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Original Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra

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Original Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra Original Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra Translated in English by Jeanne Tsai Fo Guang Shan International Translation Center © 2014 Fo Guang Shan International Translation Center Translated by Jeanne Tsai Contents Book designed by Xiaoyang Zhang Published by the Fo Guang Shan International Translation Center 3456 S. Glenmark Drive Hacienda Heights, CA 91745, U.S.A. Introduction by Venerable Master Hsing Yun ...............ix Tel: (626) 923 5143 Website: www.fgsitc.org Not to be sold. For free distribution only. Incense Praise ..........................................1 Protected by copyright under the terms of the International Copyright Union; Sutra Opening Verse ....................................3 all rights reserved. Except for fair use in book reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced for any reason by any means, including any method of Original Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra photographic reproduction, without permission of the publisher. 1. Spiritual Penetration in Trayastrimsa Heaven ............5 Printed in Taiwan. 2. The Assembly of the Emanations .....................51 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 5 3. Observing the Karmic Conditions of Living Beings ......65 4. The Karmic Consequences of Living Beings of Jambudvipa ..87 5. The Names of the Hells ............................131 6. The Praise of the Tathagata .........................149 7. Benefiting the Living and the Deceased ...............187 8. The Praise of King Yama and His Retinue .............207 9. Reciting the Names of Buddhas .....................243 10. Comparing the Conditions and Virtues of Giving ......261 11. The Dharma Protection of the Earth Spirit ...........283 12. The Benefits from Seeing and Hearing ...............295 Acknowledgements 13. Entrusting Humans and Devas .....................343 Praise ..............................................367 Wonderful support and help have made this sutra translation pos- sible. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to everyone. In Praise of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva .......................369 particular, thanks to Venerable Master Hsing Yun, founder of Fo Triple Refuge ........................................373 Guang Shan Hsi Lai Temple and the Fo Guang Shan International Translation Center, for giving me the opportunities to learn this Dedication of Merit ...................................375 and other sutras and Buddhist teachings in general; Venerable Tzu Jung, President of FGSITC, for guiding and leading the translation Notes ...............................................376 center; Venerable Yi Chao, Executive Editor of FGSITC, for laying down solid foundation and framework for this sutra early on and Glossary ............................................381 overseeing all the final finishing details and bringing this project to completion. Thanissaro Bhikkhu, abbot of the Metta Forest Monastery, for reviewing the entire sutra draft and the glossary and provid- ing immensely helpful suggestions for improving this translation; Khensur Rinpoche Lobsang Tsephel, the spiritual director of Land of Compassion Buddha, for resolving difficult Dharma questions and helping me understand this sutra; Venerable Miao Han, for providing a key reference to help me translate this sutra; the vener- ables who preferred to remain anonymous, for providing steadfast encouragement and unconventional approaches for the length of this project; Venerable Ching Kung, whose lecture tapes and tran- scriptions on this sutra shed light on many passages. John Gill, Nathan Michon, Jonathan Ko, Amanda Ling, Xiaoyang Zhang, and Le-Binh Tran, the editors and staff of the vii viii Introduction FGSITC, for providing the finishing touch of this sutra transla- tion and making the draft ready for publishing; Yichun Diuguid, By Venerable Master Hsing Yun for providing copy of an existing translation of this sutra and reviewing the entire early draft; Janet Brown, for reviewing the entire early draft and providing enthusiastic encouragement and The Original Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Sutra (地藏菩薩本 thought-provoking critiques; Mu-Tzen Hsu, for reviewing a later 願經), is variously known as the Original Vows of Ksitigarbha Sutra draft and providing insightful critiques; Helen Tsai, my sister, for (地藏本願經), the Original Practices of Ksitigarbha Sutra (地藏本 reviewing multiple early and later drafts; Al Duffy, Brady Ching, 行經), the Power of the Original Vows of Ksitigarbha Sutra (地藏 Ching Tay, and Louvenia Ortega, for providing feedbacks on the 本誓力經), or simply the Ksitigarbha Sutra (地藏經). During the early draft; Tom Manzo and Shujan Cheng, for reviewing multiple Tang dynasty, the Chinese translation of the sutra was completed early and later drafts and organizing the footnotes and the glos- in two fascicles by Master Siksananda (652-710) of Khotan, a king- sary; Venerable Hong Sheng (formerly Christine Lim) and Florence dom located today in Hetian, Xinjiang, China. Master Siksananda Lim, for taking and introducing me to the Metta Forest Monastery was adept in both the Mahayana and the Theravada traditions of and arranging for the meeting with the Abbot as well as facili- Buddhism and an expert in many other fields of study. He passed tating contacts with other Buddhist temples; the many Buddhist away in the tenth month of the first year of the Jingyun era. Other practitioner who had offered support at various time during this well-known sutras he translated include the eighty-fascicle ver- project; and Harry Chen, my husband, for providing necessary sion of the Flower Adornment Sutra, the seven-fascicle version of support for this translation to be possible during the entire length the Lankavatara Sutra, and the Prediction of Manjusri Attaining of this project. Buddhahood Sutra. Among the Buddhist community, the Ksitigarbha Sutra is Jeanne Tsai lauded as the Buddhist sutra of filial piety. This sutra consists July 2014 of the discourses delivered by the Buddha to his mother in the Trayastrimsa Heaven. The sutra discusses the filial practices of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva during his “causal practice,” the time when he was planting the causes for liberating sentient beings in the future, as well as the profound vows he made during previous lives: “Only after all beings have been guided to awakening will I ix x Introduction Introduction xi myself attain bodhi; as long as the hells are not empty, I shall not suffering in hell. Through making offerings and cultivating -mer become a Buddha,” and “If I don’t enter the hells, who will?” it, Ksitigarbha was able to free her from hell. Ksitigarbha further The sutra also discusses cause and effect, the consequences vowed that, throughout the future kalpas, she would guide all of our actions, as well as the reality of suffering in the hells. In wrongdoing suffering beings to liberation. addition, it emphasizes that those who listen to, read, recite, and practice according to the sutra will attain inconceivable merits and II. The Assembly of the Emanations benefits and dissolve measureless negative karma. The innumerable emanations of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva who -re This sutra consists of thirteen chapters. Below is a brief sum- side in the incalculably many hells all assemble in the palace of the mary of each chapter. Trayastrimsa Heaven. Sakyamuni Buddha then earnestly entrusts all these emanations with a task: until the arrival of Maitreya I. Spiritual Penetration in Trayastrimsa Heaven Buddha, Ksitigarbha is to guide all beings who suffer due to their Sakyamuni Buddha travels to Trayastrimsa Heaven to expound the wrongdoing to liberation. The many emanations of Ksitigarbha Dharma for his mother. He discusses the two extraordinary vows Bodhisattva come together, forming one being, and vow: Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva made during his causal practice, swearing to bring measureless living beings to attain Buddhahood and guide ...My emanations fill worlds as numerous as the sand them toward liberation. grains in hundreds of thousands of myriads of millions of In one such previous life, Ksitigarbha was the son of a great Ganges Rivers. In each of these worlds, I transform into elder. At that time he encountered a Buddha named Lion’s Swift hundreds of thousands of myriads of millions of emana- Rousing Perfect in Ten Thousand Practices Tathagata. The Buddha’s tions. Each emanation guides hundreds of thousands of body was adorned with many majestic signs of excellence, and myriads of millions of people across, causing them to re- Ksitigarbha felt profound reverence for him. Wishing to attain the vere and take refuge in the Triple Gem, leave samsara for- same remarkable features as the Buddha, Ksitigarbha vowed that, ever, and reach the bliss of nirvana. As long as they do throughout incalculable future kalpas, he would guide all wrong- good deeds in Buddhadharma, even if such deeds are as doing suffering beings who reside in the six realms of existence to little as a strand of hair, a drop of water, a grain of sand, a liberation. speck of dust, or a bit of a minute down hair, I will gradu- In another previous life, Ksitigarbha was born as a Brahman ally guide them across to liberation, causing them to gain woman who sought to relieve and rescue her mother from great benefits. xii Introduction Introduction xiii III. Observing the Karmic Conditions of Living Beings …in front of the image of Pure Lotus Eyes Tathagata, I vow Ksitigarbha answers questions from Queen Maya, the Buddha’s that from this day forth, throughout hundreds of thou- mother, explaining the law of cause and effect. He describes
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