Mobility • Safety • Economy • Environment

Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 FO UND Dr Suzy Charman Road Safety Foundation October 2018 AT ION The Royal Automobile Club Foundation for Motoring Ltd is a transport policy and research organisation which explores the economic, mobility, safety and environmental issues relating to roads and their users. The Foundation publishes independent and authoritative research with which it promotes informed debate and advocates policy in the interest of the responsible motorist.

RAC Foundation 89–91 Pall Mall SW1Y 5HS

Tel no: 020 7747 3445 www.racfoundation.org

Registered Charity No. 1002705 October 2018 © Copyright Royal Automobile Club Foundation for Motoring Ltd Mobility • Safety • Economy • Environment Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 FO UND Dr Suzy Charman Road Safety Foundation October 2018 AT ION About the Road Safety Foundation

The Road Safety Foundation is a UK charity advocating road casualty reduction through simultaneous action on all three components of the safe road system: roads, vehicles and behaviour. The charity has enabled work across each of these components and has published several reports which have provided the basis of new legislation, government policy or practice.

For the last decade, the charity has focused on developing the Safe Systems approach, and in particular leading the establishment of the European Road Assessment Programme (EuroRAP) in the UK and, through EuroRAP, the global UK-based charity International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP).

Since the inception of EuroRAP in 1999, the Foundation has been the UK member responsible for managing the programme in the UK (and, more recently, Ireland), ensuring that these countries provide a global model of what can be achieved.

The Foundation plays a pivotal role in raising awareness and understanding of the importance of road infrastructure at all levels, through:

• annual publication of EuroRAP Risk Mapping and Performance Tracking in a form which can be understood by the general public, policymakers and professionals alike; • supporting use of the iRAP and EuroRAP protocols at an operational level by road authorities, in order to support engineers in improving the safety of the road infrastructure for which they are responsible; and • proposing the strategies and goals that the government should set in order to prevent tens of thousands of fatalities and disabling injuries.

The Road Safety Foundation was a founder member of the FIA Foundation (established as an independent UK registered charity in 2001 by the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) and frequently works with FIA members and other organisations both in UK and abroad, including the RAC Foundation, the AA, IAM RoadSmart, RoadSafe, the Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety (PACTS) and professional bodies such as the Association of Directors of Environment, Economy, Planning and Transport (ADEPT).

The formal objectives of the charity, which was founded in the 1980s, are to:

• carry out, or procure, research into all factors affecting the safe use of public roads; • promote and encourage the safe use of public roads by all classes of road users through the circulation of advice, information and knowledge gained from research; and • conceive, develop and implement programmes and courses of action designed to improve road safety, which are to include the undertaking of any projects or

i Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org ii programmes intended to educate young children or others in the safe use of public roads.

The library of the Road Safety Foundation’s published work is at www.roadsafetyfoundation.org.

About the Author

Dr Suzy Charman is the Road Safety Foundation’s Executive Director. She has international expertise in road safety management, particularly in the prioritisation of road safety engineering interventions. She is responsible for Road Safety Foundation’s projects with the RAC Foundation, the Department for Transport, Highways and increasingly overseeing Road Safety Foundation’s work with local authorities.

Acknowledgements

The Road Safety Foundation is grateful for the financial support of the RAC Foundation and the Department for Transport. It would like to thank local authorities it has worked with for their enthusiasm and participation.

Early work was led by Luke Rogers and Alaster Barlow, with later support from James Bradford, Dr Suzy Charman, John Barrell, Tim Sterling and the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences at the University of Zagreb, Croatia.

Disclaimer

This document has been commissioned by the RAC Foundation. The report is written by Dr Suzy Charman, Executive Director of the Road Safety Foundation, and is published by the RAC Foundation.

Any errors or omissions are the author’s sole responsibility. The report content reflects the views of the author and not necessarily those of the RAC Foundation or supporters of the Road Safety Foundation.

i Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org ii Contents

Forewords ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������vi

Executive Summary and Key Results ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������viii

1 Background, Approach and Process ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1

1.1 Background ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1

1.2 The approach ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2

1.3 The process ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 2

2 Results �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9

3 Evaluation �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 57

3.1 Current approach – identification and treatment of priority sections ����������������������������� 57

3.2 Safer Roads Fund – selection of sections �������������������������������������������������������������������� 58

3.3 iRAP software and outputs ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 58

3.4 Future use of proactive approaches ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 58

4 Discussion ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 59

Figures list

Figure 1.1: Sample Safer Roads Investment Plan ����������������������������������������������������������������� 6

Figure 1.2: Location of recommended shoulder rumble strips ���������������������������������������������� 6

Tables list

Table 2.1: A40 – County Council ������������������������������������������������������������ 11

Table 2.2: A628 – Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council ������������������������������������������������� 12

Table 2.3: A6033 (North) – Metropolitan Borough Council �������������������������������� 13

Table 2.4: A6033 (South) – Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council �������������������������������� 13

Table 2.5: A1303 – County Council ��������������������������������������������������������� 14

Table 2.6: A532 – East Council ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15

Table 2.7: A536 – Council ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16

iii Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org iv Table 2.8: A537 – Cheshire East Council ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17

Table 2.9: A3058 – Council ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18

Table 2.10: A3071 – ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19

Table 2.11: A592 – Cumbria County Council ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 20

Table 2.12: A619 – Derbyshire County Council ������������������������������������������������������������������ 21

Table 2.13: A5012 – Derbyshire County Council ���������������������������������������������������������������� 22

Table 2.14: A5004 – Derbyshire County Council ���������������������������������������������������������������� 23

Table 2.15: A3121 – County Council ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 24

Table 2.16: A3123 – Devon County Council ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 25

Table 2.17: A67 – Durham County Council ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 26

Table 2.18: A161 – East Riding of Council and North Council ���������� 27

Table 2.19: A4173 – Gloucestershire County Council ��������������������������������������������������������� 28

Table 2.20: A27 – Hampshire County Council and City Council ���������������������� 29

Table 2.21: A32 – Hampshire County Council �������������������������������������������������������������������� 30

Table 2.22: A36 – Hampshire County Council �������������������������������������������������������������������� 31

Table 2.23: A252 – County Council ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32

Table 2.24: A290 – Kent County Council ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 33

Table 2.25: A682 – County Council and County Council ���������� 34

Table 2.26: A588 – Lancashire County Council ������������������������������������������������������������������ 35

Table 2.27: A683 – Lancashire County Council ������������������������������������������������������������������ 36

Table 2.28: A6 – Lancashire County Council ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 37

Table 2.29: A581 – Lancashire County Council ������������������������������������������������������������������ 38

Table 2.30: A1084 – Lincolnshire County Council and Council �������������� 39

Table 2.31: A631 (West) – Lincolnshire County Council ������������������������������������������������������ 40

Table 2.32: A631 (East) – Lincolnshire County Council ������������������������������������������������������� 40

Table 2.33: A18 – Council and Lincolnshire County Council ���������� 41

Table 2.34: A161 – North Lincolnshire Council and County Council ��������� 42

Table 2.35: A167 – North Yorkshire County Council ����������������������������������������������������������� 43

Table 2.36: A684 – North Yorkshire County Council and Cumbria County Council ������������� 44

iii Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org iv Table 2.37: A6108 – North Yorkshire County Council ��������������������������������������������������������� 45

Table 2.38: A371 – North Somerset Council ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 46

Table 2.39: A634 – Nottinghamshire County Council and Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 47

Table 2.40: A670 – Oldham Council and Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council ������������� 48

Table 2.41: A361 – County Council ����������������������������������������������������������������� 49

Table 2.42: A529 – Council and Cheshire East Council ������������������������������������ 50

Table 2.43: A4 – Slough Borough Council �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51

Table 2.44: A57 – St Helens Council ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 52

Table 2.45: A1290 – City Council �������������������������������������������������������������������� 53

Table 2.46: A217 – Surrey County Council ������������������������������������������������������������������������� 54

Table 2.47: A126 – Thurrock Council ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 55

Table 2.48: A285 – West Sussex County Council ��������������������������������������������������������������� 56

v Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org vi Forewords

As this report is published so we have just seen the 2017 road casualty statistics for Great Britain. The picture they paint is distressingly familiar – a plateau in road deaths, averaging five each day, over twenty-thousand serious injuries, the total of all injuries counted in the hundreds of thousands.

It is all too easy to declare that something should be done to stem this tide of death and injury without specifying exactly what that something should be.

That is why we were pleased to have the opportunity to support the work documented in this report, and proud to be associated with the result.

The report provides a source document of practical, real-world examples where risk has been identified, assessed and plans have been drawn up to reduce death and injury.

With local authority budgets under strain we hope that all those responsible for the stewardship of our highways will read this report and take from it the fact that tackling road risk isn’t all about high-cost, high-profile projects: it’s often about drawing on the existing evidence base, and, above all, a determination to do something practical that works.

Steve Gooding

Director, RAC Foundation

v Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org vi This report offers a real and new opportunity to tackle death and trauma on our roads.

Firstly, the report shows we can stop lives being ruined in large numbers if we apply new techniques to hunt systematically for the most affordable measures to reduce the in-built risk of road infrastructure.

Secondly, the report shows that if we do that, the economic returns to be expected are in excess of those generated by most major transport projects if they are evaluated on the same basis.

This is good news. The management of road infrastructure safety can take a step closer to the approach used in medicine, mining, rail and aviation.

The innovation of the Safer Roads Fund has shown that better value for money and saving lives can go hand-in-hand providing that safety projects are generated and financed in a way that is proportionate to their importance and their returns.

The way that central government, local authorities and charities have partnered together has been exemplary.

I am grateful to the RAC Foundation, which provided leadership and crucial seed corn finance to kick-start this new systematic way of reducing road trauma.

Ministers and senior officials should be proud of their creativity in conceiving a Safer Roads Fund targeted at the 50 most dangerous A-roads as an unarguable starting point for the new approach.

The portfolio of projects has been developed to a demanding timetable. It has involved training in new technologies able to measure and test how risks on the roads could be reduced. Local authorities have quickly responded to the new potential to deliver major reductions in road trauma.

The enemy now is loss of momentum. The new skills and learning must be consolidated and applied to successive new portfolios before they slip away.

Unsurprisingly, the approach is already being emulated internationally. In Britain, local authority cabinets, transport leaders and economic advisers everywhere must become aware of this new art of the possible.

John Dawson

Chair, Management Committee, Road Safety Foundation

vii Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org viii Executive Summary and Key Results

Context

The number of people killed on Britain’s roads increased by just under 4% from 1,730 in 2015 to 1,793 in 2017, the highest annual total since 2011. In 2017, road traffic crashes had a value of prevention of a staggering £35 billion, which is more than the UK spends on GP services and primary schools combined.

International commitments to halve the number of road traffic deaths every decade will not be met unless there is a step change in the way that this significant problem is tackled.

History

In November 2016, the Secretary of State for Transport announced a £3 billion roads investment package. The Safer Roads Fund was allocated some of this for upgrading 50 of England’s most dangerous local A-road sections.

The Safer Roads Fund covers the four financial years 2017/18 to 2020/1. The fund is specifically targeted at delivering road upgrades and improvements to reduce the number and severity of fatal and serious injury collisions on the 50 highest-risk local A-road sections, based on the Road Safety Foundation’s 2016 analysis.

In total, 450 miles of roads were eligible for Rounds 1 and 2 of the Safer Roads Fund.

Approach

Countries across the world are now adopting the Safe System philosophy, which means that they no longer simply blame road users for crashes, but instead are seeking to design a system that will protect the road user from death or serious injury when crashes occur. This is a fundamental change in approach, based on the principles of inevitability that crashes will occur because humans are ‘error prone’, and the survivability of crashes based on known tolerances of the human body to crash forces.

In approaching road safety engineering treatment, the Safe System philosophy necessitates that road authorities proactively manage risk on their networks, rather than waiting for crashes to occur before responding.

International research has shown how different road features contribute to the likelihood and severity of crashes, so it is possible to identify and reduce risk based on an objective and

vii Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org viii evidence-led methodology. This allows road authorities to take a ‘proactive’ risk assessment approach when identifying potential treatments to reduce risk, in the same way as is applied in other industries such as medicine, mining, aviation and, even, road worker safety.

To support local authorities in developing a business case for investment based on a risk management approach, the DfT offered authorities the opportunity to use the International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) Star Rating methodology supported by Road Safety Foundation. This methodology has now been used in around 80 countries, covering nearly 570,000 miles of roads.

The iRAP process allows engineers to review how risk changes along a route, and the sort of treatments that might be cost-effective to reduce that risk. Road safety engineers can then take this information, together with their local knowledge and expertise, and develop their countermeasure plans.

The Road Safety Foundation developed a new way of modelling these plans, so that the impact of different options could be assessed. This was done by developing a User-Defined Investment Plan (UDIP) process that estimates the number of fatal and serious injuries (FSIs) that should be prevented by each countermeasure.

Portfolio results

Together, the schemes will cost nearly £100 million, to be spent before March 2021. The portfolio benefits are clear:

• more than 1,450 FSIs estimated to be prevented in the next 20 years; • value of prevention of injuries (20 years): £550 million; • economic cost (20 years) (including maintenance and operation): £125 million; and • portfolio benefit:cost ratio (BCR): 4.4.

The measures that will be implemented as a result of this investment include:

• 135 new or improved pedestrian crossings; • 10 miles of new or improved footpaths; • 20 miles of new or improved cycle facilities; • 225 improved junctions; • 290 miles of improved shoulders; • 90 miles of cleared or protected roadsides; • 90 miles of improved visibility and signing; • 300 improved bends; • 150 miles of improved speed limits, enforcement and traffic calming; • 80 miles of improved medians; and • 70 miles of improved road surfaces.

ix Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org x Conclusions

The innovative Safer Roads Fund is an extremely positive first step. An estimated 1,450 families will be spared the sorrow of death or serious injury over the next twenty years from this first portfolio of schemes. Both the societal impact and economic impact are clear; moreover, the BCR of the portfolio investment would compete well with many transport schemes.

The proactive iRAP inspection approach has been well received, and it is clear that this represents good practice, though there remains one clear barrier to widespread application of such a proactive methodology, and that is identification of sustainable funding for road safety interventions. Because of this, the dwindling local authority road safety budgets are likely to continue to be spent on making very minor improvements at historical crash clusters.

Although a compelling case for road safety engineering treatments can be made, the impact of these is often not felt at the local level. Moreover, there is little accountability for road- related trauma at the local level. While it is inconceivable that a death occurring in social care would not be discussed at the board level in local government, it is rare for road deaths to feature. While other budgets are protected, local authority road safety capital investment budgets have reduced significantly over time.

National and local accountability for road safety performance needs to be established, and protected funds either at the national or local level should be put in place if international commitments to halve the number of road deaths every decade is to be met.

ix Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org x 1. Background, Approach and Process

This section provides an overview on the origin of the Safer Roads Fund and the approach taken by Road Safety Foundation in working with local authorities to develop proposals for submission.

1.1 Background

The Road Safety Foundation has produced risk maps of motorways, trunk roads and local authority A-roads in Great Britain since 2002. In this work, the Road Safety Foundation identifies the risk of being involved in a fatal or serious crash per billion vehicle-kilometres travelled and presents this cartographically. This annual programme has allowed the Road Safety Foundation to track performance over time, identifying persistently high-risk roads, and those that have improved.

1 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 2 The Road Safety Foundation has also undertaken several International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) inspections in Great Britain. These provide Star Ratings showing the intrinsic safety performance of the road infrastructure itself, as well as indicative Safer Roads Investment Plans (SRIPs) that can be implemented to improve safety. The whole of the Strategic Road has been inspected after it made a delivery plan commitment for 90% of travel to be on three star or above roads by 2020.

In 2015, the Road Safety Foundation demonstrated the development of a SRIP on a local authority A-road in West Sussex. The work was sponsored by Ageas and reported in Engineering Safer Roads1. In 2016, the RAC Foundation supported a rapid pathfinder project to inspect several high-risk local A-road sections. At a similar time, the Autumn Statement provided funding to tackle the 50 ‘most dangerous’ local A-roads in England, and the DfT Safer Roads Fund was launched. The DfT gave two deadlines for local authorities to submit their proposals: one at the end of April 2017 and one at the end of September 2017.

The pathfinder project soon evolved to provide support for eight pathfinder authorities with eleven road sections to submit proposals to the DfT, while a further grant from the DfT facilitated inspection of the remaining top 50 sections.

1.2 The approach

The Safe System philosophy suggests that, in order to effectively tackle road infrastructure safety, a proactive risk reduction approach needs to be adopted. The approach outlined here, therefore, allows road authorities to adopt a ‘proactive’ risk assessment to identifying potential treatments in order to reduce risk, in the same way as is applied in other industries such as medicine, mining, aviation and, even, road worker safety. A proactive approach can mean acting to remove risks before people are killed or hurt. Rather than focusing on historical crash cluster sites alone, where chance can often be the main explanation of clusters and ‘regression to the mean’ effects can flatter the effectiveness of action, a proactive approach seeks to focus on known high risks.

For more information about the approach please refer to the report Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads: Implementation Guidelines2.

1.3 The process 1.3.1 Identification of priority sections

The selection of road sections to be eligible for the Safer Roads Fund in England was done on the basis of the risk of a fatal or serious crash per billion vehicle-kilometres driven, calculated using STATS19 crash data and DfT traffic flow data. The roads eligible were the top 50 high- risk local authority A-roads shown on the Safer Roads Fund map, on the next page.

1 http://www.eurorap.org/wp-content/uploads/Engineering-Safer-Roads.pdf 2 https://www.racfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Tackling-high-risk-roads-RSF-RACF-October-2017-2.pdf

1 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 2 Safer Roads Fund

This map shows the 50 highest risk ‘A’ road sections in England, based on analysis by the Road Safety Foundation of the British EuroRAP network. Road Assessment Programme Risk Rating Islay Berwick- The risk is calculated by comparing the frequency of road collisions resulting in upon-Tweed death and serious injury on every stretch of road (between 2012 - 2014) with how much tra c each road is carrying. Medium-high risk roads

A 1 For more information on the Road Safety Foundation go to High risk roads

www.roadsafetyfoundation.org. A 6 9 7

Alnwick For more information on the statistical background to this research, visit the EuroRAP website at www.eurorap.org. Scale

1 0 20 40 miles S C O T L A N D A 0 20 40 60 km Morpeth

A

6 8 A 69 6 A 1 Local Authority Abbreviations: A 1 9 A69 MetBC - Metropolitan Borough Council A69 CityC - City Council A 1 4 9 6 9 2 A 8 6 9 BC - Borough Council 6 A 6 6 A A A 6 8 Sunderland 9 8 A693 CC - County Council Consett 96 A 5 6 0 A 5 9 9 A1290 59 M6 1 6 A108 A 86 A 6 A Durham 6 Sunderland CityC

A689 A1(M) A 1 A182 Usworth - A19 West Boldon 9

A67 Penrith Bishop Hartlepool A66 Durham CC A66 Auckland A66 - A6 Barnard A

6 6 Keswick A 8

A592 5 Castle A6 74 9 6 A1 Whitehaven 1

A67

Cumbria CC 2

9 Brough A66 A6108

5 A A591 Windermere - A66 Penrith A M6 A A 1 1 North Yorkshire CC 5 6 7 1 9 7 2 Isle 5 7 1 A - 8

0 A

of Man 1 A 1 A684 6 1 7

Windermere 1 A

9 North Yorkshire CC / Cumbria CC 93 A684 1 A5 A A 1 A6033 M6 J37 - A1 Leeming Bar Kendal 6 Scarborough 7 A167 A684 North Yorkshire CC Calderdale MetBC A170 0 Kirkby 59 A6 Hebden Bridge – Cross Roads A683 A 10 Topclie - A61 Carlton Miniott A161 Lonsdale 8 8 6 1 A64 A 1 Council / Lancashire CC A 6 A 5 A6033 1 North Lincolnshire Council A Ripon 9 6 5 Malton Lancaster - A65 Kirkby Lonsdale 4 A6 Barrow-in- 3 6 1 Calderdale MetBC Goole - 8 A A6 6 14 A A1(M) Furness Lancaster A6 Bridlington Lancashire CC Hebden Bridge – 6 A588 A59 A16 A65 Littleborough A161 Lancaster - M6 J33 9 14 A5 6

5 A

Lancashire CC A6 North Lincolnshire Council / 6 2 1 A6 8 A Nottinghamshire CC 6 Lancaster - A585 8 A A659 1 Market A682 58

M180 J2 - Beckingham A M6 9 A6 64 9 Weighton 5 A 1 Lancashire CC / A 5 A A 58 North Yorkshire CC 5 M65 59 4 A 33 1 0 Bradford 6 Barrowford - A65 Long Preston A581 M55 6 A A A63 A18 A M1 A6 Kingston Lancashire CC 584 3 M62 A Preston A A1(M) 63 A63 North East Lincolnshire Council / M65 6 4 6 Goole upon Hull A M62 A Lincolnshire CC A59 Nr Ruord - A49 A670 6 A631 65 6 0 5 7 M62 A 81 3 A5 5 A 1 3 68

Oldham MetBC / Southport A46 - A16 Southport A645 Lincolnshire CC A61 9 1 6 Thameside MetBC 1 M18 A 1 A A M66 6 1 A A628 M62 M1 3 A18 Bishopbridge A631 - Bolton 8 A Ashton-under-Lyne - A62 M61 8 18 A A180 A1 10 Barnsley MetBC 58 Bury Barnsley 84 A M180 M58 A570 A1084 A631 A616 - A629 Penistone A57 1 46 A18 Lincolnshire CC / 6 A

A 1 6 A M6 16 A Anglesey 62 8 A Lincolnshire CC 0 A 1 1 North Lincolnshire Council St. Helens MetBC M57 A580 A58 6 0 A537 M62 M60 M60 M1 M18 A1(M) 31 LIVERPOOL Gainsborough 1 - M62 J7 - Lingley Green M62 57 A63 Market Rasen - Louth A16 A A631 Cheshire East Council A A A Louth 57 6 1 A6 34 M56 5 Warrington 3 A

2 A 0 6 5 A Maccleseld - A54 5 A634 A 0 A 5 6 Nr A 37 0 A 54 M56 4 62 1 Nottinghamshire CC /

0 M53 3 A

A

9 1 Macclesfield A Buxton 6 6 6 4 9 Rotherham MetBC 5 M6 0 1 1 A1 5 A 6 Chesterfield 5 A 5 6 4 8 2 A536 A 3 A5004 5 A A A A 1 Maltby - Blyth Chester A54 619 Lincoln A Cheshire East Council A A 0 1 5 5 4 A 8 Derbyshire CC 5 3 6 A5 A54 1 A6 4 1 4 5 A A A A 6 A 5 5 5 A 4 A 1 A5012 1 6 6 3 Lower Heath A34 - Maccleseld 1 A 6 2 4 5 Buxton - Whaley bridge 5 5 1 1 1 A A3 A Derbyshire CC Leek A50 A6 A532 A534 12 Newark-on-Trent A 0 1 A619

A529 6

Crewe A515 - A6 Cromford A Cheshire East Council Stoke- 6 1 6 7 A A 9 M1 4 A Derbyshire CC Shropshire Council / 4 4 A Ashbourne A 1 1 5 A 17 Cheshire East Council Woolstanwood A530 - 1 on-Trent A52 A Cromer Bakewell - Baslow Crewe Green A529 A3 A 8 A149 5 3 Boston Market Drayton A53 - Audlem A525 A 2 4 4 A 2 A 6 8 1 5 5 4

A A 2 1 A 1 A 5 A50 52 A5 A A 5 1 Uttoxeter 2 A528 A529 9 A5 3 A 4 52 A A 1 A 95 A 8 1 1

Oswestry 4 M6 5 Derby 5 1 4 A A50 9 A 7 7 9

51 A50 6 60 A 4 15 Fakenham A A A 1 8 A 4 3 4 1 A A 1 A 8 Spalding A1 1 4 518 7 5 A King’s 4 A149 A A Melton 0 3 8 2 3 4 1 4 5 A 13 Burton A A1

5 A A Lynn Newport Mowbray A 4 M1 A 1 4 upon Trent 7 A 1 47 A 7 Shrewsbury A5 60 6 6 A5 2 6 A 0 1 A 4 6 A Wisbech 47 A458 A A4 A 51 Stamford 0 A5 47 1 Great

A529 M54 A A A

Telford 4 A 7 5 Norwich 8 A A5 M42 4 47 4 8 4 A 6 5 4 Yarmouth

4 8 7 0

Shropshire Council 4 A A A 1 1

A A A5 4 3 1 A A 6 4 9 5 2 6 4 60 1 A519 7 A A 4 0 A 3 1 Hinstock A41 - A 3

0 0 M69 A 4 A 4 1 0 3 1 4 Hinckley 6 A

4 A1 A1 Market Drayton A53 A45 38 9 1 M6 A 4 A A A4 4 M1 A4 8 4 2 3 A Lowestoft 4 7 9 Bridgnorth 5 A427 14 8 A 1 A 5 304 A A 4 4 A 6 A A A 14 4 A 1 5 6 4 1 1 A 2 3 5 0 4 1 1 8 4 2 0 A1(M) 1 4 8 4 Ely

M42 M6 A 6 1 4 4 14 Diss A A A Thetford A M5 A 11 A361 A4117 A A A 14 Rugby 5 5 2 A361 Coventry 1 9 43 CC 9 9 5 A Huntingdon 1 4 A A 6 A 4 14 9 4 A A45 4 A Oxfordshire CC Redditch 5 0

1 4 A 1 1

4 Bury St A 3 1

0 A46 M40 A1 A 4

A 4 A 1 Kilsby A5- Daventry 4 4 2 0 A 4 A St A 4 4 8 1 Banbury - Chipping Norton A44 4 A Warwick A 2 4 A1 Edmunds W ALE S 3 425 8 1 4 A 3 A41 A 4 89 4 Neots A 0

0 25 12 5 A A A4 0 9 Daventry A4 14 A1

A4 4 6 Newmarket 4 2 A

2 45 A428 A1303 Worcester 42 4 A4 A A 2 A1 A A5 8 1 A

4 2 6 A A 4 A 4 1 4 2 4 2

4 3 Cambridgeshire CC

A 1 1 5 Cambridge 3

1 A 3 8 1 1 7 1 3 4 A 0 3 0 0 1

0 Stratford- Bedford 9 A1 A A 5 6 9 1 M40 9

A4 A44 A361 M1 8 A M11 A 4 A 4 Stowe cum Quy - Newmarket 80 A upon-Avon 71 422 A A1 A10 Ipswich A 6 30 Bypass A 3 A 0 7 4 9 4 A Sudbury 3 9 5 6 0 5 8 4 Evesham 2 A 50 A A 4 A 4 Banbury A 1 14 A 0 A438 A 1 6 7 A 2 Hereford 4 4 Royston 1 4 1 1 A A 0 1 Buckingham 3 3 A 1 7 Felixstowe 9 421 A505 1 4 4 A 6 3 5 44 3 A A 1 6 A 4 A4 A A 4 4 A 38 A A 9 M50 5 1 A5 M1 0 2 A A5 0 4 M11 120 A4 1 Stevenage 120 A 3 A120 A Cheltenham A Luton A120 0 8 A A4 9 44 A 1 Slough BC A40 2 1 4 4 1 6 1 3 4 A 0 1 A 3 Bicester 1 Braintree 3 A1(M) 3 A A 5 A 1 2 GloucesterA 5 A 1 Bath Road M4 J7- M4 J5 9 4 A41 4 0 A 4 St A414 414 1 A A 6 6 A3 3 7 4 1 3 A M40 Clacton- A4 A A 40 A 4 Albans 0 4 0 1

1 9 A A4 1 2 3 A 7 4 on-Sea 4 A 1 414 A126 A 5 A A 8 4 2 0 4 A4 M5 1 A 0 A130 Cirencester 4 A Thurrock Council Oxford 0 1 M25 A419 9 A 20 0 A4173 8 41 7 A4 2 3 High 3

A A A M1 M11 Lakeside A13- Tilbury 9 4 Gloucestershire CC 1 A361 Wycombe 2 9 M48 4 A A4 Basildon A12 A 4 M40 7 33 17 Gloucester A38 - Pitchcombe 4 20 127 M4 6 A 4 A4155 A 4 Swindon A Romford

A46 A A4 A M25 Southend-on-Sea A 1 3 8 7 40 Maidenhead A1 3 M49 3 7 M25 0 4 M4 3 4

A

M4M4 A40 M32 6 Chippenham 4 M4 Reading LONDON 28 3 M4 2 A Margate Buckinghamshire CC A A371 Bristol A4

M5 A4 A4 Bracknell Dartford 0 7 7 A 8 Stokenchurch M40 - West 3 4 2 North Somerset Council A 2 Rochester 2 Ramsgate 8 2 A 28 A A Wycombe 3 Newbury 3 A 2 Weston-super-Mare A A3 M25 A M2 Bath Weston-super-Mare A370 - 6 A M3 A 3 9 A371 3 3 M20 4 3 Canterbury

3 A M26 2 A290 A 4

Banwell 0 A 3 8 26 A 4 2 Woking A 2 A371 A A

A35 M25 2 Kent CC 5 2 2 Sevenoaks A2 A

5 5 Basingstoke Dorking A2 1 8 3 2 A3123 Shepton A 2 6 A 25 7 4 A Andover Farnham A M20 Canterbury A28 - 61 Warminster 3 A Mallet A 3 2 Royal 0 Guildford 2

Devon CC A3 2 M23 Seasalter A229 A 4

A39 3 0 0 1 3 6

A 6 A3 3 3 2

1 A3123 A 9 A A A303 A Tunbridge 8 Ashford 3 2 A 6 3 9 36 0 262 A Dover Mullacott Cross A361- A399 3 9 9 3 A

3 A M3 A A 9 Bridgwater 1 Wells

A A 2 A20 36 A A 2 A 3 Crawley 0 3 2 3 A 4 2 1 7 A A31 8 A A Folkestone 3 Street 7 Salisbury 30 1 2 0 A252 M5 A 2 6

5 3

2 8 A 0 Winchester A A 3 A2

Bideford 6 5 Horsham 0 2 A 3 3 2 2 9 A A3 27 4 6 Kent CC 6 A A 3 8 1 3 Taunton 272 A272 A 0 A A3058 3 9 A 9 5 5 A 2 Charing A20 - Chilham A28 38 A 3 26 9 A 0 A2 A 2 A

3 4 3 A272 8 Cornwall Council 3 A A2 3 5 6 1 5 A 36 A A272 A 3 8 A A 8 2 Yeovil A 2 5 2 3 8

1 A 8 0 3 2 6 Quintrell Downs - Summercourt 8 6 A3 A A A 2 8 Blandford 2 2 A 3 3 3 7

A Tiverton A2 9 A30 A A 3 A Southampton M27 A3(M) 25 7 3 Forum A27 Lewes A 7 7 A27 A217 A3072 A30 A A A Fareham Hastings A 1 3 35 3 3 3 5 A A27 0 6 0 A 59 A27 Surrey CC 5 Ringwood 2 6 3 A A35 6 2 4 2

M5 0 1 Brighton 9 3 A35 A3 3 A Reigate A25 - Gatwick A23 A A30 Portsmouth Bognor 52 A30 A35 A35 Poole Regis A3071 Exeter A3 Bridport Dorchester 95 0 A BournemouthA3054 3 A285 Cornwall Council A 38 6 2 8

3 A West Sussex CC 3

St Just - A30 Launceston A 0 8 8 9 0 55 3 8 A3 8 Exmouth Isle of Wight A 3 A3 Weymouth A272 - Boxgrove A27 A 30 A Tavistock A379 390 A38 A A 385 Torquay 0 0 38 A A3 39 A3 A 92 A38 1 Paignton A 1 A36 A32 A27 5 3058 2 8 7 1 3 0 3 A 3 A Hampshire CC Hampshire CC Hampshire CC / A Plymouth A3121 30 A39 9 Portsmouth CityC A 7 3 A Devon CC Wigley A36 - Totton A35 Fareham A27- Gosport

8 Fareham - Cosham M275 7 0 3 Ermington A379 - Wrangaton A39 A 3 30 A38 A3071 A A394 Falmouth A3Penzance0 A

3

0

8

3

© Road Safety Foundation 2018. Digital Map Data © Collins Bartholomew Ltd 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018. The Foundation is indebted to the Department for Transport (DfT) for allowing use of data in creating the map. This work has been financially supported by Ageas. Crash information is for 2012-2014. Traffic data is the average for 2012-2014 weighted by section length with. local corrections where appropriate. The roads shown are based on the 2013 network. Sponsored by Prepared under licence from EuroRAP AISBL using Risk Bands 2020 protocols © Copyright EuroRAP AISBL. Ageas This map may not be reproduced without3 the consentTackling of the Road High-Risk Safety Foundation. Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 Safer Roads Fund

This map shows the 50 highest risk ‘A’ road sections in England, based on analysis by the Road Safety Foundation of the British EuroRAP network. Road Assessment Programme Risk Rating Islay Berwick- The risk is calculated by comparing the frequency of road collisions resulting in upon-Tweed Local authorities were offered the assistance of the Road Safety Foundation, though they death and serious injury on every stretch of road (between 2012 - 2014) with how much tra c each road is carrying. Medium-high risk roads were also free to adopt their own approach when estimating the potential benefits of their

A 1 For more information on the Road Safety Foundation go to High risk roads www.roadsafetyfoundation.org. A 6 9 7 proposed schemes. The approach taken by the Road Safety Foundation is detailed in the

Alnwick For more information on the statistical background to this research, visit the EuroRAP website at www.eurorap.org. Scale sections that follow.

1 0 20 40 miles S C O T L A N D A 0 20 40 60 km Morpeth

A

6 8 A 1.3.2 Survey and coding 69 6 A 1 Local Authority Abbreviations: A 1 Tynemouth 9 A69 MetBC - Metropolitan Borough Council A69 A1 Newcastle upon Tyne CityC - City Council Hexham A 1 4 9 The Road Safety Foundation team videoed the 50 road sections using Garmin VIRB X or

6 9 2 A 8 6 9 BC - Borough Council 6 A 6 Carlisle 6 A A A 6 8 Sunderland 9 8 A693 CC - County Council 6 Consett 59 A A 6 0 95 91 9 A1290 5 M6 6 6 A108 Ultra 30 action cameras mounted on the windscreen of an ordinary car. The camera system A 8 A 6 A Durham 6 Sunderland CityC

A689 A1(M) A 1 A182 Usworth - A19 West Boldon 9

A67 Workington Penrith Bishop Hartlepool A66 Durham CC collects high-definition wide-angled video footage suitable for coding attributes not only on A66 Auckland A66 Bowes - Barnard Castle A6 Barnard A

6 6 Middlesbrough Keswick A 8

A592 5 Castle A6 74 9 6 A1 Whitehaven 1

A67 Guisborough

Cumbria CC 2

9 the roadway itself, but also on the roadsides. The videos were georeferenced using the built- Brough A66 Darlington A6108

5 A A591 Windermere - A66 Penrith A M6 A Whitby A 1 1 North Yorkshire CC 5 6 7 1 9 7 2 Isle 5 7 1 A Ripon - Scotch Corner 8

0 A of Man 1 A 1

A684 6 1 7 in Garmin GPS, which means that during coding it is possible to identify the location of road

Windermere 1 A

9 North Yorkshire CC / Cumbria CC 93 A684 1 A5 A A 1 A6033 M6 J37 - A1 Leeming Bar Kendal 6 Scarborough 7 A167 A684 Thirsk North Yorkshire CC Calderdale MetBC A170 attributes along the road. 0 Kirkby 59 A6 Hebden Bridge – Cross Roads A683 A 10 Topclie - A61 Carlton Miniott A161 Lonsdale 8 8 6 1 A64 A 1 East Riding of Yorkshire Council / Lancashire CC A 6 A 5 A6033 1 North Lincolnshire Council A Ripon 9 6 5 Malton Lancaster - A65 Kirkby Lonsdale 4 A6 Barrow-in- 3 6 1 Calderdale MetBC Goole - Ealand 8 A A6 6 14 A A1(M) 6 Bridlington Lancashire CC Furness Lancaster A Hebden Bridge – A A166 The 50 road sections were surveyed either in December 2016 or spring 2017. Where practical, A588 59 A65 Littleborough A161 Lancaster - M6 J33 9 14 A5 Skipton York 6

5 A

Lancashire CC A6 North Lincolnshire Council / 6 2 Harrogate 1 A6 8 A Nottinghamshire CC 6 Lancaster - Skippool A585 8 A A659 1 Market A682 Fleetwood 58

M180 J2 - Beckingham A M6 9 A6 4 9 Weighton the survey team met with local authorities as they travelled around the country in order to Clitheroe 6 5 A 1 Lancashire CC / A 5 A A 58 North Yorkshire CC 5 M65 59 4 A 33 1 0 Bradford LEEDS 6 Barrowford - A65 Long Preston A581 Blackpool M55 6 Selby A A A63 A18 A584 Blackburn Burnley M1 A63 Kingston Lancashire CC A A1(M) M62 A63 A63 brief them about the project. During the 1-2 hour briefing meeting, the team explained the risk Preston North East Lincolnshire Council / M65 6 4 6 Goole upon Hull A M62 A Lincolnshire CC A59 Nr Ruord - A49 Euxton A670 6 A631 65 6 0 5 7 M62 A 81 3 A5 5 A 1 3 68

Oldham MetBC / Southport Laceby A46 - Ludborough A16 Southport Huddersfield A645 Lincolnshire CC A61 9 1 6 Thameside MetBC 1 M18 Immingham A 1 A A M66 6 1 A mapping results, described the Star Rating methodology and how these approaches could be A628 M62 M1 3 A18 Scunthorpe Bishopbridge A631 - Market Rasen Bolton 8 A Ashton-under-Lyne - A62 M61 8 18 A A180 A1 10 Grimsby Barnsley MetBC 58 Bury Barnsley 84 A M180 M58 A570 A1084 Doncaster A631 A616 - A629 Penistone A57 1 46 A18 Lincolnshire CC / MANCHESTER 6 A

A 1 6 A M6 16 A Anglesey 2 A Lincolnshire CC used together to develop cost-effective treatment programmes. The team also described 6 8 0 A 1 1 North Lincolnshire Council St. Helens MetBC M57 A580 A58 6 0 A537 M62 M60 M60 M1 M18 A1(M) 31 LIVERPOOL Gainsborough 1 Brigg - Caistor M62 J7 - Lingley Green M62 57 A63 Market Rasen - Louth A16 A A631 Cheshire East Council A Sheffield A A Louth 57 6 1 A6 34 M56 5 Warrington 3 A

2 A 0 6 5 A Maccleseld - A54 5 A634 the supporting data that would be required to calibrate and localise the results. A 0 A 5 6 Nr Buxton A 37 0 A 54 M56 4 62 1 Nottinghamshire CC /

0 M53 3 A

A

9 1 Macclesfield Worksop A Buxton 6 6 6 4 9 Rotherham MetBC 5 M6 0 1 1 A1 5 A 6 Chesterfield 5 A 5 6 4 8 2 A536 A 3 A5004 5 A A A A 1 Maltby - Blyth Chester A54 619 Lincoln A Cheshire East Council A A 0 1 5 5 4 A 8 Derbyshire CC 5 3 6 A5 A54 1 A6 4 1 4 5 A Skegness A A A 6 A 5 5 5 A 4 A 1 A5012 1 6 6 3 Lower Heath A34 - Maccleseld 1 A 6 2 4 5 Buxton - Whaley bridge 5 5 1 1 Mansfield 1 A A3 A In the coding process, 50 attributes that are relevant to road safety outcomes were coded Derbyshire CC Leek A50 A6 A532 A534 12 Newark-on-Trent A 0 1 A619

A529 6

Crewe A515 - A6 Cromford A Cheshire East Council Stoke- 6 1 6 7 A A 9 M1 4 A Derbyshire CC Shropshire Council / 4 4 A Ashbourne A 1 1 5 A 17 Cheshire East Council Woolstanwood A530 - 1 on-Trent A52 A Bakewell - Baslow Crewe Green Sleaford Cromer every 100m along the road section. The coding was undertaken by an experienced team

A529 A3 A 8 A149 5 3 Nottingham Boston Market Drayton A53 - Audlem A525 A 2 4 4 A 2 A 6 8 1 5 5 4

A A 2 1 A 1 A 5 A50 52 A5 A A 5 1 Uttoxeter 2 A528 A529 9 A5 3 A 4 52 A A 1 A 95 A 8 Grantham 1 1

Oswestry 4 M6 5 Derby 5 1 4 A A50 9 A 7 7 9

1 6 0 who reviewed the digital images and recorded road attributes in accordance with the 5 A50 6 A 4 15 Fakenham A A A 1 8 A 4 3 4 1 A A 1 A 8 Spalding A1 1 4 518 7 5 A Stafford King’s 4 A149 A A Melton 0 3 8 2 3 4 1 4 5 A 13 Burton A A1

5 A A Lynn Newport Mowbray A 3 4 M1 A 1 4 upon Trent 7 A 1 47 A 7 Shrewsbury 0 A5 A5 6 6 6 iRAP Star Ratings and Investment Plans: Coding Manual to create a data file/upload file 2 6 A 0 1 A Lichfield 4 6 A Wisbech 47 A458 A A4 A 51 Stamford 0 A5 47 1 Great

A529 M54 A A A

Telford 4 A 7 5 Norwich 8 A A5 M42 4 47 4 8 4 A 6 5 4 Yarmouth

4 8 7 0

Shropshire Council M6 Toll 4 A A A 1 1

A A A5 Leicester 4 3 1 A A 6 4 9 5 2 6 4 60 1 A519 7 A A 4 0 1 A compatible for upload to the iRAP online software ViDA. 3 Hinstock A41 - A 3

0 0 Wolverhampton M69 A 4 A 4 1 0 3 1 4 Hinckley 6 A

4 A1 A1 Market Drayton A53 A45 38 9 Peterborough 1 M6 A 4 A A A4 4 M1 A4 8 4 2 3 A Lowestoft 4 7 9 Bridgnorth 5 A427 14 8 A 1 A 5 304 A A 4 4 A 6 A A A 14 4 A 1 5 6 4 1 1 A 2 3 5 0 4 1 1 8 4 2 0 A1(M) 1 4 8 BIRMINGHAM 4 Ely

M42 M6 A 6 1 4 4 14 Diss A A A Thetford A M5 A 11 A361 A4117 A A A 14 Rugby 5 5 Kettering 2 A361 Coventry 1 Kidderminster 9 3 Northamptonshire CC Quality assurance was completed in accordance with the iRAP Star Ratings and Investment 4 9 9 5 A Huntingdon 1 4 A A 6 A 4 14 9 4 A A45 4 A Oxfordshire CC Redditch 5 0

1 4 A 1 1

4 Bury St A 3 1

0 A46 M40 A1 A 4

A 4 A 1 Kilsby A5- Daventry 4 4 2 0 A 4 A St A 4 4 8 1 Banbury - Chipping Norton A44 4 A Warwick A 2 4 A1 Edmunds W ALE S 3 425 8 1 4 A 3 A41 A 4 4 89 4 Northampton Neots A 0

0 25 12 Leominster 5 A A A4 0 9 Daventry A4 14 A1

A4 4 6 Newmarket

4 2 Plans: Quality Assurance Guide prior to processing. A

2 45 A428 A1303 Worcester 42 4 A4 A A 2 A1 A A5 8 1 A

4 2 6 A A 4 A 4 1 4 2 4 2

4 3 Cambridgeshire CC

A 1 1 5 Cambridge 3

1 A 3 8 1 1 7 1 3 4 A 0 3 0 0 1

0 Stratford- Bedford 9 A1 A A 5 6 9 1 M40 9

A4 A44 A361 M1 8 A M11 A 4 A 4 Stowe cum Quy - Newmarket 80 A upon-Avon 71 422 A A1 A10 Ipswich A 6 30 Bypass A 3 A 0 7 4 9 4 A Sudbury 3 9 5 6 0 5 8 4 Evesham 2 A 50 A A 4 A 4 Banbury A 1 14 A 0 A438 A 1 6 7 A 2 Hereford 4 4 Royston 1 4 1 1 A A 0 1 Buckingham 3 3 A Milton Keynes 1 7 Felixstowe Where necessary, local authorities provided more accurate traffic volumes, pedestrian and 9 421 A505 1 4 4 A 6 3 5 44 3 A A 1 6 A 4 A4 A A 4 4 A 38 A A 9 M50 5 1 A5 M1 0 2 A 5 0 4 A M11 20 1 Stevenage 20 A1 Harwich A4 3 A120 A1 Cheltenham A 0 A 8 Luton 12 A40 9 4 1 A Slough BC A 1 4 A 4 1 40 2 41 Colchester 4 6 A 0 3 cyclist flows, and operating speeds to be included in the data file. 1 A 3 Bicester 1 Braintree 3 A1(M) 3 A A 5 A 1 2 GloucesterA 5 A 1 Bath Road M4 J7- M4 J5 9 4 A41 4 0 A 4 St A414 414 1 A A 6 6 A3 3 7 4 1 3 A M40 Clacton- A4 A A 40 A Aylesbury 4 Albans 0 Chelmsford 4 0 1 Harlow

1 9 A A4 1 2 3 A 7 4 on-Sea 4 A 1 414 A126 A 5 A A 8 4 2 0 4 A4 M5 1 A 0 A130 Cirencester 4 A Thurrock Council Oxford 0 1 M25 A419 9 A 20 0 A4173 8 41 7 A4 2 Watford 3 High 3

A A M11 1.3.3 Supporting data A M1 Lakeside A13- Tilbury 9 4 Gloucestershire CC 1 A361 Wycombe 2 9 M48 4 A A4 Basildon A12 A 4 M40 7 33 17 Gloucester A38 - Pitchcombe 4 20 127 M4 6 A 4 A4155 A 4 Swindon A Romford

A46 A A4 A M25 Southend-on-Sea A 1 3 8 7 40 Maidenhead A1 3 M49 3 7 M25 0 4 M4 3 4

A

M4M4 A40 M32 6 Chippenham 4 M4 Reading LONDON 28 3 M4 2 Margate At an overall project level, three sets of information are required: crash data, economic A Sheerness Buckinghamshire CC A A371 Bristol A4

M5 A4 A4 Bracknell Dartford 0 7 7 A 8 Stokenchurch M40 - West 3 4 2 North Somerset Council A 2 Rochester 2 Ramsgate 8 2 A 28 A A Wycombe 3 Newbury 3 A 2 Weston-super-Mare A A3 M25 A M2 Bath Weston-super-Mare A370 - 6 A M3 A 3 9 A371 3 3 M20 4 3 Canterbury

3 A M26 2 A290 A 4

0 parameters and countermeasure costs. The Road Safety Foundation team requested crash

Banwell A 3 8 26 A 4 2 Woking A 2 A371 A Maidstone A

A35 M25 2 Kent CC 5 2 2 Sevenoaks A2 A

5 5 Basingstoke Dorking A2 1 8 3 2 A3123 Shepton A 2 6 A 25 7 4 A Andover Farnham A M20 Canterbury A28 - 61 Warminster 3 A Mallet A 3 2 Royal 0 Guildford 2

Devon CC A3 2 M23 Seasalter A229 A 4

A39 3 0 0 1 3 6

A 6 A3 3 3 2 data from the local authorities for the most recent 3–5 years. These were used to calibrate

1 A3123 A 9 A A A303 A Tunbridge 8 Ashford 3 2 A 6 3 9 36 0 262 A Dover Mullacott Cross A361- A399 3 9 9 3 A

3 A M3 A A 9 Bridgwater 1 Wells

A A 2 A20 36 A A 2 A 3 Crawley 0 3 2 3 A 4 2 1 7 Barnstaple A A31 8 A A Folkestone 3 Street 7 Salisbury 30 1 2 0 A252 M5 A 2 6

5 3

2 8 A 0 Winchester A A 3 A2

Bideford 6 5 Horsham 0 2 A 3 3 2 2 9 A A3 27 4 6 Kent CC 3 the FSI estimation. Economic parameters were set by the DfT, and the iRAP system used 6 A A 8 1 3 Taunton 272 A272 A 0 A A3058 3 9 A 9 5 5 A 2 Charing A20 - Chilham A28 38 A 3 Petersfield 26 9 A 0 A2 A 2 A

3 4 3 A272 8 Cornwall Council 3 A A2 3 5 6 1 5 A 36 A A272 A 3 8 A A 8 2 Yeovil A 2 5 2 3 8

1 A 8 0 3 2 6 Quintrell Downs - Summercourt 8 6 A3 A A A 2 8 Blandford 2 2 A 3 countermeasure costs adapted from other projects in the UK. Local authorities provided 3 3 7

A Tiverton A2 9 A30 A A 3 A Southampton M27 A3(M) 25 7 3 Forum A27 Lewes A 7 7 A27 A217 A3072 A30 A A A Fareham Hastings A 1 3 35 3 3 3 5 A A27 0 6 0 A 59 A27 Surrey CC 5 Ringwood 2 6 3 A A35 6 2 4 2

M5 0 1 Brighton 9 3 A35 A3 3 A Reigate A25 - Gatwick A23 accurate countermeasure costs in their applications to the Safer Roads Fund, rather than A A30 Portsmouth Bognor 52 A30 A35 A35 Poole Regis A3071 Exeter A3 Bridport Dorchester 95 0 A BournemouthA3054 3 A285 Cornwall Council A 38 6 2 8 3 A West Sussex CC

A 3 using the generic estimated costs in the iRAP system.

St Just - Penzance A30 Launceston 0 8 8 9 0 55 3 8 A3 8 Exmouth Isle of Wight A 3 A3 Weymouth Petworth A272 - Boxgrove A27 A 30 A Tavistock A379 Bodmin 390 A38 A A 385 Torquay Newquay 0 0 38 A A3 39 A3 A 92 A38 1 Paignton A 1 A36 A32 A27 5 3058 2 8 7 1 3 0 3 A 3 A Hampshire CC Hampshire CC Hampshire CC / A Plymouth A3121 30 A39 St Austell 9 Portsmouth CityC A 7 3 A Devon CC Wigley A36 - Totton A35 Fareham A27- Gosport

8 Fareham - Cosham M275 Truro 7 0 3 Ermington A379 - Wrangaton A39 A 3 30 A38 A3071 A A394 Falmouth A3Penzance0 A

3

0

8

3

3 http://downloads.irap.org/docs/RAP-SR-2–2_Star_Rating_coding_manual-left.pdf 4 http://downloads.irap.org/docs/RAP-SR-2–4_QA_Guide.pdf

© Road Safety Foundation 2018. Digital Map Data © Collins Bartholomew Ltd 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018. The Foundation is indebted to the Department for Transport (DfT) for allowing use of data in creating the map. This work has been financially supported by Ageas. Crash information is for 2012-2014. Traffic data is the average for 2012-2014 weighted by section length with. local corrections where appropriate. The roads shown are based on the 2013 network. Sponsored by Prepared under licence from EuroRAP AISBL using Risk Bands 2020 protocols © Copyright EuroRAP AISBL. Ageas This map may not be reproduced without the consent of the Road Safety Foundation. www.racfoundation.org 4 1.3.4 Analysis and preliminary generation of a Safer Roads Investment Plan

Once the coding was complete and background data available, the initial Star Rating results and SRIP were generated using the iRAP analysis tools.

Star Ratings are based on road attribute data (information about the geometry and layout of the road such as lane width, junction type, presence and distance to roadside obstacles) and provide a simple and objective measure of the level of safety built into the roads, for each of four types of road user: vehicle occupants, motorcyclists, pedestrians and cyclists. The Star Ratings reflect risk contributed by each of the road attributes, which are coded – the higher the risk, the lower the rating. The risk is calculated on the basis of research evidence on crash modification factors that describes relationships between road attributes and crash risk. More about the model can be found on the iRAP website5. Star Rating information can be viewed using charts, tables and maps.

SRIPs identify ways in which FSIs can be prevented in a cost-effective way. ViDA calculates the casualty reduction expected from around 90 countermeasures (treatments designed to improve safety such as crash barriers, central cross-hatching and shoulder rumble strips also known as raised rib lines). It does this every 100m along an inspected road, comparing the data against the cost of implementing the treatment, to produce an economic appraisal. The output is an SRIP, which can be interrogated at the individual section, regional or national level to assess the appropriateness and effectiveness of individual options for improvement. These can be refined to allow economic appraisal of a locally acceptable treatment programme. The appraisal period is normally twenty years, allowing the cost of implementing each measure to be evaluated against the expected casualty savings over the same time period. ViDA provides present values (PVs) and benefit:cost ratios (BCRs) for appraisal of each proposed countermeasure. The information presented in ViDA is shown in Figure 1.1.

5 http://irap.org/en/about-irap-3/methodology

5 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 6 Figure 1.1: Sample Safer Roads Investment Plan

Safer Roads Investment Plan ? Currency: £ – Analysis period: 20 years

Total fatal and serious Total present values of safety benefits Estimated cost Cost per fatal and serious Programme injuries saved injury saved benefit:cost ratio

13 3,640,558 £1,722,378 £134,543 2

Countermeasures Length / Sites Fatal and serious Present value of Estimated cost Cost per fatal and Programme injuries saved safety benefit serious injury saved benefit:cost ratio

Delineation and signing (intersection) 7 sites 3 805,416 £93,294 £32,939 9

Roadside barriers - passenger side 2.90 km 2 505,999 £368,323 £206,991 1

Roadside barriers - driver side 3.10 km 2 548,004 £393,725 £204,306 1

Shoulder rumble strips 6.60 km 2 653,881 £95.498 £41,531 7

Improve delineation 1.100 km 1 184,964 £29,321 £45,078 6

Protected turn lane (unsignalised 3 leg) 2 sites 1 311,577 £324,124 £295,814 1

Shoulder sealing passenger side (>1m) 2.10 km 1 152,355 £147,584 £275,457 1

Street lighting (mid-block) 0.90 km 1 250,672 £121,928 £138,316 2

Improve curve delineation 0.10 km 0 12,084 £2,665 £62,719 5

Shoulder sealing driver side (>1m) 1.60 km 0 123,983 £112,445 £257,899 1

Wide centreline 5.90 km 0 91,623 £33,471 £103,880 3

Total 13 3,640,558 £1,722,378 £134,534 2

Source: ViDA by iRAP Clicking on one of the treatments in the SRIP in ViDA identifies the location where the treatment is suggested (Figure 1.2) and provides the economic details of the treatment at each 100m segment. This assists engineers in determining appropriate countermeasures along a route.

Figure 1.2: Location of recommended shoulder rumble strips

Safer Roads Investment Plan ? Currency: £ – Analysis period: 20 years Shoulder rumble strips More info x Total fatal and serious Total present values of safety benefits Estimated cost Cost per fatal and serious Programme injuries saved injury saved benefit:cost ratio

13 Map Satellite 3,640,558 ShoulderLode rumble strips £1,722,378x £134,543 2 Road name: A1303 Swaffham Anglesey Abbey Section: Newmarket Road Bulbeck Countermeasures Length / Sites FatalDistance: and serious 2.9 km Present value of Estimated cost Cost per fatal and Programme injuriesEstimated saved programmesafety details benefit serious injury saved benefit:cost ratio Cost: £1,446.94 Delineation and signing (intersection) 7 sites 3 805,416 £93,294 £32,939 9 Fatal and serious injuries saved: 0.027687 Roadside barriers - passenger side 2.90 km Cost per fatal and2 serious 505,999 £368,323 £206,991 1 injury saved: £52,261.39 Roadside barriers - driver side Stow cum3.10 Quy km benefit:cost Bottishamratio:2 4.09 548,004 £393,725 £204,306 1

Shoulder rumble strips 6.60 km 2 653,881 £95.498 £41,531 7

Improve delineation 1.100 km 1 184,964 £29,321 £45,078 6

Protected turn lane (unsignalised 3 leg) 2 sites 1 311,577 £324,124 £295,814 1

Shoulder sealing passenger side (>1m) 2.10 km 1 152,355 £147,584 £275,457 1 Little Street lighting (mid-block) 0.90 km Wilbraham1 250,672 £121,928 £138,316 2

Improve curve delineation 0.10 km 0 12,084 £2,665 £62,719 5

Shoulder sealing driver side (>1m) 1.60 km 0 123,983 £112,445 £257,899 1 Great Wilbraham Wide centreline 5.90 km 0 91,623 £33,471 £103,880 3

Total 13 3,640,558 £1,722,378 £134,534 2

Source: Screenshot from ViDA by iRAP

5 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 6 The iRAP tools support users in understanding risk along a section as it highlights where the risk of FSI is high. Each countermeasure proposed in the SRIP is supported by strong evidence that, if implemented, it will prevent FSI in a cost-effective way, that is it is anticipated that the treatments will provide more societal benefit than it costs to construct and maintain the feature. Nevertheless, the SRIP should be regarded as a recommendation for further investigation and must be subject to additional prioritisation, concept planning and detailed design before implementation. All draft SRIPs were reviewed and sense checked by the Road Safety Foundation team ahead of the training.

1.3.5 Capacity building

A key component of the Safer Roads Fund initiative was to build capacity and skills within local authority teams to embed proactive approaches to road safety in practice. Five training courses of one day each were held, to which 75 professionals attended. Training provided:

• an introduction to taking a proactive ‘risk management’ approach; • an introduction to road inspections and coding; • in-depth information on how to use ViDA; • an overview of how to refine ViDA results for use in the DfT Safer Roads Fund application form; and • the opportunity to view and manipulate survey results for the first time.

Road Safety Foundation also provided ad hoc support to local authority teams, where necessary, to support them in the development of proposals and in using the ViDA software. It has also adopted a collaborative approach to skill development.

In addition, a briefing was held at the House of Lords on 2 March 2017 for senior authority representatives from the pathfinder group, hosted by Lord Whitty (Road Safety Foundation chairman). At this briefing, the Road Safety Foundation and the Parliamentary Under Secretary for Transport gave a briefing about the DfT Safer Roads Fund and the pathfinder project.

1.3.6 Development of a User-Defined Investment Plan

The iRAP methodology was originally developed to enable network-wide assessments, utilised by investors or national authorities, to assess levels of required investment for large-scale national programmes. Although regional roads have been assessed many times before, the pathfinder project and subsequent project to inspect the top 50 high-risk local A-roads in England applied the iRAP methodology in a slightly new way. In it, road sections were pre-selected based on their historical performance and then investigated in detail, taking the initial SRIPs and refining these to be suitable for application to the DfT’s Safer Roads Fund. In order to allow greater refinement, the Road Safety Foundation developed a process to allow local authority engineers to model a User-Defined Investment Plan (UDIP).

When developing UDIPs, the local authorities were able to use the results from ViDA and the SRIP as a guide to consider the risk profile along the road, and how risk might be reduced. Not every measure from a SRIP was locally appropriate or indeed the most suitable treatment; however, the measures within the plan indicated where there was significant risk that could be addressed through implementation of a measure, and that the economic case

7 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 8 could be made for this. Therefore, local authorities were able to select measures that were aimed at reducing the same risk, and then model the impact of these measures.

7 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 8 2. Results

Proposals for 49 of the 50 eligible sections were submitted to the DfT; Northamptonshire County Council did not submit a proposal as extensive works had been completed on the road section identified prior to the announcement of the Safer Roads Fund.

Information on each of the 49 proposals6 is presented in Tables 2.1 to 2.48, with corresponding maps of the road sections. This information has been sourced from the Ministerial written statement to Parliament Road safety: recent progress and future work7, from individual local authorities and from the proposals submitted to DfT available at the links provided in each table. Some of the information in the proposals submitted to DfT by local authorities has been superseded by discussions between DfT and the local authorities and in the Ministerial statement.

The Road Safety Foundation supported the submissions for 42 of the proposals through training, collaborative working and assistance with modelling the safety benefits.

Economic parameters were specified by the DfT.8 Overall, the schemes that will be implemented between 2018 and 2021 have a combined capital cost of nearly £100 million. Together, these schemes are estimated to prevent almost 1,450 FSIs over the next twenty years. The PV of the benefit of fatal, serious and slight injuries across the schemes is estimated to be £550 million.9 The

6 Two proposals for adjacent sections of the A529 in Shropshire (Table 2.42) have now been combined into a single proposal. 7 https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/road-safety-recent-progress-and-future-work 8 The parameters used in the economic analyses varied for Round 1 proposals; for Round 2 proposals, a discount rate of 3.5% was used in conjunction with 2017 prices. Further information can be found by reviewing each proposal. 9 All proposals used the value of prevention of fatal and serious injuries as defined by DfT for 2016 or 2017 (for Rounds 1 and 2 proposals, respectively) to calculate the value of prevention of crashes.

9 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 10 overall cost of capital works, operation and maintenance is estimated to be £125 million.10 The overall portfolio BCR is therefore 4.4. This means that, for every £1 spent, the value of prevention is £4.40.

135 new or 10 miles of new or 20 miles of new improved pedestrian improved footpaths or improved crossings cycle facilities

225 improved 290 miles of 90 miles of cleared or junctions improved shoulders protected roadsides

50

90 miles of improved 300 improved bends 150 miles of improved visibility and signing speed limits, enforcement and traffic calming

80 miles of improved 70 miles of improved medians road surfaces

10 The economic cost included capital implementation, maintenance and those of operation profiled over a 20-year period.

9 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 10 B4 44 9 5 00 B4

A 4 0 1 Chinnor 0

Loosley Row

Speen Lacey Green

Crowell Hill

Walter's Ash Radnage Bledlow Ridge

Bradenham

The City

A 4 0 1 Stokenchurch 0

A40

Beacon's Bottom B 4

8 2 2 A40

A40 Piddington M40 Ibstone

Cadmore End Countermeasures

Safer roadsides B 482 Safer pedestrians Lane End and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Fingest Safer medians

Safer speeds Turville Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions Frieth Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi Skirmett

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Chisbridge Cross Table 2.1: A40 – Buckinghamshire County Council

Capital investment £999,000

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 14.4

Present value of prevention (20 years) £2,666,840

Cost (20 years) £663,992

Benefit:cost ratio 4.0

Link to local authority proposal www.buckscc.gov.uk/media/4508738/dft-safer-roads-fund-application-buckinghamshire-cc.pdf

11 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 12 Upper Denby A 62 9 5 1 1 6 B

Ingbirchworth

A 629 Hoylandswaine

Crow Edge A 8 6 2 2 A6 9

B 6106 Thurlstone

PENISTONE

A

6

1

6

8 2 6 A

A628

A616 Langsett

Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians Upper and cyclists Midhope Midhopestones A Safer road surfaces 616 and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians B6 088 Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location STOCKSBRIDGE Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Table 2.2: A628 – Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council

Capital investment £1,400,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 10.2

Present value of prevention (20 years) £4,118,576

Cost (20 years) £1,405,629

Benefit:cost ratio 2.9

Link to local authority proposal www.barnsley.gov.uk/media/7302/redacted-version-v4-dft-safer-roads-fund-application-form-final.pdf

11 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 12 TRAWDEN Oakworth Oakworth 9 2 6 A Oldfield Cross Roads Stanbury

Haworth

A 6 2 9

3 3 60 A Oxenhope

Leeming

B 6141

3 3 0 6 A

Pecket Well

Slack Wainstalls Heptonstall Blackshaw Head HEBDEN Mytholm BRIDGE Mount Tabor

Midgley

Lydgate 6 A64 Luddenden 4 6 6 A Eastwood Mytholmroyd A6 46

Countermeasures Clough Safer roadsides Foot Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces A681 Mankinholes and lanesSowerby Safer visibility and Cragg Vale markings Safer medians

Safer speedsTriangle Walsden 8 Safer bends 3 road section / location 1 6 Cotton B StonesSafer junctions Mill ScaleBank Lighthazles0 0.5 1.0 mi A 6 0 0.75 1.5 km 03 3 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright Warland and database right 2018

Table 2.3: A6033 (North)Summit – Calderdale Metropolitan BoroughA 5Council8

Capital investment £1,432,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 40.6

Present value of prevention (20 years) £16,393,546

Cost (20 years) £1,566,581

Benefit:cost ratio 10.5

Link to local authority proposal www.calderdale.gov.uk/v2/sites/default/files/Annex-c-dft-safer-roads-fund-application-form-a6033n_0.pdf

Table 2.4: A6033 (South) – Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council

Capital investment £899,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 10.3

Present value of prevention (20 years) £4,158,954

Cost (20 years) £1,143,617

Benefit:cost ratio 3.6

Link to local authority proposal www.calderdale.gov.uk/v2/sites/default/files/Annex-c-dft-safer-roads-fund-application-form-a6033s.pdf

13 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 14 2 10 B1

Swaffham Prior

Commercial End

Swaffham Lode Bulbeck

2 0 4 1 1 1 A B

Bottisham Stow cum Quy

1303 A A1303

A14 A14

Little Wilbraham

1

1

A 4 0 3 1 A

Great Wilbraham CountermeasuSix Mileres Bottom

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces Fulbourn and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi Lark Hall 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 1 Contains OS data © Crown copyright A1 and database right 2018

Table 2.5: A1303 – Cambridgeshire County Council 11

Capital investment £1,447,46911

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 10.9

Present value of prevention (20 years) £3,105,511

Cost (20 years) £1,220,812

Benefit:cost ratio 2.5

Link to local authority proposal www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/transport-funding-bids-and-studies/transport-funding-bids

11 £1,302,000 from DfT; the remainder from Cambridgeshire County Council 11 £1,302,000 from DfT; the remainder from Cambridgeshire County Council

13 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 14 4

3

5

A

Bradfield Green

4 B5076 53 A Coppenhall

6

7

0

5

B

CREWE A532

A 32 50 4 5 78 3 A 5 A

4

3 2

5 3 A 5

A

A

5

0

7

8

Wistaston Green

534 0 A 2 A 0 53 5 2 A

Countermeasures

Safer roadsides B

5

0 Safer pedestrians 7 and cyclists 1 Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Wistaston Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions 34 A5 Scale A500 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 mi 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018

1 1 7 7 Contains OS data © Crown copyright 0 and database right 2018

5

B

A500 Table 2.6: A532Willaston – Cheshire East Council

Capital investment £1,030,500

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 4.0

Present value of prevention (20 years) £2,333,937

Cost (20 years) £849,828

Benefit:cost ratio 2.7

Link to local authority proposal www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/highways_and_roads/roadworks/major-projects/a532-safer-road/a532- safer-roads-fund-bid-april-2017.aspx

15 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 16 B 5 A 0 5 87 2 470 3 B5 Hurdsfield Henbury A537 MACCLESFIELD A 537 Broken Cross 8 8 0

5

B

B5392 6 3 5 A Sutton Lane Ends

Lyme Warren Green

3

2

Gawsworth 5

A A

Oakgrove

Highlane Marton

North Rode

Rodeheath A 5 A54 A 2 3 3 4 6 53 Countermeasures A BosleySafer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Eaton Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians 54 A Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

4 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 A3 Key Green Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

CONGLETON Table 2.7: A536 – Cheshire East Council

Capital investment £2,310,000

Start – Finish 2020–1

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 7.7

Present value of prevention (20 years) £15,296,640

Cost (20 years) £3,205,556

Benefit:cost ratio 4.8

Link to local authority proposal www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/highways_and_roads/roadworks/major-projects/a536-safer-roads-fund-bid.aspx

15 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 16 Whaley Adlington Bridge

Kettleshulme

Taxal

Pott Shrigley

0 7 4 5 Fernilee B

90 50 B A 5 BOLLINGTON 0 0 4

Kerridge

A 5

2 3 Rainow 8

3

5

A Brookhouse Tytherington 70 B54

Hurdsfield A537 MACCLESFIELD

A5 37

Cat & Fiddle Macclesfield Langley Forest 4 A5 Sutton Lyme Lane Green Ends

Oakgrove Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians 3

2 and cyclists 5 Wildboarclough A 4 Safer road surfaces A5 and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions Flash 4 5 A Allgreave Scale Burntcliff 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 mi

Top 0 0.5 1 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Wincle Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 Bosley Danebridge Table 2.8: A537 – Cheshire East Council

Capital investment £2,490,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 21.5

Present value of prevention (20 years) £36,769,478

Cost (20 years) £3,133,777

Benefit:cost ratio 11.7

Link to local authority proposal www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/highways_and_roads/roadworks/major-projects/a537-safer-roads-fund-bid.aspx

17 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 18 A 3 0 Colan Trebudannon 58

Quintrell A392 Downs Mountjoy A392

White Cross

Kestle Mill

A

3 0 5 8

A 30 58 St Enoder A30

Summercourt 6 7 0 3 A

Countermeasures Chapel Town Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians 30 and cyclists A A 3 Safer road surfaces 0 and lanes 7 6 Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Mitchell Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km Carland Cross © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 A30 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

9 3

A Table 2.9: A3058 – Cornwall Council

Capital investment £1,160,000

Start – Finish 2020–1

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 13.9

Present value of prevention (20 years) £5,626,297

Cost (20 years) £1,307,481

Benefit:cost ratio 4.3

Link to local authority proposal www.cornwall.gov.uk/media/28645814/dft-safer-roads-fund-application-form-a3058-final.pdf

17 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 18 Zennor

Porthmeor

06 B33

Morvah

Lower Higher Boscaswell Bojewyan Boskednan

Pendeen New Mill Trewellard Great Bosullow 3318 B B 3 3 Carnyorth 18

Botallack

Tregeseal Newbridge

St Just 71 Heamoor 30 A A 3 0 7 1 Tremethick Cross Bosavern

Kelynack

Grumbla Sancreed 0 B A3 3 3 0 6

Brane Drift Tredavoe

Countermeasures Crows-an-wra Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians A30 and cyclists Safer road surfaces Kerris and lanes Paul Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Carn Towan 83 Safer speeds 32 B Safer bends road section / location 15 Safer junctions Sennen B33 Cove Castallack St Buryan Scale 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 mi

0 0.5 1 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 Lamorna

Table 2.10: A3071 – Cornwall Council

Capital investment £1,940,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 16.8

Present value of prevention (20 years) £6,802,918

Cost (20 years) £1,996,349

Benefit:cost ratio 3.4

Link to local authority proposal www.cornwall.gov.uk/media/28645826/dft-safer-roads-fund-application-form-a3071-final.pdf

19 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 20 Mungrisdale PENRITH 86 Berrier A6

8 8 A6 2 6 5 Newbiggin 40 Motherby B Eamont A66 Bridge Penruddock Stainton 6 Yanwath Scales A6 M6 A Troutbeck 92 6 Dacre A5 Hutton Tirril 20 Clifton 53 B Threlkeld A 5 0 9 Pooley 1 Wreay Bridge Matterdale Askham Lowther End Hackthorpe

Watermillock

2 2

2 Helton r

3 e 5 Dockray Whale B t a w 92 s Dowthwaitehead 5 l A l U

Howtown Sandwick

Legburthwaite Martindale Bampton Bampton Grange

Glenridding Dale Head Patterdale Rosgill T h i r

l

m r

e e t r a e Bridgend w s e Hartsop w a

H

A 5 9 1

A

5

9

2

Grasmere

Countermeasures Rydal Chapel Safer roadsides Stile Sadgill Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Elterwater AMBLESIDE Safer visibility and B5 markings 3 Kentmere 4 Skelwith 3 Bridge Safer medians Waterhead Safer speeds Clappersgate Troutbeck Little Safer bends Langdale 93 road section / location A5 A5 9 Town 2 Safer junctions 1 9 End 5

A Scale 0 0.5 1 1.5 mi 86 W 52 i 0 1 2 km B n 6 d Troutbeck A © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 e Bridge Outgate r Contains OS data © Crown copyright High m and database right 2018Garnett Wray e Heaning Bridge r e Ings A59 Hawkshead 1 Staveley Selside B5285 WINDERMERE Table 2.11: A592 – Cumbria County Council

Capital investment £7,440,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 26.5

Present value of prevention (20 years) £5,310,000

Cost (20 years) £8,690,000

Benefit:cost ratio 0.6 Link to local authority proposal Link not available on publication

19 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 20 A 6 2 3

1 00 B6

Baslow

9 A61 Hassop Rowland

A619

12 60 B Pilsley

A 48 60 60 20 B

B

6

0

0 1 19 A6 Edensor

B 6 0 1 2

A6 Countermeasures 8 0 4 Safer roadsides 6

B Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and BAKEWELL markings 5 Safer medians 5 50 B Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 mi A 6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Table 2.12: A619 – Derbyshire County Council

Capital investment £1,179,000

Start – Finish 2018–19

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 33.2

Present value of prevention (20 years) £14,597,586

Cost (20 years) £1,519,750

Benefit:cost ratio 9.6

Link to local authority proposal www.derbyshire.gov.uk/site-elements/documents/pdf/transport-roads/transport-plans/transport- funding-bids/a619-annex-c-dft-safer-roads-fund-application-form-and-appendices.pdf

21 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 22

Ashford 9

9 Edensor 1

in the Water 1

6 6

A B 6 A6 0 1 2 Sheldon BAKEWELL

Beeley 055 B5

Monyash Over Haddon A 6 Rowsley

A

6 7 Youlgrave Alport Stanton 505 in Peak Northwood B

B

5

0

5 Stanton Lees Middleton 6 Two Dales

A Birchover 5 1 5 Darley Bridge 2 A 63 6 Upper A 057 Wensley Hackney B5 Elton Winster MATLOCK

Brightgate 50 A615 Biggin Pikehall A 12 A 6 Riber Bonsall

Matlock Grangemill Bath Aldwark 12 Ible 50 A

Cromford A6

Longcliffe 6

3

0

5 5

Alsop en B le Dale Bolehill Ballidon 35 B50 Parwich Brassington WIRKSWORTH A 5 6 5 1 0 5 5 Carsington B Hopton

5 03 Countermeasures Bradbourne B5 Safer roadsides Tissington Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians Kirk Thorpe Kniveton Hognaston Safer speeds Fenny Bentley Ireton Safer bends road section / location Shottle

5 Safer junctions 3 0 Atlow 5 B IdridgehayScale 0 0.5 1 mi Biggin 0 0.5 1 1.5 km

Mapleton © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 Hulland Ward Hulland 5 A 17 Cowers ASHBOURNE Lane Table 2.13: A5012 – Derbyshire County BradleyCouncil

Capital investment £3,079,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 57.5

Present value of prevention (20 years) £14,845,962

Cost (20 years) £4,666,265

Benefit:cost ratio 3.2

Link to local authority proposal www.derbyshire.gov.uk/site-elements/documents/pdf/transport-roads/transport-plans/transport- funding-bids/a5012-annex-c-dft-safer-roads-fund-application-form-and-appendices.pdf

21 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 22 A 6 2 3

1 00 B6

Baslow

9 A61 Hassop Rowland

A619

12 60 B Pilsley

A 48 60 60 20 B

B

6

0

0 1 19 A6 Edensor

B 6 0 1 2

A6 Countermeasures 8 0 4 Safer roadsides 6

B Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and BAKEWELL markings 5 Safer medians 5 50 B Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 mi A 6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Table 2.14: A5004 – Derbyshire County Council

Capital investment £2,540,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 33.2

Present value of prevention (20 years) £15,806,340

Cost (20 years) £4,170,378

Benefit:cost ratio 3.8 Link to local authority proposal www.derbyshire.gov.uk/site-elements/documents/pdf/transport-roads/transport-plans/transport- funding-bids/a5004-annex-c-dft-safer-roads-fund-application-form-and-appendices.pdf

23 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 24 Harford

38 A

Moorhaven Village

Bittaford

3 21 38 B3 A IVYBRIDGE

1 B A312 3 1 9 Ugborough 6 A38

Westlake 21 31 A

Ermington

Countermeasures

Safer roadsides

Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes A Safer visibility and 379 markings Safer medians

Modbury Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi A3 79 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

2 9 3 3 B Table 2.15: A3121 – Devon County Council

Capital investment £1,900,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 23.2

Present value of prevention (20 years) £5,438,820

Cost (20 years) £2,179,415

Benefit:cost ratio 2.5 Link to local authority proposal https://new.devon.gov.uk/roadsandtransport/safe-travel/road-safety/safer-roads/capital-schemes

23 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 24 Bristol Channel

A399

ILFRACOMBE Hele

Berrynarbor Slade

B A3 3 9 2 9

3

0

1 36 A A399 B3343 A3123 B A3123 3 2

2 Trimstone 9

Patchole Kentisbury Ford A39 East Down Arlington Beccott

1 36 A Clifton

B Arlington 3 Countermeasures 2 3 0 Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Halsinger Milltown Safer bendsLoxhore road section / location Muddiford Safer junctions

Scale Lower 0 0.5 Loxhore1 mi Marwood Guineaford Shirwell0 0.5 1 1.5 km Pippacott © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright Kingsheanton 9 and database right 2018 3

A Prixford

Table 2.16: A3123 – Devon County Council

Capital investment £2,200,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 12.0

Present value of prevention (20 years) £3,317,438

Cost (20 years) £2,348,508

Benefit:cost ratio 1.4

Link to local authority proposal https://new.devon.gov.uk/roadsandtransport/safe-travel/road-safety/safer-roads/capital-schemes

25 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 26 B 62 77

Cotherstone

B 62 7 8

Lartington 8 B 68 627 A 7 BARNARD CASTLE A67

Startforth

7 A6

B 6 2 7 7

A67 Boldron

A66 A66 A66

Bowes Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Gilmonby Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Scargill Table 2.17: A67 – Durham County Council

Capital investment £528,000

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 12.0

Present value of prevention (20 years) £1,398,784

Cost (20 years) £646,421

Benefit:cost ratio 2.2

Link to local authority proposal www.durham.gov.uk/media/20518/Safer-Roads-Fund-Application-Form/pdf/ DfTSaferRoadsFundApplicationForm.pdf

25 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 26 Skelton A Laxton 6 Airmyn 1 4 M62 Hook

Saltmarshe Yokefleet 14 36 A6 GOOLE Ousefleet A161 Reedness Whitgift

Swinefleet

A 161

1 Luddington 6 1 A Eastoft B13 92

Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Crowle Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Ealand Safer visibility and A markings 1 61 Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

A18 Scale 0 0.5 1 mi A A18 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 km 6 1 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

M180 2 Derrythorpe Table 2.18: A161 – East Riding of Yorkshire Council and North Lincolnshire Council

Capital investment £3,861,000

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 20.0

Present value of prevention (20 years) £19,750,000

Cost (20 years) £4,910,000

Benefit:cost ratio 4.0

Link to local authority proposal www2.eastriding.gov.uk/EasySiteWeb/GatewayLink.aspx?alId=660118 www.northlincs.gov.uk/EasySiteWeb/GatewayLink.aspx?alId=36895

27 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 28 GLOUCESTER B 40 73 A38

Matson M5

Tuffley 3 Upton 7 0 St Leonards 4

B

A A

4 1 7

8 3 3 A Whaddon

Quedgeley

6 4 A

B 4 0 7 Brookthorpe 3 M5

Haresfield Harescombe

Painswick

6

4 A

A A

4

1 7 3

Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and Pitchcombe markings Slad Stroud Green Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends 6 road section / location 4 A Safer junctions Whiteshill

Scale Randwick 0 0.25 0.5 mi 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Table 2.19: A4173 – Gloucestershire County Council

Capital investment £2,160,000

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 14.0

Present value of prevention (20 years) £4,344,000

Cost (20 years) £2,178,000

Benefit:cost ratio 2.0

Link to local authority proposal https://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/roads-parking-and-rights-of-way/bids/department-for- transport-dft-safer-roads-fund/

27 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 28 Hundred Acres Wickham

B 21 77

North Boarhunt

A A

3

2

Southwick

Boarhunt

B2 17 10 7

M27

11

7 2 A FAREHAM M27 Wallington

Wymering A27 A27 A27 A3

Portchester A27 12

A 3 2 M275 Bridgemary Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists 1 Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location B3 3 Safer junctions 34 A 3 2 2 Scale Hardway 0 0.25 0.5 mi

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Table 2.20: A27 – Hampshire County Council and Portsmouth City Council

Capital investment £920,000

Start – Finish 2017–18; 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 1.3

Present value of prevention (20 years) £722,004

Cost (20 years) £681,000

Benefit:cost ratio 1.1

Link to local authority proposal www.hants.gov.uk/transport/strategies/fundingbids www.portsmouth.gov.uk/ext/documents-external/trv-safer-roads-fund-pcc-a27-bid.pdf

29 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 30 M27 10

A 3 11 2

7 2 A M27 FAREHAM Wallington

A27 A27 A27 Portchester

A 32

5 8 3

3

B Bridgemary

B A 33 3 34 2

5 8 Hardway 3 3 B Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions A32

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 B3333 GOSPORT Lee-on-the-Solent

Table 2.21: A32 – Hampshire County Council

Capital investment £1,730,000

Start – Finish 2017–18; 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 2.3

Present value of prevention (20 years) £1,304,216

Cost (20 years) £1,729,916

Benefit:cost ratio 0.8

Link to local authority proposal www.hants.gov.uk/transport/strategies/fundingbids

29 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 30 A 3 0 5 7

0 9 0 3 A

A 36 Lee

Upton

6 3 A Ower 2 M27 3

M27 M271

31 A A 3 6

1

Calmore Testwood

6 Winsor 2 A 3 3 A 6

A33

A 36 TOTTON A336 Countermeasures

Netley Safer roadsides A336 Marsh 35 Safer pedestrians A and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians A 3 2 6 Safer speeds Safer bends road section / locationEling Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi Woodlands A 326 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

5 A3 Table 2.22: A36 – Hampshire County Council

Capital investment £748,000

Start – Finish 2017–18; 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 3.9

Present value of prevention (20 years) £1,589,964

Cost (20 years) £748,245

Benefit:cost ratio 2.1

Link to local authority proposal www.hants.gov.uk/transport/strategies/fundingbids

31 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 32 5 4 0 2 299 A2 B A Dargate Goodnestone A2

7 M2 6 Whitehill Boughton Street Dunkirk A2

Painter's North Street Forstal Newnham Oversland

Eastling Selling

Throwley

Old Wives A Lees 2

5

1 Shottenden 8 A2 Chilham 52 Stalisfield A2 Green

Molash

A252 Challock Godmersham A 20

Bilting Charing Crundale 8 2 A Olantigh

Boughton Westwell Aluph Leacon Westwell Countermeasures Boughton Safer roadsides Lees 1 WyeSafer pedestrians 5 and cyclists 2 A Safer road surfaces Ram and lanes Lane Safer visibility and 8 markings Little Chart 2 A M20 Safer medians Kennington A20 Safer speeds Hothfield Safer bends road section / location Potters Safer junctions Corner Brook 9 Scale 0 0.5 1.0 mi

0 0.75 1.5 km A 2 0 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 7 0 Contains OS data © Crown copyright ASHFORD and database right 2018 8 2 A A 290 Hinxhill Great Chart Table 2.23: A252 – Kent County Council

Capital investment £2,146,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 27.2

Present value of prevention (20 years) £11,035,113

Cost (20 years) £2,623,389

Benefit:cost ratio 4.2

Link to local authority proposal www.kent.gov.uk/about-the-council/strategies-and-policies/transport-and-highways-policies/ transport-and-highways-funding/safer-roads-fund-25-million-in-201718#tab-1

31 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 32 WHITSTABLE A299

5 0

0 2

9 2 Chestfield 9 B 2 A

Seasalter

9 A29

Clapham Hill 9 9 2 A

Yorkletts

Pean Hill

A 2 9 0

Honey Hill

Tyler Hill Blean

A Rough 29 Common 0 Hales Place Countermeasures 28 SaferA2 roadsides A Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces 2050 and lanes A Safer visibility and Harbledown markings Safer medians

Safer speeds 257 Safer bends A road section / location A2 Safer junctions CANTERBURY Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi 8 A 2 2 A 0 5 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km 0

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 28 A Thanington Chartham Hatch A 2 Table 2.24: A290 – Kent County Council

Capital investment £1,501,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 30.4

Present value of prevention (20 years) £11,818,208

Cost (20 years) £1,758,388

Benefit:cost ratio 6.7

Link to local authority proposal www.kent.gov.uk/about-the-council/strategies-and-policies/transport-and-highways-policies/ transport-and-highways-funding/safer-roads-fund-25-million-in-201718#tab-2

33 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 34 A Airton Calton 65

Long Gill Long Preston

Otterburn

B6251 Wigglesworth A 6 Bell Busk 82 Hellifield

A65 Coniston Cold

Halton West

Nappa Bank Newton

Paythorne 82 A6 Newsholme East Marton West Marton Horton 9 A5

Bolton-by- Holden Bowland 6 A5 Thornton-in- Gisburn Bracewell B6 251

A59

Sawley A6 Rimington 8 Newby 2 Salterforth

B 6 2 B Kelbrook 5 6 1 3 83 CountermeasuDownham res

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Greystone 6 5 Safer road surfaces A and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians Foulridge Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Blacko Safer junctions

A Scale 6 Laneshaw 8 0 0.5 1.0 mi 2 Bridge 0 0.75 1.5 km Barley Roughlee 8 A6068 606 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 A Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

B

6 2 5 Barrowford M65 6 0 A5 Table 2.25: A682 – Lancashire County Council and North Yorkshire CountyTRA WDENCouncil

Capital investment £1,065,000

Start – Finish 2018–19

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 25.5

Present value of prevention (20 years) £9,653,372

Cost (20 years) £2,138,908

Benefit:cost ratio 4.5

Link to local authority proposal www.lancashire.gov.uk/media/902548/a682-lcc-safer-roads-funding-bid.pdf www.lancashire.gov.uk/media/902549/a682-nycc-safer-roads-funding-bid.pdf

33 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 34 9 8 9 5 8 A 5

A Williamson Park HEYSHAM LANCASTER 83 A6 Aldcliffe Heaton Scotforth

Middleton Stodday M6

A Overton 6

8 8 5 A

Glasson B 5290 Conder Green Galgate Lower Thurnham

Thurnham 33

Cockerham

Braides Forton

A

6 88 A5 B Lane 5 2

7 2 Scorton Knott End- on-Sea Pilling

B5 Stake Pool 27 0 M6

Garstang Countermeasures

Nateby Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians 8 Bowgreaveand cyclists 8 5 Safer road surfaces Staynall A and lanes Safer visibility and markings ChurchtownSafer medians Safer speeds Hambleton Safer bendsCatterall THORNTON road section / location Out Safer junctions B 5 Rawcliffe 4 St Michael's 1 Ratten Row 2 Whin on Wyre Scale A5 Lane End 0 0.5 1 mi 85 Little 0 0.5 1 1.5 km Eccleston 6 58 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 A Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 Myerscough POULTON-LE- A 5 FYLDE 8 586 5 Table 2.26:A A588 – Lancashire County Council

Capital investment £1,904,000

Start – Finish 2018–19

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 150.6

Present value of prevention (20 years) £53,690,132

Cost (20 years) £4,736,463

Benefit:cost ratio 11.3

Link to local authority proposal www.lancashire.gov.uk/media/902547/a588-lcc-safer-roads-funding-bid.pdf

35 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 36 Milnthorpe Lupton B 2 6 528 Farleton 2 B 5 4 A 6 8 3 B 6 3 A Kearstwick 8 65 4 Beetham Storth Casterton KIRKBY LONSDALE Holme

Hutton Roof Biggins A Clawthorpe 65

A

6

Burton- 3

8

in-Kendal 6

Whittington A Yealand M6 Redmayne 0 7 0 4 6 Silverdale 5 A 2 6 Nether B Burrow Yealand Newton Priest Hutton Tunstall Borwick Cantsfield

Warton A 687

Arkholme Capernwray

Melling 3 35 8 Over 6 A Wennington Kellet 54 Gressingham B62

A6 Tatham

0 8

4

6

Hornby B Bolton-le- Nether Mill Sands Kellet Houses

Aughton Farleton Wray 5 10 A5

Hest Bank 3 68 Claughton A Slyne Halton

Caton Brookhouse Countermeasures

6 34

A 3 Safer roadsides 68 A Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes SaferSalter visibility and Crossgill markings Safer medians Williamson Park Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location LANCASTER Safer junctions M6 Scale Aldcliffe Quernmore 0 0.5 1 mi Scotforth 0 0.5 1 1.5 km

8 8 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 5 A Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

6

A Stodday Brow Top Table 2.27: A683 – Lancashire County Council

Capital investment £3,110,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 113.9

Present value of prevention (20 years) £40,271,214

Cost (20 years) £7,368,483

Benefit:cost ratio 5.5

Link to local authority proposal www.lancashire.gov.uk/media/902550/a683-lcc-safer-roads-funding-bid.pdf

35 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 36 A 6 3 8 5273 A 6 B 589 A

3 8 6 A

A 6 Williamson Park

LANCASTER M6

Aldcliffe Scotforth

8 8 A 5 6 A

Stodday

A Conder 6 Countermeasures Green B5290 Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Galgate Safer road surfaces and lanes 8 8 Safer visibility and 5 markings A M6 Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends Lower road section / location Thurnham Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi Thurnham 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km 33 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

A

6 Table 2.28: A6 – Lancashire County Council

Capital investment £1,216,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 46.5

Present value of prevention (20 years) £26,870,197

Cost (20 years) £3,398,662

Benefit:cost ratio 7.9

Link to local authority proposal www.lancashire.gov.uk/media/902545/a6-lcc-safer-roads-funding-bid.pdf

37 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 38 A Hutton 6 B

5 2 5 BAMBER 4 A5 BRIDGE 82 New Longton Longton

A582 29 Farington 1a M65 29 1

Walmer A

5

Bridge 0 8 3 9 M6 A5 Hesketh Bank 3 5 Midge Hall 2 5 B 6 Much Hoole B52 25 56 B 5 Becconsall 28 Clayton-le- Woods LEYLAND 8 B524

Tarleton Bretherton

A

3 4

5 9

2 B A565 B 5 5 B 2 4 7

81 Sollom Croston A5 A581 Euxton

A 5 81

A 5 Eccleston 9

B5246

Charnock Richard Rufford Heskin Green A 49

Mawdesley B 5 Countermeasures 2 5 0 M6 1 Safer roadsides Coppull 5 B5 2 Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings B5 2 Safer medians 4 6 Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.5 1 mi

0 0.5 1 1.5 km Parbold © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 A5209 Shevington Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 27 Moor B 5 STANDISH 3 Appley A 7 52 Newburgh 5 Bridge 09 Table 2.29: A581 – Lancashire County Council

Capital investment £1,263,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 42.6

Present value of prevention (20 years) £16,310,921

Cost (20 years) £3,277,829

Benefit:cost ratio 5.0

Link to local authority proposal www.lancashire.gov.uk/media/902546/a581-lcc-safer-roads-funding-bid.pdf

37 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 38 Bonby A1077

1 Ulceby 121 A B

1

5

Worlaby 0 B 18 1

B A 21 1 1 2 0 4 Croxton Elsham 6 0 2 1 B B 10 5 Melton 8 12 Ross A1

Barnetby 8 A 1 le Wold 1 A 8 M180

A1084 Bigby A18 BRIGG

Searby

A1 08 Grasby 4

Howsham

Cadney

3 17 A1 ow B 14 3 4

North A46 Kelsey Caistor

B1205 NettletonCountermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces Moortown and lanes

Safer visibility and B

markings 1

2 South Safer medians 2 Kelsey 5 Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location B Holton le Moor 1 4 Safer junctions 5 3 B120 4

Scale 6 4 0 0.5 1.0 mi Brandy A

Wharf 0 0.75 1.5 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Thornton le Moor Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Normanby le Wold Table 2.30: A1084 – Lincolnshire County Council and North Lincolnshire Council

Capital investment £1,245,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 20.3

Present value of prevention (20 years) £8,683,340

Cost (20 years) £1,979,031

Benefit:cost ratio 4.4

Link to local authority proposal www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/transport-and-roads/major-projects/a1084/a631-safer-roads-fund-improvements

39 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 40 Rothwell East Moortown 6 4 Ravendale A B Croxby 1 4 North B1205 3 4 Holton le Moor Thorganby Thoresby A 1 8 Thoresway Thornton le Moor Brookenby Ludborough A 3 Covenham St 4 0 6 A 2 Bartholomew 1 1 North B B 6 1 Owersby 2 2 Covenham Claxby 5 St Mary Osgodby Kingerby Kirmond Kirkby Walesby le Mire A1103 Bishopbridge North B1203 Tealby Elkington A631 A631 Middle MARKET Rasen A631 A6 RASEN 31 A6 West 31 South Toft next Ludford Newton Rasen Elkington Welton North B 1 le Wold Willingham 2 25 Newton A157 by Toft Newtoft Sixhills LOUTH Linwood A 16 Countermeasures Legsby FaldingworthSafer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists South Safer road surfaces Willingham 3 and lanes Lissington 5 57 1 Safer visibility and 1 A markings B A Donington Friesthorpe 1 2 on Bain Cold Hanworth Safer medians 0 2 SaferSnarford speeds West

Safer bends Wickenby Torrington B road section / location 1 East 2 Holton cum 2 Safer junctions Barkwith 5 Beckering 9 9 3 Scale 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 mi B Dunholme 0 1 2 km © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright Rand Staintonand database by right Langworth 2018

8 Langton A15 by Wragby Scothern Hatton Table 2.31: A631 (West) – Lincolnshire County Council

Capital investment £645,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 6.5

Present value of prevention (20 years) £2,717,850

Cost (20 years) £593,016

Benefit:cost ratio 4.6

Link to local authority proposal www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/transport-and-roads/major-projects/a1084/a631-safer-roads-fund-improvements

Table 2.32: A631 (East) – Lincolnshire County Council

Capital investment £2,725,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 42.6

Present value of prevention (20 years) £16,439,609

Cost (20 years) £3,796,507

Benefit:cost ratio 4.3 Link to local authority proposal www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/transport-and-roads/major-projects/a1084/a631-safer-roads-fund-improvements

39 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 40 4 4 4 1 A46 B

Aylesby A 8 9 1 0 6 6 1 A4 A A

1 A 8 Bradley A Laceby 1 2 4 3 A1 031

6 A4 Scartho Humberston B1219 Irby Upon

A 1 Barnoldby Waltham 8 le Beck

Holton le Clay A 1

3 0

0 3

2 1

1

B Beelsby Brigsley

6

1

A Ashby cum Fenby A 1 8

Grainsby

B1201 3 0 2 1 B

Thorganby

A 1 Wold Newton 8

CountermeasuSwinhoperes

BrookenbySafer roadsides Safer pedestrians Ludborough and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road sectionBinbrook / location Safer junctions North Ormsby Utterby Scale 0 0.5 1 mi

0 0.5 1 1.5 km A 1 6 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Fotherby Table 2.33: A18 – North East Lincolnshire Council and Lincolnshire County Council

Capital investment £2,822,000

Start – Finish 2018–19

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 90.7

Present value of prevention (20 years) £12,355,727

Cost (20 years) £3,382,947

Benefit:cost ratio 3.7

Link to local authority proposal www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Safer-Roads-Fund-September-2017.pdf

41 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 42 Ealand

Keadby A18

A18 A A 18 1 6

1 Althorpe M181 M180 2 Derrythorpe B1450 Sandtoft

3 Westgate

Beltoft East Belton Butterwick West Butterwick

Epworth

Wroot

1

6

1

A Low Burnham Susworth

Owston Ferry 6 B139 Westwoodside

Graizelound

9 5 Wildsworth 1

A

1

6 1 Laughton A

Blyton B1205 West Stockwith Countermeasures East Safer roadsides Stockwith Safer pedestrians Misterton and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility andPilham markings Walkerith Walkeringham Safer medians 3 Safer speeds 40 B1 Safer bends road section / location

A Morton Safer junctions 1 9 6 5 1 1 A Scale Gringley 0 0.5 1 mi A631 on the Hill 0 0.5 1 1.5 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Beckingham Contains OS data © Crown copyright Wiseton and database right 2018 3 GAINSBOROUGH 0 4 A631 1

B

A A

6

2 Table 2.34: A161 – North Lincolnshire Council0 and Nottinghamshire County Council

Capital investment £3,225,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 28.3

Present value of prevention (20 years) £11,284,824

Cost (20 years) £3,223,800

Benefit:cost ratio 3.5

Link to local authority proposal Not yet available.

41 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 42

A 61 1 A 6 7 Carlton

Miniott

A A

1 1

6 6 7 1 7 6 A

Skipton-on- Swale

B

6

0

0 Catton 1

A 8 1 6 6 1 7 A

Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians Topcliffe Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location 167 Safer junctions A

Scale 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 mi 8 6 1 7 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 km 6 A 1 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 A Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 Rainton

Table 2.35: A167 – North Yorkshire County Council

Capital investment £900,000

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 10.8

Present value of prevention (20 years) £2,124,023

Cost (20 years) £900,000

Benefit:cost ratio 2.4

Link to local authority proposal www.northyorks.gov.uk/safer-roads-fund-bids

43 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 44 Cautley B Cotterdale 6 2 5 7 37

4 A68 Askrigg Head Bainbridge 84 A6 684 5 A 3 Garsdale 25 8 6 6 B A

Countersett Cowgill Dent

Countermeasures B 62 5 Safer roadsides 4 Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer mediansBarbon

Safer speeds Safer bends Gunnersideroad section / location Catterick B Catterick 6 Safer junctions Garrison 2 7 B 1 6270 Scale 0 1 2 mi Scotton 0 1 2 3 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 8 Contains OS data © Crown copyright 0 1 A and database right 2018 A 6 1

Bellerby Scruton

Patrick Askrigg Redmire Brompton 51 Leeming Crakehall Bar A684 A684 A 684 A1(M) Aysgarth West Witton A 6108 West East 8 6 0 Burton 2 16 Witton 6 B6 B Table 2.36: A684 – North Yorkshire County Council and Cumbria County Council

Capital investment £9,052,940

Start – Finish 2018–19

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 55.1

Present value of prevention (20 years) £19,451,383

Cost (20 years) £10,112,774

Benefit:cost ratio 1.9

Link to local authority proposal www.northyorks.gov.uk/safer-roads-fund-bids Cumbria County Council: Link not available on publication

43 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 44 A6 Whashton 6 Middleton Tyas Gilling Scotch West Corner

A 1 Moulton 4 7 2 6 B 8 Birkby 0 1 A 6 263 RICHMOND B1 Skelton

Marske Brompton-on- Scorton Hutton Hudswell B Swale Bonville 6271 Colburn Bolton-on- A Catterick Whitwell Streetlam 6 Swale 1 Bridge 3 Catterick 6 Walkerville Danby Downholme A Garrison Wiske

6 Hipswell Catterick 1 B6271 0 8 Stainton A Great Scotton 1 Langton Tunstall

Hornby Barden East Great Hauxwell Little Fencote Thrintoft Bellerby Arrathorne Hackforth Hunton Scruton 84 Langthorne A6 Ainderby Constable Patrick Steeple Burton Brompton A684 Leyburn 51 Crakehall 4 Harmby Leeming Bar A68 Finghall Wensley Newton-le- Leeming Spennithorne Willows Aiskew Bedale Gatenby Middleham Cowling Thornton Londonderry Exelby Steward Burrill B 6 2 8 5 East Witton Thirn Thornton A6108 Watlass Theakston Caldbergh 8 6 2 Burneston 6 Snape Low B Ellingstring Ellington Carthorpe A1(M)

High Ellington Well Fearby Low Kirklington Burton B6267 Healey Nosterfield Countermeasures Thornborough Sutton Safer roadsides Swinton West Howgrave Safer pedestrians and cyclists Tanfield Safer road surfaces Ilton and lanes A 6 Safer visibility and 1 markings 08 Wath Safer medians Melmerby Safer speeds Grewelthorpe Mickley North Safer bends road section / location Stainley Safer junctions Scale 6 0 1 8 2 mi Azerley 52 Hutton B Sutton Conyers Lofthouse0 1 2 3 km Laverton Grange © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright 61 and database right 2018 Greygarth A

Sharow Winksley RIPON Table 2.37: A6108 – North Yorkshire County Council

Capital investment £2,972,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 30.3

Present value of prevention (20 years) £12,536,368

Cost (20 years) £3,450,015

Benefit:cost ratio 3.6

Link to local authority proposal www.northyorks.gov.uk/safer-roads-fund-bids

45 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 46 Hewish

M5 Puxton 70 A3

St Georges Worle

21

B3440 0 37 A West Wick East Rolstone WESTON-SUPER-MARE

A370

A371

Locking

B3368 A371 Banwell

68 A3

Hutton A371

M5 Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians Christon Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

Table 2.38: A371 – North Somerset CouncilLoxton

Capital investment £982,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 25.4

Present value of prevention (20 years) £10,256,061

Cost (20 years) £869,220

Benefit:cost ratio 11.8

Link to local authority proposal https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/travelwest/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Annex-C-DfT-Safer- Roads-Fund-Application-Formv2-Revision-1-Economic-Case.pdf

45 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 46 Wadworth

M18 4 B609

A 6 0

3 6 4 6 B Braithwell A1(M)

6

7

3

6

B

Stainton

Tickhill A 631

A631 MALTBY

A

6

0

Styrrup 4 1 6 A A 634 Slade Hooton

Oldcotes

Firbeck A Laughton en 6 le Morthen 34

B6463

Letwell Blyth Langold Dinnington

A

6

0

Hodsock Gildingwells A Countermeasures 1 Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians Woodsetts Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions Wigthorpe

Scale 5 A57 4 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 mi 0 6 B 0 0.5 1 Lindrickkm © Copyright Road Safety FoundationDale 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 Gateford Thorpe Salvin Table 2.39: A634 – Nottinghamshire County Council and Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council

Capital investment £2,181,000

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 25.2

Present value of prevention (20 years) £5,468,769

Cost (20 years) £2,300,400

Benefit:cost ratio 2.4

Link to local authority proposal www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/media/120752/safer-roads-fund-bid.pdf

47 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 48 2 7 6 A B 6 1 9 2 7 A6 Bleak Hey Nook

A 2 6 6 0 A 5 2

B 61 97 Delph Diggle 2 0 7 7

6 6 A A

Moorside

A 60 52

Top of the Meadows

A62 Uppermill

5 3 6 A

A670 A6 69 Greenfield A Grasscroft 669

A 6 5 0 63 5 A 0

Roaches

0 7 6 A Countermeasures Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes MOSSLEY Safer visibility and markings 4

9

1 5 Safer medians

6 17 B B 6 B Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions

Buckton Vale Scale Hurst A 0 0.25 0.5 mi

6

3

5 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 0 7 6 A Millbrook

Table 2.40: A670 – Oldham Council and Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council

Capital investment £962,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 33.6

Present value of prevention (20 years) £11,519,975

Cost (20 years) £1,749,169

Benefit:cost ratio 6.6

Link to local authority proposal https://www.oldham.gov.uk/sfr https://www.tameside.gov.uk/TamesideMBC/media/trafficregulationorders/A670-Road-Safety- Improvements-(Oldham-Tameside)-FINAL.pdf

47 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 48 A

4

2 Oxhill 3 Great Bourton Lower Tysoe Hornton Shotteswell M40

Whatcote Middle Tysoe Horley Little Hanwell Bourton Upper Tysoe Alkerton A Shenington 4 22 Wroxton Drayton

Balscote

Epwell BANBURY Winderton Shutford

Upper Brailes 035 North B4 Lower Brailes Newington

A 4 2 6 Burdrop Broughton 0 Sibford Gower Swalcliffe Tadmarton

4035 Bodicote Sutton-under- B 1 6 Brailes Sibford Ferris 3 Lower A Tadmarton

Bloxham Milton Milcombe

Whichford Ascott

South Hook Norton Newington Barford St John Wigginton Barford St Michael

Hempton Deddington Swerford 031 A B4 34 Great Rollright 00 A361 Nether Worton

Great Tew Over Worton Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Over Norton Dunthrop Ledwell Safer pedestriansDuns Tew Little Tew and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and Heythrop markings

Safer medians 0 6

2

Safer speeds 4 A

Chipping Sandford St Martin A Norton Safer bends A road section / location 4 4 MiddleSafer Barton junctions

0 Scale B403 0 0.5 1 mi Enstone Gagingwell 0 0.5 1 Steeple1.5 km 1 Barton 6 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 3 A Contains OS data © Crown copyright Cleveley Radford and database right 2018

Fulwell Kiddington Table 2.41: A361 – Oxfordshire County Council

Capital investment £4,135,000

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 46.0

Present value of prevention (20 years) £14,929,461

Cost (20 years) £2,879,075

Benefit:cost ratio 5.2

Link to local authority proposal www2.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/sites/default/files/folders/documents/roadsandtransport/ majorprojects/DfTSaferRoadsFundSubmissionA361.pdf

49 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 50 Newhall 29 5 A

A Audlem 5 1 Buerton Lightwood Green Onneley A525 Royal's A525 Green 525 Kinsey A Heath Woore Coxbank

A 5 Pipe Wilkesley 2 9 Dorrington Gate

A Knighton 51

Adderley

B B

5 5

0

2 Norton in Hales 6

A 5 2 5 9 1 4 Mucklestone

5

B Betton 53 Ashley A Heath Loggerheads

Longslow A53 B A5 5 3 Hookgate 02 6 Almington Moreton MARKET Say A Longford DRAYTON 41 53 A Hales Bletchley

A

5

2

9 Ternhill Sutton Chipnall

Woodseaves Rosehill Wollerton A Countermeasures 41 Safer roadsides Stoke CheswardineSafer pedestrians Heath and cyclists A Safer road surfaces 5 and lanes 2 Soudley Wistanswick 9 Safer visibility and markings Hodnet Safer medians Lockleywood Safer speeds A53 Stoke on Tern Mill Safer bends Green road section / location Safer junctionsKnighton High Heath Scale Hinstock 0 0.5 1.0 mi

A 0 0.75 1.5 km 4 4 © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 2 Ellerton Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

A 4 Child's Ercall 1 High Hatton Peplow Table 2.42: A529 – Shropshire Council and Cheshire East CouncilSambrook

Capital investment £3,888,000

Start – Finish 2018–19

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 68.4

Present value of prevention (20 years) £29,122,183

Cost (20 years) £4,004,853

Benefit:cost ratio 7.3

Link to local authority proposal https://shropshire.gov.uk/roads-and-highways/roadworks-and-road-closures/large-scale-project- works/safer-roads-fund-a529-improvement-works

49 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 50 M25 6 1 M40

Egypt 4 B B 16 1a Farnham Fulmer Common

5

5

3

A

Stoke Poges

B416 Wexham Street

Burnham Farnham Royal

A 6 3 1 5 4

5

B B

A4 2 1 4 A

A4

0 7 7 4 SLOUGH B M4 Langley A Upton 4 6 Dorney B3026

5 A Boveney 2 4 3

3

A B47 0 M4 ETON A308 Datchet

WINDSOR

A Countermeasures B3024 30 Oakley Green 8 Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians 1 and cyclists 2 0 Safer road surfaces 3 B and lanesHorton Safer visibility and markings

6 Safer medians 7 3 B Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location Safer junctions 2 2 0 3 B Scale A 3 0 0.25 0.5 mi 2 0 3 8 3 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km A Wraysbury

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 Old Windsor

Table 2.43: A4 – Slough Borough Council

Capital investment £1,711,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 54.1

Present value of prevention (20 years) £18,367,082

Cost (20 years) £2,288,282

Benefit:cost ratio 8.0

Link to local authority proposal http://www.slough.gov.uk/parking-travel-and-roads/a4-safer-roads-fund.aspx

51 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 52 Thatto Heath

B 5204

Sutton B5204 Leach

Clock Face

9

1

4

5

B M62

7

A57 Bold Heath Lingley Green A A5 57 57

A5080

A5080

Farnworth Countermeasures

Safer roadsides

7

5 Safer pedestrians 9 5 and cyclists 1 A

4

5 5 Safer road surfaces

B B and lanes Safer visibility and markings 2 6 Safer medians A5 B5 78 1 Safer speeds Safer bends B5178 road section / location Ball O'Ditton Halton Safer junctions

Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

7 A562 5 5 A Table 2.44: A57 – St Helens Council

Capital investment £1,040,000

Start – Finish 2019–20

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 18.4

Present value of prevention (20 years) £7,437,661

Cost (20 years) £1,282,216

Benefit:cost ratio 5.8

Link to local authority proposal https://www.sthelens.gov.uk/traffic-travel-parking/highway-maintenance/safer-roads-funds/

51 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 52 4 19 Wardley A A A 1 184 9

B

1

2

9

8 A184 Mount

A Pleasant

1

9

5

Follingsby

8 A 8 1 2 9 B1

A194(M)

A 1 9 5

90 A12

Usworth Sulgrave Road realigned as part of Enterprise Zone Infrastructure works A1290

A 1 8 2 Albany

A1231 A1231 WASHINGTON

Washington Village Countermeasures Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends A road section / location 1 Fatfield 8 2 Safer junctions Biddick 5 9 1 A Scale 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 mi

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Lambton Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 5 A19

Table 2.45: A1290 – Sunderland City Council

Capital investment £992,500

Start – Finish 2017–18, 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 5.3

Present value of prevention (20 years) £2,122,608

Cost (20 years) £911,249

Benefit:cost ratio 2.3

Link to local authority proposal www.sunderland.gov.uk/media/19997/Safer-Roads-Fund-Application-Form-Phase-2/pdf/Annex_C_ DfT_Safer_Roads_Fund_-_Application_Form_Phase_2.pdf

53 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 54 3

7 2

1 2 A 2 24 A A A25 REDHILL REIGATE 5 A25 A2

B2034

A 2 1 7

A

2

3

A2 044

Sidlow

Salfords

A

2

1

7

A

2

3

Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclistsNorwood Safer road surfaces and lanes Hill Safer visibility and HORLEY markings Safer medians

A Safer speeds 2 1 Safer bends 7 road section / location Safer junctions Hookwood Scale 0 0.25 0.5 mi A 23 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018

9a M23

Table 2.46: A217 – Surrey County Council

Capital investment £1,117,000

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 8.3

Present value of prevention (20 years) £3,347,392

Cost (20 years) £1,142,264

Benefit:cost ratio 2.9

Link to local authority proposal www.surreycc.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/144835/DfT-Safer-Roads-Fund-Application-Form- A217-Reigate-to-Horley.pdf

53 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 54 13 A North A13 Stifford

3 1 0 1 A 6 A130 2 A

1 1

0

0

1 1

8 A

A Little 9 Thurrock

Northbound only countermeasures 6

2

1

A

A A

1 1

2 0

6 1

3

B1 6 86 2

1 Chadwell

A St Mary

GRAYS A126 A126

A

1

0

8

9 A1090 Countermeasures

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Safer bends road section / location A 12 TILBURY Safer junctions 6

Scale 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 mi

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 km

© Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 A Contains OS data © Crown copyright 1 0 and database right 2018 8 © OpenStreetMap contributors 9

Table 2.47: A126 – Thurrock Council

Capital investment £2,488,792

Start – Finish 2020–21

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 13.2

Present value of prevention (20 years) £5,326,938

Cost (20 years) £2,256,909

Benefit:cost ratio 2.4

Link to local authority proposal www.thurrock.gov.uk/sites/default/files/assets/documents/dft-srfa-application-2017-v01.pdf

55 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 56 6 Lodsworth A 8 Upperton A2 2 28 83 2 A A27 3

A272 Petworth A2 Tillington 72 South Byworth

Ambersham Selham

A A

West 2

8

Lavington 3

6 8 2 A Coultershaw Bridge

Heyshott

Cocking Graffham Duncton

East Barlavington Lavington

Sutton

Bignor West Burton

Singleton Upwaltham Charlton East Dean

Madehurst

29 Countermeasures A

Safer roadsides Safer pedestrians Eartham and cyclists Safer road surfaces and lanes Safer visibility and markings Safer medians

Safer speeds Slindon Safer bends Halnaker road section / location Strettington Safer junctions A Fontwell 27 Boxgrove Scale A27 0 0.5 1 mi Tangmere 0 0.5 1 1.5 km © Copyright Road Safety Foundation 2018 Westhampnett Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 Norton

Aldingbourne Walberton Nyton Table 2.48: A285 – West Sussex County Council

Capital investment £2,458,700

Start – Finish 2017–18

Estimated fatal and serious injuries saved (20 years) 24.0

Present value of prevention (20 years) £4,010,098

Cost (20 years) £1,736,200

Benefit:cost ratio 2.3

Link to local authority proposal www.westsussex.gov.uk/roads-and-travel/roadworks-and-projects/road-projects/a285-safer-roads- investment-plan

55 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 56 3. Evaluation

The DfT commissioned an independent evaluation of the Safer Roads Fund, which will use both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Published as Process Evaluation of the Safer Roads Fund Phase 1 Report12, it outlines a qualitative evaluation completed soon after local authorities submitted their proposals. The findings of the evaluation align well with the qualitative evaluation undertaken by Road Safety Foundation. Some key findings of the survey are outlined in the sections that follow.

3.1 Current approach – identification and treatment of priority sections

All local authorities that responded to the survey described a data-led approach using routine or ad hoc analysis of STATS19 data supplemented by other information sources. Reference was generally made to both site and route analysis, with some pointers to area analysis. Local authorities have not previously adopted a proactive risk assessment approach.

Proactive approaches are not commonly applied across local authority roads, and there is an opportunity to address the way that crash risk is treated.

12 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/safer-road-fund-process-evaluation

57 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 58 3.2 Safer Roads Fund – selection of sections

The road sections were identified for the Safer Roads Fund on the basis of risk (crashes per billion vehicle kilometres driven) rather than a more traditional metric of crash density (fatal or serious crashes/km). This means that the roads were not always considered by the local authorities to be high priority. Selecting purely on the basis of crash risk meant inclusion of some roads that were very low flow, with crash numbers subject to random fluctuation. Moreover, because of the time gap between the analysis period on which the selection was done and the start of the work, some authorities had already made efforts to address safety concerns on their section.

Selection of further tranches should include safeguards such as a crash density threshold, further analysis to ensure statistical robustness (e.g. the persistently higher risk calculation that the Road Safety Foundation uses or Bayesian modelling) and a check to ensure that eligible roads have not already been treated in the inevitable time lag between analysis and selection.

3.3 iRAP software and outputs

Local authorities welcomed the iRAP results and SRIPs generally, though they recognised that not all recommendations were practicable. They appreciated the opportunity to review the results and generate their own plans. The new UDIP process was straightforward but required the Road Safety Foundation team to receive information about the proposed remedial treatments and model this ‘offline’, which created a time lag and a bit of a ‘black box’ experience.

The iRAP software could be enhanced to allow road safety engineers to interact with the recommendations and amend the SRIP according to local information and policies. Interacting with the results in this way would be a great benefit and would allow the refinement of proposals.

3.4 Future use of proactive approaches

Local authorities were keen to continue to use the iRAP proactive inspection approach, but were concerned that, if they did so, they would not be able to find the funds to address the issues identified. Where there was reluctance to use the iRAP approach, it was largely because established historical crash data analysis was considered to be more ‘politically acceptable’ or pragmatic.

Some practitioners remain unconvinced about the implementation of the Safe System and proactive risk reduction on the road network. Local authorities are facing huge challenges currently with reducing capacity, vastly reduced budgets for road safety and a lack of accountability at the highest levels for road safety. There is a wider issue to be addressed to ensure that road safety attracts the interest and investment that it deserves.

57 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org 58 4. Discussion

The first two Rounds of the Safer Roads Fund have provided staggeringly positive results, with a portfolio investment that is set to prevent almost 1,450 fatalities and serious injuries over the next twenty years. The overall 20-year benefit:cost ratio of the portfolio (4.4) would allow this work to compete with major transport investment programmes.

The Road Safety Foundation report Cutting the Cost of Dangerous Roads: British EuroRAP Results 201713 identifies a further 550 road sections with unacceptable levels of risk, and so there is no shortage of further candidates for investment.

As with all pioneering programmes, there are opportunities to further improve and refine the process, and there is no doubt that the lessons learnt through this project will allow even better road safety schemes to be developed in the future.

As the Road Safety Foundation has undertaken this work, it has become increasingly clear that road safety engineers in local authorities are doing their best, despite the reducing staff numbers focused on this topic as well as the extremely limited funding available for investment. It is clear that the highest level of local government does not give road safety the attention that it deserves, and mechanisms to establish local accountability and funding need to be determined as a matter of urgency.

13 https://roadsafetyfoundation.org/project/cutting-cost-dangerous-roads-british-eurorap-results-2017

59 Tackling High-Risk Regional Roads – Safer Roads Fund 2017/2018 www.racfoundation.org PB Mobility • Safety • Economy • Environment

The Royal Automobile Club Foundation for Motoring Ltd is a transport policy and research organisation which explores the economic, mobility, safety and environmental issues relating to roads and their users. The Foundation publishes independent and authoritative research with which it promotes informed debate and advocates policy in the interest of the responsible motorist.

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