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The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentieth-Century Western Europe
The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentieth-Century Western Europe The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Maier, Charles S. 1981. The two postwar eras and the conditions for stability in twentieth-century Western Europe. American Historical Review 86(2): 327-352. Published Version doi:10.2307/1857441 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4727674 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA AHR Forum The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentleth-CenturyWestern Europe CHARLES S. MAIER BROADCASTING over the BBC in November 1945, A. J. P. Taylor assured his lis- teners, "Nobody in Europe believes in the American way of life-that is, in pri- vate enterprise; or rather those who believe in it are a defeated party and a party which seems to have no more future than the Jacobites in England after 1688. "I Taylor proved to be wrong, or at least premature, about the end of pri- vate enterprise. The question here is why, at least in Western Europe, there was less transformation than he envisaged. Posed in broader terms, how did Western Europe achieve political and social stability by the mid-twentieth century after two great, destructive wars and the intervening upheaval. Historians often treat stability as a passive coming to rest or a societal inertia that requires no explanation. -
Remembering Sudetenland: on the Legal Construction of Ethnic Cleansing Timothy W
Maurer School of Law: Indiana University Digital Repository @ Maurer Law Articles by Maurer Faculty Faculty Scholarship 2006 Remembering Sudetenland: On the Legal Construction of Ethnic Cleansing Timothy W. Waters Indiana University Maurer School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Waters, Timothy W., "Remembering Sudetenland: On the Legal Construction of Ethnic Cleansing" (2006). Articles by Maurer Faculty. Paper 324. http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/324 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by Maurer Faculty by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Remembering Sudetenland: On the Legal Construction of Ethnic Cleansing TIMOTHY WILLIAM WATERS* I. To Begin: Something Uninteresting, and Something New ......... 64 II. A im s of the A rticle ................................................................. 66 1II. An Attempt at an Uncontroversial Historical Primer .............. 69 A. Czechoslovakia and Munich .......................................... 69 B. The Bene§ D ecrees ........................................................ 70 C. The Expulsions or Transfers .......................................... 73 D. The Potsdam Agreement .............................................. -
Criticism of “Fascist Nostalgia” in the Political Thought of the New Right
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS WRATISLAVIENSIS No 3866 Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 40, nr 3 Wrocław 2018 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.40.3.6 JOANNA SONDEL-CEDARMAS ORCID: 0000-0002-3037-9264 Uniwersytet Jagielloński Criticism of “fascist nostalgia” in the political thought of the New Right The seizure of power by the National Liberation Committee on 25th April, 1945 and the establishment of the republic on 2nd June, 1946 constituted the symbolic end to Mussolini’s dictatorship that had lasted for more than 20 years. However, it emerged relatively early that fascism was not a defi nitively closed chapter in the political and social life of Italy. As early as June of 1946, after the announcement of a presidential decree granting amnesty for crimes committed during the time of the Nazi-Fascist occupation between 1943 and 1945, the country saw a withdrawal from policies repressive towards fascists.1 Likewise, the national reconciliation policy gradually implemented in the second half of the 1940s by the government of Alcide De Gasperi, aiming at pacifying the nation and fostering the urgent re- building of the institution of the state, contributed to the emergence of ambivalent approaches towards Mussolini’s regime. On the one hand, Italy consequently tried to build its institutional and political order in clear opposition towards fascism, as exemplifi ed, among others, by a clause in the Constitution of 1947 that forbade the establishment of any form of fascist party, as well as the law passed on 20th June, 1 Conducted directly after the end of WW II, the epurazione action (purifi cation) that aimed at uprooting fascism, was discontinued on 22nd June 1946, when a decree of president Enrico De Nicola granting amnesty for crimes committed during the Nazi-Fascist occupation of Italy between 1943–1945 was implemented. -
The London School of Economics and Political Science the New
The London School of Economics and Political Science The New Industrial Order: Vichy, Steel, and the Origins of the Monnet Plan, 1940-1946 Luc-André Brunet A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, July 2014 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 87,402 words. 2 Abstract Following the Fall of France in 1940, the nation’s industry was fundamentally reorganised under the Vichy regime. This thesis traces the history of the keystones of this New Industrial Order, the Organisation Committees, by focusing on the organisation of the French steel industry between the end of the Third Republic in 1940 and the establishment of the Fourth Republic in 1946. It challenges traditional views by showing that the Committees were created largely to facilitate economic collaboration with Nazi Germany. -
FIGHT BACK the INVADERS 1.0.1 Italian Right Wing Tentacles on the Struggle for Animals and Environment INDEX Intro
FIGHT BACK THE INVADERS 1.0.1 Italian right wing tentacles on the struggle for animals and environment INDEX Intro ......................................................................................................... pag. 3 ANARCHO-NATIONALISTS....................................................................... pag. 5 RESISTENZA NAZIONALE and AUTONOMI NAZIONALISTI National Resistance and Autonomous Nationalist ....................................... pag. 6 I LUPI DANNO LA ZAMPA Wolves landing the paw .............................................................................. pag. 7 MASSIMO TURCI ..................................................................................... pag. 10 ROBERTA CAPOTOSTI ............................................................................ pag. 11 MICHELA VITTORIA BRAMBILLA ............................................................ pag. 12 IL ROSSOBRUNISMO Redbrownism ............................................................................................ pag. 13 LA FORESTA CHE AVANZA The forrest moving forward .................. pag. 20 MEMENTO NATURAE ........ ................. pag. 23 100% ANIMALISTI AND DERIVATES ..... pag. 26 RECOGNIZED AND ISOLATED in the No Muos movement ........................ pag. 31 PAE - European Animal-rights Party ....... pag. 35 Sources ................................................ pag. 39 2 ANTISPEFA – Antispeciecists Antifa- In this first work, we start exami- scist Milan wants to be a counter- ning some of these movements, information archive -
The Thought of What America": Ezra Pound’S Strange Optimism
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO English Faculty Publications Department of English and Foreign Languages 2010 "The Thought of What America": Ezra Pound’s Strange Optimism John Gery University of New Orleans, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/engl_facpubs Part of the Literature in English, North America Commons Recommended Citation Gery, John “‘The Thought of What America’: Ezra Pound’s Strange Optimism,” Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. II (2010): 187-206. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English and Foreign Languages at ScholarWorks@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UDC 821.111(73).09-1 Pand E. John R O Gery University of New Orleans, USA “THE THOUGHT OF What AMerica”: EZRA POUND’S STRANGE OPTIMISM Abstract Through a reconsideration of Ezra Pound’s early poem “Cantico del Sole” (1918), an apparently satiric look at American culture in the early twentieth century, this essay argues how the poem, in fact, expresses some of the tenets of Pound’s more radical hopes for American culture, both in his unorthodox critiques of the 1930s in ABC of Reading, Jefferson and/or Mussolini, and Guide to Kulchur and, more significantly, in his epic poem, The Cantos. The essay contends that, despite Pound’s controversial economic and political views in his prose (positions which contributed to his arrest for treason in 1945), he is characteristically optimistic about the potential for American culture. -
Interior Freedom in the French-Language Poetry Written in the Concentration Camps (1943-45)
Interior Freedom in the French-language Poetry Written in the Concentration Camps (1943-45) Belle Marie Joseph A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University January 2017 © Copyright by Belle Marie Joseph 2017 All Rights Reserved This thesis presents my own original research. All sources have been duly acknowledged. Except where acknowledged in the customary manner, the material presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge, original and has not been submitted in whole or part for a degree in any university. Belle Joseph 27 January 2017 ii Acknowledgements I would like to extend my thanks, first of all, to my supervisors. I am deeply grateful to Peter Brown, who supervised this project from its beginnings and whose expertise and encouragement throughout the project were invaluable. Gillian Russell provided helpful input at the beginning of my research. Ned Curthoys gave invaluable feedback at each stage of my project; I am grateful for his insightful and constructive comments. Sincere thanks to Ash Collins, who provided thoughtful commentary on the completed thesis draft. I would also like to thank my many wonderful colleagues in the School of Literature, Language and Linguistics (SLLL) at ANU, who often provided useful suggestions in informal discussions about my research, and in particular Kate Flaherty, who kindly read drafts of the thesis introduction and the first chapter and gave me helpful comments on them. I would also like to acknowledge that this research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. My warmest thanks go to the directors and staff of the various associations for former déportés , who gave me invaluable assistance with my research. -
Hugh Macdiarmid and Sorley Maclean: Modern Makars, Men of Letters
Hugh MacDiarmid and Sorley MacLean: Modern Makars, Men of Letters by Susan Ruth Wilson B.A., University of Toronto, 1986 M.A., University of Victoria, 1994 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of English © Susan Ruth Wilson, 2007 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photo-copying or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Dr. Iain Higgins_(English)__________________________________________ _ Supervisor Dr. Tom Cleary_(English)____________________________________________ Departmental Member Dr. Eric Miller__(English)__________________________________________ __ Departmental Member Dr. Paul Wood_ (History)________________________________________ ____ Outside Member Dr. Ann Dooley_ (Celtic Studies) __________________________________ External Examiner ABSTRACT This dissertation, Hugh MacDiarmid and Sorley MacLean: Modern Makars, Men of Letters, transcribes and annotates 76 letters (65 hitherto unpublished), between MacDiarmid and MacLean. Four additional letters written by MacDiarmid’s second wife, Valda Grieve, to Sorley MacLean have also been included as they shed further light on the relationship which evolved between the two poets over the course of almost fifty years of friendship. These letters from Valda were archived with the unpublished correspondence from MacDiarmid which the Gaelic poet preserved. The critical introduction to the letters examines the significance of these poets’ literary collaboration in relation to the Scottish Renaissance and the Gaelic Literary Revival in Scotland, both movements following Ezra Pound’s Modernist maxim, “Make it new.” The first chapter, “Forging a Friendship”, situates the development of the men’s relationship in iii terms of each writer’s literary career, MacDiarmid already having achieved fame through his early lyrics and with the 1926 publication of A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle when they first met. -
USHMM Finding
http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection FONDS DAVID DIAMANT (CMXXV), 1925-1994 2017.20.1, RG-43.160 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW Washington, DC 20024-2126 Tel. (202) 479-9717 e-mail: [email protected] Descriptive summary Title: Fonds David Diamant (CMXXV) Dates: 1924-1994 Accession number: 2017.20.1 Record Group Number: RG-43.160 Creator: Anny Latour Extent: 14,699 digital images (JPEG) Repository: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW, Washington, DC 20024-2126 Abstract: Records of David Diamant (Aaron David Erlich). Languages: French Administrative Information Access: Collection is open for use, but may be stored offsite. Please contact the Reference Desk more than seven days prior to visit in order to request access. Reproduction and use: Collection is available for use. Material may be protected by copyright. Please contact reference staff for further information. No publication of documents on the World Wide Web, Internet, etc., or reproduction of microfilm reels without the permission of the Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine (CDJC). Cite the CDJC as holder of originals. Preferred citation: (Identification of item), Fonds David Diamant (CMXXV), 1924-1994, RG-43.160, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, Washington, DC. Acquisition information: These materials were collected and arranged by the Centre de Documentation Juive 2 https://collections.ushmm.org http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection Contemporaine (CDJC). Source of acquisition is the Memorial to the Shoah, Jewish Contemporary Documentation Center (Mémorial de la Shoah, Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine), France. -
Disorderly and Inhumane: the United States and the Expulsion of Germans After World War II
Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2015 Disorderly and Inhumane: the United States and the Expulsion of Germans after World War II Bradley J. Brewer Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Brewer, Bradley J., "Disorderly and Inhumane: the United States and the Expulsion of Germans after World War II" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 1528. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/1528 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Automated Template A: Created by James Nail 2011 V2.02 Disorderly and inhumane: The United States and the expulsion of Germans after World War II By Bradley J. Brewer A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Department of History Mississippi State, Mississippi May 2015 Copyright by Bradley J. Brewer 2015 Disorderly and inhumane: The United States and the expulsion of Germans after World War II By Bradley J. Brewer Approved: ____________________________________ Richard V. Damms (Director of Dissertation) ____________________________________ Alan I. Marcus (Committee Member) ____________________________________ M. Kathryn Barbier (Committee Member) ____________________________________ William Anthony Hay (Committee Member) ____________________________________ Stephen C. Brain (Graduate Coordinator) ____________________________________ R. Gregory Dunaway Professor and Dean College of Arts & Sciences Name: Bradley J. Brewer Date of Degree: May 9, 2015 Institution: Mississippi State University Major Field: History Major Professor: Richard V. -
Politics, Poetry and Ezra Pound Written by Revd David William Parry
Politics, Poetry and Ezra Pound Written by Revd David William Parry This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. Politics, Poetry and Ezra Pound https://www.e-ir.info/2019/06/19/politics-poetry-and-ezra-pound/ REVD DAVID WILLIAM PARRY, JUN 19 2019 Political concepts can be overwhelming. Often, they have an oceanic allure beyond themselves. Indeed, structural narratives surrounding ethical insights may easily transform into a siren song whereby incautious navigators are enticed to their own destruction.[1] All meaning, of course, even those arguments sandbagging the Modernist enterprise itself occasionally dam the languages of Identity and Time altogether. Unforeseen blockages, no doubt, albeit the type of reductive clotting which reduces social innovation, along with agreed cultural inheritance, into caricatures of themselves. Thence, with these wary caveats recognised, it remains fair to say Ezra Pound’s (1885–1972) haunted life and elative oeuvre still demand careful attention from poets and political scientists alike. Especially so, once Western democratic failure, otherwise known as the abattoirs of World Wars I and II, are honestly recollected.[2] Accompanied, as these almost unimaginable atrocities were, by the subsequent reactions of bewildered Youth across our Occidental world. Anyhow, it remains noteworthy that their tragic (but explicit) disenchantment with permissive ‘advancement’ led to an appropriation of distant cultures as a radical critique of ‘liberal’ ineptitude. A position Pound championed through a series of dazzling literary strategies, although this very discourse currently casts dark, ironic, shadows across the turbulent waters of his promethean originality. -
The United States and German Demilitarization, 1942- 1947
FROM ENMITY TOWARDS ALLIANCE: THE UNITED STATES AND GERMAN DEMILITARIZATION, 1942- 1947 Oliver Haller B.A., Wilfrid Laurier University, 199 1 M.A. Thesis Submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree Wilfrid MerUniversity 1996 @ Oliver Haller 1996 National Library Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Seivices seMces bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 canada Canada YovrW voarrréfefmce Our Ne NonerrlHhena, The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, districbute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microforni, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fïh, de reproduction sur papier ou sur fomat électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thése ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorkation. Table of Contents Abstract ............................................... iii Introduction........................................... I Notes: Introduction .................................... 13 Chapter One: The Versailles Precedent and Initial Arnerican Perceptions of Civil-Military Government...... 18 Notes: Chapter One ..................................... 40 Chapter Two: The Formulation of an Amencan Civil-Military Direcive and the Ascendendcy of Demilitarimion through Deindustrialization.......