Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta Heritage Assessment Draft Report

Report prepared for Parramatta City Council November 2012

Report Register

The following report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment undertaken by Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd in accordance with its quality management system. Godden Mackay Logan operates under a quality management system which has been certified as complying with the Australian/New Zealand Standard for quality management systems AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008.

Job No. Issue No. Notes/Description Issue Date

12-0380 1 Draft Report 24 October 2012

12-0380 2 Revised Draft Report 9 November 2012

Copyright and Moral Rights Historical sources and reference material used in the preparation of this report are acknowledged and referenced at the end of each section and/or in figure captions. Reasonable effort has been made to identify, contact, acknowledge and obtain permission to use material from the relevant copyright owners.

In accordance with the contract terms for this project GML:

 vests copyright in all material produced by GML (but excluding pre-existing material and material in which copyright is held by a third party) in the client for this project (and the client’s successors in title);

 retains the right to use all the material produced by GML for this project for GML’s ongoing business and for professional presentations, academic papers or publications; and

 waives the Moral Rights of both GML and the project team members in this work, in accordance with the (Commonwealth) Copyright (Moral Rights) Amendment Act 2000.

Contents Page

1.0 Introduction...... 1 1.1 Project Background ...... 1 1.2 Site Location ...... 1 1.3 Community Consultation ...... 1 1.4 Limitations ...... 2 1.5 Authorship and Acknowledgements ...... 2 1.6 Abbreviations ...... 2

2.0 Statutory Context ...... 5 2.1 Preamble ...... 5 2.2 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 ...... 5 2.2.1 Due Diligence Approach ...... 6 2.3 Heritage Act 1977 ...... 6 2.3.1 The State Heritage Register (SHR) ...... 7 2.4 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 ...... 7 2.4.1 Parramatta Local Environment Plan 2011 ...... 7 2.4.2 Parramatta Development Control Plan 2011 ...... 9 2.5 Implications for Heritage Management ...... 12 2.6 Endnotes ...... 12

3.0 Historical Overview ...... 13 3.1 Introduction ...... 13 3.2 Early History (1790s–1810s) ...... 13 3.3 Marsden’s 112 Acre Grant ...... 13 3.4 Rangihou Reserve Site History ...... 18 3.4.1 Mrs Charles Marsden’s land...... 18 3.4.2 Lot 43 Newlands Estate ...... 20 3.4.3 Lot 44 Newlands Estate ...... 22 3.4.4 Lot 45 Newlands Estate ...... 24 3.4.5 Lot 46 Newlands Estate...... 27 3.5 Endnotes ...... 55

4.0 Site Analysis ...... 61 4.1 Site Inspection ...... 61

5.0 Aboriginal Archaeology ...... 67 5.1 Environmental Context ...... 67 5.1.1 Geology and Soils ...... 67 5.1.2 Landforms and Topography ...... 67 5.1.3 Hydrology ...... 68 5.1.4 Vegetation and Fauna ...... 68 5.1.5 Modern Land Use and Disturbance ...... 68 5.2 Aboriginal Archaeological Context ...... 69 5.2.1 Ethnohistory ...... 69 5.2.2 Relevant Local Literature ...... 70

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

5.2.3 AHIMS Search ...... 72 5.3 Assessment of Aboriginal Archaeological Potential ...... 72 5.4 Endnotes ...... 77

6.0 Historical Archaeological Assessment ...... 79 6.1 Desktop Analysis ...... 79 6.1.1 Historical Development ...... 79 6.1.2 Previous Historical Archaeological Studies ...... 80 6.2 Site Disturbance ...... 81 6.3 Assessment of Historical Archaeological Potential ...... 82 6.3.1 Phase 1: Early History (1788–1819) ...... 82 6.3.2 Phase 2: Samuel Marsden and Rangihou (1819–1827)...... 82 6.3.3 Phase 3: Subdivision and Sale (1827–1950s) ...... 83 6.3.4 Phase 4: Rangihou Reserve (1950s–Present) ...... 84 6.3.5 Summary ...... 84 6.4 Endnotes ...... 88

7.0 Heritage Items and Historic Views ...... 89 7.1 Introduction ...... 89 7.2 Heritage Items within the Site ...... 89 7.2.1 Wetlands: Parramatta River ...... 89 7.3 Heritage Items within the Vicinity ...... 90 7.3.1 Site of Rangihou Seminary ...... 91 7.3.2 Gasworks Bridge: Parramatta River ...... 93 7.3.3 Newlands Gates and Plantings: 1 Macarthur Street ...... 94 7.3.4 Wavertree and Palms: 10 New Zealand Street and rear of 5, 7 & 9 Rangihou Crescent ...... 94 7.3.5 Broughton House: 43a Thomas Street ...... 95 7.3.6 Area of National Significance Special Area, Harris Park Precinct ...... 96 7.4 Endnotes ...... 106

8.0 Significance Assessment ...... 107 8.1 Preface ...... 107 8.2 Significance Assessment of the Subject Site ...... 107 8.2.1 Guidelines ...... 107 8.2.2 Assessing Archaeological Significance ...... 107 8.2.3 Bickford and Sullivan’s Questions ...... 108 8.3 NSW Heritage Criteria for Assessing Significance ...... 111 8.3.1 Criterion A: Historical Significance ...... 111 8.3.2 Criterion B: Historical Associations ...... 111 8.3.3 Criterion C: Aesthetic Significance ...... 112 8.3.4 Criterion D: Social Significance ...... 112 8.3.5 Criterion E: Technical/Research Potential ...... 113 8.3.6 Criterion F: Rarity ...... 113 8.3.7 Criterion G: Representativeness ...... 113 8.4 Statement of Significance...... 114 8.5 Endnotes ...... 114

9.0 Conclusions and Management Recommendations ...... 115

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

9.1 Introduction ...... 115 9.2 Conclusions ...... 115 9.3 Policies and Recommendations ...... 116 9.3.1 Statutory Requirements for Archaeological Management ...... 116 9.3.2 Management of Intangible Heritage Values ...... 117 9.3.3 Management of Heritage Items and Historic Views ...... 118 9.3.4 Heritage Interpretation ...... 119

10.0 Appendices ...... 121 Appendix A ...... 123 AHIMS Search Results ...... 123 Appendix B ...... 125 Consultation Log ...... 125 Appendix C ...... 127 Site Timeline ...... 127 Appendix D ...... 129 Historical Bibliography ...... 129 Appendix E ...... 131 Heritage Listing Sheets and Parramatta LEP 2011 Heritage Map ...... 131

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd (GML) has been engaged by Parramatta City Council (PCC) to prepare an Aboriginal archaeological due diligence assessment, historical archaeological assessment and built heritage assessment for Rangihou Reserve.

The purpose of this report is to:

 outline whether the study area has Aboriginal or historical archaeological potential and/or heritage significance;

 identify statutory requirements for the future management of these values; and

 develop policies to guide the management of any heritage values associated with Rangihou Reserve. This report has been prepared in accordance with the following documents:

 Due Diligence Code of Practice for the Protection of Aboriginal Objects in New South Wales (DECCW 2010);

 NSW Heritage Manual, Archaeological Assessments (NSW Heritage Office 1996);

 Assessing Significance for Historical Archaeological Sites and Relics (NSW Heritage Branch 2009);

 New South Wales Heritage Manual Update Assessing Heritage Significance (NSW Heritage Office 2001); and

 The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance 1999 (Burra Charter) This report provides some management recommendations regarding how to manage archaeological potential, built heritage values and intangible heritage values associated with the site. The management recommendations respond to statutory requirements under the Heritage Act 1977 (NSW) (Heritage Act) and the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW) (NPW Act), as well as best practice approaches to managing heritage values, including intangible values. 1.2 Site Location

Rangihou Reserve is located on the northern foreshore of the Parramatta River, Parramatta (Figure 1.1). It is bounded by Parramatta River to the south, Macarthur Street to the west and 2 Morton Street to the east (Figure 1.2). The northern boundary of the reserve is defined by the residential allotments and the PCC Depot at 1A Morton Street. 1.3 Community Consultation

Adherence to the OEH document Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010 is not a requirement of the due diligence process. PCC requested that consultation with the Aboriginal community be undertaken as part of the project. Aboriginal stakeholders known by the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) for the Western Sydney area, PCC’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advisory Committee, and a number of other Aboriginal stakeholders known to PCC were invited to be involved in consultation and attend a site visit for this project. Details of consultation with the Aboriginal community are provided at Appendix B.

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GML has undertaken limited consultation with Maori community representatives, including members of Nga Uri O Rahiri Inc. Nga Uri O Rahiri Inc has an existing relationship with PCC, developed through cooperation in hosting a biannual cultural festival commemorating the history of Maori and Parramatta at Rangihou Reserve. Nga Uri O Rahiri also maintains cultural links with Nga Puhi leaders in New Zealand.

Consultation with other external stakeholders has not been undertaken by GML and does not form a part of this brief. 1.4 Limitations

This report is an assessment of Aboriginal archaeology, historical archaeology and cultural heritage values at Rangihou Reserve. It does not provide an impact assessment in response to any particular redevelopment design or concept plan. The natural heritage values of Rangihou Reserve are not assessed in detail in this report, although are discussed where relevant.

Full consultation with the Aboriginal community, in accordance with OEH document Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010 was not within the scope of this report.

As this report was prepared in accordance with OEH’s due diligence guidelines, it does not include an assessment of Aboriginal archaeological significance (either scientific or cultural). Neither does it incorporate a detailed social significance assessment, as only limited consultation with representatives of the Maori community has been undertaken by GML to date.

No geotechnical information about Rangihou Reserve was available for review during this project.

PCC’s records regarding Rangihou Reserve were not assessed during this project. 1.5 Authorship and Acknowledgements

This report has been prepared by Sally MacLennan (Archaeologist) and Nina Pollock (Built Heritage Consultant) of GML. Anne Mackay (Senior Associate), Natalie Vinton (Archaeology Manager) and Sharon Veale (Partner) of GML, also provided specialist input. The historical overview was prepared by Terry Kass (Historian) subconsultant. The report has been reviewed by Natalie Vinton, and Sharon Veale.

GML would like to acknowledge the assistance of PCC staff, including Graeme Bleus, Neville Davis, Debbie Killian and Maggie Kyle for their assistance throughout the course of this project. 1.6 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the historical overview (Section 3.0).

Bk Book

DP Deposited Plan

LPI Land and Property Information

ML Mitchell Library

No Number

SRNSW State Records of New South Wales

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Figure 1.1 Location of the subject site. (Source: Google Maps with GML additions 2012)

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Figure 1.2 The subject site in its local context. (Source: Google Maps with GML additions 2012)

4 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

2.0 Statutory Context

2.1 Preamble

This section discusses the State and local statutory context relevant to the built heritage values of and potential archaeological resource (both Aboriginal and historical) at Rangihou Reserve.

In NSW archaeological remains and heritage items are afforded statutory protection under the following Acts:

 the NPW Act;

 the Heritage Act; and

 the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPA Act).

Items of environmental heritage including landscape features, built heritage and archaeological remains (both Aboriginal and historical) are also protected under the PCC Local Environment Plan (LEP) 2011 (Schedule 5). 2.2 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974

All Aboriginal objects and places receive statutory protection under the NPW Act. Aboriginal objects are defined as:

physical evidence of the use of an area by Aboriginal people. They can also be referred to as 'Aboriginal sites', 'relics' or 'cultural material'1

Handicrafts made for sale are not considered ‘objects’ under the NPW Act. If Aboriginal objects are found, the OEH must be informed.

Recent changes to the NPW Act require applicants to seek approval prior to the disturbance of sites with the potential to contain Aboriginal objects and cultural material. New offences relating to the harm to, or desecration of, an Aboriginal object or declared Aboriginal Place were introduced with the NPW Amendment (Aboriginal Objects and Places) Regulation 2010 on 1 October 2010. The definition of ‘harm’ now includes to destroy, deface, damage or move an Aboriginal object or declared Aboriginal Place. The OEH has stated:

The most significant change is the introduction of tiered offences and penalties. Offences committed with knowledge, in aggravating circumstances or in relation to an Aboriginal Place will attract higher penalties than previously. There is a new strict liability offence of harming Aboriginal objects and of harming or desecrating Aboriginal Places. (DECCW 2010)

The strict liability offence of harming Aboriginal objects has a number of defences. The two defences relevant to this project include the statutory defence of ‘due diligence’ that demonstrates either:

 that there is no research based evidence that suggests Aboriginal objects will be impacted upon by the development; or

 that there is the need for an Aboriginal Heritage Impact Permit (AHIP), and that any disturbance to Aboriginal objects has occurred in accordance with an approved AHIP.

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2.2.1 Due Diligence Approach

The OEH has issued a code of practice guideline that defines a ‘due diligence’ approach to Aboriginal heritage: Due Diligence Code of Practice for the Protection of Aboriginal Objects in NSW (13 September 2010). This guideline is designed to assist individuals and organisations to exercise due diligence when carrying out activities that may harm Aboriginal objects, and/or Aboriginal Places, and to determine whether they should apply for consent in the form of an AHIP.

If a due diligence assessment identifies that Aboriginal objects will be, or are likely to be, harmed during the course of proposed works it would be required to obtain an AHIP prior to commencement. In such a case adherence to the following documents issued by OEH would be necessary:

 Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010. Part 6 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (April 2010);

 Code of Practice for Archaeological Investigation of Aboriginal Objects in New South Wales (September 2010);

 Guide to investigating, assessing and reporting on Aboriginal cultural heritage in NSW (April 2011); and

 Applying for an Aboriginal Heritage Impact Permit: Guide for Applicants (May 2011).

This report adheres to the Due Diligence Code of Practice and concludes it is unlikely that Aboriginal objects are present at the subject site. It establishes recommendations for the future management of Aboriginal archaeological potential and heritage values, in line with current statutory requirements. 2.3 Heritage Act 1977

The Heritage Act affords automatic statutory protection to ‘relics’ which form part of archaeological deposits. The Act defines a ‘relic’ as any deposit, object or material evidence that:

(a) relates to the settlement of the area that comprises New South Wales, not being Aboriginal settlement, and

(b) is of State or local heritage significance

Sections 139–145 of the Heritage Act prevent the excavation of a relic, except in accordance with an excavation permit (or an exception from the need for a permit) issued by the Heritage Council of New South Wales.

Section 139[1] of the Heritage Act states that:

A person must not disturb or excavate any land knowing or having reasonable cause to suspect that the disturbance or excavation will or is likely to result in a relic being discovered, exposed, moved, damaged or destroyed unless the disturbance or excavation is carried out in accordance with an excavation permit.

The historical archaeological component of this report considers whether the study area has potential to contain archaeological remains that would be considered ‘relics’ under the Heritage Act, and outlines recommendations for the future management of the site’s potential archaeological resource.

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2.3.1 The State Heritage Register (SHR)

The State Heritage Register (SHR) is established under the Heritage Act. It is a list of identified heritage items of significance to the state of New South Wales. It includes items and places (such as buildings, works, archaeological relics, movable objects or precincts) determined to be of State heritage significance. As previously noted, Rangihou Reserve is not listed on the SHR; however, it is in the vicinity of, and shares visual connections with SHR-listed items Broughton House, Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm. The SHR is established under Section 22 of the Heritage Act and, pursuant to Section 57(1) of the Act, the approval of the Heritage Council of NSW is required for the following:

s57(1) When an interim heritage order or listing on the State Heritage Register applies to a place, building, work, relic, moveable object, precinct, or land, a person must not do any of the following things except in pursuance of an approval granted by the approval body under Subdivision 1 of Division 3:

(a) demolish the building or work,

(b) damage or despoil the place, precinct or land, or any part of the place, precinct or land,

(c) move, damage or destroy the relic or moveable object,

(d) excavate any land for the purpose of exposing or moving the relic,

(e) carry out any development in relation to the land on which the building, work or relic is situated, the land that comprises the place, or land within the precinct,

(f) alter the building, work, relic or moveable object,

(g) display any notice or advertisement on the place, building, work, relic, moveable object or land, or in the precinct,

(h) damage or destroy any tree or other vegetation on or remove any tree or other vegetation from the place, precinct or land. 2.4 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

The EPA Act is administered by the NSW Department of Planning and provides for environmental planning instruments to be made to guide the process of development and land use. It provides for the protection of local heritage items and conservation areas through listing on LEPs. LEPs guide Local Councils in making planning decisions.

2.4.1 Parramatta Local Environment Plan 2011

Part of the ‘Wetlands’ (Item 1) listed on Schedule 5—Environmental Heritage the Parramatta LEP 2011 is located at Rangihou Reserve. It is also in the vicinity of, and shares visual connections with several other items listed in Schedule 5 of the LEP.

Parramatta LEP 2011 contains the following provisions relevant to heritage items and archaeology in Clause 5.10—Heritage Conservation.

The objectives of the ‘Heritage Conservation’ clause are listed as:

(a) to conserve the environmental heritage of Parramatta,

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(b) to conserve the heritage significance of heritage items and heritage conservation areas, including associated fabric, settings and views,

(c) to conserve archaeological sites,

(d) to conserve Aboriginal objects and Aboriginal places of heritage significance.

Clause 5.1(2) outlines provisions for development consent requirements for heritage items, archaeological sites and places of Aboriginal heritage significance:

(2) Development consent is required for any of the following:

(a) demolishing or moving any of the following or altering the exterior of any of the following (including, in the case of a building, making changes to its detail, fabric, finish or appearance):

(i) a heritage item,

(ii) an Aboriginal object,

(iii) a building, work, relic or tree within a heritage conservation area,

(b) altering a heritage item that is a building by making structural changes to its interior or by making changes to anything inside the item that is specified in Schedule 5 in relation to the item,

(c) disturbing or excavating an archaeological site while knowing, or having reasonable cause to suspect, that the disturbance or excavation will or is likely to result in a relic being discovered, exposed, moved, damaged or destroyed,

(d) disturbing or excavating an Aboriginal place of heritage significance,

(e) erecting a building on land:

(i) on which a heritage item is located or that is within a heritage conservation area, or

(ii) on which an Aboriginal object is located or that is within an Aboriginal place of heritage significance,

(f) subdividing land:

(i) on which a heritage item is located or that is within a heritage conservation area, or

(ii) on which an Aboriginal object is located or that is within an Aboriginal place of heritage significance.

Clause 5.10(4) establishes measures to evaluate the effects of proposed development on heritage items or heritage conservation areas:

(4) Effect of proposed development on heritage significance

The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause in respect of a heritage item or heritage conservation area, consider the effect of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the item or area concerned. This subclause applies regardless of whether a heritage management document is prepared under subclause (5) or a heritage conservation management plan is submitted under subclause (6).

Clauses 5.10(7) and 5.10(8) outline provisions regarding development on land where archaeological sites or places of Aboriginal heritage significance are known, or are reasonably likely, to be located:

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(7) Archaeological sites

The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause to the carrying out of development on an archaeological site (other than land listed on the State Heritage Register or to which an interim heritage order under the Heritage Act 1977 applies):

(a) notify the Heritage Council of its intention to grant consent, and

(b) take into consideration any response received from the Heritage Council within 28 days after the notice is sent.

(8) Aboriginal places of heritage significance

The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause to the carrying out of development in an Aboriginal place of heritage significance:

(a) consider the effect of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the place and any Aboriginal object known or reasonably likely to be located at the place by means of an adequate investigation and assessment (which may involve consideration of a heritage impact statement), and

(b) notify the local Aboriginal communities, in writing or in such other manner as may be appropriate, about the application and take into consideration any response received within 28 days after the notice is sent.

This report identifies heritage values associated with, and the likelihood that archaeological remains (both historical and Aboriginal) at, Rangihou Reserve. It also establishes how these values would be appropriately managed in accordance with relevant statutory provisions and the provisions of the LEP.

2.4.2 Parramatta Development Control Plan 2011

The Parramatta Development Control Plan (DCP) 2011 supplements the LEP 2011, and provides more detailed provisions to guide future development. Under Section 79C of the EPA Act, Council is required to take into consideration the relevant provisions of this DCP when determining an application for development. However, compliance with the provisions of this DCP does not guarantee that development consent will be granted.

Clause 3.5.1 (Heritage) of the Parramatta DCP 2011 includes the following overarching objectives in regards to heritage:

O.1 Appropriate management of heritage in the Parramatta LGA.

O.2 Retention and reinforcement of the attributes that contribute to the heritage significance of items, areas and their settings.

O.3 Maintenance and improvement to residential amenity and open space areas.

O.4 Development that is compatible with the significance and character of the area.

And the following relevant development controls:

Development near Heritage Items C.3 Where development is proposed that adjoins a heritage item identified in the Parramatta LEP 2011, the building height and setbacks must have regard to and respect the value of that heritage item and its setting.

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New Buildings C.19 A new building near an important heritage item, such as a church or hall (which might also be a local landmark) needs to be carefully designed. It must not try to copy the heritage item or compete with it for attention. It is best if the new building fits in with the character of the surrounding neighbourhood, leaving the heritage item to stand alone.

The Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (SREP) 28 Parramatta was repealed once the LEP was gazetted in 2011. The SREP objectives and controls are detailed and comprehensive for the Harris Park Precinct (Part 4), and include a number of Special Areas. These areas, including the Area of National Significance, were subject to the additional provisions of Clause 29N.

The Area of National Significance has been included in the DCP as a Special Area (at 4.3.2.1); however, there are no provisions for Special Areas under the LEP 2011. Several controls from the SREP have been transferred into the Parramatta DCP 2011, although some important SREP controls which relate to development within, and development affecting, the Area of National Significance have not been included. For example, the consideration of the impact that proposed development will have on the settings (emphasis added) of Elizabeth Farm House, Experiment Farm and Hambledon Cottage (2(b)(ii)); and the referral of development proposals to the National Trust and the Historic Houses Trust for comment (2(b)(v)) has been excluded from the DCP.

The LEP 2011 objectives require the conservation of the heritage significance of heritage items and conservation areas, including their settings and views. This overarching objective, if considered and interpreted consistently, could ensure that further compromises and impacts on the settings of the heritage items and conservation areas within the Area of National Significance are protected. Without specific reference in the LEP to the Area of National Significance, which provides a significant and appropriate ‘setting’ for the heritage items, the interpretation of the objective and the definition of setting may be applied inconsistently.

Appendix 2 of the DCP includes a diagram outlining historic view corridors to and from the Area of National Significance (refer to Figure 7.16).

The DCP contains the following design principles relevant to Clause 2.4.1—Views and Vistas:

P.1 Development is to preserve views of significant topographical features such as ridges and natural corridors, the urban skyline, landmark buildings, sites of historical significance and areas of high visibility, particularly those identified in Appendix 2 Views and Vistas. Refer also to Views and Vistas in the Harris Park Heritage Conservation Area in Part 4.

The views affecting the subject site include nos 3, 4 and 15, and are described below:

Identified view: No. 1-5, 11 and 12 on views map -Views from Elizabeth Farm and Harris Park colonial precinct north to the ridgeline of hills, river basin (area bounded by Victoria Road, James Ruse Drive, Prospect and Harris Streets) to trees along river, former Newlands, trees of former Rangihou, Wavertree, Macarthur Girls High School, marked by tall tree plantings, including bunya and hoop pines, visible above surrounding suburban development.

Significance: Broadest panorama views in Parramatta, of hills to the north allowing appreciation river valley landscape setting, the siting and interrelationships between key colonial farms and remnant early houses (marked by historic tall tree plantings of Elizabeth Farm, Newlands, Wavertree, Macarthur House, Rangihou). Also modern views of key historic farm plantings from major roads.

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Identified view: No. 13-16 on views map - Views from riverbank ridge defined by Thomas Street, North Parramatta, looking south down Stewart, Macarthur, Morton and Pemberton Streets to tall tree plantings of Hambledon Cottage, Experiment Farm, Elizabeth Farm and ridgeline of Harris Park colonial precinct.

Significance: Retain modern views of landmark tree plantings from the riverbank edge.

Clause 4.3.2 of the DCP contains the objectives and design principles for the Harris Park Precinct. The following principles are in regards to View Corridors:

P.34 Significant views must be protected from development. Consent must not be granted to development on land identified as being within a historic view corridor unless it has take into account the impact that the development may have on any such historic corridor.

P.35 The height and bulk of proposed development shall be modified as necessary in order to ensure that significant views are protected.

Clause 4.3.2.1—Special Areas contains specific objectives and design principles for the Area of National Significance, as follows:

C.1 Before granting consent for development within the Area of National Significance, the consent authority must be satisfied that:

(i) the scale, form, siting, materials and use of new development will not adversely affect the heritage significance of the Area of National Significance,

(ii) the existing allotment and development pattern, and the natural landform of the Area of National Significance will be maintained,

(iii) the original course of Clay Cliff Creek (as shown on the Harris Park Precinct Design Control Map) will be re-established or, if that is not reasonably practicable, permanent evidence of its original course will be provided by way of signs or other interpretative aids, and

(iv) that development does not impact upon or adversely affect the existing views into and out of the sites of Elizabeth Farm House, Experiment Farm Cottage and Hambledon Cottage, the Female Orphan School (University of Western Sydney Rydalmere Campus), the Parramatta River corridor and the Pennant Hills open space ridge line.

Clause 4.4 Heritage—Conservation Areas contains the objectives and design principles for Elizabeth Farm Conservation Area and Experiment Farm Conservation Areas. Relevant objectives for Elizabeth Farm Conservation Area (4.4.3.1) are included as follows:

O.3 Maintain and enhance public views from streets and between houses to the north over the Parramatta River.

And includes the following relevant control:

C.3 Keep and where necessary, reinstate identified historic views including those identified in Appendix 2.

A relevant objective in regards to the Experiment Farm Conservation Area (4.4.3.2) is as follows:

O.1 Protect all the attributes which contribute to the heritage value and character of the Experiment Farm Conservation Area, and to maintain and improve its residential amenity.

O.2 Ensure that Experiment Farm will always have an appropriate setting so that it can continue to tell the history of Colonial Australia to citizens and international visitors.

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And includes the following relevant controls:

C.3 Keep and enhance public views from streets and between houses to the city centre and north over the Parramatta River.

C.4 Keep and where necessary, reinstate identified historic views including those identified in Appendix 2. 2.5 Implications for Heritage Management

The statutory context outlined has implications for decision making about the future management of heritage at Rangihou Reserve. The statutory context also dictates, to some extent, a number of the management recommendations outlined in Section 9.0. 2.6 Endnotes

1 Office of Environment and Heritage 2012, ‘Regulation of Aboriginal cultural heritage’, viewed 20 September 2012, http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/licences/achregulation.htm

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3.0 Historical Overview

3.1 Introduction

The following historical analysis is important for its contribution to the assessment of the cultural significance of the site, and is based on primary and secondary sources referenced throughout. The following repositories were used during research—Mitchell Library (State Library of NSW), State Records of NSW, Sydney Water Plan Room, Land and Property Information Services. 3.2 Early History (1790s–1810s)

Land on this part of the northern bank of the Parramatta River, including the study area, was granted in two 60 acre farms by Governor Phillip to settlers ‘from the Sirius’ (Figure 3.1).1 The Morton Street site was located on Town Boundary Farm No. 7, with Town Boundary Farm No.6 directly to the east. These farms were owned by Robert Webb and William Reid. Watkin Tench visited Robert Webb in 1790, and described his farm thus:

He has received great encouragement and assistance from the governor. He has five acres cleared and planted with maize, which looks thriving, and promises to yield a decent crop. His house and a small one adjoining for pigs and poultry were built for him by the governor, who also gave him two sows and seven fowls, to which he adds a little stock of his own acquiring.2

Assistance from the governor included the provision of huts, land clearing, food, seed, agricultural tools, livestock, medical attention and convict labour.3 A plan from c1790 shows a small structure in the southeast portion of Town Boundary Farm No. 7, to the north of study area within 1A Morton Street (Figure 3.1). 3.3 Marsden’s 112 Acre Grant

Reverend Samuel Marsden was the principal Anglican clergyman in New South Wales from the 1790s to the 1820s. He had a major role in promoting the Christian religion. In addition, he was also a substantial landowner and served on many local committees promoting a more sober and industrious lifestyle. Since he also served as a magistrate meting out punishments to erring convicts, his reputation has suffered since he is more often remembered for his punishments than for his achievements in moral and religious matters. On the other hand, he is revered in New Zealand as the man who brought Christianity to that country and for his concern for the Maori. From 1793 onwards, Maori had been visiting the British colony in Australia, often seeking support or Western goods to assist in inter-tribal conflicts.4

In September 1806, Marsden met Ruatara (also known as Duaterra), a Maori of high status from the Bay of Islands. By then, Marsden held about 2,974 acres of land at Parramatta. On 28 August 1809, Marsden and his wife boarded convict transport Ann to return to NSW and met Ruatara again who was returning to NSW after serving as a sailor for some years. Ruatara was ill and destitute after poor treatment by ships' captains. Marsden befriended him and cared for him.5

When Marsden arrived in Sydney in February 1810, he could not immediately proceed with setting up missions in New Zealand after the massacre of most of the crew and passengers of the ship Boyd. Ruatara lived at Parramatta for 18 months where he worked on Marsden’s land learning how to grow grain for food and other skills 6

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 13

Marsden vigorously promoted agriculture to them. Late in 1811, two chief’s sons visited Marsden. One was a son of Te Pahi and the other was Toweetee [Kawiti].7 Marsden wrote in a letter of 20 November 1811 that:

This morning I took them in my Chaise to see Duaterra’s Farm, when they beheld his Wheat just ripe, his Pease, Beans etc, they were highly gratified and in a few minutes I observed them marking a Line across my Farm and cutting notches with a Knife in the Stumps of the Trees – I inquired what they were doing – They told me they were marking out a Farm for Toweetee Teetooa, that he would return to New Zealand the first opportunity, and bring one hundred men to work upon the Far. I told him I would give his as much Land as he liked, and he might begin to morrow. I think he will try what he can do.8

There is no documentary evidence that Marsden ever followed through with this statement and gave land permanently to either Ruatara [Duaterra] or any other Maori.

Marsden often welcomed Maori to Parramatta by showing them the church and the court as well as how to plant grain and raise livestock and how to read and write.9 In 1814, three Maori chiefs lived with Marsden for 3 months at Parramatta.10 A map of Parramatta of 1814 showed the land on the north side of the river where Rangihou was later built as ‘Mr Marsden’s Ground’ (Figure 3.2).11

In October 1815, the Anglican chaplains in Sydney agreed to set up a ‘small establishment’ to instruct the Maori on ‘civilisation and general improvement’.12 Until 1817 Samuel Marsden lived with his family in the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets, Parramatta. By September 1817, they were residing in the newly built parsonage erected between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta.13 For some time, Marsden had conducted a seminary for the Maori in his own house, implying that the seminary operated at both the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets as well as the new one between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta.14 In 1819, he reported that he had ‘Natives living with me for more than four years’.15

Early in 1819, Marsden was building a dwelling for his seminary, which became Rangihou cottage. He reported that, ‘I am now erecting a commodious building on an estate which I purchased on the banks of the river opposite to the town of Parramatta. … The estate contains upwards of 100 acres of land; and every operation of Agriculture, Gardening, Nursery, etc, may be carried on, with the exercise of the simple Arts’ (Figure 3.3). He noted that ‘The buildings are now in a forward state.’16

Marsden’s reference to a ‘purchase’ is odd. The land was granted to him but only some years later. There is no record of a sale of this land by an earlier promise to Marsden in the ‘Old Registers’ at Land and Property Information (LPI). In July 1819, Reverend John Butler reported that, ‘Mr Marsden has nearly completed the Seminary for the New Zealanders’ (Figure 3.4). There were then five men and one woman from New Zealand in Parramatta.17 The seminary was named ‘Rangihou’ (various spellings) after the village where he established Christianity in New Zealand.18

In response to a resolution that Aboriginals also be admitted to the seminary, Marsden cautioned against it in February 1819 since the Maori regarded the Aborigines as very inferior. ‘The New Zealanders would never be induced to live with them if it was possible to confine them. They cannot bear their degraded appearance; their conduct is so disgusting altogether, as well as their persons.’19

In February 1820, Marsden had 25 Maori living at Parramatta.20 At Parramatta, the Maori learned livestock management, blacksmithing, and nailmaking, brickmaking and the manufacture of cloth and flax, plus how to grow fruit and make wine.21

14 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

By early 1822, a total of 13 Maori who had attended the Parramatta seminary had died. Some died after returning to New Zealand. Four of them died in NSW.22 The remains of some were returned to New Zealand but some remains stayed in NSW. They may possibly have been buried in St John’s cemetery. Jones and Jenkins claimed that the St John’s records have ‘been destroyed’ but the burial register is still extant.23 It was checked to locate any Maori burials at St John’s cemetery, but none were listed.24 There is no evidence where they were buried.

On 1 November 1822, Samuel Marsden was formally granted 112 acres, bounded on the east by Reid’s farm, 39 chains, on the north by the Field of Mars Road [Victoria Road], 27 chains 20 links and 21 chains, on the west by a small creek, and on the south by Parramatta River.25 This was a valuable addition to his existing land holdings. Hence, the land on which the Rangihou seminary was built finally came into his formal possession.

Marsden stated in April 1822 that he would close the seminary due to the deaths of those attending it, possibly from the change in climate and their situation.26 However, Maori continued to visit Marsden at Parramatta. From October 1822, they lived with Marsden, but were then accommodated in the Institution for Native Black Children, which implies that Rangihou closed about September 1822 (Figure 3.5).27 When Henry and Marianne Williams, a missionary couple, arrived in April 1823, they found two Maoris living at Marsden’s residence.28

Marsden’s grandson, Reverend J S Hassall, later recorded that on his land at Parramatta in order to cater for the Maoris, that he had brought to New South Wales, Marsden ‘built a two-story [sic] weather-board house upon it for them, and laid out land for cultivation, so that they might be instructed in farming, as well as receive some education and religious teaching.’ It housed as many as 20 Maoris but fell into disuse when Marsden set up a school in New Zealand.29 However, though there are no surviving plans that indicate where the land laid aside for cultivation by the Maori was situated, it is possible that it may be on what is now Rangihou Reserve. As many as 100 Maoris are believed to have lived with the Marsden family.30

In essence, most Maori who lived (and died) at Parramatta were accommodated at Marsden’s parsonage, both the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets and the new one between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta. The Rangihou seminary only operated for a short space of three years.

From April to July 1823, Marsden accommodated the family of missionary Henry Williams at Rangihou, whilst they were waiting for transport to New Zealand. Marianne Williams wrote, ‘We are at present situated upon a steep slope on the bank of the river, nearly opposite to a water mill and Mr Marsden’s residence [the parsonage on the south side of the river]. Mrs Marsden is very kind in sending us daily a large jug of milk and other things frequently.’ 31

In 1824, after his New Zealand journey in 1823, Marsden was planning to set up another seminary. This time he planned to build the Seminary of stone.32 Nothing seems to have come of that proposal.

With regard to the former seminary that had been closed, Marsden wrote about it on 23 April 1826 noting that:

The building is still my property. No part of the expense attending it has been charged to the Society [Church Missionary Society], nor for the support of the New Zealanders who, from time to time, resided in it. … Should a Corresponding Committee be formed, and the Seminary found upon trial to answer the intended purpose, in that case I shall leave it to the option of the Society to purchase the building or to pay the Colonial Committee

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 15

interest for the amount of the money that has been expended, so long as the Seminary may be required for the original purpose.33

By 1827, Rangihou had been rented to John Raine.34 In December 1827, a Public Notice appeared in the press that John Raine had leased Samuel Marsden’s property known as ‘Rangatoo’ and it was now called ‘West Grove’.35 Raine soon established a considerable industrial enterprise on the leased estate. John Raine’s brother, Thomas Raine, was associated with Marsden and his New Zealand ventures.36

In February 1828, John Raine advertised for a gardener for West Grove at Parramatta. Applicants had to contact his overseer John Beal.37 Thomas Arnold, a baker, lived in a cottage on the West Grove estate at Parramatta from January to May 1828.38 By April 1830, John Raine’s property, West Grove at Parramatta, was contracted to supply salt meat to the government.39

An advertisement appeared on 24 April 1830 offering West Grove Cottage and premises at Parramatta to let (Figure 3.6). The house was described as having 2 sitting rooms, 3 bedrooms, a kitchen, butler’s pantry, a dairy, a poultry yard, a dove cote, a four stall stable, a harness room, coach house and well, plus a gardener's house, and five acres of kitchen, fruit and flower garden, along with three paddocks of 20 acres planted with English grasses, a shrubbery and walks. It was located on the left bank of the Parramatta River.40

Late in 1830, the West Grove leasehold estate at Parramatta with a term of 37 1/2 years still to run was subdivided for sale by Messrs Paul (Figure 3.7). There were various dates set aside for the auction but the date was postponed a number of times. Nevertheless, the property details were the same in each instance. West Grove had been divided into 10 lots, all with water access. The auctioneer claimed that with the rise of the colony and steamships, the property would appeal to many manufacturers of different types. Lot 2 of 3 acres 2 roods 31 perches was divided into garden beds and walks with a ‘snug well-built cottage’. Lot 3 of 3 roods 8 perches would appeal to the Crown or to the carcass butcher or supplier of salted meat. It had ‘the best slaughter-house in the country measuring 50 feet long by 53 1/2 wide, completely fitted up with stone flagging, windlass, etc. Two large boilers are fixed in solid brick work, one of 120 gallons, the other of 80.’ One of the cattle yards was flagged with stone. It adjoined a wharf. The buildings were then let to the government at the rate of £20 per month. Lot 7, which it was claimed would appeal to the buyer of the slaughterhouse on lot 3, had ‘a strong building, 200 feet in length and 34 feet in breadth’. ‘At the west end was a good house which commands a view from the parlour window of all comers and goers. The dwelling consists of four good-sized apartments. The long building comprises a coach- house, harness-room, flagged four-stalled stable, bakehouse containing two ovens erected in the first style, estimated to bake 9 bushels each, flour room and three capital rooms for cutting up, salting, draining meat etc. All these are flagged.’ There were also 2 pigsties, a spacious men’s hut of 3 rooms. There was a horse pond, well and tubs. The adjoining paddocks were planted with English grasses. (It would seem likely that the cottage also known as Rangihou would have been distant from the slaughter yard and associated facilities but the description and the proximity in the listing to lot 8 suggests that the slaughterhouse was close to Rangihou.) Lot 8 of 5 acres 1 rood 8 perches was the site of ‘West Grove Cottage’, with 2 parlours, 2 bedrooms, office, storeroom, pantry, kitchen, hall and it was situated on the top of the same beautiful sloping hill above described’. There was a clothes yard, stockyard and poultry yard adjacent to the house. In the poultry yard, was ‘a capital fowl-house, used by Sir Thomas Brisbane as a pheasantry’. Lot 8 had 300 feet of frontage to the river and ‘at the eastern corner there is erected a substantial wharf’. The flat next to the river was laid out as an ornamental garden, with ‘maizy [sic] walks, a neat summer-

16 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

house over-looks the water’. Lot 9 of 3 acres 2 roods 21 perches also fronted the river for 240 feet and was laid out as an ornamental garden and shrubbery. Lot 10 of 5 acres 1 rood 4 perches had a frontage of 350 feet to the river. ‘The bank is high and steep, on the top of which grows the shrubbery, with maizy walks, seats etc.’41 The description does not include all of the land from Marsden’s grant. The total area for sale was just a little less than 27 acres, only a small part of Marsden’s 112 acre grant. Though the deed of lease does not appear to have survived, the small area confirms that the area leased by Marsden to John Raine was the part of his estate in the immediate vicinity of Rangihou cottage.

That sale does not appear to have been successful. On 6 August 1831, Mr Knapp [probably E J H Knapp] was advertised to auction the unexpired lease of Rangihou or West Grove on Parramatta River opposite His Majesty’s Stores, with 37 years to run on behalf of Mrs M Raine (Figure 3.8). The lease would include ‘all the valuable timber-built erections made thereon, exclusive of the weatherboarded dwelling and necessary buildings, forming the only original buildings granted with the lease.’ If there were no purchasers, the materials on the site owned by the lessee would be sold. The list of materials confirmed that Marsden’s grant had been used as a slaughter yard, bakery and a boiling down works, with associated cottages for employees. A considerable quantity of stone paving was also included in the sale.42

Samuel Marsden died on 12 May 1838. In his will, he left the land at Parramatta known as Newlands to his trustees to sell. He made no other devises or gifts of that land. It was willed to his executors in one parcel. In his will of 18 October 1836 Samuel Marsden left:

All that my estate or farm called Newlands situate on the banks of the Parramatta River and containing by estimation - acres or thereabouts I give and devise the same to the said John Campbell, Hannibal Macarthur and William Macarthur their heirs and assigns Upon Trust that they said John Campbell, Hannibal Macarthur and William Macarthur and the survivor or survivors of these and the heirs executors or administrators of such survivor do and shall as soon as conveniently may be after my decease sell and absolutely dispose of the same either together or in parcels and either by public auction or private contract as they or he shall think best.43

Marsden had not given away or transferred any of the Newlands property except by sale. From the time he arrived in the colony until his death, no gift or transfer of this land was registered in either the ‘Old Registers’ or the Old System deeds at LPI.44 The Search Notes for the title to his Newlands Estate undertaken by the LPI’s title searchers for the first conversion of any land of his Newlands Estate in 1881 reveal no gifts or transfers except by sale.45 In addition, his will made no mention of any devise or gift of his Newlands Estate.

An auction of Marsden’s Newlands Estate by James Byrnes was held at the Red Cow Inn in Parramatta on 31 October 1839.46 Surveyor John Armstrong laid out the subdivision of Newlands. There is an extant copy of his plan at LPI but the copy is very poor and the surviving sheets of the layout do not extend as far as this land. In any case, no buildings are shown on the surviving sheets.47 A copy of that subdivision plan made by P L Bemi survives and shows the site of ‘Rangihou’ on Lot 45 but nothing on the rest of what became Rangihou Reserve (Figure 3.9).48

The land that was later incorporated into Rangihou Reserve formed part of the land sold to Pieter Laurentz Campbell plus Lots 43, 44, 46 and 46 of the Newlands Estate as subdivided and sold in 1839. The history of each parcel of land will need to be dealt with in turn starting from the easternmost parcel of land.

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 17

3.4 Rangihou Reserve Site History

3.4.1 Mrs Charles Marsden’s land

Before Samuel Marsden died and the Newlands Estate was subdivided for sale after his death, Marsden sold part of it to Pieter Laurentz Campbell. The following legal transactions were involved. A deed of Conveyance to uses to bar dower dated as 24 October 1837, included the following parties 1st Reverend Samuel Marsden 2nd Pieter Laurentz Campbell, 3rd Hugh Dickinson. By this deed, for a price of £700, Pieter Laurentz Campbell bought 8 acres from Reverend Samuel Marsden. The land was described as beginning at the southeast corner of Marsden's 112 acre grant and was bounded on the east by 19 chains 63 links, on the north by 4 chains, on the west by 20 chains and on the south by the Parramatta River.49 On 12 April 1838, Pieter Laurentz Campbell, mortgaged it to William Lawson for £1,000 along with 7 acres 3 roods bounded on the north by the High Road, on the east by William Reid’s land, and on the south by the 8 acres above.50 On 1 and 2 February 1839, by a deed of Lease and release, Pieter Laurentz Campbell, late of Parramatta, but now of Sydney, acting Colonial Treasurer, conveyed both parcels to Jane Catherine Marsden, of Parramatta, widow for £1,500 subject to the existing mortgage.51

There is a distant view of Parramatta painted in 1838 by Conrad Martens, which shows the house known as ‘Newlands’, but it is too distant and does not show the land that became the Rangihou Reserve.52

On 1 February 1876, a deed of Conveyance and mortgage was signed with the following parties: 1st Jane Catherine Marsden of Bathurst, widow, 2nd Hon William Byrnes of Parramatta, 3rd Thomas Kendall Bowden of Parramatta, solicitor. The land purchased included both the 8 acres plus 7 acres 3 roods and Lots 35 and 36 Newlands Estate. The property was sold to Thomas Kendall Bowden for £2,000 subject to a mortgage to Jane Catherine Marsden.53

A Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta published in November 1877 showed the area that became Rangihou Reserve as vacant land with no buildings (Figure 3.10).54 Though this work is an artistic interpretation, experience has revealed that it is often highly accurate.

Thomas Kendall Bowden died on 31 October 1879. On 19 November 1880, the mortgage was paid off and title re-conveyed by Jane Catherine Marsden to Mary Elizabeth Bowden, of Parramatta, widow.55 On 10 July 1891, Mary Elizabeth Bowden of Parramatta, widow, mortgaged her property to the Bank of NSW for £3,000.56

A survey of the foreshore of the river of 23 August 1895 showed no improvements on the part of Mrs Marsden’s land that became part of Rangihou Reserve.57

Mary Elizabeth Bowden could not repay the mortgage. On 20 August 1897, the Bank of NSW conveyed it to Sarah Emily Richards of Parramatta, widow, for £2,000. Three parcels of land were involved in the transaction. However, they had been combined so that they were as described in total as measuring 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches. Beginning at the northeast corner of Lot 30 Newlands Estate, the land was bounded on the west by Lot 30, 1,630 links & 519 links, on the north by Lot 30, 284 links, on the west by Lot 30, 778 4/5 links, on the south by Thomas Street, 45 1/10 links, on the west by the end of Thomas Street and Lots 37 and 42 and the end of New Zealand Street, 1,061 3/5 links, on the south by Lot 36, 236 2/5 links, on the west by Lot 43, 971 1/4 links, on the south by Parramatta River, 407 links, to the southeast corner of Marsden’s 112 acres. It was then bounded on the east by a road 50 links wide [Morton Street], 1,883 3/5 links and 2,135 4/5

18 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

links and on the north by Pennant Street [now Victoria Road], 426 1/2 links. Lot 30 Newlands Estate was also included.58

On 30 August 1906, Sarah Emily Richards, of Parramatta, widow conveyed that land to James Swanton Vickery of Bective Station near Tamworth, grazier, for £4,000.59 Vickery financed his purchase of that property by a mortgage of 14 August 1906 to Sarah Emily Richards of Parramatta, widow, for £3,500 for 3 years at 4%.60 James Swanton Vickery died on 14 August 1907.

A valuation of his estate by Charles Frederick Welch, Sydney, auctioneer and valuer noted that Vickery owned two parcels of land at Parramatta on the Newlands Estate of 23 acres 3 roods 2 perches and 18 acres 2 roods 22 perches with a total area of 42 acres 1 rood 24 perches valued at £4,500. The description noted that, ‘The above fronts Pennant Hills road [ie Pennant Street, later known as Victoria Road], Thomas Street and also has a frontage to the Parramatta river, and is highly improved with Dwelling house (known as Newlands) built of brick, containing 14 rooms, stable and coach house; out offices, garden, orchard and ornamental trees etc’. The property appears to have been a working farm as it had 1 Jersey bull, 6 cows of mixed ages, 1 heifer, 1 old buggy horse, 1 old carthorse, and 1 old bull. There were also 2 ploughs, one worth £1/10/0 and the other worth £2.61

The executors of James Swanton Vickery’s estate conveyed the land to Percival Stacy Waddy, of Parramatta, clerk in holy orders on 11 December 1908 for £100 subject to the existing mortgage. Both the 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches and Lot 30 Newlands Estate were included.62 Percival Stacy Waddy had become headmaster of King’s School, Parramatta, in October 1908. He wished to expand the school and bought Newlands on his own account when the school council opposed his plans. He named it The Farm School. It was intended for boys who would not follow their schooling by attending university. They learned wool classing, farm work and basic engineering. He also bought Morton House adjacent to add to that land and as accommodation for the boys.63 In 1908, Broughton House (once known as ‘Newlands’) became a residence for pupils of the King’s School.64

The existing loan was discharged on 15 September 1909.65 A new mortgage was signed the same day, by Percival Stacy Waddy, of Parramatta, clerk in holy orders to Gerald Gordon, of Townsville, accountant and Walter Mullens Vindin of Sydney, solicitor, for £2,500 for 5 years.66

The use of the property by the King’s School was formalised on 30 December 1909, when Percival Stacy Waddy leased the 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches and Lot 30 Newlands to the Council of King’s School for £166/3/6 per annum for 10 years.67

A sketch of the land held by King’s School in Thomas Street in the 1914 list of property owners in Gore Ward equates in length to the boundary of the land on the east of Lot 43 of the Newlands estate, ie the land that is now the Rangihou Reserve (Figure 3.11).68

Part of the land was sold by Waddy. On 6 June 1916, he sold the balance with Broughton House on it to the Council of King’s School for £300 plus £1,197/10/0 due on the existing mortgage. The new measurement of the land conveyed showed its area had been reduced to 10 acres 1 rood 35 perches. It was bounded on the north by 87 feet 10 inches, on the west by Lot 36 and the end of New Zealand Street, 634 feet 8 inches, on the south by Lot 43, 156 feet, on the west by Lot 43, 641 feet, on the south by Parramatta River, 268 feet 7 1/2 inches and on the east by a road 50 links wide [Morton Street], 1191 feet 8 inches.69 The owner of this land was recorded as the Kings School

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 19

in 30 August 1919 when the adjacent land was being converted to Torrens Title. The occupier was Isaiah Mutton.70

The Council of King’s School mortgaged the land to the Clergy Provident Fund (Sydney) on 30 September 1924 for £13,000 along with land in Caroline Street, Westmead.71 That loan was discharged on 16 October 1929.72

No buildings were shown on the site of the Rangihou Reserve on the relevant Parramatta Detail Survey sheet of November 1925.73 Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Record Sheet held by Sydney Water, which were used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet have no additional buildings added on the subject site (see Figures 17 and 18).74

An aerial photo of March 1930 showed the current Rangihou Reserve as vacant with some vegetation (Figure 3.12).75

An aerial photo of 1943 showed no buildings on this site. The site was mostly cleared with some vegetation though there appears to be less vegetation than in 1930 (Figure 3.13).76

A survey by George Edward Moore for the subdivision of the land that had been the subject of the deed numbered Book 1084 No 387 when the land was sold by Waddy to the King’s School was undertaken on 9 December 1953 (Figure 3.14). Lot A on the deed was Broughton House. Lot B was the site of the Morton Street depot. There were no buildings shown on Lot B, which had an area of 5 acres 2 roods 18 1/2 perches. Lot C is now part of Rangihou Reserve. A line of old posts was noted on Lot C on the plan.77 Lot C in that plan became part of Rangihou Reserve.

3.4.2 Lot 43 Newlands Estate

James Byrnes held an auction of the Newlands Estate at the Red Cow Inn in Parramatta on 31 October 1839. Lot 43 of that estate was described in the advertisement as having an ‘entrance to New Zealand-street at the northwest corner, has a frontage to Parramatta River on the south, and is situated nearly opposite the Wharf where the Steamers start from; it adjoins Mrs Marsden’s allotment on the east’.78 Lot 43 was not sold at auction and was offered again later.79

Surveyor John Armstrong had laid out the subdivision. There is an extant copy of his plan at LPI but that copy is very poor and the surviving sheets of the layout do not extend as far as this land. No buildings were shown on the surviving sheets.80 A copy of the subdivision plan made by P L Bemi only shows the site of Rangihou cottage [on Lot 45] but nothing on Lot 4381 (see Figures 8 and 9).

Lot 43 was offered again at auction on 26 December 1839 by James Byrnes who claimed that the values of lots sold at the earlier auction had already risen and that buyers were erecting buildings for occupation or letting.82

On 7 and 8 May 1840, in a deed of Conveyance to uses to bar dower, John Campbell and others as trustees of the will of Samuel Marsden conveyed this land to Henry Harvey, of Parramatta, gentleman, Nathaniel Payten, of Parramatta, builder and James Houison, of Parramatta, architect for £500. Lot 43 measured 2 acres 1 rood, and was bounded on the north by Lot 36, 235 1/2 links, on the east by Mrs Thomas Marsden, 957 links (631.62 feet), on the south by the Parramatta River, and on the west by Lot 44, bought by John Lord and Co.83 The price paid for this land was very high. There does not appear to have been any buildings or other constructions upon in. It may be that the development potential of that land, sited on the river, immediately opposite the government wharf and Byrnes' mills, may have influenced the price.

20 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

By a deed of Appointment and release of 13 May 1851, Henry Harvey, gentleman, sold his one- third share to Nathaniel Payten of Parramatta, builder, and James Houison of Parramatta, architect, for £200.84 Furthermore, on 21 November 1866, a deed of Partition was signed between James Houison of Parramatta, architect and builder, and his wife Ann; and Nathaniel Payten of Parramatta, landholder, and his wife Susannah; which divided the lands held in their partnership. James Byrnes, of Parramatta, esquire was involved to facilitate the deal for 10/- paid to Byrnes. Lot 43 was apportioned to Houison.85

A deed of Conveyance to uses dated as 26 August 1871, involved the following parties: 1st James Houison of Parramatta, gentleman, and his wife Ann; 2nd Annie Fairclough (daughter of James and Ann Houison) wife of Hugh Fairclough of Newlands, gentleman; and 3rd Neil Stewart of Parramatta, gentleman, as trustee for Annie Fairclough. The deed was a marriage settlement that vested Lots 40, 41, 42 and 43 of the Newlands estate for the benefit of Annie Fairclough.86

The Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta of 10 November 1877 showed this area as vacant land with no buildings (see Figure 3.10).87 Hugh Fairclough died on 30 June 1878.88

A survey of Parramatta River of 23 August 1895 was marked with ‘W’ on the foreshore of this land (Figure 3.15). This probably signified a wharf. There was also a dotted line behind the foreshore implying reclaimed land.89

A survey in August 1919 by E J Brown for a Real Property Application showed part of a stone wall extending into the river at the western boundary of this lot (Figure 3.16).90

On 30 August 1919, Annie Fairclough of Parramatta, widow, signed a Real Property Application to convert Lots 40-43, Newlands Estate to Torrens Title. The land was in her occupation.91 In the documentation for the conversion, a Rate Notice dated 17 April 1920 from Parramatta Council for Lot 43 showed it was ‘Enclosed land' only with an Unimproved Capital Value of £169 and an Improved Capital Value of £180, which would have covered the value of fencing.92

A Certificate of Title was issued to Annie Fairclough for Lots 40-43 on 3 June 1920.93 Lot 43 was transferred to Joseph Davis on 10 May 1923.94 A new Certificate of Title for Lot 43 alone was issued to Joseph Davis of Redfern, merchant, on 5 June 1923.95 Davis also bought Lot 44 adjacent (see Section 2.3)

The Parramatta Detail Survey sheet, which covers this area, was based on a survey of November 1925. No buildings were shown on that sheet (Figure 3.17).96

Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Record Sheet of Sydney Water used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet have no additional buildings added on this part of Lot 43 (Figure 3.18).

An aerial photo of March 1930 also shows some of the buildings on Lot 44 extended partially onto this site (Figure 12). Similarly, the 1943, aerial photo shows some buildings on Lot 44 creeping onto on this Lot (Figure 13). The land was mostly cleared with some vegetation.97

Joseph Davis of Parramatta, manufacturer and owner of Lot 43, died on 19 December 1943. A valuation of Lot 43 described the sole improvements as ‘Fencing, sheds and clearing’.98

A mortgage of 11 April 1944 to the Bank of NSW was discharged on 21 July 1947. Title to Lot 43 passed by transmission to Elsie Marion Huntley, wife of David Huntley of Parramatta, engineer, on 19 May 1947. It was transferred to Edith Mary Amelia Newsome, wife of Cecil Joseph Newsome of

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 21

Sydney, hotelkeeper, on 18 July 1947. A mortgage of 28 July 1947 to Leslie Vernon Harvey and others was discharged on 30 June 1949. After a transfer of 30 June 1949 to Maurice Francis Anderson of Parramatta, horse trainer, Lot 43 was again mortgaged to Leslie Vernon Harvey and others. The loan was discharged on 15 October 1953.99

On 20 January 1956, Lot 43 was transferred to Midlothian Investments Pty Ltd financed by a mortgage the same day to Alfred Owen Ellison and others.100 Lot 43 was included in a subdivision survey dated 19 November 1955 of Lots 43 and 44. Part of the area was to be dedicated as ‘Public Garden & Recreation Space’ that became part of Rangihou Reserve (Figure 3.19).101

On 3 January 1957, a notation was recorded on the Certificate of Title that DP 27317 included a Public Garden and Recreation Space. 102 A new Certificate of Title issued to Midlothian Investments Pty Ltd on 2 March 1959 included the Public Garden and Recreation Space. Part of the land was resumed by the Cumberland County Council on 16 July 1959.103 The residue of the title became the Public Garden and Recreation Space and became a new folio 1/120464. 104

A new Certificate of Title was issued to the Cumberland County Council on 21 July 1959 for 2 roods 6 3/4 perches for Lot 155 DP 128846—part of the Public Garden and Recreation Space.105 It was transferred to PCC on 5 June 1961, later becoming a new folio 155/128846.106

A survey dated 1 June 1995 of part of the former Lot 44 showed the notation in front of Lot 43 ‘Seawall demolished’ (Figure 3.20).107

3.4.3 Lot 44 Newlands Estate

For the auction of the Newlands Estate at the Red Cow Inn on 31 October 1839, Lot 44 was described as ‘bounded on the north by New Zealand-street; on the east by Lot 43; has also a fine frontage to the River, includes the Boat House and the old Wharf’.108 On 3 June 1845, it was conveyed by the trustees of the will of Samuel Marsden to George Oakes of Parramatta, esquire, for £184 along with a number of other lots. Lot 44 was bounded on the west by Lot 45, 8 chains 96 links, on the south by the Parramatta River, on the east by Lot 43, 9 chains 30 links, and on the north by New Zealand Street, 2 chains 42 links.109

An auction sale of parts of Newlands was advertised for 4 December 1844. The lots offered for sale included 6 lots of a subdivision of Lot 44. Two of the lots with a frontage of 69 feet 10 inches faced New Zealand Street. Two lots faced ‘a street communicating with New Zealand-street’ with frontages of 140 feet. The last two lots faced Parramatta River with frontages of 80 feet. The advertisement noted that these lots were ‘OPPOSITE THE STEAMERS’ WHARF and commanding a most magnificent and panoramic view of Parramatta and surrounding neighbourhood. Proverbially this is the most valuable and important site of the township—hence Messrs Byrnes, Payton [sic] and many others have fixed their original purchases here as possessions of “great price”.’110 The last was a pointed reference to Payten and Houison’s purchase of the adjoining Lot 43.

A plan on a deed of conveyance dated 19 February 1848 for Lot 45 adjacent showed the position of an old wharf and boat house on Lot 43 (Figure 3.24).111

The Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta of 10 November 1877 showed this area as vacant land with no buildings.112 George Oakes, of Parramatta died on 10 August 1881. Oakes’ Deceased Estate file merely listed his total property at Newlands as ‘Garden Newlands 400.0.0’ (ie £400).113

Under the terms of George Oakes’ will, on 21 April 1885, the trustees of his estate conveyed part of his estate to his daughter Lena Mary Oakes of Allengreen Parramatta, spinster, with Leslie Manton

22 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

Oakes of Mayfield, near Parramatta, gentleman; John Kerr Manton of Campbell Street, Parramatta, accountant; and Edwin Hurst Lane of Orange, grazier, appointed as trustees. Her one-third share of George Oakes’ estate included Lot 44 Newlands.114 On 4 February 1891 Lena Mary Oakes married Henry Josiah Parker of Orange, chemist.115

Lena Mary Parker, wife of Henry Josiah Parker, mortgaged Lot 44 to the Bank of NSW for £1,100 on 21 June 1892.116 On the Parramatta River survey of 23 August 1895, the wharf shown on the 1848 plan was now shown on the foreshore, with a dotted line on either side showing reclaimed land. The notation ‘Bath’ was shown on the site of the boathouse (Figure 15).117

The owner of Lot 44 was listed as Mrs Parker in 30 August 1919. It was occupied by Annie Fairclough.118 On 13 December 1921, Mrs Parker of Wood St, Manly, was shown as the owner. It was then occupied by F E Case, of New Zealand Street.119

By a conveyance of 21 June 1923, Lena Mary Parker sold Lot 44 to Joseph Davis of Redfern, merchant, for £525.120 Her earlier mortgage was discharged on 13 September 1923.121

By 1923, Davis had built ‘Everton’ racing stables. The stables, coach house and loft were later demolished. 122 A house, feed room and garage were built for Joseph Davis, by Parramatta builder, John Joseph Noller.123 On 11 April 1924, Joseph Davis of 63 Renwick Street, Redfern, manufacturing chemist (‘confectioner’ crossed out), mortgaged Lot 44 to the Bank of NSW for £2,000 to erect these buildings.124

The Parramatta Detail Survey of November 1925 showed the notation ‘Rubble Wall’ and the outline of the dock shown on the River on earlier plans. Davis’ stables and his house ’Everton’ were shown on Lot 44 but off the area that is now known as Rangihou Reserve (See Figure 17).125 Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Sheet Record of Sydney Water used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet have no additional buildings added on the subject site (Figure 18). The 1943 aerial photo showed no buildings on this site. The site was mostly cleared with some vegetation (Figure 3.13).126

Joseph Davis died on 19 December 1943. A valuation of Lot 44 described the improvements as a house named ‘Everton’ and other buildings, described as ‘Brick on stone double fronted cottage five rooms kitchen and offices [ie service facilities such as laundry], tile roof garage stables feed room harness room and loft’.127

The mortgage to the Bank of NSW was discharged on 21 July 1947, with the title passing to Elsie Huntley, executor of Joseph Davis’ will.128 Previously, on 18 July 1947, Elsie Huntley had conveyed the land to Edith Mary Amelia Newsome, wife of Cecil Joseph Newsome of Sydney, hotelkeeper, for £2,750.129 The ownership of Lot 44 moved in conjunction with Lot 43. On 28 July 1947, she mortgaged that land to Leslie Vernon Harris, Ernest David Farrell and Henry James Babbage, (trustees of the United Ancient Order of Druids Friendly Society Grand Lodge) for £2,000 at 5.5%.130 The loan was discharged on 30 June 1949.131 On 30 June 1949, Edith Mary Amelia Newsome, wife of Cecil Joseph Newsome, conveyed the land to Maurice Francis Anderson of Parramatta, horse trainer, for £2,750.132 He also took out a loan from the same mortgagees for £2,000 at 5.5%.133 It was discharged on 5 October 1953.134

A subdivision survey of 19 November 1955 showed ‘Old stone sea wall’ in front of the western half of Lot 15 DP 27317 plus an area to be dedicated as ‘Public Garden & Recreation Space’ (Figure 3.19).135

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 23

On 20 January 1956, Maurice Francis Anderson conveyed Lot 44 plus the land in C T 4460 f 145 to Midlothian Investments Pty Ltd of 80 Macquarie Street, Parramatta for £8,650.136 The company mortgaged Lot 44 except for the land in Lot 3 in the subdivision of the land to Midlothian Investments Pty Ltd to Alfred Owen Ellison of Sydney, solicitor; George Joseph Evatt of Sydney, civil servant; and Kathleen Mabel Hinds of Mosman, widow; on 20 January 1956 for £4,000 for 3 years at 7%.137 The loan was discharged on 5 March 1961.138 A survey of 5 May 1958 of the Public Garden showed ‘Old Stone Sea Wall’ fronting the former Lot 44 (Figure 3.21).139

3.4.4 Lot 45 Newlands Estate

Samuel Marsden built a seminary to educate the sons of Maori chiefs as Christians. It was named ‘Rangihou’ after the village where he established Christianity in New Zealand.140 His grandson, Reverend J S Hassall, later recorded that on his land at Parramatta, in order to cater for the Maoris Marsden brought to New South Wales, he had ‘built a two-story [sic] weather-board house upon it for them, and laid out land for cultivation, so that they might be instructed in farming, as well as receive some education and religious teaching.’ It housed as many as 20 Maoris but fell into disuse when Marsden set up a school in New Zealand.141 ‘Rangihou’ was situated south of New Zealand Street and is off the study site. However, though there are no surviving plans that indicate where the land laid aside for cultivation by the Maori was situated, some of that land may be within the boundaries of Rangihou Reserve. As many as 100 Maoris are believed to have lived with the Marsden family while attending the college at Rangihou.142

By 1827, Rangihou had been rented to John Raine.143 In December 1827, a Public Notice appeared in the press that John Raine had leased Samuel Marsden’s property known as ‘Rangatoo’ and it was now called ‘West Grove’.144 (See Section 1.0 for fuller detail about Rangihou from 1819 to 1838.)

A sketch of Rangihou from the southwest was made by Reverend Richard Taylor about 1836. It showed a two-storey weatherboard cottage with a smaller outbuilding near the river (Figure 3.22).145

Another sketch from about the same time by Reverend Richard Taylor who had been housed there by Marsden was titled ‘View from my bedroom window at Rangihoa’. It looked across Parramatta River to Byrnes’ mills. In the foreground, on the water’s edge, the boathouse marked on later plans may be seen plus what appears to be the wharf. The quality of the image on microfilm that is all that is available is poor.146

The auction sale notice of the Newlands Estate included this as Lot 45. It was noted that it ‘Includes Rangihou Cottage, Garden, etc. This is an extremely choice and valuable lot, a neat Residence already being on it, having a back entrance to New Zealand-street, and a full frontage to the River’.147

By 1841, according to one source, Rangihou cottage was falling into ruins.148 Yet, in April 1841, Mrs Griffiths was conducting a private school charging 50 guineas per term at ‘Rangahoo House’ in Parramatta.149

It was not sold immediately and it was not until 19 February 1848 that a conveyance for this lot was signed. That deed had the following parties: 1st John Campbell and others (trustees of will of Samuel Marsden); 2nd Charles Campbell, Sydney; and 3rd William Byrnes, Parramatta, merchant. Lot 45 had originally been sold to Charles Campbell at the auction and he had paid a deposit of £66. He later sold it to William Byrnes for £700. This deed regularised those transactions. Lot 45 measured 3 acres 13 perches and was bounded on the east by Lot 44 sold to John Lord and Co, 8

24 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

chains 95 links, on the south by Parramatta River, on the west by Lot 46 sold to Dr Robertson, 8 chains 55 links and on the north by New Zealand Street, 3 chains 55 links.150 Significantly, a plan on the deed showed ‘Rangihu’ cottage plus two small outbuildings on Lot 45 (Figure 3.24).151

On 21 September 1863, various parcels of land including Lot 45, were mortgaged by James Byrnes, William Byrnes and his wife Ann, to the Trustees of the Liverpool and London Fire and Life Assurance Co for £10,000.152 That loan was not repaid and on 7 November 1867, the trustees of the firm now named the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Co conveyed Lot 45 to Hugh Fairclough, of Parramatta, esquire for £500.153

The first Parramatta Council Valuation of 1864 listed three houses owned by J and W Byrnes worth £15, £15 and £3 per annum.154 In 1868, the property was recorded with two houses worth £10 per annum each plus vacant land worth £4 per annum.155 In 1870, the property was described as having an orchard worth £12 per annum and an iron house worth £35 per annum.156

The Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta of 10 November 1877 showed some remnant buildings near New Zealand Street but they were not in the same position as Rangihou Cottage as shown in the 1848 sketch on the deed (Figure 3.10).157

On 1 June 1914, the land was listed as being owned by the Perpetual Trustee Co as trustees of the will of Hugh Fairclough and it was occupied by Annie Fairclough, of Parramatta, widow.158 A survey by E J Brown of August 1919 for a Real Property Application showed the boundaries of the land only (Figure 3.25).159

A Real Property Application was completed by the Perpetual Trustee Co as trustees of the will of Hugh Fairclough on 3 November 1919 for Lots 37-39 and Lot 45 Newlands Estate. Lot 45 was recorded as being occupied by F E Case.160

A Council rate notice of 17 April 1920 included as part of the documentation for the conversion to Torrens Title showed for part of Lot 45 that there was a house on one part of Lot 45 with an Unimproved Capital Value of £126 and an Improved Capital Value of £280. The other part of Lot 45 was described as having ‘Ruins and land’ with an Unimproved Capital Value of £209 and an Improved Capital Value of £225.161 Unfortunately, the plan completed for the Real Property Application showed no detail of the position of these buildings.

On 22 March 1921, a Certificate of Title was issued to the Perpetual Trustee Co for Lots 37-39 and 45 Newlands Estate. Part of Lot 45 was transferred to John Joseph Noller on 9 July 1925. The residue of Lot 45 was transferred to Leslie James Hill, the same day.162

The Parramatta Detail Survey sheet of November 1925 showed a galvanised iron building positioned in the middle of the lot but nothing in the southern part where Rangihou Reserve was later set up (Figure 3.17).163 Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Record Sheet of Sydney Water, used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet, had no additional buildings added on the subject site (Figure 3.18).

Lot A Part Lot 45 Newlands Estate

A Certificate of Title was issued for Lot A, comprising the western part of Lot 45 to Leslie James Hill, of Molonglo near Queanbeyan, joiner on 28 August 1925.164 PCC accepted a plan of subdivision of this land in April 1929 (Figure 3.26). The southern part numbered as Lot 4A included land that would later be incorporated into Rangihou Reserve.165

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 25

The aerial photo of 1943 showed cottages had been built on the three lots facing New Zealand Street, which were later known as Numbers 3, 5, and 7 New Zealand Street. The rest of the land was mostly cleared with vegetation (Figure 3.13).166 On 21 March 1950, the residue of the land (Lot 4A) was transferred to Basile Giannoulis.167 The part that was Lot 4A was occupied by what seems to be a market garden. In 1932-3, the occupier of this land appears to have been C Sing, market gardener.168

Lot 4A of 1 acre 1 roods 32 1/4 perches (southwestern part of Lot 45 Newlands Estate)

A Certificate of Title was issued for Lot 4A to Basile Giannoulis of Parramatta, café proprietor, on 15 August 1950. His mortgage to the Bank of NSW of 14 March 1950 was discharged on 23 November 1959. A mortgage of 27 October 1959 to the Commonwealth Trading Bank of Australia was discharged on 7 May 1965. Two mortgages, later discharged, followed on 7 April 1965 to Marie Rosalind Donnelly of Narellan, married woman, and to Charles Albert Brewer of Strathfield, retired, and his wife Teresa Lilian. On 31 August 1966, an easement was granted to the M W S & D B.169 On 2 August 1974, a plan was compiled of the land to be acquired by resumption, part of Lot 4A (Figure 3.27).170

Lot 1 of DP 587055 was transferred to the NSW Planning and Environment Commission on 14 October 1977.171 It included part of the Rangihou Reserve.

Lot B Part Lot 45 Newlands Estate

A Certificate of Title was issued on 28 August 1925 for Lot B, the eastern part of Lot 45 to John Joseph Noller, of Parramatta, builder. A mortgage of 9 July 1925 to L Harper and Co was discharged on 13 September 1926. On 3 November 1926, Lot B was transferred to Hilda Taite and Mildred Newling as tenants in common.172

New Certificates of Title were issued to Hilda Taite, wife of William Taite of Parramatta, actor, and Mildred Newling, wife of Edward Newling of Parramatta, labourer, on 23 November 1926.173 On 3 November 1926, Lot B was mortgaged to Amy Blanche Glennie of Concord, widow. A second mortgage, the same day to John Joseph Noller of Parramatta, builder, showed that Noller had erected buildings on the land for them.174 By 1932-3, E J Newling and Jefferson Tate [sic] were listed as living in New Zealand Street. Their cottages were both listed as No 11.175 The mortgage to Noller was discharged on 31 January 1928.176 On 3 May 1943, separate parts of the land were transferred to Hilda Taite and Mildred Newling so that they acquired full ownership of separate parcels of land.177 The 1943 aerial photo showed buildings in the middle of these parcels, which would be the cottages, occupied by the Taite and Newling families. The southern parts that later became part of the reserve was mostly cleared with some vegetation (Figure 3.13).178

Lot D of 2 roods 24 1/2 perches

Lot D was the easternmost part of Lot 45 Newlands Estate, which came into the ownership of Hilda Taite. In January 1943, a plan of subdivision of the land held by Hilda Taite and Mildred Newling was accepted by PCC so that they could split it into separate parcels (Figure 3.28).179

A Certificate of Title for Lot D was issued to Hilda Taite, wife of William Taite on 14 September 1943. The existing mortgage was discharged on 8 August 1951. On 18 June 1951, title was transferred to Lindsay Jefferson Taite of Parramatta, salesman. On 14 August 1951, it was transferred to Elizabeth Downie, wife of William Downie of Rossmore, farmer, followed on 8 April 1954, by a transfer to Ivy Ethel Butler of Parramatta, widow. The M W S & D B was granted an

26 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

easement on 4 May 1960. On 9 October 1970, by a Section 93 Application, the passed to Robert Kennedy MacCulloch of Beecroft, chartered electrical engineer, after her death on 25 April 1970. It was then transferred to Ray Richard Moulds of Parramatta, builder, on 21 October 1970.180 The title was later converted to a computer folio.

Lot C of 2 roods 22 perches

Lot C was part of Lot 45 Newlands Estate west of Lot D above that passed into the ownership of Mildred Newling (Figure 3.28). A Certificate of Title for Lot C was issued to Mildred Newling, wife of Edward Newling of Parramatta, labourer, on 14 September 1943. The existing mortgage was discharged on 13 April 1944. On 20 March 1944, it was transferred to Isabel Elsie Schumacher of St Kilda, Victoria, married woman, who transferred it to Clifton Whitfield Moulds of Dural, orchardist, on 28 July 1947. The M W S & D B was granted an easement on 13 January 1960. On 6 October 1978, it was transferred to Ray Richard Moulds of Parramatta, retired.181 The title was later converted to a computer folio.

3.4.5 Lot 46 Newlands Estate

Lot 46 was described for the auction of the Newlands Estate on 31 October 1839 described as ‘A Corner Allotment, has a frontage to New Zealand-street on the north; to Macarthur-street on the west; and to the River on the south’.182 By a deed of Lease and release of 7 and 8 May 1840, the trustees of the will of Samuel Marsden conveyed to Reverend Henry Hodgkinson Bobart the following parcels of land: Lots 7 & 8; Lots 37-39; and Lot 46 for £1,047. Lot 46 measured 1 acre 3 roods 13 perches and it was bounded on the west by Macarthur Street, 780 links, on the south by the Parramatta River, on the east by Lot 45 bought by Charles Campbell, 855 links, and on the north by New Zealand Street, 226 links.183 The plan on the deed of 19 February 1848 regarding Lot 45 showed the position of a fence running down to the water on Lot 46 enclosing what appears to have been the land surrounding Rangihou Cottage (Figure 3.24).184

In his will of 1 June 1840, Henry Hodgkinson Bobart, clerk, left his property in trust for the benefit of his wife Elizabeth Mary Bobart with the remainder to his daughter Mary Elizabeth Bobart. He specified that the land he had bought at Newlands sale be left to Elizabeth Mary Bobart.185 On 28 December 1841, Mary E Bobart and Elizabeth Mary Bobart appointed William Frederick Bassett as their trustee.186 Henry Hodgkinson Bobart died on 19 July 1854.187

By an agreement dated 8 September 1863, William Frederick Bassett transferred all the rights and responsibilities to Robert Farrance.188 By a deed of Conveyance dated as 16 March 1865, William Frederick Bassett of Bathurst, surgeon, sold Lot 46 to Robert Farrance, of Parramatta for £50.189 The Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta of 10 November 1877 showed this area as vacant land with no buildings. There appears to have been an orchard or vegetation upon it (Figure 3.10).190 The 1875 Valuation Book showed Farrance had an orchard on the land worth £10 per annum.191

By her will of 22 November 1889, Mary Ann Farrance, of Parramatta, widow of Robert Farrance appointed executors to sell her lot at Newlands soon after her death and give the proceeds to her daughter Sarah Sutton.192 Mary Ann Farrance of Parramatta, widow, died on 5 March 1899. A valuation of the real estate of Mary Ann Farrance dated 5 April 1899 by W A Brodie, Sydney and Parramatta showed Lot 46 was worth £183. The land was vacant.193

A survey of May 1914 by R H Mathews for a Real Property Application, showed the boundaries and the high water mark only (Figure 3.29).194

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 27

A Real Property Application for Lot 46 measuring 1 acre 3 roods 9 perches was made on 1 June 1914 by Henry Thomas Sutton of Parramatta, baker, as trustee of the will of Mary Ann Farrance. The land was unoccupied.195 A council rate notice of 14 August 1914 gave the Unimproved Capital Value as £87 and the Improved Capital Value as £100.196 In October 1914, R H Mathews also completed a subdivision survey of Lot 46 (Figure 3.30). The southernmost part became Lots 9 and 10 of DP 7950. No details were shown on the plan of any buildings or other structures.197

A Certificate of Title was issued for Lot 46 to Henry Thomas Sutton on 5 December 1914. Lots 9 and 10 of DP 7950 were transferred to Pierce Nathaniel Frederick Sutton of Parramatta, blacksmith, on 16 June 1917. 198

Lots 9 and 10 DP 7950

A Certificate of Title was issued on 17 July 1917 to Pierce Nathaniel Frederick Sutton for Lots 9 and 10. On 28 March 1918, he mortgaged them to the Assurance and Thrift Association Ltd, which was discharged on 5 October 1922. It was followed by a mortgage to Frederick James Willis of Parramatta, joiner, on 18 May 1923, which was discharged on 9 January 1926.199

A building later known No 6 Macarthur Street on Lot 9 was shown on the Parramatta Detail Survey sheet in November 1925 (Figure 3.14).200 This had probably been financed by the mortgages he had taken. Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Sheet Record of Sydney Water, used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet, showed that a cottage later known as No 4 Macarthur Street was added on the subject site (Figure 3.15). A mortgage of 30 November 1928 to Walter John Coath of Mosman, gentleman, may have financed the erection of that building. That loan was discharged on 11 March 1937.201 No 4 Macarthur Street first appeared in Sands Directory in 1930.202

The aerial photo of 1943 showed these buildings on the site. The rest of the site was mostly cleared with scrubby vegetation (Figure 3.10).203 On 21 April 1950, part of that land (Lot 9), including what later became Rangihou Reserve, was transferred. The residue (Lot 10), which included the future Rangihou Reserve, was transferred to Thomas Kerr Simpson on 16 October 1950.204

Lot 9 DP 7950

A Certificate of Title was issued on 4 January 1950 for Lot 9 to Lindon Royce Harper of Parramatta, painter, and his wife Myra. It was mortgaged to the Northern Districts Home Building Co-op Society No 12 Ltd on 21 April 1950. After their deaths the property passed on 29 February 1960 by a Section 94 Application to Brian Harper of Parramatta, cook, who discharged the mortgage on 3 March 1961. A new mortgage to Custom Credit Corp Ltd of 8 November 1960 was discharged on 18 August 1961.205

On 3 August 1961, Lot 9A was transferred to Basile Giannoulis of Parramatta, contractor. An initial mortgage of 3 August 1961 to Rosa Schaffa of Kings Cross, widow, was followed by numerous others.206 He was probably using the land as security for loans that supported his projects. They were dated 10 April 1964, 10 December 1964, and 2 November 1966, followed by another of 17 August 1971 to Min Bros Projects Pty Ltd.207 The title then became C T 11681 f 147, which was not researched any further.

Lot 10A DP 7950

A Certificate of Title was issued to Thomas Kerr Simpson of Parramatta, steel control clerk, for Lot 10A on 27 February 1951. On 16 October 1950, it was mortgaged to the Fairfield Parramatta District

28 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

(No 1) Co-op Building Society Ltd, which was discharged on 31 December 1961. The M W S & D B resumed an easement on 4 July 1961.208

The lot was transferred to Basile Giannoulis on 24 November 1964. There was a series of mortgages of the land on 10 December 1964, 2 November 1966 and 15 July 1979, all later discharged.209 The title then became C T 12811 f 37, which was not researched any further.

A plan of land to be acquired by resumption, part of Lot 4A and Lots 9A and 10A DP 369219 (part of the former DP 7950) was compiled on 2 August 1974. The location of the weatherboard cottages No 4 and No 6 Macarthur Street were shown on that plan, showing they were located on part of Rangihou Reserve (Figure 3.27).210

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 29

Figure 3.1 Detail of subject site (outlined) from c1791Map showing the towns of Parramatta and settlements of Rose Hill, Field of Mars and Toongabbie. (Source: GML 2000, Parramatta Historical Archaeological Landscape Management Study, Volume 3 with GMlL 2012 additions)

30 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

Figure 3.2 Map of Parramatta in 1814, showing the ground where Rangihou was later built as 'Mr Marsden's Ground'. (Source: ML Map M2 811.1301/1814/1 with GML additions 2012)

Figure 3.3 Samuel Marsden's reference to building a seminary. Figure 3.4 Reverend John Butler's report that the seminary (Source: The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304) was almost complete. (Source: The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 305)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 31

Figure 3.5 Report from 1824 indicating Rangihou seminary Figure 3.6 Lease advertisement for West Grove cottage also closed in 1822. (Source: The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p known as Rangihou. (Source: Monitor, 24 April 1830, p 3) 77)

32 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

Figure 3.7 Sale advertisement for West Grove cottage (lot 8) Figure 3.8 Auction sale notice for West Grove estate. formerly known as Rangihou. (Source: Monitor, 6 Oct 1830, p 1) (Source: Sydney Gazette, 2 Aug 1831, p 1)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 33

Figure 3.9 This copy of the Newlands subdivision plan was made in later years. It shows Newlands House now known as Broughton House. It shows no buildings or any other structures in the area of the current Rangihou Reserve. (Source: ML Map M2/811.1312/1840?/1, with GML additions 2012)

34 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

Figure 3.10 The 1877 Bird's Eye View shows the land where Rangihou Reserve was later established was vacant. (Source: Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 35

Figure 3.11 This sketch showed the land owned in 1914 by The King's School. It included part of the current Rangihou Reserve in the southwest corner of the block. This sketch is not to scale. (Source: Register of Owners, Gore Ward, 1914, Parramatta Local Studies Collection, p 74)

36 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

Figure 3.12 This aerial photo of March 1930 showed Rangihou Reserve as vacant. (Source: SR Map 32241 with GML 2012 additions)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 37

Figure 3.13 The 1943 aerial photo showed Rangihou Reserve as vacant, except for two weatherboard cottages at 4 and 6 Macarthur Street . (Source: 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/)

38 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

Figure 3.14 The December 1953 subdivision plan of the land owned by the King’s School as part of Broughton House included part of Rangihou Reserve (Lot C). It was shown as devoid of buildings. (Source: DP 162815 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 39

Figure 3.151 The Parramatta River survey of August 1895 showed details of structures along the foreshore of the river. (Source: P.230.574. Sheet 8, Crown Plan with GML additions 2012)

40 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012

Figure 3.16 The Real Property Application survey of Lot 43 showing part of the stone wall. (Source: DP 72153 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012 41

Figure 3.17 The Parramatta Detail Survey sheet of 1925 showed some details of the river foreshore and the future site of Rangihou Reserve. (Source: Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room with GML additions 2012)

42 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—Draft Report, November 2012