Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta Heritage Assessment

Report prepared for Parramatta City Council March 2013

Report Register

The following report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment undertaken by Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd in accordance with its quality management system. Godden Mackay Logan operates under a quality management system which has been certified as complying with the Australian/New Zealand Standard for quality management systems AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008.

Job No. Issue No. Notes/Description Issue Date

12-0380 1 Draft Report 24 October 2012

12-0380 2 Revised Draft Report 18 January 2013

12-0380 3 Final Report 28 March 2013

Copyright and Moral Rights Historical sources and reference material used in the preparation of this report are acknowledged and referenced at the end of each section and/or in figure captions. Reasonable effort has been made to identify, contact, acknowledge and obtain permission to use material from the relevant copyright owners.

In accordance with the contract terms for this project GML:

 vests copyright in all material produced by GML (but excluding pre-existing material and material in which copyright is held by a third party) in the client for this project (and the client’s successors in title);

 retains the right to use all the material produced by GML for this project for GML’s ongoing business and for professional presentations, academic papers or publications; and

 waives the Moral Rights of both GML and the project team members in this work, in accordance with the (Commonwealth) Copyright (Moral Rights) Amendment Act 2000.

Contents Page

1.0 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Project Background ...... 1 1.2 Site Location...... 1 1.3 Community Consultation ...... 1 1.4 Limitations ...... 2 1.5 Authorship and Acknowledgements ...... 2 1.6 Abbreviations ...... 2

2.0 Statutory Context ...... 5 2.1 Preamble ...... 5 2.2 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 ...... 5 2.2.1 Due Diligence Approach ...... 6 2.3 Heritage Act 1977 ...... 6 2.3.1 The State Heritage Register (SHR) ...... 7 2.4 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 ...... 7 2.4.1 Parramatta Local Environment Plan 2011 ...... 7 2.4.2 Parramatta Development Control Plan 2011 ...... 9 2.5 Implications for Heritage Management ...... 12 2.6 Endnotes ...... 12

3.0 Historical Overview ...... 13 3.1 Introduction ...... 13 3.2 Early History (1790s–1810s)...... 13 3.3 Marsden’s 112 Acre Grant ...... 13 3.4 Rangihou Reserve Site History ...... 18 3.4.1 Mrs Charles Marsden’s land ...... 18 3.4.2 Lot 43 Newlands Estate ...... 20 3.4.3 Lot 44 Newlands Estate ...... 22 3.4.4 Lot 45 Newlands Estate ...... 24 3.4.5 Lot 46 Newlands Estate ...... 27 3.5 Endnotes ...... 55

4.0 Site Analysis...... 61 4.1 Site Inspection ...... 61

5.0 Aboriginal Archaeology ...... 67 5.1 Environmental Context ...... 67 5.1.1 Geology and Soils ...... 67 5.1.2 Landforms and Topography ...... 67 5.1.3 Hydrology ...... 68 5.1.4 Vegetation and Fauna ...... 68 5.1.5 Modern Land Use and Disturbance ...... 68 5.2 Aboriginal Archaeological Context ...... 69 5.2.1 Ethnohistory ...... 69 5.2.2 Relevant Local Literature ...... 70

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

5.2.3 AHIMS Search ...... 72 5.3 Assessment of Aboriginal Archaeological Potential ...... 72 5.4 Endnotes...... 77

6.0 Historical Archaeological Assessment ...... 79 6.1 Desktop Analysis...... 79 6.1.1 Historical Development ...... 79 6.1.2 Previous Historical Archaeological Studies ...... 80 6.2 Site Disturbance ...... 81 6.3 Assessment of Historical Archaeological Potential ...... 82 6.3.1 Phase 1: Early History (1788–1819) ...... 82 6.3.2 Phase 2: Samuel Marsden and Rangihou (1819–1827) ...... 82 6.3.3 Phase 3: Subdivision and Sale (1827–1950s) ...... 83 6.3.4 Phase 4: Rangihou Reserve (1950s–Present) ...... 84 6.3.5 Summary ...... 84 6.4 Endnotes...... 88

7.0 Heritage Items and Historic Views ...... 89 7.1 Introduction ...... 89 7.2 Heritage Items within the Site ...... 89 7.2.1 Wetlands: Parramatta River (CPHI 1) ...... 89 7.3 Heritage Items within the Vicinity ...... 90 7.3.1 Site of Rangihou Seminary ...... 91 7.3.2 Gasworks Bridge: Parramatta River (CPHI 487, RMS S170 Register 4301684) ...... 93 7.3.3 Newlands Gates and Plantings: 1 Macarthur Street (CPHI 544) ...... 94 7.3.4 Wavertree and Palms: 10 New Zealand Street and rear of 5, 7 & 9 Rangihou Crescent (CPHI 534, 522) ...... 94 7.3.5 Broughton House: 43a Thomas Street (SHR, CPHI 1302) ...... 95 7.3.6 Area of National Significance Special Area, Harris Park Precinct ...... 96 7.4 Endnotes...... 106

8.0 Significance Assessment ...... 107 8.1 Preface ...... 107 8.2 Significance Assessment of the Subject Site ...... 107 8.2.1 Guidelines ...... 107 8.2.2 Assessing Archaeological Significance ...... 107 8.2.3 Bickford and Sullivan’s Questions ...... 108 8.3 NSW Heritage Criteria for Assessing Significance ...... 111 8.3.1 Criterion A: Historical Significance ...... 111 8.3.2 Criterion B: Historical Associations ...... 111 8.3.3 Criterion C: Aesthetic Significance ...... 112 8.3.4 Criterion D: Social Significance ...... 112 8.3.5 Criterion E: Technical/Research Potential ...... 113 8.3.6 Criterion F: Rarity ...... 113 8.3.7 Criterion G: Representativeness ...... 113 8.4 Statement of Significance ...... 114 8.5 Endnotes...... 114

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

9.0 Conclusions and Management Recommendations ...... 115 9.1 Introduction ...... 115 9.2 Conclusions ...... 115 9.3 Policies and Recommendations ...... 116 9.3.1 Statutory Requirements for Archaeological Management ...... 116 9.3.2 Management of Intangible Heritage Values ...... 117 9.3.3 Management of Heritage Items and Historic Views ...... 118 9.3.4 Heritage Interpretation ...... 119

10.0 Appendices ...... 121 Appendix A AHIMS Search Results Appendix B Consultation Log Appendix C Historical Timeline Appendix D Historical Bibliography Appendix E Heritage Listing Sheets and Parramatta LEP 2011 Heritage Map

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd (GML) has been engaged by Parramatta City Council (PCC) to prepare an Aboriginal archaeological due diligence assessment, historical archaeological assessment and built heritage assessment for Rangihou Reserve.

The purpose of this report is to:

 outline whether the study area has Aboriginal or historical archaeological potential and/or heritage significance;

 identify statutory requirements for the future management of these values; and

 develop policies to guide the management of any heritage values associated with Rangihou Reserve. This report has been prepared in accordance with the following documents:

 Due Diligence Code of Practice for the Protection of Aboriginal Objects in New South Wales (DECCW 2010);

 NSW Heritage Manual, Archaeological Assessments (NSW Heritage Office 1996);

 Assessing Significance for Historical Archaeological Sites and Relics (NSW Heritage Branch 2009);

 New South Wales Heritage Manual Update Assessing Heritage Significance (NSW Heritage Office 2001); and

 The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance 1999 (Burra Charter) This report provides some management recommendations regarding how to manage archaeological potential, built heritage values and intangible heritage values associated with the site. The management recommendations respond to statutory requirements under the Heritage Act 1977 (NSW) (Heritage Act) and the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW) (NPW Act), as well as best practice approaches to managing heritage values, including intangible values. 1.2 Site Location

Rangihou Reserve is located on the northern foreshore of the Parramatta River, Parramatta (Figure 1.1). It is bounded by Parramatta River to the south, Macarthur Street to the west and 2 Morton Street to the east (Figure 1.2). The northern boundary of the reserve is defined by the residential allotments and the PCC Depot at 1A Morton Street. 1.3 Community Consultation

Adherence to the OEH document Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010 is not a requirement of the due diligence process. PCC requested that consultation with the Aboriginal community be undertaken as part of the project. Aboriginal stakeholders known by the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) for the Western Sydney area, PCC’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advisory Committee, and a number of other Aboriginal stakeholders known to PCC were invited to be involved in consultation and attend a site visit for this project. All registered Aboriginal stakeholders were provided with a copy of the draft report, and

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were invited to review and make comments on the draft. Only one response was received, and was supportive of the conclusions and recommendations of this report. Details of consultation with the Aboriginal community are provided at Appendix B.

GML has undertaken limited consultation with Maori community representatives, including members of Nga Uri O Rahiri Inc. Nga Uri O Rahiri Inc has an existing relationship with PCC, developed through cooperation in hosting a biannual cultural festival commemorating the history of Maori and Parramatta at Rangihou Reserve. Nga Uri O Rahiri also maintains cultural links with Nga Puhi leaders in New Zealand.

Consultation with other external stakeholders has not been undertaken by GML and does not form a part of this brief. 1.4 Limitations

This report is an assessment of Aboriginal archaeology, historical archaeology and cultural heritage values at Rangihou Reserve. It does not provide an impact assessment in response to any particular redevelopment design or concept plan. The natural heritage values of Rangihou Reserve are not assessed in detail in this report, although are discussed where relevant.

Full consultation with the Aboriginal community, in accordance with OEH document Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010 was not within the scope of this report.

As this report was prepared in accordance with OEH’s due diligence guidelines, it does not include an assessment of Aboriginal archaeological significance (either scientific or cultural). Neither does it incorporate a detailed social significance assessment, as only limited consultation with representatives of the Maori community has been undertaken by GML to date.

No geotechnical information about Rangihou Reserve was available for review during this project.

PCC’s records regarding Rangihou Reserve were not assessed during this project. 1.5 Authorship and Acknowledgements

This report has been prepared by Sally MacLennan (Archaeologist) and Nina Pollock (Built Heritage Consultant) of GML. Anne Mackay (Senior Associate), Natalie Vinton (Archaeology Manager) and Sharon Veale (Partner) of GML, also provided specialist input. The historical overview was prepared by Terry Kass (Historian) subconsultant. The report has been reviewed by Natalie Vinton, and Sharon Veale.

GML would like to acknowledge the assistance of PCC staff, including Graeme Bleus, Neville Davis, Debbie Killian and Maggie Kyle for their assistance throughout the course of this project. 1.6 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the historical overview (Section 3.0).

Bk Book

DP Deposited Plan

LPI Land and Property Information

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ML Mitchell Library

No Number

SRNSW State Records of New South Wales

Figure 1.1 Location of the subject site. (Source: Google Maps with GML additions 2012)

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Figure 1.2 The subject site in its local context. (Source: Google Maps with GML additions 2012)

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2.0 Statutory Context

2.1 Preamble

This section discusses the State and local statutory context relevant to the built heritage values of and potential archaeological resource (both Aboriginal and historical) at Rangihou Reserve.

In NSW archaeological remains and heritage items are afforded statutory protection under the following Acts:

 the NPW Act;

 the Heritage Act; and

 the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPA Act).

Items of environmental heritage including landscape features, built heritage and archaeological remains (both Aboriginal and historical) are also protected under the PCC Local Environment Plan (LEP) 2011 (Schedule 5). 2.2 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974

All Aboriginal objects and places receive statutory protection under the NPW Act. Aboriginal objects are defined as:

physical evidence of the use of an area by Aboriginal people. They can also be referred to as 'Aboriginal sites', 'relics' or 'cultural material'1

Handicrafts made for sale are not considered ‘objects’ under the NPW Act. If Aboriginal objects are found, the OEH must be informed.

Recent changes to the NPW Act require applicants to seek approval prior to the disturbance of sites with the potential to contain Aboriginal objects and cultural material. New offences relating to the harm to, or desecration of, an Aboriginal object or declared Aboriginal Place were introduced with the NPW Amendment (Aboriginal Objects and Places) Regulation 2010 on 1 October 2010. The definition of ‘harm’ now includes to destroy, deface, damage or move an Aboriginal object or declared Aboriginal Place. The OEH has stated:

The most significant change is the introduction of tiered offences and penalties. Offences committed with knowledge, in aggravating circumstances or in relation to an Aboriginal Place will attract higher penalties than previously. There is a new strict liability offence of harming Aboriginal objects and of harming or desecrating Aboriginal Places. (DECCW 2010)

The strict liability offence of harming Aboriginal objects has a number of defences. The two defences relevant to this project include the statutory defence of ‘due diligence’ that demonstrates either:

 that there is no research based evidence that suggests Aboriginal objects will be impacted upon by the development; or

 that there is the need for an Aboriginal Heritage Impact Permit (AHIP), and that any disturbance to Aboriginal objects has occurred in accordance with an approved AHIP.

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2.2.1 Due Diligence Approach

The OEH has issued a code of practice guideline that defines a ‘due diligence’ approach to Aboriginal heritage: Due Diligence Code of Practice for the Protection of Aboriginal Objects in NSW (13 September 2010). This guideline is designed to assist individuals and organisations to exercise due diligence when carrying out activities that may harm Aboriginal objects, and/or Aboriginal Places, and to determine whether they should apply for consent in the form of an AHIP.

If a due diligence assessment identifies that Aboriginal objects will be, or are likely to be, harmed during the course of proposed works it would be required to obtain an AHIP prior to commencement. In such a case adherence to the following documents issued by OEH would be necessary:

 Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010. Part 6 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (April 2010);

 Code of Practice for Archaeological Investigation of Aboriginal Objects in New South Wales (September 2010);

 Guide to investigating, assessing and reporting on Aboriginal cultural heritage in NSW (April 2011); and

 Applying for an Aboriginal Heritage Impact Permit: Guide for Applicants (May 2011).

This report adheres to the Due Diligence Code of Practice and concludes it is unlikely that Aboriginal objects are present at the subject site. It establishes recommendations for the future management of Aboriginal archaeological potential and heritage values, in line with current statutory requirements. 2.3 Heritage Act 1977

The Heritage Act affords automatic statutory protection to ‘relics’ which form part of archaeological deposits. The Act defines a ‘relic’ as any deposit, object or material evidence that:

(a) relates to the settlement of the area that comprises New South Wales, not being Aboriginal settlement, and

(b) is of State or local heritage significance

Sections 139–145 of the Heritage Act prevent the excavation of a relic, except in accordance with an excavation permit (or an exception from the need for a permit) issued by the Heritage Council of New South Wales.

Section 139[1] of the Heritage Act states that:

A person must not disturb or excavate any land knowing or having reasonable cause to suspect that the disturbance or excavation will or is likely to result in a relic being discovered, exposed, moved, damaged or destroyed unless the disturbance or excavation is carried out in accordance with an excavation permit.

The historical archaeological component of this report considers whether the study area has potential to contain archaeological remains that would be considered ‘relics’ under the Heritage Act, and outlines recommendations for the future management of the site’s potential archaeological resource.

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2.3.1 The State Heritage Register (SHR)

The State Heritage Register (SHR) is established under the Heritage Act. It is a list of identified heritage items of significance to the state of New South Wales. It includes items and places (such as buildings, works, archaeological relics, movable objects or precincts) determined to be of State heritage significance. As previously noted, Rangihou Reserve is not listed on the SHR; however, it is in the vicinity of, and shares visual connections with SHR-listed items Broughton House, Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm. The SHR is established under Section 22 of the Heritage Act and, pursuant to Section 57(1) of the Act, the approval of the Heritage Council of NSW is required for the following:

s57(1) When an interim heritage order or listing on the State Heritage Register applies to a place, building, work, relic, moveable object, precinct, or land, a person must not do any of the following things except in pursuance of an approval granted by the approval body under Subdivision 1 of Division 3:

(a) demolish the building or work,

(b) damage or despoil the place, precinct or land, or any part of the place, precinct or land,

(d) excavate any land for the purpose of exposing or moving the relic,

(e) carry out any development in relation to the land on which the building, work or relic is situated, the land that comprises the place, or land within the precinct,

(f) alter the building, work, relic or moveable object,

(g) display any notice or advertisement on the place, building, work, relic, moveable object or land, or in the precinct,

(h) damage or destroy any tree or other vegetation on or remove any tree or other vegetation from the place, precinct or land. 2.4 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

The EPA Act is administered by the NSW Department of Planning and provides for environmental planning instruments to be made to guide the process of development and land use. It provides for the protection of local heritage items and conservation areas through listing on LEPs. LEPs guide Local Councils in making planning decisions.

2.4.1 Parramatta Local Environment Plan 2011

Part of the ‘Wetlands’ (Item 1) listed on Schedule 5—Environmental Heritage the Parramatta LEP 2011 is located at Rangihou Reserve. It is also in the vicinity of, and shares visual connections with several other items listed in Schedule 5 of the LEP.

Parramatta LEP 2011 contains the following provisions relevant to heritage items and archaeology in Clause 5.10—Heritage Conservation.

The objectives of the ‘Heritage Conservation’ clause are listed as:

(a) to conserve the environmental heritage of Parramatta,

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(b) to conserve the heritage significance of heritage items and heritage conservation areas, including associated fabric, settings and views,

(d) to conserve Aboriginal objects and Aboriginal places of heritage significance.

Clause 5.1(2) outlines provisions for development consent requirements for heritage items, archaeological sites and places of Aboriginal heritage significance:

(2) Development consent is required for any of the following:

(a) demolishing or moving any of the following or altering the exterior of any of the following (including, in the case of a building, making changes to its detail, fabric, finish or appearance):

(i) a heritage item,

(ii) an Aboriginal object,

(iii) a building, work, relic or tree within a heritage conservation area,

(b) altering a heritage item that is a building by making structural changes to its interior or by making changes to anything inside the item that is specified in Schedule 5 in relation to the item,

(c) disturbing or excavating an archaeological site while knowing, or having reasonable cause to suspect, that the disturbance or excavation will or is likely to result in a relic being discovered, exposed, moved, damaged or destroyed,

(d) disturbing or excavating an Aboriginal place of heritage significance,

(e) erecting a building on land:

(i) on which a heritage item is located or that is within a heritage conservation area, or

(ii) on which an Aboriginal object is located or that is within an Aboriginal place of heritage significance,

(f) subdividing land:

(i) on which a heritage item is located or that is within a heritage conservation area, or

(ii) on which an Aboriginal object is located or that is within an Aboriginal place of heritage significance.

Clause 5.10(4) establishes measures to evaluate the effects of proposed development on heritage items or heritage conservation areas:

(4) Effect of proposed development on heritage significance

The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause in respect of a heritage item or heritage conservation area, consider the effect of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the item or area concerned. This subclause applies regardless of whether a heritage management document is prepared under subclause (5) or a heritage conservation management plan is submitted under subclause (6).

Clauses 5.10(7) and 5.10(8) outline provisions regarding development on land where archaeological sites or places of Aboriginal heritage significance are known, or are reasonably likely, to be located:

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(7) Archaeological sites

The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause to the carrying out of development on an archaeological site (other than land listed on the State Heritage Register or to which an interim heritage order under the Heritage Act 1977 applies):

(a) notify the Heritage Council of its intention to grant consent, and

(b) take into consideration any response received from the Heritage Council within 28 days after the notice is sent.

(8) Aboriginal places of heritage significance

The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause to the carrying out of development in an Aboriginal place of heritage significance:

(a) consider the effect of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the place and any Aboriginal object known or reasonably likely to be located at the place by means of an adequate investigation and assessment (which may involve consideration of a heritage impact statement), and

(b) notify the local Aboriginal communities, in writing or in such other manner as may be appropriate, about the application and take into consideration any response received within 28 days after the notice is sent.

This report identifies heritage values associated with, and the likelihood that archaeological remains (both historical and Aboriginal) at, Rangihou Reserve. It also establishes how these values would be appropriately managed in accordance with relevant statutory provisions and the provisions of the LEP.

2.4.2 Parramatta Development Control Plan 2011

The Parramatta Development Control Plan (DCP) 2011 supplements the LEP 2011, and provides more detailed provisions to guide future development. Under Section 79C of the EPA Act, Council is required to take into consideration the relevant provisions of this DCP when determining an application for development. However, compliance with the provisions of this DCP does not guarantee that development consent will be granted.

Clause 3.5.1 (Heritage) of the Parramatta DCP 2011 includes the following overarching objectives in regards to heritage:

O.1 Appropriate management of heritage in the Parramatta LGA.

O.2 Retention and reinforcement of the attributes that contribute to the heritage significance of items, areas and their settings.

O.3 Maintenance and improvement to residential amenity and open space areas.

O.4 Development that is compatible with the significance and character of the area.

And the following relevant development controls:

Development near Heritage Items C.3 Where development is proposed that adjoins a heritage item identified in the Parramatta LEP 2011, the building height and setbacks must have regard to and respect the value of that heritage item and its setting.

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New Buildings C.19 A new building near an important heritage item, such as a church or hall (which might also be a local landmark) needs to be carefully designed. It must not try to copy the heritage item or compete with it for attention. It is best if the new building fits in with the character of the surrounding neighbourhood, leaving the heritage item to stand alone.

The Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (SREP) 28 Parramatta was repealed once the LEP was gazetted in 2011. The SREP objectives and controls are detailed and comprehensive for the Harris Park Precinct (Part 4), and include a number of Special Areas. These areas, including the Area of National Significance, were subject to the additional provisions of Clause 29N.

The Area of National Significance has been included in the DCP as a Special Area (at 4.3.2.1); however, there are no provisions for Special Areas under the LEP 2011. Several controls from the SREP have been transferred into the Parramatta DCP 2011, although some important SREP controls which relate to development within, and development affecting, the Area of National Significance have not been included. For example, the consideration of the impact that proposed development will have on the settings (emphasis added) of Elizabeth Farm House, Experiment Farm and Hambledon Cottage (2(b)(ii)); and the referral of development proposals to the National Trust and the Historic Houses Trust for comment (2(b)(v)) has been excluded from the DCP.

The LEP 2011 objectives require the conservation of the heritage significance of heritage items and conservation areas, including their settings and views. This overarching objective, if considered and interpreted consistently, could ensure that further compromises and impacts on the settings of the heritage items and conservation areas within the Area of National Significance are protected. Without specific reference in the LEP to the Area of National Significance, which provides a significant and appropriate ‘setting’ for the heritage items, the interpretation of the objective and the definition of setting may be applied inconsistently.

Appendix 2 of the DCP includes a diagram outlining historic view corridors to and from the Area of National Significance (refer to Figure 7.16).

The DCP contains the following design principles relevant to Clause 2.4.1—Views and Vistas:

P.1 Development is to preserve views of significant topographical features such as ridges and natural corridors, the urban skyline, landmark buildings, sites of historical significance and areas of high visibility, particularly those identified in Appendix 2 Views and Vistas. Refer also to Views and Vistas in the Harris Park Heritage Conservation Area in Part 4.

The views affecting the subject site include nos 3, 4 and 15, and are described below:

Identified view: No. 1-5, 11 and 12 on views map -Views from Elizabeth Farm and Harris Park colonial precinct north to the ridgeline of hills, river basin (area bounded by Victoria Road, James Ruse Drive, Prospect and Harris Streets) to trees along river, former Newlands, trees of former Rangihou, Wavertree, Macarthur Girls High School, marked by tall tree plantings, including bunya and hoop pines, visible above surrounding suburban development.

Significance: Broadest panorama views in Parramatta, of hills to the north allowing appreciation river valley landscape setting, the siting and interrelationships between key colonial farms and remnant early houses (marked by historic tall tree plantings of Elizabeth Farm, Newlands, Wavertree, Macarthur House, Rangihou). Also modern views of key historic farm plantings from major roads.

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Identified view: No. 13-16 on views map - Views from riverbank ridge defined by Thomas Street, North Parramatta, looking south down Stewart, Macarthur, Morton and Pemberton Streets to tall tree plantings of Hambledon Cottage, Experiment Farm, Elizabeth Farm and ridgeline of Harris Park colonial precinct.

Significance: Retain modern views of landmark tree plantings from the riverbank edge.

Clause 4.3.2 of the DCP contains the objectives and design principles for the Harris Park Precinct. The following principles are in regards to View Corridors:

P.34 Significant views must be protected from development. Consent must not be granted to development on land identified as being within a historic view corridor unless it has take into account the impact that the development may have on any such historic corridor.

P.35 The height and bulk of proposed development shall be modified as necessary in order to ensure that significant views are protected.

Clause 4.3.2.1—Special Areas contains specific objectives and design principles for the Area of National Significance, as follows:

C.1 Before granting consent for development within the Area of National Significance, the consent authority must be satisfied that:

(i) the scale, form, siting, materials and use of new development will not adversely affect the heritage significance of the Area of National Significance,

(ii) the existing allotment and development pattern, and the natural landform of the Area of National Significance will be maintained,

(iii) the original course of Clay Cliff Creek (as shown on the Harris Park Precinct Design Control Map) will be re-established or, if that is not reasonably practicable, permanent evidence of its original course will be provided by way of signs or other interpretative aids, and

(iv) that development does not impact upon or adversely affect the existing views into and out of the sites of Elizabeth Farm House, Experiment Farm Cottage and Hambledon Cottage, the Female Orphan School (University of Western Sydney Rydalmere Campus), the Parramatta River corridor and the Pennant Hills open space ridge line.

Clause 4.4 Heritage—Conservation Areas contains the objectives and design principles for Elizabeth Farm Conservation Area and Experiment Farm Conservation Areas. Relevant objectives for Elizabeth Farm Conservation Area (4.4.3.1) are included as follows:

O.3 Maintain and enhance public views from streets and between houses to the north over the Parramatta River.

And includes the following relevant control:

C.3 Keep and where necessary, reinstate identified historic views including those identified in Appendix 2.

A relevant objective in regards to the Experiment Farm Conservation Area (4.4.3.2) is as follows:

O.1 Protect all the attributes which contribute to the heritage value and character of the Experiment Farm Conservation Area, and to maintain and improve its residential amenity.

O.2 Ensure that Experiment Farm will always have an appropriate setting so that it can continue to tell the history of Colonial Australia to citizens and international visitors.

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And includes the following relevant controls:

C.3 Keep and enhance public views from streets and between houses to the city centre and north over the Parramatta River.

C.4 Keep and where necessary, reinstate identified historic views including those identified in Appendix 2. 2.5 Implications for Heritage Management

The statutory context outlined has implications for decision making about the future management of heritage at Rangihou Reserve. The statutory context also dictates, to some extent, a number of the management recommendations outlined in Section 9.0. 2.6 Endnotes

1 Office of Environment and Heritage 2012, ‘Regulation of Aboriginal cultural heritage’, viewed 20 September 2012, http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/licences/achregulation.htm

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3.0 Historical Overview

3.1 Introduction

The following historical analysis is important for its contribution to the assessment of the cultural significance of the site, and is based on primary and secondary sources referenced throughout. The following repositories were used during research—Mitchell Library (State Library of NSW), State Records of NSW, Sydney Water Plan Room, Land and Property Information Services. 3.2 Early History (1790s–1810s)

Land on this part of the northern bank of the Parramatta River, including the study area, was granted in two 60 acre farms by Governor Phillip to settlers ‘from the Sirius’ (Figure 3.1).1 The Morton Street site was located on Town Boundary Farm No. 7, with Town Boundary Farm No.6 directly to the east. These farms were owned by Robert Webb and William Reid. Watkin Tench visited Robert Webb in 1790, and described his farm thus:

He has received great encouragement and assistance from the governor. He has five acres cleared and planted with maize, which looks thriving, and promises to yield a decent crop. His house and a small one adjoining for pigs and poultry were built for him by the governor, who also gave him two sows and seven fowls, to which he adds a little stock of his own acquiring.2

Assistance from the governor included the provision of huts, land clearing, food, seed, agricultural tools, livestock, medical attention and convict labour.3 A plan from c1790 shows a small structure in the southeast portion of Town Boundary Farm No. 7, to the north of study area within 1A Morton Street (Figure 3.1). 3.3 Marsden’s 112 Acre Grant

Reverend Samuel Marsden was the principal Anglican clergyman in New South Wales from the 1790s to the 1820s. He had a major role in promoting the Christian religion. In addition, he was also a substantial landowner and served on many local committees promoting a more sober and industrious lifestyle. Since he also served as a magistrate meting out punishments to erring convicts, his reputation has suffered since he is more often remembered for his punishments than for his achievements in moral and religious matters. On the other hand, he is revered in New Zealand as the man who brought Christianity to that country and for his concern for the Maori. From 1793 onwards, Maori had been visiting the British colony in Australia, often seeking support or Western goods to assist in inter-tribal conflicts.4

In September 1806, Marsden met Ruatara (also known as Duaterra), a Maori of high status from the Bay of Islands. By then, Marsden held about 2,974 acres of land at Parramatta. On 28 August 1809, Marsden and his wife boarded convict transport Ann to return to NSW and met Ruatara again who was returning to NSW after serving as a sailor for some years. Ruatara was ill and destitute after poor treatment by ships' captains. Marsden befriended him and cared for him.5

When Marsden arrived in Sydney in February 1810, he could not immediately proceed with setting up missions in New Zealand after the massacre of most of the crew and passengers of the ship Boyd. Ruatara lived at Parramatta for 18 months where he worked on Marsden’s land learning how to grow grain for food and other skills 6

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 13

Marsden vigorously promoted agriculture to them. Late in 1811, two chief’s sons visited Marsden. One was a son of Te Pahi and the other was Toweetee [Kawiti].7 Marsden wrote in a letter of 20 November 1811 that:

This morning I took them in my Chaise to see Duaterra’s Farm, when they beheld his Wheat just ripe, his Pease, Beans etc, they were highly gratified and in a few minutes I observed them marking a Line across my Farm and cutting notches with a Knife in the Stumps of the Trees – I inquired what they were doing – They told me they were marking out a Farm for Toweetee Teetooa, that he would return to New Zealand the first opportunity, and bring one hundred men to work upon the Far. I told him I would give his as much Land as he liked, and he might begin to morrow. I think he will try what he can do.8

There is no documentary evidence that Marsden ever followed through with this statement and gave land permanently to either Ruatara [Duaterra] or any other Maori.

Marsden often welcomed Maori to Parramatta by showing them the church and the court as well as how to plant grain and raise livestock and how to read and write.9 In 1814, three Maori chiefs lived with Marsden for 3 months at Parramatta.10 A map of Parramatta of 1814 showed the land on the north side of the river where Rangihou was later built as ‘Mr Marsden’s Ground’ (Figure 3.2).11

In October 1815, the Anglican chaplains in Sydney agreed to set up a ‘small establishment’ to instruct the Maori on ‘civilisation and general improvement’.12 Until 1817 Samuel Marsden lived with his family in the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets, Parramatta. By September 1817, they were residing in the newly built parsonage erected between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta.13 For some time, Marsden had conducted a seminary for the Maori in his own house, implying that the seminary operated at both the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets as well as the new one between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta.14 In 1819, he reported that he had ‘Natives living with me for more than four years’.15

Early in 1819, Marsden was building a dwelling for his seminary, which became Rangihou cottage. He reported that, ‘I am now erecting a commodious building on an estate which I purchased on the banks of the river opposite to the town of Parramatta. … The estate contains upwards of 100 acres of land; and every operation of Agriculture, Gardening, Nursery, etc, may be carried on, with the exercise of the simple Arts’ (Figure 3.3). He noted that ‘The buildings are now in a forward state.’16

Marsden’s reference to a ‘purchase’ is odd. The land was granted to him but only some years later. There is no record of a sale of this land by an earlier promise to Marsden in the ‘Old Registers’ at Land and Property Information (LPI). In July 1819, Reverend John Butler reported that, ‘Mr Marsden has nearly completed the Seminary for the New Zealanders’ (Figure 3.4). There were then five men and one woman from New Zealand in Parramatta.17 The seminary was named ‘Rangihou’ (various spellings) after the village where he established Christianity in New Zealand.18

In February 1820, Marsden had 25 Maori living at Parramatta.19 At Parramatta, the Maori learned livestock management, blacksmithing, and nailmaking, brickmaking and the manufacture of cloth and flax, plus how to grow fruit and make wine.20 There is no record of any Aboriginal students living or studying at Rangihou seminary.

By early 1822, a total of 13 Maori who had attended the Parramatta seminary had died. Some died after returning to New Zealand. Four of them died in NSW.21 The remains of some were returned to New Zealand but some remains stayed in NSW. They may possibly have been buried in St John’s cemetery. Jones and Jenkins claimed that the St John’s records have ‘been destroyed’ but the

14 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

burial register is still extant.22 It was checked to locate any Maori burials at St John’s cemetery, but none were listed.23 There is no evidence where they were buried.

On 1 November 1822, Samuel Marsden was formally granted 112 acres, bounded on the east by Reid’s farm, 39 chains, on the north by the Field of Mars Road [Victoria Road], 27 chains 20 links and 21 chains, on the west by a small creek, and on the south by Parramatta River.24 This was a valuable addition to his existing land holdings. Hence, the land on which the Rangihou seminary was built finally came into his formal possession.

Marsden stated in April 1822 that he would close the seminary due to the deaths of those attending it, possibly from the change in climate and their situation.25 However, Maori continued to visit Marsden at Parramatta. From October 1822, they lived with Marsden, but were then accommodated in the Institution for Native Black Children, which implies that Rangihou closed about September 1822 (Figure 3.5).26 When Henry and Marianne Williams, a missionary couple, arrived in April 1823, they found two Maoris living at Marsden’s residence.27

Marsden’s grandson, Reverend J S Hassall, later recorded that on his land at Parramatta in order to cater for the Maoris, that he had brought to New South Wales, Marsden ‘built a two-story [sic] weather-board house upon it for them, and laid out land for cultivation, so that they might be instructed in farming, as well as receive some education and religious teaching.’ It housed as many as 20 Maoris but fell into disuse when Marsden set up a school in New Zealand.28 However, though there are no surviving plans that indicate where the land laid aside for cultivation by the Maori was situated, it is possible that it may be on what is now Rangihou Reserve. As many as 100 Maoris are believed to have lived with the Marsden family.29

In essence, most Maori who lived (and died) at Parramatta were accommodated at Marsden’s parsonage, both the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets and the new one between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta. The Rangihou seminary only operated for a short space of three years.

From April to July 1823, Marsden accommodated the family of missionary Henry Williams at Rangihou, whilst they were waiting for transport to New Zealand. Marianne Williams wrote, ‘We are at present situated upon a steep slope on the bank of the river, nearly opposite to a water mill and Mr Marsden’s residence [the parsonage on the south side of the river]. Mrs Marsden is very kind in sending us daily a large jug of milk and other things frequently.’ 30

In 1824, after his New Zealand journey in 1823, Marsden was planning to set up another seminary. This time he planned to build the Seminary of stone.31 Nothing seems to have come of that proposal.

With regard to the former seminary that had been closed, Marsden wrote about it on 23 April 1826 noting that:

The building is still my property. No part of the expense attending it has been charged to the Society [Church Missionary Society], nor for the support of the New Zealanders who, from time to time, resided in it. … Should a Corresponding Committee be formed, and the Seminary found upon trial to answer the intended purpose, in that case I shall leave it to the option of the Society to purchase the building or to pay the Colonial Committee interest for the amount of the money that has been expended, so long as the Seminary may be required for the original purpose.32

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 15

By 1827, Rangihou had been rented to John Raine.33 In December 1827, a Public Notice appeared in the press that John Raine had leased Samuel Marsden’s property known as ‘Rangatoo’ and it was now called ‘West Grove’.34 Raine soon established a considerable industrial enterprise on the leased estate. John Raine’s brother, Thomas Raine, was associated with Marsden and his New Zealand ventures.35

In February 1828, John Raine advertised for a gardener for West Grove at Parramatta. Applicants had to contact his overseer John Beal.36 Thomas Arnold, a baker, lived in a cottage on the West Grove estate at Parramatta from January to May 1828.37 By April 1830, John Raine’s property, West Grove at Parramatta, was contracted to supply salt meat to the government.38

An advertisement appeared on 24 April 1830 offering West Grove Cottage and premises at Parramatta to let (Figure 3.6). The house was described as having 2 sitting rooms, 3 bedrooms, a kitchen, butler’s pantry, a dairy, a poultry yard, a dove cote, a four stall stable, a harness room, coach house and well, plus a gardener's house, and five acres of kitchen, fruit and flower garden, along with three paddocks of 20 acres planted with English grasses, a shrubbery and walks. It was located on the left bank of the Parramatta River.39

Late in 1830, the West Grove leasehold estate at Parramatta with a term of 37 1/2 years still to run was subdivided for sale by Messrs Paul (Figure 3.7). There were various dates set aside for the auction but the date was postponed a number of times. Nevertheless, the property details were the same in each instance. West Grove had been divided into 10 lots, all with water access. The auctioneer claimed that with the rise of the colony and steamships, the property would appeal to many manufacturers of different types. Lot 2 of 3 acres 2 roods 31 perches was divided into garden beds and walks with a ‘snug well-built cottage’. Lot 3 of 3 roods 8 perches would appeal to the Crown or to the carcass butcher or supplier of salted meat. It had ‘the best slaughter-house in the country measuring 50 feet long by 53 1/2 wide, completely fitted up with stone flagging, windlass, etc. Two large boilers are fixed in solid brick work, one of 120 gallons, the other of 80.’ One of the cattle yards was flagged with stone. It adjoined a wharf. The buildings were then let to the government at the rate of £20 per month. Lot 7, which it was claimed would appeal to the buyer of the slaughterhouse on lot 3, had ‘a strong building, 200 feet in length and 34 feet in breadth’. ‘At the west end was a good house which commands a view from the parlour window of all comers and goers. The dwelling consists of four good-sized apartments. The long building comprises a coach- house, harness-room, flagged four-stalled stable, bakehouse containing two ovens erected in the first style, estimated to bake 9 bushels each, flour room and three capital rooms for cutting up, salting, draining meat etc. All these are flagged.’ There were also 2 pigsties, a spacious men’s hut of 3 rooms. There was a horse pond, well and tubs. The adjoining paddocks were planted with English grasses. (It would seem likely that the cottage also known as Rangihou would have been distant from the slaughter yard and associated facilities but the description and the proximity in the listing to lot 8 suggests that the slaughterhouse was close to Rangihou.) Lot 8 of 5 acres 1 rood 8 perches was the site of ‘West Grove Cottage’, with 2 parlours, 2 bedrooms, office, storeroom, pantry, kitchen, hall and it was situated on the top of the same beautiful sloping hill above described’. There was a clothes yard, stockyard and poultry yard adjacent to the house. In the poultry yard, was ‘a capital fowl-house, used by Sir Thomas Brisbane as a pheasantry’. Lot 8 had 300 feet of frontage to the river and ‘at the eastern corner there is erected a substantial wharf’. The flat next to the river was laid out as an ornamental garden, with ‘maizy [sic] walks, a neat summer- house over-looks the water’. Lot 9 of 3 acres 2 roods 21 perches also fronted the river for 240 feet and was laid out as an ornamental garden and shrubbery. Lot 10 of 5 acres 1 rood 4 perches had a frontage of 350 feet to the river. ‘The bank is high and steep, on the top of which grows the

16 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

shrubbery, with maizy walks, seats etc.’40 The description does not include all of the land from Marsden’s grant. The total area for sale was just a little less than 27 acres, only a small part of Marsden’s 112 acre grant. Though the deed of lease does not appear to have survived, the small area confirms that the area leased by Marsden to John Raine was the part of his estate in the immediate vicinity of Rangihou cottage.

That sale does not appear to have been successful. On 6 August 1831, Mr Knapp [probably E J H Knapp] was advertised to auction the unexpired lease of Rangihou or West Grove on Parramatta River opposite His Majesty’s Stores, with 37 years to run on behalf of Mrs M Raine (Figure 3.8). The lease would include ‘all the valuable timber-built erections made thereon, exclusive of the weatherboarded dwelling and necessary buildings, forming the only original buildings granted with the lease.’ If there were no purchasers, the materials on the site owned by the lessee would be sold. The list of materials confirmed that Marsden’s grant had been used as a slaughter yard, bakery and a boiling down works, with associated cottages for employees. A considerable quantity of stone paving was also included in the sale.41

Samuel Marsden died on 12 May 1838. In his will, he left the land at Parramatta known as Newlands to his trustees to sell. He made no other devises or gifts of that land. It was willed to his executors in one parcel. In his will of 18 October 1836 Samuel Marsden left:

All that my estate or farm called Newlands situate on the banks of the Parramatta River and containing by estimation - acres or thereabouts I give and devise the same to the said John Campbell, Hannibal Macarthur and William Macarthur their heirs and assigns Upon Trust that they said John Campbell, Hannibal Macarthur and William Macarthur and the survivor or survivors of these and the heirs executors or administrators of such survivor do and shall as soon as conveniently may be after my decease sell and absolutely dispose of the same either together or in parcels and either by public auction or private contract as they or he shall think best.42

Marsden had not given away or transferred any of the Newlands property except by sale. From the time he arrived in the colony until his death, no gift or transfer of this land was registered in either the ‘Old Registers’ or the Old System deeds at LPI.43 The Search Notes for the title to his Newlands Estate undertaken by the LPI’s title searchers for the first conversion of any land of his Newlands Estate in 1881 reveal no gifts or transfers except by sale.44 In addition, his will made no mention of any devise or gift of his Newlands Estate.

An auction of Marsden’s Newlands Estate by James Byrnes was held at the Red Cow Inn in Parramatta on 31 October 1839.45 Surveyor John Armstrong laid out the subdivision of Newlands. There is an extant copy of his plan at LPI but the copy is very poor and the surviving sheets of the layout do not extend as far as this land. In any case, no buildings are shown on the surviving sheets.46 A copy of that subdivision plan made by P L Bemi survives and shows the site of ‘Rangihou’ on Lot 45 but nothing on the rest of what became Rangihou Reserve (Figure 3.9).47

The land that was later incorporated into Rangihou Reserve formed part of the land sold to Pieter Laurentz Campbell plus Lots 43, 44, 46 and 46 of the Newlands Estate as subdivided and sold in 1839. The history of each parcel of land will need to be dealt with in turn starting from the easternmost parcel of land.

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 17

3.4 Rangihou Reserve Site History

3.4.1 Mrs Charles Marsden’s land

Before Samuel Marsden died and the Newlands Estate was subdivided for sale after his death, Marsden sold part of it to Pieter Laurentz Campbell. The following legal transactions were involved. A deed of Conveyance to uses to bar dower dated as 24 October 1837, included the following parties 1st Reverend Samuel Marsden 2nd Pieter Laurentz Campbell, 3rd Hugh Dickinson. By this deed, for a price of £700, Pieter Laurentz Campbell bought 8 acres from Reverend Samuel Marsden. The land was described as beginning at the southeast corner of Marsden's 112 acre grant and was bounded on the east by 19 chains 63 links, on the north by 4 chains, on the west by 20 chains and on the south by the Parramatta River.48 On 12 April 1838, Pieter Laurentz Campbell, mortgaged it to William Lawson for £1,000 along with 7 acres 3 roods bounded on the north by the High Road, on the east by William Reid’s land, and on the south by the 8 acres above.49 On 1 and 2 February 1839, by a deed of Lease and release, Pieter Laurentz Campbell, late of Parramatta, but now of Sydney, acting Colonial Treasurer, conveyed both parcels to Jane Catherine Marsden, of Parramatta, widow for £1,500 subject to the existing mortgage.50

There is a distant view of Parramatta painted in 1838 by Conrad Martens, which shows the house known as ‘Newlands’, but it is too distant and does not show the land that became the Rangihou Reserve.51

On 1 February 1876, a deed of Conveyance and mortgage was signed with the following parties: 1st Jane Catherine Marsden of Bathurst, widow, 2nd Hon William Byrnes of Parramatta, 3rd Thomas Kendall Bowden of Parramatta, solicitor. The land purchased included both the 8 acres plus 7 acres 3 roods and Lots 35 and 36 Newlands Estate. The property was sold to Thomas Kendall Bowden for £2,000 subject to a mortgage to Jane Catherine Marsden.52

A Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta published in November 1877 showed the area that became Rangihou Reserve as vacant land with no buildings (Figure 3.10).53 Though this work is an artistic interpretation, experience has revealed that it is often highly accurate.

Thomas Kendall Bowden died on 31 October 1879. On 19 November 1880, the mortgage was paid off and title re-conveyed by Jane Catherine Marsden to Mary Elizabeth Bowden, of Parramatta, widow.54 On 10 July 1891, Mary Elizabeth Bowden of Parramatta, widow, mortgaged her property to the Bank of NSW for £3,000.55

A survey of the foreshore of the river of 23 August 1895 showed no improvements on the part of Mrs Marsden’s land that became part of Rangihou Reserve.56

Mary Elizabeth Bowden could not repay the mortgage. On 20 August 1897, the Bank of NSW conveyed it to Sarah Emily Richards of Parramatta, widow, for £2,000. Three parcels of land were involved in the transaction. However, they had been combined so that they were as described in total as measuring 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches. Beginning at the northeast corner of Lot 30 Newlands Estate, the land was bounded on the west by Lot 30, 1,630 links & 519 links, on the north by Lot 30, 284 links, on the west by Lot 30, 778 4/5 links, on the south by Thomas Street, 45 1/10 links, on the west by the end of Thomas Street and Lots 37 and 42 and the end of New Zealand Street, 1,061 3/5 links, on the south by Lot 36, 236 2/5 links, on the west by Lot 43, 971 1/4 links, on the south by Parramatta River, 407 links, to the southeast corner of Marsden’s 112 acres. It was then bounded on the east by a road 50 links wide [Morton Street], 1,883 3/5 links and 2,135 4/5

18 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

links and on the north by Pennant Street [now Victoria Road], 426 1/2 links. Lot 30 Newlands Estate was also included.57

On 30 August 1906, Sarah Emily Richards, of Parramatta, widow conveyed that land to James Swanton Vickery of Bective Station near Tamworth, grazier, for £4,000.58 Vickery financed his purchase of that property by a mortgage of 14 August 1906 to Sarah Emily Richards of Parramatta, widow, for £3,500 for 3 years at 4%.59 James Swanton Vickery died on 14 August 1907.

A valuation of his estate by Charles Frederick Welch, Sydney, auctioneer and valuer noted that Vickery owned two parcels of land at Parramatta on the Newlands Estate of 23 acres 3 roods 2 perches and 18 acres 2 roods 22 perches with a total area of 42 acres 1 rood 24 perches valued at £4,500. The description noted that, ‘The above fronts Pennant Hills road [ie Pennant Street, later known as Victoria Road], Thomas Street and also has a frontage to the Parramatta river, and is highly improved with Dwelling house (known as Newlands) built of brick, containing 14 rooms, stable and coach house; out offices, garden, orchard and ornamental trees etc’. The property appears to have been a working farm as it had 1 Jersey bull, 6 cows of mixed ages, 1 heifer, 1 old buggy horse, 1 old carthorse, and 1 old bull. There were also 2 ploughs, one worth £1/10/0 and the other worth £2.60

The executors of James Swanton Vickery’s estate conveyed the land to Percival Stacy Waddy, of Parramatta, clerk in holy orders on 11 December 1908 for £100 subject to the existing mortgage. Both the 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches and Lot 30 Newlands Estate were included.61 Percival Stacy Waddy had become headmaster of King’s School, Parramatta, in October 1908. He wished to expand the school and bought Newlands on his own account when the school council opposed his plans. He named it The Farm School. It was intended for boys who would not follow their schooling by attending university. They learned wool classing, farm work and basic engineering. He also bought Morton House adjacent to add to that land and as accommodation for the boys.62 In 1908, Broughton House (once known as ‘Newlands’) became a residence for pupils of the King’s School.63

The existing loan was discharged on 15 September 1909.64 A new mortgage was signed the same day, by Percival Stacy Waddy, of Parramatta, clerk in holy orders to Gerald Gordon, of Townsville, accountant and Walter Mullens Vindin of Sydney, solicitor, for £2,500 for 5 years.65

The use of the property by the King’s School was formalised on 30 December 1909, when Percival Stacy Waddy leased the 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches and Lot 30 Newlands to the Council of King’s School for £166/3/6 per annum for 10 years.66

A sketch of the land held by King’s School in Thomas Street in the 1914 list of property owners in Gore Ward equates in length to the boundary of the land on the east of Lot 43 of the Newlands estate, ie the land that is now the Rangihou Reserve (Figure 3.11).67

Part of the land was sold by Waddy. On 6 June 1916, he sold the balance with Broughton House on it to the Council of King’s School for £300 plus £1,197/10/0 due on the existing mortgage. The new measurement of the land conveyed showed its area had been reduced to 10 acres 1 rood 35 perches. It was bounded on the north by 87 feet 10 inches, on the west by Lot 36 and the end of New Zealand Street, 634 feet 8 inches, on the south by Lot 43, 156 feet, on the west by Lot 43, 641 feet, on the south by Parramatta River, 268 feet 7 1/2 inches and on the east by a road 50 links wide [Morton Street], 1191 feet 8 inches.68 The owner of this land was recorded as the Kings School

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 19

in 30 August 1919 when the adjacent land was being converted to Torrens Title. The occupier was Isaiah Mutton.69

The Council of King’s School mortgaged the land to the Clergy Provident Fund (Sydney) on 30 September 1924 for £13,000 along with land in Caroline Street, Westmead.70 That loan was discharged on 16 October 1929.71

No buildings were shown on the site of the Rangihou Reserve on the relevant Parramatta Detail Survey sheet of November 1925.72 Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Record Sheet held by Sydney Water, which were used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet have no additional buildings added on the subject site (see Figures 17 and 18).73

An aerial photo of March 1930 showed the current Rangihou Reserve as vacant with some vegetation (Figure 3.12).74

An aerial photo of 1943 showed no buildings on this site. The site was mostly cleared with some vegetation though there appears to be less vegetation than in 1930 (Figure 3.13).75

A survey by George Edward Moore for the subdivision of the land that had been the subject of the deed numbered Book 1084 No 387 when the land was sold by Waddy to the King’s School was undertaken on 9 December 1953 (Figure 3.14). Lot A on the deed was Broughton House. Lot B was the site of the Morton Street depot. There were no buildings shown on Lot B, which had an area of 5 acres 2 roods 18 1/2 perches. Lot C is now part of Rangihou Reserve. A line of old posts was noted on Lot C on the plan.76 Lot C in that plan became part of Rangihou Reserve.

3.4.2 Lot 43 Newlands Estate

James Byrnes held an auction of the Newlands Estate at the Red Cow Inn in Parramatta on 31 October 1839. Lot 43 of that estate was described in the advertisement as having an ‘entrance to New Zealand-street at the northwest corner, has a frontage to Parramatta River on the south, and is situated nearly opposite the Wharf where the Steamers start from; it adjoins Mrs Marsden’s allotment on the east’.77 Lot 43 was not sold at auction and was offered again later.78

Surveyor John Armstrong had laid out the subdivision. There is an extant copy of his plan at LPI but that copy is very poor and the surviving sheets of the layout do not extend as far as this land. No buildings were shown on the surviving sheets.79 A copy of the subdivision plan made by P L Bemi only shows the site of Rangihou cottage [on Lot 45] but nothing on Lot 4380 (see Figures 8 and 9).

Lot 43 was offered again at auction on 26 December 1839 by James Byrnes who claimed that the values of lots sold at the earlier auction had already risen and that buyers were erecting buildings for occupation or letting.81

On 7 and 8 May 1840, in a deed of Conveyance to uses to bar dower, John Campbell and others as trustees of the will of Samuel Marsden conveyed this land to Henry Harvey, of Parramatta, gentleman, Nathaniel Payten, of Parramatta, builder and James Houison, of Parramatta, architect for £500. Lot 43 measured 2 acres 1 rood, and was bounded on the north by Lot 36, 235 1/2 links, on the east by Mrs Thomas Marsden, 957 links (631.62 feet), on the south by the Parramatta River, and on the west by Lot 44, bought by John Lord and Co.82 The price paid for this land was very high. There does not appear to have been any buildings or other constructions upon in. It may be that the development potential of that land, sited on the river, immediately opposite the government wharf and Byrnes' mills, may have influenced the price.

20 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

By a deed of Appointment and release of 13 May 1851, Henry Harvey, gentleman, sold his one- third share to Nathaniel Payten of Parramatta, builder, and James Houison of Parramatta, architect, for £200.83 Furthermore, on 21 November 1866, a deed of Partition was signed between James Houison of Parramatta, architect and builder, and his wife Ann; and Nathaniel Payten of Parramatta, landholder, and his wife Susannah; which divided the lands held in their partnership. James Byrnes, of Parramatta, esquire was involved to facilitate the deal for 10/- paid to Byrnes. Lot 43 was apportioned to Houison.84

A deed of Conveyance to uses dated as 26 August 1871, involved the following parties: 1st James Houison of Parramatta, gentleman, and his wife Ann; 2nd Annie Fairclough (daughter of James and Ann Houison) wife of Hugh Fairclough of Newlands, gentleman; and 3rd Neil Stewart of Parramatta, gentleman, as trustee for Annie Fairclough. The deed was a marriage settlement that vested Lots 40, 41, 42 and 43 of the Newlands estate for the benefit of Annie Fairclough.85

The Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta of 10 November 1877 showed this area as vacant land with no buildings (see Figure 3.10).86 Hugh Fairclough died on 30 June 1878.87

A survey of Parramatta River of 23 August 1895 was marked with ‘W’ on the foreshore of this land (Figure 3.15). This probably signified a wharf. There was also a dotted line behind the foreshore implying reclaimed land.88

A survey in August 1919 by E J Brown for a Real Property Application showed part of a stone wall extending into the river at the western boundary of this lot (Figure 3.16).89

On 30 August 1919, Annie Fairclough of Parramatta, widow, signed a Real Property Application to convert Lots 40-43, Newlands Estate to Torrens Title. The land was in her occupation.90 In the documentation for the conversion, a Rate Notice dated 17 April 1920 from Parramatta Council for Lot 43 showed it was ‘Enclosed land' only with an Unimproved Capital Value of £169 and an Improved Capital Value of £180, which would have covered the value of fencing.91

A Certificate of Title was issued to Annie Fairclough for Lots 40-43 on 3 June 1920.92 Lot 43 was transferred to Joseph Davis on 10 May 1923.93 A new Certificate of Title for Lot 43 alone was issued to Joseph Davis of Redfern, merchant, on 5 June 1923.94 Davis also bought Lot 44 adjacent (see Section 2.3)

The Parramatta Detail Survey sheet, which covers this area, was based on a survey of November 1925. No buildings were shown on that sheet (Figure 3.17).95

Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Record Sheet of Sydney Water used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet have no additional buildings added on this part of Lot 43 (Figure 3.18).

An aerial photo of March 1930 also shows some of the buildings on Lot 44 extended partially onto this site (Figure 12). Similarly, the 1943, aerial photo shows some buildings on Lot 44 creeping onto on this Lot (Figure 13). The land was mostly cleared with some vegetation.96

Joseph Davis of Parramatta, manufacturer and owner of Lot 43, died on 19 December 1943. A valuation of Lot 43 described the sole improvements as ‘Fencing, sheds and clearing’.97

A mortgage of 11 April 1944 to the Bank of NSW was discharged on 21 July 1947. Title to Lot 43 passed by transmission to Elsie Marion Huntley, wife of David Huntley of Parramatta, engineer, on 19 May 1947. It was transferred to Edith Mary Amelia Newsome, wife of Cecil Joseph Newsome of

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 21

Sydney, hotelkeeper, on 18 July 1947. A mortgage of 28 July 1947 to Leslie Vernon Harvey and others was discharged on 30 June 1949. After a transfer of 30 June 1949 to Maurice Francis Anderson of Parramatta, horse trainer, Lot 43 was again mortgaged to Leslie Vernon Harvey and others. The loan was discharged on 15 October 1953.98

On 20 January 1956, Lot 43 was transferred to Midlothian Investments Pty Ltd financed by a mortgage the same day to Alfred Owen Ellison and others.99 Lot 43 was included in a subdivision survey dated 19 November 1955 of Lots 43 and 44. Part of the area was to be dedicated as ‘Public Garden & Recreation Space’ that became part of Rangihou Reserve (Figure 3.19).100

On 3 January 1957, a notation was recorded on the Certificate of Title that DP 27317 included a Public Garden and Recreation Space. 101 A new Certificate of Title issued to Midlothian Investments Pty Ltd on 2 March 1959 included the Public Garden and Recreation Space. Part of the land was resumed by the Cumberland County Council on 16 July 1959.102 The residue of the title became the Public Garden and Recreation Space and became a new folio 1/120464. 103

A new Certificate of Title was issued to the Cumberland County Council on 21 July 1959 for 2 roods 6 3/4 perches for Lot 155 DP 128846—part of the Public Garden and Recreation Space.104 It was transferred to PCC on 5 June 1961, later becoming a new folio 155/128846.105

A survey dated 1 June 1995 of part of the former Lot 44 showed the notation in front of Lot 43 ‘Seawall demolished’ (Figure 3.20).106

3.4.3 Lot 44 Newlands Estate

For the auction of the Newlands Estate at the Red Cow Inn on 31 October 1839, Lot 44 was described as ‘bounded on the north by New Zealand-street; on the east by Lot 43; has also a fine frontage to the River, includes the Boat House and the old Wharf’.107 On 3 June 1845, it was conveyed by the trustees of the will of Samuel Marsden to George Oakes of Parramatta, esquire, for £184 along with a number of other lots. Lot 44 was bounded on the west by Lot 45, 8 chains 96 links, on the south by the Parramatta River, on the east by Lot 43, 9 chains 30 links, and on the north by New Zealand Street, 2 chains 42 links.108

An auction sale of parts of Newlands was advertised for 4 December 1844. The lots offered for sale included 6 lots of a subdivision of Lot 44. Two of the lots with a frontage of 69 feet 10 inches faced New Zealand Street. Two lots faced ‘a street communicating with New Zealand-street’ with frontages of 140 feet. The last two lots faced Parramatta River with frontages of 80 feet. The advertisement noted that these lots were ‘OPPOSITE THE STEAMERS’ WHARF and commanding a most magnificent and panoramic view of Parramatta and surrounding neighbourhood. Proverbially this is the most valuable and important site of the township—hence Messrs Byrnes, Payton [sic] and many others have fixed their original purchases here as possessions of “great price”.’109 The last was a pointed reference to Payten and Houison’s purchase of the adjoining Lot 43.

A plan on a deed of conveyance dated 19 February 1848 for Lot 45 adjacent showed the position of an old wharf and boat house on Lot 43 (Figure 3.24).110

The Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta of 10 November 1877 showed this area as vacant land with no buildings.111 George Oakes, of Parramatta died on 10 August 1881. Oakes’ Deceased Estate file merely listed his total property at Newlands as ‘Garden Newlands 400.0.0’ (ie £400).112

Under the terms of George Oakes’ will, on 21 April 1885, the trustees of his estate conveyed part of his estate to his daughter Lena Mary Oakes of Allengreen Parramatta, spinster, with Leslie Manton

22 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Oakes of Mayfield, near Parramatta, gentleman; John Kerr Manton of Campbell Street, Parramatta, accountant; and Edwin Hurst Lane of Orange, grazier, appointed as trustees. Her one-third share of George Oakes’ estate included Lot 44 Newlands.113 On 4 February 1891 Lena Mary Oakes married Henry Josiah Parker of Orange, chemist.114

Lena Mary Parker, wife of Henry Josiah Parker, mortgaged Lot 44 to the Bank of NSW for £1,100 on 21 June 1892.115 On the Parramatta River survey of 23 August 1895, the wharf shown on the 1848 plan was now shown on the foreshore, with a dotted line on either side showing reclaimed land. The notation ‘Bath’ was shown on the site of the boathouse (Figure 15).116

The owner of Lot 44 was listed as Mrs Parker in 30 August 1919. It was occupied by Annie Fairclough.117 On 13 December 1921, Mrs Parker of Wood St, Manly, was shown as the owner. It was then occupied by F E Case, of New Zealand Street.118

By a conveyance of 21 June 1923, Lena Mary Parker sold Lot 44 to Joseph Davis of Redfern, merchant, for £525.119 Her earlier mortgage was discharged on 13 September 1923.120

By 1923, Davis had built ‘Everton’ racing stables. The stables, coach house and loft were later demolished. 121 A house, feed room and garage were built for Joseph Davis, by Parramatta builder, John Joseph Noller.122 On 11 April 1924, Joseph Davis of 63 Renwick Street, Redfern, manufacturing chemist (‘confectioner’ crossed out), mortgaged Lot 44 to the Bank of NSW for £2,000 to erect these buildings.123

The Parramatta Detail Survey of November 1925 showed the notation ‘Rubble Wall’ and the outline of the dock shown on the River on earlier plans. Davis’ stables and his house ’Everton’ were shown on Lot 44 but off the area that is now known as Rangihou Reserve (See Figure 17).124 Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Sheet Record of Sydney Water used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet have no additional buildings added on the subject site (Figure 18). The 1943 aerial photo showed no buildings on this site. The site was mostly cleared with some vegetation (Figure 3.13).125

Joseph Davis died on 19 December 1943. A valuation of Lot 44 described the improvements as a house named ‘Everton’ and other buildings, described as ‘Brick on stone double fronted cottage five rooms kitchen and offices [ie service facilities such as laundry], tile roof garage stables feed room harness room and loft’.126

The mortgage to the Bank of NSW was discharged on 21 July 1947, with the title passing to Elsie Huntley, executor of Joseph Davis’ will.127 Previously, on 18 July 1947, Elsie Huntley had conveyed the land to Edith Mary Amelia Newsome, wife of Cecil Joseph Newsome of Sydney, hotelkeeper, for £2,750.128 The ownership of Lot 44 moved in conjunction with Lot 43. On 28 July 1947, she mortgaged that land to Leslie Vernon Harris, Ernest David Farrell and Henry James Babbage, (trustees of the United Ancient Order of Druids Friendly Society Grand Lodge) for £2,000 at 5.5%.129 The loan was discharged on 30 June 1949.130 On 30 June 1949, Edith Mary Amelia Newsome, wife of Cecil Joseph Newsome, conveyed the land to Maurice Francis Anderson of Parramatta, horse trainer, for £2,750.131 He also took out a loan from the same mortgagees for £2,000 at 5.5%.132 It was discharged on 5 October 1953.133

A subdivision survey of 19 November 1955 showed ‘Old stone sea wall’ in front of the western half of Lot 15 DP 27317 plus an area to be dedicated as ‘Public Garden & Recreation Space’ (Figure 3.19).134

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 23

On 20 January 1956, Maurice Francis Anderson conveyed Lot 44 plus the land in C T 4460 f 145 to Midlothian Investments Pty Ltd of 80 Macquarie Street, Parramatta for £8,650.135 The company mortgaged Lot 44 except for the land in Lot 3 in the subdivision of the land to Midlothian Investments Pty Ltd to Alfred Owen Ellison of Sydney, solicitor; George Joseph Evatt of Sydney, civil servant; and Kathleen Mabel Hinds of Mosman, widow; on 20 January 1956 for £4,000 for 3 years at 7%.136 The loan was discharged on 5 March 1961.137 A survey of 5 May 1958 of the Public Garden showed ‘Old Stone Sea Wall’ fronting the former Lot 44 (Figure 3.21).138

3.4.4 Lot 45 Newlands Estate

Samuel Marsden built a seminary to educate the sons of Maori chiefs as Christians. It was named ‘Rangihou’ after the village where he established Christianity in New Zealand.139 His grandson, Reverend J S Hassall, later recorded that on his land at Parramatta, in order to cater for the Maoris Marsden brought to New South Wales, he had ‘built a two-story [sic] weather-board house upon it for them, and laid out land for cultivation, so that they might be instructed in farming, as well as receive some education and religious teaching.’ It housed as many as 20 Maoris but fell into disuse when Marsden set up a school in New Zealand.140 ‘Rangihou’ was situated south of New Zealand Street and is off the study site. However, though there are no surviving plans that indicate where the land laid aside for cultivation by the Maori was situated, some of that land may be within the boundaries of Rangihou Reserve. As many as 100 Maoris are believed to have lived with the Marsden family while attending the college at Rangihou.141

By 1827, Rangihou had been rented to John Raine.142 In December 1827, a Public Notice appeared in the press that John Raine had leased Samuel Marsden’s property known as ‘Rangatoo’ and it was now called ‘West Grove’.143 (See Section 1.0 for fuller detail about Rangihou from 1819 to 1838.)

A sketch of Rangihou from the southwest was made by Reverend Richard Taylor about 1836. It showed a two-storey weatherboard cottage with a smaller outbuilding near the river (Figure 3.22).144

Another sketch from about the same time by Reverend Richard Taylor who had been housed there by Marsden was titled ‘View from my bedroom window at Rangihoa’. It looked across Parramatta River to Byrnes’ mills. In the foreground, on the water’s edge, the boathouse marked on later plans may be seen plus what appears to be the wharf. The quality of the image on microfilm that is all that is available is poor.145

The auction sale notice of the Newlands Estate included this as Lot 45. It was noted that it ‘Includes Rangihou Cottage, Garden, etc. This is an extremely choice and valuable lot, a neat Residence already being on it, having a back entrance to New Zealand-street, and a full frontage to the River’.146

By 1841, according to one source, Rangihou cottage was falling into ruins.147 Yet, in April 1841, Mrs Griffiths was conducting a private school charging 50 guineas per term at ‘Rangahoo House’ in Parramatta.148

It was not sold immediately and it was not until 19 February 1848 that a conveyance for this lot was signed. That deed had the following parties: 1st John Campbell and others (trustees of will of Samuel Marsden); 2nd Charles Campbell, Sydney; and 3rd William Byrnes, Parramatta, merchant. Lot 45 had originally been sold to Charles Campbell at the auction and he had paid a deposit of £66. He later sold it to William Byrnes for £700. This deed regularised those transactions. Lot 45 measured 3 acres 13 perches and was bounded on the east by Lot 44 sold to John Lord and Co, 8

24 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

chains 95 links, on the south by Parramatta River, on the west by Lot 46 sold to Dr Robertson, 8 chains 55 links and on the north by New Zealand Street, 3 chains 55 links.149 Significantly, a plan on the deed showed ‘Rangihu’ cottage plus two small outbuildings on Lot 45 (Figure 3.24).150

On 21 September 1863, various parcels of land including Lot 45, were mortgaged by James Byrnes, William Byrnes and his wife Ann, to the Trustees of the Liverpool and London Fire and Life Assurance Co for £10,000.151 That loan was not repaid and on 7 November 1867, the trustees of the firm now named the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Co conveyed Lot 45 to Hugh Fairclough, of Parramatta, esquire for £500.152

The first Parramatta Council Valuation of 1864 listed three houses owned by J and W Byrnes worth £15, £15 and £3 per annum.153 In 1868, the property was recorded with two houses worth £10 per annum each plus vacant land worth £4 per annum.154 In 1870, the property was described as having an orchard worth £12 per annum and an iron house worth £35 per annum.155

The Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta of 10 November 1877 showed some remnant buildings near New Zealand Street but they were not in the same position as Rangihou Cottage as shown in the 1848 sketch on the deed (Figure 3.10).156

On 1 June 1914, the land was listed as being owned by the Perpetual Trustee Co as trustees of the will of Hugh Fairclough and it was occupied by Annie Fairclough, of Parramatta, widow.157 A survey by E J Brown of August 1919 for a Real Property Application showed the boundaries of the land only (Figure 3.25).158

A Real Property Application was completed by the Perpetual Trustee Co as trustees of the will of Hugh Fairclough on 3 November 1919 for Lots 37-39 and Lot 45 Newlands Estate. Lot 45 was recorded as being occupied by F E Case.159

A Council rate notice of 17 April 1920 included as part of the documentation for the conversion to Torrens Title showed for part of Lot 45 that there was a house on one part of Lot 45 with an Unimproved Capital Value of £126 and an Improved Capital Value of £280. The other part of Lot 45 was described as having ‘Ruins and land’ with an Unimproved Capital Value of £209 and an Improved Capital Value of £225.160 Unfortunately, the plan completed for the Real Property Application showed no detail of the position of these buildings.

On 22 March 1921, a Certificate of Title was issued to the Perpetual Trustee Co for Lots 37-39 and 45 Newlands Estate. Part of Lot 45 was transferred to John Joseph Noller on 9 July 1925. The residue of Lot 45 was transferred to Leslie James Hill, the same day.161

The Parramatta Detail Survey sheet of November 1925 showed a galvanised iron building positioned in the middle of the lot but nothing in the southern part where Rangihou Reserve was later set up (Figure 3.17).162 Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Record Sheet of Sydney Water, used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet, had no additional buildings added on the subject site (Figure 3.18).

Lot A Part Lot 45 Newlands Estate

A Certificate of Title was issued for Lot A, comprising the western part of Lot 45 to Leslie James Hill, of Molonglo near Queanbeyan, joiner on 28 August 1925.163 PCC accepted a plan of subdivision of this land in April 1929 (Figure 3.26). The southern part numbered as Lot 4A included land that would later be incorporated into Rangihou Reserve.164

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 25

The aerial photo of 1943 showed cottages had been built on the three lots facing New Zealand Street, which were later known as Numbers 3, 5, and 7 New Zealand Street. The rest of the land was mostly cleared with vegetation (Figure 3.13).165 On 21 March 1950, the residue of the land (Lot 4A) was transferred to Basile Giannoulis.166 The part that was Lot 4A was occupied by what seems to be a market garden. In 1932-3, the occupier of this land appears to have been C Sing, market gardener.167

Lot 4A of 1 acre 1 roods 32 1/4 perches (southwestern part of Lot 45 Newlands Estate)

A Certificate of Title was issued for Lot 4A to Basile Giannoulis of Parramatta, café proprietor, on 15 August 1950. His mortgage to the Bank of NSW of 14 March 1950 was discharged on 23 November 1959. A mortgage of 27 October 1959 to the Commonwealth Trading Bank of Australia was discharged on 7 May 1965. Two mortgages, later discharged, followed on 7 April 1965 to Marie Rosalind Donnelly of Narellan, married woman, and to Charles Albert Brewer of Strathfield, retired, and his wife Teresa Lilian. On 31 August 1966, an easement was granted to the M W S & D B.168 On 2 August 1974, a plan was compiled of the land to be acquired by resumption, part of Lot 4A (Figure 3.27).169

Lot 1 of DP 587055 was transferred to the NSW Planning and Environment Commission on 14 October 1977.170 It included part of the Rangihou Reserve.

Lot B Part Lot 45 Newlands Estate

A Certificate of Title was issued on 28 August 1925 for Lot B, the eastern part of Lot 45 to John Joseph Noller, of Parramatta, builder. A mortgage of 9 July 1925 to L Harper and Co was discharged on 13 September 1926. On 3 November 1926, Lot B was transferred to Hilda Taite and Mildred Newling as tenants in common.171

New Certificates of Title were issued to Hilda Taite, wife of William Taite of Parramatta, actor, and Mildred Newling, wife of Edward Newling of Parramatta, labourer, on 23 November 1926.172 On 3 November 1926, Lot B was mortgaged to Amy Blanche Glennie of Concord, widow. A second mortgage, the same day to John Joseph Noller of Parramatta, builder, showed that Noller had erected buildings on the land for them.173 By 1932-3, E J Newling and Jefferson Tate [sic] were listed as living in New Zealand Street. Their cottages were both listed as No 11.174 The mortgage to Noller was discharged on 31 January 1928.175 On 3 May 1943, separate parts of the land were transferred to Hilda Taite and Mildred Newling so that they acquired full ownership of separate parcels of land.176 The 1943 aerial photo showed buildings in the middle of these parcels, which would be the cottages, occupied by the Taite and Newling families. The southern parts that later became part of the reserve was mostly cleared with some vegetation (Figure 3.13).177

Lot D of 2 roods 24 1/2 perches

Lot D was the easternmost part of Lot 45 Newlands Estate, which came into the ownership of Hilda Taite. In January 1943, a plan of subdivision of the land held by Hilda Taite and Mildred Newling was accepted by PCC so that they could split it into separate parcels (Figure 3.28).178

A Certificate of Title for Lot D was issued to Hilda Taite, wife of William Taite on 14 September 1943. The existing mortgage was discharged on 8 August 1951. On 18 June 1951, title was transferred to Lindsay Jefferson Taite of Parramatta, salesman. On 14 August 1951, it was transferred to Elizabeth Downie, wife of William Downie of Rossmore, farmer, followed on 8 April 1954, by a transfer to Ivy Ethel Butler of Parramatta, widow. The M W S & D B was granted an

26 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

easement on 4 May 1960. On 9 October 1970, by a Section 93 Application, the passed to Robert Kennedy MacCulloch of Beecroft, chartered electrical engineer, after her death on 25 April 1970. It was then transferred to Ray Richard Moulds of Parramatta, builder, on 21 October 1970.179 The title was later converted to a computer folio.

Lot C of 2 roods 22 perches

Lot C was part of Lot 45 Newlands Estate west of Lot D above that passed into the ownership of Mildred Newling (Figure 3.28). A Certificate of Title for Lot C was issued to Mildred Newling, wife of Edward Newling of Parramatta, labourer, on 14 September 1943. The existing mortgage was discharged on 13 April 1944. On 20 March 1944, it was transferred to Isabel Elsie Schumacher of St Kilda, Victoria, married woman, who transferred it to Clifton Whitfield Moulds of Dural, orchardist, on 28 July 1947. The M W S & D B was granted an easement on 13 January 1960. On 6 October 1978, it was transferred to Ray Richard Moulds of Parramatta, retired.180 The title was later converted to a computer folio.

3.4.5 Lot 46 Newlands Estate

Lot 46 was described for the auction of the Newlands Estate on 31 October 1839 described as ‘A Corner Allotment, has a frontage to New Zealand-street on the north; to Macarthur-street on the west; and to the River on the south’.181 By a deed of Lease and release of 7 and 8 May 1840, the trustees of the will of Samuel Marsden conveyed to Reverend Henry Hodgkinson Bobart the following parcels of land: Lots 7 & 8; Lots 37-39; and Lot 46 for £1,047. Lot 46 measured 1 acre 3 roods 13 perches and it was bounded on the west by Macarthur Street, 780 links, on the south by the Parramatta River, on the east by Lot 45 bought by Charles Campbell, 855 links, and on the north by New Zealand Street, 226 links.182 The plan on the deed of 19 February 1848 regarding Lot 45 showed the position of a fence running down to the water on Lot 46 enclosing what appears to have been the land surrounding Rangihou Cottage (Figure 3.24).183

In his will of 1 June 1840, Henry Hodgkinson Bobart, clerk, left his property in trust for the benefit of his wife Elizabeth Mary Bobart with the remainder to his daughter Mary Elizabeth Bobart. He specified that the land he had bought at Newlands sale be left to Elizabeth Mary Bobart.184 On 28 December 1841, Mary E Bobart and Elizabeth Mary Bobart appointed William Frederick Bassett as their trustee.185 Henry Hodgkinson Bobart died on 19 July 1854.186

By an agreement dated 8 September 1863, William Frederick Bassett transferred all the rights and responsibilities to Robert Farrance.187 By a deed of Conveyance dated as 16 March 1865, William Frederick Bassett of Bathurst, surgeon, sold Lot 46 to Robert Farrance, of Parramatta for £50.188 The Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta of 10 November 1877 showed this area as vacant land with no buildings. There appears to have been an orchard or vegetation upon it (Figure 3.10).189 The 1875 Valuation Book showed Farrance had an orchard on the land worth £10 per annum.190

By her will of 22 November 1889, Mary Ann Farrance, of Parramatta, widow of Robert Farrance appointed executors to sell her lot at Newlands soon after her death and give the proceeds to her daughter Sarah Sutton.191 Mary Ann Farrance of Parramatta, widow, died on 5 March 1899. A valuation of the real estate of Mary Ann Farrance dated 5 April 1899 by W A Brodie, Sydney and Parramatta showed Lot 46 was worth £183. The land was vacant.192

A survey of May 1914 by R H Mathews for a Real Property Application, showed the boundaries and the high water mark only (Figure 3.29).193

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 27

A Real Property Application for Lot 46 measuring 1 acre 3 roods 9 perches was made on 1 June 1914 by Henry Thomas Sutton of Parramatta, baker, as trustee of the will of Mary Ann Farrance. The land was unoccupied.194 A council rate notice of 14 August 1914 gave the Unimproved Capital Value as £87 and the Improved Capital Value as £100.195 In October 1914, R H Mathews also completed a subdivision survey of Lot 46 (Figure 3.30). The southernmost part became Lots 9 and 10 of DP 7950. No details were shown on the plan of any buildings or other structures.196

A Certificate of Title was issued for Lot 46 to Henry Thomas Sutton on 5 December 1914. Lots 9 and 10 of DP 7950 were transferred to Pierce Nathaniel Frederick Sutton of Parramatta, blacksmith, on 16 June 1917. 197

Lots 9 and 10 DP 7950

A Certificate of Title was issued on 17 July 1917 to Pierce Nathaniel Frederick Sutton for Lots 9 and 10. On 28 March 1918, he mortgaged them to the Assurance and Thrift Association Ltd, which was discharged on 5 October 1922. It was followed by a mortgage to Frederick James Willis of Parramatta, joiner, on 18 May 1923, which was discharged on 9 January 1926.198

A building later known No 6 Macarthur Street on Lot 9 was shown on the Parramatta Detail Survey sheet in November 1925 (Figure 3.14).199 This had probably been financed by the mortgages he had taken. Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Sheet Record of Sydney Water, used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet, showed that a cottage later known as No 4 Macarthur Street was added on the subject site (Figure 3.15). A mortgage of 30 November 1928 to Walter John Coath of Mosman, gentleman, may have financed the erection of that building. That loan was discharged on 11 March 1937.200 No 4 Macarthur Street first appeared in Sands Directory in 1930.201

The aerial photo of 1943 showed these buildings on the site. The rest of the site was mostly cleared with scrubby vegetation (Figure 3.10).202 On 21 April 1950, part of that land (Lot 9), including what later became Rangihou Reserve, was transferred. The residue (Lot 10), which included the future Rangihou Reserve, was transferred to Thomas Kerr Simpson on 16 October 1950.203

Lot 9 DP 7950

A Certificate of Title was issued on 4 January 1950 for Lot 9 to Lindon Royce Harper of Parramatta, painter, and his wife Myra. It was mortgaged to the Northern Districts Home Building Co-op Society No 12 Ltd on 21 April 1950. After their deaths the property passed on 29 February 1960 by a Section 94 Application to Brian Harper of Parramatta, cook, who discharged the mortgage on 3 March 1961. A new mortgage to Custom Credit Corp Ltd of 8 November 1960 was discharged on 18 August 1961.204

On 3 August 1961, Lot 9A was transferred to Basile Giannoulis of Parramatta, contractor. An initial mortgage of 3 August 1961 to Rosa Schaffa of Kings Cross, widow, was followed by numerous others.205 He was probably using the land as security for loans that supported his projects. They were dated 10 April 1964, 10 December 1964, and 2 November 1966, followed by another of 17 August 1971 to Min Bros Projects Pty Ltd.206 The title then became C T 11681 f 147, which was not researched any further.

Lot 10A DP 7950

A Certificate of Title was issued to Thomas Kerr Simpson of Parramatta, steel control clerk, for Lot 10A on 27 February 1951. On 16 October 1950, it was mortgaged to the Fairfield Parramatta District

28 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

(No 1) Co-op Building Society Ltd, which was discharged on 31 December 1961. The M W S & D B resumed an easement on 4 July 1961.207

The lot was transferred to Basile Giannoulis on 24 November 1964. There was a series of mortgages of the land on 10 December 1964, 2 November 1966 and 15 July 1979, all later discharged.208 The title then became C T 12811 f 37, which was not researched any further.

A plan of land to be acquired by resumption, part of Lot 4A and Lots 9A and 10A DP 369219 (part of the former DP 7950) was compiled on 2 August 1974. The location of the weatherboard cottages No 4 and No 6 Macarthur Street were shown on that plan, showing they were located on part of Rangihou Reserve (Figure 3.27).209

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 29

Figure 3.1 Detail of subject site (outlined) from c1791Map showing the towns of Parramatta and settlements of Rose Hill, Field of Mars and Toongabbie. (Source: GML 2000, Parramatta Historical Archaeological Landscape Management Study, Volume 3 with GMlL 2012 additions)

30 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.2 Map of Parramatta in 1814, showing the ground where Rangihou was later built as 'Mr Marsden's Ground'. (Source: ML Map M2 811.1301/1814/1 with GML additions 2012)

Figure 3.3 Samuel Marsden's reference to building a seminary. Figure 3.4 Reverend John Butler's report that the seminary (Source: The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304) was almost complete. (Source: The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 305)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 31

Figure 3.5 Report from 1824 indicating Rangihou seminary Figure 3.6 Lease advertisement for West Grove cottage also closed in 1822. (Source: The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p known as Rangihou. (Source: Monitor, 24 April 1830, p 3) 77)

32 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.7 Sale advertisement for West Grove cottage (lot 8) Figure 3.8 Auction sale notice for West Grove estate. formerly known as Rangihou. (Source: Monitor, 6 Oct 1830, p 1) (Source: Sydney Gazette, 2 Aug 1831, p 1)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 33

Figure 3.9 This copy of the Newlands subdivision plan was made in later years. It shows Newlands House now known as Broughton House. It shows no buildings or any other structures in the area of the current Rangihou Reserve. (Source: ML Map M2/811.1312/1840?/1, with GML additions 2012)

34 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.10 The 1877 Bird's Eye View shows the land where Rangihou Reserve was later established was vacant. (Source: Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 35

Figure 3.11 This sketch showed the land owned in 1914 by The King's School. It included part of the current Rangihou Reserve in the southwest corner of the block. This sketch is not to scale. (Source: Register of Owners, Gore Ward, 1914, Parramatta Local Studies Collection, p 74)

36 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.12 This aerial photo of March 1930 showed Rangihou Reserve as vacant. (Source: SR Map 32241 with GML 2012 additions)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 37

Figure 3.13 The 1943 aerial photo showed Rangihou Reserve as vacant, except for two weatherboard cottages at 4 and 6 Macarthur Street . (Source: 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/)

38 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.14 The December 1953 subdivision plan of the land owned by the King’s School as part of Broughton House included part of Rangihou Reserve (Lot C). It was shown as devoid of buildings. (Source: DP 162815 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 39

Figure 3.151 The Parramatta River survey of August 1895 showed details of structures along the foreshore of the river. (Source: P.230.574. Sheet 8, Crown Plan with GML additions 2012)

40 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.16 The Real Property Application survey of Lot 43 showing part of the stone wall. (Source: DP 72153 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 41

Figure 3.17 The Parramatta Detail Survey sheet of 1925 showed some details of the river foreshore and the future site of Rangihou Reserve. (Source: Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room with GML additions 2012)

42 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.18 The Blackwattle Record plan showed updated details. (Source: Blackwattle Record Sheet 2770, Sydney Water Plans Room with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 43

Figure 3.19 The subdivision plan for Lot 43 showed the land to be set aside as ‘Public Garden & Recreation Space’, now part of Rangihou Reserve. (Source: DP 27317 with GML additions 2012)

44 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.20 This survey plan of June 1995 showed the notation 'Seawall demolished' in front of Lot 43. (Source: DP 876148 and GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 45

Figure 3.21 The survey of May 1958 of the area to be set aside for recreation showed the 'Old Stone Sea Wall'. (Source: Ms.16680.3000, Crown Plan with GML additions 2012)

46 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.22 Reverend Richard Taylor’s sketch of Rangihou from the southwest, made about 1836. (Source: JB Marsden, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, edited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913, opp p 58)

Figure 3.23 2 Reverend Richard Taylor’s sketch from about 1837 titled ‘View from my bedroom window at Rangihoa’ showing what appears to be the boathouse and wharf. (Source: ML A3816, p 31)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 47

Figure 3.24 The sketch map on the deed of 1848 showing detail of Rangihou and its grounds. (Source: LPI, No 505 Bk 16 with GML additions 2012)

48 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.25 E J Brown's Real Property Application survey only showed the boundaries of Lot 45. (Source: DP 72286 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 49

Figure 3.26 The 1929 subdivision of Lot 45 showing the different lots. Lot 4A included the future site of Rangihou Reserve. (Source: DP 323105 with GML additions 2012)

50 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.27 This plan of August 1974 showed Lot 1 which was to become a part of Rangihou Reserve. Note the two weatherboard cottages Numbers 4 and 6 Macarthur Street (on the former Lot 46 Newlands Estate). (Source: DP 587055 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 51

Figure 3.28 3 This plan of 1943 showed the two lots created when Hilda Taite and Mildred Newling divided their land. (Source: DP 34810 with GML additions 2012)

52 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 3.29 4 The survey by R H Mathews of May 1914 of Lot 46 for the Real Property Application only charted the boundaries. (Source: DP 69390 with GML additions 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 53

Figure 3.30 R H Mathews’ subdivision survey of Lot 46 of October 1914. The lots that became part of Rangihou Reserve were Lots 9 and 10. (Source: DP 7950 with GML additions 2012)

54 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

3.5 Endnotes

1 Godden Mackay Logan 2000, Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3029, State Heritage Inventory Card; PHALMS 2000 Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3026, State Heritage Inventory Card. 2 Tench, W 1793 (ed Flannery, T 2009), A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson, The Text Publishing Company, Victoria, pp 223–224. 3 Godden Mackay Logan 2000, Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3029, State Heritage Inventory Card; PHALMS 2000 Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3026, State Heritage Inventory Card. 4 J Belich, Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders From Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century, Penguin, Rosedale, NZ, 2007 edition, p 141 5 A Salmond, Between worlds: Early exchanges between Maori and Europeans, 1773-1815, Viking, Auckland, New Zealand, 1997, p 407-8 6 A Salmond, Between worlds, p 417 7 A Salmond, Between worlds, p 420 8 P Havard-Williams (ed), Marsden and the New Zealand mission: Sixteen letters, University of Otago Press in association with A H & A W Reed, p 41 9 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth Century’, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 46 No 1, 2011, p 53 10 C Fitzgerald, (ed), Letters from the Bay of Islands: The story of Marianne Williams, Penguin, Auckland, 2004, p 11 11 Parramatta, 1814, ML Map M2 811.1301/1814/1 12 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-1838, Coulls Somerville Wilkie and A.H. Reed for the Otago University Council, Dunedin, 1932, p 39 13 A T Yarwood, Samuel Marsden: The Great Survivor, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1977p 203-4 14 J B Marsden, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, edited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913, p 134 15 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304 16 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304-5 17 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 305 18 J McClymont, James Houison 1800-1876: Parramatta’s Forgotten Architect, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2010, p 77 19 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 56-7 20 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 57 21 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, p 246, 446 22 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 59-60, and fn 64 p 66 23 Births, Deaths and Marriages, St John’s Burial Register, Jan 1819-Dec 1825, SRNSW 24 Grant Register, Volume 14, No 130, LPI 25 J B Marsden, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, edited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913, p 134 26 The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p 77 27 C Fitzgerald, (ed), Letters from the Bay of Islands, p 49 28 J S Hassall, In Old Australia, R S Hews & Co, [printer] Brisbane, 1902, p 168 29 J Belich, Making Peoples, p 145 30 C Fitzgerald, (ed), Letters from the Bay of Islands, p 50 31 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, p 412, 446-7 32 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, p 447 33 T Kass, C Liston & J McClymont, Parramatta: A Past Revealed, Parramatta City Council, Parramatta, 1996, p 95 34 Monitor, 6 Dec 1827, p 2 35 O Tatrai, Wind & Watermills in Old Parramatta, Author, Parramatta, 1994, p 64 36 Monitor, 21 Feb 1828, p 8 37 Sydney Gazette, 3 January 1829, p 2 38 Sydney Gazette, 13 April 1830, p 2 39 Monitor, 24 April 1830, p 3 40 Monitor, 6 Oct 1830, p 1 41 Sydney Gazette, 2 Aug 1831, p 1

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 55

42 Supreme Court, Probate Packet, Samuel Marsden, Series 1 No 925, SRNSW 14/3198 43 ‘Old Registers’, 1802-25; Vendors’ Indexes, Old System Deeds, 1825-1845 44 Search Notes, RPA 5288, LPI 45 Australian, 31 Oct 1830, p 4 46 Plan 179 (A), LPI 47 P L Bemi, Plan of the late Revd Saml Marsden's Estate, Subdivided and Sold, ML Map M2/811.1312/1840?/1 48 LPI, No 964 Bk L 49 LPI, No 973 Bk M 50 LPI, No 366 Bk 605 51 Conrad Martens, [View of Parramatta], 1838, DL Pg 15 52 LPI, No 374 Bk 163 53 Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 54 LPI, No 785 Bk 235 55 LPI, No 487 Bk 480 56 P.230.574. Sheet 8, Crown Plan 57 LPI, No 367 Bk 605 58 LPI, No 23 Bk 809 59 LPI, No 24 Bk 809 60 Stamp Duties Office, Deceased Estate File, James Swanton Vickery, duty paid 9/3/08, SRNSW 20/326 61 LPI, No 24 Bk 809 62 L D S Waddy, The King's School, 1831-1981: an account, Council of the King's School, Parramatta, 1981, p 116-8 63 J C Wharton, The Jubilee History of Parramatta, Cumberland Argus, Parramatta, 1911, p 98 64 LPI, No 399 Bk 890 65 LPI, No 400 Bk 890 66 LPI, No 330 Bk 900 67 Register of Owners, Gore Ward, 1914, Parramatta Local Studies Collection, p 74 68 LPI, No 387 Bk 1084 69 RPA 22153 70 LPI, No 367 Bk 1362 71 LPI, No 368 Bk 1581 72 Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room 73 Blackwattle Sheet and Blackwattle Record 2770, Sydney Water Plans Room 74 SR Map 32241 75 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/, Accessed 14 Aug 2012 76 DP 162815 77 Australian, 31 Oct 1839, p 4 78 Recited in LPI No 857 Bk 20 79 Plan 179 (A), LPI 80 P L Bemi, Plan of the late Revd Saml Marsden's Estate, Subdivided and Sold, ML Map M2/811.1312/1840?/1 81 Monitor, 11 Dec 1839 82 LPI No 857 Bk 20 83 LPI No 850 Bk 20 84 LPI No 100 Bk 70 85 LPI No 496 Bk 126 86 Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 87 Supreme Court, Probate Packet, Hugh Fairclough, Series 3 No 2654, SRNSW 17/1854 88 P.230.574. Sheet 8, Crown Plan 89 DP 72153 90 RPA 22153 91 Document 14, RPA 22153, SRNSW NRS 17513 92 C T 3060 f 247 93 C T 3060 f 247 94 C T 3460 f 145 95 Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room

56 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

96 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/, Accessed 14 Aug 2012 97 Stamp Duties Office, Deceased Estate File, Joseph Davis, Parramatta, manufacturer, A 63805, SRNSW 20/3292 98 C T 3460 f 145 99 C T 3460 f 145 100 DP 27317 101 C T 3460 f 145 102 C T 7652 f 218 103 C T 7652 f 218 104 C T 7729 f 32 105 C T 7729 f 32 106 DP 876148 107 Australian, 31 Oct 1839, p 4 108 LPI, No 586 Bk 10 109 SMH, 28 Nov 1844, p 1 110 LPI, No 505 Bk 16 111 Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 112 Stamp Duties Office, Deceased Estate File, George Oakes, Z 3633, SRNSW 20/6989 113 LPI, No 921 Bk 308 114 Recited in LPI, No 60 Bk 1305 115 LPI, No 405 Bk 499 116 P.230.574. Sheet 8, Crown Plan 117 RPA 22153 118 Document 21, in RPA 22286, SRNSW, NRS 17513 119 LPI, No 60 Bk 1305 120 LPI, No 89 Bk 1305 121 J McClymont, James Houison 1800-1876: Parramatta’s Forgotten Architect, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2010, p 79-80 122 SMH, 2 Sept 1925, p 12 123 LPI, No 713 Bk 1949 124 Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room 125 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/, Accessed 14 Aug 2012 126 Stamp Duties Office, Deceased Estate File, Joseph Davis, Parramatta, manufacturer, A 63805, SRNSW 20/3292 127 LPI, No 779 Bk 2024 128 LPI, No 780 Bk 2024 129 LPI, No 781 Bk 2024 130 LPI, No 575 Bk 2088 131 LPI, No 576 Bk 2088 132 LPI, No 577 Bk 2088 133 LPI, No 766 Bk 2269 134 DP 27317 135 LPI, No 982 Bk 2364 136 LPI, No 983 Bk 2364 137 LPI, No 963 Bk 2561 138 Ms.16680.3000, Crown Plan 139 J McClymont, James Houison 1800-1876: Parramatta’s Forgotten Architect, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2010, p 77 140 J S Hassall, In Old Australia, R S Hews & Co, [printer] Brisbane, 1902, p 168 141 J Belich, Making Peoples, p 145 142 T Kass, C Liston & J McClymont, Parramatta: A Past Revealed, Parramatta City Council, Parramatta, 1996, p 95 143 Monitor, 6 Dec 1827, p 2 144 J B Marsden, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, edited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913, opp p 58 145 Richard Taylor, Diary of residence in New South Wales, 12 June 1836-19 February 1839, ML A3816, p 31 146 Australian, 31 Oct 1839, p 4

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147 J McClymont, James Houison 1800-1876: Parramatta’s Forgotten Architect, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2010, p 78 148 Australian, 24 April 1841, p 3 149 LPI, No 505 Bk 16 150 LPI, No 505 Bk 16 151 LPI No 972 Bk 84 152 LPI, No 993 Bk 105 153 Parramatta Rate Book, 1864, Nos 1233-1234 154 Parramatta Rate Book, 1868, Nos 1240-1242 155 Parramatta Rate Book, 1870, Gore Ward, Nos 368-369 156 Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 157 RPA 19390 158 DP 72286 159 RPA 22286 160 Document 23 and 24, in RPA 22286, SRNSW, NRS 17513 161 C T 3167 f 15 162 Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room 163 C T 3768 f 83 164 DP 323105 165 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/, Accessed 14 Aug 2012 166 C T 3768 f 83 167 Sands, Directory, 1932-3, pp 701 168 C T 6174 f 182 169 DP 587055 170 C T 6174 f 182 171 C T 3768 f 123 172 C T 3939 f 29-30 173 C T 3939 f 29-30 174 Sands, Directory, 1932-3, pp 701 175 C T 3939 f 29-30 176 C T 3939 f 29-30 177 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/, Accessed 14 Aug 2012 178 DP 348107 179 C T 5392 f 25 180 C T 5392 f 26 181 Australian, 31 Oct 1839, p 4 182 LPI, No 855 Bk S 183 LPI, No 505 Bk 16 184 Document 10, in RPA 19390, SRNSW, NRS 17513 185 Recited in LPI, No 250 Bk 92 186 Document 10, in RPA 19390, SRNSW, NRS 17513 187 Recited in LPI, No 250 Bk 92 188 LPI, No 250 Bk 92 189 Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 190 Parramatta Rate Book, 1875, Gore Ward, No 384 191 Series 4 No 17768, RPA 19390 192 Stamp Duties Office, Deceased Estate File, Mary Ann Farrance, Parramatta, widow, duty paid 8/5/1899, SRNSW 20/138 193 DP 69390 194 RPA 19390 195 Document 9, in RPA 19390, SRNSW, NRS 17513 196 DP 7950 197 C T 2537 f 165 198 C T 2773 f 94 199 Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room

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200 C T 2773 f 94 201 Sands, Directory, 1930, p 722 202 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/, Accessed 14 Aug 2012 203 C T 2773 f 94 204 C T 6247 f 77 205 C T 6247 f 77 206 C T 6247 f 77 207 C T 6279 f 56 208 C T 6279 f 56 209 DP 587055

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60 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

4.0 Site Analysis

4.1 Site Inspection

An inspection of the site was undertaken on 5 September 2012 by Sally MacLennan and Nina Pollock of GML and Graeme Bleus of PCC. The subject site was inspected for visible archaeological remains or evidence of former ground disturbance. The purpose of the site inspection was also to take note of current site conditions and to ensure that GML personnel were familiar with the site and its context.

The site inspection was informed by historical evidence, site plans and aerial photographs. During the inspection various aspects of the study area were recorded, including topography, ground levels across the site and presence of sub-surface services. The following observations were made:

 The reserve is located on the foreshore of Parramatta River. Most of the reserve is a flat floodplain, except the steep bank which defines some of the northern border of the park (Figures 4.1 and 4.2).

 Most of the reserve is covered by grass. A stand of tall eucalypts sit in the centre of the floodplain towards the centre of the reserve (Figure 4.1).

 The Parramatta River foreshore is flanked by mangrove wetlands. On the eastern side the mangroves sit slightly below the floodplain (Figure 4.3); further west they are located at the same level as the floodplain (Figure 4.4).

 Small sandy beaches are visible among the mangroves, particularly on the western side of the reserve (Figure 4.4).

 A central portion of the reserve (both the floodplain and steep bank) is fenced off for rehabilitation. The portion of this area on the floodplain is naturally swampy and is vegetated with grasses, shrubs and swamp-tolerant trees such as casuarinas (Figures 4.5 and 4.6).

 The bank within this fenced off area is sparsely vegetated and has been heavily eroded (Figure 4.7). Some attempts have been made to direct stormwater and reduce erosion by creating stone-lined channels (Figure 4.8).

 Other parts of the bank are vegetated with scrub (grasses, shrubs, casuarinas) (Figure 4.9). Some parts have been cleared of vegetation (Figure 4.2).

 The southern continuation of Morton Street, now incorporated into Ranighou Reserve and grasses over, is raised above the flat floodplain around it. It is located at the eastern extent of the reserve (Figure 4.10).

 A stormwater drain, which services Morton Street, travels below Rangihou Reserve immediately west of the raised road platform described above. A dip in the ground surface is evidence in the vicinity of the drain’s path (Figure 4.10). It empties into the Parramatta River in the mangroves on the foreshore (Figure 4.11).

 A number of other subsurface services, including stormwater drains, were observed at Rangihou Reserve (Figures 4.12 and 4.13).

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 61

 A concrete path traverses the length of Rangihou Reserve from east to west, providing pedestrian access to the reserve (Figure 4.14). It is lined with lights on lampposts.

 The path ascends the steep bank at the west end of the site (Figures 4.1, 4.10 and 4.14).

 The northwestern corner of the reserve is above the steep bank. It slopes gently until the bank drops off to the south. This portion of land may have been levelled to some degree, and a line of stone was observed in the middle of this area (Figure 4.15).

 No Aboriginal objects or historical archaeological features were identified during the survey.

Figure 4.1 Floodplain at Rangihou Reserve. Mangroves on the riverfront Figure 4.2 Steep bank along the northern edge of Rangihou Reserve. are visible on the left hand side of image. (Source: GML 2012) (Source: GML 2012)

Figure 4.3 Mangroves/wetlands on the eastern side of Rangihou Figure 4.4 Mangroves/wetlands on the central/western side of Rangihou Reserve sitting a little below the floodplain. (Source: GML 2012) Reserve, immediately adjacent to the Parramatta River. (Source: GML 2012)

62 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 4.5 Fenced off swampy area for revegetation. (Source: GML Figure 4.6 Fenced off area for revegetation, facing west. (Source: GML 2012) 2012)

Figure 4.7 Sparsely vegetated bank, showing heavy erosion. (Source: GML 2012)

Figure 4.8 Artificial channels for stormwater drainage. (Source: GML 2012)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 63

Figure 4.9 Steep bank vegetated with grasses, shrubs and trees. This Figure 4.10 The southern continuation of Morton Street, now photograph is at the western end of the reserve. (Source: GML 2012) incorporated into the reserve (left of image), is raised above the floodplain. The dip immediately to the right of the raised platform indicates the path of the stormwater drain. (Source: GML 2012)

Figure 4.11 Stormwater drain at Rangihou Reserve. (Source: GML Figure 4.12 A stormwater drain manhole in the centre of Rangihou 2012) Reserve. (Source: GML 2012)

Figure 4.13 Subsurface service at Rangihou Reserve. (Source: GML Figure 4.14 Concrete path and lampposts at Rangihou Reserve, facing 2012) east. (Source: GML 2012)

64 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 4.15 Gentle slope at north west corner of reserve, above steep Figure 4.16 PCC stockpile area, part of the 1A Morton Street Depot site bank. (Source: GML 2012) but publicly accessible from Rangihou Reserve. (Source: GML 2012)

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66 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

5.0 Aboriginal Archaeology

5.1 Environmental Context

This section provides environmental context information for use in developing a predictive model of Aboriginal archaeological site locations associated with the study area. Interactions between people and their surroundings are of integral importance in the initial formation, and the subsequent preservation, of the archaeological record. The nature and availability of resources, including water, flora and fauna and suitable raw materials for the manufacture of stone tools and other items, had (and continues to have) a significant influence over the way in which people utilise the landscape.

Alterations to the natural environment also impact upon the preservation and integrity of any cultural materials that may have been deposited, while current vegetation and erosional regimes affect the visibility and detectability of Aboriginal sites and objects. For these reasons, it is essential to consider the environmental context as a component of any Aboriginal archaeological assessment.

5.1.1 Geology and Soils

Soil landscape mapping by Chapman and Murphy identifies that the study area is located across two soil landscapes. Most of the study area is located on Lucas Heights soils, with a small corner of the site on the northwestern side of the reserve (close to Macarthur Street, on the bank above the floodplain) on Blacktown soils.1 The Lucas Heights soils are described as moderately deep soils (50–150cm), which are generally stony with low fertility and low available water capacity. Lucas Heights soils overly the Mittagong Formation, made up of alternating bands of Ashfield Shale and fine grained Hawkesbury Sandstone.2 The Blacktown soil landscape consists of soils generally less than 100cm deep, with low soil fertility and poor drainage. The Blacktown soil landscape is underlain by the Wianamatta Group of shales.3

Recent geomorphological investigation by Mitchell has characterised the soils of the Parramatta River floodplain close to Parramatta CBD in more detail.4 Mitchell described the soils of the fluvial terrace in the vicinity of Rangihou Reserve as:

composed of European fill materials dumped on a dark sticky saturated mud (silty clay), with a thin veneer of single grained quartz sand on the surface in the inter-tidal zone within the mangroves. The floodplain here is poorly drained and the fine sediments with a high organic content are typical of the upper estuary. The sand layer is formed as a micro-beach by wave wash from passing boat traffic5

Geotechnical investigation undertaken at Parramatta City Council’s nearby 1A Morton Street Depot involved drilling one borehole on the floodplain, close to Rangihou Reserve. It revealed 2.25m of mixed clay fill overlying organic silt.6 It is likely this silt was deposited naturally by the Parramatta River; however, the mixed clay fill has been introduced. It may have been redeposited following landscape modification at 1A Morton Street.7

5.1.2 Landforms and Topography

Rangihou Reserve is located on the foreshore of the Parramatta River. Most of the reserve is located on the floodplain (or fluvial terrace), as described by Mitchell.8 The reserve also incorporates parts of the steep natural levee that separates the fluvial terrace from the shale hillslope located to the north of site.

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 67

The entire floodplain at Rangihou Reserve (land less than 2m above Parramatta River) is subject to flooding. Mitchell suggests that the floodplain is ‘modern’, and is thus not likely to contain Aboriginal archaeological evidence.9

5.1.3 Hydrology

Rangihou Reserve is located on the north bank of the Parramatta River. Parramatta River drains a considerable area of the Cumberland Plain and Hills District and is a fourth order stream. Tidal influences on the Parramatta River extend as far inland as Parramatta, thus the study area is located close to the transition between freshwater and estuarine environments.10 Fresh water could be obtained from Parramatta River upstream of the tidal limits at the rocks, located close to the present Charles Street (approximately 500m west of the study area).

Several smaller streams drain into the Parramatta River close to the study area. Vineyard Creek and Subiaco Creek enter the Parramatta River approximately 1km and 1.3km respectively to the east of Rangihou Reserve. Clay Cliff Creek enters the Parramatta River less than 500m east of the study area, but on the south side of the river.

5.1.4 Vegetation and Fauna

Rangihou Reserve’s Parramatta River frontage would have naturally been vegetated with mangrove–saltmarsh complex.11 A remnant area of this wetland vegetation is listed as ‘Wetlands’ (Item 1) on Schedule 5—Environmental Heritage of the Parramatta LEP 2011 (see Section 7.0). The floodplain between the mangrove–saltmarsh and the Cumberland Plain Woodland would have been vegetated by riparian woodland, comprising of salt tolerant swamp oak.12

The natural vegetation of the shale hillslope would have been characterised by Cumberland Plain Woodland, consisting of Grey Box (Eucalyptus moluccana) and Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and a grassy understorey.13

The study area, being close to the transition from freshwater to tidal water in the Parramatta River, would have had access to a range of both freshwater resources, such as fish, eels and turtles, along with salt water species such as crustaceans and shellfish. Terrestrial fauna was plentiful on the Cumberland Plain and accounts show a range of animals were hunted for food including kangaroo, possum, wombats, echidna, snakes, emu and waterbirds.14

5.1.5 Modern Land Use and Disturbance

Rangihou Reserve has been marginal to intensive physical development since the European occupation of Parramatta from 1788. This section briefly outlines possible physical disturbances that may have affected the Aboriginal archaeological potential of the site.

The degree of disturbance that would affect the survival of Aboriginal archaeological remains on the subject site is illustrated in Figure 5.2. The degree of disturbance to each site feature is assessed on a scale as minor, medium or major:

 Minor Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that may have had a minor effect on the integrity and survival of archaeological remains.

 Medium Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that may have affected the integrity and survival of archaeological evidence. Archaeological evidence may be present; however, it may be disturbed.

68 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

 Major Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that would have had a major effect on the integrity and survival of archaeological remains. Archaeological evidence may be greatly disturbed or destroyed.

The majority of the site, consisting of the floodplain on the foreshore of the Parramatta River, has been significantly affected by flooding events that are likely to have affected the integrity of any Aboriginal archaeological deposits in this area. Coupled with the floodplain’s use in the historical period for livestock grazing and varying levels of landscape modification associated with land reclamation and maintenance of the reserve, it is likely that the floodplain area of the reserve has been subject to medium disturbance.

Other areas of the site have also been subject to medium disturbance. Levelling, construction and demolition of the two twentieth-century cottages originally located at 4 and 6 Macarthur Street (now incorporated within the reserve, at the northwest of the site) is likely to have moderately disturbed any Aboriginal archaeological deposit on this part of the site. Landscape modification of the bank, associated with the construction of nearby residences, and in the vicinity of the southern continuation of Morton Street at the reserve’s east, is also likely to have caused medium disturbance to the bank landform. Significant erosion was also observed on parts of the bank, which may have disturbed any Aboriginal archaeological deposits in this area.

Major disturbance is likely to have occurred along the pathway where it traverses the steep bank. In this area significant cutting and filling has occurred in order to accommodate the path along the steep slope.

Parts of the subject site have also been subject to localised disturbance associated with the installation of underground services, including stormwater drains, across the site. 5.2 Aboriginal Archaeological Context

5.2.1 Ethnohistory

The original Aboriginal inhabitants of the study area would have been among the first Indigenous people to experience the effects of physical and social dislocation as a result of the arrival and settlement at Port Jackson and the establishment of Rose Hill (later Parramatta) in November 1788. Further, epidemics of smallpox dramatically affected the Aboriginal population in Sydney, and across Australia. In 1790 Bennelong estimated to Governor Phillip that over half of Sydney’s original Aboriginal population had died as a result of the smallpox epidemic that broke in 1789.15 Other effects of European colonisation on local Aboriginal populations included loss of access to traditional lands and resources, inter-tribal conflict, starvation, and the breakdown of traditional cultural practices. The effects of such severe social dislocation may have dramatically altered some aspects of the lives of local Aboriginal people recorded by early European observers.

Early accounts record the local inhabitants at Parramatta as the ‘Burramattugal’—the word from which the name Parramatta is derived. Parramatta translates as ‘the place where eels lie down’ or ‘the head of the river’. The Burramattugal were an inland clan of the Darug people, who occupied Western Sydney.16

Parramatta River, in the vicinity of the study area, was a resource rich area as it is located at the tidal extremity of the river. From here, Aboriginal people had access to a wide range of freshwater, estuarine and terrestrial floral and faunal resources. Eel and river fish were vital riverine resources which were exploited by the Burramattugal, and shell middens in the upper estuarine reaches of the

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 69

Parramatta River indicate shellfish were also a popular food. The river was also used extensively for transport—bark canoes were commonly used by local Aboriginal people while fishing and travelling on the Parramatta River.

Aboriginal people also used traditional land management practices to assist in hunting various native animals for meat and skins. Firing was used to create grassed open spaces where animals could graze, making it easier to hunt them. This accounts for the ‘park like’ environment noted by several European settlers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.17

Europeans settled along the south side of the Parramatta River in 1788. Initial contact was primarily centred on trade and barter, although the first few decades of European occupation were also marked by tensions between the two populations. An annual feast for Sydney’s Aboriginal population was established by Macquarie, and it was held at Civic Place. The feast was designed to promote the new Native Institution, set up by William Shelley with Macquarie’s support, to give Aboriginal children a European education. Around 60 Aboriginal people attended the first meeting in December 1814, with attendance numbers increased to around 300 in 1818. The event was discontinued in 1835. Commissioner Bigge noted that from the 1820s Aboriginal populations had diminished greatly in the vicinity of towns and settled areas. This is likely to be the case at Parramatta, as there was a change in focus for Aboriginal settlement from Parramatta to Blacktown.18

5.2.2 Relevant Local Literature

The study area has not been subject to previous Aboriginal archaeological studies. A number of Aboriginal archaeological investigations have been undertaken in Parramatta, mostly on the south side of the Parramatta River within Parramatta’s CBD, which are relevant for the current assessment. The results of some of these studies are briefly discussed below.

Mary Dallas 2003—Parramatta City Council Aboriginal Heritage Study

In 2003 Mary Dallas Consulting Archaeology created a broad zoning plan of Aboriginal archaeological sensitivity across Parramatta LGA as a management tool for Parramatta City Council.19 Based on the site’s zoning as public open space and the site’s proximity to water, Rangihou Reserve was designated as having high Aboriginal archaeological sensitivity.

Since 2003 extensive research into the nature of Aboriginal occupation and archaeology has been undertaken in Parramatta and across the Cumberland Plain. This has allowed the predictive model for Aboriginal site location to become more highly refined. This assessment takes into consideration this subsequent body of literature and modelling, as outlined throughout this Section.

Jo McDonald 2004—1 Smith Street, Parramatta

In 2004 Jo McDonald Cultural Heritage Management undertook an archaeological test excavation at 1 Smith Street (now the Sydney Water site), approximately 1km southwest of the study area. Prehistoric soil profiles were identified at the site but revealed very low artefact densities. The assemblage was co-dominated by quartz and silcrete materials, which contradicted the local model suggesting that silcrete was the predominant raw material used in stone tool manufacture in the Parramatta region. Evidence of occupation reflected patterns associated more with transient, non- residential occupation rather than intensive and sustained occupation.

70 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Jo McDonald 2005—CG1 (Corner of Charles and George Streets) Parramatta

In 2005, Jo McDonald Cultural Heritage Management completed the report on Aboriginal archaeological salvage works on the northeast corner of Charles and George Street, approximately 500m west of the study area. This involved the hand excavation of over 210m2 and machine excavation of 250m2 of site CG1 (45-5-2648). Despite extensive European occupation of the site from 1804, including the construction of a brewery in 1836 and warehouses from the 1960s, intact soil profiles of the Parramatta Sand Terrace were located beneath the European layers. Over 6,500 stone artefacts were recovered from the site, including silicified tuff and silcrete raw materials, ground edge axes and grindstone technology and evidence of living floors and hearths were located. The excavation area revealed a continuous dispersal of artefacts, with some concentrations of moderate–high density artefact scatters indicating areas where localised knapping occurred. The site had high spatial integrity, and indicated there were multiple phases of prehistoric occupation. The spatial organisation of different localised activity areas indicated that the use of this part of the Parramatta River foreshore, at the river’s upper tidal reaches, was highly patterned.20

Jo McDonald 2005—109–113 George Street, Parramatta

Also in 2005, Jo McDonald Cultural Heritage Management completed the report on Aboriginal archaeological salvage works at site RTA-G1 at 109–113 George Street, approximately 500m west of the study area. A total of 4,181 stone artefacts were recovered from an excavated area of 132m2 of the Parramatta Sand Terrace body. A date of 30,735 ± 407 years BP was obtained from charcoal samples near the base of the deposit, which is the oldest date of Aboriginal occupation of the Sydney region.21 This site demonstrates changes in raw material and technology use over time. The earliest dates from the sequence are dominated by silicified tuff artefacts, which become less frequent at c6000–8000 years BP, when silcrete begins to become the preferred raw material and Bondaian technologies dominate.22

Austral Archaeology 2007—95–101 George Street, Parramatta

A salvage excavation was completed at 95–101 George Street, approximately 600m southwest of the study area. The site was previously identified as a Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) due to the proximity to the river and likelihood of Aboriginal artefacts and the Parramatta Sand Terrace to exist at this location. A total of 601 stone artefacts were recovered from the excavation, with tuff representing almost half of the assemblage and smaller frequencies of fine-grained siliceous materials, silcrete, chert, quartz, quartzite, volcanic material and petrified wood. Cores and retouched flakes represented approximately 2% each of the assemblage.23

Jillian Comber 2010—140 Macquarie Street, Parramatta

In 2010 Jillian Comber undertook Aboriginal archaeological testing and salvage for the replacement of the Union Street Switching Station, approximately 600m southwest of the study area. During testing 55 artefacts (both stone and worked glass) were recovered, and over 3,000 artefacts were retrieved during subsequent salvage. The excavation confirmed the presence of the Parramatta Sand Terrace at the site, and revealed that this area was naturally swamp land close to the Parramatta River. Resources from the swamp may have been exploited by Aboriginal people in the past. Preparation of the final excavation report is still underway, and once completed may reveal occupation dates able to be compared with other sites in Parramatta and the wider Cumberland Plain.24

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Godden Mackay Logan 2012—7–9 Victoria Road, Parramatta

During the course of historical archaeological excavations at 7–9 Victoria Road (approximately 1km northwest of the study are) GML recovered nine Aboriginal stone artefacts. All artefacts were made of silcrete, and were located in historically disturbed contexts such as fill deposits within postholes and wells. No intact soil profiles or archaeological deposits were identified, but demonstrated that Aboriginal archaeological evidence is sometimes present within historical archaeological layers of occupation.25

5.2.3 AHIMS Search

An extensive search of the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS) database administered by the OEH was undertaken on 8 August 2012 (Appendix A). Twenty-six registered sites are located within approximately 2km of the study area (Figure 5.1). Seventeen potential archaeological deposits (PADs) and 10 artefact concentrations are registered (one site has a PAD and artefact concentration attributed to the one AHIMS number).

The AHIMS results indicate that PADs and artefact concentrations are the most commonly recorded Aboriginal archaeological sites in the Parramatta area. The pattern revealed by the AHIMS search also shows a large concentration of sites around Parramatta’s CBD. This pattern may be explained by a couple of factors. Firstly, it may indicate that the Parramatta CBD area was a centre of Aboriginal occupation, due to the favourable environment created by the Parramatta Sand Terrace body, as discussed in Section 5.2.2. This pattern is, however, also likely to have been heavily biased by the extensive amount of recent development in the Parramatta CBD. Although very few sites have been registered on the northern side of the Parramatta River, this absence is more likely to reflect the slower pace of redevelopment rather than indicating that this area was not occupied and used by local Aboriginal populations.

The AHIMS search did not identify any sites on similar floodplain landforms along the Parramatta River. 5.3 Assessment of Aboriginal Archaeological Potential

This assessment of Aboriginal archaeological potential is based on the above analysis of the site’s environmental and archaeological context, and the findings of the site inspection as presented in Section 4.0, as well as historic aerials and plans.

Archaeological studies in the Parramatta area suggest the environment found on the southern side of the river would have been a preferred location for Aboriginal occupation, due to the favourable environmental conditions created by the Parramatta Sand Terrace. This perception is encouraged by a lack of recorded AHIMS sites on the northern side of the Parramatta River (Figure 5.2).

Although the environment of the southern bank of the river may have been favourable for Aboriginal occupation, this does not preclude substantial Aboriginal use of the northern side of the river. Aboriginal archaeological evidence is common on lower slopes on underlying shale geology across the Cumberland Plain.26 Further, the site’s proximity to permanent freshwater and diverse resources may have made lower slopes to the north of Rangihou Reserve a favourable area for activities such as camping.

The landforms at Rangihou Reserve itself are unlikely to have been used extensively for sustained occupation. Mitchell suggests that much of the deposit on the floodplain is ‘modern’ and thus

72 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

unlikely to yield any Aboriginal archaeological evidence.27 Historical evidence suggests parts of the terrace are reclaimed; however, the floodplain may have been present in some form prior to European settlement. In this case the fluvial terrace would have been marshy, flood prone and liable to insects such as mosquitoes, and the steep bank unsuitable for occupation. This area would, however, have been rich in estuarine resources, and may have been used for resource collection around the mangroves, river and wetlands. Artefact deposits in this area are likely to have been incidental (eg discarded during resource collection) rather than the result of large-scale or repeated occupation where activities such as artefact production occurred.

The likely nature of Aboriginal activity at Rangihou Reserve is likely to have left only ephemeral archaeological evidence. Flooding of the terrace would have disturbed, and perhaps destroyed, Aboriginal archaeological evidence across the fluvial terrace. Most of the reserve has been subject to medium levels of disturbance, with a small section subject to major disturbance (Figure 5.2).

Based on the likely pattern of Aboriginal use of the study area, and subsequent disturbance (both natural and human induced), Rangihou Reserve is considered to have low–nil Aboriginal archaeological potential (Figure 5.3).

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 73

Figure 5.1 Registered AHIMS sites in the Parramatta area. (Source: OEH / Google Earth with GML 2012 additions)

74 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 5.2 Levels of disturbance that would affect Aboriginal archaeological deposits. (Source: Google Earth with GML additions 2012 additions)

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 75

Figure 5.3 Aboriginal archaeological potential at Rangihou Reserve. (Source: Google Earth with GML additions 2012)

76 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

5.4 Endnotes

1 Chapman, GA and CL Murphy, 1989, Soil Landscapes of the Sydney 1:100 000 Sheet, Soil and Conservation Service of NSW, Sydney. Chapman GA, Murphy, CL, Tille PJ, Atkinson G and Morse RJ, 2009 Ed 4, Soil Landscapes of the Sydney 1:100,000 Sheet map, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, Sydney. 2 Ibid, pp 26–29. 3 Ibid, pp 30–33. 4 Mitchell, PB, 2008, Nature and distribution of Parramatta Terrace Sand, prepared for Parramatta City Council, May 2008. 5 Ibid, p 6. 6 Martens and Associates, July 2012, Contamination and Geotechnical Assessment, Parramatta City Council Depot 1A Morton St, Parramatta, prepared for Parramatta City Council. 7 Godden Mackay Logan September 2012 (draft), 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta, Heritage Assessment, prepared for Parramatta City Council. 8 Mitchell, PB, 2008, Nature and distribution of Parramatta Terrace Sand, prepared for Parramatta City Council, May 2008, p 6. 9 Ibid, p 9. 10 Attenbrow, V 2010 (2nd ed), Sydney’s Aboriginal Past: Investigating the archaeological and historical records, UNSW Press, Sydney. Jo McDonald CHM January 2005, Archaeological Salvage Excavations at Site CG1, Parramatta, NSW, prepared for Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd, pp 10–11. 11 State Heritage Inventory, ‘Wetland’ Inventory Card. 12 Jo McDonald CHM January 2005, Archaeological Salvage Excavations at Site CG1, Parramatta, NSW, prepared for Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd, p 10. 13 Benson, D and J Howell 1990, Taken for Granted: The bushland of Sydney and its suburbs, Kangaroo Press, Sydney, pp 68–69. 14 Attenbrow, V 2002, Sydney’s Aboriginal Past: Investigating the archaeological and historical records, University of NSW Press, Sydney, p 70–76. 15 Attenbrow, V 2010 (2nd ed), Sydney’s Aboriginal Past: Investigating the archaeological and historical records, UNSW Press, Sydney, p 21. 16 Dallas, M 2003, Parramatta City Council Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Study, prepared for Parramatta City Council, p 30. 17 Ibid, pp 32–34. 18 Ibid, pp 34–55. 19 Mary Dallas Consulting Archaeologists 2003, Parramatta City Council Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Study, prepared for Parramatta City Council. 20 Jo McDonald CHM 2005a, Archaeological salvage excavation at Site CG1, at the corner of Charles & George Streets, Parramatta NSW, p i–5. 21 Jo McDonald CHM 2005b, Archaeological salvage excavation of site RTA-G1, 109–113 George Street, Parramatta, NSW, Report to Landcom. 22 ibid. 23 Austral Archaeology 2007, Aboriginal Salvage Excavation, 101 George Street Parramatta, p 93. 24 Comber, J November 2010, Preliminary Excavation Report—140 Macquarie Street, Parramatta, prepared for Integral Energy. 25 Godden Mackay Logan in preparation, 7–9 Victoria Road, Post Excavation Report, prepared for SFK Development and Zhinar Architects. 26 White, B and J McDonald, 2010, ‘Lithic Artefact Distribution in the Rouse Hill Development Area, Cumberland Plain, New South Wales’, Australian Archaeology, 70, pp 29–38. 27 Mitchell, PB, 2008, Nature and distribution of Parramatta Terrace Sand, prepared for Parramatta City Council, May 2008, p9.

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78 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

6.0 Historical Archaeological Assessment

6.1 Desktop Analysis

6.1.1 Historical Development

The following outline of historical development has been extrapolated from the historical overview presented in Section 3.0. It has particular regard to the physical development of the study area, as this may have implications for the archaeological record. This analysis has identified five main phases of historical development:

 Phase 1: Early History (1788–1819);

 Phase 2: Samuel Marsden and Rangihou (1819–1827);

 Phase 3: Subdivision and Sale (1827–1950s); and

 Phase 4: Rangihou Reserve (1950s–Present).

Phase 1: Early History (1788s–1819)

The subject site was marginal to the development of Parramatta and was from 1791 within Town Boundary Farms No. 7, which was farmed by settlers from the Sirius.

No documentary evidence exists for any specific development within the study area during Phase 1 (1790s–1810s).

Phase 2: Samuel Marsden and Rangihou (1819–1827)

Samuel Marsden established ‘Rangihou’—a seminary for Maoris—on the northern side of the Parramatta River in 1819. Rangihou cottage was located to the north of Rangihou Reserve; however, it is possible that the subject site was part of the land set aside to teach the Maori students in agriculture. A small outbuilding is recorded close to the edge of the bank above the floodplain. A sketch drawn in 1836 (Figure 3.22) suggests the outbuilding was a small timber summer house. An 1848 plan (Figure 3.24) indicates that it may have been located within the current boundaries of the reserve and that it may be the small building depicted in Figure 3. 22.

These 112 acres, which included Rangihou Reserve, was formally granted to Marsden in 1822. While the seminary closed later in 1822, the estate remained in Marsden’s possession.

Phase 3: Subdivision and Sale (1827–1950s)

By 1827 Marsden’s seminary had been closed, and Rangihou cottage was leased by John Raine, who renamed it ‘Westgrove’. The Westgrove estate, as described in Section 3.0, comprised only approximately 27 acres of Marsden’s larger estate. Part of the Westgrove estate, on the river, is within the current Rangihou Reserve.

Marsden’s land was subdivided in 1838 following his death. Rangihou Reserve comprises the southern portion of Lots 43–46. This land was sold and further subdivided (as outlined in Section 3.0); however, there is little evidence for the land that became the reserve being used extensively. It comprised the southernmost portions of these lots, and was marginal to the residential development which was focused on New Zealand Street and Macarthur Street.

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It was cleared and there is evidence for construction of a wharf and boathouse on Lot 44 as early as 1837 (Figures 3.23 and 3.24). These structures may have been associated with Rangihou/Westgrove; however, it is unclear whether they date from the seminary period or later. The 1895 plan of the foreshore (Figure 3.15) indicates that land was reclaimed on the foreshore of Lots 45 and 44. A stone rubble seawall is marked, as are a dock and bathhouse on Lot 45, and a wharf on Lot 44.

The seawall shown in the 1895 plan and a fragmentary section of a separate stone wall on the boundary between Lots 44 and 43 are also recorded in both 1919 and 1955 (Figures 3.16 and 3.19). This fragmentary stone wall is likely to be associated with the wharf constructed on Lot 44 as shown on the 1895 plan. This wharf left a significant imprint on the river foreshore along this portion of the study area, and is also shown on the early-twentieth-century Sydney Water Plans (Figures 3.17 and 3.18). A plan from 1995 is marked ‘seawall demolished’, and suggests that the stone rubble seawall and perhaps the associated fragmentary stone wall were removed around this time (Figure 3.20).

A plan from 1957 (Figure 3.14) records a ‘line of very old posts’ at the south of Lot C (originally part of the Newlands/Broughton House estate).

Two weatherboard cottages were present at the very northwestern corner of the site, facing Macarthur Street in the twentieth century. They were present by 1930 (Figure 3.12).

The 1943 aerial photograph shows a path traversed the bank close to the centre of the reserve (Figure 3.13). A small structure oriented north-south sat on the verge of the bank overlooking the path.

No other structures or development were recorded on Rangihou Reserve.

Phase 4: Rangihou Reserve (1950s–Present)

Between the 1950s and the 1970s the southern portions of residential lots were transferred to PCC and became Rangihou Reserve.

Limited landscaping and infrastructure works, such as the construction of the footpath, have been undertaken to increase the amenity of the reserve.

6.1.2 Previous Historical Archaeological Studies

Two previous desktop archaeological assessments are of relevance to the current archaeological assessment.

Peter Douglas 1994—Samuel Marsden’s Seminary for Maoris at Parramatta

In 1994 Peter Douglas undertook an archaeological assessment of the site of Marsden’s Rangihou cottage.1 The study was commissioned by Te Iwi Maori NSW Inc and was intended to assess the significance of the site of Marsden’s Rangihou Seminary.

Douglas’ study area focused on the site of the original cottage at Rangihou, and covered nine suburban residential allotments immediately north of Rangihou Reserve (Figure 6.1). No part of Rangihou Reserve was included in Douglas’ study.

Douglas identified several features that may date to the nineteenth century, including a cistern, brick chimney base and a sandstone pathway. No features were able to be conclusively associated with

80 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Rangihou cottage or Marsden’s occupation of the site, although it was concluded that the cistern could date from Marsden’s occupation based on the date of the sandstock bricks and the proximity to the site of Rangihou cottage.

Godden Mackay Logan 2000—PHALMS

The Parramatta Historical Archaeological Landscape Management Study (PHALMS) was commissioned by the NSW Heritage Office and completed by GML in 2000. It was developed as a tool to facilitate planning and decision making about the conservation of Parramatta’s historical archaeological resource and to develop a proactive approach to managing this archaeology with public benefit in mind. PHALMS divided Parramatta into a number of discreet Archaeological Management Units (AMUs) and made recommendations about the research potential and significance of the estimated historical archaeological resource and indicative site requirements for the management of this resource. PHALMS was not a detailed archaeological assessment, and detailed historical resource and disturbance assessment was not within the parameters of the study.

Rangihou Reserve was assigned as AMU 3029, and was designated as having no current archaeological research potential.2 It identified the site as being part of the land used by Marsden for his Seminary for Maoris, prior to subdivision in the 1840s. It suggested that the site had been subject to major disturbance and has no archaeological significance. 6.2 Site Disturbance

The degree of disturbance that would affect the survival of historical archaeological remains on the subject site is illustrated in Figure 6.2. The degree of disturbance to each site feature is assessed on a scale as minor, medium or major:

 Minor Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that may have had a minor effect on the integrity and survival of archaeological remains.

The historical analysis presented at Section 6.1.1 indicates that the Rangihou Reserve study area has been marginal to the physical development of the nearby properties. Few structures were ever recorded on the study area, and before becoming an established reserve it appears to have been primarily used for livestock grazing. The river foreshore was used in a limited capacity for private docks and wharves.

Parts of the study area have experienced minor disturbance from a range of activities. Land clearing, cultivation and grazing within the study area is likely to have caused minor disturbance across the floodplain portion of the site. Land reclamation activities—both on the foreshore, and across marshy portions of the site—may have caused minor disturbance to any historical archaeological evidence that may remain at Rangihou Reserve. Landscaping activities to increase the amenity of the park, such as the installation of the path across the reserve, are also likely to have caused minor disturbance.

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The creation of the platform at the eastern edge of Rangihou Reserve, indicating the southern continuation of Morton Street, may have resulted in medium levels of disturbance. Ground levelling, construction and demolition of the now-demolished twentieth-century weatherboard cottages at 4 and 6 Macarthur Street (now incorporated within Rangihou Reserve) is also likely to have caused medium disturbance in this part of the study area.

The bank above the fluvial terrace is likely to have experienced medium disturbance, as a result of landscape modification associated with the construction of homes along Rangihou Reserve’s northern limit. Significant erosion was also observed along parts of this bank (Section 4.0), which may have caused medium disturbance.

Parts of the subject site have also been subject to localised disturbance associated with the installation of underground services, including stormwater drains, across the site.

This report indicates that, across much of the site, the level of disturbance may be less than originally estimated by PHALMS. 6.3 Assessment of Historical Archaeological Potential

While the site was included in land occupied by settlers from the Sirius as early as c1790, the site has remained largely undeveloped through various phases of ownership, including during its current incarnation as Rangihou Reserve.

Few structures are known to have been constructed on the site since c1788, and the area does not appear to have been intensively used for any purposes that would have resulted in substantial archaeological evidence.

6.3.1 Phase 1: Early History (1788–1819)

No structures are known on Rangihou Reserve during Phase 1 (1788–1819). Archaeological features could include ephemeral remains, such as postholes indicating former fencelines, structural remains of unrecorded buildings such as privies, wells or livestock pens, or other unrecorded features/deposits including rubbish pits, artefact scatters or ecological samples. As the available historical evidence provides no details about how the site may have been used during this period, the nature, location and integrity of any surviving archaeological evidence from this phase would be impossible to predict. There is low–nil potential for historical archaeological evidence associated with this use of the study area to survive.

6.3.2 Phase 2: Samuel Marsden and Rangihou (1819–1827)

The site was part of the land used by Samuel Marsden as Rangihou estate, but remained largely undeveloped during Marsden’s ownership (Phase 2). A small timber outbuilding (possibly a summer house) may have been located within the study area. Archaeological evidence may be limited to structural remains (probably limited to postholes from a timber structure) and associated artefact scatters or deposits. It is less likely that this outbuilding is associated with deeper subsurface features such as a privy or well. There is low potential for archaeological evidence associated with this structure to survive.

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The available historical evidence provides no details about how Rangihou Reserve may have been used during this period. Parts of the study area may have been used for agricultural training during Marsden’s occupation, so potential archaeological evidence associated with this use may include ephemeral remains associated with agricultural practices, such as evidence of former fencelines (eg timber posts, postholes), archaeo-botanical evidence, drainage features and other deposits and features. There is no documentary evidence to support this or any potential use of the site, however, and on this basis there is low–nil potential for historical archaeological evidence associated with this use of the study area to survive.

6.3.3 Phase 3: Subdivision and Sale (1827–1950s)

Following the closure of Marsden’s seminary, the study area formed the southern extent of several residential allotments. Development on these allotments was focused on their street frontages (to the north) rather than on the river foreshore. Little evidence for how the parts of the allotments that fall within the study area were used in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is available. Areas of the site may have been incorporated into the gardens of some allotments, and archaeological evidence of landscaping elements is possible, such as plantings, garden edging, evidence of former fencelines, pathways, archaeo-botanical evidence, drains and other deposits and features.

The river foreshore was used and modified to some extent during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As identified in Section 6.1.1, a range of nineteenth-century structures and features, including wharves, fencelines, a boathouse, a bath house and a seawall were present within the study area. Land reclamation, particularly associated with the stone seawall, also occurred in the late nineteenth century. A plan indicates that the seawall was removed in the 1990s (Figure 3.20); however, evidence of associated archaeological deposits and other structures may survive. Although no remnant structural remains were observed during the site inspection, sub-surface structural remains may survive and include footings, timber posts, postholes, stone walls or foundation trenches. Evidence of land reclamation fill deposits and artefact scatters or deposits associated with the wharves may also survive. The area of the river foreshore where these activities occurred has been subject to minor disturbance, and there is moderate potential for archaeological evidence associated with these activities and features to be present.

Two twentieth-century weatherboard cottages and associated sheds were present in the far northwest corner of the site; however, they were demolished and incorporated into Rangihou Reserve in the latter twentieth century (Figures 3.12 and 3.17). The area has been levelled to some degree, and a line of stone or concrete was observed in the centre of this area (Figure 4.15). The construction of these buildings may have caused moderate disturbance to any archaeological evidence that may have been present in this area predating the cottages. Minor disturbance has occurred in this area since the demolition of the cottages. There is a high potential for structural remains of these buildings may survive (Figure 6.3), and could include footings, postholes, foundation trenches or other evidence. The backyards of these cottages would have moderate potential for archaeological evidence associated with the twentieth-century occupation of these sites such as paving, rubbish pits, garden edging, drainage features, evidence of former fencelines and other deposits and features (Figure 6.3).

There is little evidence available that indicates if, or how, the bank within the study area was used during the historical period. The available plans show no physical development on the bank area of the site, and the 1877 Bird’s Eye View (Figure 3.10) over the study area appears to show the bank

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 83

largely uncleared. The aerial photographs from 1930 and 1943 (Figures 3.12 and 3.13 respectively) also show the bank uncleared, except for a small foot path on the eastern side of the study area that traverses the bank from the hillslope down to the floodplain. A small structure is located on the verge of the bank within the study area, overlooking the path. Structural remains of the structure could include posts or postholes, foundations, foundation trenches or metal roof sheeting. Although the path does not appear to be paved, an identifiable surface associated with repetitive foot traffic may be identifiable, and other deposits such as rubbish pits or artefact scatters may be associated with the footpath and structure.

6.3.4 Phase 4: Rangihou Reserve (1950s–Present)

Little physical development occurred within the study area during this period. Activities during this period are unlikely to have created substantial archaeological remains, and the nature, location and integrity of any surviving archaeological evidence from this phase would be impossible to predict.

6.3.5 Summary

Figure 6.3 provides a diagrammatic summary of the historical archaeological potential of the site.

Most of the bank within Rangihou Reserve is likely to have been subject to medium disturbance as a result of earthmoving activities associated with the construction of nearby houses, and may have disturbed or destroyed archaeological evidence in this area (Figure 6.2). These areas are therefore considered to have low historical archaeological potential (Figure 6.3).

The area of the bank where the modern concrete footpath has been cut into the steep slope has experienced major disturbance as a result of this significant earthmoving activities (Figure 6.2). This area has low–nil archaeological potential (Figure 6.3).

While the creation of Morton Street in the early twentieth century may have caused medium disturbance to evidence of former fencelines, there is low potential for evidence of early road surfaces and associated deposits to be present (Figure 6.3).

The site has some potential to contain evidence associated with incidental or unrecorded use of the area, from all historical phases, in areas of the site that have not been subject to major disturbance. Such evidence may include artefact scatters, isolated artefacts, rubbish pits, or other deposits or features associated with marginal use of this area. However, the nature and location of any such evidence would be impossible to predict.

The footprints of the two twentieth-century cottages and associated sheds in the northwest corner of the site have high archaeological potential as they are have only experienced minor disturbance since their demolition (Figure 6.3). The backyards of these dwellings have moderate archaeological potential for evidence associated with the houses as the evidence in these areas is likely to have been more ephemeral than the nearby structural remains.

Parts of the river foreshore, where wharves, sea walls and land reclamation activities occurred, have moderate historical archaeological potential (Figure 6.3).

84 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 6.1 Study area investigation during Peter Douglas’ 1994 archaeological assessment. (Source: Douglas, P 1994, Historical Archaeological Assessment of the site of Reverend Samuel Marsden’s Seminary For Maoris at Parramatta, Figure 3)

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Figure 6.2 Plan indicating areas of the site that have been subject to disturbance. (Source: GML 2012)

86 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Figure 6.3 Plan indicating the historical archaeological potential of the site. (Source: GML 2012)

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6.4 Endnotes

88 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

7.0 Heritage Items and Historic Views

7.1 Introduction

This section identifies listed and non-listed heritage items within and close to Rangihou Reserve. It also identifies historic views that incorporate Rangihou Reserve within their view catchment.

This section builds on the historical and physical analysis of the reserve presented at Sections 3.0 and 4.0 respectively.

Though Rangihou Reserve dates from the 1950s, there is no evidence of planned park improvements—such as historic cultural plantings—that predate the 1990s. The most recent layer of physical elements within the park (eg pathways, lighting and fencing) are not deemed to have heritage significance. Rangihou Reserve is not considered to be part of a cultural landscape for its role as a municipal park. 7.2 Heritage Items within the Site

An inspection was undertaken to identify and assess built heritage and associated elements within the site and its vicinity, including significant historic views to and from the subject site.

Rangihou Reserve is a cultural and natural landscape and does not contain any built heritage items. However, the Wetlands, along the Parramatta River foreshore, are listed as an item of environmental heritage on Schedule 5 of the Parramatta LEP.

7.2.1 Wetlands: Parramatta River (CPHI 1)

The Wetlands consist of remnant wetland vegetation, characterised by mangrove and saltmarsh complex and are a defining element in the natural landscape of Rangihou Reserve. They are located along the north and south banks of the Parramatta River foreshore and extend across the southern boundary of the Reserve.

The NSW SHI database contains the following statement of significance for the item:

The wetlands along Parramatta River are of significance for Parramatta area as remnant representative areas of mangroves and salt marshes which once extensively lined the foreshores and tidal water flats of the region.

There are no other statutory listed heritage items located within the subject site.

Opportunities and Constraints

Rangihou Reserve in its entirety is considered to comprise the setting of the Wetlands. Any proposed works within Rangihou Reserve would be considered within the setting of the listed wetlands and should retain and protect the wetlands and its setting to protect its heritage values. Development in the vicinity of Rangihou Reserve should ensure the significant natural values of the wetlands are not impacted upon by development.

The Reserve, as it comprises the setting of the Wetlands, should be maintained as publicly accessible open space.

The public open space at Rangihou Reserve also provides an opportunity for the heritage significance—both natural and cultural—of the wetlands to be interpreted.

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7.3 Heritage Items within the Vicinity

There are heritage items of local, state and national significance (not listed on the National Heritage Register) in the wider vicinity of the subject site, including those identified in Schedule 5 of the Parramatta LEP 2011 and on the SHR.

The following table includes heritage items that are within the vicinity of the site:

Table 7.1: Heritage Items within the wider vicinity of Rangihou Reserve

Item Heritage Item Statutory Listings Level of Distance from Visual No. Significance Rangihou Connection Reserve 1 Site of Rangihou No statutory listing Unassessed Approximately Yes Seminary cottage 20m north (approximate) 2 Gasworks Bridge: 198 Parramatta LEP 487 State Adjacent to Yes (adj) George Street RMA S170 Register 4301684 western boundary 3 Newlands Gates and Parramatta LEP 544 Local 40m North Yes Plantings: 1 Macarthur Street 4 Wavertree and Palms Parramatta LEP 534, 522 Local 50–100m north Yes 5 HMAS Parramatta State Heritage Register Local 50m south No Shipwreck and (SHR) Memorials Parramatta LEP 01676 6 Queens Wharf Reserve Parramatta LEP 489 Local 50m south No and Stone Wall 7 Broughton House: 43a State Heritage Register State 100m northeast Yes Thomas Street (SHR) Parramatta LEP 1302 8 Area of National No statutory listing National 50m south Yes Significance Parramatta DCP 9 Hambledon Cottage State Heritage Register State 450m south Yes and Trees (SHR) Parramatta LEP 504 10 Elizabeth Farm and State Heritage Register State 550m southeast Yes Public Reserve (SHR) Parramatta LEP 00001 00285 11 Elizabeth Farm Parramatta LEP State 450m southeast Yes Conservation Area 12 Experiment Farm State Heritage Register State 550m southwest Yes (SHR) Parramatta LEP 00768 13 Experiment Farm Parramatta LEP State 450m southwest Yes Conservation Area 14 Our Lady of Lebanon No statutory listing Local 550m south Yes

90 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Item Heritage Item Statutory Listings Level of Distance from Visual No. Significance Rangihou Connection Reserve Church

Figure 7.1 Map showing built heritage items within the wider vicinity of the subject site. Note: heritage items that are not visible are not considered within the vicinity of the subject site. (Source: Parramatta City Council interactive map—heritage with GML overlay)

Rangihou Reserve is within identified views to and from the Area of National Significance, which includes Elizabeth Farm, Experiment Farm, Our Lady of Lebanon Church and Hambledon Cottage, and is further discussed in Section 7.2.5.

7.3.1 Site of Rangihou Seminary

Background

As discussed in Section 3.0 and Section 6.0, Rangihou Reserve is located on part of the land formerly used by Samuel Marsden as Rangihou, the seminary for Maoris he established at Parramatta. The site of Rangihou cottage was located between the northern boundary of the Reserve and New Zealand Street. The land incorporated in the Rangihou estate is likely to have

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included Rangihou Reserve and the residential allotments south of New Zealand Street and east of Macarthur Streets.

Description

Most of the area that originally formed Rangihou is now covered by residential allotments located off Macarthur and New Zealand Streets. Part of the Parramatta River floodplain, also originally part of Rangihou, is managed by PCC as Rangihou Reserve.

Archaeologist Peter Douglas undertook archaeological survey and historical research in 1994 in an attempt to identify if any archaeological features were present in the area, and if they were associated with Marsden’s seminary.1 No evidence of the cottage was identified; however, a cistern was located that could be associated with the original Rangihou cottage (see Section 6.1.2).

Statement of Significance

No statement of significance has been prepared for the wider site of Marsden’s Rangihou estate (incorporating Rangihou Reserve, the residential allotments to the north of the reserve, and 1A Morton Street) that acknowledges the intangible heritage values of the site. Douglas prepared the following statement of significance for the area he surveyed in 1994:

The study area contains no archaeological material that can be securely associated with the Reverend Samuel Marsden's Seminary for Maoris, although the cistern recorded on Lot C DP 348107 may be related to this phase of occupation. The site of the Seminary was located entirely within Lot 2 as shown in DP 587055. This is now owned by the Housing Commission of NSW which developed pensioner housing on the allotment approximately ten years ago. This development resulted in destruction of the site.

The cistern mentioned above is of exceptional significance because of its rarity and integrity.

Lots 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 as shown in DP 27317 do not contain visible or in situ archaeological material and are assessed as being of little or no significance.2

Relationship to the Subject Site

The location of the former Rangihou seminary cottage and Rangihou Reserve share a significant historic relationship. As Rangihou Reserve was originally part of the Rangihou estate it has strong historical associations with Samuel Marsden, the Maori students and the introduction of the Christian faith to the Maori. An important visual connection exists between the location of the ceremony on the floodplain and the original location of the house on the hillslope above to the northwest.

The intangible cultural values continue to be commemorated by the contemporary Maori community every 2 years. A ceremony is held on Rangihou Reserve (and within the publicly accessible portion of the Morton Street depot site, which is adjacent to this study area). This event celebrates the history of and continuous cultural connection to this place. Rangihou Reserve is of significance to the Maori community in Australia and New Zealand.

Opportunities and Constraints

Rangihou Reserve should remain as publicly accessible open space (Figures 7.1 and 7.2).

Use of the reserve by the Maori community, including for the cultural ceremony currently held there every 2 years, should be encouraged and facilitated.

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The public space at Rangihou Reserve provides an opportunity for Council to develop (with relevant stakeholders), install and maintain heritage interpretation within the publicly accessible Council- owned land. Interpretation at Rangihou Reserve could address the significance of Rangihou seminary, in addition to other key stories and historic themes at the site. Interpretation planning should be prepared in consultation with relevant stakeholders, including the Maori community, to ensure the cultural significance associated with Rangihou Seminary is appropriately communicated.

7.3.2 Gasworks Bridge: Parramatta River (CPHI 487, RMS S170 Register 4301684)

Description

Gasworks Bridge is an iron lattice girder bridge on large tapered sandstone piers, designed by bridge engineer John A McDonald and completed in 1885. The bridge was originally named Newlands Bridge, and adopted the name 'Gasworks’ bridge due to its proximity to the Parramatta Gasworks, which opened in 1873 and occupied a block of land southeast of the bridge. The bridge is also referred to as Macarthur Bridge.

Statement of Significance

The S170 register listing identifies the bridge of State significance, and includes the following statement of significance:

The Gasworks Bridge over the Parramatta River, completed in 1885, has significance because:

 it has been an important item of infrastructure in the history of New South Wales for over 115 years,

 it was a technically sophisticated bridge structure for its time,

 it has strong aesthetic lines,

 it contributed significantly to the social and commercial development of western Sydney.

 it is an good representative example of this type of bridge.

The bridge has been assessed as being of State significance.

The LEP listing for the site contains the following statement of significance for the item:

This item is of historical significance because it provides evidence of the history of amenities and services in the local area. The barrier formed by the river was a major factor in development as late as 1880, at which time it was only bridged at Church Street, Parramatta. In the 1880's both the Newlands (Gasworks) and Gladesville Bridges were opened.

Relationship to the Subject Site

The bridge spans across Parramatta River, connecting Macarthur Street (to the north) to Harris Street immediately west of Rangihou Reserve (Figure 7.3). The bridge defines the western boundary of Rangihou Reserve and is visible from western portions within the subject site.

Opportunities and Constraints

The western portion of Rangihou Reserve comprises the setting of Gasworks Bridge. If future works are undertaken at Rangihou Reserve, the setting of the Gasworks Bridge, which includes the reserve and the wetlands, should be retained to protect the bridge’s heritage values.

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The public open space of Rangihou Reserve provides a good opportunity to interpret the heritage significance of the Gasworks Bridge within the reserve.

7.3.3 Newlands Gates and Plantings: 1 Macarthur Street (CPHI 544)

Description

Newlands was built c1835 as the residence of Henry Harvey, a prominent landowner in the Parramatta district. Macarthur Girls High School was built on the site in the early 1930s, and while the original house has been demolished, the sandstone entry gates and associated rows of cultural plantings survive along Macarthur Street (Figures 7.4 and 7.5).

Statement of Significance:

The NSW SHI database contains the following statement of significance for the item:

Newlands House site and Gates are of significance for the local area for historical and aesthetic reasons and as a representative example of a Colonial Georgian gate, a rare example of this age and quality in the local area. The remnant fabric continues to make a major contribution to the Parramatta townscape. The site possesses potential to further contribute to an understanding of early urban development in Parramatta.

Relationship to the Subject Site

The entry gates and plantings are located approximately 40m north of the western boundary of Rangihou Reserve, and are visible from elevated slope within the western portion of the reserve.

Opportunities and Constraints

The plantings and gates associated with former Newlands House are prevalent in northwest views from the elevated western portion of the Reserve, including historic marker trees that extend into the skyline. If future works are undertaken at Rangihou Reserve these views between Newlands Gates and Rangihou Reserve should not be impacted on.

7.3.4 Wavertree and Palms: 10 New Zealand Street and rear of 5, 7 & 9 Rangihou Crescent (CPHI 534, 522)

Description

Wavertree is a fine early Victorian single-storey sandstone cottage built and designed by James Houison in 1840 as a wedding present for his daughter Annie, who married Captain Fairclough (Figure 7.6). Wavertree is named after Houison’s birthplace in Scotland. The cottage is located on a rise, and would have originally enjoyed expansive views across the Parramatta River. A separate site approximately 30m south of the cottage which was originally part of the larger Wavertree estate contains five palm trees that originally lined a driveway running north–south from Parramatta River to the cottage. The trees remain, but the site has since been subdivided and developed (Figure 7.7). The palms now located within the rear yard of properties 5, 7 and 9 Rangihou Crescent. Wavertree and the five palms remain privately owned by separate owners.

Statement of Significance

The NSW SHI database contains the following statement of significance for the item:

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The house Wavertree is of significance for the local area for its historical and aesthetic values, for its association with Captain Fairclough and his father in Law James Houison (builder of this house) and as a representative and rare example of large Victorian Georgian style house in the local area.

Relationship to the Subject Site

Wavertree is located on New Zealand Ave, approximately 50m north of the central portion of the Reserve; however, the house does not share a visual connection with the site due to a steep change in topography, intermediary trees and residential buildings. The Palms are visible in views north from the eastern portion of the Reserve (Figure 7.7).

Opportunities and Constraints

Wavertree is significant for its historic connection running north–south from the northern ridgeline to Wavertree, The Palms, Parramatta River, and the Area of National Significance. This connection passes through and across Rangihou Reserve.

No improvements or development within the curtilage of Rangihou Reserve is to impact on the historic visual connection between the Area of National Significance and Wavertree.

7.3.5 Broughton House: 43a Thomas Street (SHR, CPHI 1302)

Description

Broughton House is a State heritage listed two-storey Victorian Regency style villa, designed in 1835 by John Verge for Reverend Samuel Marsden (1764-1838) (Figure 7.8). The rendered brick villa features faceted, curved bay sections, French doors opening to verandahs and a slate hipped roof. The house is set within generous grounds which have been significantly reduced by development infill and encroachment; however, some remnant plantings provide evidence of the grandeur of former Broughton House estate (Figure 7.9). Broughton House was the home of Marsden’s daughter Jane, and at one time was used as a boarding house for The King's School. It survives as part of Parramatta Nursing Home.

Statement of Significance

The NSW SHI database contains the following statement of significance for the item:

Broughton House is an item of State significance, being a notable example of a Victorian Regency style house that reflects the social and economic status of the wealthier free settler who played an essential part in the establishment of New South Wales. It has strong associations with the Marsden family and the King's School. It has association with educational, religious, scientific and literary training through William Woolls School and Kings School. It is the sole remaining home of a series of quality residences which faced south over the Parramatta River such as the Vineyard (Subiaco), Newlands (Athole) Pemberton Grange and Waddon Estate (Palmer Family) (Brown 1998).

Professional, trade and manufacturing practice - a notable example of an Victorian Regency style house. It also has a strong association with the Marsden family and Kings School (LEP, 1997).

A picturesque house which is valued for its aesthetic attributes (Criterion F.1). It is an architecturally significant example of the Victorian Regency style (Criterion F.1). One of the few surviving early houses of Parramatta (Criterion B.2). It is important for its close associations with the prominent Marsden family for whom it was built and with the King's School which used the house for boarding pupils between 1908 and 1965 (Criterion H.1).

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It is also important for its historic associations with the early development of Parramatta (Criterion A.4)(RNE, 1991).

Relationship to the Subject Site

Broughton House comprises the northern portion of the current Parramatta Aged Care Facility approximately 100m north of Rangihou Reserve. The house does not retain any visual connections with the Reserve, as later Aged Care Facility buildings south of Broughton House have intruded on the visual links between the subject site and the heritage-listed house. Notwithstanding this, the cultural landscape and marker trees associated with the house can be seen above the roof lines of the Aged Care Facility when viewed from the easternmost portion of Rangihou Reserve (Figure 7.9). The trees comprise part of Parramatta’s northern ridgeline when viewed from the south of Parramatta River.

Opportunities and Constraints

Recent development has obscured the visual connection between Broughton House and the subject site. The house’s cultural landscape is prevalent in northern views from the eastern portion of the Reserve, including historic marker trees that extend into the skyline and designate the location of Broughton House.

If future works are undertaken within Rangihou Reserve, the northern views between the reserve and the historic cultural landscape of Broughton House should be preserved. Views across Rangihou Reserve between marker trees and northern ridgeline and the Area of National Significance should also not be impacted by any future works within the reserve, if undertaken.

As Broughton House is listed on the SHR, any proposed development that impacts on the setting of the listed curtilage or views to and from the house would require approval by the NSW Heritage Council.

7.3.6 Area of National Significance Special Area, Harris Park Precinct

Background

As discussed in Section 2.0, under the LEP 2011 there are no provisions for Special Areas. The provisions and controls for development and conservation within the Area of National Significance reside in the DCP.

GML was engaged by PCC in 2011 to undertake a planning study of the heritage context and historic views and vistas associated within areas known as Harris Park, Rosehill and Camellia within the Parramatta LGA. This study identified inconsistencies arising from the specific point–to– point view corridors identified in Appendix 2 of the DCP (refer to Figure 7.16), and proposed a revised views map that updated the historic view corridors and included wider panoramic views and visual connections. The revised views map was proposed to replace the existing map in the DCP, but has not yet been adopted.

This assessment takes into account both the views currently identified in Appendix 2 of the DCP and the revised map prepared by GML in 2011.

The Area of National Significance is located within the wider Harris Park Precinct Special Area and contains a number of heritage items, including:

 Hambledon Cottage;

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 Elizabeth Farm;

 Elizabeth Farm Conservation Area;

 Experiment Farm;

 Experiment Farm Conservation Area; and

 Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Church.

Description

The Area of National Significance is located within the Harris Park Precinct Special Area and is bounded to the north by the Parramatta River, by James Ruse Drive to the west and by Harris Street to the east. The southern boundary of the Area is defined by Weston and Prospect streets. Between Good and Harris streets the boundary is located along the rear boundaries of the houses fronting Crown and Brisbane Streets.

Elizabeth Farm, Hambledon Cottage and Experiment Farm are contained within it, as is the Harris Park River Special Area. Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm are also designated as Conservation Areas and shown on the Heritage Map in the LEP (Refer to appendix). A Maronite church, Our Lady of Lebanon, is also contained within the site. It is a contrasting twentieth-century landmark that—while not a heritage listed item in itself—provides evidence of Australia’s postwar migration, and contributes to the later pattern of subdivision and development of the Harris Park area.

The location of Elizabeth Farm house (1793) demonstrates particular physical and visual considerations and characteristics. Indicating picturesque principles of estate design and conforming to the Loudon model3, the siting of Elizabeth Farm house on the first area of level ground above the Parramatta River floodplain provided a pleasing elevated prospect and views to and along the river and across to the northern banks. The Estate’s connection to the river was also significant. As with many land grants, natural landforms and features such as rivers were used to physically delineate property boundaries. Elizabeth Farm’s northern boundary is defined by the river, which prior to the advent of rail in the 1850s was a vital transportation route between Sydney and Rosehill.

Given its vantage point, the house was visible from the river and from the properties on the northern river slopes. While Elizabeth Farm was not the first land grant in the area, historic evidence suggests that development at Elizabeth Farm preceded that of surrounding properties. As such, it may be assumed that Elizabeth Farm house was sited and orientated in response to the natural landforms and topography, and development on other lands grants responded and related to Elizabeth Farm House.

James Ruse’s Experiment Farm (1792) was the first formal land grant in the colony. On the northern side of the river were the second, third and fourth land grants. While many of the colonial properties do not survive, the alignments of early land grants are still discernible and reflected in the street patterns, and views south toward Elizabeth Farm, Hambledon Cottage and Experiment Farm are still apparent. Other historic and visual connections between colonial properties were afforded by the natural topography combined with siting and orientation.

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Of State significance in its own right, Experiment Farm (1798) demonstrates similar qualities to that of Elizabeth Farm in response to the physical landscape, combined with aspect, orientation and siting.

Originally part of Elizabeth Farm Estate, Hambledon Cottage (1824) has a strong historical association with the Macarthur family, having been built as a second cottage by John Macarthur. It was occupied by Penelope Lucas, the Macarthur’s governess, for several years.

Reciprocal views between Elizabeth Farm and other colonial properties on the northern banks of the river are a distinguishing characteristic of the Area of National Significance and surrounding land to the north. For example, on the northern banks of the river, Macarthur House (former Moreton House) built in 18574 was orientated towards Elizabeth Farm. Other views and panoramas connect Elizabeth Farm and Harris Park colonial precinct to the trees along the river, Broughton House, Wavertree, and Macarthur Girls High School.

Statement of Significance

There is currently no statement of significance in the DCP for the Area of National Significance. This statement of significance was prepared as part of the planning study, River Road West Planning Study, by GML November 2011, and quotes from the statement of significance included for the area in the (now repealed) SREP 28:

The significance of the Area of the National Significance is related to the Area’s complex multi-layered history and the pattern of change and development through time. The physical, historical and visual setting of the Area is of heritage significance.

The heritage significance of Elizabeth Farm, Experiment Farm and Hambledon Cottage within the Area of National Significance is well documented and established. Both Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm are listed on the State Heritage Register. The properties are also listed on the Register of the National Estate and by the National Trust (NSW). Hambledon Cottage, Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm are all heritage listed in the LEP 2011, as are the Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm Conservation Areas.

The Area comprises a number of heritage items and features and is important for the following reasons:

 The traditional country of the Barramattagal people.

 Early contact and exchange between Aboriginal and early European settlers occurred here.

 The first land grant was made here.

 The first successful farm and experiments in agriculture were conducted on the land.

 Elizabeth Farm house (c1793) is Australia’s oldest surviving building.

 Experiment Farm and Hambledon Cottage, both pre-1850 remain.

 There is early archaeological evidence of early wharves, stores, a military barracks, stables and barns.

 Remnant colonial plantings survive.

 Evolving pattern of subdivision and urban development.

 Our Lady of Lebanon, Maronite Church, a contrasting 20th century landmark and evidence of Australia’s post-war migration.

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The statement of significance for the Area of National Significance is not included in the DCP. The following excerpts are therefore taken from Appendix 4 of the SREP, however it should be noted that it has since been replaced by the LEP 2011 and is no longer a statutory instrument.

The documentary and physical evidence, combined with the later pattern of subdivision and development, has the ability to demonstrate important aspects of the course and pattern of Australian history at local, State and National levels. As outlined in the statement:

The pattern of subdivision and the pattern of development within that subdivision which provide evidence of the subsequent evolution of the early Colonial grants on the Cumberland Plain, from broad acre pastures to present day suburbia. The gradual growth of that suburbia, a response to fluctuations in the economy and the demand for housing, is clearly illustrated in the great range of house sites from the 1890s until the 1960s when all the allotments were finally taken up and built upon5.

Another key aspect of the significance of the Area included in the Parramatta Regional Planning Strategy Statement of Significance relates to the three historic properties and the historic and visual interrelationships between them within the broader landscape setting (comprising the river and valley). As the statement explains:

These early buildings, by their siting on gentle or steep rises above the river valley, and by their visual relationship with each other and with other buildings outside the precinct, with the river and its wharves and warehouses, and with the town’s activities, demonstrate the conscious way in which the early development of Parramatta responded to the landscape, used it to highlight important places, and in reverse, attempted to mould it to 18th century ideals of a cultivated (civilised) landscape. These principles governed the early layout of Sydney, and the layout of Parramatta, where it is still evident.6

The significance of the historic relationships and visual connections between the three historic properties and the broader cultural landscape setting, including the Parramatta River, Clay Cliff Creek and the surrounding valley, and the expansive panorama to the north, are particularly important to note.

Significant Historic Views

A number of identified historic views include Rangihou Reserve within their visual catchment. These historic views are a key element of the Area of National Significance.

The DCP identifies four distinct view corridors that affect Rangihou Reserve (1, 2, 3 and 15—refer to Figure 7.16). These views were reviewed and revised as part of GML’s planning study for River Road West.7 GML revised the previously identified views and identified an additional two panoramic views.

Historic views to and from the Area of National Significance that include Rangihou Reserve within their visual catchment (as identified by the DCP and GML’s planning study) are as follows.

 Panoramic views from the northern side of river.

 Corridor views along north-south streets (Morton Street in particular).

 The trees of Hambledon Cottage are prominent in views from the north (the tall hoop pine ‘marker’ tree is particularly visible from Rangihou Reserve).

 Our Lady of Lebanon Church is prominent in views from the north (visible from the elevated western portion of Rangihou Reserve).

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 Panoramic views of the northern ridgeline are available from various points in Elizabeth Farm Reserve and Experiment Farm (these are generally filtered views through vegetation).

The vegetation at Rangihou Reserve actively contributes to the identified historic views. Mature vegetation provides a canopy and screens much of the modern development directly north of Rangihou Reserve when viewed from the Area of National Significance. The vegetation canopy also follows the contours of the natural topography and enables the riparian corridor, the floodplain and hills with ridgeline beyond, to be appreciated.

Relationship to the Subject Site

The Area of National Significance begins immediately south of the subject site, on the southern foreshore of Parramatta River. It extends a further 600m south from the river foreshore. The Area of National Significance comprises the predominant view to the site from all points of the Reserve.

These views are presented as a vegetation canopy with prominent marker trees and heritage items protruding above the skyline, specifically the marker trees of Hambledon Cottage, and our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Church, visible primarily from the elevated area in the northwest corner of Rangihou Reserve, adjacent to the Gasworks Bridge (Figures 7.10 and 7.11).

Historically significant panoramic views towards the northern ridgeline are available from various points within the Area of National Significance, and include those identified in Figures 7.12 and 7.13. A number of these include Rangihou Reserve within their view catchment.

Opportunities and Constraints

The historic views identified above, which incorporate Rangihou Reserve within their view catchment, contribute significantly to the setting of the properties within the Area of National Significance and the sense of place for the Harris Park Precinct and for Parramatta in general.

Proposed works within Rangihou Reserve should not impact on the existing historic views as identified in this report.

Vegetation within Rangihou Reserve—particularly mature vegetation—should be retained in order to maintain the visual screen it creates for the modern development directly north of the reserve. This vegetation plays an important role in mitigating the impact of modern development on the historic views identified between the Area of National Significance and the northern ridgeline that include Rangihou Reserve within their visual catchment.

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Figure 7.1 Eastern portion of Rangihou Reserve, facing east, Figure 7.2 Central portion of the Reserve facing south. Note showing the Wetlands to the right. (Source: GML 2012) Parramatta River beyond. (Source: GML 2012)

Figure 7.3 Gasworks Bridge. Viewed from the western portion of Figure 7.4 View towards Newlands gates and plantings (shown the Reserve, facing south. (Source: GML 2012) circled) from the elevated western portion of the Reserve, facing north. (Source: GML 2012)

Figure 7.5 Newlands gates and plantings from Macarthur Street, Figure 7.6 Wavertree south elevation, viewed from New facing north. (Source: GML 2012) Zealand Avenue. (Source: GML 2012)

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Figure 7.7 View of palms in the distance along Rangihou Figure 7.8 Broughton House north elevation, viewed from Crescent to the south of Wavertree. (Source: GML 2012) Thomas Street. (Source: GML 2012)

Figure 7.9 View facing north from the eastern portion of the Reserve. Note the marker trees from Broughton House (to the right) and Wavertree’s Palms (to the left) are both visible. (Source: GML 2012)

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Figure 7.10 Hambeldon Cottage north elevation, viewed from Figure 7.10 Area of National Significance marker trees and Our Hassall Street, approximately 300m south of the subject site. Note Lady of Lebanon Church, viewed from the elevated western the tall hoop pine marker tree to the left. (Source: GML 2012) portion of the Reserve. (Source: GML 2012)

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Figure 7.12 Views as shown in Appendix 2 of the DCP 2011. (Source: Parramatta City Council)

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Figure 7.13 Historic views map. (Source: Parramatta City Council with GML overlay)

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7.4 Endnotes

1 Douglas, P, September 1994, Historical Archaeological Assessment of the site of Reverend Samuel Marsden’s Seminary For Maoris at Parramatta, prepared for Te Iwi Maori Inc (Australia). 2 Douglas, P, September 1994, Historical Archaeological Assessment of the site of Reverend Samuel Marsden’s Seminary For Maoris at Parramatta, prepared for Te Iwi Maori Inc (Australia), p 27. 3 Colleen Morris and Geoffrey Britton, Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden, NSW: A Survey of selected pre- 1860 Cultural Landscapes, Vol 2, Final Report August 2000, p 128 4 Macarthur House (former Morton House) Heritage Branch Inventory Form. 5 Parramatta Regional Planning Strategy 1999, Appendix 4, Statement of Significance—Harris Park Area of National Significance. 70. 6 Parramatta Regional Planning Strategy 1999, Appendix 4, Statement of Significance—Harris Park Area of National Significance. 70. 6 GML 2011, River Road West Planning Study, prepared for Parramatta City Council.

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8.0 Significance Assessment

8.1 Preface

A review of the NSW SHI database and the Schedule 5—Environmental Heritage of the Parramatta LEP 2011 confirms that the ‘Wetlands’ (Item 1, Parramatta LEP 2011) is the only registered heritage item within Rangihou Reserve.

The subject site is also located in the vicinity of several Local, State and Nationally significant heritage and archaeological items. Broughton House, to the north of Rangihou Reserve, is listed on the SHR, and locally listed items Wavertree, the palms associated with Wavertree, and the Gasworks Bridge are all located within the vicinity of Rangihou Reserve. The site also shares a visual connection with the Area of National Significance in Harris Park Precinct, located on the opposite side of Parramatta River. While this area is considered of national significance, it is not protected by statutory heritage listing (though the items within it are).

As the Aboriginal archaeological component of this report has been prepared in accordance with OEH’s Due Diligence Code of Practice for the Protection of Aboriginal Objects in New South Wales an assessment of the significance of Aboriginal cultural heritage values has not been undertaken. It does not form a part of the significance assessment in this section. 8.2 Significance Assessment of the Subject Site

8.2.1 Guidelines

The NSW Heritage Manual guidelines, prepared by the NSW Heritage Office and Department of Urban Affairs and Planning (as amended July 2002), provide the framework for the following heritage assessment of the subject site. These guidelines incorporate the aspects of cultural heritage value identified in the Burra Charter which are accepted as the required format by heritage authorities in New South Wales.

The following is an assessment of the heritage and archaeological values of the subject site against the assessment framework and criteria.

8.2.2 Assessing Archaeological Significance

Archaeological significance refers to the heritage significance of known or potential archaeological remains. As with other types of heritage items, archaeological remains should be managed in accordance with their known and potential significance. In situations where development is proposed this can influence the degree of impact that may be acceptable or the level of investigation and recording that may be required. This section assesses the significance of the potential archaeological resource at the study area, in conjunction with its built heritage values, against the NSW Heritage Branch criteria.

While sub-surface archaeological remains often form an integral component of the overall significance of a heritage place, it is necessary to assess them independently from above-ground and other historic elements. Assessing the heritage value of these sub-surface archaeological remains is made more difficult by the fact that their extent and nature is often unknown. It becomes necessary for judgements to be made on the basis of expected or potential attributes.

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The assessment of significance of historical archaeological sites requires a specialised framework for consideration of their research potential. The most widely used framework for assessing research potential is three key questions developed by Bickford and Sullivan in 19841:

1. Can the site contribute knowledge that no other resource can?

2. Can the site contribute knowledge that no other site can?

3. Is this knowledge relevant to general questions about human history or other substantive questions relating to Australian history, or does it contribute to other major research questions?

Assessing the research potential of potential archaeological remains is one component of assessing the significance of a site. The broader heritage significance of Rangihou Reserve, including the research potential of the archaeological resource, is discussed against the NSW Heritage Criteria in Section 8.3.

8.2.3 Bickford and Sullivan’s Questions

Can the Site Contribute Knowledge that no Other Site Can?

The potential for the Rangihou Reserve to contribute knowledge about the main phases of historical development of the study area is low overall, due to the majority of the site having low–nil archaeological potential. Archaeological evidence of the nineteenth-century use of the river foreshore may have moderate research potential.

Rangihou Reserve has low–nil potential to contain evidence associated with the Phase 1 (1788– 1819) occupation and it is unlikely that any major archaeological features from this period are present. If any physical remains survive, they would be primarily incidental and ephemeral evidence of unrecorded activities with low potential to contribute knowledge that no other site can. If, however, unexpected remains of a substantial nature and extent—such as structural remains or an artefact bearing deposit—were to be discovered then their research potential may be high. Parramatta has a reasonably high number of historical archaeological sites from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; however it is unsure how many of these sites relate directly to known free settlers from the First Fleet as the Town Boundary Farms in the vicinity of Rangihou Reserve were. Further, these properties are described by Watkin Tench in his 1791 account of the NSW colony2, and any substantial archaeological evidence from this period would provide an important opportunity to compare historical information and the archaeological record to contribute to a more complete picture of this area’s early history.

The nature of the elements that may have been located on Rangihou Reserve associated with Phase 2 (1819–1827), including Marsden’s Rangihou Seminary, and the degree of disturbance experienced in these areas of the site means it has limited potential to contribute information about this phase of occupation. However, the Rangihou Seminary is a unique site in Parramatta, and probably within New South Wales, and if any substantial archaeological remains were to be identified then their research potential would be high. Importantly, and substantial archaeological evidence associated with this period would provide a very significant opportunity to connect and compare the Anglican missions/seminaries in New Zealand with Marsden’s Rangihou Seminary. These sites are very strongly historically linked, and archaeological evidence from Rangihou Seminary at Parramatta would provide the opportunity to investigate this important story in Australia.3 No other known site in Australia would have the potential to contribute information

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understanding the history of missionisation and Christianisation of Maori in Australia during the early nineteenth century.

The primary archaeological evidence associated with the Phase 3 (1827–1950s) is expected to be limited to the nineteenth-century wharves, docks, seawalls and land reclamation along part of the Parramatta River foreshore, and the remains of the two twentieth-century weatherboard cottages in the northwestern corner of the site. Archaeological evidence of the use of the foreshore, if present, may be able to contribute some information about private enterprise and individual use of the river, rather than large-scale commercial docks and jetties known elsewhere in Parramatta. Archaeological remains of the two weatherboard cottages are unlikely to be able to reveal information not obtainable from other sites, as other examples of this type of occupation are well known in the local area, and in other parts of Sydney. These houses are shown on the Sydney Water Plans from the 1920s as connected to central water systems, thus deeper subsurface features such as wells/privies that could yield artefact bearing deposits, and thus have some research potential, are unlikely to be present. Other archaeological evidence from Phase 3 (1827– 1950s) is likely to be ephemeral and incidental evidence of unrecorded activities that would have limited research potential.

Archaeological evidence of activities from Phase 4 (1950s–present) are unlikely to have research potential.

Can the Site Contribute Knowledge that no Other Resource Can?

Generally, the potential for the site to contribute knowledge that is not available from other sources is low due to the limited archaeological potential of the site.

The likely ephemeral nature of any possible archaeological remains dating to Phase 1 (1788–1819) means that the site’s anticipated ability to contribute knowledge about this period is low. The unexpected discovery of an intact archaeological resource—such as structural remains or an artefact bearing deposit—would, however, significantly contribute to our understanding of the way the floodplain was used during this period. We have limited historical documentation of the site’s use during this period, such as the c1790 plan (Figure 3.1) and Tench’s description; however, neither of these sources provide detail about how the floodplain was used—if it was used at all—at this time.

While there is some historical documentation available for the Phase 2 (1819–1827) occupation of the site, including Marsden’s Rangihou Seminary, there is little available information for how the floodplain area was used at this time. It is, however, unlikely that substantial archaeological remains associated with this phase—such as structural remains or artefact bearing deposits—that would provide further information about the use of Rangihou Reserve during this phase would be present at the site. If such archaeological remains were identified, they may have high research potential for their ability to fill in some gaps in our understanding of the use of Rangihou Reserve during Phase 2.

The Phase 3 (1827–1950s) use of Rangihou Reserve is better documented than the preceding two phases. The existing historical evidence indicates more how this floodplain and foreshore zone was used at this time. It is clear that the river foreshore was used during this period, with wharves, docks constructed and land reclamation occurring; however, if archaeological evidence of these elements survives then it may be able to elucidate the specific ways in which they were used. For example, artefact bearing deposits may indicate whether this infrastructure was used for private

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enterprise or commercial purposes. These remains have the ability to complement and enhance the information obtained from the historical record, and thus have moderate research potential.

The two twentieth-century weatherboard cottages that were located in the northwestern corner of the site are well documented in the available historical record, as details of their physical nature, use and layout are available. The archaeological remains of these structures and their associated landholdings would have limited research potential.

Incidental and ephemeral evidence of all phases of activity may provide general information about the site not available from other resources; however, the ability of this data to improve our understanding of the site is generally low.

Is this Knowledge Relevant to General Questions about Human History or Other Substantive Questions Relating to Australian History, or Does it Contribute to Other Major Research Questions?

The expected historical archaeological resource at Rangihou Reserve, as assessed in Section 6.0, is unlikely to contribute substantial evidence that would help answer major questions relating to Australia’s history.

There is moderate potential for archaeological remains of the nineteenth-century wharves, docks and land reclamation on the foreshore of the river to survive. This archaeological evidence may be able to provide further details regarding how the Parramatta River was used by individuals during the nineteenth century; however, some of this information may be extrapolated from accessible historical resources.

While there is high potential for archaeological remains of the two twentieth-century weatherboard cottages to survive, this evidence is unlikely to contribute to important Australian research questions.

There is low potential for historical archaeological evidence associated with the Phase 1 (1788– 1819) and Phase 2 (1819–1827) occupation of the site to be present. The ability of this anticipated archaeological resource to contribute to major research questions relating to these historical periods is thus limited. If, however, substantial archaeological remains—such as structural remains or artefact bearing deposits—dating to either of these periods were to be identified they would be highly significant as they would have high potential to contribute to major research questions in Australian history.

Significant archaeological remains from Phase 1 (1788-1819) may inform major questions regarding the early convict development of Parramatta, the role and lives of free settlers in this community, and the relationship of the archaeological record to the well-known canon of historical records.

Substantial archaeological remains from Phase 2 (1819–1827)—particularly of Marsden’s Rangihou Seminary—would have the ability to contribute to major research questions about Marsden, the operation of Rangihou seminary and the life of Maori children in Parramatta. These archaeological remains may even be able to contribute to internationally significant research questions regarding missionisation of Maori communities and the operation of the complex early colonial relationship between European colonists/missionaries and Maori in New Zealand, among others. The site’s ability to contribute to these questions would be dependent on the nature and extent of any archaeological remains identified.

110 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

8.3 NSW Heritage Criteria for Assessing Significance

8.3.1 Criterion A: Historical Significance

An item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)

Rangihou Reserve is linked to a number of events and activities of historical significance to the State.

The Wetlands, which line the foreshore of the Parramatta River along the Reserve’s southern boundary, demonstrate the character and form of the Parramatta River. They are an important remnant of the natural ecosystem that has been much changed by modern development, but still provides habitat for significant plants and animals in the local area.

The site was initially part of a Town Boundary Farm No. 7, a 60 acre grant made to a settler that arrived aboard the Sirius during Phase 1 (1788–1819). This is significant in the early establishment and development of the colony at Parramatta, and is one of few known allotments granted to identified free settlers that arrived on the First Fleet.

The subject site was also occupied by Samuel Marsden between 1819 and 1827, and formed part of the grounds of Rangihou Seminary (1819–1822). Though inconclusive, Rangihou Reserve may have been used to instruct Maori in agricultural practices.

Rangihou Reserve’s direct connection to the initial establishment of Parramatta by members of the First Fleet and the activities of Samuel Marsden and Rangihou Seminary would meet the threshold for State significance.

8.3.2 Criterion B: Historical Associations

An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the cultural or natural history of NSW (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)

Rangihou Reserve has a strong association with Reverend Samuel Marsden, who established Rangihou, a seminary for Maori, immediately north of the site in 1819. Well known in colonial Sydney, Marsden, in addition to being the principal Anglican clergyman in New South Wales between the 1790s and 1820s, was a substantial landowner, acted as a magistrate and served on a number of local committees promoting a sober and industrious lifestyle. He is a prominent figure in the early European history of Parramatta and New South Wales. Rangihou Reserve may have formed part of the lands utilised by the seminary for the agricultural education of its Maori students. Rangihou closed in 1822, although the building house and facilities continued to be owned by Marsden until his death in 1839. One of the outbuildings associated with Rangihou cottage may have been located within the current bounds of the reserve.

The site also has strong historical associations with the Maori community, particularly those affiliated with the Nga Puhi tribal line, in both Australia and New Zealand. For the Maori community the land that originally comprised the Rangihou seminary, including Rangihou Reserve, has strong historical associations with the children who were educated by Marsden (including some who died while away from New Zealand), especially the high born children.

The Maori community value the location of the Rangihou seminary for its association with Reverend Samuel Marsden, who is a particularly important historical figure in Maori history. He is significant

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as the person who introduced the Christian faith to the Maori in New Zealand. The site has strong connections with Rangihou in New Zealand, where Marsden delivered the first Anglican sermon in New Zealand. The site of the Rangihou seminary is strongly associated with the Christianisation of the Maori.

The site’s historical association with the Maori community has significance at a State level.

The site is also associated with Robert Webb and William Reid, who arrived as free settlers on the Sirius in the First Fleet. This historical association with colonists arriving on the First Fleet has significance at a State level.

8.3.3 Criterion C: Aesthetic Significance

An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area)

The wetlands (currently listed on Schedule 5 of the Parramatta Local Environment Plan 2011), which is a remnant example of the natural mangrove–saltmarsh vegetation complex that was originally present along much of the shores of the Parramatta River, has aesthetic significance.

There is moderate potential for relics associated with nineteenth-century private wharves and land reclamation on this part of the river foreshore to be present at the site. If present, such relics may have some aesthetic significance, and an ability to be interpreted within the public domain.

8.3.4 Criterion D: Social Significance

An item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural or spiritual reasons

A full assessment of the site’s social significance to the Maori community, or other communities, has not been undertaken as part of this assessment. Notwithstanding this, research and assessment carried out during the course of this study has indicated that it is significant to the Maori community both in Australia and New Zealand, particularly those affiliated with the Nga Puhi tribal line.

The social significance of the site to the Maori community stems from its use as Rangihou—the seminary for Maori children run by Reverend Samuel Marsden between 1819 and 1822. Although it only operated for 3 years, the site’s association with Samuel Marsden—who is an important figure in the history of the Maori in New Zealand—and the education of a number of high-ranking Maori children, makes the area of special significance to the Maori community. It is understood that the site also features prominently in Maori oral traditions regarding Samuel Marsden and the Maori children sent to Parramatta.

The cultural and spiritual attachments to the site are demonstrated by the continual visitation by members of the Maori community who wish to commemorate Marsden, Rangihou and the Maori children who were educated there (some of whom passed away). A ceremony—the Ngapuhi Day Festival—is held at Rangihou Reserve, and on the publicly accessible portion of the 1A Morton Street site, every 2 years to commemorate the site’s history and significance to the Maori community. This location also has a visual relationship and connection to the original location of Rangihou cottage on the slope to the northwest that is valued by the Maori community.

This significance is recognised through PCC’s support for the Ngaphui Day Festival and is identified in the naming of the reserve ‘Rangihou Reserve’.

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8.3.5 Criterion E: Technical/Research Potential

An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)

Archaeological evidence associated with the nineteenth-century use of the river front, such as the wharves and land reclamation, may have some research potential and significance, dependent on the nature and integrity of the remains. These remains may be of Local significance.

Remains of the twentieth-century cottages, their sheds or other associated archaeological evidence would have limited research potential, and would not be of Local or State significance.

There is low–nil potential for relics associated with other phases of historical occupation of Rangihou Reserve, such as the Phase 1 (1788–1819) early settlement or Marsden’s occupation during Phase 2 (1819–1827) (including Rangihou Seminary) to be present. The anticipated archaeological resource associated with these phases would likely be ephemeral or incidental, connected to unrecorded activities, and may have limited research potential.

If unexpected substantial archaeological evidence associated with either Phase 1 (1788–1819) or Phase 2 (1819–1827) were to be identified at Rangihou Reserve, this evidence may have high research potential. This archaeological resource may have the ability to contribute information to major research questions in Australian history, regarding the establishment and operation of the early colony. If evidence of Rangihou Seminary was identified, this archaeology may contribute to internationally significant research questions regarding missionisation and the relationship between Maori and European colonists/missionaries.

8.3.6 Criterion F: Rarity

An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)

The historical associations and social significance of Rangihou Reserve demonstrate rare aspects of New South Wales’ history. The site is particularly valued by the Maori community as it formed part of the land formally used by Samuel Marsden for Rangihou seminary. Rangihou Reserve is rare as a continuing focus of cultural commemorations by Maori people which is demonstrated through the oral traditions associated with the site, and the festival held there every 2 years.

The site’s historical associations with free settlers who arrived on the Sirius as part of the First Fleet are also rare.

If present, archaeological evidence of the site’s use Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the site’s history (1788–1827) is likely to be rare in NSW, and may be of State significance (depending on the nature and integrity of the evidence).

8.3.7 Criterion G: Representativeness

An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s (or the local area’s) cultural or natural places or cultural or natural environments

The wetlands, which are currently listed on Schedule 5 of the Parramatta LEP 2011, are representative of the natural mangrove–saltmarsh vegetation complex that was originally present along much of the shores of the Parramatta River.

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If present, archaeological features associated with the private use of the Parramatta River foreshore, such as evidence of land reclamation, seawalls, wharves and docks in the nineteenth century, may be locally significant for their representative values.

Archaeological remains of the twentieth-century weatherboard cottages would be representative of this kind of development in Parramatta, but would not be considered Locally significant for this reason as there are many standing examples present in the local area. 8.4 Statement of Significance

Rangihou Reserve has strong historical associations with Reverend Samuel Marsden and the Rangihou seminary he established across the site (and allotments to the south and west). The site is of special and continuing significance to the Maori community, both in Australia and New Zealand. Rangihou Reserve is a focus of ongoing cultural commemorations attended by members of the Maori community. The reserve has strong and rare associations with Marsden, the high- ranking Maori children that were brought here and the introduction of Christianity to the Maori. Further research into the social values of the site, including consultation, and its association with Maori people is likely to indicate that the site would meet the threshold for State significance.

While the site is historically associated with the important historical phases of occupation, such as Marsden and Rangihou Seminary (1819–1827) and the farms of settlers from the Sirius (1790s– 1810), it is unlikely that any physical evidence of these associations survives at the site. If substantial archaeological evidence of these historically significant uses was identified they would have high research potential, and the ability to contribute to major Australian and/or international research questions.

There is some potential for archaeological evidence of nineteenth-century wharves and land reclamation on the banks of Parramatta River to survive, but this may depend on the nature, extent and physical condition of any features identified. If present, this archaeological evidence may be of Local significance.

The wetlands located on the foreshore of Rangihou Reserve are significant as they demonstrate the key characteristic of a significant ecosystem in the Parramatta area. Although much altered from their natural state, they continue to provide an important habitat to significant plant and animal species and are of Local significance. 8.5 Endnotes

1 Bickford, A and S Sullivan 1984, ‘Assessing the Research Significance of Historic Sites’, in Sullivan S and S Bowdler (eds), Site Surveys and Significance Assessment in Australian Archaeology (proceedings of the 1981 Springwood Conference on Australian Prehistory), Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University, Canberra. 2 Tench, W 1793 (ed Flannery, T 2009), A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson, The Text Publishing Company, Victoria, pp 223–224. 3 Smith, I and A Middleton 2012, ‘Abandonment, Continuity and Memory: The Hohi Mission Station, New Zealand’, unpublished conference paper at the 2012 Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology/Australian Institute of Maritime Archaeology Conference, 30 September–3 October 2012, Fremantle, Australia. Middleton, A 2010, ‘Missionization in New Zealand and Australia: A Comparison’, International Journal of Historical Archaeology, published online 14 January 2010. Middleton, A 2003, ‘Maori and European Landscapes at Te Puna, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 1805–1845, Archaeology of Oceania, 38 (2003), pp 110–124.

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9.0 Conclusions and Management Recommendations

9.1 Introduction

This section outlines the conclusions of this report regarding the heritage and archaeological values associated with Rangihou Reserve.

Policies and recommendations for the management of the reserve’s archaeological and heritage values are outlined in Section 9.3. The recommendations respond to statutory requirements for the management of heritage items and potential archaeological sites. Other recommendations are proposed as appropriate ways to manage the heritage significance of Rangihou Reserve, particularly in the context of future redevelopment of nearby sites such as 1A Morton Street. 9.2 Conclusions

 Rangihou Reserve has been subject to varying levels of disturbance across the majority of the site. Most of the site has experienced minor or medium disturbance that would have affected the survival of Aboriginal and historical archaeological remains. A small part of the site has experienced major disturbance.

 Due to the way Rangihou Reserve was likely used by Aboriginal, and the site’s modern disturbance history, there is low–nil potential for Aboriginal archaeological potential for historical archaeological remains to be present.

 Due to the physical development of Rangihou Reserve during the historical period, and the subsequent levels of disturbance at the site, most of Rangihou Reserve has low–nil potential for historical archaeological remains to be present.

 A section of the river foreshore at Rangihou Reserve has moderate potential for archaeological evidence associated with the nineteenth-century wharves and land reclamation in this part of the site. If present, this evidence may have some research potential and may be of Local significance.

 Archaeological remains of the two twentieth-century cottages and their associated sheds and backyards are likely to be present in the northwestern corner of the site. This evidence is unlikely to have archaeological research potential or significance.

 ‘Wetlands’ is a heritage item located on Rangihou Reserve. It is listed as Item 1 on Schedule 5—Environmental Heritage of the Parramatta LEP 2011. The open space of the reserve comprises, and protects, the setting of the wetlands.

 No other items of heritage significance are listed at Rangihou Reserve; however, there are several listed heritage items of Local, State and National significance in the vicinity.

 Rangihou Reserve is within the visual setting of several of these nearby heritage items. It is located within a number of identified historic view corridors, including between the Area of National Significance identified at Harris Park and the ridgeline on the northern site of the Parramatta River.

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 The historic visual connection between Rangihou Reserve, the publicly accessible portion of 1A Morton Street and the former location of Marsden’s cottage at Rangihou is of heritage significance.

 Rangihou Reserve is of significance at a State level for its strong historical associations with Reverend Samuel Marsden and his relationship with Maori people, and his role in instructing them in the Christian faith and agricultural practices.

 The site has special associations with the Maori community in Australia and New Zealand for cultural and spiritual reasons. Further assessment of these values, including consultation, may reveal the intangible cultural heritage values to meet the threshold of State significance.

9.3 Policies and Recommendations

The policies and recommendations made below are designed to ensure that the heritage values, including the potential archaeological resource at the site, are managed and protected appropriately. They do not respond to any development proposal or planned works.

9.3.1 Statutory Requirements for Archaeological Management

This section sets out the recommended management of Aboriginal and historical archaeological resources at Rangihou Reserve, based on the archaeological potential of the site as assessed in Sections 5.0 and 6.0. Provisions for the management of unexpected archaeological evidence, including human remains, are also outlined.

Aboriginal Archaeology

 Further assessment of Aboriginal archaeological issues would not be required prior to undertaking any ground works at the Reserve. Aboriginal archaeological investigation of the site, either prior to or in conjunction with site works, would not be required based on the findings of the current research and assessment.

 Works at Rangihou Reserve could proceed without need for specific approvals under the NPW Act.

 If, during the course of any ground disturbance works at Rangihou Reserve, archaeological evidence relating to the Aboriginal occupation of the site was unexpectedly identified all works in the affected area/s should cease and the OEH should be notified immediately, in accordance with Section 91 of the NPW Act. Deerubbin Local Aboriginal Land Council and other Aboriginal groups who registered an interest in the project (Appendix B) should also be notified at that time. Further assessment or approval may be required before works could recommence in the affected area/s.

Historical Archaeology

 Future ground disturbance works should avoid impacting on the area on the river foreshore identified as having moderate archaeological research potential. If archaeological remains are present here they may have research potential and may be of Local significance, depending on the nature and extent of the resource.

 If ground disturbance works are necessary in this area, they would need to be undertaken in accordance with an endorsed Section 139 exception or approved

116 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Section 140 excavation permit under the Heritage Act. The type of approval necessary would depend on the nature and extent of the proposed works.

 Given that most of Rangihou Reserve, except for the area of moderate potential on the river foreshore, has been assessed as having low archaeological potential and/or the resource is unlikely to meet the threshold for Local or State significance, ground disturbance works could be carried out in these areas without the need for approvals under the Heritage Act.

 Further assessment of historical archaeological issues would not be required prior to undertaking any ground works at the Reserve. Historical archaeological investigation of the site, either prior to or in conjunction with site works in areas of low potential and/or significance, would not be required based on the findings of the current research and assessment.

 In the event that unexpected historical archaeological remains are discovered at the site, all works in the affected area/s should cease and the Heritage Branch should be notified immediately, in accordance with Section 146 of the Heritage Act. Further assessment or approval may be required before works could recommence in the affected area/s.

General Requirements

 If unexpected human remains are discovered during any ground works at Rangihou Reserve, the find would need to be reported immediately to the New South Wales Coroner’s Office and/or the New South Wales Police. The OEH should also be contacted, and a qualified archaeologist with experience in identifying human remains should be consulted to determine the nature of the remains.

9.3.2 Management of Intangible Heritage Values

 A social significance study, including consultation with key Maori stakeholders with attachments to Rangihou Reserve, 1A Morton Street and surrounding areas, should be undertaken to accurately assess and determine the intangible values associated with the Maori connection to the site.

 Rangihou Reserve, and a small publicly accessible area of 1A Morton Street, is actively used by the Maori community. Both of these areas are currently zoned for ‘public recreation’. It is of significance for its association with Marsden’s seminary for Maoris. The zoning of Rangihou Reserve and the publicly accessible portion of 1A Morton Street should not change, and the area should be retained as public open space to allow this significant use and relationship to continue.

 Future development of 1A Morton Street should not restrict access to Rangihou Reserve and the small section of 1A Morton Street zoned for public recreation. Of particular importance is that the Maori community are allowed to use this portion of land, and the surrounding areas of Rangihou Reserve, in their cultural celebrations. This could be achieved through a number of strategies, including:

 formally incorporating the area of land into Rangihou Reserve; or

 conditioning that the subject area must be retained as public open space, and that the wider community may continue to use the land.

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 Any future development at 1A Morton Street should respect and maintain the visual relationship between the publicly accessible portion of the site, Rangihou Reserve and the former location of Marsden’s Rangihou Seminary.

 The intangible cultural heritage values associated with the site should be managed appropriately. This may include, but is not limited to, implementation of interpretation measures within Rangihou Reserve, developed in consultation with the Maori community.

 An Interpretation Strategy should be prepared in consultation with relevant stakeholders to guide the interpretation planning to ensure the cultural significance of the site is appropriately communicated to the public.

9.3.3 Management of Heritage Items and Historic Views

The Wetlands

 The Wetlands and their setting should be retained and protected to safeguard their natural and cultural heritage values.

 Development in the vicinity of Rangihou Reserve should ensure that the natural heritage values of the Wetlands are not impacted.

Gasworks Bridge

 Future works at Rangihou Reserve should ensure that the setting of the Gasworks Bridge is retained and protected to safeguard the bridge’s heritage values.

Newlands Gates and Plantings

 Future works at Rangihou Reserve should ensure that the historic views between Newlands Gates and Rangihou Reserve are not impacted.

Wavertree and Palms

 Future works at Rangihou Reserve should ensure that the significant historic visual connection between the Harris Park Area of National Significance and Wavertree is not impacted.

Broughton House

 Future works at Rangihou Reserve should ensure that the historic views between the Broughton House cultural landscape (including its marker trees), the reserve and the Harris Park Area of National Significance are not impacted.

Area of National Significance Special Area, Harris Park Precinct

 Future works at Rangihou Reserve should not impact the historically significant views identified in this report that are linked to the Area of National Significance.

 Vegetation within Rangihou Reserve—particularly mature vegetation—should be retained in order to maintain the visual screen it creates for the modern development directly north of the reserve.

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9.3.4 Heritage Interpretation

 Interpretation of Rangihou Reserve’s significant cultural and natural heritage values should be implemented in the public domain. Rangihou Reserve presents an opportunity in Parramatta to celebrate a wide range of cultural and natural heritage values that are unique to the local area and are significant in the story of Parramatta and New South Wales.

 An Interpretation Strategy should be prepared by a qualified interpretation specialist. The Interpretation Strategy should be developed in consultation with stakeholders such as the Aboriginal community, Maori community and other community representatives to ensure that the site’s heritage significance is adequately portrayed.

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120 Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

10.0 Appendices

Appendix A

AHIMS Search Results Appendix B

Consultation Log Appendix C

Historical Timeline Appendix D

Historical Bibliography Appendix E

Heritage Listing Sheets for:

- Broughton House

- Wavertree

- Palms

- Wetlands

- Gasworks Bridge (LEP listing)

- Gasworks Bridge (RMS s170 register listing)

- Newlands Gates, Trees and Archaeological Site

Parramatta LEP Heritage Map

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122 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Appendix A

AHIMS Search Results

AHIMS Web Services (AWS) Search Result Your Ref Number : 12-0380 Client Service ID : 76763

Godden Mackay Logan Heritage Consultants Date: 08 August 2012 78 George Street Redfern New South Wales 2016 Attention: Sally Maclennan Email: [email protected] Dear Sir or Madam: AHIMS Web Service search for the following area at Lat, Long From : 151.0115, -33.81657 - Lat, Long To : -33.81258, 151.01816 with a Buffer of 1000 meters. conducted by Sally Maclennan on 08 August 2012 A search of the Office of the Environment and Heritage AHIMS Web Services (Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System) has shown that: 26 Aboriginal sites are recorded in or near the above location. 0 Aboriginal places have been declared in or near the above location. * If your search shows Aboriginal sites or places what should you do? You must do an extensive search if AHIMS has shown that there are Aboriginal sites or places recorded in the search area. If you are checking AHIMS as a part of your due diligence, refer to the next steps of the Due Diligence Code of practice. You can get further information about Aboriginal places by looking at the gazettal notice that declared it. Aboriginal places gazetted after 2001 are available on the NSW Government Gazette (http://www.nsw.gov.au/gazette) website. Gazettal notices published prior to 2001 can be obtained from Office of Environment and Heritage's Aboriginal Heritage Information Unit upon request Important information about your AHIMS search The information derived from the AHIMS search is only to be used for the purpose for which it was requested. It is not be made available to the public. AHIMS records information about Aboriginal sites that have been provided to Office of Environment and Heritage and Aboriginal places that have been declared by the Minister; Information recorded on AHIMS may vary in its accuracy and may not be up to date .Location details are recorded as grid references and it is important to note that there may be errors or omissions in these recordings, Some parts of New South Wales have not been investigated in detail and there may be fewer records of Aboriginal sites in those areas. These areas may contain Aboriginal sites which are not recorded on AHIMS. Aboriginal objects are protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 even if they are not recorded as a site on AHIMS. This search can form part of your due diligence and remains valid for 12 months.

PO BOX 1967 Hurstville NSW 2220 ABN 30 841 387 271 43 BridgeStreet HURSTVILLE NSW 2220 Email: [email protected] Tel: (02)9585 6345 (02)9585 6741 Fax: (02)9585 6094 Web: www.environment.nsw.gov.au AHIMS Web Services (AWS) Your Ref Number : 12-0380 Extensive search - Site list report Client Service ID : 76763

SiteID SiteName Datum Zone Easting Northing Context Site Status SiteFeatures SiteTypes Reports 45-6-1523 George St Parramatta;Family Law Courts; AGD 56 314950 6256450 Open site Valid Artefact : - Open Camp Site 1809 Contact Recorders Val Attenbrow,Edward Higginbotham Permits 45-6-2554 Elizabeth Farmhouse AGD 56 316420 6255700 Open site Valid Artefact : - Open Camp Site Contact Recorders Michael Guider Permits 2928 45-6-2559 Sydney Turf Club Carpark;STC Carpark; AGD 56 316900 6256020 Open site Valid Artefact : - Open Camp Site Contact Recorders Michael Guider Permits 45-6-2578 Collett Park; AGD 56 316680 6257140 Open site Valid Artefact : - Open Camp Site Contact Recorders Michael Guider Permits 45-6-2627 HP-1 AGD 56 315850 6255210 Open site Valid Artefact : - Contact Recorders Mick Leon Permits 45-6-2648 Charles/George 1 AGD 56 315690 6256470 Open site Valid Artefact : - Contact Recorders Doctor.Jo McDonald Permits 1433,1682,2176,2240,2353,3049,3509 45-6-2678 SSP1 (formerly Smith Street PAD) AGD 56 315330 6256150 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Doctor.Jo McDonald Permits 1848,2561 45-6-2668 Argyle St AGD 56 315200 6256060 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Doctor.Jo McDonald Permits 1764,2155 45-6-2669 Kendall Street, Harris Park AGD 56 315525 6256150 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Jim Wheeler Permits 1767 45-6-2673 RTA-G1 AGD 56 315690 6256470 Open site Valid Artefact : - 100552 Contact Recorders Doctor.Jo McDonald Permits 1841,2176,3050,3509 45-6-2679 Parramatta Children's Court AGD 56 314900 6256600 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 1850,1973,2117 45-6-2738 James Ruse Reserve Open Camp 1 AGD 56 316000 6256000 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Jim Wheeler Permits 2018,2187

Report generated by AHIMS Web Service on 08/08/2012 for Sally Maclennan for the following area at Lat, Long From : 151.0115, -33.81657 - Lat, Long To : -33.81258, 151.01816 with a Buffer of 1000 meters.Additional Info : Due diligence assessment. Number of Aboriginal sites and Aboriginal objects found is 26 This information is not guaranteed to be free from error omission. Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW) and its employees disclaim liability for any act done or omission made on the information and consequences of such acts or omission.

Page 1 of 3 AHIMS Web Services (AWS) Your Ref Number : 12-0380 Extensive search - Site list report Client Service ID : 76763

SiteID SiteName Datum Zone Easting Northing Context Site Status SiteFeatures SiteTypes Reports 45-6-2686 Civic Place PAD AGD 56 315130 6256450 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Permits 1960 45-6-2751 Marsden St Carpark AGD 56 314900 6256350 Open site Valid Artefact : -, Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 2243 45-6-2739 PADUNknown AGD 56 314950 6256700 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Haglund and Associates Permits 45-6-2746 Old Hospital Site Parramatta Health SErvcies Precinct AGD 56 314950 6256650 Open site Valid Potential 100551,100558 Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 2160,2507 45-6-2741 Parramatta Transport Interchange PAD AGD 56 315450 6256250 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Susan (Now McIntrye-Tamwoy) McIntyre Permits 2121 45-6-2756 Parramatta Rehabilitation Centre (formerly O'Connell St PAD) AGD 56 314950 6256850 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 2317,2414,2511 45-6-2795 150 Marsden Street Parramatta PAD AGD 56 314955 6256480 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : 1 Contact T Russell Recorders Austral Archaeology Pty Ltd Permits 2404 45-6-2863 Cumberland Press Site AGD 56 315850 6256390 Open site Valid Artefact : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 2865,3307,3509 45-6-2893 95-101 George St (GSP AD) GDA 56 315720 6256570 Open site Valid Potential 101078 Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Megan Mebberson Permits 3509 45-6-2950 Macquarie St PAD 2 GDA 56 315850 6256490 Open site Destroyed Potential 102144 Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Jillian Comber,Comber Consultants Pty Limited Permits 3238,3366

Page 2 of 3 AHIMS Web Services (AWS) Your Ref Number : 12-0380 Extensive search - Site list report Client Service ID : 76763

SiteID SiteName Datum Zone Easting Northing Context Site Status SiteFeatures SiteTypes Reports 45-6-2976 George St PAD 1 GDA 56 315650 6256690 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : 1 Contact Recorders Comber Consultants Pty Limited,Mr.David Nutley Permits 3509 45-6-2977 Macquarie St PAD 3 GDA 56 315090 6256650 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : 1 Contact Recorders Comber Consultants Pty Limited,Mr.David Nutley Permits 3509 45-6-2978 41 Hunter Street PAD GDA 56 315030 6256450 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Mr.Alexander Beben Permits 3419 45-6-2988 7-9 Victoria Road Parramatta GDA 56 315502 6257233 Open site Valid Artefact : 9 Contact Recorders Godden Mackay Logan Heritage Consultants,Ms.Anita Yousif Permits 3488

Page 3 of 3

Appendix B

Consultation Log

Rangihou Reserve Appendix B—Aboriginal Community Consultation Log

Notification of the proposed project and an offer to be involved in the consultation , Parramatta Aboriginal Organisation/Person Contact Date Sent Reference

— Gunjeewong Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Ms Cherie Carroll Turrise 22.8.12 12-0380cctc1 Heritage Assessment Corporation

Darug Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments Ms Celestine Everingham 22.8.12 12-0380cec1

Darug Aboriginal Land Care Inc Mr Des Dyer 22.8.12 12-0380ddc1

22.8.12

— Mr David Williams Mr David Williams 12-0380dwc1 M arch Darug Land Observations Mr Gordon Workman 22.8.12 12-0380gwc1

2013 Gilgai Aboriginal Centre Ms Jayde Kelly 22.8.12 12-0380jkc1

Deerubbin LALC Mr Kevin Cavanagh 22.8.12 12-0380kcc1 Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation Ms Leanne Watson 22.8.12 12-0380lwc1 Mr Scott Franks Mr Scott Franks 22.8.12 12-0380sfc1

Darug Tribal Aboriginal Corporation Ms Sandra Lee 22.8.12 12-0380slc1 Reconciliation Association Mr Chris Wilson Emailed 22.8.12 12-0380cwc1 UWS Parramatta Western Sydney Community Forum Ms Shirley Blacklaws Emailed 22.8.12 12-0380sbc1 Parramatta City Council Ms Maggie Kyle. Emailed 22.8.12 12-0380mkc1 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) Ms Kyle distributed invitation to ATSI Advisory Committee Members directly. Advisory Committee

Registration of Interest by Aboriginal Organisation/Individuals

Aboriginal Organisation/Individual Contact Date Received and comments Reference Darug Aboriginal Land Care Inc Mr Des Dyer Phone call 27 August 2012 registering interest and intention to N/A i attend site inspection on Wednesday 5 September ii Darug Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments Ms Celestine Everingham Phone call 4 September 2012 registering interest in project, but N/A (DACHA) unable to attend site inspection on Wednesday 5 September Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation Ms Leanne Watson Email 5 September 2012 registering interest in project but unable to 12-0380lwr1 attend site inspection on Wednesday 5 September Ms Keri Kenton (member of PCC ATSI Advisory Ms Keri Kenton Email 13 September 2012 registering interest in project but was 12-0380kkr1 Committee) unable to attend site inspection on Wednesday 5 September Mr Gil Saunders (member of PCC ATSI Advisory Mr Gil Saunders Phone call 21 September 2012 registering interest in project and Committee) desire to read draft report

Site Inspection

No representatives of individuals/organisations were able to attend the site inspection on 5 September 2012.

Distribution of Draft Report

Aboriginal Organisation/Individual Sent Comments Reference Darug Aboriginal Land Care Inc 18.1.13 No comments received 12–0380ddc3 Rangihou Reserve Darug Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments (DACHA) 18.1.13 Phone call with Sam Cooling 15 February 2013 supporting conclusions of report. 12–0380cec4 Believes historical overview paints a surprisingly positive picture of Samuel Marsden. Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation 18.1.13 No comments received 12–0380lwrc4

, Parramatta Ms Keri Kenton (member of PCC ATSI Advisory 18.1.13 No comments received 12–0380kkrc4 Committee) Mr Gil Saunders (member of PCC ATSI Advisory 18.1.13 No comments received 12–0380gsc4 —

Heritage Assessment Committee)

— M arch

2013

Appendix C

Historical Timeline

Appendix C—Chronology of Rangihou Seminary and site to the 1920s

C.1 Timeline

 1806—Samuel Marsden met Ruatara.

 1812—Ruatara returned to New Zealand and Marsden sent a teacher to New Zealand in response to a request from Ruatara.1

 1814—Marsden was the holder of the land where Rangihou cottage or seminary was later built.

 1812-1817—Marsden lived in the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets, Parramatta.2

 October 1815—Anglican chaplains in Sydney agreed that a ‘small establishment’ be set up to instruct the Maori on ‘civilisation and general improvement’. 3

 September 1817—Samuel Marsden and his family were residing in the newly built parsonage erected between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta.4

 Early 1819—Marsden was building a dwelling for his seminary.5

 July 1819—Reverend John Butler reported ‘Mr Marsden has nearly completed the Seminary for the New Zealanders.’6

 February 1820—Marsden had 25 Maori living at Parramatta. 7

 April 1822—Due to the deaths of the students, Marsden stated that he would close the seminary.8

 About September 1822—Rangihou closed.9

 From October 1822—Maori lived with Marsden, but were then accommodated in the Institution for Native Black Children.10

 1 November 1822—Grant of 112 acres to Samuel Marsden, bounded on east by Reid’s farm, 39 chains, on north by Field of Mars Road [Victoria Road], 27 chains 20 links and 21 chains on west by a small creek, on the south by Parramatta River.11

 23 April 1826—Marsden stated the former seminary was still in his ownership and offered to sell it to the Church Missionary Society.12

 6 December 1827—Public Notice that John Raine has leased Samuel Marsden’s property known as ‘Rangatoo’ and is now called ‘West Grove’.13

 By April 1830—John Raine’s property West Grove at Parramatta was contracted to supply salt meat to the government. 14

 24 April 1830—Advertisement to let for West Grove Cottage and premises, Parramatta.15

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 i

 October 1830—West Grove leasehold estate with a term of 37 1/2 years still to run was subdivided for sale by Messrs Paul.16

 c1836—Sketch from south-west by Reverend Richard Taylor of Rangihou showing a two storey weatherboard cottage with a smaller outbuilding near the river.17

 c1836—Sketch by Reverend Richard Taylor titled ‘View from my bedroom window at Rangihoa’, looked across river to Byrnes mills.18

 12 May 1838—Samuel Marsden died. Samuel Marsden left his 112 acres of land at Newlands to trustees to sell.

 31 October 1839—Auction of Newlands Estate at Red Cow Inn by James Byrnes and described as ‘Includes Rangihou Cottage, Garden, etc. This is an extremely choice and valuable lot, a neat Residence already being on it, having a back entrance to New Zealand- street, and a full frontage to the River’. 19

 1841—Mrs Griffiths conducted a private school at 50 guineas per term at ‘Rangahoo House’ in Parramatta.20

st  19 February 1848—Conveyance, 1 John Campbell and others (trustees of will of Samuel Marsden) 2nd Charles Campbell, Sydney, 3rd William Byrnes, Parramatta, merchant, of Lot 45 in the subdivision. A plan on the deed showed ‘Rangihou’ cottage plus two small outbuildings.21

st nd rd  21 September 1863—Mortgage, 1 James Byrnes, 2 William Byrnes and wife Ann, 3 , Trustees of Liverpool and London Fire and Life Assurance Co. Various including lot 45 for £10,000. 22

 1864—The first Parramatta Council Valuation listed three houses owned by J and W Byrnes worth £15, £15 and £3 per annum.23

 7 November 1867—Conveyance, Trustees of Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Co to Hugh Fairclough, Parramatta, esquire for £500. 24

 1868—The property was recorded with two houses worth £10 per annum each plus a vacant land worth £4 per annum.25

 1870—The property was described as having an orchard worth £12 per annum and an iron house worth £35 per annum. 26

 10 November 1877—Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta showed this area as vacant land with no buildings.27

 3 November 1919—Real Property Application by Perpetual Trustee Co as trustees of will of Hugh Fairclough. For lots 37-39 and 45 Newlands Estate. Lot 45 occupied by F E Case.28

 17 April 1920—Rate notice for part of Lot 45 showed house on one part with Unimproved Capital Value of £126 and Improved Capital Value of £280. The other part of lot 45 was

ii Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

described as having ‘Ruins and land’ with Unimproved Capital Value of £209 and Improved Capital Value of £225.29

 22 March 1921—CT issued to Real Property Application by Perpetual Trustee Co for lots 37- 39 and 45 Newlands Estate.30

C.2 Endnotes

1 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth Century’, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 46 No 1, 2011, p 53 2 A T Yarwood, Samuel Marsden: The Great Survivor, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1977, p 203 3 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-1838, Coulls Somerville Wilkie and A.H. Reed for the Otago University Council, Dunedin, 1932, p 39, cited in A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth Century’, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 46 No 1, 2011, p 55 4 A T Yarwood, Samuel Marsden, p 203-4 5 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304-5 6 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 305 7 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 56-7 8 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 60-61 9 The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p 77 10 The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p 77 11 Grant Register, Volume 14, No 130, LPI 12 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, p 447 13 Monitor, 6 Dec 1827, p 2 14 Sydney Gazette, 13 April 1830, p 2 15 Monitor, 24 April 1830, p 3 16 Monitor, 6 Oct 1830, p 1 17 Source unknown 18 Richard Taylor, Diary of residence in New South Wales, 12 June 1836-19 February 1839, ML A3816, p 31 19 Australian, 31 Oct 1839, p 4 20 Australian, 24 April 1841, p 3 21 LPI, No 505 Bk 16 22 LPI No 972 Bk 84 23 Parramatta Rate Book, 1864, Nos 1233-1234 24 LPI, No 993 Bk 105 25 Parramatta Rate Book, 1868, Nos 1240-1242 26 Parramatta Rate Book, 1870, Gore Ward, Nos 368-369 27 Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 28 RPA 22286 29 Document 23 and 24, in RPA 22286, SRNSW, NRS 17513 30 C T 3167 f 15

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 iii

Appendix D

Historical Bibliography

Appendix D—Historical Bibliography

The following sources were used in the preparation of the history of 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta as presented in Section 3.0 of this report.

Maps—Mitchell Library

Bemi, P L, Plan of the late Revd Saml Marsden's Estate, Subdivided and Sold, M2/811.1312/1840?/1

Brownrigg, W M, Plan of Parramatta, M3/811.1301/1844/1

Parramatta, 1814, M2 811.1301/1814/1

Sydney Subdivision Plans, Parramatta ZSP: P6/1-205

Maps—State Records of NSW

Map of Parramatta, undated, SR Map 4726

Map of Parramatta compiled from Richards' Survey, Johnstone 1836, SR Map 4799

M W S & S B, Aerial Survey, March 1930, SR Map 32241

Maps and Plans—Parramatta City Council Local Studies Collection

Survey of all the Streets in the Town of Parramatta North for the purpose of aligning the same, 1855

Maps and Plans—Sydney Water

Parramatta Detail Survey

Sheet Parramatta 88, (Nov 1925)

Crown Plans

P.230.574. Sheet 8, Stephens, 23 Aug 1895

Ms.16680.3000, F L Mathews, 5 May 1958

Pictorial—Mitchell Library

Martens, Conrad, [View of Parramatta], 1838, DL Pg 15

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 i

Land and Property Information

Deeds Registers, 1825 onwards

Grants Registers, 1792 onwards

Plans, Plans Room

Real Property Applications, 1863 onwards

Search Notes, RPA 5288

Manuscript Sources—State Records of NSW

Births, Deaths and Marriages, St John’s Burial Register, Jan 1819-Dec 1825

Stamp Duties Office, Deceased Estate Files,

Vickery, James Swanton, died 14/8/1907, duty paid 9/3/08, 20/326

Supreme Court, Probate Packets

Marsden, Samuel, died 12 May 1838, Series 1 No 925, 14/3198

Surveyor-General, Field Books,

No 745, Knapp, 1854, 2/8079.10

Surveyor-General, Sketch Books, Volumes 1-3

Manuscript Sources—Mitchell Library

Church Missionary Society, Correspondence between Sydney Corresponding Committee, missionaries and others, 1820-52, CN/05, (AJCP Reel) ML FM4/1495

Marsden, Reverend Samuel, Family Papers c.1810-c.1902, (AJCP Reel), FM4/751

Marsden, Reverend Samuel, Papers, 1794-1857, (Norton Smith & Co, Clients’ Documents), A5412, 2 boxes

Manuscript Sources—Parramatta City Council Local Studies Collection

Rate Books, 1864-1868

Valuation Books, All Wards – Gore 1870-2, 1874-5

Valuation Books, Gore Ward, 1882-91

ii Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Newspapers

Australian, 1824-42

Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877

Monitor, 1826-32

Sydney Gazette, 1803-29

Sydney Morning Herald, 1842-50, Oct 1859

Primary Sources—Printed Books and Articles

Elder, John Rawson, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-1838, Coulls Somerville Wilkie and A H Reed for the Otago University Council, Dunedin, 1932

Fitzgerald, Caroline (ed), Letters from the Bay of Islands: The story of Marianne Williams, Penguin, Auckland, 2004

Fuller, C E, Central Cumberland Directory, 1882-7, Parramatta, 1882-7

Hassall, Reverend James S, In Old Australia, R S Hews & Co, [printer] Brisbane, 1902

Havard-Williams, P (ed), Marsden and the New Zealand mission: Sixteen letters, University of Otago Press in association with A H & A W Reed, [Dunedin, N.Z.] 1961

Hillier, Robert S (comp), Beautiful Parramatta - Descriptive and Illustrative, Federal Printing Works, Macquarie St, Parramatta, [c. 1905]

Marsden J B (ed), Memoirs of the life and labours of the Rev. Samuel Marsden, of Paramatta, senior chaplain of New South Wales: And of his early connexion with the missions to New Zealand and Tahiti, Religious Tract Society, London, [1858]

Parramatta Pioneer Register, Foundation to Federation, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2000

Parramatta Pioneer Register, Settlement to 1920, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2003

Sands, John, Directory, 1858-1932/3

Wharton, J Cheyne, The Jubilee History of Parramatta, Cumberland Argus, Parramatta, 1911

Secondary Sources—Printed Books and Articles

Australian Dictionary of Biography, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1966 ff

Belich, James, Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders From Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century, Penguin, Rosedale, NZ, 2007 edition

Brown, Shylie & Ken, Parramatta; A town caught in time, 1870, Hale & Iremonger, Sydney, 1995

Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 iii

Johnstone, S M, The history of the King's School Parramatta, Council of the King's School and King's School Old Boys' Union, [Sydney, 1932]

Jones, Alison and Kuni Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth Century’, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 46 No 1, 2011, pp 49-67

Kass, Terry, Carol Liston & John McClymont, Parramatta: A Past Revealed, Parramatta City Council, Parramatta, 1996

Marsden, J B, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, edited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913

McClymont, John, James Houison 1800-1876: Parramatta’s Forgotten Architect, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2010

Salmond, Anne, Between worlds: Early exchanges between Maori and Europeans, 1773-1815, Viking, Auckland, New Zealand, 1997

Tatrai, Olga, Wind & Watermills in Old Parramatta, Author, Parramatta, 1994

Thompson, M M H, William Woolls: A man of Parramatta, Hale & Iremonger, Sydney, 1986

Waddy, L D S, The King's School, 1831-1981: an account, Council of the King's School, Parramatta, 1981

Yarwood, A T, Samuel Marsden: The Great Survivor, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1977

iv Rangihou Reserve, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013

Appendix E

Heritage Listing Sheets and Parramatta LEP 2011 Heritage Map

Gasworks Bridge Over Parramatta River | NSW Environment & Heritage http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetai...

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Gasworks Bridge Over Parramatta River

Item details Name of item: Gasworks Bridge Over Parramatta River Other name/s: Rta Bridge No. 592 Type of item: Built Group/Collection: Transport - Land Category: Road Bridge Primary address: Macarthur Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local govt. area: Parramatta

All addresses Street Address Suburb/town LGA Parish County Type

Macarthur Street Parramatta Parramatta Primary Address

Owner/s Organisation Name Owner Category Date Ownership Updated

Roads and Traffic Authority, NSW State Government

Statement of significance: The Gasworks Bridge over the Parramatta River, completed in 1885, has significance because: * it has been an important item of infrastructure in the history of New South Wales for over 115 years, * it was a technically sophisticated bridge structure for its time, * it has strong aesthetic lines, * it contributed significantly to the social and commercial development of western Sydney. * it is an good representative example of this type of bridge. The bridge has been assessed as being of State significance. Date significance updated: 16 Mar 01 Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.

Description Designer/Maker: John A McDonald Physical description: The Gasworks Bridge over the Parramatta River is a major bridge. It is a 3-span, high level Bridge over a wide river. It has the same deep, rectangular lattice trusses of John A McDonald's early designs, but does not have the diaphragm-tied piers of so many of the other lattice bridges. Here, the bridge is supported on large sandstone piers.

It has three main spans each 31m in length and two steel beam approach spans. The overall length is 110m and the Bridge is a two lane bridge 6.85m wide between kerbs. Physical condition Original condition assessment: 'The Bridge is in good condition.' (Last updated: 12/03/2001.) and/or Archaeological 2007-08 condition update: 'Good.' (Last updated: 17/4/09.) potential: Date condition updated: 17 Apr 09

Current Road bridge use: Former use: Road bridge

History Historical notes: The Gasworks Bridge is an iron lattice bridge and was completed in 1885.

Iron lattice bridges are the most significant bridges of the colonial period. They were the major bridges of their time and carried the burgeoning road network across many of the major rivers in New South Wales. Whereas the construction of timber truss bridges extended

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over a long period, from the 1860s to the 1930s, and was associated with three prominent engineers in the Department of Public Works (Percy Allen, E M de Burgh and Harvey Dare), the construction of the iron lattice bridges was confined to a short period, from 1881 and 1893, and all were designed by bridge engineer John A McDonald.

The lattice truss is an example of British bridge technology and they appeared in large numbers in the British colonies of Australia, particularly in New South Wales and Victoria and a few examples in the other colonies. These bridges were almost the exclusive choice for large rail and road bridges such that in New South Wales, 41 of these bridges (27 for roads and 14 for railways) were built between 1871 and 1893. Most were in the Hunter Valley and New England region.

They were a more economical form of construction than the heavy cellular girder bridges, requiring only about half the amount of iron, but the iron was still an expensive import (rolling marks such as BUTTERLEY, SHELTON and BURBACH appear on iron elements of many of the bridges). In terms of costs, indexed to the year 2000, the iron lattice bridges would have cost around $9,000 per square metre of deck whereas for timber truss bridges this unit cost would only have been around $1,500. Despite the high initial costs of the lattice bridges, their durability and low maintenance costs have meant that in the long term they have been very cost-effective structures. The iron lattice bridges were, to the colonial period, what reinforced concrete bridges were to the period 1930-60 and prestressed concrete bridges have become since the 1970s.

Assessment of significance SHR Criteria a) The Bridge has a high historical significance as it is on a main road. It is a large bridge with [Historical significance] long spans over a major river, indicative of the then burgeoning road network. It has historic associative value based on its ability to represent the endeavours of local settlers, with their need for safe and reliable access across the Parramatta River. It is associated with bridge designer John A McDonald. It significantly helped open up western Sydney. SHR Criteria c) Aesthetically, the Bridge with its long lattice trusses and tall sandstone piers presents an [Aesthetic significance] imposing yet attractive reminder of the past. It has strong aesthetic lines that enhance the aesthetics of its environment. As such, the bridge has aesthetic significance. SHR Criteria d) Because of their numbers, the complete set of lattice truss bridges gain high social [Social significance] significance. The Bridge also has significance to the local community. The Bridge has contributed significantly to the social and commercial development of western Sydney. SHR Criteria e) The Bridge has high technical significance because of its integrity and good condition, which [Research potential] contribute to its ability to demonstrate aspects of technology, design and style in bridge construction. The Bridge is a good example of British bridge technology. SHR Criteria g) A good representative example of an iron lattice truss bridge. [Representativeness] Integrity/Intactness: Intact Assessment criteria: Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management: Continued sympathetic management.

Listings Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page

Heritage Act - s.170 NSW State agency heritage register

Heritage study

Study details Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by used

Study of Heritage Sig. of pre 1930 RTA Controlled Metal 2001 Cardno Yes Road Bridges in NSW MBK

References, internet links & imagess None

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

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(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: State Government Database 4301684 number:

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Gasworks Bridge

Item details Name of item: Gasworks Bridge Other name/s: Gas Works Bridge Type of item: Built Group/Collection: Utilities - Gas Category: Road Bridge Primary address: 198 (adj) George Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local govt. area: Parramatta

Property description Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number

All addresses Street Address Suburb/town LGA Parish County Type

198 (adj) George Street Parramatta Parramatta Primary Address

Statement of significance: This item is of historical significance because it provides evdence of the history of amenities and services in the local area. The barrier formed by the river was a major factor in development as late as 1880, at which time it was only bridged at Church Street, Parramatta. In the 1880's both the Newlands (Gasworks) and Gladesville Bridges were opened. Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.

Description Construction years: 1885- Physical description: Lattice girder bridge on large sandstone piers. Physical condition National Trust (Parramatta Branch): Fair. and/or Archaeological potential: Modifications and National Trust (Parramatta Branch) supplied Year Started. dates: Further information: PRS

History Historical notes: In March 1878 a petition was presented to Parliament by the people of Parramatta (who had already subscribed a large sum of money for this work) for the erection of a bridge at the foot of Harris Street. Work on the bridge was completed in 1885. National Trust (Parramatta Branch): March 1878 a petition was presented to Parliament by the people of Parramatta for the erection of a bridge at the foot of Harris Street. | Gas works Bridge was raised 18 inches (45cms) in 1960. (Ref.: Sydney Morning Herald 16 March 1960.)

Assessment of significance SHR Criteria a) This item historically significant. [Historical significance] SHR Criteria e) This item is technically or scientifically significant. [Research potential] SHR Criteria f) This item is rare. [Rarity]

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Assessment criteria: Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Listings Heritage Listing Listing Title Listing Number Gazette Date Gazette Number Gazette Page

Regional Environmental Plan REP No 28 221 20 Aug 99 95 6161

Heritage study

Study details Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by used

City of Parramatta Heritage 1993221 Meredith Walker Yes Study

Parramatta Heritage Review 2004 National Trust (Parramatta No Branch)

References, internet links & imagess None

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

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Data source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Local Government Database 2240221 number:

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Broughton House

Item Name of Item: Broughton House Other Name/s: Newlands, Bowden House, The Farm House, Broughton House, Parramatta Convalescent Home Type of Item: Built Group/Collection: Residential buildings (private) Category: Mansion Location: Lat:151.01623027 Long:-33.81280166 Primary Address: 43a Thomas Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local Govt. Area: Parramatta Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number All Addresses

Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type 43a Thomas Street Parramatta Parramatta FIELD OF MARS Cumberland Primary

Owner/s Organisation Name Owner Category Date Ownership Updated Private Parramatta Convalescent Home Private

Statement of Broughton House is an item of State significance, being a notable example of a Victorian Regency style house that reflects the social Significance and economic status of the wealthier free settler who played an essential part in the establishment of New South Wales. It has strong associations with the Marsden family and the King's School. It has association with educational, religious, scientific and literary training through William Woolls School and Kings School. It is the sole remaining home of a series of quality residences which faced south over the Parramatta River such as the Vineyard (Subiaco), Newlands (Athole) Pemberton Grange and Waddon Estate (Palmer Family) (Brown 1998).

Professional, trade and manufacturing practice - a notable example of an Victorian Regency style house. It also has a strong association with the Marsden family and Kings School (LEP, 1997).

A picturesque house which is valued for its aesthetic attributes (Criterion F.1). It is an architecturally significant example of the

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Victorian Regency style (Criterion F.1). One of the few surviving early houses of Parramatta (Criterion B.2). It is important for its close associations with the prominent Marsden family for whom it was built and with the King's School which used the house for boarding pupils between 1908 and 1965 (Criterion H.1). It is also important for its historic associations with the early development of Parramatta (Criterion A.4)(RNE, 1991). Date Significance Updated: 21 Mar 11 Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.

Description Designer/Maker: Possibly John Verge Construction Years: 1838 - Physical Description: Grounds: Set in generous grounds with large trees giving shade and privacy (AHC, 1991). Despite the reduction in extent of its grounds and later building infill and encroachment, some remnant plantings give an idea of the grandeur of the former Newlands/Broughton Hall/House in its heyday. One mature and very tall Californian desert fan palm (Washingtonia robusta) and mature shrubs including Cotoneaster sp. and African olive (Olea europaea var.cuspidata) are near the house (Stuart Read pers.comm., from photo by Sue Rosen, in Rosen, 2007, 92).

House: Broughton House is a two storey Regency style stucco brick dwelling with faceted bays to three elevations. Curved bay sections and French doors opening to verandahs. It has a hip roof covered in slate. Arched entry porch rising to a tower with a metal dome topped by a weather vane. First floor verandah bays are glassed in. Original twin verandah posts to both levels. Cast iron valance to ground floor verandahs. Twelve pane sash windows. The hall has an ornately carved timber dog leg double staircase and return landing with elaborate timber balustrades and coffered Jacobean like timber ceiling. A panelled room leads of the hall with finely carved timber fireplace and coloured panes to the twelve paned sash windows. All the main doors have ornate pedimented architraves. The servants' wing exists (AHC, 1991).

Archaeological resources - Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3024 (43A Thomas Street): This AMU has high archaeological research potential. In the 1790s, this AMU was part of a farm granted by Governor Phillip to seamen-settler William Reid. This, along with adjacent grants, were acquired by Samuel Marsden to form his 'Newlands Estate'. In 1835, Marsden built the home which was later known as Broughton House and is now within the Parramatta Convalescent Home, for his daughter and her husband, Rev Thomas Marsden. The house was later used by The King's School and is now the Parramatta Convalescent Home.

The physical archaeological evidence within this area may include structural features, intact subfloor deposits, open deposits and scatters, ecological samples and individual artefacts which have potential to yield information about the life of Jane and Rev Thomas Marsden, relating to major historic themes including Housing, Persons, Religion, Cultural Sites, Land Tenure, Townships, Agriculture and Welfare.

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Archaeological evidence at this site is likely to be largely intact, though subject to minor disturbance in some areas. This AMU is of Local significance. Physical Condition and/or Physical condition is good. Much altered and adapted. Date Archaeological Potential: Condition Updated: 09 Jun 99 Modifications and Dates: Originally on 20 acre Lot Federation era - two wings added on northwest and north-east of house. c1900 - second storey constructed. c1916 - Transfer of 7 acres 3 roods and 8 acres for town lots (Northern section) c1970 - Bays to west elevation removed for brick extension. 1990 - New brick single storey building at southern side of lot. 1992 - Brick extension to west elevation demolished leaving interior walls exposed. 1993-94 - Single storey buildings erected between original building and south boundary. Single storey verandahs converted to two storey at unknown date. 2008 - removing, replacing and (in the central, Verge-designed oldest section) re-instating sound roofing slates. The best existing tiles taken from all over the roof and re-used. New slate to be Welsh slate to match existing colour best. Further Information: W. M. Brownrigg, Map of Parramatta, 1844; CPS; NTL

Buildings from the same period are: The Vineyard (Subiaco) built 1838 - demolished 1961 Pemberton Grange - demolished early 1900s Waddon Estate - demolished early 1900s Macarthur House built 1856 Wavertree built c1841 Blair Athol built 1835 - demolished 1933 Current Use: convalescent home Former Use: Rural homestead, school boarding house, nursing home

History Historical Notes: In c1790, this Archaeological Management Unit ((AMU) 3024 - 43A Thomas Street) was within Town Boundary Farms No. 7, which, along with Farm No. 6, was marked 'Setters from the Sirius'. (Bonwick Transcripts, c1790). These two sixty acre farms, stretching from today's Isabella Street south to the River, were granted to Sirius seamen settlers Robert Webb (c1762-1799) and William Reid (c1765-?) in March 1791, by Governor Phillip, for farming. Huts were built for them, two acres of land cleared and they were granted food, seed, agricultural tools, livestock and medical attention. Their assigned convicts were provided for from the public stores for one year. (Kass et al 1996: 30)

Over the two decades, Farm No. 7 and adjacent landholdings were bought up by, and/or granted to, Samuel Marsden. The Reverend Samuel Marsden (1764-1838) was born in Yorkshire and arrived in the colony of New South Wales as assistant to the Chaplain in March 1794. (Kass et al 1996: 49) Later becoming Principal Chaplain at Parramatta, he was an ardent farmer and pastoralist and a central member of the Parramatta gentry. While his official Parramatta residence was the Parsonage (on May's Hill), built in 1817 to Francis Greenway's design, he acquired several grants of land, which he called Newlands, on the northern side of the Parramatta River. (Kass et al 1996: 95).

In 1835, Marsden built a house for his daughter Jane and her husband, the Rev Thomas Marsden (cousin of Samuel). (Kass et al 1996: 95)(Parramatta Archaeological Landscape Management System, 2001 - AMU 3024). The house was later known as Broughton House and at one time used by The King's School, it survives within the Parramatta Nursing Home. (SHI 2240564) The

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landscaped grounds preserved until at least 1951 (Land and Property Information, 1951) has been built upon for other buildings associated with the nursing home (Parramatta Archaeological Landscape Management System, 2001 - AMU 3024).

Pieter Laurentz Campbell purchased 15 acres 3 roods from Samuel Marsden's extensive grant named Newlands, district of Field of Mars on 24th November 1837. Campbell was the Police Magistrate for Parramatta and Acting Colonial Treasurer. The dwelling and other buildings were completed by 1 February 1839. Campbell borrowed money from William Lawson of Parramatta and built a grand house in 1838/1839 (Brown, 1999). Campbell married Barbara Macleay, daughter of Colonial Secretary Alexander Macleay, in September 1834. He was posted to Parramatta as Police Magistrate in October 1836. The Campbells took up residence in a house that stood 'entirely by itself' near the 'Government Paddock'. This was a designated place and appeared on various maps from c.1828. It was at the south west corner of the present day Great Western Highway and Church Street (Rosen, 2007, 86).

Three months after his appointment, Campbell purchased eight acres from Rev.Samuel Marsden on the northern side of the Parramatta River, extending to the water and almost opposite Experiment Farm. Building began shortly after, as is evidenced by Conrad Martens' "View of Parramatta from the grounds of H.H.Macarthur" dated 25/9/1837 which depicts the very substantial two storey residence. The house was designed by architect John Verge who, about the same time, also drew up plans for Elizabeth Bay House, for Campbell's father-in-law, Alexander Macleay. (Aside from the clues of Verge's stylistic attributes, in February 1839 Campbell applied to purchase 1048 acres on the Macleay River and this land was immediately on sold to Verge for a nominal fee. It is reasonable to assume that this was payment). In February 1838 Campbell bought another seven acres from Marsden that adjoined his earlier purchase, extending to the north to present-day Victoria Road (ibid, 86-7).

In February 1839, as Campbell prepared to move to Sydney to assume the office of Acting Colonial Treasurer, the property was re- acquired by the Marsden family (the Rev.Samuel had died on 12/5/1838) when Jane Marsden, Samuel's daughter, purchased it from Campbell. The transfer was done using a legal device known as a 'lease and release' which in effect kept the sale secret for at least the term of the lease, in this instance, one year. It also meant that the family could continue to reside there until premises were found in the east (ibid, 87).

Conrad Martens' sketched the house identifying it as the 'House of L Campbell Esq. J.P.Parramatta 20 March 1839'. In April 1839 Campbell purchased from Martens his "View of Parramatta" which shows his house as a prominent feature of the landscape as seen from the eastern approach from the river and also the 'house at Parramatta', together with a copy. In total he spent 22.1.0 pounds on the three works, a substantial sum for Campbell who was continually plagued with financial shortfalls. He was indeed proud of the house, despite the family's very limited period of occupation of only about one year (ibid, 87-8).

Elizabeth Macarthur (of Elizabeth Farm south of /over the River) wrote in a letter of 6/3/1839 referring to Campbell and his family being her "near neighbours" and resident in the "new cottage on the Estate of the late Dr.Harris". Historian Sue Rosen notes that Broughton Hall was built in 1837 and designed by John Verge. She quotes Macarthur's 1839 letter further: " Mr Riddell has two years leave of absence from his duties as Colonial Treasurer. Mr Laurentz Campbell who has been our Police

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Magistrate for the last three years is to take Riddell's place - & he is already gone to Sydney - His little Wife and three little ones, who are our near neighbours - & have occupied a new cottage on the Estate of the late Dr.Harris follow as soon as they can get a house in Sydney. Mr Campbell is a most vigilant & active Policy Magistrate and has kept the Town of Parramatta and its neighbourhood free from robberies and disturbances..." (ibid, 84-5).

The 'new cottage' has been taken to mean Experiment Farm Cottage (Harris owned Experiment Farm on the River's southern bank adjoining Elizabeth Farm). Yet the Campbell residence, which was sketched in March 1839 by Conrad Martens, was located on the northern side of the river, almost opposite Experiment Farm. This house still stands, although much-altered, and is currently known as Broughton House. It is located at 43A Thomas Street (Rosen, 2007, 84-93).

A few kilometres east along the banks of the Parramatta River (in today's Rydalmere), Hannibal H Macarthur had Verge design a two- storey mansion, the Vineyard in 1835 (Brown, 1999).

The north bank of the Parramatta River appeared to be the preferred part of town where many quality homes were built during the 1830s. Waddon Cottage and Pemberton Grange had been erected for the Palmers. Samuel Marsden's house was the first to be named Newlands, built 1835 was west of Campbell's building. Across the river, John Macarthur had enlarged Elizabeth Farm and further east along Duck River, John Blaxland had erected a two-storey mansion called Newington.

An indenture dated 1 February 1839 transferred the property to Jane Marsden, daughter of the late Reverend Samuel Marsden for 1500 pounds. Jane Marsden resided in Newlands house only for a short time, for in 1842 she sailed to England with her two children. The property was advertised seeking a tenant for a three year lease in the Sydney Morning Herald in May 1841. It remained in Jane Marsden's name until 1876. Further research is required to establish who occupied the house from 1842 to 1864. It was possibly leased as a residence by military officers.

One of the most popular schools in Parramatta was conducted by William Woolls. He first started a school at Harrisford in George Street Parramatta in 1842 but moved to the larger premises of Newlands in 1864. The school was for local boys as wells as boarders. During Woolls' stay at Newlands, he continued his extensive botanical studies including botany in the school curriculum, taking the boys regularly on field trips around the hills of Parramatta collecting samples of unknown specimens. Woolls was an important early schoolmaster and botanist. He lectured frequently on the botanical landscape and was recognised by the greatest of the British and European botanists and on whose recommendation Woolls was admitted in 1865, as a Fellow of the Linnean Society in London, one of the most respected scientific organisations in Britain. In August 1872 Woolls retired from teaching and was admitted to the Holy Order in 1873, becoming the Rev. William Woolls.

In 1876, Thomas Kendall Bowden bought the property for 2,000 pounds (family of lawyers, his father was Mayor of Parramatta, Methodist Pioneers). He died 31 October 1879 and Trustee, William Byrnes was appointed to act on behalf of widow Mary Elizabeth Bowden and the property transferred and later became known as Bowden House. Sarah Emily Richards was the owner of Bowden House on 20 August 1897 paying 2,000 pounds (Brown, 1999).

An 1877 birds-eye view of Parramatta shows the former Campbell

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residence on the northern side of the river. An enlargement of the Campbell house in this view provides some indication of the scale and the detailing of the house (Rosen, 2007, 91). It also indicates a number of large trees, one of which appears tall and narrow and dark, such as an Araucaria sp. pine (Stuart Read, pers.comm., 21/3/11).

In 1906 James Swanton Vickery on behalf of S.E. Richards discharged a mortgage of 4,100 pounds on the property.

In 1908 Percival Stacy Waddy paid 3,500 pounds for the property. The house was leased to the King's School at this time. Stacy Waddy, the Headmaster on 16 September 1909, personally financed the mortgage and leased the house to the school council. The property was used to train young men in wool classing, farm management and engineering. Waddy first named the property 'the Farm House' but later renamed it 'Broughton House' in honour of the founder of the King's School in Australia (Brown, 1999).

It was not until 6 June 1916 that The King's School Council bought the house and land from Waddy. The school continued until 1942 when it closed due to wartime restrictions, re-opening in 1946 and continuing until the mid 1960s (Brown, 1999).

The land was possibly subdivided at this time and house and its smaller allotment were sold. The next use of the building and grounds was as a convalescent home and maintains that use today (Brown, 1999).

The landscaped grounds preserved until at least 1951 (Land and Property Information, 1951) have been built upon for other buildings associated with the nursing home. The house survives within the Parramatta Nursing Home (SHI 2240564)(Parramatta Archaeological Landscape Management System, 2001 - AMU 3024).

Newlands was bought by Panoramic View Units Pty Ltd in December 1965 for 60,000 pounds. On 24 July 1971 the Certificate of Title was transferred to Parramatta Convalescent Home Pty Ltd and it has since been operated as a nursing home (Brown 1999).

Historic Themes

Australian New South Wales Theme Local Theme Theme (abbrev) 2. Peopling - Convict - Activities relating to incarceration, transport, Working on private Peopling the reform, accommodation and working during the convict assignment - continent period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities 2. Peopling - Convict - Activities relating to incarceration, transport, Creating a gentleman's Peopling the reform, accommodation and working during the convict estate - continent period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities 3. Economy - Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing Pastoralism - grazing Developing local, of plant and animal species, usually for commercial sheep, cattle, goats or regional and purposes, can include aquaculture other animals - national economies 3. Economy - Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing Attempting to transplant Developing local, of plant and animal species, usually for commercial European farming regional and purposes, can include aquaculture practices to Australian

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national economies environments - 3. Economy - Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing Clearing land for farming Developing local, of plant and animal species, usually for commercial - regional and purposes, can include aquaculture national economies 3. Economy - Environment - cultural landscape - Activities associated with Landscapes and gardens Developing local, the interactions between humans, human societies and the of domestic regional and shaping of their physical surroundings accommodation - national economies 3. Economy - Environment - cultural landscape - Activities associated with Gardens and landscapes Developing local, the interactions between humans, human societies and the reminiscent of an 'old regional and shaping of their physical surroundings country' - national economies 3. Economy - Environment - cultural landscape - Activities associated with Landscapes of institutions Developing local, the interactions between humans, human societies and the - productive and regional and shaping of their physical surroundings ornamental - national economies 3. Economy - Environment - cultural landscape - Activities associated with Significant tree(s) Developing local, the interactions between humans, human societies and the providing urban amenity - regional and shaping of their physical surroundings national economies 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing politicians - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Gentlemens Mansions - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Country Villa - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing farming families - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing public servants Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – and officials - settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing the prosperous - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – mansions in town and settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of country - and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing for farm and Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – station hands - settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing famous families - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Boarding Houses - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing teachers - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms Selecting land for pastoral Building of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both or agricultural purposes -

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settlements, towns Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal and cities 4. Settlement - Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms Changing land uses - Building of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both from rural to suburban - settlements, towns Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal and cities 4. Settlement - Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms Sub-division of large Building of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both estates - settlements, towns Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal and cities 4. Settlement - Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms Granting Crown lands for Building of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both private farming - settlements, towns Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Developing suburbia - Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Country Estate - Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Rural estates - Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Role of transport in Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, settlement - settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Creating landmark Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, structures and places in settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages regional settings - and cities 5. Working - Labour - Activities associated with work practises and Working independently on Working organised and unorganised labour the land - 6. Educating - Education - Activities associated with teaching and learning (none) - Educating by children and adults, formally and informally. 6. Educating - Education - Activities associated with teaching and learning Private (religious) Educating by children and adults, formally and informally. schooling - 6. Educating - Education - Activities associated with teaching and learning College boarding house - Educating by children and adults, formally and informally. 7. Governing - Welfare - Activities and process associated with the Hospital/nursing home Governing provision of social services by the state or philanthropic phase - organisations 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Building in response to Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural natural landscape institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; features. - ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Building in response to Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural climate - verandahs - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Designing in an Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural exemplary architectural institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; style - ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.

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8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Architectural styles and Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural periods - colonial institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; homestead - ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Landscaping - Federation Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural period - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Landscaping - colonial Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural period - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Landscaping - Victorian Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural gardenesque style - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Interior design styles and Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural periods - Victorian - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Architectural styles and Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural periods - Victorian (mid) - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Living in suburbia - Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions and institutions. ways of life 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Wealthy pastoralists Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and homes in the city - institutions and institutions. ways of life 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Living in, adapting and Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and renovating homes for institutions and institutions. changing conditions - ways of life 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Living in a rural Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and homestead - institutions and institutions. ways of life 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Kitchens and servants - Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions and institutions. ways of life 8. Culture - Leisure - Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Gathering at landmark Developing cultural places to socialise - institutions and ways of life 8. Culture - Leisure - Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Gardening - Developing cultural institutions and ways of life

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9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable (none) - Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups of life 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with John Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Verge, architect - of life 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Rev Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Samuel Marsden, of life archbishop of colony - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Pieter Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Laurentz Campbell, of life Colonial Treasurer - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Rev. Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups William Woolls, teacher, of life botanist and priest - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Jane Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Marsden, daughter of of life Rev.Samuel Marsden - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Stacy Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Waddy, Headmaster of of life The Kings School, 1908- 12 - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Rev. Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Thomas Marsden, priest of life and cousin of Rev.Samuel Marsden - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Thomas Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Kendall Bowden, solicitor of life -

Assessment of Significance SHR Criteria a) Broughton House reflects the social and economic status of the [Historical Significance] wealthier free settler who played an essential part in the establishment of New South Wales. It is associated with important Marsden family and other prominent people such as Piter Campbell, William Woolls, Thomas Bowden, Percival Waddy and the Kings School. It is associated with the early development of Parramatta. SHR Criteria c) Broughton House is a noteable example of a Victorian Regency style [Aesthetic Significance] house, set in large grounds. It demonstrates the importance of location and address, being sited on the north side of Parramatta River. SHR Criteria d) Broughton House is valued by the community, which is demonstrated [Social Significance] by their concern for its future. It has strong ties with Kings School and was a place that educated many students between 1916 and 1942. SHR Criteria e) Broughton House provides an example of the interior and exterior [Research Potential] construction materials and decoration of its time. It has archaelogical potential to reveal details about the original garden layout, remnant structues and how the property was used over time. It has been suggested that broughton House was designed by Verge. SHR Criteria f) Broughton House is the sole remaining home of a series of quality [Rarity] residences which faced south over the Parramatta River such as the Vinyard (Subiaco), Newlands (Athole), Pemberton Grange and Waddon Estate (Palmer Family). SHR Criteria g) Broughton House represents the type of residence constructed by [Representativeness] the wealthier free settlers of NSW.

Integrity/Intactness: Broughton House is largely intact. The interior retains many of the

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original features. Some alterations have been made to accommodate Health Department requirements. Two faceted bows to the western side have been removed.

Assessment Criteria Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended Management Recommendations

Management Category Description Date Updated Recommended Management Produce a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) Recommended Management Carry out an Archaeological Assessment Recommended Management Prepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines

Procedures /Exemptions

Section Action Description Title Comments of Act Date 57(2) Exemption to Standard SCHEDULE OF STANDARD EXEMPTIONS Sep 5 allow work Exemptions HERITAGE ACT 1977 2008 Notice of Order Under Section 57 (2) of the Heritage Act 1977

I, the Minister for Planning, pursuant to subsection 57 (2) of the Heritage Act 1977, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales, do by this Order:

1. revoke the Schedule of Exemptions to subsection 57 (1) of the Heritage Act made under subsection 57(2) and published in the Government Gazette on 22 February 2008; and

2. grant standard exemptions from subsection 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977, described in the Schedule attached.

FRANK SARTOR Minister for Planning Sydney, 11 July 2008

To view the schedule click on the Standard Exemptions for Works Requiring Heritage Council Approval link below.

Standard Exemptions for Works Requiring Heritage Council Approval

Listings

Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page Heritage Act - State Heritage 01302 01 Oct 99 114 9694 Register Local Environmental Plan 564 27 Feb 97 901 National Trust of Australia 9235 register

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Title Year Number Author Inspected by Guidelines Used City of Parramatta Heritage Study 1993 564 Meredith Walker Yes

References, Internet links & Images

Internet Type Author Year Title Links Written Rosen, Sue 2007 Australia's Oldest House - Surgeon John Harris and Experiment Farm Cottage Written Brown, Shylie 1999 State Heritage Inventory form Written Liston, Carol 1996 Parramatta - A Past Revealed Written Thompson M 1996 William Woolls, A Man of Parramatta Written Gibney H & 1987 A Biographical Register 1788-1939 Smith A Written Proudfoot, 1974 Heritage Study of the City of Parramatta Helen Written Teale R 1967 A Brave New World In the Australian Bush: the Anglican Diocese of Bathurst & its first Bishop, Samuel E Marsden Written King H & 1967 Australian Dictionary of Biography Goodin V Written Land Title Office documents

Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

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Data Source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Heritage Office Database Number: 5051402 File Number: S91/02443/1

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.

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Wavertree

Item Name of Item: Wavertree Type of Item: Built Group/Collection: Residential buildings (private) Category: House Primary Address: 10 New Zealand Street, East Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local Govt. Area: Parramatta Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number LOT 3 - DP 211226

All Addresses

Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type 10 New Zealand Street East Parramatta Parramatta Primary

Statement of The house Wavertree is of significance for the local area for its historical and aesthetic values, for its association with Captain Fairclough and his father in Significance Law James Houison (builder of this house) and as a representative and rare example of large Victorian Georgian style house in the local area.

Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.

Description Construction Years: 1840 - Physical Fine early Victorian sandstone house in the Houison manner of a single storey Description: with cellar and atti, located on a rise it would have originally had views across the Parramatta River. French doors open to a flagged verandah with paired wooden posts, stop chamfered, in the James Houison style. Slate roof on ashlar sandstone walls. Roof hipped, with gable extension on west (rear) elevation with gabled dormers in rear of roof, above presumed early kitchen. Three tall sandstone chimneys set diagonally on base with steps adn a shorter rendered chimney at rear with brick cowl. Corrugated iron skillion across part of rear elevation enclosing a room and verandah. Verandah is skillion, hip, with slate roof, across front and returns to both side elevations (signs of earlier verandah skillion across front only), with sandstone flagging. Windows have sandstone sills. Exterior doors have transom light over French doors with simple timber moulded panels below and glazed margin bar panes above. Transom light also above six-panelled front door with simple timber moulded panels, original door furniture and bell in wall beside door, flanked by paired

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coach lights. A very large cellar beneath house. High paling fence with a tongue and groove timber gate. Physical Condition and/or National Trust (Parramatta Branch): Excellent. Archaeological Potential: Modifications and National Trust (Parramatta Branch) supplied Year Started. Dates: Further CPS, PRS Information:

History Historical Notes: The site is part of Samuel Marsden's grant of 112 acres. Built by James Houison as a wedding present for his daughter Annie who married Capain Hugh Fairclough in 1862. Fairclough called it Wavertree after his birthplace. National Trust (Parramatta Branch): MW says built for daughter Annie and given as gift on wedding to Hugh Fairclough, who named house after his birthplace in Scotland. The house was built twenty years before Annie's wedding which was in 1862. Palm trees across the road originally formed driveway from Parramatta River to cottage.(ref:.: Shylie Brown) | |

Assessment of Significance SHR Criteria a) This item historically significant. [Historical Significance] SHR Criteria b) This item has a significance level of association [Associative Significance] SHR Criteria c) This item is aesthetically significant [Aesthetic Significance] SHR Criteria f) This item is rare [Rarity] SHR Criteria g) This item is representative. [Representativeness]

Assessment Criteria Items are assessed against the to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Listings

Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page Local Environmental 21 Feb 97 Plan Study Details

Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by Used City of Parramatta Heritage 1993 405 Meredith Walker Yes Study

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Parramatta Heritage 2004 National Trust (Parramatta No Review Branch)

References, Internet links & Images None Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

Data Source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Local Government Database Number: 2240405

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.

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Palms

Item Name of Item: Palms Type of Item: Landscape Group/Collection: Parks, Gardens and Trees Category: Tree groups - avenue of Primary Address: 5, 7, 9, (rear) Rangihou Crescent, East Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local Govt. Area: Parramatta Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number LOT 4 - DP 27317 LOT 5 - DP 27317 LOT 6 - DP 27317

All Addresses

Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type 5, 7, 9, (rear) Rangihou Crescent East Parramatta Parramatta Primary

Statement of Row of palms at Rangihou Crescent is of local significance for its associaiton with Wavertree, the house at 10 New Zealand Street. Significance Date Significance Updated: 19 Mar 02 Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.

Description Physical Description: Row of five palm trees at the back of house allotments, a survivor of the previous occupation of the site, and originally driveway entrance to Wavertree (10 New Zealand Street). Further Information: Subd plans (ML) - Parramatta; Water Board plans

History Historical Notes: Land subdivided as lot 44 of Revd Samuel Marsden's Estate circa 1840. In November 1926, a series of stable buildings, at the rear of a house named "Everton" facing New Zealand Street occupied most of these allotments prior to the current subdivision National Trust (Parramatta Branch): |

Assessment of Significance

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SHR Criteria a) This item historically significant. [Historical Significance]

Assessment Criteria Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Listings

Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page Local Environmental 463 21 Feb 97 20 873 Plan Study Details

Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by Used City of Parramatta Heritage 1993 463 Meredith Walker Yes Study Parramatta Heritage 2004 National Trust (Parramatta No Review Branch)

References, Internet links & Images None Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

Data Source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Local Government Database Number: 2240463

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.

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Wetlands

Item Name of Item: Wetlands Type of Item: Landscape Group/Collection: Landscape - Natural Category: Wetland or river Primary Address: Parramatta River, Camelia, Clyde, Rydalmere, Ermington, NSW Local Govt. Area: Parramatta Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number All Addresses

Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type Parramatta River Camelia, Clyde, Rydalmere, Ermington Parramatta Primary System Camelia, Clyde, Rydalmere, Ermington Parramatta Alternate

Statement of The wetlands along Parramatta River are of significance for Parramatta area as remnant representative areas of mangroves and salt marshes Significance which once extensively lined the foreshores and tidal water flats of the region.

Description Physical Description: This item consists of remnant wetland vegetation, characterised by mangrove and saltmarsh complex, located along the foreshores of Parramatta and Duck rivers and their tributaries, Vineyard and Subiaco creeks. Further Information: Parramatta Regional Enviromental Study. Open Space and Recreation Heritage Study. Department of Enviroment and Planning Sydney. 1986

Assessment of Significance SHR Criteria g) This item is representative. [Representativeness]

Assessment Criteria Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of

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statutory protection.

Listings

Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page Local Environmental 429 21 Feb 97 20 873 Plan Study Details

Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by Used City of Parramatta Heritage 1993 429 Meredith Walker Yes Study Parramatta Heritage 2004 National Trust (Parramatta No Review Branch)

References, Internet links & Images None Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

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Data Source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Local Government Database Number: 2240429

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.

http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_04_2.cfm?itemid=2240429 9/08/2012 Newlands Gates, Trees and Archaeological Site | NSW Environment &... http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetai...

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Newlands Gates, Trees and Archaeological Site

Item details Name of item: Newlands Gates, Trees and Archaeological Site Other name/s: Macarthur Girls High Type of item: Built Group/Collection: Education Category: School - Private Primary address: 1 Macarthur Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local govt. area: Parramatta

Property description Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number

LOT 1 DP 797543

All addresses Street Address Suburb/town LGA Parish County Type

1 Macarthur Street Parramatta Parramatta Primary Address

9 Thomas Street Parramatta Parramatta Alternate Address

Statement of significance: Newlands House site and Gates are of significance for the local area for historical and aesthetic reasons and as a representative example of a Colonial Georgian gate, a rare example of this age and quality in the local area. The remnant fabric continues to make a major contribution to the Parramatta townscape. The site possesses potential to further contribute to an understanding of early urban development in Parramatta. Date significance updated: 05 Mar 02 Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.

Description Physical description: The significant elemetns on the site include archaeological site, plantings and the remanant gates. Large sandstone gateposts and a row of Bunya pines along Macarthur Street are remnants of the occupation prior to the school. The site is bounded by Thomas Street, Parramatta River, Stewart Street and Macarthur Street. The site of Newlands House (demolished in 1932, gates only remain) has archaeological potential. Surviving fence comprises four tall sandstone gateposts topped with segmented pediments on steps. Below are incised stem and leaf pattern in pedestals with picked background. Cast iron Fleur-de-lis palisade pedestrian and driveway gates. Further information: J. Jervis, Cradle City, 32, 91.

History Historical notes: The gateway is associated with the residence of Henry Harvey, a prominent landowner in the Parramatta district. The original house was known as "Newlands" and was built c.1835 for the Marsden Family. Macarthur Girls High School was built on the site in the early 1930s. National Trust (Parramatta Branch): The gateway is associated with the residence of tHenry Harvey, a prominent landowner in the Parramatta ditrict. The original house was known as "Newlands" and built for the Marsden family in 1835. Macarthur Girls High School was built on the site in 1932. | |

Assessment of significance SHR Criteria a) This item historically significant. [Historical significance]

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SHR Criteria c) This item is aesthetically significant [Aesthetic significance] SHR Criteria e) This item is technically or scientifically significant. [Research potential] SHR Criteria f) This item is rare. [Rarity] Assessment criteria: Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Listings Heritage Listing Listing Title Listing Number Gazette Date Gazette Number Gazette Page

Local Environmental Plan 354 21 Feb 97 20 873

Study details Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by used

City of Parramatta Heritage 1993354 Meredith Walker Yes Study

Parramatta Heritage Review 2004 National Trust (Parramatta No Branch)

References, internet links & imagess None

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

Data source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Local Government Database 2240354 number:

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Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.

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