I I

I " I I HISTORICAL AN,AL VSIS I I RAN S'TO'RES

I RVDALMERE I i I I APRIL 1996 I I I I I WENDYTHORP I . :.; " . I I I I I I Historical Analysis: Ryr;Jalmere Naval Stores

I 1.0 I INTRODUCTION The following analysis defines the development of the Navy Stores site at Rydalmere from first settlement until the present day. The evidence is drawn from I primary documents and some secondary sources; a full list is supplied in the bibliography. The discussion is presented in a number of phases each of which I reflects a major period of change or evolution. These phas~s are: I Phase I: Pre- 1788, The Pre-Existing Environment and the Original Occupants Phase 11: 1788 - 1848, Alienation and the Vineyard Estate

I Phase Ill: 1848 -1927, Subdivision and Small Farms I Phase IV: 1927 - 1943, The Broadoaks Estate I Phase V: 1943 - 1990, Military Uses Phase VI: 1990 - 1996, General Stores I I I I I I I I I I I Wendy Thorp Page 1 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 2.0 I HISTORICAL ANALVSIS 2.1 Phase I: Pre- 1788

I The Pre-Existing Environment and the Original Occupants

The site of the Navy Stores is included within the greater Cumberland Plains I environment and, more specifically, it was a typical portion of the River eco-system prior to European intervention. Like most of the surrounding areas it was bordered by mud flats and mangroves with, above High Water Mark, marshy I land that supported shrubs such as glass wort and sea blite as well as native grasses such as Kangaroo Grass (1). The earliest survey maps of the area show the site to have had a few low rises which are likely to have supported stands of I trees including Iron Barks, Turpentine, Box, Rough Barked Apple and Kurrajongs I (2). Later settlers would describe how the mud flats along the river were a haven for marine life; myriads of small crabs and balloon fish were found in this area and the I river was especially plentiful with bream and mullet (3). The marshy areas were a refuge for migratory birds and further back from the swamp land other varieties included whip birds, bell birds, kookaburras, quail, wild duck and snipe (4). The I area also was noted for its native cats, flying foxes and dingoes as well as its plentiful insect life. Large numbers and varieties of scorpions, caterpillars, I mosquitoes, ants and flies were seen as well as seyeral types of snakes (5). The naturalist George Bennet described the environment surrounding and including the study area in 1834 as being of barren soil though heavily wooded I and particularly noteworthy for its wild flowers, native orchids being especially plentiful (6). Early settlers in the district were similarly impressed with the profusion I of flowers. With the rich natural resources available here it is not supr.ising that this area was I home to Aboriginal peoples for thousands of years. At the time of white settlement thirty-four clans occupied lands in and around . Those most closely associated with Rydalmere were the Wangal people or clan although association I with a particular tribe, Guringai, Eora or Dharug, is problematic. There are many recorded impressions of the original occupants of this area. by the first white settlers and explorers to reach it. A number of archaeological sites of Aboriginal I occupation have been recorded in the area although none are known to exist within the study area. I I -I Wendy Thorp Page 2 I I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 2.2 Phase 11: 1788 - 1848 I Alienation and the Vineyard Estate The first explorers of the in the area of Rydalmere were Governor Phillip accompanied by Lieutenant Bradley in 1788. They described how I they and several others took boats up to this point of the river and explored inland for several miles. The site of the stores was first alienated for European I occupation in 1791. In this year Phillip Schaffer was awarded a Crown Grant of 140 acres which encompassed the site. Schaffer extensively developed his land as a farm and, particularly, as a vineyard after which it was named liThe Vineyard I Estate". It cannot be determined whether the study area was used in any way at this time but, on the basis of later evidence, it would seem not; the quality of the land was not conducive to extensive development. The focus of the estate was I around a house built by Schaffer, replaced in 1792 with a brick structure, to the west of the study area (1).

I While Schaffer was developing his estate the land surrounding his grant was gradually alienated in the form of farms of varying sizes. The Ermington district was largely divided between several grants made to ma'rines in 1792. The I occupation of the owners gave rise to the name The !=ield of Mars (2). I By the later 1790s most of the original grantees had sold or bartered their lands. Schaffer sold his estate in 1798 to Captain Waterhouse. Most of the smaller Ermington farms were purchased at about the same time by larger capitalists. '. I I Waterhouse left the colony in 1800 and by 1802 the Vineyard Estate was occupied by William Cox. Later Gregory Blaxland used the house (3). In 1812 Waterhouse, who had used the Vineyard Estate as his home farm with a merino I stud located across the river, sold the property to Hannibal Macarthur. Macarthur was then in the process of purchasing most of the current area of Dundas and Hydalmere. Macarthur made the Vineyard Estate his home property and I constructed the mansion later named "Subiaco", to the west of the study area, in 1836. Close by several other large estates had been formed including the I Ermington Estate and Broadoaks Estate (4) It is likely that the study area remained undeveloped by Macarthur principally because of the quality of the land. The latter largely comprised mud flats and I marshy land. In 1833 Thomas Mltchell surveyed this part of the Parramatta River preparatory to it being improved for river transport. His survey plan shows Macarthur's house and, further to the east, a mill. The ,study area is shown to be a I low mud flat with shallow rises at High Water Mark. Mitchell proposed a cut to be made through the land at this point to make navigation easier around a particularly I difficult bend in the river. The work was not carried out or at least not to the extent that was proposed by this plan (5).

I By the 1840s Australia had been plunged into a severe economic recession. Many went bankrupt and large land holders, especially those who had overcapitalised in I the boom years of the 1830s, were hard hit. Hannibal Macarthur like many of his Wendy Thorp Page 3

I------' I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I contemporaries was forced to sell his estate. In 1848 the Vineyard Estate was sold to Thomas Iceley for 4500 pounds. Shortly after Iceley sold it to the Catholic Church and the Benedictine order of nuns occupied the former estate house now I renamed "Subiaco" (6). I I I I I I I I I I I I -I I I I Wendy Thorp Page 4 I I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores .

I 2.3 Phase Ill: 1848 - 1927 I Subdivision and Small Farms The new owners of the Vineyard Estate made Subiaco their home and retained a I portion of the land around it. The majority of the estate, however, was sold or leased, principally to small farmers. This was the case with the study area. By 1859 the land along the river at this pqint had been subdivided and the study area I was divided essentially between two owners (1).

By 1878 the land bordering Subiaco to the east, and encompassing the study I area, appears to have changed hands and had been further subdivided with three large allotments located along the river front. The study area was included in the eastern-most two lots. Some smaller properties bordered what was then named I Wharf Street, now Spurway Street. Other streets had been formed to the north of the study area (2). All this land was, at that time, put up for sale generally in lots of twenty to twenty-four acres. There is no indication that any improvements had I been made to these lots.

I Further subdivisions occurred in the area in the 1880s but there is no evidence to suggest that the study area was settled or used in any significant way. This is I certainly because of the quality of the land. By the turn of the century it is likely that some reclamation had occurred in the area of Spurway Street, probably initiated by the Sydney Harbour Trust newly I formed in 1901. A survey of 1904 shows the wharf at the end of Spurway Street to be on reclaimed land (3). However, despite the subdivision, the development of the surrounding district and the river improvements, until the 1920s, the land lay I unused and unoccupied. I I I I I I I Wendy Thorp Page 5

I.~------I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 2.4 Phase IV: 1927 - 1943 I The Broadoaks Estate The optimistic financial climate of the 1920s andoa rapidly expanding suburban I market made viable by the expansion of the railway network encouraged many speculators, experienced or otherwise, to invest in land. The future RAN Stores site attracted interest for this reason. It was to become an object lesson in every I pitfall that could trap the inexperienced developer. 1I In 1928 John Bridge Ltd., a first time speculator of this type, placed a scheme before the Sydney Harbour Trust whereby the land at this point along the river was to be reclaimed and developed for residential properties. John Bridge, prior to his launch into land development, had been in the wool business. He proceeded with I great enthusiasm for his new calling. In 1925 he acquired Subiaco and then the Fairmount Estate for speculative development. In 1927 he purchased a property from Charles William Curtis for 20,270 pounds (1). This, the Broadoaks Estate, I encompassed all of the study area as well as the land to the north. In total it included an area of a little over 112 acres which was described as "mainly I swampy ground" (2). The Sydney Harbour Trust approved of the Company's reclamation plan in 1928. I The principal features of the scheme were that the Trust was to build a sea-wall 2500 feet long and reclaim the land behind it. The river in front was to be deepened by dredging. The company was to contribute 6500 pounds to this work I and would be responsible for constructing roads and drainage on the new land. The Company would retain the balance of the land except for a 100 feet wide strip I along the river front (3). The work commenced almost immediately and just as quickly the Sydney Harbour Trust ran into difficulties with the reclamation works. Adjustments to the project I exceeded its estimated cost. The Company offered a further 3000 pounds to off-set the increased costs. The Trust accepted the scheme and John Bridge Ltd. paid 2000 pounds of their promised 3000 pounds. An immediate victim of the I Depression the Company went into liquidation without payment of the final thousand pounds to the Trust (5). John Bridge appears to have been in some financial trouble since 1927 at which time a mortgage had been taken out on the I Broadoaks property (6). The mortgage was transferred to a new mortgagee in I 1933 (7). Claimed to be developed "with consummate concern for the housing of many hundreds of families in signally domestic contentmenf' (8) the estate was an early I example of a later favoured Sydney practice, selling from the plan. The company sold eleven lots almost immediately, and many "lucrative offers" had been made (9); it was forced to stop sales in 1928 as it was unable to lodge the plan for the I estate with the Registrar General's Office. The DMR was, at that time, widening to eight-four feet and several Council's were considering the I question of building a bridge across the Parrramatta River at the site of the estate. Wendy Thorp / Page 6

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I The uncertainties of the boundaries and the easements across the site caused by these several factors precluded lod,gement of the deposited plan (10). It was, in I fact, to remain undeposited throughout the Depression and World War 11. Despite this less than promising beginning the Sydney Harbour Trust continued its I work increasing the height of the sea-wall to nine feet above High Water Mark (11). Behind the wall the swamp had been drained, the rock base cleared and then raised by over seven feet with ocean sand. This was then levelled for building I (12). In 1932 the Trust informed the Company that the work was completed and requested the final payment of one thousand pounds. By that time costs amounted to 22,187 pounds (13). The Liquidators for the Company informed the I Trust that the claim was impossible to honour. They offered, in lieu of the full amount, 750 pounds which was to be paid in six months (14).

I By 1938 the Company had not paid even the 750 pounds despite several requests from the Maritime Services Board (which had superseded the Sydney Harbour Trust in 1935). The principal of the Company informed the Board that he was I trying to find new capital to refinance the company. The Board, not surprisingly, I treated this new information with scepticism. Several years passed with the land still lying vacant. The outbreak of war in 1939 deflected attention although, during this time, the company tried to recoup its I losses. In 1942 John Bridge Ltd. subm itted the site to the Federal Government as a possible location for factory purposes (15). At the same time approaches were made to the American firm of Lease Lend with a proposal for reconversion of the I factories at the end of the war to peace-time uses. At the time other creditors were pressing the company for payment of outstanding moneys (16).

I The greater national need, however, put a stop to the Company's plans. In 1943 the site was resumed for Commonwealth purposes. As the Pacific became the principal arena for war Au'stralia emerged with a prominent role for supplying the I armies and fleets converging on the area. The Rydalmere site was sought for this purpose and the company was forced, very much against its will, to accept a rental per annum of thirty pounds which was described as "grossly inequitable" (17). The I Commonwealth acquired all of the Broadoaks Estate and part of the 100 feet wide river-front strip owned by the Maritime Services Board. The Commonwealth I Government paid the Maritime Services Board the 1000 pounds outstanding from its arrangements with John Bridge Ltd (18). The formal annexation of the estate for military purposes was made in 1945 although the site had been occupied since I 1943 (19).

The Liquidators for the company, taking this development in their stride, continued I to consider the future use of the site (and the return of capital) for the company at the time when the Commonwealth would vacate the land. Describing for potential investors the excellence of the estate in pre ...war times for housing purposes now, I using the development for military needs as proof of the desirability of the estate for factory purposes, it was claimed to be the pre-em inent industrial site for the I I Wendy Thorp Page? I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I future, the source of well-being for local residents and the key to future profit for I the local Council; "We maintain that the entire 8roadoaks Estate has no rival along the water frontages of Sydney; also that its industrial potentialities are of full significance to I the domestic well-being of several thousands of assured dwellers on the residential portion of 8roadoaks Estate and its associated other larger developed areas with al/ the land of singular fertility. Of such 8roadoaks is the centre and the I key to the ascendancy of the municipality concerned herein to a foremost status as an industrial area and, as is rarely coincidental, as a visibly exceptional :I residentiallocalityll (20) .

Throughout this intense period of marketing the Liquidators and the principal of the Company of John Bridge Ltd. were maintaining a constant rear-guard action I against the Commonwealth Government which, by that time, was considering the permanent occupation of the estate. Relations with the Government and the Company had not been cordial. Apparently insensible to the pressing needs of the I country and its allies in war-time Mr Bridge himself had described the Commonwealth's acquisition of the estate as a "peremptory stand and delivery I collaring of 8roadoaks, respecting which we were plainly told that we had no alternative... "(21 ).

I Mr Bridge argued that the deployment of tanks and other heavy machinery would ruin the land and, despite the questionable history of the site, claimed that if not for "prohibiting regulations I would have two thousand houses in erection for workers" I (22). In letters to various influential parliamentary figures and senior public servants he described his staunch Labour Party ties, casually referred to his friendship with "Ben" (Chifley, the Prime Minister) an9 described his "lifetime of I humanitarian works" of which the estate was yet another example. These factors were all considered to be grounds for righting what he perceived to be a most bitter wrong. The Liquidators informed the Government that Mr Bridge had only I entered the land speculation business on behalf of a number of persons who had approached him for help to build their homes (23); for these commendable I reasons he was being persecuted. As the war progressed and the correspondence between John Bridge Ltd, its I Liquidators and the Commonwealth Government grew even more extensive and acrimonious, there were signs that the Company was growing more desperate. In the last years of the war John Bridge proposed selling the estate to the I Commonwealth for post-war housing at a cost of 125,000 pounds (24). By that time it appears that the land to the north of the Stores site, still part of the Broadoaks Estate, had been tentatively ear-marked by the State Housing I Commission for post-war housing purposes (25).

By the end of the war the Commonwealth Government had decided that it wished I to permanently occupy the Broadoaks Estate. To that end it made an offer of compensation to John Bridge Ltd in 1944. This was declined and the matter I I Wendy Thorp Page 8 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I lapsed until 1946 at which time an offer of 12,684 pounds was made to the company. This was also declined and it became inevitable that the matter could I only be settled in court (26). By this time John Bridge was claiming over 79,000 pounds in compensation which I was estimated as follows: 1I Unimproved value of the land: 16,276-2-4 pounds Reclamation: 31,239-12-3 pounds

I Drainage: 3506-18-9 pounds

I Top Dressing: 739-3-0 I Clearing mangroves: 413-14-7 pounds Road making: 1250-13-6

I Fencing: 266-11-4 pounds

I Inspections: 62-11-9 (27)

Officials from the Department of Interior noted in response that the dredging and I reclamation had been carried out by the MSB and the company still owed that authority money for the work. The roads were on the portion acquired by the State Housing Commission (28). An offer of over 9000 pounds in compensation was I also declined by the company.

The case was not to be settled until 1952 at which time, instead of the 79,000 I pounds, the company was awarded 5763-1-2 pounds. The Taxation Department acquired 64 pounds and one of the company's mortgagees was awarded 949 pounds (29). It is unknown if John Bridge Ltd. continued a career in land I development after this time. I I I I I I Wendy Thorp Page 9 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 2.5 Phase V: 1943 -1990 :1 Military Uses I While the paper war continued with John Bridge Ltd. the site at Rydalmere was I resumed for defence purposes in 1943. Originally intended as a camp for over ten thousand US servicemen (1) it was soon found to be more valuable as a supply store for the US Army, specifically the HQ of US Army Services of Supply I S.W.P.A. Base Section No. 7. Several improvements were made to the site for this purpose, some to make good the inadequate services and work done as part of the residential development and some specifically to accommodate the special I use of the site. The latter essentially encompassed the construction of seven large Nissen-style warehouses with a supporting infrastructure of services, roads and I river connections. One of the first works undertaken for military purposes was the construction of a timber wharf which was to simultaneously serve three, sixty feet barges. Two I schemes were submitted but the US authorities decided on a third whereby a wharf forty feet in length with two approaches was built off-shore; space between the wharf and shore was filled with spoil. This plan was put to tender and a local I company built the structure in 1943 (2) at a cost of 10,000 pounds, one thousand I pounds less than the estimated price (3). The plan for the site was drawn in the office of the Base Section Engineer but it is clear that funding, final approval and details were supplied by the American I authorities; several references were made to a need to confirm additional expenditure with the US authorities. The original estimate of 146,000 pounds, prepared by those authorities, was found to be several thousand pounds short of I the final project costs for several reasons (4).

The buildings, described as igloo-shaped and covered with corrugated fibro I sheets, cost approximately 13,500 pounds per store. The original estimate prepared by the US authorities was for a total of 66,000 pounds. A cost plus fixed fee contract for the work was let to Concrete Construction Pty Ltd. for 77,682 I pounds which included the fee. The additional 11 ,682 pounds had come about through several alterations and additions made during the course of construction I as well as problems with the site itself. In the first instance it was found that, owing to the water-logged nature of the I sub-soil, it was necessary to revise the footings. Arches were built in such a manner that less excavation was required; these changes cost 490 pounds. During construction the US authorities instructed that all corrugated iron used on I the project be given one coat of B.A.L.M. "Silo Grey'! paint on both sides prior to erec~ion and a further coat externally applied after erection. This cost an additional 6217 pounds. After completion the US Army requested that office partitions and I water service fittings be installed in each building at an additional cost of 582 pounds. A revised detail for the sky-light black out screens and catwalks added I another 280 pounds (5). I Wendy Thorp Page 10 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I The original estimate for the construction of roads, 9600 pounds, was well short of the final total of 15,200 pounds. The first estimate had been based on a need for approximately 14,000 square yards of new roads constructed on a broken stone I base with blue metal screening and sealing as well as part forming and sealing 13,000 square yards of existing roads. The budget blow-out occurred because it 1I was found during construction that, had the original scheme proceeded, the finished roads would have been below the water table and subject to flooding. The revised plan required an additional 10% more road works. As well, after I consultation with the US Army, it was decided to raise the height of the north road by one foot. Additional work included the reconditioning of Spurway Street and River Road which involved the construction of sub-soil drains and an extra culvert I (6).

Drainage, which included drains, latrines and septic tanks, was one of the main I causes of the extra expenditure brought about principally by the inadequacy of the existing drainage. This problem was found after the work commenced; the drainage on the site was only adequate for a portion of the storm water. Additional I drainage was needed on the eastern side of the site as well as lining an open drain with bricks. The existing drainage needed reconditioning and there were I variations made in the design of the latrines and the septic tanks (7). Dredging works were required in the river and this cost 3976 pounds, the original I price being 550 pounds. Labour also proved to be a problem the original estimate not having considered issues such as award wages, holiday pay and wet weather. I An additional 10,601 pounds was added to the bill for this reason (8). Despite these expensive outlays some savings were made on the project. The cranes were purchased for 3305 pounds, much less that the estimated 7250 I pounds. The difference had been made possible by the supply of second hand cranes, new machines being unavailable at the time. Supply of electricity to the site was also done under budget for 2018 pounds rather than 6000 pounds. The I location of mains closer to the site than originally identified explained the saving. Electricity was supplied by the Parramatta and Granville Electric Co. Ltd.

I By 1944 the final costs for the building were totalled as: I Buildings: 94,104 pounds I Roads: 17,100 pounds Wharf: 11,350 pounds

I Dredging: 4475 pounds

I Electricity: 2273 pounds I Water: 3000 pounds I Wendy Thorp Page 11 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I Drainage: 10,000 pounds I Cranes: 3695 pounds (9). During the final years of the war the site acted as a major supply base for the US I Army but once the war finished it was redundant. Curiously, it was noted by Officers of the Department of the Interior that, "no special arrangements have been made with regard to the ownership of any buildings which have been created I since the Commonwealth took possession" (10). It is also clear that no special arrangements had been made for extensive maintenance of the buildings. The only details of works on the buildings were prepared in 1945 at which time all the I stores were painted both inside and out (11) and in the following year No 6 store was reglazed and the outside was painted (12).

I In 1945 the Australian Army made clear its desire to permanently acquire the site a decision which initiated the court case with John Bridge Ltd. In 1946 the area north of the site was transferred to the Department of Works and Housing (13). By I July 1947 it was reported that the Australian Army had handed over the site to the Royal Australian Navy, the latter indicating that they regarded the site as an I important post-war naval requirement (14). The transfer appears to have taken some time although the Navy certainly used some of the buildings for storage almost immediately. At an auction held of war-time munitions in October 1947 it I was noted that RAN stores were already held at that time (15).

There is little documentary evidence for the use of the site by the Navy although, I in the post-war years, the buildings have been used for storage of non-explosive materiel generally heavy machinery and equipment used in the repair of ships at I Garden Island. The stores were shipped there from Rydalmere along the river. The few records for this period indicate that the managers of the site were coming to terms with the increasing suburbanisation of the area. In 1951 the electricity I substation and transformer, located behind No 4 store, was sold to Sydney Country Council for 161 pounds after being declared surplus by the Navy (16). In I 1956 the Navy co-operated with the Department of Housing in fencing their common boundary (17). In 1962 a portion of the site was surrendered to the DMR as part of the work needed to build the new Silverwater Bridge across the I Parramatta River (18). Additional land was ceded in 1965 for for further DMR road works (19).

I In 1985 there was some suggestion made of the Navy disposing of the site. It was considered by local residents that the removal of the stores would be a positive move for the area as it provided an opportunity for redevelopment. However, the I proposal lapsed for several years although the stores were progressively less used by the Navy in this period. I I I Wendy Thorp Page 12 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 2.6 Phase VI: 1990 -1996 I General Stores Since 1990 the stores site has been leased to Prix Car which has used the site for I the storage of vehicles which are brought to the site by road. This has caused some tension amongst local residents. The lessees have also had some negative reaction from Parramatta Council over their construction of unauthorised sheds on I the site. Apart from the unofficial improvements to the site the only major change to it has been the removal of the wharf in 1990 as part of a river improvements scheme. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Wendy Thorp I Page 13 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 3.0 I SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTATION 3.1 Endnotes to the Text

I 3.1.1 Section 2.1 I 1.Benson and Howell,Taken for Granted. ,69 I 2. T. L. Mitchell, Survey of Red Bank, Parramatta River 1'833. 3. Mrs L. Meredith, Notes and Sketches in NSW 1839 - 1844., 151.

I 4. Ibid., 136-138 I 5. Ibid., 143-147. I 6. Benson and Howell., Lac. Cit. 3.1.2 Section 2.2

I 1. James Jervis, The Cradle City of Australia., 190 I 2. Frances Pollen, The Book of Sydney Suburbs., 166. I 3. James Jervis, Op Cit.11 4. Ibid.

I 5. T.L. Mitchell, Survey of the Parramatta River 1833 I 6. James Jervis, Op Cit., 191. 3.1.3 Section 2.3

I 1. Reuss and Brown, Map of the Subdivision of Paramatta and Environs 1859

I 2. Edward Hallen, Map of Rydalmere 1878. I 3. Survey of Spurway Street Wharf, 1904. 3.1.4 Section 2.4

I 1. Internal Memo, Department of Interior Int.55/11 (NO). Australian Archives Series SP857/3 Item PC 453/Pt1. I I Wendy Thorp Page 14 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 2. MSB to Department of Interior 1 September 1944., Ibid.

I 3. Internal Memo, Department of Interior Int.55/11 (NO). Australian Archives Series SP857/3 Item PC 453/Pt1.

I 4. Ibid.

1I 5. Ibid. I 6. CT Volume 4386 Folio 166 7. Ibid.

I 8. Sale Poster for Broadoaks Estate. Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item PC 453 Part 1

I 9. Ibid. I 10. Ibid. I 11. MSB File Card Transactions. 12. Sale Poster for Broadoaks Estate. Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item I PC 453 Part 1 13. Internal Memo, Department of Interior Int.55/11 (NO). Australian Archives I Series SP857/3 Item PC 453/Pt1. I 14. MSB Card File Transactions. 15. Department of Interior. Memo re. acquisition of Land 13 June 1945. Australian I Archives Series SP 857/3 Item PC 453 Part 1 16. CT Volume 4386 Folio 166

I 17. John Bridge to Department of Interior 2 October 1946. Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item PC 453 Part 1

I 18. MSB Card File Transactions.

I 19. Government Gazette Notice 23 August 1945

20. Sale Poster for Broadoaks Estate. Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item I PC 453 Part 1 I I Wendy Thorp Page 15 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 21. John Bridge to Department of Interior 9 March 1943. Australian Archives I Series SP 857/3 Item PC 453 Pt 1 22. Ibid.

I 23. Liquidators to Treasury 29 November 1943. Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item PC 453 Part 1 il 24. Memo Department of Interior 13 June 1945. Ibid. I 25. Ibid. I 26. Memo Department of Interior 23 August 1945. Ibid. 27. Internal Memo, Department of Interior Int.55/11 (ND). Ibid.

I 28. Ibid. I 29. Memo re. acquisition of Rydalmere Supply Depot 1952. Ibid. I 3.1.5 Section 3.5 1. John Bridge to Department of Interior 9 March 1943. Australian Archives Series I SP 857/3 Item PC 453 Part 1 2. Specification of Work at Rydalmere: Construction of a Timber Wharf for US Army Stores 15 February 1943. Australian Archives Series SP 155/1/0 Item I 34085a

3. Report of Allied Works Council- Works at USA S.O.S SWPA Rydalmere Supply I Department. 25 November 1943. Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item PC I 453 Part 1 4. Allied Council to Departm~nt of Interior 17 June 1944. Ibid.

I 5. Report of Allied Works Council- Works at USA S.O.S SWPA Rydalmere Supply Department. 25 November 1943. Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item PC I 453 Part 1 6. Ibid.

I 7. Ibid.

I 8. Ibid. I 9. Property Officer to Valuer General 13 September 1944. Ibid. I Wendy Thorp Page 16 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 10. Memo to Treasury 15 June 1943. Ibid.

11. Specification: Painting a group of seven buildings at Rydalmere 5 April 1945. I Australian Archives Series SP 155/1/0 Item DEF 41607

I 12. Specification of Works to Store 6 10 July 1946. Australian Archives Series SP 155/110 Item 42908

I 13. Memo Department of Interior 2 May 1946. Australian Archives Series SP 85713 Item PC 453 Part 1

I 14. Department of Army to Department of Navy 29 July 1947. Ibid.

I 15. Department of Navy to Department of Interior October 1947. Ibid.

16. Rydalmere High Tension Electricity Supply 1951, Australian Archives Series I SP 857/11/0 Item PS/174.

17. Naval Stores: establishment of Common Boundary. Australian Archives Series I SP 857/410 Item PD/11 0 Box 702

18. Disposal Part Site to DMR. Australian Archives Series SP 615/1/0 Item I 196011936 Box 0

I 19. MSB Memo 18 April 1965 Australian Archives Series SP 857/3/0 Item PC 453 Part 21 I I I I I I I I Wendy Thorp I Page 17 ------I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I 3.2 Bibliography I 3.2.1 Books and Reports Doug Benson and Jocelyn Howell Taken for Granted: The Bushland of Sydney and Its Suburbs I Knagaroo Press. 1990.

I James Jervis The Cradle City of,Australia: A History of Parramatta 1788 - 1961 I Council of the . 1961. Mrs Louisa Meredith Notes and Sketches in NSW 1839 - 1844 'I Facsimile Edition Ure Smith. 1973.

Frances Pollen I The Book of Sydney Suburbs I Angus and Robertson. 1988. Carol Powell A River Revisited The Parramatta River I NSW University Press. 1987. I 3.2.2 Correspondence and Miscellany

I Government Gazette Notice I 23 August 1945 p. 1809 Maritime Services Board I Card File: Transactions Broadoaks Estate Maritime Services Board . I Correspondence re. reclamation and occupation of Broadoaks Estate Australian Archives Correspondence Files Broadoaks and Rydalmere

I Series SP 857/3 Item PC 453/1

I Series SP 857/11/0 Item PS/174 Box 1316 I Series SP 857/410 Item PD/11 0 Box 702 Series SP 615/1/0 Item 196011936 Box 0 I Wendy Thorp Page 18 I I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I Series SP 15511/0 Ite, DEF 41607 .1 Series SP 857/3/0 Item PC/453 Part 2 I Series SP 155/1/0 Item 34085a Land Titles Office I CTVolume 4396 Folio 166

I 3.2.3 Maps and Plans I T.L. Mitchell Sketch of Parramatta River near Red Bank 1833 I ML M1 811.1311/1833/1 Edward Hallen Rydalmere 1878 I ML M2 811.1311/1878/1

Reuss and Browne I Map of the Subdivision of Paramatta and Environs 1859 I ML Survey of Spurway Street Wharf 1904 I MSB Archives Survey of Broadoaks Estate 1931 I MSB Archives Survey of Occupation by US Army at Broadoaks Estate 1943 I MSB Archives. Survey of Roadways at Broadoaks Estate 1948 I MSB Archives Plan of Land Fronting Broadoaks Estate 1952 I MSB Archives

Survey of Land Appropriated by DMR 1965 I MSB Archives

Plan of US Army Supply Base Rydalmere 1943 I Australian Archives Series SP857/3 Item PC453 I I Wendy Thorp Page 19 I I Historical Analysis: Rydalmere Naval Stores

I Plan Rydalmere Supply Depot ND I Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item PC 453 Part 1 Box 565 Plan of Broadoaks Residential Estate with US Army Buildings Superimposed NO I Australian Archives Series SP 857/3 Item 453 Part 1 Box 565 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Wendy Thorp I Page 20