1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta Heritage Assessment
Report prepared for Parramatta City Council March 2013
Report Register
The following report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment undertaken by Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd in accordance with its quality management system. Godden Mackay Logan operates under a quality management system which has been certified as complying with the Australian/New Zealand Standard for quality management systems AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008.
Job No. Issue No. Notes/Description Issue Date
12-0380 1 Draft Report 20 September 2012
12-0380 2 Revised Draft Report 16 October 2012
12-0380 3 Final Report 18 January 2013
12-0380 4 Revised Final Report 28 March 2013
Copyright and Moral Rights Historical sources and reference material used in the preparation of this report are acknowledged and referenced at the end of each section and/or in figure captions. Reasonable effort has been made to identify, contact, acknowledge and obtain permission to use material from the relevant copyright owners.
In accordance with the contract terms for this project GML:
vests copyright in all material produced by GML (but excluding pre-existing material and material in which copyright is held by a third party) in the client for this project (and the client’s successors in title);
retains the right to use all the material produced by GML for this project for GML’s ongoing business and for professional presentations, academic papers or publications; and
waives the Moral Rights of both GML and the project team members in this work, in accordance with the (Commonwealth) Copyright (Moral Rights) Amendment Act 2000.
Contents Page
1.0 Introduction...... 1 1..1 Project Background ...... 1 1..2 Site Location ...... 1 1..3 Community Consultation ...... 1 1..4 Limitations ...... 2 1..5 Authorship and Acknowledgements ...... 2 1..6 Abbreviations ...... 3
2.0 Statutory Context ...... 5 2..1 Preamble ...... 5 2..2 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 ...... 5 2.2.1 Due Diligence Approach ...... 6 2..3 Heritage Act 1977 ...... 6 2.3.1 The State Heritage Register ...... 7 2..4 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 ...... 7 2.4.1 Parramatta Local Environment PPlan 2011 ...... 7 2.4.2 Parramatta Development Control Plan 2011...... 9 2..5 Implications for Future Developmennt ...... 12 2..6 Endnotes ...... 12
3.0 Historical Overview ...... 13 3..1 Introduction ...... 13 3..2 Early European History (1790s–18110s) ...... 13 3..3 Marsden’s 112 Acre Grant ...... 13 3..4 Lease and Subdivision ...... 16 3..5 School and Residential Use (1865–1958) ...... 18 3..6 Parramatta City Council Depot (1958–Present) ...... 20 3..7 Endnotes ...... 37
4.0 Site Analysis ...... 39 4..1 Site Inspection ...... 39 4..2 Geotechnical Investigation ...... 40 4..3 Analysis ...... 41 4..4 Endnotes ...... 46
5.0 Aboriginal Archaeology ...... 47 5..1 Environmental Context ...... 47 5.1.1 Geology and Soils ...... 47 5.1.2 Landforms and Topography ...... 47 5.1.3 Hydrology ...... 48 5.1.4 Vegetation and Fauna ...... 48 5.1.5 Modern Land Use and Disturbance ...... 48 5..2 Aboriginal Archaeological Context ...... 49 5.2.1 Ethnohistory ...... 49 5.2.2 Relevant Local Literature ...... 50
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
5.2.3 AHIMS Search ...... 52 5.3 Assessment of Aboriginal Archaeological Potential ...... 52 5.4 Endnotes ...... 58
6.0 Historical Archaeological Assessment ...... 59 6.1 Desktop Analysis ...... 59 6.1.1 Historical Development ...... 59 6.1.2 Previous Historical Archaeological Studies ...... 60 6.2 Site Disturbance ...... 61 6.3 Assessment of Historical Archaeological Potential ...... 62 6.4 Endnotes ...... 66
7.0 Built Heritage ...... 67 7.1 Heritage Items Within the Site ...... 67 7.2 Heritage Items Within the Vicinity ...... 67 7.2.1 Broughton House: 43a Thomas Street (SHR, CPHI 1302) ...... 68 7.2.2 Wetlands: Parramatta Riveer (CPHI 1) ...... 70 7.2.3 Wavertree and Palms: 10 New Zealand Street and rear of 5, 7 & 9 Rangihou Crescent (CPHI 534, 522) ...... 71 7.2.4 Site of Rangihou Seminaryr ...... 72 7.2.5 Area of National Significance Special Area, Harris Park Precinct ...... 73 7.3 Endnotes ...... 83
8.0 Significance Assessment ...... 85 8.1 Preface ...... 85 8.2 Significance Assessment of the Subject Site ...... 85 8.2.1 Guidelines ...... 85 8.2.2 Assessing Archaeological Significance ...... 85 8.3 NSW Heritage Criteria for Assessing Signifficance ...... 86 8.3.1 Criterion A: Historical Significance ...... 86 8.3.2 Criterion B: Historical Associations ...... 86 8.3.3 Criterion C: Aesthetic Significance ...... 87 8.3.4 Criterion D: Social Significance ...... 87 8.3.5 Criterion E: Technical/Research Potential ...... 88 8.3.6 Criterion F: Rarity ...... 89 8.3.7 Criterion G: Representativeness ...... 89 8.4 Stattement of Significance...... 89 8.5 Endnotes ...... 90
9.0 Conclusions and Management Recommeendations ...... 91 9.1 Introduction ...... 91 9.2 Connclusions ...... 91 9.3 Policies and Recommendations ...... 92 9.3.1 Statutory Requirements foor Archaeological Management ...... 92 9.3.2 Management of Intangible Heritage Values ...... 93 9.3.3 Management of Heritage and Historic Views ...... 93
10.0 Appendices ...... 97
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Apppendix A ...... 99 AHIMS Search Results ...... 99 Apppendix B ...... 101 Consultation Log ...... 101 Apppendix C ...... 103 Site Timeline ...... 103 Apppendix D ...... 105 Historical Bibliography ...... 105 Apppendix E ...... 107 Heritage Listing Sheets and Parramatta LEP 2011 Heritage Mapa ...... 107
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Project Background
Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd (GML) has been engaged by Parramatta City Council (PCC) to prepare an Aboriginal archaeological due diligence assessment, historical archaeological assessment and built heritage assessment for the 1A Morton Street Depot, prior to its de-acquisition by PCC.
Thee purpose of this report is to:
outline whether the study area has Aboriginal or historical archaeollogical potential and/or heritage significance;
identify statutory requirements for the future management of these values; and
develop management policies to guide any future development of the site to mitigate any potential archaeological and/or heeritage impacts.
This report has been prepared in accordance with the following documents:
Due Diligence Code of Practice for the Protection of Aboriginal Objeccts in New South Wales (DECCW 2010);
NSW Heritage Manual, Archaeological Assessments (NSW Heritage Office 1996);
Assessing Significance for Historical Archaeological Sites and Relics (NSW Heritage Branch 2009);
New South Wales Heritage Manual Update Assessing Heritage Signiifficance (NSW Heritage Office 2001); and
The Burra Charter: Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Siignificance 1999 (Burra Charter).
This report provides some managgement recommendations regarding how to manage archaeological potential, built heritage values and intangible heritage valuees associated with the site. The management recommendations respond to statutory requirements under the Heritage Act 1977 (NSW) (Heritage Act) and the Natiioonal Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW) (NPW Act), as well as best practice approaches to managing heritage values, including intangible values. 1.2 Site Location
Thee 1A Morton Street Depot is located on Morton Street, Parramatta, New South Wales (NSW). Figure 1.1 shows the general location and Figure 1.2 shows the extent of the subject site. The site is bounded by Morton Street to the east, Rangihou Reserve to the south, resiidential lots to the west, and Parramatta Nursing Home to the norrth. 1.3 Community Consultation
Adherence to the OEH document Abboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010 is not a requirement of the due diligence process. PCC requested that
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 1
consultation with the Aboriginal community be undertaken as part of the projject. Aboriginal stakeholders known by the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) for the Western Sydney area, PCC’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advisory Committee, and a number off other Aboriginal stakeholders known to PCC, were invited to be involved in consultation and attend a site visit for this project. All registered Aboriginal stakeholders were provided with a copy of thee draft report, and were invited to review and make comments on the draft. All responses received supported the conclusions and recommendations of this reeport. Details of consultation with the Aboriginal community are provided at Appendix B.
GML has undertaken limited consultation with Maori community representatives, including members of Nga Uri O Rahiri Inc. Nga Uri O Rahiri Inc have an existing relationship with PCC, developed through cooperation in hosting a bi-annual cultural festival commemorating the histtory of Maori and Parramatta at Rangihou Reserve. Nga Uri O Rahiri also maintain cultural links with Nga Puhi leaders in New Zealand.
Consultation with other external stakeholders has not been undertaken by GML and does not form a part of this brief. 1.4 Limitations
This report is an assessment of Aboriginal archaeology, historical archaeology and built heritage values at 1A Morton Street. It does not provide an impact assessment in responsee to any particular redevelopment design or concept plan.
As this report was prepared in accordance with OEH’s due diligence guidelines, it does not include an assessment of Aboriginal archaeological significance (either scientifiic or cultural)).
Full consultation with the Aboriginal community, in accordance with OEH document Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010 was not within the scope of this report.
This study does not incorporate a detailed social significance assessment as only limited consultation with representatives of the Maori community has been undertaken by GML to date.
PCC’s records regarding the development of 1A Morton Street Depot were not assessed during this project. 1.5 Authorship and Acknowledgements
This report has been prepared by Sally MaacLennan (Archaeologist), and Nina Pollock (Built Heritage Consultant) of GML. Anne Mackay (Senior Associate), Natalie Vinton (Archaeology Manager) and Sharon Veale (Partner) of GML also provided specialist input. The historical overview was prepared by Terry Kass (Historian) subconsultant. The report has been reviewed by Natalie Vinton and Sharon Veale.
GML would like to acknowledge the assistance of PCC staff, including Graeme Bleus, Neville Davis, Debbie Killian and Maggie Kyle, for their assisttance throughout the course of this prroject.
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1.6 Abbreviations
Thee following abbreviations are used in the historical overview (Section 3.0).
Bk Book
DP Deposited Plan
LPI Land and Property Information
ML Mitchell Library
No. Number
SRNSW State Records of New South Wales
Figure 1.1 Location of the subject site. (Source: Google Maps with GML additions 2012)
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Figure 1.2 The subject site in its local context. (Source: Google Maps with GML additions 2012)
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2.0 Statutory Context
2.1 Preamble
This section discusses the State and local statutory planning context as it rellates to heritage values and potential archaeological resources (both Aboriginal and historical) at the 1A Morton Street Depot.
In NSW, archaeological remains (referred to as ‘objects’ or ‘relics’) and herittage items are afforded statuutory protection under the following Acts:
the NPW Act;
the Heritage Act; and
the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) (EPA Act).
Items of environmental heritage, including landscape features, built heritage and archaeological remains (both Aboriginal and historical), are also protected under the PCC Local Environment Plan (LEP) 2011 (Schedule 5). 2.2 National Parks and Wildliife Act 1974
All Aboriginal objects and places receive statutory protection under the NPW Act. Aboriginal objects are defined as:
…physical evidence of the use of an area by Aboriginal people. They can also be refeferred to as 'Aboriginal sites', 'relics' or 'cultural material'1
Handicrafts made for sale are not considered ‘objects’ under the NPW Act. If Aboriginal objects are found, the NSW OEH must be informed.
Recent changes to the NPW Act require applicants to seek approval prior to tthe disturbance of sites with the potential to contain Aboriginal objects and cultural material. New offences relating to the harm to, or desecration of, an Aboriginal object or declared Aboriginal Placce were introduced with the NPW Amendment (Aboriginal Objects and Places) Regulatiion 2010 on 1 October 2010. The definnition of ‘harm’ now includes to destroy, deface, damage or move an Aboriginal object or decllared Aboriginal Place. The OEH has stated:
The most significant change is the introduction of tiered offences and penalties. Offfences committed with knowledge, in aggravating circumstances or in relation to an Aboriginal Place will attracct higher penalties than previously. There is a new strict liability offffence of harming Aboriginal objects and of harming or desecrating Aboriginal Places. (DECCW 2010)
Thee strict liability offence of harming Aboriginal objects has a number of defences. The two defences relevant to this project include the statutory defence of ‘due diligence’. This demonstrates either:
that there is no research-based evidence that suggests Aboriginal obbjects will be impacted upon by the development; or
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 5
that there is the need for an Aboriginal Heritage Impact Permit (AHIPP), and that any disturbance to Aboriginal objects has occurred in accordance with an approved AHIP.
2.2.1 Due Diligence Approach
The OEH has issued a code of practice guideline that defines a ‘due diligennce’ approach to Aboriginal heritage: Due Diligence Code of Practice for the Protection of Aboriginall Objects in NSW (13 September 2010). This guideline is designed to assist individuals and organisations to exercise due diligence when carrying out activities that may harm Aboriginal objects, and/or Aboriginal Places, and to determine whether they should apply for consent in the form of an AHIP.
If a due diligence assessment identifies that Aboriginal objects will be, or are likely to be, harmed during the course of proposed works, it would be required to obtain an AHIP prior to commencement. In such a case adherence to the following documents issued by OEH would be necessary:
Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation requirements for proponents 2010. Part 6 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (April 2010);
Code of Practice for Archaeological Investigation of Aboriginal Objects in New South Wales (September 2010);
Guide to investigating, assessing and reporting on Aboriginal cultural heritage in NSW (April 2011); and
Applying for an Aboriginal Heritage Impact Permit: Guide for Applicants (May 2011).
This report adheres to the Due Diligence Code of Practice and concludes itt is unlikely that Aboriginal objects are present at the subject site. It establishes recommendations for the future management of Aboriginal archaeological potential and heritage values, in line with current statutory requirements. 2.3 Heritage Act 1977
The Heritage Act affords automatic statutory protection to ‘relics’ which form part of archaeological deposits. The Act defines a ‘relic’ as any depossit, object or material evidence that:
(a) relates to the settlement of the area that comprises New South Wales, not being Aborigiinnal settlement, and
(b) is of State or local heritage significance
Sections 139–145 of the Heritage Act preventt the excavation of a relic, except in accordance with an excavation permit (or an exception from the need for a permit) issued by the Heritage Council of New South Wales.
Section 139[1] of the Heritage Act states that:
A person must not disturb or excavate any land knowing or having reasonable cause to suspect that the disturbance or excavation will or is likely to result in a relic being discovered, exposed, moved, damaged or destroyed unless the disturbance or excavation is carried out in accordance with an excavation permit.
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Thee historical archaeological component of this report considers whether tthe study area has the potential to contain archaeological remaiins that would be considered ‘relics’ uunder the Heritage Act, and outlines recommendations for the future management of the site’s potential archaeological resource.
2.3.1 The State Heritage Register
Thee State Heritage Register (SHR) is established under the Heritage Act. It is a list of identified heritage items of significance to the state of New South Wales. It includes iitems and places (such as buildings, works, archaeological relics, movable objects or precincts) dettermined to be of State heritage significance. As previously noted, 1A Morton Street Depot is not listed on the SHR; however, it is in the vicinity of, and shares visual connections with SHR--listed items Broughton House, Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm. The SHR is established under Section 22 of the Heritage Act and, pursuant to Section 57(1) of the Act, the approval of the Heritage Council of NSW is required for the following:
s57(1) When an interim heritage order or listing on the State Heritage Register applies to a place, building, work, relic, moveable object, precinct, or lland, a person must not do any of the following things except in pursuance of an approval granted by the approval body under Subdivision 1 of Division 33:
(a) demolish the building or work,
(b) damage or despoil the place, precinct or land, or any part of the place, precinct or land,
(c) move, damage or destroy the relic or moveable object,
(d) excavate any land for the purpose of exposing or moving the relic,
(e) carry out any development in relation to the land on which the buildiing, work or rellic is situated, the land that comprises the place, or land withiin the precinct,
(f) alter the building, work, relic or moveablle object,
(g) display anny notice or advertisement on the place, building, work, relic, moveable obbject or land, or in the precinct,
(h) damage or destroy any tree or other vegetation on or remove any tree or other veggeetation from the place, precinct or land. 2.4 Environmental Planning aand Assessment Act 1979
Thee EPA Act is administered by the NSW Department of Planning and provides for environmental planning instruments to be made to guide the process of development and land use. It provides for the protection of local heritage items and conservation areas through listingg on LEPs, which guide Local Councils in making planning decisiions.
2.4.1 Parramatta Local Environment Plan 2011
Under the Parramatta LEP 2011, the subject site is not listed as a heritage item; however, it is in the vicinity of, and shares visual connections with, several items listed in Schedulle 5 of the LEP.
Parramatta LEP 2011 contains the following provisions relevant to heritage items and archaeology in Clause 5.10—Heritage Conservation.
Thee objectives of the ‘Heritage Conservation’ clause are listed as:
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 7
(a) to conserve the environmental heritage of Parramatta,
(b) to conserve the heritage significance of heritage items and heritage conservation arreas, including associated fabric, settings and views,
(c) to conserve archaeological sites,
(d) to conserve Aboriginal objects and Aboriginal places of heritage significance.
Clause 5.1(2) outlines provisions for development consent requirements for heritage items, archaeological sites and places of Aboriginal heritage significance:
(2) Development consent is required for any of the following:
(a) demolishing or moving any of the followingg or altering the exterior of any of the following (including, in the case of a building, making changes to its detail, fabric, finish or appearance):
(i) a heritage item,
(ii) an Aboriginal object,
(iii) a building, work, relic or tree within a heritage conservation area,
(b) altering a heritage item that is a building by making structural changes to its interiorr or by making changes to anything inside the item that is specified in Schedule 5 in relation to the item,
(c) disturbing or excavating an archaeological ssite while knowing, or having reasonable cause to suspect, that the disturbance or excavation will or is likely to result in a relic being discovered, exposed, moved, damaged or destroyed,
(d) disturbing or excavating an Aboriginal place of heritage significance,
(e) erecting a building on land:
(i) on which a heritage item is located or thaat is within a heritage conservation area, or
(ii) on which an Aboriginal object is located or that is within an Aboriginal place of heritage significance,
(f) subdividing land:
(i) on which a heritage item is located or thaat is within a heritage conservation area, or
(ii) on which an Aboriginal object is located or that is within an Aboriginal place of heritage significance.
Clause 5.10(4) establishes measures to evaluaate the effects of proposed development on heritage items or heritage conservation areas:
(4) Effect of proposed development on heritage significance.
The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause in respect of a heritage ittem or heritage conservation area, consider the effect of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the item or area concerned. This subclause applies regardless of whether a heritage management document is prepared under subclause (5) or a heritage conservation management plan is submitted under subclause (6).
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Clauses 5.10(7) and 5.10(8) outline provisions regarding development on land where archaeological sites or places of Aboriiginal heritage significance are knoowwn, or are reasonably likely, to be located:
(7) Archaeological sites.
The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause to the carrying out of development on an archaeological site (other than land listteed on the State Heritage Register or to whiich an interim heritage order under the Heritage Act 1977 applies)::
(a) notify the Heritage Council of its intention to grant consent, and
(b) take into consideration any response received from the Heritage Council wiitthin 28 days after the notice is sent.
(8) Aboriginal places of heritage significance.
The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause tto the carrying out of development in an Aboriginal place of heritage significance:
(a) consider the effect of the proposed development on the heritage significancee of the place and any Aboriginal object known or reasonablly likely to be located at the place by meeans of an adequate investigation and assessment (which may involve consideration of a heritage impactt statement), and
(b) notify the local Aboriginal communities, in writing or in such otther manner as may be appropriate, about the application and take into consideration any response receiived within 28 days after the notice is sent.
This report identifies heritage values and the likelihood that archaeological rremains (both historical and Aboriginal) are present or associated with the 1A Morton Street site. IIt also establishes how these values would be appropriately maanaged in accordance with relevant statutory provisions and the provisions of the LEP.
2.4.2 Parramatta Development Control Plan 2011
Thee Parramatta Development Control Plan (DCP) 2011 supplements the LEP 2011, and provides more detailed provisions to guide future development. Under Section 79C of tthe EPA Act, Council is required to take into consideration the relevant provisions of this DCP when determining an application for development. However, compliance with the provisions of this DCP does not guarantee that development consent will be granted.
Clause 3.5.1 (Heritage) of the Parramatta DCP 2011 includes the following overarching objectives in regard to heritage:
O.1 Appropriate management of heritage in the Parramatta LGA.
O.2 Retention and reinforcement of the attributes that contribute to the heritage significance of items, areas and their settings.
O.3 Maintenance and improvement to reesidential amenity and open space areas.
O.4 Development that is compatible witth the significance and charactter of the area.
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 9
And the foollowing relevant development controls:
Development near Heritage Items C.3 Where development is proposed that adjoins a heritage item identified in the PParramatta LEP 2011, the building height and setbacks must have regard to and respeect the value of that heritage item and its setting.
New Buildings C.19 A new building near an imporrtant heritage item, such as a church or halll (which might also be a local landmark) needs to be carefully designed. It must not try to copy the heritage item or compete with it for attention. It is best if the new building fits in with the character of the surrounding neighbourhood, leaving the heritage item to stand alone.
The Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (SREP) 28 Parramatta was repealed once the LEP was gazetted in 2011. The SREP objectives and controls are detailed and comprehensive for the Harris Park Preciinct (Part 4), and include a number of Special Areas. These areas, including the Area of National Significance, were subject to the additional provisions of Clause 29N.
The Area of National Significance has been iincluded in the DCP as a Special Area (at 4.3.2.1), however there are no provisions for Special Areas under the LEP 2011. Several controls from the SREP have been transferred into the Parraamatta DCP 2011, although some important SREP controls which relate to development within, and development affecting, the Area of National Significance have not been included. For example, the consideration of the impact that proposed development will have on the settings (emphasis added) of Elizabeth Farm Hoouse, Experiment Farm and Hambledon Cottage (2(b)(ii)); and the referral of development proposalls to the National Trust and tthe Historic Houses Trust for comment (2(b)(v)) has been excluded from tthe DCP.
The LEP 2011 objectives require the conservattion of the heritage significance of heritage items and conservation areas, including their settings and views. This overarching objective, if considered and interpreted consistently, could ensure that further compromises and impacts on the settings of the heritage items and conservation areas within the Area of National Significance are protected. Without sppecific reference in the LEP to the Area of National Significance, which provides a significant and appropriate ‘setting’ for the heritage items, the interpretation of the objective and the definition of setting may be applied inconsistently.
Appendix 2 of the DCP includes a diagram ouutlining historic view corridors to and from the Area of National Significance (refer to Figure 7.16).
The DCP contains the following design principlees relevant to Clause 2.4.1—Views and Vistas:
P.1 Development is to preserve views of signiffiicant topographical features such as ridges and natural corridors, the urban skyline, landmark buildings, sites of historical significance and areas off high visibility, particularly those identified in Appendix 2 Views and Vistas. Refer also to Views and Vistas in tthe Harris Park Heritage Conservation Area in Part 4.
The views affecting the subject site include nos 3, 4 and 15, and are described below:
Identified view: No. 1-5, 11 and 12 on views map -Views from Elizabeth Farm and Harris Park colonial precinct north to the ridgeline of hills, river basiin (area bounded by Victoria Road, James Ruse Drive, Prospect and Harris Streets) to trees along river,, former Newlands, trees of fformer Rangihou, Wavertree, Macarthur Girls High School, marked by tall tree plantings, including bunya and hoop pines,, visible above surrounding suburban development.
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Significance: Broadest panorama views in Parramatta, of hills to the north allowing appreciation river valley landscape setting, the siting and interrelationships between key coloniial farms and rremnant early houses (marked by historic tall tree plantings of Eliizzabeth Farm, Newlands, Wavertree, Macarthur House, Rangihou). Also modern views of key historic farm plantings from major roads.
Identified view: No. 13-16 on views map - Views from riverbank ridge defined by Thomas Street, North Parramatta, looking south down Stewart, Macarthur, Morton and Pemberton Streets to tall tree plantings of Hambledon Cottage, Experiment Farm, Elizabeth Farm and ridgeline of Harris Park colonial precinct.
Significance: Retain modern views of landmark tree plantings from the riverbank edge.
Clause 4.3.2 of the DCP contains the objectives and design principles for the Harris Park Precinct. Thee following principles are in regard to View Corridors:
P.34 Significant views must be protected frorom development. Consent must not be grantted to development on land identified as being within a historic view corridor unless it has take into account the impact that the development may have on any such historic corridor.
P.35 The height and bulk of proposed development shall be modified as necessary in order to ensure that significant views are protected.
Clause 4.3.2.1—Special Areas contains specific objectives and design prinnciples for the Area of National Significance, as follows:
C.1 Before granting consent for development within the Area of National Significance,, the consent authority must be satisfied that:
(i) the scale, form, siting, materials and use of new development wiw ll not adversely affect the heritage significance of the Area of National Significance,
(ii) the existing allotment and development pattern, and the naturall landform of the Area of National Significance will be maintained,
(iii) the original course of Claya Cliff Creek (as shown on the Harris Park Precinct Design Control Map) will be re-established or, if that is not reasonablly practicable, permanent eviidence of its original course will be provided by way of signs or other interpretative aids, and
(iv) that development does not impact upon or adversely affect the existting views into and out of the sites of Elizabeth Farm House, Experiment Farm Cottage and Hambledon Cottage, the Female Orphan School (University of Western Sydneye Rydalmere Campus), the Parramatta River corridor and tthe Pennant Hili ls open space ridge line.
Clause 4.4 Heritage—Conservation Areas contains the objectives and design principles for Elizabeth Farm Conservation Area and Experiment Farm Conservation Areas. Relevant objectives for Elizabeth Farm Conservation Area (4.4.3.1) are included as follows:
O.3 Maintain and enhance public views from streets and between houses to the nortth over the Parramatta River.
And includes the following relevant control:
C.3 Keep and where necessary, reinstate identified historic views including those identifified in Appendix 2.
A relevant objective in regards to the Experiment Farm Conservation Area (4.4.3.2) is as follows:
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 11
O.1 Protect all the attributes which contribute to the heritage value and character of the Experiment Farm Conserrvation Area, and to maintain and improve its residential amenity.
O.2 Ensure that Experiment Farm will always have an appropriate setting so that it can conttiinue to tell the history of Colonial Australia to citizens and internatiional visitors.
And includes the following relevant controls:
C.3 Keep and enhance public views from streets and between houses to the city centre and north over the Parramatta River.
C.4 Keep and where necessary, reinstate identiified historic views including those identified iin Appendix 2. 2.5 Implications for Future Development
The statutory context outlined has implications for decision making about the futurre redevelopment of 1A Mortton Street, with regard to managing the heritage values of the site and hheritage items in the vicinity. The statutory context also dictattes, to some extent, a number of the management recommendations outlined in Section 9.0. 2.6 Endnotes
1 Office of Environment and Heritage 2012, ‘Regulation of Aboriginal cultural herittage’, viewed 20 September 2012, http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/licences/achregulation..htm
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3.0 Historical Overview
3.1 Introduction
Thee following historical analysis is important for its contribution to the assessment of the cultural significance of the site, and is based on primary and secondary sources referenced throughout. Thee following repositories were used during research—Mitchell Library (State Library of NSW), State Records of NSW, Sydney Water Plan Room, Land and Property Information Services, Crown Plans and PCC Local Studies Collection.
An ethnohistorical overview of Aboriginal occupation at the subject site is included at Section 5.2.1. 3.2 Early European History (11790s–1810s)
Land on this part of the northern bank of the Parramatta River, including the study area, was granted in two 60 acre farms by Governor Phillip to settlers ‘from the Siriius’ (Figure 3.1).1 The Morton Street site was located on Town Boundary Farm No. 7, with Town Boundary Farm No.6 directly to the east. These farms were owned by Robert Webb and William Reid. Watkin Tench visited Robert Webb in 1790, and describbed his farm thus:
He has received great encouragement and assistance from the governor.. He has five acres cleared and planted with maize, which looks thriving, and promises to yield a decent crop. His house and a small one adjoining for pigs and poultry were built for hhim by the governor, who also gave him two sows and seven fowls, to which he adds a little stock of his own acquiring.2
Assistance from the governor included the provision of huts, land clearing, ffood, seed, agricultural tools, livestock, medical attention and convict labour.3 A plan from c1790 shows a small structure in the southeast portion of Town Boundary Farm No. 7. This very early plan is considered to be indicative only, but suggests that the structure may have been located within the study area (Figure 3.1). 3.3 Marsden’s 112 Acre Grant
Reverend Samuel Marsden was the principal Anglican clergyman in NSW from the 1790s to the 1820s. He had a major role in promotingg the Christian religion. In addition, he was also a substantial landowner and served on many local committees promoting a more sober and industrious lifestyle. Since he also served as a magistrate meting out punishments to erring convicts, his reputation has suffered since he is often remembered more for his punishments than for his achievements in moral and religious matters. On the other hand, he is revered in New Zealand as the man who brought Christianity to that country and for his concern for the Maori. From 1793 onwards, Maori had been visiting the British colony in Australia, often seeking support or Western goodds to assist in inter-tribal conflicts.4
In September 1806, Marsden met Ruatara [also known as Duaterra], a Maorii of high status from the Bay of Islands. By then, Marsden held about 2,974 acres of land at Parramatttta. On 28 August 1809, Marsden and his wife boarded convict transport Ann to return to NSW and met Ruatara again who was returning to NSW after serving as a sailor for some years. Ruatara was ill and destitute after poor treatment by ships' captains. Marsden befriended him and cared for him.5
When Marsden arrived in Sydney in February 1810, he could not immediately proceed with setting up missions in New Zealand after the massacre of most of the crew and passengers of the ship
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Boyd. Ruatara lived at Parramatta for eightteen months where he worked on Marsden’s land learning how to grow grain for food and other skills. 6
Marsden vigorously promoted agriculture to them. Late in 1811, two chief’s sons visited Marsden. One was a son of Te Pahi and the other was Toweetee [Kawiti].7 Marsden wrotee in a letter of 20 November 1811 that:
This morning I took them in my Chaise to see Duaterra’s Farm, when they beheld his Wheat just ripe, his Pease, Beans etc, theey were highly gratified and in a few minutes I observed them marking a Line across my Farm and cutting notches with a Knife in the Stumps of the Trees – I inquired what they were doing – They told me they were marking out a Farm for Toweetee Teetooa, that he would return to New Zealand the first opportunity, and bring one hundred men to work upon the Farm. I told him I would give his as much Land as he liked, and he might begin to morroow. I think he will try what he can do.8
There is no evidence that Marsden ever gave land permanently to either Ruatara [[Duaterra] or any other Maori.
Marsden often welcomed Maori to Parramatta showing them the church and the court as well as how to plant grain and raise livestock and how to read and write.9 In 1814, three Maori chiefs lived with Marsden for 3 months at Parramatta.10 A map of Parramatta of 1814 showed the land on the north side of the river where Rangihou was later built as ‘Mr Marsden’s Ground’ (Figure 3.3).11
In October 1815, the Anglican chaplains in Sydney agreed to set up a ‘small establishment’ to instruct the Maori on ‘civilisation and general improvement’.12 Until 1817 Samuel Maarsden lived with his family in the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets, Parramatta. By Septembeer 1817 they were residing in the newly built parsonage erected betweeen Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta.13 For some time, Marsden had conducted a seminary for the Maori in his own house, implying that the seminary operated at both the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets as well as the new one between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta.14 In 1819, he reported thatt he had ‘Natives living with me for more than four years’.15
Early in 1819, Marsden was building a dwelling for his seminary, which became Rangihou cottage. He reported that, ‘I am now erecting a commoddious building on an estate which I purchased on the banks of the river opposite to the town of Parramatta. … The estate contains upwards of 100 acres of land; and every operation of Agriculture, Gardening, Nursery, etc, may be carrried on, with the exercise of the simple Arts.’ He noted that ‘The buildings are now in a forward state’’ (Figure 3.4).16
Marsden’s reference to a ‘purchase’ is odd. The land was granted to hiim but only some years later. There is no record of a sale of this land to Marsden by an earlier promise in the ‘OOld Registers’ at LPI. In July 1819, Reverend John Butler reported that, ‘Mr Marsden has nearly completed the Seminary for the New Zealanders’ (Figure 3.5). There were then five men and one woman from New Zealand in Parramatta.17 The seminary was named ‘Rangihou’ (various speellings) after the village where he established Christianity in New Zealand.18 A sketch of Rangihou ccottage, made in 1836, shows the two-storey weatherboard cottage and a small outbuildiing (Figure 3.6).
In February 1820, Marsden had 25 Maori living at Parramatta.19 At Parramatta, the Maori learned livestock management, blacksmithing, and nailmaking, brickmaking and the manufacture of cloth and flax, plus how to grow fruit and make winne.20 There is no record of any Abboriginal students living or studying at Rangihou seminary.
14 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
By early 1822, a total of 13 Maori who had attended the Parramatta seminarry had died. Some died after returning to New Zealand. Four of them died in NSW.21 The remains of some were returned to New Zealand but some remains stayed in NSW. They may possibly have been buried in St John’s cemetery. Jones and Jenkins claimed that the St John’s records have ‘been destroyed’ but the burial register is still extant.22 It was checked to locate any Maori burials at St John’s cemetery, but none were listed.23 There is no evidence where they were buried.
On 1 November 1822, Samuel Marsden was formally granted 112 acres, bounded on the east by Reid’s farm, 39 chains, on the north by the Field of Mars Road [Victoria Road], 27 chains 20 links and 21 chains, on the west by a small ccreek, and on the south by Parramatta River.24 This was a valuable addition to his existing land holdings. Hence, the land on which tthe Rangihou seminary was built finally came into his formal posssession.
Marsden stated in April 1822 that he would close the seminary due to the deaths of those attending it, possibly from the change in climate and their situation.25 However, Maori continued to visit Marsden at Parramatta. From October 1822, they lived with Marsden, but weere then accommodated in the Institution for Native Black Children, which implies that Rangihou closed about September 1822 (Figure 3.7).26 When Henry and Marianne Williams, a missionary couplee, arrived in April 1823, they found two Maoris living at Marsden’s residence.27
Marsden’s grandson, Reverend J S Hassall, later recorded that, on his land at Parramatta, in order to cater for the Maoris that he had brought to New South Wales, Marsden ‘built a two-story [sic] weather-board house upon it for them, and laid out land for cultivation, so that they might be instructed in farming, as well as receive some education and reliigious teachiing.’ It housed as many as 20 Maoris but fell into disuse when Marsden set up a school in New Zealand.28 ‘Rangihou’ was situated south of New Zealand Street and is outside the study site. However, though there are no surviving plans that indicate where the land laid aside for cultivation by the Maori was situated, it is possible that it may be on what is now Morton Street Depot. As many as 100 Maoris are believed to have lived with the Marsden family.29
In essence, most Maori who lived (and died) at Parramatta were accommmodated at Marsden’s parsonage, both the old parsonage at thhe corner of Church and George Sttreets and the new one between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta. The Rangihou seminary only operated for 3 years.
From April to July 1823, Marsden accommodated the family of missionary Henry Williams at Rangihou, while they were waiting for traansport to New Zealand. Marianne Williams wrote, ‘We are at present situated upon a steep slope on the bank of the river, nearly oppoosite to a water mill and Mr Marsden’s residence [the parsonage on the south side of the river]. Mrs MMarsden is very kind in sending us daily a large jug of milk and other things frequently.’ 30
In 1824, after his New Zealand journey in 1823, Marsden was planning to set up another seminary. This time he planned to build the Seeminary of sts one.31 Nothing seems to have come of that proposal.
With regard to the former seminary that had been closed, Marsden wrote about it on 23 April 1826 notinng that:
The building is still my property. No part of the expense attending it has been charged to the Society [Church Missionary Society], nor for the support of the New Zealanders who, from time to time, rreesided in it. … Should a Corresponding Committee be formed, and the Seminary found upon trial to answer the intended purpose, in that case I shall leave it to the option of the Society to purchase the buildiing or to pay the Colonial Committee
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interest for the amount of the money that has been expended, so long as the Seminary may be rrequired for the original purpose.32 3.4 Lease and Subdivision
By 1827, Rangihou had been rented to John Raine.33 In December 1827, a Public Notice appeared in the press that John Raine had leased Samuel Marsden’s property known as ‘RRangatoo’ and it was now called ‘West Grove’.34 Raine soon established a considerable industrial enterprise on the leased estate. John Raine’s brother, Thomass Raine, was associated with Marsdden and his New Zealand ventures.35
In February 1828, John Raine advertised for a gardener for West Grove at Parramatta. Applicants had to contact his overseer John Beal.36 Thomas Arnold, a baker, lived in a cottage on the West Grove estate at Parramatta from January to May 1828.37 By April 1830, John Raine’’s property, West Grove at Parramatta, was contracted to supply salt meat to the government. 38
An advertisement appeared on 24 April 18330 offering West Grove Cottage and premises at Parramatta to let (Figure 3.8). The house was described as having two sitting rooms, three bedrooms, a kitchen, butler’s pantry, a dairy, a poultry yard, a dove cote, a four stall stable, a harness room, coach house and well, plus a gardener's house, and 5 acres of kitchen, fruit and flower garden, along with three paddocks of 20 acres planted with English grasses, a shrubbery and walks. It was located on the left bank of the Parrramatta River.39
Late in 18330, the West Grove leasehold estate at Parramatta with a term of 37 1/22 years still to run was subdivided for sale by Messrs Paul (Figure 3.9). There were various dates sset aside for the auction but the date was postponed a number of times. Nevertheless, the property details were the same in each instance. West Grove had beeen divided into 10 lots, all with water access. The auctioneer claimed that with the rise of the colony and steamships, the property would appeal to many manufacturers of different types. Lot 2 of 3 acres 2 roods 31 perches was divided into garden beds and walks with a ‘snug well-built cottage’. Lot 3 of 3 roods 8 perches would appeal to the Crown or to the carcass butcher or supplier of salted meat. It had ‘the best slaughter-house in the country meeasuring 50 feet long by 53 1/2 wide, completely fitted up with stone flagging, windlass, etc. Two large boilers are fixed in solid brick work, one of 120 gallons, the other of 80.’ One of the cattle yards was flagged with stone. It adjoined a wharf. The buildings were then let to the governmennt at the rate of £20 per month. Lot 7, which it was claimed would appeal to the buyer of the slaughterhouse on lot 3, had ‘a strong building, 200 feet in length and 34 feet in breadth’. ‘At the west end was a good house which commands a view from the parlour window of all comers and goers. The dwelling consists of four good-sized apartments. The long building comprises a coach- house, harness-room, flagged four-stalled stable, bakehouse containing two ovens erected in the first style, estimated to bake 9 bushels each, flour room and three capital rooms for cutting up, salting, draining meat etc. All these are flagged.’ There were also two pigsties, a spaacious men’s hut of three rooms. There was a horse pond, well and tubs. The adjoining paddocks were planted with English grasses. [It would seem likely that the cottage also known as Rangihou would have been distant from the slaughter yard and associated facilities but the description and the proximity in the listing to lot 8 suggests that the slaughterhouse was close to Rangihou.] Lot 8 of 5 acres 1 rood 8 perches was the site of ‘West Grove Cottage’, with two parlours, two bedrooms, office, storeroom, pantry, kitchen, hall and ii was ‘situated on the top of the same beautiful sloping hill above described’. There was a clothes yard, stockyard and poultry yard adjacent to the house. In the poultry yard, was ‘a capital fowl-house, used by Sir Thomas Brisbane as a pheassantry’. Lot 8 had 300ft of frontage to the river and ‘at the eastern corner there is erected a substantial wharf’. The flat
16 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
next to the river was laid out as an ornamental garden, with ‘maizy [sic] walks, a neat summer- house over-looks the water’. Lot 9 of 3 acres 2 roods 21 perches also fronted the river for 240 feet and was laid out as an ornamental garden and shrubbery. Lot 10 of 5 acres 1 rood 4 perches had a frontage of 350 feet to the river. ‘The bank is high and steep, on the top of which grows the shrubbery, with maizy walks, seats etc.’40 The description does not include all of the land from Marsden’s grant. The total area for sale was just a little less than 27 acres, only a small part of Marsden’s 112 acre grant. Though the deed of lease does not appear to have survived, the small area confirms that the area leased by Marsden to John Raine was the part of his estate in the immediate vicinity of Rangihou cottage.
Thaat sale does not appear to have been successful. On 6 August 1831, Mr Knapp (probably E J H Knapp) was advertised to auction the unexpired lease of Rangihou or West Grove on Parramatta River opposite His Majesty’s Stores, with 37 years to run on behalf of Mrs M Raine (Figure 3.10). Thee lease would include ‘all the valuable timber-built erections made thereon, exclusive of the weatherboarded dwelling and necessary buildings, forming the only originall buildings granted with the lease.’ If there were no purchaserss, the materials on the site owned by the lessee would be sold. The list of materials confirmed that Marsden’s grant had been used as a slaughter yard, bakery and a boiling down works, with associated cottages for employees. A considerable quantity of stone paving was also included in the auction sale.41
In 1835, Samuel Marsden built a house for his daughter Jane, which wass named ‘Newlands’. In addition, Pieter Laurentz Campbell, Paarramatta Police Magistrate later bouught 15 acres 3 roods from the Newlands estate and built a grand house in 1838-9, which he also named ‘Newlands’. That house was soon sold to Mrs Thomas Marsden when Campbell moved to Syddney.42
Thee following legal transactions were involved. A deed of Conveyance to uses to bar dower dated as 24 October 1837, included the following parties 1st Reverend Samuel Marsden 2nd Pieter Laurentz Campbell, 3rd Hugh Dickinson. By this deed, for a price of £700, Pieter Laurentz Campbell bought 8 acres from Reverend Samuel Marsden. The land was described as beginning at the southeast corner of Marsden's 112 acree grant and was bounded on the eastt by 19 chains 63 links, on the north by 4 chains, on the west by 20 chains and on the south by the Parramatta River.43 On 12 April 1838, Pieter Laurentz Campbeell, mortgaged it to William Lawson ffor £1,000 along with 7 acres 3 roods bounded on the north by the High Road, on the east by William Reid’s land, and on the south by the 8 acres above.44 On 1 and 2 February 1839, by a deed of Lease and release, Pieter Laurentz Campbell, late of Parramatta, but now of Sydney, acting Colonial Treasurer conveyed both parcels to Jane Catherine Marsden, of Parramatta, widow for £1,500 subject to the existing mortgage.45
Theere is a distant view of Parramatta painted in 1838 by Conrad Martens, which shows the house known as ‘Newlands’ but it is too distant and does not show the site of thee Morton Street Council Depot.46
Samuel Marsden died on 12 May 1838. In his will he left the land at Parramattta known as Newlands to his trustees to sell. He made no other devises or gifts of that land. It was willed to his executors in one parcel. In his will of 18 October 18336 Samuel Marsden left:
All that my estate or farm called Newlands situate on the banks of the Parramatta Riiver and containing by estimation - acres or thereabouts I give and devise the same to the said John Campbell, Hannibal Macarthur and William Macarthur their heirs and assigns Upon Trust that they the said John Campbell, Hannibal Macarthur and William Macarthur and thhe survivor or survivors of these and the heirs executors or
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administrators of such survivor do and shall as soon as conveniently may be after my decease sell and absolutely dispose of the same either together or in parcels and either by public auction or private contract as they or he shall think best.47
Marsden had not given away or transferred any of the Newlands property except by sale. From the time he arrived in the colony until his death, no gift or transfer of this land was registered in either the ‘Old Registers’ or the Old System deeds at LPI.48 The Search Notes for the titlee to his Newlands Estate undertaken by the LPI’s title searcherss for the first conversion of any land of his Newlands Estate in 1881 reveal no gifts or transfers except by sale.49 In addition, his will made no mention of any devise or gift of his Newlands Estate.
An auction of Marsden’s Newlands Estate by James Byrnes was held at the RRed Cow Inn in Parramatta on 31 October 1839.50 Surveyor John Armstrong laid out the subdivisiion of Newlands. There is an extant copy of his plan at LPI but tthe copy is very poor and the surviviing sheets of the layout do not extend as far as this land. No buildings are shown on the surviving sheets.51 A copy of that subdivision plan made by P L Bemi survives and shows the site of ‘Rangihou’ on lot 45 but nothing on the land that became the Morton Strreet Depot (Figure 3.11).52 3.5 School and Residential Use (1865–1958)
The house further north of the site of the Morton Street Depot now known as Broughton House was extant by the 1840s. About 1865, Dr William Woolls moved his school fromm George Street, Parramatta to Newlands House, later known as Broughton House.53
During that time, Jane Marsden owned the land. On 1 February 1876, a deed of Conveyance and mortgage wwas signed with the following parties: 1st Jane Catherine Marsden, of Batthurst, widow, 2nd Hon Williaam Byrnes, of Parramatta, 3rd Thomas Kendall Bowden, of Parramatta, soolicitor. The land purchased included both the 8 acres plus 7 acres 3 roods and lots 35 and 36 Newlands Estate. The property was sold to Thomas Kendall Bowden for £2,000 subject to a mortgage to Jane Catherine Marsden.54
The 1871 Plan of the Environs of Parramatta indicates that much of the surroounding area still belonged to the Marsden family at that time (Figure 3.12). A Bird’s Eye View of Parramatta published in November 1877 showed the area that became the Morton Street Depot as vacant land with no buildings (Figure 3.13).55 Though this work is an artistic interpretation, experience has revealed that it is often highly accurate.
Thomas Kendall Bowden died on 31 October 1879. On 19 November 1880, the mortgage was paid off and titlle re-conveyed by Jane Catherine Marsden to Mary Elizabeth Bowden, of Parramatta, widow.56 On 10 July 1891, Mary Elizabeth Bowden, of Parramatta, widow mortgageed her property to the Bank of NSW for £3,000.57
A survey of the foreshore shown of the river of 23 August 1895 showed no improvements on the part of the site near the water (Figure 3.14).58
Mary Elizabeth Bowden could not repay the mortgage. On 20 August 1897, the Bank of NSW conveyed it to Sarah Emily Richards, of Parraamatta, widow for £2,000. Three parcels of land were involved in the transaction. However, they had been combined so that they were as described in total as measuring 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches. Beginning at the northeastt corner of lot 30 Newlands Estate, the land was bounded on the west by lot 30, 1,630 links & 519 linnks, on the north by lot 30, 284 links, on the west by lot 30, 7778 4/5 links, on the south by Thomas Street, 45 1/10 links, on the west by the end of Thomas Street and lots 37 and 42 and the end of New Zealand
18 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Street, 1,061 3/5 links, on the south by lot 36, 236 2/5 links, on the west by lot 43, 971 1/4 links, on the south by Parramatta River, 407 links, to the southeast corner of Marsden’s 112 acres. It was then bounded on the east by a road 50 links wide [Morton Street], 1,883 3/5 links and 2,135 4/5 links and on the north by Pennant Street [now Victoria Road], 426 1/2 links. Lot 30 Newlands Estate was also included.59
On 30 August 1906, Sarah Emily Richards, of Parramatta, widow conveyyed that land to James Swanton Vickery, of Bective Station near Tamworth, grazier for £4,000.660 Vickery financed his purchase of that property by a mortgage of 14 August 1906, to Sarah Emily Richards, Parramatta, widow, for £3,500 for 3 years at 4%.61 James Swanton Vickery died on 14 August 1907.
A valuation of his estate by Charles Frederick Welch, Sydney, auctioneer and valuer, noted that Vickery owned two parcels of land at Parramatta on the Newlands Estate of 23 acres 3 roods 2 perches and 18 acres 2 roods 22 perches with a total area of 42 acres 1 roood 24 perches valued at £4,500. The description noted that, ‘The above fronts Pennant Hills road [i.e. Pennant Street, later known as Victoria Road], Thomas Street and also has a frontage to the Parramatta river, and is highly improved with Dwelling house (known as Newlands) built of brick,, containing 14 rooms, stable and coach house; out offices, garden, orchard and ornamental trees etc’. The property appears to have been a working farm as it had one Jersey bull, six cows of mixed ages, one heifer, one old buggy horse, one old carthorse, and one old bull. There were also ttwo ploughs, one worth £1/10/0 and the other worth £2.62
Thee executors of James Swanton Vickery’s estate conveyed the land to Percival Stacy Waddy, of Parramatta, clerk in holy orders on 11 December 1908 for £100 subject to the existing mortgage. Both the 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches and lot 30 Newlands Estate were included.63 Percival Stacy Waddy had become headmaster of King’s School, Parramatta, in Octtober 1908. He wished to expand the school and bought Newlands on his own account when the school council opposed his plans. He named it The Farm School. It was intended for boys who would not follow their schooling by attending university. They learned wool classing, farm work and basic engineering. He also bought Morton House adjacent to add to that land and as accommodation for the boys.64 In 1908, Broughton House (once known as Newlands) became a residence ffor pupils of the King’s School.65
Thee existing loan was discharged on 15 September 1909.66 A new mortgage was signed the same day, by Percival Stacy Waddy, Parrammatta, clerk in holy orders to Gerald Gordon of Townsville, accountant, and Walter Mullens Vindin of Sydney, solicitor, for £2,500 for 5 years.67
Thee use of the property by the King’s School was formalised on 30 Decembeer 1909, when Percival Stacy Waddy leased the 20 acres 2 roods 24 3/4 perches and lot 30 Newllands to the Council of King’s School for £166/3/6 per annum foor 10 years.68
A sketch of the land held by King’s Schhool in Thomas Street in the 1914 list of property owners in Gorre Ward equates in length to the boundary of the land on the east of lot 43 of the Newlands estate, ie the land that is now the Morton Street Depot (Figure 3.15).69
Part of the land was sold by Waddy. On 6 June 1916, he sold the balance witth Broughton House on it to the Council of King’s School for £300 plus £1,197/10/0 due on the existiing mortgage. The new measurement of the land conveyed showed its area had been reduced tto 10 acres 1 rood 35 perches. It was bounded on the north by 87 feet 10 inches, on the west by lot 36 and the end of New Zealand Street, 634 feet 8 inches, on the south by lot 43, 156 feet, on the west by lot 43, 641 feet, on the south by Parramatta River, 268 feet 7 1/2 inches and on the east by a road 50 links
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wide [Morton Street], 1191 feet 8 inches.70 The owner of this land was recorded as tthe Kings School in 30 August 1919 when the adjacent land was being converted to Torrens Title. The occupier was Isaiah Mutton.71
The Council of King’s School mortgaged the land to the Clergy Provident Fund (Sydney) on 30 Septembeer 1924 for £13,000 along with land in Caroline Street, Westmead.722 That loan was discharged on 16 October 1929. 73
No buildings were shown on the site of the Morton Street Depot on the relevant Parramatta Detail Survey sheet of November 1925 (Figure 3.16).74 Both the Blackwattle Sheet and the Blackwattle Record Sheet held by Sydney Water, which were used from the 1930s to the 1960s to record additional buildings added to the 1925 sheet, have no additional buildings added on the subject site (Figure 3.17).75
An aerial photo of March 1930 showed the site as vacant with some vegetation (Figgure 3.18).76
An aerial photo of 1943 showed no buildings on this site (Figure 3.19). The site was mostly cleared with some vegetation though there appears to bbe less vegetation than in 1930.77
A survey by George Edward Moore for the subdivision of the land that had been thhe subject of the deed numbered Book 1084 No 387, when the land was sold by Waddy to the King’s School, was undertaken on 9 December 1953 (Figure 3.20)). Lot A on the deed was Broughton House. Lot B was the site of the Morton Street Depot. There werre no buildings shown on Lot B, whicch had an area of 5 acres 2 roods 18 1/2 perches. Lot C is now part of Rangihou Reserve. A line oof old posts was noted on Lot C on the plan.78 3.6 Parramatta City Council Depot (1958–Present)
On 9 June 1958, the King’s School conveyed part of its land to PCC, which became the Morton Street Depot for £13,850. The land sold meassured 5 acres 2 roods 18 1/2 perches. Beginning 367 feet 2 1/4 inches from Thomas Street, the property was bounded on the east by Moorton Street, 730 feet 7 1/4 inches, on the southeast by lot C on the plan [DP 162815], 268 feet 8 inches, on the west by a line, 515 feet 8 1/2 inches, on the south by line, 156 feet, on the west by the end of New Zealand Street and land in Housing Commission Plan 376, 284 feet 3/4 inches and on the north by lot A on the plan [DP 162815], 419 feet 8 3/4 inches. 79
A plan of the new boundaries of the former lot B in DP 162815 showing the laand in the deed numbered Book 1084 No 387 was registered on 22 May 2006. After the excision of a small parcel of land on Morton Street, that land became lot 8 on this plan. This is the current plan for the Morton Street Depot. The plan showed only the boundaries of the land parcels and no buildings were shown (Figure 3.21).80
20 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 3.1 Detail of subject site (outlined) from c1790 Maap showing the towns of Parramatta and settlemennts of Rose Hill, Field of Mars and Toongabbie. (Source: GML 2000, Parramatta Historical Archaeological Landscape Management Study, Volume 3 with GMlL 2012 additions)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 21
Figure 3.2 1804 Plan of the Township of Parramatta by George William Evans. (Source: ML M2 811.1301/1813/1, with GML 2012 additions)
22 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 3.3 Map of Parramatta 1814, showing the subjectt site as part of ‘Mr Marsden’s Ground’. (Source: ML Map 811.1301/1814/1 with GML 2012 additions)
Figure 3.4 Samuel Marsden's reference to building a seminary. Figure 3.5 Reverend John Butler's report that the seminary was (Source: The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304) almost complete. (Source: The Misssionary Register, July 1820, p 305)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 23
Figure 3.6 Reverend Richard Taylor’s sketch of Rangihou from the southwest, made about 1836. (Source: JB Marrsden, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, edited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913, opp p 58)
Figure 3.7 Report from 1824 indicating Rangihou seminary closed Figure 3.8 Lease advertisement for West Grove cottage also known in 1822. (Source: The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p 77) as Rangihou. (Source: Monitor, 24 April 1830, p 3)
24 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 3.9 Sale advertisement for West Grove cottage (lot 8) Figure 3.10 Auction sale notice forr West Grove estate. (Source: formerly known as Rangihou. (Source: Monitor, 6 Oct 1830, p 1) Sydney Gazette, 2 Aug 1831, p 1)
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Figure 3.11 This copy of the Newlands subdivision plan was madde in later years. It shows Newlands House now known as Broughton House. It shows no buildings or any other structures in the area of the Morton Street Depot. (Source: ML Map M2/811.1312/1840?/1, with GML 2012 additions)
26 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 3.12 1871 Plan of the Environs of Parramatta, County of Cumberland, NSW, with tthe subject site outlined in red. (Source: State records of NSW, with GML 2012 additions)
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Figure 3.13 The 1877 Bird's Eye View shows the land in front of Broughton House (in the foreground of this image)) where the Morton Street Depot (outlined) was later established was vacant. (Source: Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 with GML 2012 additions)
28 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 3.14 The survey of the foreshore of Parramatta River in August 1895 showed no detail of any buildiings or other structures on the land that is part of the Morton Street Depot site (land marked as ‘Mary E Bowden’). (Source: P.230.574. Sheet 8, Crown Plan)
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Figure 3.15 This sketch showed the land owned in 1914 by The King's School. It includes the Mortton Street Depot site in the soutwest corner of the block. This sketch is not to scale. (Source: Register of Owners, Gore Ward, 1914, Parramatta Local Studies Collection, p 74)
30 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 3.16 The Detail Survey of November 1925 showed no buildings or other structures on the site. Thee outline of Rangihou Crescent was added to the plan in later years. (Source: Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room with GML 2012 additions)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 31
Figure 3.17 No additional buildings were added to the 1925 sheett on either the Blackwattle Sheet or the Blackwattlle Record Sheet from the 1930s to the 1960s. (Source: Blackwattle Record Sheet 2770, Sydney Water Plans Room with GML 2012 additions)
32 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 3.18 This aerial photo of March 1930 showed the Morton Street Depot site (on the right of the photo) as vacant. (Source: SR Map 32241 with GML 2012 additions)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 33
Figure 3.19 The 1943 aerial photo showed the Morton Street Depot site (on the right of the photo) as vacant. (Souurce: 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/)
34 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 3.20 The December 1953 subdivision plan of the land owned by the King’s School as part of Brougghton House included the site of the Morton Street Depot (lot B). It was shown as devoid of buildings. (Source: DP 162815 with GML 2012 addiitions)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 35
Figure 3.21 The plan the new boundaries of the former lot B in DP 162815 showed only the site boundaries. (Source: DP 1097934 with GML 2012 additions)
36 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
3.7 Endnotes
1 Godden Mackay Logan 2000, Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3029, State Heritage IInventory Card; PHALMS 2000 Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3026, State Heritage Inventory Card. 2 Tench, W 1793 (ed Flannery, T 2009), A Complete Account of the Settlement att Port Jackson, The Text Publishing Company, Victoria, pp 223–224. 3 Godden Mackay Logan 2000, Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3029, State Heritage IInventory Card; PHALMS 2000 Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3026, State Heritage Inventory Card. 4 J Belich, Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders From Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century, Penguin, Rosedale, NZ, 2007 edition, p 141 5 A Salmond, Between worlds: Early exchanges between Maori and Europeans, 1773-1815, Viking, Auckland, New Zealand, 1997, p 407-8 6 A Salmond, Between worlds, p 417 7 A Salmond, Between worlds, p 420 8 P Havard-Williams (ed), Marsden and the New Zealand mission: Sixteen letters, University of Otagoo Press in association with A H & A W Reed, p 41 9 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth Century’, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 46 No 1, 2011, p 53 10 C Fitzgerald, (ed), Letters from the Bay of Islands: The story of Marianne Williams, Penguin, Auckland, 2004, p 11 11 Parramatta, 1814, ML Map M2 811.1301/1814/1 12 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-1838, Coulls Somervillle Wilkie and A.H. Reed for the Otago University Council, Dunedin, 1932, p 39 13 A T Yarwood, Samuel Marsden: The Great Survivor, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1977p 203-4 14 J B Marsden, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, eddited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913, p 134 15 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304 16 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304-5 17 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 305 18 J McClymont, James Houison 1800-1876: Parramatta’s Forgotten Architect, Parramatta and Districtt Historical Society, Parramatta, 2010, p 77 19 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 56-7 20 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 57 21 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, p 246, 446 22 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 59-60, and fn 64 p 66 23 Births, Deaths and Marriages, St John’s Burial Register, Jan 1819-Dec 1825, SRNSW 24 Grant Register, Volume 14, No 130, LPI 25 J B Marsden, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, eddited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913, p 134 26 The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p 77 27 C Fitzgerald, (ed), Letters from the Bay of Islands, p 49 28 J S Hassall, In Old Australia, R S Hews & Co, [printer] Brisbane, 1902, p 168 29 J Belich, Making Peoples, p 145 30 C Fitzgerald, (ed), Letters from the Bay of Islands, p 50 31 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, p 412, 446-7 32 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, p 447 33 T Kass, C Liston & J McClymont, Parramatta: A Past Revealed, Parramatta City Council, Parramatta, 1996, p 95 34 Monitor, 6 Dec 1827, p 2 35 O Tatrai, Wind & Watermills in Old Parramatta, Author, Parramatta, 1994, p 64 36 Monitor, 21 Feb 1828, p 8 37 Sydney Gazette, 3 January 1829, p 2 38 Sydney Gazette, 13 April 1830, p 2 39 Monitor, 24 April 1830, p 3 40 Monitor, 6 Oct 1830, p 1 41 Sydney Gazette, 2 Aug 1831, p 1
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 37
42 J McClymont, James Houison 1800-1876: Parramatta’s Forrgotten Architect, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2010, p 788; State Heritage Inventory form, Broughton House, Accessed 16 Aug 2012 43 LPI, No 9664 Bk L 44 LPI, No 973 Bk M 45 LPI, No 3666 Bk 605 46 Conrad Martens, [View of Parramatta], 1838, DL Pg 15 47 Supreme Court, Probate Packet, Samuel Marsden, Series 1 No 925, SRNSW 14/3198 48 ‘Old Registers’, 1802-25; Vendors’ Indexes, Old System Deeds, 1825-1845 49 Search Nootes, RPA 5288, LPI 50 Recited in LPI No 857 Bk 20 51 Plan 179 (A), LPI 52 P L Bemi, Plan of the late Revd Saml Marsden's Estate, Subdivided and Sold, ML Map M2/811.1312/1840?/1 53 T Kass, C Liston & J McClymont, Parramatta: A Past Revealed, Parramatta City Council, Parramatta, 1996, p 198; M M H Thompson, William Woolls: A man of Parramatta, Hale & Ireemonger, Sydney, 1986, p 87 54 LPI, No 374 Bk 163 55 Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 56 LPI, No 7885 Bk 235 57 LPI, No 4887 Bk 480 58 P.230.574. Sheet 8, Crown Plan 59 LPI, No 3667 Bk 605 60 LPI, No 23 Bk 809 61 LPI, No 24 Bk 809 62 Stamp Duties Office, Deceased Estate File, James Swantoon Vickery, duty paid 9/3/08, SRNSW 20/326 63 LPI, No 24 Bk 809 64 L D S Waddy, The King's School, 1831-1981: an account, Council of the King's School, Parramatta, 1981, p 116-8 65 J C Wharton, The Jubilee History of Parramatta, Cumberland Argus, Parramatta, 1911, p 98 66 LPI, No 3999 Bk 890 67 LPI, No 4000 Bk 890 68 LPI, No 3330 Bk 900 69 Register of Owners, Gore Ward, 1914, Parramatta Local Sttudies Collection, p 74 70 LPI, No 3887 Bk 1084 71 RPA 22153 72 LPI, No 3667 Bk 1362 73 LPI, No 3668 Bk 1581 74 Parramatta Sheet 88, Sydney Water Plans Room 75 Blackwattle Sheet and Blackwattle Record 2770, Sydney Water Plans Room 76 SR Map 32241 77 1943 Aerial photo, Lands Dept SIX website, http://lite.maps.nsw.gov.au/, Accessed 14 Aug 2012 78 DP 162815 79 LPI, No 3667 Bk 1362 80 DP 1097934
38 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
4.0 Site Analysis
4.1 Site Inspection
An inspection of the site was undertaken on 5 September 2012 by Sally MacLennan and Nina Pollock of GML and Graeme Bleus of PCC. The subject site was inspected for visible archaeological remains or evidence of former ground disturbance, and for elements of built heritage. During the site inspection the current site conditions and context were noted.
Thee site inspection was informed by historical evidence, site plans and aeerial photographs. This evidence is analysed in Section 5.2. During the inspection various aspects of the study area were recorded, including topography, ground levels across the site, depth of baseements and presence of sub-surface services. The following obseervations were made:
The study area slopes gently from the northwest to the southeast (Figure 4.1). A steep bank is present at the south end of the site, where the landscape drops from the shale hillslope down to the alluvial terrace (Figure 4.2).
Comparison between the bank within the depot site, and the continuattion of the bank through Rangihou Reserve suggests that the landform may have been modified (cut, levelled, flattened) from its natural state (Figures 4.2 and 4.3).
The study area is occupied by a variety of structures and surfaces, including buildings, garages, bitumen-surfaced carparking and driveways, grassed areas and mulch/sandstone stockpile areas.
Subsurface services, including extensive stormwater drainage, were evident across the site (Figure 4.4).
The central portion of the site is covered by bitumen sealed surfaces, used for vehicle parking and access (Figure 4.1).
The southern portion of the site (below the grassy bank on the alluvial terrace) is occupied by a bitumen sealed surface, used foor stockpiling mulch and sandstone (Figures 4.5 and 4.6).
The eastern extent of the site is dominated by sealed carpark areas (Figure 4.7).
The eastern boundary of the sitee is elevated up to 1.5m above the aadjacent Morton Street (Figure 4.8).
A small Sydney Water substation is located on the southeastern side of the site (Figure 4.9).
A building housing offices and administrative facilities oriented north––south is located on the eastern side of the site (Figure 4.7). A basement area, used for storage, is cut into the ground below the administrative building (Figure 4.10). The basement area slopes from the north down to the south (Figure 4.11).
Parts of the bitumen-surfaced area between administrative building and the stockpile at the south of the depot has been subject to substantial landscape modification, including cutting and filling activities to create level surfaces for depot use (Figure 4.12)..
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 39
Thee site’s western boundary is occupied by a sandstone-walled garden bed with several mature trees growing within it (Figure 4.13).
Thee western and northern boundaries of the site sits 1–2m below the ground level of adjacent properties, indicating this part of the siite has been substantially cut and llevelled (Figures 4.14–4.16). This has created a level surface for construction and surfacing of the site. Outcrops of shale bedrock are evident at the very northwest corner of the site where the ground has been cut approximately 2m below the adjoining properties (Figure 4.17).
Thee site is primarily used as a storage and vehicle parking facility.
Three main buildings set out in an L-SShaped arrangement along the northern and eastern perimeters. These buildings include:
a linear c1950s blonde face-brick gabled main administration buildingg, oriented north– south along the eastern perimeterr (Figure 4.18);
a U-shaped c1950s blonde face-brick gabled administration building located north of the main administration building (Figure 4.19 and 4.20); and
a linear c1950s blonde face-brick sawtooth workshop/garage building, divided into bays along in the northwest perimeter of the site, with a later corrugated sheet metal lean-to extension attached the north and east elevation (Figure 4.21).
4.2 Geotechnical Investigation
A geotechnical investigation, involving the examination of 15 boreholes across the 11A Morton Street Depot (Figure 4.22), was undertaken by Martens and Associates in 2012.1 The subsurface testing revealed that most of the site is characterised by ‘variable fill overlying residual clays and weathered shales’.2
Boreholes along the northern portion of the site (BH102, BH103, BH106, BH109, BH115) indicate that weathered shale sits less than 1m below the current ground surface. At these locations the shale is overlain by a thin layer (approximately 30cm) of residual clays.
Boreholes further south, toward the centre of the site (BH104, BH105, BH107, BH108), show that soils are characterised by mixed clay fill deposits up to 07–1.8m below the currentt ground surface. Less than 1m of residual clays sit below the fill. These boreholes encouuntered shale at approximately 1.2–1.8m, indicating the bedrock drops away to the south.
The shale bedrock appears to fall away steeply further to the south—it is encountered at 3.5m in BH110, and all boreholes further south (BH111, BH112, BH113) were terminated in residual clays or sandy clays. BH114, located on the fluvial terrace at the southern extent of the depot, revealed 2.25m of mixed clay fill overlying organic silt. It is likely this silt was deposited naturally by the Parramatta River.
Additional built elements within the site includde a sandstone-walled garden bed along the site’s western boundary with a row of mature trees, a small c1950s blonde face-brick building currently used for storage (that was possibly originallly an amenities block, refer to Figuure 4.22) at the southeast of the site, and concrete walling for the storage of buillding and gaarden materials, adjacent.
40 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
4.3 Analysis
Thee site inspection demonstrated that thhe site has been subject to significantt earthmoving activities, particularly cutting, filling and levelling to create level surfaces suitable for vvehicle and depot use, and construction.
Thee results of the geotechnical investigation support the assertion that the site has been subject to extensive cutting and filling activities. Most of the site, characterised by a shale hillslope, appears to have been cut down into residual B horizon clays which overlie weathered shale. This suggests that natural topsoils and A horizon soils have been removed across the large majority of the 1A Morton Street Depot. At the very south of the site (on the fluvial terrace)) extensive deposits of introduced mixed clay fill sits over natural organic silt; however, it is not possible to tell from the geotechnical report whether the fill was placed over the original ground surface or if it has been cut down and then filled. The bank that separates the hillslope and fluvial terrace has also been heavily modified. It appears to have been significantly cut down and reshaped into a gentler slope when compared to the continuation of the samme bank landform as it runs to the west. This part of the bank sits significantly higher above the fluvial terrace and has a very steep grradient.
No boreholes were made in the carpark area directly between the admiinistrative building and Morton Street. It is not possible to conclusively ascertain whether this area has been cut and/or filled; however, it sits significantly higher than Morton Street directly to its east. It may have been filled.
It is possible that the spoil cut from the site was spread across most of the depot in order to create the level surface now present. It is also possible that this spoil was used to rreshape the bank at the south of the site, with the bank first being cut down and then spoil pushed off the bank to create a gentler slope. Spoil from these cutting activities may also account for the significant fill layer over the natural silt on the fluvial terrace. This may have served to reclaim the nnaturally marshy fluvial terrace in order to make it stable enough for use by Parramatta City Council.
Figure 4.1 View of 1A Morton Street Depot, facing northwest, Figure 4.2 Sloping bank at thee transition between shale hillslope to showing slope from the northwest to the southeast across the central alluvial terrace. (Source: GML 22012) sealed section of the site. (Source: GML 2012)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 41
Figure 4.3 Steep bank landform within Rangihou Reserve, whicch Figure 4.4 Subsurface stormwater drainage at 1A Morton Street. appears to havve been less modified than the bank within 1A Morton (Source: GML 2012) Street. (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 4.5 Grassed bank down to the flat near Parramatta River, Figure 4.6 Bitumen sealed stockpile area at the south of 1A Morton showing sandstone stockpile. (Source: GML 2012) Street Depot. (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 4.7 Carparking area and administrative building on easttern Figure 4.8 Difference in elevation between the eastern boundary of side of 1A Morton Street Depot. (Source: GML 2012) the site (right hand side of picture) and Morton Street. (Source: GML 2012)
42 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 4.9 Sydney Water substation at the southeast of the study Figure 4.10 Sttorage area below the administrative building, cut into area. (Source: GML 2012) the ground. (Source: GML 20122)
Figure 4.11 Storage area below the administrative buiilding, facing Figure 4.12 The area betweenn the administrative building and the north. Note the slope from the north down towards thee south. stockpile area at the south of thhe site has been subject to substantial (Source: GML 2012) landscape modification, including cutting. (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 4.13 Sandstone-walled garden bed with mature trees along Figure 4.14 Western site bounndary at the north of the depot, the site’s western boundary. (Source: GML 2012) showing the diffference in elevattion between the depot and adjacent properties to the west. (Sourcee: GML 2012)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 43
Figure 4.15 Northwestern corner of 1A Morton Street Depot, Figure 4.16 Northern site boundary, shoowing difference in elevation showing difference in elevation between the depot and adjacentt between the depot and the adjoining proerty. (Source: GML 2012) properties. (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 4.17 Exposed shale outcrop cut through at the northwest Figure 4.18 Morton Street Depot north--south administration building. corner of the site. (Source: GML 2012) (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 4.19 Morton Street Depot U-shaped administration building. Figure 4.20 Morton Street Depot worksshop/garage building. (Source: GML 2012) (Source: GML 2012)
44 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 4.21 Morton Street Depot workshop/garage buildiing. Figure 4.22 Morton Street Depot storage building. (Source: GML (Source: GML 2012) 2012)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 45
Figure 4.23 Borehole locations for 2012 geotechnical investigations. (Source: Martens and Associates) 4.4 Endnotes
1 Martens and Associates, July 2012, Contamination and Geotechnical Assessment, Parramatta City Councciil Depot 1A Morton St, Parramatta, prepared for Parramatta City Council. 2 Ibid, p 13.
46 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
5.0 Aboriginal Archaeology
5.1 Environmental Context
This section provides environmental context information for use in developinng a predictive model of Aboriginal archaeological site locations associated with the study area. Interactions between people and their surroundings are of integral importance in the initial formation, and the subsequent preservation, of the archaeological record. The nature and availability of resources, including water, flora and fauna and suitable raw materials for the manufacture of stone toolls and other items, had (and continues to have) a significant influence over the way in which people utilise the landscape.
Alteerations to the natural environment also impact upon the preservation and integrity of any cultural materials that may have been deposited, while current vegetation and erosioonal regimes affect the visibility and detectability of Aboriginal sites and objects. For these reasons, it is essential to consider the environmental context as a component of any Aboriginal archaeeological assessment.
5.1.1 Geology and Soils
Soil landscape mapping by Chapman and Murphy identifies that the study area is located across two soil landscapes—Lucas Heights to the south, and Blacktown to the north (Figure 5.1).1 The Lucas Heights soil landscape is characterised by moderately deep soils ((50–150cm), which are generally stony with low fertility and low available water capacity. Lucas Heights soils overlie the Mittagong Formation, made up of alternating bands of Ashfield Shale and fine grained Hawkesbury Sandstone.2 The Blacktown soil landsccape consists of soils generally less tthan 100cm deep, with low soil fertility and poor drainage. The Blacktown soil landscape is underllain by the Wianamatta Group of shales.3
Thee transition between the Lucas Heights and Blacktown soil landscapes may explain the discrepancies in the nature of residual soils revealed by the geotechnical testing of the 1A Morton Street site, as discussed in Section 4.2. The point where relatively shallow shale bedrock below the ground surface appears to transition to deep deposits of sandy clay looks to correlate to the change between Blacktown and Lucas Heights soil landscapes (Figure 5.1).
Recent geomorphological investigation by Mitchell has characterised the soils of the Parramatta River floodplain close to Parramatta CBD in more detail.4 Mitchell described the soils of the fluvial terrace in the vicinity of the 1A Morton Street Depot as:
composed of European fill materials dumped on a dark sticky saturated mud (silty clay), with a thin veneer of single grained quartz sand on the surface in the inter-tidal zone within the mangroves. The floodplain here is poorly drained and the fine sediments with a high organic content are typical of the upper estuary.5
Mitchell’s description of the soils of the fluvial terrace on the northern side of the Parramatta River match the results of the geotechnical investigation, as described in Section 4..2.
5.1.2 Landforms and Topography
1A Morton Street sits approximately 50m north of the current edge of the Parramatta River. The southern part of the study area—within 100m of Parramatta River—is located on the floodplain (or fluvial terrace), as described by Mitcheell.6 A natural levee separates the ffluvial terrace from the shalle hillslope that is present on the northern portion of the site, although this bank appears to have been heavily modified. The northern poortion of the site would have naturally been characterised by
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 47
a lower sloope with a moderate gradient, although modern landscape modification has altered the slope to a gentler gradient.
5.1.3 Hydrology
1A Morton Street is located 50m north of the current north bank of the Paarramatta River. Parramatta River drains a considerable area of the Cumberland Plain and Hills District and is a fourth order stream. Tidal influences on the Parramatta River extend as far inland as Parramatta, thus the study area is located close to the transition between freshwaterr and estuarine environments.7 Fresh water could be obtained from Parramatta River upstream of the tidal limits at the rocks, located close to the present Charles Street (approximately 500m west of the study area).
Several smaller streams drain into the Parramatta River close to the study area. Vineyard Creek and Subiaco Creek enter the Parramatta River approximately 1km and 1.3km reespectively to the east of 1A Morton Street. Clay Cliff Creek enters the Parramatta River less than 500m east of the study area, but on the south side of the river.
5.1.4 Vegetation and Fauna
The natural vegetation of the shale hillslope would have been characterised by Cumberland Plain Woodland, consisting of Grey Box (Eucalyptus moluccana) and Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and a grassy understorey.8
The Parramatta River front, just south of the study area, was vegetated with manngrove–saltmarsh complex.9 A remnant area of this wetland vegetation is listed as ‘Wetlands’ (Item 1) on Schedule 5—Environmental Heritage of the Parramatta LEP 2011 (see Section 7.0). The floodplain between the mangrove–saltmarsh and the Cumberland Plain Woodland would have been vegetated by riparian woodland, comprising of salt tolerant swwamp oak.10
The study area, being close to the change from freshwater to tidal water in the Parramatta River, would have meant the area would have contained a range of both freshwater resources, such as fish, eels and turtles, along with salt water species such as crustaceans and shelllfish. Terrestrial fauna was plentiful on the Cumberland Plain and accounts show a range of animals were hunted for food, including kangaroo, possum, wombats, ecchidna, snakes, emu and waterbirds..11
5.1.5 Modern Land Use and Disturbance
The 1A Morton Street Depot has been subject to marginal to intensive physical development since the European occupation of Parramatta from 1788. A more detailed overview of thhe site’s history is included at Section 3.0; this section briefly outlines possible physical disturbancees that may have affected the archaeological potential of the site.
The degree of disturbance that would affect the survival of Aboriginal archaeological remains on the subject site is illustrated in Figure 5.3. The degree of disturbance to each site feature is assessed on a scalee as minor, medium or major:
Minor Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that may have had a minor effect on the integrity and survival of archaeological remains.
Medium Disturbance—the area or featture has been subject to activitiess that may have affected the integrity and survival of archaeological evidence. Archaeological evidence may be present, however it may be disturbed.
48 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Major Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that would have had a major effect on the integrity and survival of archaeological remains. Archaeological evidence may be greatly disturbed or destroyed.
No evidence for buildings on the site has been found prior to the site’s development as the Council depot. The subject site may have been part of the land used to teach pupils of Marsden’s Maori seminary ‘Rangihou’ cultivation, and subsequent plans and images of the area show it as cleared land devoid of structures until the 1950s. Agricultural and pastoral practiices may have caused minor–medium disturbance.
Analysis of the results of geotechnical investigation indicate that most off the 1A Morton Street Depot site—on the shale hillslope north of the bank—has been cut down into natural B horizon clays. All soil profiles capable of bearing Aboriginal archaeological deposits on the shale hillslope have been removed; the only natural soils remaining on the site are expected to be culturally sterile. This landscape modification is likely to have caused major disturbance.
Thee part of the site located on the fluvial has been subject to medium disturbance. The geotechnical information available for this area indicates that a significant amount of mixed fill has been introduced over the natural silt of the floodplain. This fill may consist of the redeposited natural soils from the northern part of the site. It is not possible to tell if this part of the site has been cut ddown and filled, or filled only. Landscape modification activities in this part of the site may have caused medium disturbance.
Parts of the subject site have also been subject to localised disturbance associated with the installation of underground services, including stormwater drains, across the ssite. 5.2 Aboriginal Archaeological Context
5.2.1 Ethnohistory
Thee original Aboriginal inhabitants of the study area would have been among the first Indigenous people to experience the effects of physical and social dislocation as a result of the arrival and settllement at Port Jackson and the establishment of Rose Hill (later Parramatta) in November 1788. Further, epidemics of smallpox dramattically affected the Aboriginal population in Sydney, and across Australia. In 1790 Bennelong estimated to Governor Phillip that over half of Sydney’s original Aboriginal population had died as a result of the smallpox epidemiic that broke in 1789.12 Other effects of European colonisation on local Aboriginal populations included loss of access to traditional lands and resources, inter-tribal conflict, starvation, and the brreakdown of traditional cultural practices. The effects of such severe social dislocation may have dramatically altered some aspects of the lives of local Aboriginal people recorded by early European obbservers.
Early accounts record the local inhabitants at Parramatta as the ‘Burramattugal’—the word from which the name Parramatta is derived. Parramatta translates as ‘the place where eels lie down’ or ‘the head of the river’. The Burramattugal were an inland clan of the Darug people, who occupied Western Sydney.13
Parramatta River, in the vicinity of the study area, was a resource-rich area as it is located at the tidal extremity of the river. From here, Aboriginal people had access to a wide range of freshwater, estuarine and terrestrial floral and faunal resources. Eel and river fish were vital riverine resources which were exploited by the Burramattugal, and shell middens in the upper estuarine reaches of the Parramatta River indicate shellfish were also a popular food. The river was also used extensively
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 49
for transport—bark canoes were commonly used by local Aboriginal people while fishing and travelling on the Parramatta River.
Aboriginal people also used traditional land management practices to assist in hunting various native animals for meat and skins. Firing wass used to create grassed open spaces where animals could graze, making it easier to hunt them. This accounts for the ‘park like’ environment noted by several European settlers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.14
Europeans settled along the south side of the Parramatta River in 1788. Iniitial contact was primarily centred on trade and barter, although the first few decades of European occupation were also marked by tensions between the two populations. An annual feast for Sydney’s Aboriginal population was established by Macquarie, and it was held at Civic Place. The feast was designed to promote the new Native Institution, set up bby William Shelley with Macquarie’ss support, to give Aboriginal children a European education. Around 60 Aboriginal people attended the first meeting in December 1814, with attendance numberss increased to around 300 in 1818. The event was discontinued in 1835. Commissioner Bigge noted that from the 1820s Aboriginal populations had diminished greatly in the vicinity of towns annd settled areas. This is likely to be the case at Parramatta, as there was a change in focus for Aboriginal settlement from Parramatta to Blacktown.15
5.2.2 Relevant Local Literature
The study area has not been subject to previous Aboriginal archaeological studies. A number of Aboriginal archaeological investigations have bbeen undertaken in Parramatta, mostly on the south side of the Parramatta River within Parramatta’s CBD, which are relevant for the current assessment. The results of some of these studies are briefly discussed below.
Mary Dallas 2003—Parramatta City Coouncil Aboriginal Heritage Study
In 2003 Mary Dallas Consulting Archaeoloogy created a broad zoning plaan of Aboriginal archaeological sensitivity across Parramatta LGA as a management tool for Parramatta City Council.16 Based on the current zoning plan and the site’s proximity to water, 1A Morton Street was designated as having low Aboriginal archaeologgical sensitivity.
Since 2003 extensive research into the nature of Aboriginal occupation and archaeeology has been undertaken in Parramatta and across the Cumberland Plain. This has allowed the predictive model for Aboriginal site location to become more highly refined. This assessment takes into consideration this subsequent body of literature and modelling, as outlined throughout this Section.
Jo McDonald 2004—1 Smith Street, Parramatta
In 2004 Jo McDonald Cultural Heritage Management undertook archaeological tesst excavation at 1 Smith Street (now the Sydney Water site), approximately 1km southwest of the study area. Prehistoric soil profiles were identified at the site but revealed very low artefactt densities. The assemblage was co-dominated by quartz and silcrete materials, which contradicted the local model suggesting that silcrete was the predominant raw material used in stone tool manufacture in the Parramatta region. Evidence of occupation reeflected patterns associated more witth transient, non- residential occupation rather than intensive and sustained occupation.
50 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Jo McDonald 2005—CG1 (Corner of Charles and George Streets) Parramatta
In 2005, Jo McDonald Cultural Heriitage Management completed the report on Aboriginal archaeological salvage works on the northeast corner of Charles and George Street, approximately 500m west of the study area. This involved the hand excavation of over 210m2 and machine excavation of 250m2 of site CG1 (45-5--2648). Despite extensive European occupation of the site from 1804, including the construction of a brewery in 1836 and warehouses from the 1960s, intact soil profiles of the Parramatta Sand Terraace were located beneath the European layers. Over 6,500 stone artefacts were recovered from the site, including silicified tuff and silcrete raw materials, ground edge axes and grindstone technology and evidence of living flooors and hearths were located. The excavation area revealed a continuous dispersal of artefacts, with some concentrations of moderate–high density artefact scatters indicating areas where localised knapping occurred. The site had high spatial integrity, and indicated there were multiple phases of prehistoric occupation. The spatial organisation of different localised activity areas inddicated that the use of this part of the Parramatta River foreshore, at the river’s upper tidal reaches, was highly patterned.17
Jo McDonald 2005—109–113 George Street, Parramatta
Also in 2005, Jo McDonald Cultural Heritage Management completed the report on Aboriginal archaeological salvage works at site RTTA-G1 at 109–113 George Street, approximately 500m west of the study area. A total of 4,181 stone artefacts were recovered from an excavated area of 132m2 of the Parramatta Sand Terrace body. A date of 30,735 ± 407 years BP was obtained from charrcoal samples near the base of the deposit, which is the oldest date of Aboriginal occupation of the Sydney region.18 This site demonstraates changes in raw material and technology use over time. Thee earliest dates from the sequence are dominated by silicified tuff artefacts, which become less frequent at c6000–8000 years BP, when silcrete begins to become the prefferred raw material and Bondaian technologies dominate.19
Austral Archaeology 2007—95–101 George Street, Parramatta
A salvage excavation was completed at 95–101 George Street, approximattely 600m southwest of the study area. The site was previously identified as a Potential Archaeologgical Deposit (PAD) due to the proximity to the river and likelihood of Aboriginal artefacts and the Parramatta Sand Terrace to exist at this location. A total of 601 stone artefacts were recovered from the excavation, with tuff representing almost half of the assemblage and smaller frequencies off fine-grained siliceous materials, silcrete, chert, quartz, quarrttzite, volcanic material and petrified wood. Cores and retouched flakes represented approximately 2% each of the assemblage.20
Jillian Comber 2010—140 Macquarie Street, Parramatta
In 2010 Jillian Comber undertook Aboriginal archaeological testing and salvage for the replacement of the Union Street Switching Station, approximately 600m southwest of the study area. During testiing 55 artefacts (both stone and worrked glass) were recovered, and over 3,000 artefacts were retrieved during subsequent salvage. The excavation confirmed the presence of the Parramatta Sand Terrace at the site, and revealed that this area was naturally swamp land close to the Parramatta River. Resources from the swamp may have been exploited by Aboriginal people in the past. Preparation of the final excavation report is still underway, and once completed may reveal occupation dates able to be compared with other sites in Parramatta and the wider Cumberland Plain.21
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 51
Godden Mackay Logan 2012—7–9 Victoria Road, Parramatta
During the course of historical archaeological excavations at 7–9 Victoria Road (approximately 1km northwest of the study are) GML recovered ninne Aboriginal stone artefacts. All artefacts were made of silcrete, and were located in historically disturbed contexts such as fill deposits within postholes and wells. No intact soil profiles or archaeoloogical deposits were identified, but demonstrated that Aboriginal archaeological evidence is sometimes present within historical archaeological layers of occupation.22
5.2.3 AHIMS Search
An extensive search of the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS) database administered by the OEH was undertaken on 8 August 2012 (Appendix A). Twenty-six registered sites are located within approximately 2km of the study area (Figure 5.2). Seventeen potential archaeological deposits (PADs) and 10 artefact concentrations are registered (one site has a PAD and artefact concentration attributed to the one AHIMS number).
The AHIMS results indicate that PADs and artefact concentrations are the most commonly recorded Aboriginal archaeological sites in the Parramatta area. The pattern revealed by thhe AHIMS search also shows a large concentration of sites around Parramatta’s CBD. This pattern may be accounted for a couple of reasons. Firstly, it may indicate that the Parramatta CBD area was a centre of Aboriginal occupation, due to the favourable environment created by the Parramatta Sand Terrace body, as discussed in Section 5.2.2. This pattern is, however, also likely to have been heavily biased by the extensive amount of recent development in the Parramatta CBD. Although very few sites have been registered on the northern side of the Parramatta Riverr, this absence is more likely to reflect the slower pace of redevelopment rather than indicating that tthis area was not occupied and used by local Aboriginal populations. 5.3 Assessment of Aboriginal Archaeological Potential
This assessment of Aboriginal archaeological potential is based on the above analysis of the site’s environmental and archaeological context, and the findings of the site inspection and geotechnical investigation as presented in Section 4.0, as well as historic aerials and plans.
Archaeological studies in the Parramatta area suggest the environment found on thhe southern side of the river would have been a preferred location for Aboriginal occupation, due tto the favourable environmental conditions created by the Parramatta Sand Terrace. This perception is encouraged by a lack of recorded AHIMS sites on the northern side of the Parramatta River (Figgure 5.2).
Although the environment of the southern bank of the river may have been favourabble for Aboriginal occupation, this does not preclude the likelihood of substantial Aboriginal use of the northern bank of the river. Aboriginal archaeological evidence is common on lower slopes on underlying shale geology across the Cumberland Plain.23 Further, the site’s proximity to permanent freshwater and diverse resources may have made the lower slopes on the northern bank of the Parramatta River, including the 1A Morton Street Depot, a favourable activity location. It is possible that the area could have been used for camping or other subsistence activities that may havee been physically manifested through concentrations of stone objects.
It is unlikely that the naturally swampy fluvial terrace would have been used extensively for sustained occupation; however, it may have been used for resource gatherring around the mangroves and wetlands. Artefact deposits in this area are likely to have been incidental (eg
52 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
discarded during resource collection) rather than the result of large-scale or repeated occupation where activities such as artefact producttion occurred.
While the study area, particularly the lower shale hillslope, may have had potential for Aboriginal archaeological deposits to be present, the site inspection and geotechnical investigation has revealed that the very large majority of the 1A Morton Street Depot has been subject to extensive cuttiing and filling activities that is likely to have destroyed any natural soils capable of bearing archaeological deposits. The borelogs included in the geotechnical report show that the site has been cut into the natural clay overlying shale at the north of the site, and into the natural sandy clay further to the south of the site. Natural clay deposits such as these are typically culturally sterile. Thee northern part of the site has expeerienced heavy disturbance to soil profiles that could yield Aboriginal archaeological deposits (Figurre 5.3).
Thee southern extent of the 1A Morton Street Depot may have only eexperienced moderate disturbance. It was not possible to determine from the site inspection of geotechnical investigation whether the site had been cut and then filled with introduced mixed clays (posssibly redeposited spoil from earthmoving on the northern part of the site), or had just been filled on top of the natural ground surface. This portion of the site has been moderately disturbed (Figure 5.3).
Thee heavy disturbance to soil profiles capable of supporting Aboriginal arrchaeological evidence indicates that this part of the site has low–nil Aboriginal archaeollogical potential. The southern part of the site, on the fluvial terrace, has been moderately disturbed; however, this landform is not likely to have been used by Aboriginal people in a way that left substantial archaeoological evidence. The southern portion of the site is also conssidered to have low–nil Aboriginal archaeological potential (Figure 5.4).
In summary, based on the analysis undertaken the subject site is consiidered to have low–nil Aboriginal archaeological potential (Figure 5.4)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 53
Figure 5.1 Soil landscapes at 1A Morton Street Depot. (Sourcee: Chapman, GA et al, Soil Landscapes of the Sydney 1:100,000 Sheet map, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, Sydney / Google Earth with GML 2012 additions)
54 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 5.2 Registered AHIMS sites in the Parramatta area. (Source: OEH / Google Earth with GML 2012 additions)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 55
Figure 5.3 Levels of disturbance that would affect Aboriginal archaeological deposits. (Source: Google Earth witth GML additions 2012 additions)
56 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 5.4 Aboriginal archaeological potential at 1A Morton Street Depot. (Source: Google Earth with GML additions 2012)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 57
5.4 Endnotes
1 Chapman, GA and CL Murphy, 1989, Soil Landscapes off the Sydney 1:100 000 Sheet, Soil and Conservvation Service of NSW, Sydney. Chapman GA, Murphy, CL, Tille PJ, Atkinson G and Morse RJ, 2009 Ed 4, Soil Landscapes of the Sydney 1:100,000 Sheet map, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, Sydney. 2 Ibid, pp 26–29. 3 Ibid, pp 30–33. 4 Mitchell, PB, 2008, Nature and distribution of Parramatta Terrace Sand, prepared for Parramatta City Counciil, May 2008. 5 Ibid, p 6. 6 Ibid. 7 Attenbrow, V 2010 (2nd ed), Sydney’s Aboriginal Past: IInvestigating the archaeological and historical reecords, UNSW Press, Sydney. Jo McDonald CHM January 2005, Archaeological Salvage Excavations at Site CG1, Parramattta, NSW, prepared for Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd, pp 10–11. 8 Benson, D and J Howell 1990, Taken for Granted: The bushhland of Sydney and its suburbs, Kangaroo Presss, Sydney, pp 68–69. 9 State Heritage Inventory, ‘Wetland’ Inventory Card. 10 Jo McDonald CHM January 2005, Archaeological Salvage Excavations at Site CG1, Parramatta, NSW,, prepared for Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd, p 10. 11 Attenbrow, V 2002, Sydney’s Aboriginal Past: Investigating the archaeological and historiical records, Univversity of NSW Press, Sydney, p 70–76. 12 Attenbrow, V 2010 (2nd ed), Sydney’s Aboriginal Past: IInvestigating the archaeological and historical reecords, UNSW Press, Sydney, p 21. 13 Dallas, M 2003, Parramatta City Council Aboriginal Culturall Heritage Study, prepared for Parramatta City Coouncil, p 30. 14 Ibid, pp 32–34. 15 Ibid, pp 34–55. 16 Mary Dalllas Consulting Archaeologists 2003, Parramatta City Council Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Study, prrepared for Parramatta City Council. 17 Jo McDonald CHM 2005a, Archaeological salvage excavattion at Site CG1, at the corner of Charles & Georrgge Streets, Parramatta NSW, p i–5. 18 Jo McDonald CHM 2005b, Archaeological salvage excavation of site RTA-G1, 109–113 George Street, Parrramatta, NSW, Report to Landcom. 19 ibid. 20 Austral Archaeology 2007, Aboriginal Salvage Excavation, 101 George Street Parramatta, p 93. 21 Comber, J November 2010, Preliminary Excavation Report—140 Macquarie Street, Parramatta, prepared forr Integral Energy. 22 Godden Mackay Logan in preparation, 7–9 Victoria Road, Post Excavation Report, prepared for SFK Development and Zhinar Architects. 23 White, B and J McDonald, 2010, ‘Lithic Artefact Distribution in the Rouse Hill Development Area, Cumberrlland Plain, New South Wales’, Australian Archaeology, 70, pp 29–38.
58 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
6.0 Historical Archaeological Assessment
6.1 Desktop Analysis
6.1.1 Historical Development
Thee following chronological outline of historical development has been extrapolated from the historical overview presented in Section 3.0. It has particular regard to the physical development of the study area, which may have impliccations for the archaeological record. This analysis has identified five main phases of historical development:
Phase 1: Early History (1788–18222);
Phase 2: Samuel Marsden and Rangihou (1822–1827);
Phase 3: Subdivision (1827–1865);
Phase 4: School and Residential Use (1865–1958); and
Phase 5: Parramatta Council Depot (1958–Present).
Phase 1: Early History (1788–1819)
Thee subject site was marginal to the development of Parramatta and from 1791 was within Town Boundary Farms No. 7, which was farmed by settlers from the Sirius.
Thee c1790 plan shows a small structure in the southeast corner of Town Boundary Farm No 7, which may place it within the Morton Street Depot site (Figure 3.1). Other historical documentation datinng to 1790 records a hut and other structural elements on the site.
No documentary evidence exists for any other specific development withinn the study area during Phase 1 (1788–1819).
Phase 2: Samuel Marsden and Rangihou (1819–1827)
Samuel Marsden established ‘Rangihou’—a seminary for Maoris—on the northern side of the Parramatta River in 1819. Rangihou cottage was located to the west of the1A Morton Street Depot site; however, it is possible that the subject site was part of the land set aside to instruct the Maori students in agriculture. These 112 acres, which included the 1A Morton Street site, was formally granted to Marsden in 1822. While the seminary closed in 1822, the estate remained in Marsden’s possession.
Phase 3: Subdivision (1827–1865)
By 1827 Marsden’s seminary had been closed, and Rangihou cottage was leased by John Raine, who renamed it ‘Westgrove’. The Westtgrove estate, as described in Section 3.0, comprised only approximately 27 acres of Marsden’s laarger estate. The 1A Morton Street Depot site does not appear to fall within the Westgrove parcel.
Thee subject site was instead considered part of Marsden’s Newlands Estatte (the larger portion of his original 112 acres). Part of this parcel was sold by Samuel Marsden to Pieter Laurentz Campbell in 1837. Campbell constructed his own ‘Newlands’ house to the north of the subject site. It was sold to Jane Catherine Marsden (MMrs Thomas Marsden) in 1839. The subject site appears to
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 59
have remained undeveloped during this perriod. The available historical information does not indicate how the subject site was used during this time, or whether any structures or other elements were built on the site.
Phase 4: School and Residential Usee (1865–1958)
The subject site, as part of the grounds of Newlands House (built by Campbell, rennamed Broughton House in this period) was used as a schoolhouse between 1865 and 1876, and again as a private residence from 1876–1908. From 1908 until 1958 the site was owned by the King’s School. Broughton House was used as a boarding house for students.
Aerial photographs from 1930 and 1943 show tthat the northern portion of the site formed part of the gardens of Broughton House, while the southern portion of the site was cleared with no further improvements (Figures 3.17 and 3.18).
Phase 5: Parramatta Council Depot (1958–Present)
King’s School sold the subject site to PCC inn 1958. Since then the site has been cut, filled and levelled to facilitate the operation of PCC’s Depot. Most of the site is currently covvered in asphalt, and three buildings and six underground petrol tanks (decommissioned) are also present on the site.
6.1.2 Previous Historical Archaeological Studies
Two previous desktop archaeological assessments are of relevance to the current archaeological assessment.
Peter Douglas 1994—Samuel Marsden’s Seminary for Maoris at Parramatta
In 1994 Peter Douglas undertook an archaeological assessment of the site of Marssden’s Rangihou cottage.1 The study was commissioned by Te Iwi Maori NSW Inc and was intendeed to assess the significance of the site of Marsden’s Rangihou Seminary.
Douglas’ study area focused on the site of the original cottage at Rangihou, annd covered nine suburban residential allotments immediately west of the 1A Morton Street Depot ssite (Figure 6.1). 1A Morton Street was not included in Douglas’ study.
Douglas identified several features that may date to the nineteenth century, including a cistern, brick chimney base and a sandstone pathway. No features were able to be conclusively associated with Rangihou cottage or Marsden’s occupation of the site, although it was concluded that the cistern could date from Marsden’s occupation based on the date of the sandstock bricks and the proximity to the site of Rangihou cottage.
Godden Mackay Logan 2000—PHALMS
The Parramatta Historical Archaeological Landscape Management Study (PHALMS) was commissioned by the NSW Heritage Office and completed by GML in 2000. It was developed as a tool to facilitate planning and decision making about the conservation of Parramatta’s historical archaeological resource and to develop a proactive approach to managing this archaeology with public benefit in mind. PHALMS divided Parramatta into a number of discreet Archaeological Management Units (AMUs) and made recommendations about the research potential and significance of the estimated historical archaeological resource and indicative site requirements for
60 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
the management of this resource. PHALMS was not a detailed archaeological assessment, and detailed historical resource and disturbance assessment was not within the parameters of the study.
Thee depot at 1A Morton Street was assigned as AMU 3026, and was desiignated as having high archaeological research potential.2 It identified the site as being part of the farm assigned to a settller from the Sirius (either Robert Webb or William Reid) in 1790, and thhe farm is recorded as being cleared, with huts constructed on it. The site is also identified as part of the former Broughton Estate, and postulated that it may contain archaeological resources related to the occupation of this estate. The potential archaeological resource was estimated to be of Local significance. 6.2 Site Disturbance
Thee degree of disturbance that would affect the survival of historical archaeological remains on the subject site is illustrated in Figure 6.2. The degree of disturbance to each site feature is assessed on a scale as minor, medium or major:
Minor Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that may have had a minor effect on the integrity and survival of archaeological remains.
Medium Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that may have affected the integrity and survival of archaeological evidence. Archaeological evidence may be present; however, it may be disturbed.
Major Disturbance—the area or feature has been subject to activities that would have had a major effect on the integrity and survival of archaeological remains. Archaeological evidence may be greatly disturbed or destroyed.
Owing to the natural slope of the land, the subject site has been modified to provide level surfaces for the construction and operation of the PCC depot that currently occcupies the site. The geotechnical investigation indicated that the entire site north of the bank has been cut into residual B horizon clays, indicating that natural topsoils and A horizon soils have been removed across almost all of the 1A Morton Street site. The bank itself appears to have beeen heavily modified as it seems to have been significantly cut down and modified to have a gentler slope. These cutting and earthmoving activities have caused major disturbance across most of tthe site north of, and including, the bank.
Parts of the site have also been subject to further major disturbance associated with the construction of depot infrastructure, including excavation for the basemment level beneath the administrative building, and excavation for the installation of underground tanks to the south of the workkshop building.
Parts of the site have also been subject to localised disturbance associated with the installation of underground services across the site.
At the very south of the site (on the fluvial terrace) extensive deposits of inttroduced mixed clay fill sits over natural organic silt; however, it is not possible to tell from the geotechnical report whether the fill was placed over the original ground surface or if it has been cut down and then filled. This mixed fill may be redeposited clays removed during earthmoving activities oon the northern part of 1A Morton Street. This part of the site is considered to have had medium dissturbance.
No geotechnical information was available for most of the site’s eastern bouundary. This part of the site sits up to 1.5m above the adjacent Morton Street, and it thus appears to have been filled to
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 61
create a level platform for carparking. As no evidence to the contrary is available, itt is assumed that this area has experienced minor disturbance (Figure 6.2).
This report assesses the level of disturbance at the 1A Morton Street Depot to be more major than originally estimated by PHALMS. The geotechnical report, combined with site-speecific assessment of its history, has facilitated a refined assessment of the level of disturbance exxperienced at the Morton Street Depot. Areas of the site that have been subject to disturbance are inndicated in Figure 6.2. 6.3 Assessment of Historical Archaeological Potential
While the site was included in land occupied by settlers from the Sirius as early as 1791, the site has remained largely undeveloped through various phases of ownership, until the construction of the Council depot on the site after 1958.
The site may have contained a small hut and other associated features dating to Phase 1 (1788– 1819) around the centre of the Morton Street Depot site. Owing to the major disturbance experienced across most of the site, it is liikely that these areas have low–nil archaeological potential for features from this period to survive (Figure 6.3). The eastern edge of the site, where it is assumed only minor disturbance has occurred, has low potential for associateed archaeological evidence to exist (Figure 6.3). Archaeological evidence may include structural remains (probably limited to postholes from a timber structure), evidence of unrecorded outbuildingss such as privies, wells or livestock pens, or other unrecorded features/deposits such as rubbish pitss, yard surfaces, artefact scatters or ecological samples.
The site was part of the land formally granted to Samuel Marsden in 1822, but remained undeveloped during Marsden’s ownership (Phase 2). Part of the site may have been used for agricultural training and site elements associated with this use may have included plantings, pathways, garden beds, drainage features, fencelines and other features. Potential archaeological evidence aassociated with this use may include paving or other surfaces associated with former pathways, garden edging, evidence of former fencelines, archaeo-botanical evidence, drains and other deposits and features. However, as the available historical evidence provides no details about how the site may have been used during this period, the nature, location and integrity of any surviving archaeological evidence from this phase would be impossible to predict.
The northern portion of the site was part of the gardens of Newlands House/Broughton House Phase 3—1865–1958), and included landscaping elements such as plantings, garden beds, pathways, driveways, drainage and other garden features. However, much of this area has been subject to major disturbance associated with leevelling and terracing as part of the construction of the Council depot facilities. Archaeological evidence associated with this phase in partts of the northern portion of the site may have included paving or other surfaces associated with formmer pathways or driveways, garden edging, evidence of former fencelines, archaeo-botanical evidence, drains and other deposits and features. Most of this part of the site has been subject to major disturbance.
The site has some potential to contain evidence associated with incidental or unrecorded use of the area, fromm all historical phases, in areas of the site that have not been subject to major disturbance. Such evidence may include artefact scatters, isolated artefacts, rubbiish pits, or other deposits or features associated with marginal use of this area. However, the nature and location of any such evidence would be impossible to predict.
62 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Thee site is assessed as generally having low potential to contain arrchaeological evidence associated with the historical use and development of the area. Any potential evidence at the site is likely to be limited to fragmentary or ephemeral evidence associated with marginal or incidental use of the area during the nineteenth and eaarly twentieth centuries. Any evidence that may survive at the site is likely to have been subject to at least minor disturbance (Figure 6.3).
Areas of the site that have been subject to major disturbance would hhave low–nil historical archaeological potential (Figure 6.3). The eastern edge of the site, wherre minor disturbance is assumed, would have low archaeological potential (Figure 6.3).
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 63
Figure 6.1 Study area investigation during Peter Douglas’ 1994 archaeological assessment. (Source: Douglas, P 1994, Historical Archaeological Assessment of the site of Reverend Samuel Marsden’s Seminary For Maoris at Parramatta, Figurre 3)
64 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 6.2 Plan indicating areas of the site that have been subject to disturbance. (Source: GML 2012)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 65
Figure 6.3 Plan indicating the historical archaeological potential of the site. (Source: GML 2012)
6.4 Endnotes
1 Douglas, P, September 1994, Historical Archaeological Assessment of the site of Reverend Samuel Marsden’s Seminary For Maoris at Parramatta, prepared for Te Iwi Maori Inc (Australia). 2 PHALMS 2000 Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3026, State Heritage Inventory Card.
66 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
7.0 Built Heritage
7.1 Heritage Items Within the Site
The subject site was inspected to identify and assess built heritage and associated elements, including significant historic views to and from the subject site.
The group of brick buildings described in Section 4.3 present architectural features common to 1950s utilitarian buildings, and were likely constructed along with establishment of the depot site in 1958. The buildings remain largely intact and in good condition, apart from internal office fit out and the corrugated sheet metal addition to the workshop/garage. They are of limited historical value for their association with the establishment of the Morton Street Depot site and the operation and management of lands within Parramatta LGA. The built elements at the Morton Street Depot site are not considered to possess heritage value.
There are no statutory listed heritage items located within the subject site. 7.2 Heritage Items Within the Vicinity
There are heritage items of Local, State and National significance (not listed on the National Heritage Register) in the wider vicinity of the subject site, including those identified in Schedule 5 of the Parramatta LEP 2011 and on the SHR.
The following table includes heritage items that are within the vicinity of the site:
Table 7.1: Heritage Items within the wider vicinity of the Morton Street Depot site
Item Heritage Item Statutory Listings Level of Distance from Visual no. Significance Morton Street Connection Depot 1 Broughton House: 43a State Heritage Register State 20m north Yes Thomas Street (SHR) Parramatta LEP 1302 2 Wetlands: Parramatta Parramatta LEP 1 Local 20m south Yes River 3 Wavertree and Palms Parramatta LEP 534, 522 Local 20m west Yes 4 Site of Rangihou No statutory listing Unassessed 100m west Yes Seminary (approximate) 5 Area of National No statutory listing National 150m south Yes Significance Parramatta DCP 6 Hambledon Cottage State Heritage Register State 400m south Yes and Trees (SHR) Parramatta LEP 504 7 Elizabeth Farm and State Heritage Register State 500m southeast Yes Public Reserve (SHR) Parramatta LEP 00001 00285
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Item Heritage Item Statutory Listings Level of Distance from Visual no. Significance Morton Street Connection Depot 8 Elizabeth Farm Parramatta LEP State 400m southeast Yes Conservation Area 9 Experiment Farm State Heritage Register State 500m southwest Yes (SHR) Parramatta LEP 00768 10 Experiment Farm Parramatta LEP State 400m southwest Yes Conservation Area 11 Our Lady of Lebanon No statutory listing Local 500m south Yes Church 12 Gasworks Bridge: 198 Parramatta LEP 487 Local 150m west No (adj) George Street 13 Newlands Gates and Parramatta LEP 5 Local 150m west No Plantings: 1 Macarthur 44 Street 14 HMAS Parramatta State Heritage Register Local 150m south No Shipwreck and (SHR) Memorials Parramatta LEP 01676 15 Queens Wharf Reserve Parramatta LEP 489 Local 150m south No and Stone Wall 16 Macarthur House State Heritage Register State 200m northeast No (SHR) Parramatta LEP 00050
The subject site is within identified views to and from the Area of National Significance, which includes Elizabeth Farm, Experiment Farm, Our Lady of Lebanon Church and Hambledon Cottage, and is further discussed in Section 7.2.5.
7.2.1 Broughton House: 43a Thomas Street (SHR, CPHI 1302)
Description
Broughton House is State heritage listed two-storey Victorian Regency style villa, designed in 1835 by John Verge for Reverend Samuel Marsden (1764-1838). The rendered brick villa features faceted, curved bay sections, French doors opening to verandahs and a slate hipped roof. The house is set within generous grounds which have been significantly reduced by development infill and encroachment; however, some remnant plantings provide evidence of the grandeur of the former Broughton House estate. Broughton House was the home of Marsden’s daughter Jane, and at one time was used as a boarding house for The King's School. It survives as part of Parramatta Nursing Home.
68 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 7.1 Map showing built heritage items within the wider vicinity of the subject site. Note: the identified heritage items that are not are not considered within the vicinity of the subject site. (Source: Parramatta City Council interactive map—heritage with GML overlay)
Statement of Significance
The NSW SHI database contains the following statement of significance for the item:
Broughton House is an item of State significance, being a notable example of a Victorian Regency style house that reflects the social and economic status of the wealthier free settler who played an essential part in the establishment of New South Wales. It has strong associations with the Marsden family and the King's School. It has association with educational, religious, scientific and literary training through William Woolls School and Kings School. It is the sole remaining home of a series of quality residences which faced south over the Parramatta River such as the Vineyard (Subiaco), Newlands (Athole) Pemberton Grange and Waddon Estate (Palmer Family) (Brown 1998).
Professional, trade and manufacturing practice - a notable example of an Victorian Regency style house. It also has a strong association with the Marsden family and Kings School (LEP, 1997).
A picturesque house which is valued for its aesthetic attributes (Criterion F.1). It is an architecturally significant example of the Victorian Regency style (Criterion F.1). One of the few surviving early houses of Parramatta
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 69
(Criterion B.2). It is important for its close associations with the prominent Marsden family for whom it was built and with the King's School which used the house for boarding pupils between 1908 and 1965 (Criterion H.1). It is also important for its historic associations with the early development of Parramatta (Criterion A.4)(RNE, 1991).
Relationship to the Subject Site
Broughton House comprises the northern portion of the current Parramatta Aged Care Facility immediately north of the Morton Street Depot. The house does not retain any visual connections towards the depot, as later Aged Care Facility buildings south of Broughton House have intruded between the subject site and the heritage listed house. There is also a substantial change of level between the two sites that further impedes views. Notwithstanding this, the cultural landscape and marker trees associated with the house can be seen above the roof lines of the Aged Care Facility, and comprises part of Parramatta’s northern ridgeline when viewed from the south of Parramatta River.
Opportunities and Constraints
Recent development has impacted the visual connection between Broughton House and the subject site. The house’s cultural landscape is prevalent in northern views from all points within the depot, including historic marker trees that extend into the skyline and designate the location of Broughton House.
Future proposed development within the subject site should preserve northern views towards the historic cultural landscape of Broughton House when viewed from within the depot site, and views of the marker trees and northern ridgeline from south of Parramatta River, when viewed from points within the Area of National Significance (discussed below).
As the house is listed on the SHR, any proposed development that affects the setting of the listed curtilage or views to and from the house would require approval from the by the NSW Heritage Council.
A visual impact assessment should be included as part of future heritage impact statements (HIS) to accompany development applications where the proposed development has the potential to impact upon views and the visual curtilage of Broughton House’s historic cultural landscape, as well as views to and from the Area of National Significance.
7.2.2 Wetlands: Parramatta River (CPHI 1)
Description
Located along the foreshores of Parramatta River, the Wetlands consist of remnant wetland vegetation, characterised by mangrove and saltmarsh complex.
Statement of Significance
The NSW SHI database contains the following statement of significance for the item:
The wetlands along Parramatta River are of significance for Parramatta area as remnant representative areas of mangroves and salt marshes which once extensively lined the foreshores and tidal water flats of the region.
70 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Relationship to the Subject Site
The Wetlands are located along the foreshore of Parramatta River, approximately 20m south of the southern boundary to the depot site. The wetlands are visible to the south from all points within the western half of the site. However, share a close topographic connection with the southernmost portion of the site where the embankment of the depot site terminates and the landscape drops to meet the level of Rangihou Reserve to the south.
Development Opportunities and Constraints
The wetlands’ setting, as part of Rangihou Reserve, includes the southern portion of the depot site where the landscape drops to meet the level of the Reserve. Future development should retain this landscape feature and its setting as publically accessible open space.
Proposed development within the embanked depot site adjacent to its setting (as identified above) should sympathetically respond to the topography of the natural landscape to ensure the significant natural values of the wetlands and its setting are not overwhelmed by development.
Any proposed development at the Morton Street Depot site would be considered to be in the vicinity of the listed wetlands. As such, an HIS should be prepared to accompany the DA where the proposed development has the potential to affect the natural heritage significance of the wetlands and its setting.
7.2.3 Wavertree and Palms: 10 New Zealand Street and rear of 5, 7 & 9 Rangihou Crescent (CPHI 534, 522)
Description
Wavertree is a fine early Victorian single-storey sandstone cottage built and designed by James Houison in 1840 as a wedding present for his daughter Annie, who married Captain Fairclough. Wavertree is named after Houison’s birthplace in Scotland. The cottage is located on a rise, and would have originally enjoyed expansive views across the Parramatta River. A separate site approximately 30m south of the cottage which was originally part of the larger Wavertree estate contains five palm trees that originally lined a driveway running north–south from Parramatta River to the cottage. The trees remain, but the site has since been subdivided and developed. The palms now located within the rear yard of properties 5, 7 and 9 Rangihou Crescent. Wavertree and the five palms remain privately owned by separate owners.
Statement of Significance
The NSW SHI database contains the following statement of significance for the item:
The house Wavertree is of significance for the local area for its historical and aesthetic values, for its association with Captain Fairclough and his father in Law James Houison (builder of this house) and as a representative and rare example of large Victorian Georgian style house in the local area.
Relationship to the Subject Site
Wavertree is located on New Zealand Ave, approximately 20m west of the northern portion of the subject site; however, the house is not visible from the subject site due to intermediary trees and residential buildings. Some trees from the garden remain visible from the northwest portion of the site. The Palms are located separately, approximately 50m west of the southern portion of the site, and are partially visible behind the trees on the southern portion of the site.
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Development Opportunities and Constraints
Wavertree is significant for its historic connection running north–south between the Parramatta River, The Palms, Wavertree and the northern ridgeline beyond. As the Morton Street Depot is located to the east of this historic connection, it is not foreseen that development within the subject site would have an impact upon Wavertree’s historic visual connections.
However, any proposed development within the western portion of the subject site should be designed to ensure that the values of Wavertree House, The Palms and their setting, are not impacted by development.
Any proposed development at the Morton Street depot site would be considered to be in the vicinity of Wavertree and the Palms. As such, an HIS should be prepared to accompany the DA where the proposed development has the potential to affect the heritage significance of the items and their setting.
7.2.4 Site of Rangihou Seminary
Background
As discussed in Section 3.0 and Section 6.0, 1A Morton Street is located on part of the land formerly used by Samuel Marsden as Rangihou, the seminary for Maoris he established at Parramatta. The site of Rangihou cottage was located approximately 100m west of the 1A Morton Street site; however, the land incorporated in the Rangihou estate is likely to have included Rangihou Reserve, 1A Morton Street and the residential allotments south of New Zealand Street and east of Macarthur Streets.
Description
Most of the area that originally formed Rangihou is now covered by residential allotments located off Macarthur and New Zealand Streets and the Council depot at 1A Morton Street. Part of the Parramatta River floodplain, also originally part of Rangihou, is managed by Parramatta City Council as Rangihou Reserve.
Peter Douglas undertook archaeological survey and historical research in 1994 in an attempt to identify if any archaeological features are present in the area, and if they were associated with Marsden’s seminary.1 No evidence of the cottage was identified; however, a cistern was located that could be associated with the original Rangihou cottage (see Section 6.1.2).
Statement of Significance
No statement of significance has been prepared for the wider site of the Rangihou seminary that acknowledges the intangible heritage values of the site. Douglas prepared the following statement of significance for the area he surveyed in 1994:
The study area contains no archaeological material that can be securely associated with the Reverend Samuel Marsden's Seminary for Maoris, although the cistern recorded on Lot C DP 348107 may be related to this phase of occupation. The site of the Seminary was located entirely within Lot 2 as shown in DP 587055. This is now owned by the Housing Commission of NSW which developed pensioner housing on the allotment approximately ten years ago. This development resulted in destruction of the site.
The cistern mentioned above is of exceptional significance because of its rarity and integrity.
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Lots 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 as shown in DP 27317 do not contain visible or in situ archaeological material and are assessed as being of little or no significance.2
Relationship to the Subject Site
The location of the former Rangihou seminary and the 1A Morton Street site share a significant historic relationship. As the Morton Street Depot was likely part of the lands originally used in educating Maori pupils in agricultural pursuits, it has strong historical associations with Samuel Marsden, the Maori students and the introduction of the Christian faith to the Maori. For these reasons the site of the Rangihou seminary, including 1A Morton Street, is of significance to the Maori community in Australia and New Zealand.
These intangible values continue to be commemorated by the contemporary Maori community every two years. The Ngapuhi Day Festival is coordinated by Nga Uri o Rahiri Inc with the support of Parramatta City Council, and is held on Rangihou Reserve, and within the publicly accessible portion of the Morton Street Depot.3 This event celebrates the history of and continuous cultural connection to this place, and has been attended by up to 1,600 community members. An important visual connection exists between the location of the ceremony on the floodplain and the original location of the house on the hillslope above to the northwest.
Development Opportunities and Constraints
The portion of 1A Morton Street on the floodplain adjacent to Rangihou Reserve should remain zoned as public space to enable the continuous cultural practice by the Maori community. Any future development should include provisions for public access to this area. The visual connections between this part of the Morton Street site, Rangihou Reserve and the original location of Rangihou cottage should be conserved.
Any HIS prepared to accompany a DA for future development of 1A Morton Street should consider the heritage value, including intangible significance, of the former site of the Rangihou seminary.
7.2.5 Area of National Significance Special Area, Harris Park Precinct
Background
As discussed in Section 2.0, under the LEP 2011 there are no provisions for Special Areas. The provisions and controls for development and conservation within the Area of National Significance reside in the DCP.
GML was engaged by PCC in 2011 to undertake a planning study of the heritage context and historic views and vistas associated within areas known as Harris Park, Rosehill and Camellia within the Parramatta Local Government Area (LGA). This study identified inconsistencies arising from the specific point–to–point view corridors identified in Appendix 2 of the DCP (refer to Figure 7.16), and proposed a revised views map that updated the historic view corridors and included wider panoramic views and visual connections. The revised views map was proposed to replace the existing map in the DCP, but has not yet been adopted.
This assessment takes into account both the views currently identified in Appendix 2 of the DCP and the revised map prepared by GML in 2011.
The Area of National Significance is located within the wider Harris Park Precinct Special Area and contains a number of heritage items, including:
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Hambledon Cottage;
Elizabeth Farm;
Elizabeth Farm Conservation Area;
Experiment Farm;
Experiment Farm Conservation Area; and
Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Church.
Description
The Area of National Significance is located within the Harris Park Precinct Special Area and is bounded to the north by the Parramatta River, by James Ruse Drive to the west and by Harris Street to the east. The southern boundary of the Area is defined by Weston and Prospect streets. Between Good and Harris streets the boundary is located along the rear boundaries of the houses fronting Crown and Brisbane streets.
Elizabeth Farm, Hambledon Cottage and Experiment Farm are contained within it, as is the Harris Park River Special Area. Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm are also designated as Conservation Areas and shown on the Heritage Map in the LEP (refer to appendix). A Maronite church, Our Lady of Lebanon is also contained within the site. It is a contrasting twentieth-century landmark that—while not a heritage listed item in itself—provides evidence of Australia’s postwar migration, and contributes to the later pattern of subdivision and development of the Harris Park area.
The location of Elizabeth Farm house (1793) demonstrates particular physical and visual considerations and characteristics. Indicating picturesque principles of estate design and conforming to the Loudon model4, the siting of Elizabeth Farm house on the first area of level ground above the Parramatta River floodplain provided a pleasing elevated prospect and views to and along the river and across to the northern banks. The estate’s connection to the river was also significant. As with many land grants, natural landforms and features such as rivers were used to physically delineate property boundaries. Elizabeth Farm’s northern boundary is defined by the river, which prior to the advent of rail in the 1850s was a vital transportation route between Sydney and Rosehill.
Given its vantage point, the house was visible from the river and from the properties on the northern river slopes. While Elizabeth Farm was not the first land grant in the area, historic evidence suggests that development at Elizabeth Farm preceded that of surrounding properties. As such, it may be assumed that Elizabeth Farm house was sited and orientated in response to the natural landforms and topography, and development on other lands grants responded and related to Elizabeth Farm House.
James Ruse’s Experiment Farm (1792) was the first formal land grant in the colony. On the northern side of the river were the second, third and fourth land grants. While many of the colonial properties do not survive, the alignments of early land grants are still discernible and reflected in the street patterns, and views south toward Elizabeth Farm, Hambledon Cottage and Experiment Farm are still apparent. Other historic and visual connections between colonial properties were afforded by the natural topography combined with siting and orientation.
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Of State significance in its own right, Experiment Farm (1798) demonstrates similar qualities to that of Elizabeth Farm in response to the physical landscape, combined with aspect, orientation and siting.
Originally part of Elizabeth Farm Estate, Hambledon Cottage (1824) has a strong historical association with the Macarthur family, having been built as a second cottage by John Macarthur. It was occupied by Penelope Lucas, the Macarthur’s governess, for several years.
Reciprocal views between Elizabeth Farm and other colonial properties on the northern banks of the river are a distinguishing characteristic of the Area of National Significance and surrounding land to the north. For example, on the northern banks of the river, Macarthur House (former Moreton House) built in 18575 was orientated towards Elizabeth Farm. Other views and panoramas connect Elizabeth Farm and Harris Park colonial precinct to the trees along the river, Broughton House, Wavertree, and Macarthur Girls High School.
Statement of Significance
There is currently no statement of significance in the DCP for the Area of National Significance. This statement of significance was prepared as part of the planning study, River Road West Planning Study, by GML November 2011, and quotes from the statement of significance included for the area in the (now repealed) SREP 28:
The significance of the Area of the National Significance is related to the Area’s complex multi-layered history and the pattern of change and development through time. The physical, historical and visual setting of the Area is of heritage significance.
The heritage significance of Elizabeth Farm, Experiment Farm and Hambledon Cottage within the Area of National Significance is well documented and established. Both Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm are listed on the State Heritage Register. The properties are also listed on the Register of the National Estate and by the National Trust (NSW). Hambledon Cottage, Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm are all heritage listed in the LEP 2011, as are the Elizabeth Farm and Experiment Farm Conservation Areas.
The Area comprises a number of heritage items and features and is important for the following reasons:
The traditional country of the Barramattagal people.
Early contact and exchange between Aboriginal and early European settlers occurred here.
The first land grant was made here.
The first successful farm and experiments in agriculture were conducted on the land.
Elizabeth Farm house (c1793) is Australia’s oldest surviving building.
Experiment Farm and Hambledon Cottage, both pre-1850 remain.
There is early archaeological evidence of early wharves, stores, a military barracks, stables and barns.
Remnant colonial plantings survive.
Evolving pattern of subdivision and urban development.
Our Lady of Lebanon, Maronite Church, a contrasting 20th century landmark and evidence of Australia’s post-war migration.
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The statement of significance for the Area of National Significance is not included in the DCP. The following excerpts are therefore taken from Appendix 4 of the SREP, however it should be noted that it has since been replaced by the LEP 2011 and is no longer a statutory instrument.
The documentary and physical evidence, combined with the later pattern of subdivision and development, has the ability to demonstrate important aspects of the course and pattern of Australian history at local, State and National levels. As outlined in the statement:
The pattern of subdivision and the pattern of development within that subdivision which provide evidence of the subsequent evolution of the early Colonial grants on the Cumberland Plain, from broad acre pastures to present day suburbia. The gradual growth of that suburbia, a response to fluctuations in the economy and the demand for housing, is clearly illustrated in the great range of house sites from the 1890s until the 1960s when all the allotments were finally taken up and built upon6.
Another key aspect of the significance of the Area included in the Parramatta Regional Planning Strategy Statement of Significance relates to the three historic properties and the historic and visual interrelationships between them within the broader landscape setting (comprising the river and valley). As the statement explains:
These early buildings, by their siting on gentle or steep rises above the river valley, and by their visual relationship with each other and with other buildings outside the precinct, with the river and its wharves and warehouses, and with the town’s activities, demonstrate the conscious way in which the early development of Parramatta responded to the landscape, used it to highlight important places, and in reverse, attempted to mould it to 18th century ideals of a cultivated (civilised) landscape. These principles governed the early layout of Sydney, and the layout of Parramatta, where it is still evident.7
The significance of the historic relationships and visual connections between the three historic properties and the broader cultural landscape setting, including the Parramatta River, Clay Cliff Creek and the surrounding valley, and the expansive panorama to the north, are particularly important to note.
Significant Historic Views
The DCP identifies three distinct view corridors that affect the subject site, nos 3, 4 and 15 (refer to Figure 7.16). These views were reviewed and revised as part of GML’s planning study for the area. All three views were confirmed to still be extant; however, nos 3 and 4 were combined as part of a revised panoramic view from Elizabeth Farm north towards the northern ridgeline. View no. 15 was retained as corridor view no. 5. An additional two panoramic views from Experiment Farm and Rangihou Reserve were identified as part of the planning study and include parts of the Morton Street depot site.
The following description of views is taken from the 2011 planning study:
A number of historic views affect the subject site. These Historic views are a key element of the Area of National Significance. These views are to/from the southern/northern banks of the Parramatta River and to/from a range of heritage items and landscape features.
Historic views to and from the Area of National Significance affecting the subject site are as follows.
Panoramic views from the northern side of river.
Corridor views along north-south streets (Morton Street in particular).
76 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
The trees of Hambledon Cottage are prominent in views from the north (particularly the tall hoop pine ‘marker’ tree, visible from the eastern portion of the Morton Street Depot).
Our Lady of Lebanon Church is prominent in views from the north (visible from the eastern portion of the Morton Street Depot).
Panoramic views of the northern ridgeline are available from various points in Elizabeth Farm Reserve and Experiment Farm (these are generally filtered views through vegetation).
Vegetation dominates the character within the wider vicinity of Morton St Depot. Due to the predominantly low scale and character of the built form within the Area of National Significance, the mature vegetation provides a canopy and screens much of the development. The vegetation canopy also follows the contours of the natural topography and enables the riparian corridor, the floodplain and hills with ridgeline beyond, to be appreciated.
In some instances available views are filtered by vegetation. In other cases vegetation entirely obstructs many of the significant views identified in the Views Study and Draft DCP. Vegetation greatly affects views from Elizabeth Farm, within the fence and out in the reserve.
Vegetation in the Area of National Significance also contributes greatly to the setting of key heritage items and the sense that it is a historic place. The mature vegetation also enhances the scenic qualities and aesthetic values of the available views.
Relationship to the Subject Site
The Area of National Significance begins approximately 150m south of the Morton Street Depot along the southern foreshore of Parramatta River. It extends a further 600m south and is the predominant southern view from all points of the depot site.
These are presented as a vegetation canopy with prominent marker trees and heritage items protruding above the skyline; specifically the marker trees of Hambledon Cottage, and our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Church, which are most visible in southern views from the eastern portion of the site.
Historically significant panoramic views towards the northern ridgeline are available from various points within the Area of National Significance, and include those identified in Figures 7.16 and 7.17.
Development Opportunities and Constraints
The historic views identified above contribute significantly to the setting of the properties within the Area of National Significance and the sense of place for the Harris Park Precinct and for Parramatta in general. Protection of these views will assist in the conservation of Harris Park and the Area of National Significance, its interpretation and promotion, and protect it from development of an inappropriate height and bulk.
Proposed developments to the Morton Street Depot within the identified panoramic views, view corridors and visual connections identified in Figures 7.16 and 7.17 should not materially affect these identified views. A visual impact assessment should be included as part of future Heritage Impact Statements (HIS) to accompany DAs.
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Figure 7.2 Broughton House north elevation, viewed from Figure 7.3 Northern view towards Broughton House from north of Thomas Street. (Source: GML 2012) Morton St Depot. Note the later brick building completely obscures any views of the house; however, a marker tree is visible (circled). (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 7.4 View facing northeast from the southwest corner of Figure 7.5 View facing north from the south of Morton St Depot, Morton St Depot, note the visible marker trees from Broughton note the visible marker trees from Broughton House garden House garden (circled). (Source: GML 2012) (circled). (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 7.6 Wavertree south elevation, viewed from New Figure 7.7 View of palms in the distance along Rangihou Crescent Zealand Avenue. (Source: GML 2012) from Wavertree. (Source: GML 2012)
78 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 7.8 View towards Wavertree from the northwest portion Figure 7.9 The palms are partially visible through the trees when of the depot site. Note some elements of the garden are visible facing west at the southern portion of the depot site (shown circled). from the site (shown circled). (Source: GML 2012) (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 7.10 View facing north from south of depot site, Figure 7.11 View of the Wetlands facing southwest from the showing the demarkation of the end of the depot embankment. southernmost point of the Morton St Depot. View of the Wetlands The site boundary continues past the fenced area to the facing southwest from the southernmost point of the Morton St approximate location of the line. (Source: GML 2012) Depot. (Source: GML 2012)
Figure 7.12 View of the Wetlands facing southeast from the Figure 7.13 View from northern point of the depot site showing the fenced embankment at Morton St Depot. (Source: GML 2012) vegetation canopy and marker trees protruding above. (Source: GML 2012)
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Figure 7.14 Hambeldon Cottage north elevation, viewed from Figure 7.15 Views of Our Lady of Lebanon Church and the tall Hassall Street, approximately 400m south of the subject site. hoop pine marker tree adjacent to Hambeldon Cottage, viewed from Note the tall hoop pine marker tree to the left. (Source: GML the eastern portion of Morton St depot. (Source: GML 2012) 2012)
80 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 7.16 Views as shown in Appendix 2 of the DCP 2011. (Source: Parramatta City Council)
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Figure 7.17 Historic views map. (Source: Parramatta City Council with GML overlay)
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7.3 Endnotes
1 Douglas, P, September 1994, Historical Archaeological Assessment of the site of Reverend Samuel Marsden’s Seminary For Maoris at Parramatta, prepared for Te Iwi Maori Inc (Australia). 2 Douglas, P, September 1994, Historical Archaeological Assessment of the site of Reverend Samuel Marsden’s Seminary For Maoris at Parramatta, prepared for Te Iwi Maori Inc (Australia), p 27. 3 Mr Kiri Barber, Nga Uri o Rahiri Inc, pers comm October 2012. 4 Colleen Morris and Geoffrey Britton, Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden, NSW: A Survey of selected pre- 1860 Cultural Landscapes, Vol 2, Final Report August 2000, p128 5 Macarthur House (former Morton House) Heritage Branch Inventory Form. 6 Parramatta Regional Planning Strategy 1999, Appendix 4, Statement of Significance—Harris Park Area of National Significance. 70. 7 Parramatta Regional Planning Strategy 1999, Appendix 4, Statement of Significance—Harris Park Area of National Significance. 70.
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84 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
8.0 Significance Assessment
8.1 Preface
A review of the NSW SHI database aand the Parramatta LEP 2011 confirms that the current buildings within the subject site are not listed as heritage items on these registers, nor are they located within a Heritage Conservation Area (HCA) or part of a heritage streetscape.
Thee subject site is located in the vicinity of several Local, State and Nattionally significant built heritage and archaeological items. In particular Broughton House, immediattely north of 1A Morton Street, is listed on the SHR, and locally listed items Wavertree, the Palms associated with Wavertree, and the Gasworks Bridge are all located within the vicinity of 1A Morton Street. The site also shares a visual connection with the Area of National Significance in Harris Park Precinct, located on the opposite side of Parramatta River. While this area is considered of national significance, it is not protected by statutory heritage listing. 8.2 Significance Assessment of the Subject Site
8.2.1 Guidelines
Thee NSW Heritage Manual guidelines, prepared by the (then) NSW Heritage Office and Department of Urban Affairs and Planning (as amended July 2002), provide the framework for the following assessment of the subject site. These guidelines incorporate the aspects off cultural heritage value identified in the Burra Charter which are accepted as the required format by heritage authorities in NSW.
Significance is assessed against a number of set criteria, outlined by the NSW Heritage Office in their NSW Heritage Manual update Assessing Significance. The threshold of State significance is met if a criterion has importance to the state of NSW; local significance is met if a criterion has importance to the local area. This is outlined in more detail in each of the criteria listed in Section 8.3.
Thee following is an assessment of the heritage and archaeological values of the subject site against the assessment framework and criteria.
8.2.2 Assessing Archaeological Significance
Archaeological significance refers to the heritage significance of known or potential archaeological remains. As with other types of heritage items, archaeological remains should be managed in accordance with their significance. In situations where development is propoosed this can influence the degree of impact that may be acceptable or the level of investigation and recording that may be required. This section assesses the significance of the potential archaeological resource at the study area, in conjunction with its built heritage values, against the NSW Heriitage Branch criteria.
While sub-surface archaeological remains often form an integral compponent of the overall significance of a heritage place, it is necessary to assess them independently from above-ground and other historic elements. Assessing the heritage value of these sub--surface archaeological remains is made more difficult by the fact that their extent and nature is often unknown. It becomes necessary for judgements to be made on the basis of expected or potential atttributes.
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The assessment of significance of historical archaeological sites requires a specialised framework for consideration of their research potential. The most widely used frameworrk for assessing research potential is three key questions developed by Bickford and Sullivan in 19841:
1. Can the site contribute knowledge that no other resource can?
2. Can the site contribute knowledge that no other site can?
3. Is this knowledge relevant to general questions about human history or other substantive questions relating to Australian history, or does it contribute to other major research questions?
These questions are addressed below under Criterion E: Technical/Research Potential. 8.3 NSW Heritage Criteria for Assessing Significance
8.3.1 Criterion A: Historical Significance
An item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the culturall or natural history of the local area)
The site was initially farmed by settlers that arrived aboard the Sirius, who grew maize and grazed livestock on the site.
The subject site was formally granted to Samuel Marsden in 1822, who operated Rangihou seminary. Though inconclusive, the site may have been used to iinstruct Maori in agricultural practices. If substantiated the site would meet the threshold for State significance.
The northern portion of the site at one stage formed part of the gardens of Broughtton House, which is listed on the SHR; however, no physical evidence of this survives. It is unlikely that any archaeological evidence of the gardens survive on the 1A Morton Street site.
Constructed along with establishment of the depot site in 1958, the group of brick buildings present architectural features common to 1950s utilitarian office buildings. The buildings remain largely intact and in good condition. Associated with PCC’s acquisition of the site, the buildings have the ability to demonstrate the functional requirements and operations of the period at a local level.
8.3.2 Criterion B: Historical Associations
An item has strong or special association with the liife or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the cultural or natural history of NSW (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)
The 1A Morton Street site has a strong association with Reverend Samuell Marsden, who established Rangihou, a seminary for Maori, immediately west of the site in 1819. Well-known in colonial Sydney Marsden, in addition to being the principal Anglican clergyman in New South Wales between the 1790s and 1820s, was a substantial landowner, acted as a magistrate and served on a number of local committees promoting a sober and industrious lifestyle. He is a prrominent figure in the early European history of Parramatta and New South Wales. 1A Morton Street may have formed part of the lands utilised by the seminary for the agricultural education of its Maori students. Rangihou closed in 1822, although the buildding house and facilities continued to be owned by Marsden until his death in 1839.
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Thee site’s historical association with laater generations of Marsden’s family continued until 1876. Newlands House (now Broughton House), whose grounds included the 1A Morton Street site, were owned by Jane Catherine Marsden (SSamuel Marsden’s daughter) and her husband Thomas Marsden between 1839 and 1876.
Thee site also has strong historical associations with the Maori community, particularly those affiliated with the Nga Puhi tribal line, in both Australia and New Zealand. The site has significance for its connection to the high-born children that were sent to be educateed by Marsden at the Rangihou seminary. For the Maori community the land that originally comprised the Rangihou seminary, which may include the 1A Morton Street site, has strong historical associations with the children who were educated there (including some who died while away fromm New Zealand).
Thee Maori community value the location of the Rangihou seminary for its association with Reverend Samuel Marsden, who is a particularly important historical figure in Maori history. He is significant as the person who introduced the Christian faith to the Maori in New Zealand. The site has strong connnections with Rangihou in New Zealland, where Marsden delivered the ffiirst Anglican sermon in New Zealand. The site of the Rangihou seminary is strongly associated with the Christianisation of the Maori.
Thee site’s association with the Maori community has significance at a State level.
Thee site is also associated with Robert Webb and William Reid, who arrived as free settlers on the Sirius in the First Fleet. This historical association with colonists arriving on the First Fleet has significance at a State level.
8.3.3 Criterion C: Aesthetic Signifiicance
An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area)
Thee group of brick buildings within the site present architectural featurres common to 1950s utilitarian office buildings, and were likely constructed along with establishmment of the depot site in 1958. The buildings remain largely intacct and in good condition, apart from internal office fit out and the corrugated sheet metal addition to the workshop/garage. The buildings display limited aesthetic significance as 1950s utilitarian office buildings.
Most of the site has low–nil potential for significant relics considered to have aesthetic significance at a local or State level to be present at the site. There is low potential for the relics associated with the occupation of the site by settlers who arrived aboard the Sirius, to be present at the site. If present, such relics may have some aessthetic significance.
8.3.4 Criterion D: Social Significance
An item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural or spiritual reasonss
While a social significance assessment has not been undertaken at the 1A Morton Street site, research and assessment carried out during the course of this study has indicated that it is significant to the Maori community both in Australia and New Zealand, parrtticularly those affiliated with the Nga Puhi tribal line.
Thee social significance of the site to the Maori community stems from its use as Rangihou—the seminary for Maori children run by Reverend Samuel Marsden between 1819 and 1822. Although it
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only operated for 3 years, the site’s association with Samuel Marsden—who is ann important figure in the history of the Maori in New Zealand—and the education of a number of high-ranking Maori children, makes the area of special significance to the Maori community.
The cultural and spiritual attachments to the site are demonstrated by the continual visitation by members of the Maori community who wish to commemorate Marsden, Rangihou and the Maori children who were educated there (some of whom passed away). A ceremonyy—Ngapuhi Day Festival—iis held on the publicly accessible portion of the 1A Morton Street Site and the adjacent Rangihou Reserve every 2 years to commemorate the site’s history and significance to the Maori community. This location is significant for the visual relationship this area has with the original location of Rangihou cottage on the slope to the northwest.
A full assessment of the site’s social significance to the Maori community, or other communities, has not been undertaken as part of this assessment.
8.3.5 Criterion E: Technical/Research Potential
An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultuurral or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)
There is low potential for relics associated witth the occupation of the site by setttlers who arrived aboard the Sirius, to be present at the site. If present, relics dating from this phasee may have some research potential; however, this would depend on the nature and integrity of anny archaeological evidence.
The site has low–nil potential to contain archaeological evidence associateed with possible agricultural use of the area during Marsden’s occupation of the site (1819–1827). The northern part of the site also has some potential to contain evidence of the former gardeens of Newlands House/Broughton House (1839–1958). Eviddence from both of these phases would be limited paving or other surfaces associated with former pathways or driveways, garden edging, evidence of former fencelines, archaeo-botanical evidence,, drains and other deposits and featurres.
The site allso has low–nil potential to contain evvidence associated with incidental orr unrecorded use of the area, from all historical phases, in areas of the site that have not been subject to major disturbance. Such evidence may include artefact scatters, isolated artefacts, rubbish pits, or other deposits or features associated with marginal use of this area. However, the naturre and location of any such evidence would be impossible to predict.
The site is assessed as generally having low potential to contain archaeollogical evidence associated with the historical use and development of the area. The site has rremained largely undeveloped through various phases of owneership, until construction of the Couuncil depot after 1958. There were no known structures on the site prior to the development of the depot, and the area does not appear to have been intensively used for any purposes that would have resulted in substantiaal archaeological evidence. Any pottential evidence at the site is likelyy to be limited to fragmentary or ephemeral evidence associated with marginal or incidental use off the area during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Any evidence that may survive at the site is likely to have been subject to at least minor disturbance.
The potential historical archaeological evidencce that may survive in most of the site would have limited research potential for its ability to contribute substantial information about tthe historical use and development of the site, the Parramatta region, or major historical themes. TThis evidence, if
88 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
present, would therefore be considered to have little or no significance at a local or State level. If present, archaeological evidence associated with the early (c1790) occupation of the site may have some research potential and significance, dependent on the nature and integgrity of the remains.
Areas of the site that have been subject to major disturbance wouuld have no historical archaeological potential or significance.
8.3.6 Criterion F: Rarity
An item possesses uncommon, rare or enddaangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or naturall history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area)
Thee historical associations and social significance of the 1A Morton Streett site are rare in NSW. Thee site is particularly valued by the Maori community as it formed part of the land formally used by Samuel Marsden for Rangihou seminary. The site, and the adjacent Rangihou Reserve, is rare as a continuing focus of cultural association for Maori people which is demonstrated through the commemorative ceremony held there regularly.
Thee site’s historical associations with freee settlers who arrived on the Sirius as part of the First Fleet is also rare.
8.3.7 Criterion G: Representativeness
An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s (oor the local area’s) cultural or natural places or cultural or natural environmentst
Thee group of administration buildings arre representative of 1950s utilitariann office building design, but are not considered to be of such significance under the criteria that they meet the threshold for inclusion.
No archaeological features are considered to be significant for their representtative values. 8.4 Statement of Significance
Thee 1A Morton Street Depot site has strong historical associations with Reverend Samuel Marsden and the Rangihou seminary he established across the site (and allotments tto the south and west). Thee site is of special and continuing significance to the Maori community, botth in Australia and New Zeaaland, and is rare for its strong historical associations and social significance, particularly to the contemporary Maori community in Australia and New Zealand. The part off the Morton Street site located on the floodplain is used during ongoing cultural commemorations atttended by members of the Maori community with associations to Marsden, the high-ranking children that were brought here and the introduction of Christianity to the Maori. Further research into tthe social values of the site, including consultation, and its association with Maori people is likely tto indicate that the site would meet the threshold for State significance.
While the site is historically associated with the important historical phases of occupation, such as Rangihou Seminary and Broughton House, it is unlikely that any physiccal evidence of these associations survive at the site.
Thee site is historically significant for its relationship to early European free settlers who arrived aboard the Sirius, with the First Fleet, and established themselves in Parramatta. This association is considered to be significant at a State level. There is some limited potential for archaeological
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 89
evidence of this occupation to survive; however, this may depend on the nature, exttent and physical condition of any features identified.
The depot site has some historical significance at a local level for its ability to demonstrate Parramatta City Council’s role in municipal government in the area since the 1950s..
8.5 Endnotes
1 Bickford, A and S Sullivan 1984, ‘Assessing the Research Significance of Historic Sites’, in Sullivan S andd S Bowdler (eds), Site Surveys and Significance Assessment in Australian Archaeology (proceedings of the 1981 Springwood Connference on Australian Prehistory), Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National Universityy, Canberra.
90 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
9.0 Conclusions and Management Recommenddations
9.1 Introduction
This section outlines the conclusions of this report regarding the heritage and archaeological values associated with the 1A Morton Street Depot site.
Policies and recommendations for the management of the site’s archaeologiccal and heritage values in the context of potential future redevelopment are outlined in Section 9.3. The recommendations made respond to statutory requirements for the management of heritage items and potential archaeological sites. Other recommendations are proposed as appropriate ways to manage the heritage significance of the site with futurre redevelopment. 9.2 Conclusions
The 1A Morton Street site has been subject to varying levels of disturbance across the majority of the site. Most of the site has experienced medium or major disturbance that would have affected the survival of Aboriginal and historical archaeological remains.
Due to disturbance history at the site, there is low–nil potential for Aboriginal archaeological remains to be present at 1A Morton Street.
Due to the history of physical development at 1A Morton Street, and the subsequent levels of disturbance at the site, most of the 1A Morton Street has low–nil potential for historical archaeological remains to be pressent.
All registered Aboriginal stakehoolders were provided with a copy of this report and were invited to comment. All responses received supported the conclusions and recommendations made in this report. Details of consultation with Aboriginal stakeholders are provided in Appendix B.
The eastern edge of the site (between Morton Street and the administtrative building) has low potential for evidence of occupation dating to Phase 1 (c1790). This evidence is likely to be disturbed due to past landscape modification.
There are no listed items of herittage significance at 1A Morton Street; however, there are several listed heritage items of Local, State and National significance in the vicinity.
The collection of buildings and asssociated infrastructure is currently at 1A Morton Street is locally significant for its association with the development of PCC since the 1950s.
The 1A Morton Street site is within the visual setting of nearby heritage items, and is located within a number of identified historic view corridors, including between the Area of National Significance identified at Harris Park and the ridgeline on the northernn side of the Parramatta River, where 1A Morton Street is located.
The visual historic connection between the publicly accessible portion of 1A Morton Street on the floodplain, adjacent to Rangihou Reserve, and the former location of Marsden’s cottage at Rangihou is of heritage significance.
1A Morton Street is of significance at a State level for its strong historical associations with Revered Samuel Marsden and his relationship with and role in instructting Maori people in the Christian faith and agricultural practices.
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 91
Thee site has special associations with the Maori community in Australia and New Zealand for cultural and spiritual reasons. Further assessment of these values, includding consultation, may reveal the intangible cultural heritage values to meet the threshold of State significance.
9.3 Policies and Recommendations
9.3.1 Statutory Requirements for Archaeological Management
This section sets out the recommended management of Aboriginal and historical arrchaeology at 1A Morton Street, based on the assessed low–nil potential for archaeological evidence to be present at the site. Provisions for the management of unexpected archaeological evidence, including human remains, are also outlined.
Aboriginal Archaeology
Further assessment of Aboriginal archaeological issues would not be required prior to the commencement of site works. Aboriginal archaeological investigation of the site, either prior to or in conjunction with site works, would not be required based on the findings of the current research and assessment.
Redevelopment of 1A Morton Street could proceed without need for specific approvals under the NPW Act.
If, during the course of ground disturbance works at 1A Morton Streett, archaeological evidence relating to the Aboriginal occupation of the site was unexpectedly identified, all workks in the affected area/s should cease and the OEH should be notified immediately, in accordance with Section 91 of the NPW Act. Deerubbin Local Aboriginal Land Council and other Aboriginal groups who registered an interest in the project (Appendix B) should also be notified at that time. Further assessment or approval may be required beffore works could recommence in the affected area/s.
Historical Archaeology
Given there is low potential for archaeoloogical remains associated with Phasse 1 (1790–1819) to be present on the site, it is recommended that archaeological testing in accordance with an endorsed Section 139 exception under the Heritage Act be undertaken in the areas shown in Figure 9.1 to clearly identify the level of disturbance and survival of archaeological remains. This should be undertaken prior to the finalisation of any redevelopment design for the site, including proposed demolition of the existing structure. This test excavatioon would clarify if there are historical archaeological constraints on any future redevelopment, and if further approvals under the Heritage Act are required.
In the event that unexpected historical archaeological remains not identified by this report are discovered at the site, all works in the affected area/s should cease and thhe NSW Heritage Branch should be notified immediately, in accordance with Section 146 of tthe Heritage Act. Further assessment or approval may be required before works could recoommence in the affected area/s.
General Requirements
If unexpected human remains are discovered during any development works on the property, the find would need to be reported immediately to the New South Wales Coroner’s Office and//or the New South Wales Police. The OEH should also be contacted,, and a qualified
92 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
archaeologist with experience in identifying human remains should be consulted to determine the nature of the remains.
9.3.2 Management of Intangible Heritage Values
A social significance study, including consultation with key Maori stakeholders with attachments to the 1A Morton Street, Rangihou Reserve and surrouunding areas should be undertaken to accurately assess and determine the intangible values associated with the Maori connection to the site.
The open space at the south of the site, adjacent to Rangihou Reserrve, is actively used by the Maori community. This area iis currently zoned as R4 ‘High Denssity Residential’. It is of significance for its association with Marsden’s seminary for Maoris. This part of the site should remain public open space to allow this significant use and relationship to continue. Public access to this part of the site should not be restricted by any future redevelopment of 1A Morton Street. Of particular immportance is that the Maori communnity are allowed to use this portion of land, and the surrounding areas of Rangihou Reserve, in their ongoing cultural celebrations. This could be achieved through a number of strategies, including:
formally incorporating the arrea of land into Rangihou Reserve; or
conditioning that the subject area must be retained as public open space, and that the wider community may continnue to use the land.
Any future development at 1A Morton Street should respect and maintain the visual relationship between the publicly accessible portion of the site, Rangihou Reserve and the former location of Marsden’s Rangihou Seminary.
The intangible cultural heritagee values associated with the site should be managed appropriately. This may include, but is not limited to, implementtation of interpretation measures within any future redevelopment of 1A Morton Street and at Rangihou Reserve, developed in consultation with the Maori community. The publicly accessible areas of the study area, such as the floodplain area, presents an opportunity to recognise and celebrate the historical significance of the site.
An Interpretation Strategy shouldd be prepared in consultation with relevant stakeholders to guide the interpretation planning to ensure the cultural significance of tthe site is appropriately communicated to the public.
9.3.3 Management of Heritage and Historic Views
Although the collection of buildings and infrastructure are locallly significant for their association with the development of PCC, they would not require further assessment or management for their heritage values.
Broughton House
Future redevelopment of 1A Morton Street should preserve the historic northern views towards the cultural landscape of BBroughton House, when viewed from within the depot site.
Future development should also respect the views of the marker trees and northern ridgeline associated with Broughton House when viewed from points withinn the Area of National Significance on the southern side of Parramatta River.
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 93
As an SHR-listed item, any proposed development that affects the settiing of the listed curtilage or views to and from the house would require approval from the NSW Heritage Council, in addition to PCC.
A visual impact assessment should be included as part of future HISs to accompany development applications where the proposed development has the potential to impact upon views and the visual curtilage of Brougghton House’s historic cultural landsccape, as well as views to and from the Area of National Significance.
Wetlands
Thee wetlands’ setting, as part of Rangihou Reserve, includes the southerrn portion of the depot site where the landscape drops to meet the level of the Reserve. Futuure development shouuld retain this landscape feature and its setting as publically accessible open space.
Proposed development within the embanked depot site should sympatheticallly respond to the topography of the natural landscape to ensure the significant natural values of the wetlands and its setting are not overwhelmed by development.
Any proposed development at the Morton Street Depot site would be considdered to be in the vicinity of the listed wetlands. As such, an HIS should be prepared to accompany the DA where the proposed development has the potential to affect the natural herittage significance of the wetlands and its setting.
Wavertree and Palms
It is not foreseen that development within the subject site would have an impact upon Wavertree’s historic visual connections.
Any proposed development within the western portion of the subject site should be designed to ensure that the heritage values of Wavertree House, the Pallms are theirr setting, are not impacted by development.
Any proposed development at the Morton Street Depot site would be considdered to be in the vicinity of Wavertree and the Palms. As such, an HIS should be prepared to accompany the DA where the proposed development has the potential to affect the heritagge significance of the items and their setting.
Area of National Significance Special Area, Harris Park Precinct
Thee identified historic views should be protected as they contribute significantly to the setting of the properties within the Area of National Significance and the sense of place for the Harris Park Precinct and for Parramatta in general. Protection of these views will assist in the conservation of Harris Park and the Area of National Significance, its interpretation and promotion, and protect it from development of an inappropriate height and buulk.
Proposed developments to the Morton Street Depot within the identified panoramic views, view corridors and visual connections should not materially affect identified viiews.
A visual impact assessment should be included as part of future HISs to accompany DAs.
94 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Figure 9.1 Areas where historical archaeological testing is recommended. (Source: GML 2012)
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 95
96 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
10.0 Appendices
Appendix A
AHIMS Search Results Appendix B
Consultation Log Appendix C
Historical Timeline Appendix D
Historical Bibliography Appendix E
Heritage Listing Sheets for:
- Broughton House
- Wavertree
- Palms
- Wetlands
Parramatta LEP Heritage Map
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 97
Appendix A
AHIMS Search Results
AHIMS Web Services (AWS) Your Ref Number : 12-0380 Extensive search - Site list report Client Service ID : 76763
SiteID SiteName Datum Zone Easting Northing Context Site Status SiteFeatures SiteTypes Reports 45-6-1523 George St Parramatta;Family Law Courts; AGD 56 314950 6256450 Open site Valid Artefact : - Open Camp Site 1809 Contact Recorders Val Attenbrow,Edward Higginbotham Permits 45-6-2554 Elizabeth Farmhouse AGD 56 316420 6255700 Open site Valid Artefact : - Open Camp Site Contact Recorders Michael Guider Permits 2928 45-6-2559 Sydney Turf Club Carpark;STC Carpark; AGD 56 316900 6256020 Open site Valid Artefact : - Open Camp Site Contact Recorders Michael Guider Permits 45-6-2578 Collett Park; AGD 56 316680 6257140 Open site Valid Artefact : - Open Camp Site Contact Recorders Michael Guider Permits 45-6-2627 HP-1 AGD 56 315850 6255210 Open site Valid Artefact : - Contact Recorders Mick Leon Permits 45-6-2648 Charles/George 1 AGD 56 315690 6256470 Open site Valid Artefact : - Contact Recorders Doctor.Jo McDonald Permits 1433,1682,2176,2240,2353,3049,3509 45-6-2678 SSP1 (formerly Smith Street PAD) AGD 56 315330 6256150 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Doctor.Jo McDonald Permits 1848,2561 45-6-2668 Argyle St AGD 56 315200 6256060 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Doctor.Jo McDonald Permits 1764,2155 45-6-2669 Kendall Street, Harris Park AGD 56 315525 6256150 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Jim Wheeler Permits 1767 45-6-2673 RTA-G1 AGD 56 315690 6256470 Open site Valid Artefact : - 100552 Contact Recorders Doctor.Jo McDonald Permits 1841,2176,3050,3509 45-6-2679 Parramatta Children's Court AGD 56 314900 6256600 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 1850,1973,2117 45-6-2738 James Ruse Reserve Open Camp 1 AGD 56 316000 6256000 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Jim Wheeler Permits 2018,2187
Report generated by AHIMS Web Service on 08/08/2012 for Sally Maclennan for the following area at Lat, Long From : 151.0115, -33.81657 - Lat, Long To : -33.81258, 151.01816 with a Buffer of 1000 meters.Additional Info : Due diligence assessment. Number of Aboriginal sites and Aboriginal objects found is 26 This information is not guaranteed to be free from error omission. Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW) and its employees disclaim liability for any act done or omission made on the information and consequences of such acts or omission.
Page 1 of 3 AHIMS Web Services (AWS) Your Ref Number : 12-0380 Extensive search - Site list report Client Service ID : 76763
SiteID SiteName Datum Zone Easting Northing Context Site Status SiteFeatures SiteTypes Reports 45-6-2686 Civic Place PAD AGD 56 315130 6256450 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Permits 1960 45-6-2751 Marsden St Carpark AGD 56 314900 6256350 Open site Valid Artefact : -, Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 2243 45-6-2739 PADUNknown AGD 56 314950 6256700 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Haglund and Associates Permits 45-6-2746 Old Hospital Site Parramatta Health SErvcies Precinct AGD 56 314950 6256650 Open site Valid Potential 100551,100558 Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 2160,2507 45-6-2741 Parramatta Transport Interchange PAD AGD 56 315450 6256250 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Susan (Now McIntrye-Tamwoy) McIntyre Permits 2121 45-6-2756 Parramatta Rehabilitation Centre (formerly O'Connell St PAD) AGD 56 314950 6256850 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 2317,2414,2511 45-6-2795 150 Marsden Street Parramatta PAD AGD 56 314955 6256480 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : 1 Contact T Russell Recorders Austral Archaeology Pty Ltd Permits 2404 45-6-2863 Cumberland Press Site AGD 56 315850 6256390 Open site Valid Artefact : - Contact Recorders Ms.Laila Haglund Permits 2865,3307,3509 45-6-2893 95-101 George St (GSP AD) GDA 56 315720 6256570 Open site Valid Potential 101078 Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Megan Mebberson Permits 3509 45-6-2950 Macquarie St PAD 2 GDA 56 315850 6256490 Open site Destroyed Potential 102144 Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Ms.Jillian Comber,Comber Consultants Pty Limited Permits 3238,3366
Report generated by AHIMS Web Service on 08/08/2012 for Sally Maclennan for the following area at Lat, Long From : 151.0115, -33.81657 - Lat, Long To : -33.81258, 151.01816 with a Buffer of 1000 meters.Additional Info : Due diligence assessment. Number of Aboriginal sites and Aboriginal objects found is 26 This information is not guaranteed to be free from error omission. Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW) and its employees disclaim liability for any act done or omission made on the information and consequences of such acts or omission.
Page 2 of 3 AHIMS Web Services (AWS) Your Ref Number : 12-0380 Extensive search - Site list report Client Service ID : 76763
SiteID SiteName Datum Zone Easting Northing Context Site Status SiteFeatures SiteTypes Reports 45-6-2976 George St PAD 1 GDA 56 315650 6256690 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : 1 Contact Recorders Comber Consultants Pty Limited,Mr.David Nutley Permits 3509 45-6-2977 Macquarie St PAD 3 GDA 56 315090 6256650 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : 1 Contact Recorders Comber Consultants Pty Limited,Mr.David Nutley Permits 3509 45-6-2978 41 Hunter Street PAD GDA 56 315030 6256450 Open site Valid Potential Archaeological Deposit (PAD) : - Contact Recorders Mr.Alexander Beben Permits 3419 45-6-2988 7-9 Victoria Road Parramatta GDA 56 315502 6257233 Open site Valid Artefact : 9 Contact Recorders Godden Mackay Logan Heritage Consultants,Ms.Anita Yousif Permits 3488
Report generated by AHIMS Web Service on 08/08/2012 for Sally Maclennan for the following area at Lat, Long From : 151.0115, -33.81657 - Lat, Long To : -33.81258, 151.01816 with a Buffer of 1000 meters.Additional Info : Due diligence assessment. Number of Aboriginal sites and Aboriginal objects found is 26 This information is not guaranteed to be free from error omission. Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW) and its employees disclaim liability for any act done or omission made on the information and consequences of such acts or omission.
Page 3 of 3 AHIMS Web Services (AWS) Search Result Your Ref Number : 12-0380 Client Service ID : 76763
Godden Mackay Logan Heritage Consultants Date: 08 August 2012 78 George Street Redfern New South Wales 2016 Attention: Sally Maclennan Email: [email protected] Dear Sir or Madam: AHIMS Web Service search for the following area at Lat, Long From : 151.0115, -33.81657 - Lat, Long To : -33.81258, 151.01816 with a Buffer of 1000 meters. conducted by Sally Maclennan on 08 August 2012 A search of the Office of the Environment and Heritage AHIMS Web Services (Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System) has shown that: 26 Aboriginal sites are recorded in or near the above location. 0 Aboriginal places have been declared in or near the above location. * If your search shows Aboriginal sites or places what should you do? You must do an extensive search if AHIMS has shown that there are Aboriginal sites or places recorded in the search area. If you are checking AHIMS as a part of your due diligence, refer to the next steps of the Due Diligence Code of practice. You can get further information about Aboriginal places by looking at the gazettal notice that declared it. Aboriginal places gazetted after 2001 are available on the NSW Government Gazette (http://www.nsw.gov.au/gazette) website. Gazettal notices published prior to 2001 can be obtained from Office of Environment and Heritage's Aboriginal Heritage Information Unit upon request Important information about your AHIMS search The information derived from the AHIMS search is only to be used for the purpose for which it was requested. It is not be made available to the public. AHIMS records information about Aboriginal sites that have been provided to Office of Environment and Heritage and Aboriginal places that have been declared by the Minister; Information recorded on AHIMS may vary in its accuracy and may not be up to date .Location details are recorded as grid references and it is important to note that there may be errors or omissions in these recordings, Some parts of New South Wales have not been investigated in detail and there may be fewer records of Aboriginal sites in those areas. These areas may contain Aboriginal sites which are not recorded on AHIMS. Aboriginal objects are protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 even if they are not recorded as a site on AHIMS. This search can form part of your due diligence and remains valid for 12 months.
PO BOX 1967 Hurstville NSW 2220 ABN 30 841 387 271 43 BridgeStreet HURSTVILLE NSW 2220 Email: [email protected] Tel: (02)9585 6345 (02)9585 6741 Fax: (02)9585 6094 Web: www.environment.nsw.gov.au
Appendix B
Consultation Log
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 Appendix B—Aboriginal Community Consultation Log
Notification of the proposed project and an offer to be involved in the consultation
Aboriginal Organisation/Person Contact Date Sent Reference
Gunjeewong Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Ms Cherie Carroll Turrise 22.8.12 12-0380cctc1 Corporation
Darug Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments Ms Celestine Everingham 22.8.12 12-0380cec1
Darug Aboriginal Land Care Inc Mr Des Dyer 22.8.12 12-0380ddc1
Mr David Williams Mr David Williams 22.8.12 12-0380dwc1 Darug Land Observations Mr Gordon Workman 22.8.12 12-0380gwc1 Gilgai Aboriginal Centre Ms Jayde Kelly 22.8.12 12-0380jkc1 22.8.12 Deerubbin LALC Mr Kevin Cavanagh 12-0380kcc1 Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation Ms Leanne Watson 22.8.12 12-0380lwc1 Mr Scott Franks Mr Scott Franks 22.8.12 12-0380sfc1
Darug Tribal Aboriginal Corporation Ms Sandra Lee 22.8.12 12-0380slc1 Reconciliation Association Mr Chris Wilson Emailed 22.8.12 12-0380cwc1 UWS Parramatta Western Sydney Community Forum Ms Shirley Blacklaws Emailed 22.8.12 12-0380sbc1 Parramatta City Council Ms Maggie Kyle. Emailed 22.8.12 12-0380mkc1 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) Ms Kyle distributed invitation to ATSI Advisory Committee Members directly. Advisory Committee
Registration of Interest by Aboriginal Organisation/Individuals
Aboriginal Organisation/Individual Contact Date Received and comments Reference Darug Aboriginal Land Care Inc Mr Des Dyer Phone call 27 August 2012 registering interest and intention to N/A i attend site inspection on Wednesday 5 September ii ii Darug Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments Ms Celestine Everingham Phone call 4 September 2012 registering interest in project, but N/A (DACHA) unable to attend site inspection on Wednesday 5 September Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation Ms Leanne Watson Email 5 September 2012 registering interest in project but unable to 12-0380lwr1 attend site inspection on Wednesday 5 September Ms Keri Kenton (member of PCC ATSI Advisory Ms Keri Kenton Email 13 September 2012 registering interest in project but was 12-0380kkr1 Committee) unable to attend site inspection on Wednesday 5 September Mr Gil Saunders (member of PCC ATSI Advisory Mr Gil Saunders Phone call 21 September 2012 registering interest in project and Committee) desire to read draft report
Site Inspection
No representatives of individuals/organisations were able to attend the site inspection on 5 September 2012.
Distribution of Draft Report
Aboriginal Organisation/Individual Contact Date Sent Reference Comments and Date Received Reference
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 Darug Aboriginal Land Care Inc Mr Des Dyer 23.10.12 12-0380cec2 Email letter sent 28 October 2012 stating 12-0380ddr1 DALI has no objections to proposed development, and that DALI supports the recommendations and methodology of the report. DALI believes due to the disturbance of the area there is little to no potential for Aboriginal cultural heritage to be present. Darug Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments Ms Celestine Everingham 23.10.12 12-0380ddc2 Fax sent 30 October 2012 stating that 12-0380cer1 (DACHA) DACHA support the recommendations of the report. DACHA wish to be notified if any evidence of Aboriginal cultural heritage is identified during works. Indicated during phone call on 15 February 2013 that the historical overview paints a surprisingly positive picture of Samuel Marsden.
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation Ms Leanne Watson 23.10.12 12-0380lwc2 Email letter sent 8 November 2012 12-0380lwr2 stating that the heavy land use disturbance as shown in the bore holes and historic maps would have affected any Aboriginal cultural heritage material. DCAC have no further issues with development on the site. Ms Keri Kenton (member of PCC ATSI Advisory Ms Keri Kenton 23.10.12 12-0380kkc1 NA Committee) Mr Gil Saunders (member of PCC ATSI Advisory Mr Gil Saunders 23.10.12 12-0380gsc1 NA Committee)
iii iii
Appendix C
Site Timeline
Appendix C—Chronology of Rangihou Seminary and site to the 1920s
C.1 Timeline
1806—Samuel Marsden met Ruatara.
1812—Ruatara returned to New Zealand and Marsden sent a teacher to New Zealand in response to a request from Ruatarra.1
1814—Marsden was the holder of the land where Rangihou cottage or seminary was later built.
1812-1817—Marsden lived in the old parsonage at the corner of Church and George Streets, Parramatta.2
October 1815—Anglican chaplains in Sydney agreed that a ‘small establishment’ be set up to instruct the Maori on ‘civilisation and general improvement’. 3
September 1817—Samuel Marsden and his family were residing in the newly built parsonage erected between Pitt Row and future Campbell and Marsden Streets, Parramatta. 4
Early 1819—Marsden was building a dwelling for his seminary.5
July 1819—Reverend John Butler reported ‘Mr Marsden has nearly completed the Seminary for the New Zealanders.’6
February 1820—Marsden had 25 Maori living at Parramatta. 7
April 1822—Due to the deaths oof the inmates, Marsden stated that he would close the seminary.8
About September 1822—Rangihoou closed.9
From October 1822—Maori lived with Marsden, but were then aaccommodated in the Institution for Native Black Childreen.10
1 November 1822—Grant of 112 acres to Samuel Marsden, bounded oon east by Reid’s farm, 39 chains, on north by Field of Maars Road [Victoria Road], 27 chains 20 links and 21 chains on west by a small creek, on the south by Parramatta River.11
23 April 1826—Marsden stated the former seminary was still in his ownership and offered to sell it to the Church Missionary Society.12
6 December 1827—Public Notice that John Raine has leased Samuel Marsden’s property known as ‘Rangatoo’ and is now called ‘West Grove’.13
By April 1830—John Raine’s property West Grove at Parramatta was contracted to supply salt meat to the government. 14
24 April 1830—Advertisement to let for West Grove Cottage and premiises, Parramatta.15
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 i
October 1830—West Grove leasehold estate with a term of 37 1/2 years still to run was subdivided for sale by Messrs Paul.16
c1836—Sketch from south-west by Reeverend Richard Taylor of Rangihou showing a two storrey weatherboard cottage with a smalller outbuilding near the river.17
c1836—Sketch by Reverend Richard Taylor titled ‘View from my bedrroom window at Rangihoa’, looked across river to Byrnes mills.18
12 May 1838—Samuel Marsden died. Samuel Marsden left his 112 acres of land at Newlands to trustees to sell.
31 October 1839—Auction of Newlands Estate at Red Cow Inn by James Byrnes and described as ‘Includes Rangihou Cottage, Garden, etc. This is an extremely choice and valuable lot, a neat Residence already being on it, having a back entrance tto New Zealand- street, and a full frontage to the River’. 19
1841—Mrs Griffiths conducted a privatee school at 50 guineas per term at ‘Rangahoo House’ in Parramatta.20
st 19 February 1848—Conveyance, 1 John Campbell and others (trustees of will of Samuel Marsden) 2nd Charles Campbell, Sydney, 3rd William Byrnes, Parramatta, merchant, of Lot 45 in the subdivision. A plan on the deed showed ‘Rangihou’ cottage plus two small outbuildings.21
st nd rd 21 September 1863—Mortgage, 1 James Byrnes, 2 William Byrnes and wife Ann, 3 , Trustees of Liverpool and London Fire and Life Assurance Co. Various including lot 45 for £10,000. 22
1864—The first Parramatta Council Valuation listed three houses owned by J and W Byrnes worth £15, £15 and £3 per annum.23
7 November 1867—Conveyance, Trustees of Liverpool and London and Gloobe Insurance Co to Hugh Fairclough, Parramatta, esquire for £500. 24
1868—The property was recorded with two houses worth £10 per annum each plus a vacant land worth £4 per annum.25
1870—The property was described as having an orchard worth £12 per annum and an iron house worth £35 per annum. 26
10 November 1877—Bird’s Eye View off Parramatta showed this area as vacant land with no buildings.27
3 November 1919—Real Property Appliication by Perpetual Trustee Co as ttrustees of will of Hugh Fairclough. For lots 37-39 and 45 Newlands Estate. Lot 45 occupied by F E Case.28
17 April 1920—Rate notice for part of LLot 45 showed house on one part with Unimproved Capital Value of £126 and Improved Capital Value of £280. The other part of lot 45 was described as having ‘Ruins and land’ with Unimproved Capital Value of £209 and Improved Capital Value of £225.29
ii 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
22 March 1921—CT issued to Reeal Property Application by Perpetual Trustee Co for lots 37- 39 and 45 Newlands Estate.30
C.2 Endnotes
1 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth Century’, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 46 No 1, 2011, p 53 2 A T Yarwood, Samuel Marsden: The Great Survivor, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1977, p 203 3 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-1838, Coulls Somervillle Wilkie and A.H. Reed for the Otago University Council, Dunedin, 1932, p 39, cited in A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth Century’, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 46 No 1, 2011, p 55 4 A T Yarwood, Samuel Marsden, p 203-4 5 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 304-5 6 The Missionary Register, July 1820, p 305 7 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 56-7 8 A Jones and K Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia’, p 60-61 9 The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p 77 10 The Missionary Register, Feb 1824, p 77 11 Grant Register, Volume 14, No 130, LPI 12 J R Elder, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, p 447 13 Monitor, 6 Dec 1827, p 2 14 Sydney Gazette, 13 April 1830, p 2 15 Monitor, 24 April 1830, p 3 16 Monitor, 6 Oct 1830, p 1 17 Source unknown 18 Richard Taylor, Diary of residence in New South Wales, 12 June 1836-19 February 1839, ML A3816, p 31 19 Australian, 31 Oct 1839, p 4 20 Australian, 24 April 1841, p 3 21 LPI, No 505 Bk 16 22 LPI No 972 Bk 84 23 Parramatta Rate Book, 1864, Nos 1233-1234 24 LPI, No 993 Bk 105 25 Parramatta Rate Book, 1868, Nos 1240-1242 26 Parramatta Rate Book, 1870, Gore Ward, Nos 368-369 27 Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877 28 RPA 22286 29 Document 23 and 24, in RPA 22286, SRNSW, NRS 17513 30 C T 3167 f 15
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 iii
iv 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Appendix D
Historical Bibliography
Appendix D—Historical Bibliography
Thee following sources were used in the preparation of the history of 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta as presented in Section 3.0 of this report.
Maps—Mitchell Library
Bemi, P L, Plan of the late Revd Saml Marsden's Estate, Subdivided and Sold, M2/811.1312/1840?/1
Brownrigg, W M, Plan of Parramatta, M3/811.1301/1844/1
Parramatta, 1814, M2 811.1301/1814/1
Sydney Subdivision Plans, Parramatta ZSP: P6/1-205
Maps—State Records of NSW
Map of Parramatta, undated, SR Map 4726
Map of Parramatta compiled from Richards' Survey, Johnstone 1836, SR Map 4799
M W S & S B, Aerial Survey, March 1930, SR Map 32241
Maps and Plans—Parramatta City Council Local Studies Collection
Survey of all the Streets in the Town of Parramatta North for the purpose of aligning the same, 1855
Maps and Plans—Sydney Wayter
Parramatta Detail Survey
Sheet Parramatta 88, (Nov 1925)
Crown Plans
P.230.574. Sheet 8, Stephens, 23 Aug 1895
Ms.16680.3000, F L Mathews, 5 May 19958
Pictorial—Mitchell Library
Martens, Conrad, [View of Parramatta], 1838, DL Pg 15
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 i
Land and Property Information
Deeds Registers, 1825 onwards
Grants Reegisters, 1792 onwards
Plans, Plans Room
Real Property Applications, 1863 onwards
Search Notes, RPA 5288
Manuscript Sources—State Records of NSW
Births, Deaths and Marriages, St John’s Burial Register, Jan 1819-Dec 1825
Stamp Duties Office, Deceased Estate Files,
Vickery, James Swanton, died 14/8/1907, duty paid 9/3/08, 20/326
Supreme Court, Probate Packets
Marsden, Samuel, died 12 May 1838, Series 1 No 925, 14/3198
Surveyor-General, Field Books,
No 745, Knnapp, 1854, 2/8079.10
Surveyor-General, Sketch Books, Volumes 1-3
Manuscript Sources—Mitchell Library
Church Missionary Society, Correspondence between Sydney Correspondding Committee, missionaries and others, 1820-52, CN/05, (AJCP Reel) ML FM4/1495
Marsden, Reverend Samuel, Family Papers c.1810-c.1902, (AJCP Reel), FM4/751
Marsden, Reverend Samuel, Papers, 1794-1857, (Norton Smith & Co, Clients’ Documents), A5412, 2 boxes
Manuscript Sources—Parramatta City Council Local Studies Collection
Rate Books, 1864-1868
Valuation Books, All Wards – Gore 1870-2, 1874-5
Valuation Books, Gore Ward, 1882-91
Register of Owners, Gore Ward, 1914
ii 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Newspapers
Australian, 1824-42
Illustrated Sydney News, 10 November 1877
Monitor, 1826-32
Sydney Gazette, 1803-29
Sydney Morning Herald, 1842-50, Oct 1859
Primary Sources—Printed Books and Articles
Elder, John Rawson, The letters and journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-11838, Coulls Somerville Wilkie and A H Reed for the Otago University Council, Dunedin, 1932
Fitzgerald, Caroline (ed), Letters from the Bay of Islands: The story of Mariaanne Williams, Penguin, Auckland, 2004
Fuller, C E, Central Cumberland Directorry, 1882-7, Parramatta, 1882-7
Hassall, Reverend James S, In Old Australia, R S Hews & Co, [printer] Brisbane, 1902
Havard-Williams, P (ed), Marsden and the New Zealand mission: Sixteen letters, University of Otago Press in association with A H & A W Reed, [Dunedin, N.Z.] 1961
Hillier, Robert S (comp), Beautiful Parraamatta - Descriptive and Illustrative, Federal Printing Works, Macquarie St, Parramatta, [c. 1905]
Marsden J B (ed), Memoirs of the life and labours of the Rev. Samuel Marsden, of Paramatta, senior chaplain of New South Wales: And of his early connexion with the missions to New Zealand and Tahiti, Religious Tract Society, London, [1858]
Parramatta Pioneer Register, Foundation to Federation, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2000
Parramatta Pioneer Register, Settlement to 1920, Parramatta and Disttrict Historical Society, Parramatta, 2003
Sands, John, Directory, 1858-1932/3
Wharton, J Cheyne, The Jubilee History of Parramatta, Cumberland Argus, Parramatta, 1911
Secondary Sources—Printed Books and Articles
Australian Dictionary of Biography, Melboourne University Press, Melbourne, 1966 ff
Belich, James, Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders From Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century, Penguin, Rosedale, NZ, 2007 edition
Brown, Shylie & Ken, Parramatta; A town caught in tiime, 1870, Hale & Iremonnger, Sydney, 1995
1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013 iii
Johnstone, S M, The history of the King's School Parramatta, Council of the King's School and King's School Old Boys' Union, [Sydney, 1932]
Jones, Alison and Kuni Jenkins, ‘Maori Teaching and Learning in Australia in the Early Nineteenth Century’, New Zealand Journal of Educatiioonal Studies, Volume 46 No 1, 2011,, pp 49-67
Kass, Terry, Carol Liston & John McClymont, Parramatta: A Past Revealed, Parramatta City Council, Parramatta, 1996
Marsden, J B, Life and work of Samuel Marsden, edited by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1913
McClymont, John, James Houison 1800-1876: Parramatta’s Forgotten Architect, Parramatta and District Historical Society, Parramatta, 2010
Salmond, Anne, Between worlds: Early exchanges between Maori and Europeeans, 1773-1815, Viking, Auckland, New Zealand, 1997
Tatrai, Olga, Wind & Watermills in Old Parramatta, Author, Parramatta, 1994
Thompson, M M H, William Woolls: A man of Parramatta, Hale & Iremonger, Sydneey, 1986
Waddy, L D S, The King's School, 1831-1981: an account, Council of the King's School, Parramatta, 1981
Yarwood, A T, Samuel Marsden: The Great Survivor, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1977
iv 1A Morton Street Depot, Parramatta—Heritage Assessment—March 2013
Appendix E
Heritage Listing Sheets and Parramatta LEP 2011 Heritage Map
Heritage Branch Website - Online Database Page 1 of 12
About Us Listings Development Heritage Council Publications & Conservation & Forms Technical About Heritage Research Funding
Home Listings Heritage Databases Heritage Database Search Heritage Item
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Broughton House
Item Name of Item: Broughton House Other Name/s: Newlands, Bowden House, The Farm House, Broughton House, Parramatta Convalescent Home Type of Item: Built Group/Collection: Residential buildings (private) Category: Mansion Location: Lat:151.01623027 Long:-33.81280166 Primary Address: 43a Thomas Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local Govt. Area: Parramatta Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number All Addresses
Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type 43a Thomas Street Parramatta Parramatta FIELD OF MARS Cumberland Primary
Owner/s Organisation Name Owner Category Date Ownership Updated Private Parramatta Convalescent Home Private
Statement of Broughton House is an item of State significance, being a notable example of a Victorian Regency style house that reflects the social Significance and economic status of the wealthier free settler who played an essential part in the establishment of New South Wales. It has strong associations with the Marsden family and the King's School. It has association with educational, religious, scientific and literary training through William Woolls School and Kings School. It is the sole remaining home of a series of quality residences which faced south over the Parramatta River such as the Vineyard (Subiaco), Newlands (Athole) Pemberton Grange and Waddon Estate (Palmer Family) (Brown 1998).
Professional, trade and manufacturing practice - a notable example of an Victorian Regency style house. It also has a strong association with the Marsden family and Kings School (LEP, 1997).
A picturesque house which is valued for its aesthetic attributes (Criterion F.1). It is an architecturally significant example of the
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Victorian Regency style (Criterion F.1). One of the few surviving early houses of Parramatta (Criterion B.2). It is important for its close associations with the prominent Marsden family for whom it was built and with the King's School which used the house for boarding pupils between 1908 and 1965 (Criterion H.1). It is also important for its historic associations with the early development of Parramatta (Criterion A.4)(RNE, 1991). Date Significance Updated: 21 Mar 11 Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.
Description Designer/Maker: Possibly John Verge Construction Years: 1838 - Physical Description: Grounds: Set in generous grounds with large trees giving shade and privacy (AHC, 1991). Despite the reduction in extent of its grounds and later building infill and encroachment, some remnant plantings give an idea of the grandeur of the former Newlands/Broughton Hall/House in its heyday. One mature and very tall Californian desert fan palm (Washingtonia robusta) and mature shrubs including Cotoneaster sp. and African olive (Olea europaea var.cuspidata) are near the house (Stuart Read pers.comm., from photo by Sue Rosen, in Rosen, 2007, 92).
House: Broughton House is a two storey Regency style stucco brick dwelling with faceted bays to three elevations. Curved bay sections and French doors opening to verandahs. It has a hip roof covered in slate. Arched entry porch rising to a tower with a metal dome topped by a weather vane. First floor verandah bays are glassed in. Original twin verandah posts to both levels. Cast iron valance to ground floor verandahs. Twelve pane sash windows. The hall has an ornately carved timber dog leg double staircase and return landing with elaborate timber balustrades and coffered Jacobean like timber ceiling. A panelled room leads of the hall with finely carved timber fireplace and coloured panes to the twelve paned sash windows. All the main doors have ornate pedimented architraves. The servants' wing exists (AHC, 1991).
Archaeological resources - Parramatta Archaeological Management Unit 3024 (43A Thomas Street): This AMU has high archaeological research potential. In the 1790s, this AMU was part of a farm granted by Governor Phillip to seamen-settler William Reid. This, along with adjacent grants, were acquired by Samuel Marsden to form his 'Newlands Estate'. In 1835, Marsden built the home which was later known as Broughton House and is now within the Parramatta Convalescent Home, for his daughter and her husband, Rev Thomas Marsden. The house was later used by The King's School and is now the Parramatta Convalescent Home.
The physical archaeological evidence within this area may include structural features, intact subfloor deposits, open deposits and scatters, ecological samples and individual artefacts which have potential to yield information about the life of Jane and Rev Thomas Marsden, relating to major historic themes including Housing, Persons, Religion, Cultural Sites, Land Tenure, Townships, Agriculture and Welfare.
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Archaeological evidence at this site is likely to be largely intact, though subject to minor disturbance in some areas. This AMU is of Local significance. Physical Condition and/or Physical condition is good. Much altered and adapted. Date Archaeological Potential: Condition Updated: 09 Jun 99 Modifications and Dates: Originally on 20 acre Lot Federation era - two wings added on north- west and north-east of house. c1900 - second storey constructed. c1916 - Transfer of 7 acres 3 roods and 8 acres for town lots (Northern section) c1970 - Bays to west elevation removed for brick extension. 1990 - New brick single storey building at southern side of lot. 1992 - Brick extension to west elevation demolished leaving interior walls exposed. 1993-94 - Single storey buildings erected between original building and south boundary. Single storey verandahs converted to two storey at unknown date. 2008 - removing, replacing and (in the central, Verge-designed oldest section) re-instating sound roofing slates. The best existing tiles taken from all over the roof and re-used. New slate to be Welsh slate to match existing colour best. Further Information: W. M. Brownrigg, Map of Parramatta, 1844; CPS; NTL
Buildings from the same period are: The Vineyard (Subiaco) built 1838 - demolished 1961 Pemberton Grange - demolished early 1900s Waddon Estate - demolished early 1900s Macarthur House built 1856 Wavertree built c1841 Blair Athol built 1835 - demolished 1933 Current Use: convalescent home Former Use: Rural homestead, school boarding house, nursing home
History Historical Notes: In c1790, this Archaeological Management Unit ((AMU) 3024 - 43A Thomas Street) was within Town Boundary Farms No. 7, which, along with Farm No. 6, was marked 'Setters from the Sirius'. (Bonwick Transcripts, c1790). These two sixty acre farms, stretching from today's Isabella Street south to the River, were granted to Sirius seamen settlers Robert Webb (c1762-1799) and William Reid (c1765-?) in March 1791, by Governor Phillip, for farming. Huts were built for them, two acres of land cleared and they were granted food, seed, agricultural tools, livestock and medical attention. Their assigned convicts were provided for from the public stores for one year. (Kass et al 1996: 30)
Over the two decades, Farm No. 7 and adjacent landholdings were bought up by, and/or granted to, Samuel Marsden. The Reverend Samuel Marsden (1764-1838) was born in Yorkshire and arrived in the colony of New South Wales as assistant to the Chaplain in March 1794. (Kass et al 1996: 49) Later becoming Principal Chaplain at Parramatta, he was an ardent farmer and pastoralist and a central member of the Parramatta gentry. While his official Parramatta residence was the Parsonage (on May's Hill), built in 1817 to Francis Greenway's design, he acquired several grants of land, which he called Newlands, on the northern side of the Parramatta River. (Kass et al 1996: 95).
In 1835, Marsden built a house for his daughter Jane and her husband, the Rev Thomas Marsden (cousin of Samuel). (Kass et al 1996: 95)(Parramatta Archaeological Landscape Management System, 2001 - AMU 3024). The house was later known as Broughton House and at one time used by The King's School, it survives within the Parramatta Nursing Home. (SHI 2240564) The
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landscaped grounds preserved until at least 1951 (Land and Property Information, 1951) has been built upon for other buildings associated with the nursing home (Parramatta Archaeological Landscape Management System, 2001 - AMU 3024).
Pieter Laurentz Campbell purchased 15 acres 3 roods from Samuel Marsden's extensive grant named Newlands, district of Field of Mars on 24th November 1837. Campbell was the Police Magistrate for Parramatta and Acting Colonial Treasurer. The dwelling and other buildings were completed by 1 February 1839. Campbell borrowed money from William Lawson of Parramatta and built a grand house in 1838/1839 (Brown, 1999). Campbell married Barbara Macleay, daughter of Colonial Secretary Alexander Macleay, in September 1834. He was posted to Parramatta as Police Magistrate in October 1836. The Campbells took up residence in a house that stood 'entirely by itself' near the 'Government Paddock'. This was a designated place and appeared on various maps from c.1828. It was at the south west corner of the present day Great Western Highway and Church Street (Rosen, 2007, 86).
Three months after his appointment, Campbell purchased eight acres from Rev.Samuel Marsden on the northern side of the Parramatta River, extending to the water and almost opposite Experiment Farm. Building began shortly after, as is evidenced by Conrad Martens' "View of Parramatta from the grounds of H.H.Macarthur" dated 25/9/1837 which depicts the very substantial two storey residence. The house was designed by architect John Verge who, about the same time, also drew up plans for Elizabeth Bay House, for Campbell's father-in-law, Alexander Macleay. (Aside from the clues of Verge's stylistic attributes, in February 1839 Campbell applied to purchase 1048 acres on the Macleay River and this land was immediately on sold to Verge for a nominal fee. It is reasonable to assume that this was payment). In February 1838 Campbell bought another seven acres from Marsden that adjoined his earlier purchase, extending to the north to present-day Victoria Road (ibid, 86-7).
In February 1839, as Campbell prepared to move to Sydney to assume the office of Acting Colonial Treasurer, the property was re- acquired by the Marsden family (the Rev.Samuel had died on 12/5/1838) when Jane Marsden, Samuel's daughter, purchased it from Campbell. The transfer was done using a legal device known as a 'lease and release' which in effect kept the sale secret for at least the term of the lease, in this instance, one year. It also meant that the family could continue to reside there until premises were found in the east (ibid, 87).
Conrad Martens' sketched the house identifying it as the 'House of L Campbell Esq. J.P.Parramatta 20 March 1839'. In April 1839 Campbell purchased from Martens his "View of Parramatta" which shows his house as a prominent feature of the landscape as seen from the eastern approach from the river and also the 'house at Parramatta', together with a copy. In total he spent 22.1.0 pounds on the three works, a substantial sum for Campbell who was continually plagued with financial shortfalls. He was indeed proud of the house, despite the family's very limited period of occupation of only about one year (ibid, 87-8).
Elizabeth Macarthur (of Elizabeth Farm south of /over the River) wrote in a letter of 6/3/1839 referring to Campbell and his family being her "near neighbours" and resident in the "new cottage on the Estate of the late Dr.Harris". Historian Sue Rosen notes that Broughton Hall was built in 1837 and designed by John Verge. She quotes Macarthur's 1839 letter further: " Mr Riddell has two years leave of absence from his duties as Colonial Treasurer. Mr Laurentz Campbell who has been our Police
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Magistrate for the last three years is to take Riddell's place - & he is already gone to Sydney - His little Wife and three little ones, who are our near neighbours - & have occupied a new cottage on the Estate of the late Dr.Harris follow as soon as they can get a house in Sydney. Mr Campbell is a most vigilant & active Policy Magistrate and has kept the Town of Parramatta and its neighbourhood free from robberies and disturbances..." (ibid, 84-5).
The 'new cottage' has been taken to mean Experiment Farm Cottage (Harris owned Experiment Farm on the River's southern bank adjoining Elizabeth Farm). Yet the Campbell residence, which was sketched in March 1839 by Conrad Martens, was located on the northern side of the river, almost opposite Experiment Farm. This house still stands, although much-altered, and is currently known as Broughton House. It is located at 43A Thomas Street (Rosen, 2007, 84-93).
A few kilometres east along the banks of the Parramatta River (in today's Rydalmere), Hannibal H Macarthur had Verge design a two- storey mansion, the Vineyard in 1835 (Brown, 1999).
The north bank of the Parramatta River appeared to be the preferred part of town where many quality homes were built during the 1830s. Waddon Cottage and Pemberton Grange had been erected for the Palmers. Samuel Marsden's house was the first to be named Newlands, built 1835 was west of Campbell's building. Across the river, John Macarthur had enlarged Elizabeth Farm and further east along Duck River, John Blaxland had erected a two-storey mansion called Newington.
An indenture dated 1 February 1839 transferred the property to Jane Marsden, daughter of the late Reverend Samuel Marsden for 1500 pounds. Jane Marsden resided in Newlands house only for a short time, for in 1842 she sailed to England with her two children. The property was advertised seeking a tenant for a three year lease in the Sydney Morning Herald in May 1841. It remained in Jane Marsden's name until 1876. Further research is required to establish who occupied the house from 1842 to 1864. It was possibly leased as a residence by military officers.
One of the most popular schools in Parramatta was conducted by William Woolls. He first started a school at Harrisford in George Street Parramatta in 1842 but moved to the larger premises of Newlands in 1864. The school was for local boys as wells as boarders. During Woolls' stay at Newlands, he continued his extensive botanical studies including botany in the school curriculum, taking the boys regularly on field trips around the hills of Parramatta collecting samples of unknown specimens. Woolls was an important early schoolmaster and botanist. He lectured frequently on the botanical landscape and was recognised by the greatest of the British and European botanists and on whose recommendation Woolls was admitted in 1865, as a Fellow of the Linnean Society in London, one of the most respected scientific organisations in Britain. In August 1872 Woolls retired from teaching and was admitted to the Holy Order in 1873, becoming the Rev. William Woolls.
In 1876, Thomas Kendall Bowden bought the property for 2,000 pounds (family of lawyers, his father was Mayor of Parramatta, Methodist Pioneers). He died 31 October 1879 and Trustee, William Byrnes was appointed to act on behalf of widow Mary Elizabeth Bowden and the property transferred and later became known as Bowden House. Sarah Emily Richards was the owner of Bowden House on 20 August 1897 paying 2,000 pounds (Brown, 1999).
An 1877 birds-eye view of Parramatta shows the former Campbell
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residence on the northern side of the river. An enlargement of the Campbell house in this view provides some indication of the scale and the detailing of the house (Rosen, 2007, 91). It also indicates a number of large trees, one of which appears tall and narrow and dark, such as an Araucaria sp. pine (Stuart Read, pers.comm., 21/3/11).
In 1906 James Swanton Vickery on behalf of S.E. Richards discharged a mortgage of 4,100 pounds on the property.
In 1908 Percival Stacy Waddy paid 3,500 pounds for the property. The house was leased to the King's School at this time. Stacy Waddy, the Headmaster on 16 September 1909, personally financed the mortgage and leased the house to the school council. The property was used to train young men in wool classing, farm management and engineering. Waddy first named the property 'the Farm House' but later renamed it 'Broughton House' in honour of the founder of the King's School in Australia (Brown, 1999).
It was not until 6 June 1916 that The King's School Council bought the house and land from Waddy. The school continued until 1942 when it closed due to wartime restrictions, re-opening in 1946 and continuing until the mid 1960s (Brown, 1999).
The land was possibly subdivided at this time and house and its smaller allotment were sold. The next use of the building and grounds was as a convalescent home and maintains that use today (Brown, 1999).
The landscaped grounds preserved until at least 1951 (Land and Property Information, 1951) have been built upon for other buildings associated with the nursing home. The house survives within the Parramatta Nursing Home (SHI 2240564)(Parramatta Archaeological Landscape Management System, 2001 - AMU 3024).
Newlands was bought by Panoramic View Units Pty Ltd in December 1965 for 60,000 pounds. On 24 July 1971 the Certificate of Title was transferred to Parramatta Convalescent Home Pty Ltd and it has since been operated as a nursing home (Brown 1999).
Historic Themes
Australian New South Wales Theme Local Theme Theme (abbrev) 2. Peopling - Convict - Activities relating to incarceration, transport, Working on private Peopling the reform, accommodation and working during the convict assignment - continent period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities 2. Peopling - Convict - Activities relating to incarceration, transport, Creating a gentleman's Peopling the reform, accommodation and working during the convict estate - continent period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities 3. Economy - Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing Pastoralism - grazing Developing local, of plant and animal species, usually for commercial sheep, cattle, goats or regional and purposes, can include aquaculture other animals - national economies 3. Economy - Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing Attempting to transplant Developing local, of plant and animal species, usually for commercial European farming regional and purposes, can include aquaculture practices to Australian
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national economies environments - 3. Economy - Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing Clearing land for farming Developing local, of plant and animal species, usually for commercial - regional and purposes, can include aquaculture national economies 3. Economy - Environment - cultural landscape - Activities associated with Landscapes and gardens Developing local, the interactions between humans, human societies and the of domestic regional and shaping of their physical surroundings accommodation - national economies 3. Economy - Environment - cultural landscape - Activities associated with Gardens and landscapes Developing local, the interactions between humans, human societies and the reminiscent of an 'old regional and shaping of their physical surroundings country' - national economies 3. Economy - Environment - cultural landscape - Activities associated with Landscapes of institutions Developing local, the interactions between humans, human societies and the - productive and regional and shaping of their physical surroundings ornamental - national economies 3. Economy - Environment - cultural landscape - Activities associated with Significant tree(s) Developing local, the interactions between humans, human societies and the providing urban amenity - regional and shaping of their physical surroundings national economies 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing politicians - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Gentlemens Mansions - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Country Villa - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing farming families - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing public servants Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – and officials - settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing the prosperous - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – mansions in town and settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of country - and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing for farm and Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – station hands - settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing famous families - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Boarding Houses - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of Housing teachers - Building accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – settlements, towns does not include architectural styles – use the theme of and cities Creative Endeavour for such activities. 4. Settlement - Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms Selecting land for pastoral Building of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both or agricultural purposes -
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settlements, towns Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal and cities 4. Settlement - Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms Changing land uses - Building of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both from rural to suburban - settlements, towns Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal and cities 4. Settlement - Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms Sub-division of large Building of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both estates - settlements, towns Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal and cities 4. Settlement - Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms Granting Crown lands for Building of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both private farming - settlements, towns Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Developing suburbia - Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Country Estate - Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Rural estates - Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Role of transport in Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, settlement - settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages and cities 4. Settlement - Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with Creating landmark Building creating, planning and managing urban functions, structures and places in settlements, towns landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages regional settings - and cities 5. Working - Labour - Activities associated with work practises and Working independently on Working organised and unorganised labour the land - 6. Educating - Education - Activities associated with teaching and learning (none) - Educating by children and adults, formally and informally. 6. Educating - Education - Activities associated with teaching and learning Private (religious) Educating by children and adults, formally and informally. schooling - 6. Educating - Education - Activities associated with teaching and learning College boarding house - Educating by children and adults, formally and informally. 7. Governing - Welfare - Activities and process associated with the Hospital/nursing home Governing provision of social services by the state or philanthropic phase - organisations 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Building in response to Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural natural landscape institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; features. - ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Building in response to Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural climate - verandahs - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Designing in an Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural exemplary architectural institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; style - ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.
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8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Architectural styles and Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural periods - colonial institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; homestead - ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Landscaping - Federation Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural period - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Landscaping - colonial Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural period - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Landscaping - Victorian Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural gardenesque style - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Interior design styles and Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural periods - Victorian - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the Architectural styles and Developing cultural production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural periods - Victorian (mid) - institutions and and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; ways of life and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Living in suburbia - Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions and institutions. ways of life 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Wealthy pastoralists Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and homes in the city - institutions and institutions. ways of life 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Living in, adapting and Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and renovating homes for institutions and institutions. changing conditions - ways of life 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Living in a rural Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and homestead - institutions and institutions. ways of life 8. Culture - Domestic life - Activities associated with creating, Kitchens and servants - Developing cultural maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions and institutions. ways of life 8. Culture - Leisure - Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Gathering at landmark Developing cultural places to socialise - institutions and ways of life 8. Culture - Leisure - Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Gardening - Developing cultural institutions and ways of life
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9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable (none) - Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups of life 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with John Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Verge, architect - of life 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Rev Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Samuel Marsden, of life archbishop of colony - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Pieter Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Laurentz Campbell, of life Colonial Treasurer - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Rev. Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups William Woolls, teacher, of life botanist and priest - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Jane Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Marsden, daughter of of life Rev.Samuel Marsden - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Stacy Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Waddy, Headmaster of of life The Kings School, 1908- 12 - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Rev. Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Thomas Marsden, priest of life and cousin of Rev.Samuel Marsden - 9. Phases of Life - Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable Associations with Thomas Marking the phases individuals, families and communal groups Kendall Bowden, solicitor of life -
Assessment of Significance SHR Criteria a) Broughton House reflects the social and economic status of the [Historical Significance] wealthier free settler who played an essential part in the establishment of New South Wales. It is associated with important Marsden family and other prominent people such as Piter Campbell, William Woolls, Thomas Bowden, Percival Waddy and the Kings School. It is associated with the early development of Parramatta. SHR Criteria c) Broughton House is a noteable example of a Victorian Regency style [Aesthetic Significance] house, set in large grounds. It demonstrates the importance of location and address, being sited on the north side of Parramatta River. SHR Criteria d) Broughton House is valued by the community, which is demonstrated [Social Significance] by their concern for its future. It has strong ties with Kings School and was a place that educated many students between 1916 and 1942. SHR Criteria e) Broughton House provides an example of the interior and exterior [Research Potential] construction materials and decoration of its time. It has archaelogical potential to reveal details about the original garden layout, remnant structues and how the property was used over time. It has been suggested that broughton House was designed by Verge. SHR Criteria f) Broughton House is the sole remaining home of a series of quality [Rarity] residences which faced south over the Parramatta River such as the Vinyard (Subiaco), Newlands (Athole), Pemberton Grange and Waddon Estate (Palmer Family). SHR Criteria g) Broughton House represents the type of residence constructed by [Representativeness] the wealthier free settlers of NSW.
Integrity/Intactness: Broughton House is largely intact. The interior retains many of the
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original features. Some alterations have been made to accommodate Health Department requirements. Two faceted bows to the western side have been removed.
Assessment Criteria Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.
Recommended Management Recommendations
Management Category Description Date Updated Recommended Management Produce a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) Recommended Management Carry out an Archaeological Assessment Recommended Management Prepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines
Procedures /Exemptions
Section Action Description Title Comments of Act Date 57(2) Exemption to Standard SCHEDULE OF STANDARD EXEMPTIONS Sep 5 allow work Exemptions HERITAGE ACT 1977 2008 Notice of Order Under Section 57 (2) of the Heritage Act 1977
I, the Minister for Planning, pursuant to subsection 57 (2) of the Heritage Act 1977, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales, do by this Order:
1. revoke the Schedule of Exemptions to subsection 57 (1) of the Heritage Act made under subsection 57(2) and published in the Government Gazette on 22 February 2008; and
2. grant standard exemptions from subsection 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977, described in the Schedule attached.
FRANK SARTOR Minister for Planning Sydney, 11 July 2008
To view the schedule click on the Standard Exemptions for Works Requiring Heritage Council Approval link below.
Standard Exemptions for Works Requiring Heritage Council Approval
Listings
Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page Heritage Act - State Heritage 01302 01 Oct 99 114 9694 Register Local Environmental Plan 564 27 Feb 97 901 National Trust of Australia 9235 register
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Register of the National Estate 003092 14 May 91 11 45 Study Details
Title Year Number Author Inspected by Guidelines Used City of Parramatta Heritage Study 1993 564 Meredith Walker Yes
References, Internet links & Images
Internet Type Author Year Title Links Written Rosen, Sue 2007 Australia's Oldest House - Surgeon John Harris and Experiment Farm Cottage Written Brown, Shylie 1999 State Heritage Inventory form Written Liston, Carol 1996 Parramatta - A Past Revealed Written Thompson M 1996 William Woolls, A Man of Parramatta Written Gibney H & 1987 A Biographical Register 1788-1939 Smith A Written Proudfoot, 1974 Heritage Study of the City of Parramatta Helen Written Teale R 1967 A Brave New World In the Australian Bush: the Anglican Diocese of Bathurst & its first Bishop, Samuel E Marsden Written King H & 1967 Australian Dictionary of Biography Goodin V Written Land Title Office documents
Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.
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Data Source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Heritage Office Database Number: 5051402 File Number: S91/02443/1
Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .
All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.
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Wavertree
Item Name of Item: Wavertree Type of Item: Built Group/Collection: Residential buildings (private) Category: House Primary Address: 10 New Zealand Street, East Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local Govt. Area: Parramatta Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number LOT 3 - DP 211226
All Addresses
Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type 10 New Zealand Street East Parramatta Parramatta Primary
Statement of The house Wavertree is of significance for the local area for its historical and aesthetic values, for its association with Captain Fairclough and his father in Significance Law James Houison (builder of this house) and as a representative and rare example of large Victorian Georgian style house in the local area.
Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.
Description Construction Years: 1840 - Physical Fine early Victorian sandstone house in the Houison manner of a single storey Description: with cellar and atti, located on a rise it would have originally had views across the Parramatta River. French doors open to a flagged verandah with paired wooden posts, stop chamfered, in the James Houison style. Slate roof on ashlar sandstone walls. Roof hipped, with gable extension on west (rear) elevation with gabled dormers in rear of roof, above presumed early kitchen. Three tall sandstone chimneys set diagonally on base with steps adn a shorter rendered chimney at rear with brick cowl. Corrugated iron skillion across part of rear elevation enclosing a room and verandah. Verandah is skillion, hip, with slate roof, across front and returns to both side elevations (signs of earlier verandah skillion across front only), with sandstone flagging. Windows have sandstone sills. Exterior doors have transom light over French doors with simple timber moulded panels below and glazed margin bar panes above. Transom light also above six-panelled front door with simple timber moulded panels, original door furniture and bell in wall beside door, flanked by paired
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coach lights. A very large cellar beneath house. High paling fence with a tongue and groove timber gate. Physical Condition and/or National Trust (Parramatta Branch): Excellent. Archaeological Potential: Modifications and National Trust (Parramatta Branch) supplied Year Started. Dates: Further CPS, PRS Information:
History Historical Notes: The site is part of Samuel Marsden's grant of 112 acres. Built by James Houison as a wedding present for his daughter Annie who married Capain Hugh Fairclough in 1862. Fairclough called it Wavertree after his birthplace. National Trust (Parramatta Branch): MW says built for daughter Annie and given as gift on wedding to Hugh Fairclough, who named house after his birthplace in Scotland. The house was built twenty years before Annie's wedding which was in 1862. Palm trees across the road originally formed driveway from Parramatta River to cottage.(ref:.: Shylie Brown) | |
Assessment of Significance SHR Criteria a) This item historically significant. [Historical Significance] SHR Criteria b) This item has a significance level of association [Associative Significance] SHR Criteria c) This item is aesthetically significant [Aesthetic Significance] SHR Criteria f) This item is rare [Rarity] SHR Criteria g) This item is representative. [Representativeness]
Assessment Criteria Items are assessed against the to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.
Listings
Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page Local Environmental 21 Feb 97 Plan Study Details
Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by Used City of Parramatta Heritage 1993 405 Meredith Walker Yes Study
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Parramatta Heritage 2004 National Trust (Parramatta No Review Branch)
References, Internet links & Images None Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.
Data Source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Local Government Database Number: 2240405
Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .
All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.
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Palms
Item Name of Item: Palms Type of Item: Landscape Group/Collection: Parks, Gardens and Trees Category: Tree groups - avenue of Primary Address: 5, 7, 9, (rear) Rangihou Crescent, East Parramatta, NSW 2150 Local Govt. Area: Parramatta Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number LOT 4 - DP 27317 LOT 5 - DP 27317 LOT 6 - DP 27317
All Addresses
Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type 5, 7, 9, (rear) Rangihou Crescent East Parramatta Parramatta Primary
Statement of Row of palms at Rangihou Crescent is of local significance for its associaiton with Wavertree, the house at 10 New Zealand Street. Significance Date Significance Updated: 19 Mar 02 Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.
Description Physical Description: Row of five palm trees at the back of house allotments, a survivor of the previous occupation of the site, and originally driveway entrance to Wavertree (10 New Zealand Street). Further Information: Subd plans (ML) - Parramatta; Water Board plans
History Historical Notes: Land subdivided as lot 44 of Revd Samuel Marsden's Estate circa 1840. In November 1926, a series of stable buildings, at the rear of a house named "Everton" facing New Zealand Street occupied most of these allotments prior to the current subdivision National Trust (Parramatta Branch): |
Assessment of Significance
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SHR Criteria a) This item historically significant. [Historical Significance]
Assessment Criteria Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.
Listings
Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page Local Environmental 463 21 Feb 97 20 873 Plan Study Details
Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by Used City of Parramatta Heritage 1993 463 Meredith Walker Yes Study Parramatta Heritage 2004 National Trust (Parramatta No Review Branch)
References, Internet links & Images None Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.
Data Source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Local Government Database Number: 2240463
Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .
All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.
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Wetlands
Item Name of Item: Wetlands Type of Item: Landscape Group/Collection: Landscape - Natural Category: Wetland or river Primary Address: Parramatta River, Camelia, Clyde, Rydalmere, Ermington, NSW Local Govt. Area: Parramatta Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number All Addresses
Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type Parramatta River Camelia, Clyde, Rydalmere, Ermington Parramatta Primary System Camelia, Clyde, Rydalmere, Ermington Parramatta Alternate
Statement of The wetlands along Parramatta River are of significance for Parramatta area as remnant representative areas of mangroves and salt marshes Significance which once extensively lined the foreshores and tidal water flats of the region.
Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.
Description Physical Description: This item consists of remnant wetland vegetation, characterised by mangrove and saltmarsh complex, located along the foreshores of Parramatta and Duck rivers and their tributaries, Vineyard and Subiaco creeks. Further Information: Parramatta Regional Enviromental Study. Open Space and Recreation Heritage Study. Department of Enviroment and Planning Sydney. 1986
Assessment of Significance SHR Criteria g) This item is representative. [Representativeness]
Assessment Criteria Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of
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statutory protection.
Listings
Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Heritage Listing Title Number Date Number Page Local Environmental 429 21 Feb 97 20 873 Plan Study Details
Inspected Guidelines Title Year Number Author by Used City of Parramatta Heritage 1993 429 Meredith Walker Yes Study Parramatta Heritage 2004 National Trust (Parramatta No Review Branch)
References, Internet links & Images None Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.
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Data Source The information for this entry comes from the following source: Name: Local Government Database Number: 2240429
Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager .
All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Branch or respective copyright owners.
NSW Government | Site Map | Contact Us | Copyright | Disclaimer | Privacy
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