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Tibet Under Chinese Communist Rule
TIBET UNDER CHINESE COMMUNIST RULE A COMPILATION OF REFUGEE STATEMENTS 1958-1975 A SERIES OF “EXPERT ON TIBET” PROGRAMS ON RADIO FREE ASIA TIBETAN SERVICE BY WARREN W. SMITH 1 TIBET UNDER CHINESE COMMUNIST RULE A Compilation of Refugee Statements 1958-1975 Tibet Under Chinese Communist Rule is a collection of twenty-seven Tibetan refugee statements published by the Information and Publicity Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in 1976. At that time Tibet was closed to the outside world and Chinese propaganda was mostly unchallenged in portraying Tibet as having abolished the former system of feudal serfdom and having achieved democratic reforms and socialist transformation as well as self-rule within the Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibetans were portrayed as happy with the results of their liberation by the Chinese Communist Party and satisfied with their lives under Chinese rule. The contrary accounts of the few Tibetan refugees who managed to escape at that time were generally dismissed as most likely exaggerated due to an assumed bias and their extreme contrast with the version of reality presented by the Chinese and their Tibetan spokespersons. The publication of these very credible Tibetan refugee statements challenged the Chinese version of reality within Tibet and began the shift in international opinion away from the claims of Chinese propaganda and toward the facts as revealed by Tibetan eyewitnesses. As such, the publication of this collection of refugee accounts was an important event in the history of Tibetan exile politics and the international perception of the Tibet issue. The following is a short synopsis of the accounts. -
Pullman Lijiang Resort &
Pullman Lijiang Resort & Spa - Out & About - Tour Rate 丽江铂尔曼度假酒店 - 悠游 - 旅游价目表 Driving Time Per Person In RMB Net 税后人民币每人 Tour Route Duration HIGHLANDER/MPV MPV HIACE/COASTER COASTER Optional Service Items at Guests Own (Round Trip) NO. 汉兰达/豪华商务 豪华商务 海狮/柯斯达 柯斯达 Expense n' Price 乘车时间 旅游线路 游览时间 1-2 persons 3-5 persons 6-9 persons 10 persons 自费可选旅游服务项目及价格 (双程) Jade Dragon Snow Mountain - Glacier Park VIP Pass 贵宾通道 150 ( The most southerly glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere, Blue Moon Valley, BaiSha ) 900 800 700 650 Impression Lijiang VIP: 260 玉龙雪山之旅 - 冰川公园 (北半球最南端的冰川、蓝月谷、白沙古镇) 印象丽江 Normal: 190 1 6 - 7 hrs 小时 1.5 hrs 小时 Jade Dragon Snow Mountain - Yak Meadow or Spruce Meadow ( Yak or Spruce Meadow, Blue Moon Valley, BaiSha ) 800 700 600 550 Hotel Lunch Box 223 玉龙雪山之旅 - 牦牛坪/云杉坪 (高山草甸、蓝月谷、白沙古镇) 酒店餐盒 Lijiang Old Town Tour 2 ( DaYan, WanGu Tower, Mu's Residence, Black Dragon Pool ) 4 hrs 小时 30 min 分钟 400 350 300 250 丽江古城之旅(大研古城、万古楼、木府、黑龙潭) ShuHe & BaiSha Old Town Horse-Drawn Carriage 3 ( ShuHe, BaiSha Old Town, BaiSha Frescoes ) 3 hrs 小时 45 min 分钟 400 300 250 200 束河和白沙古镇马车游 (束河古镇、白沙古镇、白沙壁画) LaShi Lake Tea-Horse Trading Trail - Boating-Zhiyun Temple 4 ( LaShi plateau Lake, Ancient Tea-Horse Trading Trail。 ) 4 hrs 小时 1 hrs 小时 550 500 450 400 拉市海茶马古道探险游-划船-指云寺(拉市海高原湿地湖泊、茶马古道.) Tiger Leaping Gorge Tour 5 ( YangTze River, First Bend of YangTze, Canyon, Rurality ) 7 hrs 小时 4 hrs 小时 700 600 500 400 Hotel Lunch Box 223 虎跳峡游 (金沙江、长江第一湾、高山峡谷、田园风光) 酒店餐盒 LaoJun Mountain - LiMing Adventure Tour 6 ( First Bend of YangTze River, DanXia Landform, LiSu Culture) 9 hrs 小时 5 hrs 小时 850 750 650 550 老君山 - 黎明探险游(长江第一湾,丹霞地貌,傈僳文化) Lijiang National Culture Art Museum Tour 7 (Experience the culture of Tea-Horse Road, DongBa paper, Compact tea ) 2.5 hrs 小时 30 min 分钟 450 400 350 300 马帮路民族文化艺术馆之旅 (体验茶马古道文化,东巴纸,压制普洱茶) All Tour Package includes 以上旅游行程包括: 1. -
Resettlement Monitoring and Assessment Plan 16 Pages I General
RP- 31 VOL. 4 Public Disclosure Authorized Heran 1I Higtiway Pricject Migrant Settlement Plan of Zhumadian-Xin3Tang Expresswa3y Public Disclosure Authorized (The FouiLtiRevision) Public Disclosure Authorized Henan Provincial CommunicationsDepartment November 1999 Public Disclosure Authorized A Table of Contents G e n e ra l ...................................... .... ..... I 1. Basic Situation of the Project. .. ...... -. b6 ]. Description of the Project and Its Ma'or Purpose. ...2 2. Regions Affected and Benefited by the Project .......... 3. Social and EconomicalBackground of the Regions Affected By the Project......... - .2-3 4. Measures Taken to MinimumMigrants ........ .............. 3-4 5. EconomicalAnd TechnicalFeasibility Study ............ 4 6. The Preliminary Design and ConstructionDesign ....... A4........ 7. Ownershipand OrganizationalStructure of the Project. 4 8. Social and EconomicalSurvev. 45 9. Preparationof the Migrant SettlementPlan. 56 10. ImplementationProgram Regarding Project Preparation, Contract Signingand Construction/Supervision. 6 11. Permission of Land Utilization,Resettlement and Construction . , 6 12. UnfavorableInfluence Appeared after Implementation... ....................... 6 II. Influence Exerted by This Project 8.1I 1. Land Requisition .8 2. BuildingAffected . 9 3. People Affected.............. 9-10 4. Infrastructure Facilities Affected . - 10 5. Temporary Occupancy of Land, ........................10 6. Loss of Crops 10 7. Loss of Other Properties .. I 8. Influence to the VulnerableGroups. I 111.Laws -
Quartz Sandstone Peak Forest Landforms of Zhangjiajie Geopark, Northwest Hunan Province, China: Pattern, Constraints and Comparison
Environ Earth Sci (2012) 65:1877–1894 DOI 10.1007/s12665-011-1170-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Quartz sandstone peak forest landforms of Zhangjiajie Geopark, northwest Hunan Province, China: pattern, constraints and comparison Guifang Yang • Mingzhong Tian • Xujiao Zhang • Zhenghong Chen • Robert A. L. Wray • Zhiliang Ge • Yamin Ping • Zhiyun Ni • Zhen Yang Received: 13 July 2010 / Accepted: 24 June 2011 / Published online: 10 July 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract The Zhangjiajie Sandstone Peak Forest Geo- forests and peak pillars to remnant peaks in the lower park in northwest Hunan Province, China, is a compre- valley bottoms. The form and distribution of the Zhang- hensive geopark containing many spectacular quartz jiajie sandstone landforms are primarily dominated by the sandstone landforms, limestone karst landscapes and vari- geological setting, particularly the presence of brittle ous other important geoheritage resources. It is listed as a structures (fractures and joint sets) trending NNW, ENE UNESCO World Geopark and is also part of the World and NE. Triggered by the episodic tectonic movements, Heritage Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area for major streams and escarpments frequently occur along its important landscape features. Many of the sandstone these structural directions, while some of the peak walls, landforms, particularly the vast number of thin pillars or peak clusters and peak forests have their longer elongated spires, are very unusual and serve as the core landscapes of axes corresponding to NE or NNW directions, with an the geopark. But Zhangjiajie displays a diverse range of increased density of peak forms at the intersection of these landform types, exhibiting spectacular patterns and regular fractures and joints. -
New Considerations on the Sino-European Relations
NNEWEW CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS ONON THETHE SINO-EUROPEANSINO-EUROPEAN RELATIONS,RELATIONS, FFROMROM THETHE PERSPECTIVEPERSPECTIVE OFOF THETHE GLOBALGLOBAL BALANCEBALANCE OFOF POWER.POWER. TTHEHE MIRAGEMIRAGE OFOF THETHE SILKSILK ROADROAD „ASIA MATTERS – FOR EUROPE. AND EUROPE MATTERS – FOR ASIA” Joint declarati on of the former European Union leaders, Herman Van Rompuy and José Manuel Barroso 16 October 2014 Keywords: International system – diplomacy – foreign policy – China – European Union – USA – Russia – strategic partnership – European affairs – Eurasia – the Asia-Pacifi c area ► The world today is a mess, there is no doubt about it. But probably this is also how the contemporaries of other historical ti mes saw their present. We could rather say that the internati onal order is diffi cult to predict at the beginning of a century which is already dominated by very confusing moves and combinati ons. Using the author’s own means of research and observati on (fi eld research, the percepti on of reality from the perspecti ve of the study of history, and a compared dimension), this arti cle wishes to shed some light on a part of the role played by the European Union in the internati onal policy under the circumstances of the fast transformati ons suff ered by the global economic and security environment. The strategic relati on with China is worth discussing at several levels (depending on the various categories of interests); our considerati ons about the course of the strategic partnership between the two powers and about the current evoluti ons of the internati onal scene try to provide only some necessary benchmarks for an overall understanding of this diplomati c closeness. -
The Mongolian Big Dipper Sūtra
JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 29 Number 1 2006 (2008) The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies (ISSN 0193-600XX) is the organ of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Inc. It welcomes scholarly contributions pertaining to all facets of Buddhist Studies. EDITORIAL BOARD JIABS is published twice yearly, in the summer and winter. KELLNER Birgit Manuscripts should preferably be sub- KRASSER Helmut mitted as e-mail attachments to: Joint Editors [email protected] as one single file, complete with footnotes and references, BUSWELL Robert in two different formats: in PDF-format, and in Rich-Text-Format (RTF) or Open- CHEN Jinhua Document-Format (created e.g. by Open COLLINS Steven Office). COX Collet GÓMEZ Luis O. Address books for review to: HARRISON Paul JIABS Editors, Institut für Kultur - und Geistesgeschichte Asiens, Prinz-Eugen- VON HINÜBER Oskar Strasse 8-10, AT-1040 Wien, AUSTRIA JACKSON Roger JAINI Padmanabh S. Address subscription orders and dues, KATSURA Shōryū changes of address, and UO business correspondence K Li-ying (including advertising orders) to: LOPEZ, Jr. Donald S. Dr Jérôme Ducor, IABS Treasurer MACDONALD Alexander Dept of Oriental Languages and Cultures SCHERRER-SCHAUB Cristina Anthropole SEYFORT RUEGG David University of Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland SHARF Robert email: [email protected] STEINKELLNER Ernst Web: www.iabsinfo.net TILLEMANS Tom Fax: +41 21 692 30 45 ZÜRCHER Erik Subscriptions to JIABS are USD 40 per year for individuals and USD 70 per year for libraries and other institutions. For informations on membership in IABS, see back cover. -
APA NEWSLETTER on Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophies
NEWSLETTER | The American Philosophical Association Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophies SPRING 2020 VOLUME 19 | NUMBER 2 FROM THE GUEST EDITOR Ben Hammer The Timeliness of Translating Chinese Philosophy: An Introduction to the APA Newsletter Special Issue on Translating Chinese Philosophy ARTICLES Roger T. Ames Preparing a New Sourcebook in Classical Confucian Philosophy Tian Chenshan The Impossibility of Literal Translation of Chinese Philosophical Texts into English Dimitra Amarantidou, Daniel Sarafinas, and Paul J. D’Ambrosio Translating Today’s Chinese Masters Edward L. Shaughnessy Three Thoughts on Translating Classical Chinese Philosophical Texts Carl Gene Fordham Introducing Premodern Text Translation: A New Field at the Crossroads of Sinology and Translation Studies SUBMISSION GUIDELINES AND INFORMATION VOLUME 19 | NUMBER 2 SPRING 2020 © 2020 BY THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL ASSOCIATION ISSN 2155-9708 APA NEWSLETTER ON Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophies BEN HAMMER, GUEST EDITOR VOLUME 19 | NUMBER 2 | SPRING 2020 Since most of us reading this newsletter have at least a FROM THE GUEST EDITOR vague idea of what Western philosophy is, we must understand that to then learn Chinese philosophy is truly The Timeliness of Translating Chinese to reinvent the wheel. It is necessary to start from the most basic notions of what philosophy is to be able to understand Philosophy: An Introduction to the APA what Chinese philosophy is. Newsletter Special Issue on Translating In the West, religion is religion and philosophy is Chinese Philosophy philosophy. In China, this line does not exist. For China and its close East Asian neighbors, Confucianism has guided Ben Hammer the social and spiritual lives of people for thousands of EDITOR, JOURNAL OF CHINESE HUMANITIES years in the same way the Judeo-Christian tradition has [email protected] guided people in the West. -
Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism, Revised Edition
REVISED EDITION John Powers ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 1 Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 2 ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 3 Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism revised edition by John Powers Snow Lion Publications ithaca, new york • boulder, colorado ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 4 Snow Lion Publications P.O. Box 6483 • Ithaca, NY 14851 USA (607) 273-8519 • www.snowlionpub.com © 1995, 2007 by John Powers All rights reserved. First edition 1995 Second edition 2007 No portion of this book may be reproduced by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Printed in Canada on acid-free recycled paper. Designed and typeset by Gopa & Ted2, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Powers, John, 1957- Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism / by John Powers. — Rev. ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN-13: 978-1-55939-282-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-55939-282-7 (alk. paper) 1. Buddhism—China—Tibet. 2. Tibet (China)—Religion. I. Title. BQ7604.P69 2007 294.3’923—dc22 2007019309 ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 5 Table of Contents Preface 11 Technical Note 17 Introduction 21 Part One: The Indian Background 1. Buddhism in India 31 The Buddha 31 The Buddha’s Life and Lives 34 Epilogue 56 2. Some Important Buddhist Doctrines 63 Cyclic Existence 63 Appearance and Reality 71 3. Meditation 81 The Role of Meditation in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism 81 Stabilizing and Analytical Meditation 85 The Five Buddhist Paths 91 4. -
Civil Servants Being Modi-Fied
CIVIL SERVANTS BEING ‘MODI-FIED’ New Delhi bureaucrats, accustomed to leisurely lunches, swimming & golf in the afternoon and long weekends, have been shaken out of their somnolence, say authors. Fear and suspicion hang heavy over the red-sands. Frequent visitors to Delhi Gymkhana Club, one of the oldest and most coveted clubs of India, cannot stop smiling these days. Once teeming with bureaucrats during, before and after lunch hour, the club is quiet in the afternoons now. "You don't see them throwing their weight around in the bar anymore," chuckles Mohan Guruswamy, the chairman of Delhi-based think-tank Centre for Policy Alternatives and one-time advisor to former finance minister Yashwant Sinha. 1 The scene at India International Centre, another favourite hangout of bureaucrats, is similar. "It's now easier to get a table at IIC during lunch," says Guruswamy, clearly enjoying the development And the driveways of the Delhi Golf Club are deserted during office hours. "People would leave early in the evening to swim or play golf without completing the day's work. All that has changed," says a secretary with a ministry. For the civil servants posted at the Centre, life has seen an upheaval in the three months since Narendra Modi took over as the prime minister. Leisure has shrunk; work production has increased. 2 Officially, central government officers are still on a five-day week schedule, but most of them -- along with their clerks, peons and drivers -- are working almost every Saturday. If they are not clearing files, they're preparing for the week ahead because there is no telling when the Prime Minister's Office will call asking for a file. -
Herever Possible
Published by Department of Information and International Relations (DIIR) Central Tibetan Administration Dharamshala-176215 H.P. India Email: [email protected] www.tibet.net Copyright © DIIR 2018 First edition: October 2018 1000 copies ISBN-978-93-82205-12-8 Design & Layout: Kunga Phuntsok / DIIR Printed at New Delhi: Norbu Graphics CONTENTS Foreword------------------------------------------------------------------1 Chapter One: Burning Tibet: Self-immolation Protests in Tibet---------------------5 Chapter Two: The Historical Status of Tibet-------------------------------------------37 Chapter Three: Human Rights Situation in Tibet--------------------------------------69 Chapter Four: Cultural Genocide in Tibet--------------------------------------------107 Chapter Five: The Tibetan Plateau and its Deteriorating Environment---------135 Chapter Six: The True Nature of Economic Development in Tibet-------------159 Chapter Seven: China’s Urbanization in Tibet-----------------------------------------183 Chapter Eight: China’s Master Plan for Tibet: Rule by Reincarnation-------------197 Chapter Nine: Middle Way Approach: The Way Forward--------------------------225 FOREWORD For Tibetans, information is a precious commodity. Severe restric- tions on expression accompanied by a relentless disinformation campaign engenders facts, knowledge and truth to become priceless. This has long been the case with Tibet. At the time of the publication of this report, Tibet has been fully oc- cupied by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) for just five months shy of sixty years. As China has sought to develop Tibet in certain ways, largely economically and in Chinese regions, its obsessive re- strictions on the flow of information have only grown more intense. Meanwhile, the PRC has ready answers to fill the gaps created by its information constraints, whether on medieval history or current growth trends. These government versions of the facts are backed ever more fiercely as the nation’s economic and military power grows. -
Abstract Book of the 7Th International
Abstract Book With great thanks to our sponsors TABLE OF CONTENTS Conference themes & scientific committee 26 Aspiring Geoparks Oral R. Burns, J. Moreira, D. Robinson, T. Kicklighter 29 APPALACHIAN GEOPARK PROPOSAL: HERITAGE AND HOPEFUL FUTURE IN THE MOUNTAIN STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA, USA A. Amrikazemi, M. Abbasi 30 ARAS ASPIRING GEOPARK: CONTROLLING AND FINE-TUNING RAPID DEVELOPMENT G. Fernandes, E. Castro, G. Firmino 31 THE ASPIRING GEOPARK ESTRELA, PORTUGAL: A LAND OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND CULTURE T. Hermansson, A. Brozinski 32 THE ASPIRING GEOPARK LAUHANVUORI REGION: FROM WOLF CAVE TO HUMMOCKS AND PUDDLES E. Vye, W. Rose 33 ASPIRING GEOPARKS IN THE UNITED STATES – MICHIGAN’S KEWEENAW PENINSULA Y. Woo, C. Song, C. Lee, C. Lim, M. Huh 34 ASPIRING GLOBAL GEOPARK WITH THE GIANT COLUMNS: MUDEUNGSAN AREA NATIONAL GEOPARK (KOREA) A. Bergengren, A. Bang Rande 35 ASPIRING TROLLFJELL GEOPARK – PROMOTING SUSTAIBALE TOURISM BASED ON EXPECTIONAL GEOLOGICAL FEATURES A. Robinson 36 AUSTRALIAN GEOTOURISM – PATHWAYS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT REVEALED J. Ongoto, P.R. Palomo, S.F. Toteu 37 BARINGO ASPIRING GEOPARK IN KENYA: AN EXAMPLE OF A LOCAL COLLABORATIVE INITIATIVE BETWEEN LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS AND THE KENYAN NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO 2 H. Herry, Z.Z.A.S. Zain, H. Samodra 38 BUSINESS SECTOR ROLE IN THE GEOPARK DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF PT BIO FARMA (PERSERO) IN THE DEVELOPMENT CILETUH GEOPARK T. The Vinh, N. Bich Ngoc, T. Hong Thinh, T. Tan Van 39 CAO BANG – AN ASPIRING GEOPARK IN A TROPICAL MATURE KARST LANDSCAPE M. Yamamoto, K. Iwai, G. Martini 40 CHANGING CONCEPT AND STRATEGY OF NATIONAL GEOPARK – THE EXAMPLE OF SAKARIJIMA-KINKOWAN NATIONAL GEOPARK (JAPAN) S. -
CCICED 2013 Annual General Meeting
Contents CCICED 2013 Annual General Meeting Meeting Agenda Agenda of CCICED 2013 Annual General Meeting .............................. 2 Agenda of Open Forum 1 of CCICED 2013 AGM ................................ 5 Agenda of Open Forum 2 of CCICED 2013 AGM ................................ 6 Agenda of Open Forum 3 of CCICED 2013 AGM ................................ 7 Remarks of Leaders “Making a great effort to implement the Action Plan on Air Pollution Prevention and Control and achieving more blue-sky days for people” Special Speech at the Opening Session Zhou Shengxian, Minister of Environmental Protection, CCICED Chinese Executive Vice Chairperson …………..………....9 “Introduction of the Initial Draft AGM Policy Recommendations to the Government of China” Speech at the Opening Session Peter Kent,Member of the Canadian Parliament, Former Minister, Environment Canada, CCICED International Executive Vice Chairperson ........................ 15 Speech at the Opening Session Achim Steiner,Executive Director of UNEP, CCICED Vice Chairperson……………………………………...…17 Summary Speech at the Closing Session Zhou Shengxian, Minister of Environmental Protection, CCICED Chinese Executive Vice Chairperson .................................. 19 Meeting Documents CCICED 2013 Work Report ................................................................. 23 Policy Recommendations to the Government of China ........................ 34 CCICED 2014 Work Plan ..................................................................... 49 Progress in Environment and Development