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Tibet Under Chinese Communist Rule
TIBET UNDER CHINESE COMMUNIST RULE A COMPILATION OF REFUGEE STATEMENTS 1958-1975 A SERIES OF “EXPERT ON TIBET” PROGRAMS ON RADIO FREE ASIA TIBETAN SERVICE BY WARREN W. SMITH 1 TIBET UNDER CHINESE COMMUNIST RULE A Compilation of Refugee Statements 1958-1975 Tibet Under Chinese Communist Rule is a collection of twenty-seven Tibetan refugee statements published by the Information and Publicity Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in 1976. At that time Tibet was closed to the outside world and Chinese propaganda was mostly unchallenged in portraying Tibet as having abolished the former system of feudal serfdom and having achieved democratic reforms and socialist transformation as well as self-rule within the Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibetans were portrayed as happy with the results of their liberation by the Chinese Communist Party and satisfied with their lives under Chinese rule. The contrary accounts of the few Tibetan refugees who managed to escape at that time were generally dismissed as most likely exaggerated due to an assumed bias and their extreme contrast with the version of reality presented by the Chinese and their Tibetan spokespersons. The publication of these very credible Tibetan refugee statements challenged the Chinese version of reality within Tibet and began the shift in international opinion away from the claims of Chinese propaganda and toward the facts as revealed by Tibetan eyewitnesses. As such, the publication of this collection of refugee accounts was an important event in the history of Tibetan exile politics and the international perception of the Tibet issue. The following is a short synopsis of the accounts. -
Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism, Revised Edition
REVISED EDITION John Powers ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 1 Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 2 ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 3 Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism revised edition by John Powers Snow Lion Publications ithaca, new york • boulder, colorado ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 4 Snow Lion Publications P.O. Box 6483 • Ithaca, NY 14851 USA (607) 273-8519 • www.snowlionpub.com © 1995, 2007 by John Powers All rights reserved. First edition 1995 Second edition 2007 No portion of this book may be reproduced by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Printed in Canada on acid-free recycled paper. Designed and typeset by Gopa & Ted2, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Powers, John, 1957- Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism / by John Powers. — Rev. ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN-13: 978-1-55939-282-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-55939-282-7 (alk. paper) 1. Buddhism—China—Tibet. 2. Tibet (China)—Religion. I. Title. BQ7604.P69 2007 294.3’923—dc22 2007019309 ITTB_Interior 9/20/07 2:23 PM Page 5 Table of Contents Preface 11 Technical Note 17 Introduction 21 Part One: The Indian Background 1. Buddhism in India 31 The Buddha 31 The Buddha’s Life and Lives 34 Epilogue 56 2. Some Important Buddhist Doctrines 63 Cyclic Existence 63 Appearance and Reality 71 3. Meditation 81 The Role of Meditation in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism 81 Stabilizing and Analytical Meditation 85 The Five Buddhist Paths 91 4. -
6 Days Lhasa Namtso Lake Tour
www.lilysunchinatours.com 6 Days Lhasa Namtso Lake Tour Basics Tour Code: LCT - Tibet - 6D - 01 Attractions: Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple, Barkhor Street, Norbulingka, Drepung Monastery, Sera Monastery, Namtso Lake Overview: Lhasa is not just about history and Buddhism; it’s also about the scenery and landscape. This specially designed itinerary combines both the city highlights of Lhasa but the picture-postcard Namtso Lake. The exotic Buddhist monasteries in Lhasa city will give you a sense of what modern Tibetans look like, while the beautiful yet harsh landscape of the holy Namtso Lake will tell you about the Tibetan nomads. Join us for a once-in-a-lifetime journey. Highlights Shower in the warm sunshine, azure blue sky and cool weather of Lhasa city; Be moved by the devoutness of the Tibetan Buddhist pilgrims; Taste the exotic Tibetan culture in the world-famous Barkhor Street; Marvel at the stunning scenery of Namtso Lake; Immerse yourself in the vigorous debates over Buddhism. Itinerary Date Starting Time Destination Day 1 Flexible Arrival in Lhasa Day 2 9:00 a.m Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple, Barkhor Street Day 3 9:00 a.m Drepung Monastery, Sera Monastery Day 4 7:00 a.m Drive to Namtso Lake, Overnight in a Namtso Guesthouse Tel: +86 18629295068 1 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] www.lilysunchinatours.com Day 5 9:00 a.m Namtso - Lhasa Day 6 Flexible Lhasa Departure Day 1: Arrival in Lhasa Upon your arrival in Lhasa, either by train or plane, our Lhasa guide and driver will pick you up and transfer you to your hotel. -
Sichuan/Gansu/Qinghai/Tibet (14 Days) We Love Road Journeys
Tibetan Highlands: Sichuan/Gansu/Qinghai/Tibet (14 Days) We love road journeys. They are by far our favourite way of traveling. We think the world of western China and the countries that border on this region – think Vietnam, Lao, Thailand, Myanmar, for example. On the Road Experiences is all about sharing with like-minded travelers just how beautiful a road journey in these varied lands can be. Now turn the page to find out what we’ve come to love so much… p2 p3 Itinerary Map …where you will travel… p. 006 Yes, it is possible… p. 008 Journey of Discovery… p. 010 Day-by-day… p. 056 In closing... Any car you like, so long as it is an SUV… p. 077 Adventures and discoveries in local cuisines p. 078 What’s included/Best Months to Go... p. 080 Photo credits p. 083 p5 Itinerary Map Day1 Day8 Arrival in Chengdu – Dulan to Golmud – Apply for your temporary driving Across the Qaidam Basin to Golmud license and visit Chengdu’s beautiful Panda Reserve Day9 Golmud to Tuotuohe – Day2 Up, up, up - Onto the Plateau and Chengdu to Maerkang – into the highlands of Qinghai Through the valleys to the Gyarong Tibetan region Day10 Tuotuohe to Naqu – Day3 Cross the famous Tanggula Pass on Maerkang to Ruoergai – your way to Tibet itself Towards the very north of Sichuan on the way to Gansu Day11 Naqu to Damxung – Day4 Visit one of Tibet’s holiest lakes, Ruoergai to Xiahe – Lake Nam-tso Your first and only stop in Gansu province Day12 Damxung to Lhasa – Day5 Complete your journey with Xiahe to Qinghai’s capital, Xining – a beautiful drive to your final On your way to Qinghai destination Day6 Day13 Xining – In and around Lhasa – Spend a day in and around Xining for Visit Potala Palace and explore the a bit of rest and visit the spectacular old city of Lhasa Ta’er Monastery Day14 Day7 Depart from Lhasa – Xining to Dulan – Lift must go on...Farewell Lhasa On the way to Golmud.. -
Herever Possible
Published by Department of Information and International Relations (DIIR) Central Tibetan Administration Dharamshala-176215 H.P. India Email: [email protected] www.tibet.net Copyright © DIIR 2018 First edition: October 2018 1000 copies ISBN-978-93-82205-12-8 Design & Layout: Kunga Phuntsok / DIIR Printed at New Delhi: Norbu Graphics CONTENTS Foreword------------------------------------------------------------------1 Chapter One: Burning Tibet: Self-immolation Protests in Tibet---------------------5 Chapter Two: The Historical Status of Tibet-------------------------------------------37 Chapter Three: Human Rights Situation in Tibet--------------------------------------69 Chapter Four: Cultural Genocide in Tibet--------------------------------------------107 Chapter Five: The Tibetan Plateau and its Deteriorating Environment---------135 Chapter Six: The True Nature of Economic Development in Tibet-------------159 Chapter Seven: China’s Urbanization in Tibet-----------------------------------------183 Chapter Eight: China’s Master Plan for Tibet: Rule by Reincarnation-------------197 Chapter Nine: Middle Way Approach: The Way Forward--------------------------225 FOREWORD For Tibetans, information is a precious commodity. Severe restric- tions on expression accompanied by a relentless disinformation campaign engenders facts, knowledge and truth to become priceless. This has long been the case with Tibet. At the time of the publication of this report, Tibet has been fully oc- cupied by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) for just five months shy of sixty years. As China has sought to develop Tibet in certain ways, largely economically and in Chinese regions, its obsessive re- strictions on the flow of information have only grown more intense. Meanwhile, the PRC has ready answers to fill the gaps created by its information constraints, whether on medieval history or current growth trends. These government versions of the facts are backed ever more fiercely as the nation’s economic and military power grows. -
High Peaks, Pure Earth
BOOK REVIEW HIGH PEAKS, PURE EARTH COLLECTED WRITINGS ON TIBETAN HISTORY AND CULTURE BY HUGH RICHARDSON A COMPILATION OF A SERIES OF PROGRAMS ON RADIO FREE ASIA TIBETAN SERVICE BY WARREN W. SMITH 1 HIGH PEAKS, PURE EARTH High Peaks, Pure Earth is the title of the collected works on Tibetan history and culture by Hugh Richardson, a British diplomat who became a historian of Tibet. He was British representative in Lhasa from 1936 to 1940 and again from 1946 to 1950, during which time he did many studies on ancient and modern Tibetan history. He wrote numerous articles on Tibetan history and culture, all of which have been published in this book of his collected writings. Hugh Richardson was born in Scotland, a part of Great Britain that bears some similarities to Tibet, both in its environment and in its politics. Scotland has long had a contentious relationship with England and was incorporated only by force into Great Britain. Richardson became a member of the British administration of India in 1932. He was a member of a 1936 British mission to Tibet. Richardson remained in Lhasa to become the first officer in charge of the British Mission in Lhasa. He was in Lhasa from 1936 to 1940, when the Second World War began. After the war he again represented the British Government in Lhasa from 1946 to 1947, when India became independent, after which he was the representative of the Government of India. He left Tibet only in September 1950, shortly before the Chinese invasion. Richardson lived in Tibet for a total of eight years. -
Rangeland Use Rights Privatisation Based on the Tragedy of the Commons: a Case Study from Tibet
[Downloaded free from http://www.conservationandsociety.org on Tuesday, February 27, 2018, IP: 138.246.2.57] Conservation and Society 15(3): 270-279, 2017 Article Rangeland Use Rights Privatisation Based on the Tragedy of the Commons: A Case Study from Tibet Yonten Nyima Yundannima Institute of Social Development and Western China Development Studies, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Rangeland use rights privatisation based on a tragedy of the commons assumption has been the backbone of state policy on rangeland management and pastoralism in China. Through an empirical case study from Pelgon county, Tibet Autonomous Region in China, this paper provides an empirical analysis of rangeland use rights privatisation. It shows that the tragedy of the commons is not the correct model to apply to Tibetan pastoralism because pasture use in Tibet has never been an open-access institution. Thus, when the tragedy of the commons model is applied as a rationale for rangeland use rights privatisation, the result is not what is intended by the policy, but rather a misfit to features of pastoralism and thus disruption of the essence of pastoralism, i.e. mobility and flexibility. The paper further shows that a hybrid institution combining household rangeland tenure with community-based use with user fees is a restoration of the pastoralist institution. This demonstrates the capacity of pastoralists to create adaptive new institutions congruent with the interdependent and integrated nature of pastoralism consisting of three components: pastoralists, livestock, and rangeland. Keywords: Rangeland use rights, tragedy of the commons, Tibet, Pelgon county, pastoralism, China INTRODUCTION without any regulation and that they are in fact practiced worldwide without resource degradation (Buck 1985; Feeny Biologist Garrett Hardin (1968, 1991) asserted that under et al. -
Feb 2018.Cdr
VOL. XXX No. 2 February 2018 Rs. 20.00 The Chinese Embassy in India held a symposium with The Chinese Embassy in India, ICCR and China some eminent people of India. Federation of Literary and Art Circles co-hosted Guangzhou Ballet Performance. Ambassador Luo Zhaohui met with a delegation from the Ambassador Luo Zhaohui met with students from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC. Experimental School of Capital Normal University. Minister and DCM Mr. Li Bijian participated in an activity Diplomats of Chinese Embassy attended the in Jindal Global University. International Food Festival in JNU. Celebrating Spring Festival 1. Entering the Year of the Dog 4 2. Old, New Customs to Celebrate China’s Spring Festival 7 3. China Focus: Traditional Spring Festival Holiday Picks up New Ways 10 of Spending 4. China Focus: Spring Festival Travel Mirrors China’s Changes Over 40 Years 13 5. China Holds Spring Festival Gala Tour for Overseas Chinese 15 6. 6.5 Mln. Chinese to Travel Overseas During Spring Festival Holiday 16 7. Time for Celebrating Chinese New Year 17 8. Indispensable Dishes that Served During China’s Spring Festival 19 9. Spring Festival: Time to Show Charm of Diversification with 56 Ethnic Groups 21 External Affairs 1. Xi Jinping Meets with UK Prime Minister Theresa May 23 2. Xi Jinping Meets with King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands 25 3. Working Together to Build a Better World 26 4. Li Keqiang and Prime Minister Theresa May of the UK Hold Annual 31 China-UK Prime Ministers’ Meeting 5. Li Keqiang Meets with Foreign Minister Taro Kono of Japan 33 6. -
Tibetan Nuns Debate for Dalai Lama
PO Box 6483, Ithaca, NY 14851 607-273-8519 WINTER 1996 Newsletter and Catalog Supplement Tibetan Nuns Debate for Dalai Lama NAMGYAL INSTITUTE by Thubten Chodron I began hearing rumors the At 4PM nuns, monks, and Enters New Phase morning of Sunday, October 8th laypeople gathered in the court- that nuns were going to debate in yard. The nuns were already debat- the courtyard in front of the main ing on one side, and their voices of Development temple in Dharamsala and that His and clapping hands, a mark of de- Holiness the Dalai Lama was to be bate as done in Tibetan Buddhism, Spring 1996 will mark the end Lama. The monks have received a • Obtain health insurance for the there to observe. There were many filled the place. Suddenly there was of the fourth full year of operation wide and popular reception Namgyal monks, none of whom nuns in McLeod Gam' at the time; a hush and the nuns who had been and the beginning of a new phase throughout the U.S. and Canada, currently have health insurance. the major nunneries in India and debating went onto the stage in the of development for the Institute of and there is an ever-growing circle • Fund a full-time paid adminis- Nepal were having their first ever "pavilion" where His Holiness' seat Buddhist Studies established by of students at the Institute in trator. Our two administrators inter-nunnery debate. The fact that was. His Holiness soon came out, Namgyal Monastery in North Ithaca, confirming the validity of have each put in forty hours per the best nun debaters had^athered the nuns prostrated and were America. -
Report on the State of the Environment in China 2016
2016 The 2016 Report on the State of the Environment in China is hereby announced in accordance with the Environmental Protection Law of the People ’s Republic of China. Minister of Ministry of Environmental Protection, the People’s Republic of China May 31, 2017 2016 Summary.................................................................................................1 Atmospheric Environment....................................................................7 Freshwater Environment....................................................................17 Marine Environment...........................................................................31 Land Environment...............................................................................35 Natural and Ecological Environment.................................................36 Acoustic Environment.........................................................................41 Radiation Environment.......................................................................43 Transport and Energy.........................................................................46 Climate and Natural Disasters............................................................48 Data Sources and Explanations for Assessment ...............................52 2016 On January 18, 2016, the seminar for the studying of the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee was opened in Party School of the CPC Central Committee, and it was oriented for leaders and cadres at provincial and ministerial -
Introduction the Tibetan Plateau May Seem Sparse, but It Is Overrun with the Lives, Adventures, and Influences of Innumerable Gods and Demons
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-71267-5 — Tibetan Demonology Christopher Bell Excerpt More Information Tibetan Demonology 1 Introduction The Tibetan plateau may seem sparse, but it is overrun with the lives, adventures, and influences of innumerable gods and demons. These beings play a significant role in shaping the religious history of Tibet and continue to have a strong presence in the daily practices and worship of Tibetans. Such entities are elicited in every facet of Tibetan cultural history. If a king is oppressing Buddhism, as in the case of Lang Darma in the ninth century, he is believed to be possessed by a demon, and thus must be subjugated (i.e., assassinated). Conversely, the Tibetan Buddhist kings were believed to be possessed by demons by practitioners of Bön, who were being persecuted in the seventh and eighth centuries. The Tibetan people believe themselves to be descended from gods and demons from various heavenly realms, as well as from emanations of the bodhisattvas Avalokites´vara and Ta¯ra¯.The Tibetan landscape is thought to be teeming with spirits, which is the explanation given for the plateau’s harsh environment. The very land is said to be a giant reclining demoness who was subjugated by temples constructed by the first Tibetan Buddhist king, Songtsen Gampo (557/617–650). A popular narrative trope in Tibetan ritual and mythic literature is of the eighth-century tantric master Padmasambhava exorcising and converting indigenous spirits of the land to Buddhism, often through destructive means. Tibetan medical texts describe the various demonic species that cause numerous kinds of ailments, and how to expel them in the process of healing. -
Films and Videos on Tibet
FILMS AND VIDEOS ON TIBET Last updated: 15 July 2012 This list is maintained by A. Tom Grunfeld ( [email protected] ). It was begun many years ago (in the early 1990s?) by Sonam Dargyay and others have contributed since. I welcome - and encourage - any contributions of ideas, suggestions for changes, corrections and, of course, additions. All the information I have available to me is on this list so please do not ask if I have any additional information because I don't. I have seen only a few of the films on this list and, therefore, cannot vouch for everything that is said about them. Whenever possible I have listed the source of the information. I will update this list as I receive additional information so checking it periodically would be prudent. This list has no copyright; I gladly share it with whomever wants to use it. I would appreciate, however, an acknowledgment when the list, or any part, of it is used. The following represents a resource list of films and videos on Tibet. For more information about acquiring these films, contact the distributors directly. Office of Tibet, 241 E. 32nd Street, New York, NY 10016 (212-213-5010) Wisdom Films (Wisdom Publications no longer sells these films. If anyone knows the address of the company that now sells these films, or how to get in touch with them, I would appreciate it if you could let me know. Many, but not all, of their films are sold by Meridian Trust.) Meridian Trust, 330 Harrow Road, London W9 2HP (01-289-5443)http://www.meridian-trust/.org Mystic Fire Videos, P.O.