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The Cow Belt of India’ Is a Very Instructive and Informative Book

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The Cow Belt of India’ Is a Very Instructive and Informative Book REDEMPTION PRESS © 2011 by Paul Pathickal. All rights reserved. 2nd Printing 2015. Published by Redemption Press, PO Box 427, Enumclaw, WA 98022. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without the prior permission of the copyright holder, except as provided by USA copyright law. Unless otherwise noted, all Scriptures are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. WWW.ZONDERVAN.COM Scripture references marked KJV are taken from the King James Version of the Bible. ISBN 13: 978-1-63232-164-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2009912154 1 Dedication In remembrance of my beloved grandparents, Mr. & Mrs. Pathickal Paily and Mr. & Mrs. Puthusserikudiyil Varkey, who were called from darkness to the marvelous light of His Son in their youth and who stood firmly for the Word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ in the midst of persecution and suffering and have gone on to glory, this book is dedicated for the glory of God and for the advancement of His Kingdom. APPRECIATION I ‘The Cross and the Cow Belt of India’ is a very instructive and informative book. The strong contrast between Hinduism and the claims of Christ is convincingly and emphatically pointed out by the author, who lived in the region of the Cow Belt for over 15 years. As a graduate student and then as a college lecturer at his alma mater he came into intimate contact with the young people of the Cow Belt. He knows the heart felt hopes and aspirations of the people of this region. In spite of the outward actions of idol worship and going through the motions to please their elders, they are hungering after truth and eternity. Evangelical Christians must show this new generation of young Hindus that Jesus Christ is the only answer to their hopes and aspirations for eternal life. When they come to realize that Jesus Christ as the all sufficient God, who came down from heaven to redeem mankind, not to kill a few wicked kings, but the wicked ruler of this world, they will accept him. This study should be a required reading for Bible College and Seminary students and all the others who are interested in witnessing to Hindus. The excellent bibliography given at the end is useful for scholarly research. —Rt. Rev. Oommen Samuel Retired Missionary Bishop, Reformed Episcopal Church, Lalitpur, U.P. India. APPRECIATION II The Cow Belt consists of most of the Hindi speaking areas of North India along with Odisha in the east, Gugarat and Maharashtra in the west and the northern parts of Andhra Pradesh, Telengana and Karnataka, in the south. This area is the birthplace of Hinduism as many of the incidents described in the ancient Hindu scriptures took place in this region. It is an area rich in history but long ruled by superstition, false idols, caste system and the pursuit of nirvana. Cow is considered a sacred animal and eating beef is prohibited. Cow dominates the economic, religious and political life of the people in this region. Evangelization of this region is very important to win the whole of India. A few Christians who live in this area are afraid to reveal their identity as persecution of Christians is prevalent. Yet in the midst of all these negative factors evangelical Christians must continue to preach the Gospel in word and deed to fulfill the Great Commission given by the risen Lord. The author insists that the Indian Church must overcome the negative factors created by history, geography, politics and caste divisions to spread the living Gospel. ”The indigenous principles self-support, self-government and self propagation seem to especially suitable for the Cow Belt”. Evangelical Christians must take advantage of the literary explosion taking place in India through newspapers, magazines, radio and television. What is significant about the book is that its author educates us with the details of Orthodox Hinduism and challenges us for the necessity of evangelizing the heart land of India. This scholarly work is an important resource for all those who take the Great Commission of the risen Lord seriously. This will be a useful tool for the missionaries, pastors, theological students and all those who are eager for doing mission. —Rev. Dr. Abraham Chacko Former Academic Dean, Jubilee Memorial Bible College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 1 Contents Appreciations .......................................vi Preface .............................................ix Introduction ........................................xi 1. The Cow Belt of India ..............................1 2. Religion of the Cow Belt: Orthodox Hinduism ..........15 3. Hindu Scripture: Not Yet Complete ..................25 4. Gods of the Cow Belt: Too Many ....................33 5. Moral Order: Karma and Rebirth ....................43 6. Social Order: The Caste System .....................55 7. Cow: The “Presiding Genius” of the Cow Belt ..........67 8. Liberation and Salvation: Three Paths to Freedom ........77 9. Evangelizing the Cow Belt: Linguistic, Historical, and Political Problems .................85 10. The Cross: Its Relevance ...........................99 11. Missionary Strategy ..............................109 12. Missionary Methods .............................125 13. Conclusion ....................................143 Selected Bibliography ...............................153 Glossary of Select Words in Hinduism ..................177 Endnotes .........................................183 Index ............................................195 1 Preface AM NOT a native of India’s Cow Belt. I come from a different I community and culture within the vast subcontinent of India. My community boasts of being Christian from the very beginning of Christianity, and I was burdened even from my adolescence that my own community was doing precious little to claim the subcontinent for Christ. Many other nations in Asia and Africa, and many tribes and ethnic groups within India, have come under the lordship of Christ. However, the Cow Belt, the heartland of India and the birthplace of the third most important religion in the world in terms of numerical strength, still marches to the tune of other gods and goddesses. Even though I am not a native of the Cow Belt, I have lived there for fifteen years. During that time, I have gained intimate knowledge of the customs, manners, and religion of the area. In my work as a college lecturer, I have had occasions to come into close contact with the young people of the region. I have had the good opportunity to defend my faith in the midst of a large community that consisted entirely of Hindus of different castes and sub-castes of the region. The following pages represent my effort to study the region to see why Christianity has not been able to penetrate it, and to ix The Cross and the Cow Belt of India wrestle with the problems that stand in the way of evangelizing it. I sincerely pray that this study will contribute to the task of evangelizing this important region of the world. I also sincerely hope that this study will challenge the evangelical Christians of India, especially my own community, to go out and claim the Cow Belt for Christ. I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to those who have helped in the preparation of this study. I am indebted to my grandparents and parents for inculcating in me the basics of the evangelical faith. I am grateful to the late Dr. Edmund Clowney, former President and Professor of Practical Theology at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the late Dr. Harvie M. Conn, Professor of Missions and Apologetics at Westminster Theological Seminary, for their valuable help and insights. I thank my wife, Mary, and my precious daughters, Lovely and Betsy, for their affection and love during the preparation of this manuscript. I am also indebted to my nephew, Bobby John, for his help in preparing the bibliography and endnotes, and for assisting me with many computer-related applications. Above all, I am grateful to “the only God our Savior……(To Him) be glory, majesty, power and authority, through Jesus Christ our Lord, before all ages, now and forevermore! Amen” (Jude 25). x 1 Introduction N INDIAN MAXIM says that whoever controls India’s Gangetic APlain controls the whole of India. The Gangetic Plain, the nerve center of India, is the riverbed region through which the Ganges River flows from the Himalaya Mountains eastward and eventually falls into the Bay of Bengal. This maxim results from centuries of observation. India’s history is one of foreign invasions, starting with the Aryans from central Asia four millennia ago and (hopefully) ending with the British domination from 1858 until 1947. India then achieved independence from Great Britain under the leadership of Mohandas Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma (great soul) Gandhi, using the weapons of ahimsa (nonviolence) and Satyagraha (search for truth). The application of these concepts, as practiced by Mahatma Gandhi and others who followed him (including Nelson Mandela of South Africa and Martin Luther King, Jr., of the United States), involves civil disobedience against a governmental authority until the legitimate demands are met. All of these invaders, from the Aryans to the British, tried to cap- ture the Gangetic Plain. Whoever succeeded in capturing this area could seize the whole of India without much trouble, while those who failed to capture this area were typically driven out. The last xi The Cross and the Cow Belt of India invaders, the British, were able to capture the Gangetic Plain and, consequently, the rest of India, but their religion—Christianity— failed to take hold in this region. Although Christianity made some impact in the south, in the east and, to some extent, in the west, it failed to penetrate into India’s heartland. For this reason, Christianity has been unable to make any appreciable impact in India as a whole.
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