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Scaling-Up Affordable Housing Supply in Brazil SCALING-UP AFFORDABLE HOUSING SUPPLY IN BRAZIL THE ‘MY HOUSE MY LIFE’ PROGRAMME Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida SCALING-UP AFFORDABLE HOUSING SUPPLY IN BRAZIL: THE ´MY HOUSE MY LIFE´ PROGRAMME Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2013 All rights reserved United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) P. O. Box 30030, 00100 Nairobi GPO KENYA Tel: 254-020-7623120 (Central Office) www.unhabitat.org HS Number: HS/013/13E ISBN Number(Series): 978-92-1-132033-6 ISBN Number:(Volume) 978-92-1-132551-5 DISCLAIMER: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions, recommendations and views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United Nations, or its Member States. Information contained in this publication is provided without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for particular purpose and non-infringement. UN-Habitat specifically does not make any warranties or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any such data. Under no circumstances shall UN-Habitat be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense incurred or suffered that is claimed to have resulted from the use of this publication, including, without limitation, any fault error, omission with respect thereto. The use of this publication is at the User’s sole risk. Under no circumstances, including, but not limited to negligence, shall UN-Habitat or its affiliates be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special or consequential damages, even if UN-Habitat has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: UN-Habitat would like to express its appreciation to the Institute of Architects of Brazil IAB-RJ for important support in the organization and execution of the Workshop ‘Minha Casa Minha Vida’ and UN-Habitat’s Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean for all the valuable support and contribution during the making of this publication. A special thanks goes to Adriana Larangeira for the substantive guidance provided during the field trips and conceptualization of the report. We acknowledge the contribution of all who participated in the consultative workshop held in Rio de Janeiro, at the IAB headquarters, in March 2012, namely: Adriana Vial, Alban Drouet, Alberto Lopes, Ângela M. Gabriella Rossi, Antônio A. Veríssimo, Claudia, Ferreira, Claudia Maria Omegna Rocha Ferreira, Claudia Teresa Pereira Pires, Cristina Bareto, Daniela Janoski, Demetre Anastassakis, Donizete Fernandes, Eliana Junqueira de Andrade, Eric Vittrup, Fabio Pereira, Fernando Patiño, Gerônimo Leitão, Grazia de Grazia, Isabela D. Gonzales, Jorge Luiz M. Garios, Junia Santa Rosa, Lucinete Mullers, Luis Fernando Valverde Salandía, Márcia Wajsenzon, Marcio Tomassini, Maria do Carmo Avesani, María Ibarra Ciordia, Maria Lucia Pelly, Maria Virginia Casasfranco, Pablo Benetti, Pedro da Luz Moreira, Pedro Ribeiro Guglielmi, Rafaela da Silva Cassiano, Ricardo de Gouveia Corrêa, Sandra Kokudai, Sergio Corrêa Ribeiro, Sérgio Magalhães, Solange Carvalho, Tereza Herling, Vânia Maria Maciel, Vânia Regina Amorim da Silva, Waldimir d’Ortega, Wilder Ferrer. Special thanks to the National Housing Secretariat and the Department of Technical Cooperation in the Ministry of Cities, particularly Inês Magalhães and Junia Santa Rosa for making available all the information and databank of the programme. Thanks to the reviewers: Alexandre Apsan Frediani, Graham Tipple, Adriana Larangeira. The following people contributed with inputs during interviews: Alexandre Apsan Frediani, Demetre Anastassakis, Elisabete França, Fernanda Magalhães, Gizelle Jacomini, Hisae Gunji, Inês Magalhães, Ivoneide Veríssimo, Jorge Bittar, Junia Santa Rosa, Luciana Teixeira, Maria Teresa Diniz, Regina Marconi, Ricardo Gouveia, Rodrigo Deusdará, Rodrigo Milan, Sandra Kokudai, Vanessa Padiá. In the field visits to MCMV projects the following residents participated in the focal groups: PAR Mangueira Focal Group: Alice Bezerra dos Santos, Ana Cláudia da Silva Rodrigues, Carla Souza do Nascimento, Edilson Galdino, Fátima Regina de Brito, Maria Fialho, Maria Rosa Gonçalves Marques, Oswaldina dos Santos Cabral, Pâmela M. S. Jesus, Severina Francisca da Silva, Solange dos Santos, Miriam Costa da Silva Cerqueira (social worker – SMH). Taroni Development (Senador Camará) Focal Group: Alexssandra Carvalho de Oliveira, Andrea Delgado da Silva Simões, Denise Evangelista do Sacramento, Elza Ribeiro, Fernanda de Almeida Gomes, Jucilene Francisca da S. Bento, Regina Célia de Moura, Alessandra Campos (social worker – SMH), Cleuzinice Santos Silva (community agent – SMH). Management: Mohamed El Sioufi Supervisors: Claudio Acioly jr. and Christophe Lalande Task Manager: Matthew French Principal Authors: Fernanda Lonardoni, in cooperation with Claudio Acioly jr. and Matthew French Editor: Olubusiyi Sarr Design and Layout: Emma-Liisa Hannula Cover design: Emma-Liisa Hannula Printing: UNON, Publishing Services Section, Nairobi, ISO 14001:2004-certified. SCALING-UP AFFORDABLE HOUSING SUPPLY IN BRAZIL THE ‘MY HOUSE MY LIFE’ PROGRAMME Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1: THE BRAZILIAN HOUSING SECTOR ................................................................................... 5 1.1 Introduction to Brazil ............................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Brief history of housing in Brazil ............................................................................................. 13 1.3 Current state of the housing sector ...................................................................................... 14 1.3.1 Political and administrative organization ..................................................................... 14 1.3.2 Legal and institutional achievements of the housing sector ....................................... 16 1.3.3 Key players in the housing sector .............................................................................. 18 1.3.4 Housing finance system ............................................................................................ 18 1.3.5 Housing tenure and housing stock ........................................................................... 21 1.3.6 Housing deficit and demand ..................................................................................... 22 1.3.7 Urban infrastructure and basic urban services ............................................................ 23 1.3.8 Construction industry and building materials ............................................................. 23 1.3.9 Cross-cutting issues .................................................................................................. 26 1.3.10 Recent national approaches to low-income housing .................................................. 28 CHAPTER 2: THE MY HOUSE MY LIFE PROGRAMME ........................................................................... 31 2.1 Overview, origins and design of the programme .................................................................... 32 2.2 Programme design ............................................................................................................... 33 2.2.1 Institutional framework ............................................................................................. 34 2.2.2 Legal framework ....................................................................................................... 36 2.2.3 Overview of housing modalities ................................................................................ 37 2.2.4 Programme finance ................................................................................................... 39 2.2.5 Land Supply .............................................................................................................. 40 2.2.6 Infrastructure provision ............................................................................................. 41 2.2.7 General aspects of project implementation ................................................................ 42 2.2.8 Post occupation and monitoring ............................................................................... 44 2.3 Housing modalities and development processes ................................................................... 44 2.3.1 Urban National Housing Programme - PNHU ............................................................. 51 2.3.2 Rural Housing National Programme - PNHR ............................................................... 51 2.4 Examples of project implementation ...................................................................................... 72 CHAPTER 3: THE PROGRAMME IN ACTION ......................................................................................... 75 3.1 General aspects of implementation
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