Dosing and Administration Guide for KENGREAL® (Cangrelor)
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Cangrelor Ameliorates CLP-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Sepsis By
Luo et al. Eur J Med Res (2021) 26:70 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00536-4 European Journal of Medical Research RESEARCH Open Access Cangrelor ameliorates CLP-induced pulmonary injury in sepsis by inhibiting GPR17 Qiancheng Luo1†, Rui Liu2†, Kaili Qu3, Guorong Liu1, Min Hang1, Guo Chen1, Lei Xu1, Qinqin Jin1 , Dongfeng Guo1* and Qi Kang1* Abstract Background: Sepsis is a common complication of severe wound injury and infection, with a very high mortality rate. The P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, cangrelor, is an antagonist anti-platelet drug. Methods: In our study, we investigated the protective mechanisms of cangrelor in CLP-induced pulmonary injury in sepsis, using C57BL/6 mouse models. Results: TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) and Masson staining showed that apoptosis and fbrosis in lungs were alleviated by cangrelor treatment. Cangrelor signifcantly promoted surface expression of CD40L on platelets and inhibited CLP-induced neutrophils in Bronchoalveolar lavage fuid (BALF) (p < 0.001). We also found that cangrelor decreased the infammatory response in the CLP mouse model and inhibited the expression of infamma- tory cytokines, IL-1β (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.05), and TNF-α (p < 0.001). Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that cangre- lor inhibited the increased levels of G-protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) induced by CLP (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicated that cangrelor repressed the levels of GPR17, followed by a decrease in the infam- matory response and a rise of neutrophils in BALF, potentially reversing CLP-mediated pulmonary injury during sepsis. Keywords: Sepsis, Infammation, Cangrelor, Platelet, GPR17 Background Te lung is one of the initial target organ of the systemic Sepsis is a serious disease and will lead a high mortal- infammatory response caused by sepsis, leading to alve- ity rate of approximately 22% in all over the world [1]. -
Kengrexal, INN-Cangrelor Tetrasodium
ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Kengrexal 50 mg powder for concentrate for solution for injection/infusion 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each vial contains cangrelor tetrasodium corresponding to 50 mg cangrelor. After reconstitution 1 mL of concentrate contains 10 mg cangrelor. After dilution 1 mL of solution contains 200 micrograms cangrelor. Excipient with known effect Each vial contains 52.2 mg sorbitol. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Powder for concentrate for solution for injection/infusion. White to off-white lyophilised powder. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Kengrexal, co-administered with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in adult patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) who have not received an oral P2Y12 inhibitor prior to the PCI procedure and in whom oral therapy with P2Y12 inhibitors is not feasible or desirable. 4.2 Posology and method of administration Kengrexal should be administered by a physician experienced in either acute coronary care or in coronary intervention procedures and is intended for specialised use in an acute and hospital setting. Posology The recommended dose of Kengrexal for patients undergoing PCI is a 30 micrograms/kg intravenous bolus followed immediately by 4 micrograms/kg/min intravenous infusion. The bolus and infusion should be initiated prior to the procedure and continued for at least two hours or for the duration of the procedure, whichever is longer. At the discretion of the physician, the infusion may be continued for a total duration of four hours, see section 5.1. -
P2 Receptors in Cardiovascular Regulation and Disease
Purinergic Signalling (2008) 4:1–20 DOI 10.1007/s11302-007-9078-7 REVIEW P2 receptors in cardiovascular regulation and disease David Erlinge & Geoffrey Burnstock Received: 3 May 2007 /Accepted: 22 August 2007 /Published online: 21 September 2007 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract The role of ATP as an extracellular signalling Introduction molecule is now well established and evidence is accumulating that ATP and other nucleotides (ADP, UTP and UDP) play Ever since the first proposition of cell surface receptors for important roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysi- nucleotides [1, 2], it has become increasingly clear that, in ology, acting via P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein- addition to functioning as an intracellular energy source, the coupled) receptors. In this article we consider the dual role of purines and pyrimidines ATP, adenosine diphosphate ATP in regulation of vascular tone, released as a cotransmitter (ADP), uridine triphosphate (UTP) and uridine diphosphate from sympathetic nerves or released in the vascular lumen in (UDP) can serve as important extracellular signalling response to changes in blood flow and hypoxia. Further, molecules [3, 4] acting on 13 P2X homo- and heteromul- purinergic long-term trophic and inflammatory signalling is timer ionotropic and 8 P2Y metabotropic receptor subtypes described in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and [5, 6] (Table 1). To terminate signalling, ectonucleotidases death in angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, restenosis and are present in the circulation and on cell surfaces, rapidly atherosclerosis. The effects on haemostasis and cardiac degrading extracellular ATP into ADP, AMP and adenosine regulation is reviewed. The involvement of ATP in vascular [7, 8]. -
A Comparative Study of Molecular Structure, Pka, Lipophilicity, Solubility, Absorption and Polar Surface Area of Some Antiplatelet Drugs
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article A Comparative Study of Molecular Structure, pKa, Lipophilicity, Solubility, Absorption and Polar Surface Area of Some Antiplatelet Drugs Milan Remko 1,*, Anna Remková 2 and Ria Broer 3 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, SK–833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia; [email protected] 3 Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +421-2-5011-7291 Academic Editor: Michael Henein Received: 18 February 2016; Accepted: 11 March 2016; Published: 19 March 2016 Abstract: Theoretical chemistry methods have been used to study the molecular properties of antiplatelet agents (ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, elinogrel, ticagrelor and cangrelor) and several thiol-containing active metabolites. The geometries and energies of most stable conformers of these drugs have been computed at the Becke3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of density functional theory. Computed dissociation constants show that the active metabolites of prodrugs (ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel) and drugs elinogrel and cangrelor are completely ionized at pH 7.4. Both ticagrelor and its active metabolite are present at pH = 7.4 in neutral undissociated form. The thienopyridine prodrugs ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel are lipophilic and insoluble in water. Their lipophilicity is very high (about 2.5–3.5 logP values). The polar surface area, with regard to the structurally-heterogeneous character of these antiplatelet drugs, is from very large interval of values of 3–255 Å2. -
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia – Adult – Inpatient– Clinical Practice Guideline
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia – Adult – Inpatient– Clinical Practice Guideline Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 2 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................... 6 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 6 DEFINITIONS (OPTIONAL): ..................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 7 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 7 BENEFITS/HARMS OF IMPLEMENTATION ...........................................................................17 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND TOOLS ........................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................17 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................17 Note: Active Table of Contents Click to follow link CPG Contact for Changes: CPG Contact for Content: Name: Philip J Trapskin, PharmD,BCPS Name: Anne E. Rose, PharmD Phone Number: 263-1328 Phone Number: -
Expression of Dual Nucleotidescysteinylleukotrienes
J. Cell. Mol. Med. Vol 18, No 9, 2014 pp. 1785-1796 Expression of dual Nucleotides/Cysteinyl-Leukotrienes Receptor GPR17 in early trafficking of cardiac stromal cells after myocardial infarction Simona Cosentino a, #, Laura Castiglioni b, #, Francesca Colazzo a, #, Elena Nobili a, Elena Tremoli b, Patrizia Rosa c, Maria P. Abbracchio b, #, Luigi Sironi b, #, Maurizio Pesce d, #, * a Laboratorio di Biologia e Biochimica dell’Aterotrombosi, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy b Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita di Milano, Milan, Italy c Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale (BIOMETRA), Istituto di Neuroscienze, Milan, Italy d Laboratorio di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy Received: November 8, 2013; Accepted: March 25, 2014 Abstract GPR17 is a Gi-coupled dual receptor activated by uracil-nucleotides and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. These mediators are massively released into hypoxic tissues. In the normal heart, GPR17 expression has been reported. By contrast, its role in myocardial ischaemia has not yet been assessed. In the present report, the expression of GPR17 was investigated in mice before and at early stages after myocardial infarction by using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Before induction of ischaemia, results indicated the presence of the receptor in a pop- ulation of stromal cells expressing the stem-cell antigen-1 (Sca-1). At early stages after ligation of the coronary artery, the receptor was expressed in Sca-1+ cells, and cells stained with Isolectin-B4 and anti-CD45 antibody. GPR17+ cells also expressed mesenchymal marker CD44. GPR17 function was investigated in vitro in a Sca-1+/CD31À cell line derived from normal hearts. -
Anticoagulation Dosing Guideline for Adult COVID-19 Patients
Anticoagulation Dosing Guideline for Adult COVID-19 Patients Enoxaparin is the preferred first line anticoagulant for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The incidence of HIT with enoxaparin is less than 1%. VTE Prophylaxis: VTE prophylaxis will be considered for COVID-19 patients who are low risk. Low risk COVID-19 patient 1. Not receiving mechanical ventilation 2. D-Dimer < 6 mg/L 3. ESRD on iHD without clotting Kidney Function BMI (kg/m2) Dosing of Enoxaparin Concern for HIT or LMWH Failure CrCL ≥ 30 mL/min 18.5-39.9 30mg SUBQ Q12H Consult Hematology 40-49.9 40mg SUBQ Q12H ≥ 50 60mg SUBQ Q12H CrCL < 30 mL/min 18.5-39.9 30mg SUBQ Q24H Consult Hematology OR ≥ 40 40mg SUBQ Q24H ESRD/AKI on RRT Special Population: < 18.5 (or weight < 50kg) Heparin 2500 SUBQ Q8H Consult Hematology *Contraindications: Platelets < 25 K/uL or Fibrinogen < 50 mg/dL or active bleeding Therapeutic anticoagulation Therapeutic anticoagulation will be considered for COVID-19 patients who are considered high risk or diagnosed with an acute VTE. High risk COVID-19 patient (for all hospitalized patients): Receiving mechanical ventilation AND D-dimer > 6 mg/L OR Acute kidney injury (Scr increase 0.3 mg/dL above baseline) +/- CVVHD/AVVHD/SLED or IHD with clotting Anti-Xa level goals for enoxaparin therapy (when indicated): 1. Therapeutic peak LMWH level (Drawn 4 hours after 3rd dose): 0.6-1 anti-Xa units/mL 2. Therapeutic trough LMWH level (Drawn 1 hour prior to 3rd dose): < 0.5 anti-Xa units/mL Kidney Function BMI Dosing of Enoxaparin Concern for HIT or (kg/m2) LMWH -
Transition of Anticoagulants 2019
Transition of Anticoagulants 2019 Van Hellerslia, PharmD, BCPS, CACP, Brand Generic Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Angiomax bivalirudin Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA Arixtra fondaparinux Bevyxxa betrixaban Pallav Mehta, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Coumadin warfarin Division of Hematology/Oncology, Eliquis apixaban MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ Fragmin dalteparin Lovenox enoxaparin Reviewer: Kelly Rudd, PharmD, BCPS, CACP, Pradaxa dabigatran Clinical Specialist, Anticoagulation, Bassett Medical Center, Savaysa edoxaban Cooperstown, NY Xarelto rivaroxaban From To Action Apixaban Argatroban/ Wait 12 hours after last dose of apixaban to initiate parenteral anticoagulant. In cases of Bivalirudin/ high bleeding risk, consider omitting initial bolus when transitioning to heparin infusion. Enoxaparin/ Dalteparin/ Fondaparinux/ Heparin Apixaban Warfarin When going from apixaban to warfarin, consider the use of parenteral anticoagulation as a bridge (eg, start heparin infusion or therapeutic enoxaparin AND warfarin 12 hours after last dose of apixaban and discontinue parenteral anticoagulant when INR is therapeutic). Apixaban affects INR so that initial INR measurements during the transition may not be useful for determining the appropriate dose of warfarin. Apixaban Betrixaban, Wait 12 hours from last dose of apixaban to initiate betrixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, or Dabigatran, rivaroxaban. Edoxaban, or Rivaroxaban Argatroban Apixaban, Start apixaban, betrixaban, dabigatran, -
Legemiddelforbruket I Norge 2012–2016 Drug Consumption in Norway 2012–2016
2017:1 LEGEMIDDELSTATISTIKK EVT STIKKTITTEL INN HER Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 2012–2016 Drug Consumption in Norway 2012–2016 ISSN 1890-9647 Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 2012–2016 Drug Consumption in Norway 2012–2016 Solveig Sakshaug Hanne Strøm Christian Berg Hege Salvesen Blix Irene Litleskare Tove Granum Utgitt av Folkehelseinstituttet / Published by Norwegian Institute of Public Health Området for Psykisk og fysisk helse Avdeling for Legemiddelepidemiologi Mars 2017 Tittel/Title: Legemiddelstatistikk 2017:1 Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 2012-2016/Drug Consumption in Norway 2012-2016 Forfattere/Authors: Solveig Sakshaug (redaktør) Hanne Strøm Christian Berg Hege Salvesen Blix Irene Litleskare Tove Granum Bestilling/Order: Rapporten kan lastes ned som pdf på Folkehelseinstituttets nettsider: www.fhi.no/ The report is available as pdf format only and can be downloaded from the www.fhi.no Layout omslag: www.fetetyper.no Kontaktinformasjon/Contact information Folkehelseinstituttet/Norwegian Institute of Public Health P.O.Box 4404 Nydalen N-0403 Oslo Tel: +47 21 07 70 00 ISSN: 1890-9647 ISBN 978-82-8082-826-2 elektronisk utgave Sitering/Citation: Sakshaug, S (red), Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 2012-2016 [Drug Consumption in Norway 2012-2016], Legemiddelstatistikk 2017:1, Oslo: Folkehelseinstituttet, 2017. Tidligere utgaver/Previous editions: 1977: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1974 - 1976 1978: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1975 - 1977 1980: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1975 - 1979 1981: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1980 1982: Legemiddelforbruket -
Antithrombotic Agents in the Management of Sepsis
Antithrombotic Agents in the Management of Sepsis !"#$ Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois-60153, USA ABSTRACT Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory syndrome, is a response to infection and when associated with mul- tiple organ dysfunction is termed, severe sepsis. It remains a leading cause of mortality in the critically ill. The response to the invading bacteria may be considered as a balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory reaction. While an inadequate proinflammatory reaction and a strong antiinflammatory response could lead to overwhelming infection and death of the patient, a strong and uncontrolled pro- inflammatory response, manifested by the release of proinflammatory mediators may lead to microvas- cular thrombosis and multiple organ failure. Endotoxin triggers sepsis by releasing various mediators inc- luding tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1(IL-1). These cytokines activate the complement and coagulation systems, release adhesion molecules, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, reactive oxygen speci- es and nitric oxide (NO). Other mediators involved in the sepsis syndrome include IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8; arachidonic acid metabolites; platelet activating factor (PAF); histamine; bradykinin; angiotensin; comp- lement components and vasoactive intestinal peptide. These proinflammatory responses are counterac- ted by IL-10. Most of the trials targeting the different mediators of proinflammatory response have failed due a lack of correct definition of sepsis. Understanding the exact pathophysiology of the disease will enable better treatment options. Targeting the coagulation system with various anticoagulant agents inc- luding antithrombin, activated protein C (APC), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a rational appro- ach. Many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate these agents in severe sepsis. -
Legemiddelforbruket I Norge 2014–2018 Drug Consumption in Norway 2014–2018
LEGEMIDDELSTATISTIKK 2019:1 Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 2014–2018 Drug Consumption in Norway 2014–2018 Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 2014–2018 Drug Consumption in Norway 2014–2018 Solveig Sakshaug Kristine Olsen Christian Berg Hege Salvesen Blix Live Storehagen Dansie Irene Litleskare Tove Granum Utgitt av Folkehelseinstituttet/Published by Norwegian Institute of Public Health Område for Helsedata og digitalisering Avdeling for Legemiddelstatistikk Mai 2019 Tittel/Title: Legemiddelstatistikk 2019:1 Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 2014–2018/Drug Consumption in Norway 2014–2018 Forfattere/Authors: Solveig Sakshaug (redaktør) Kristine Olsen Christian Berg Hege Salvesen Blix Live Storehagen Dansie Irene Litleskare Tove Granum Bestilling: Rapporten kan lastes ned som pdf på Folkehelseinstituttets nettsider: www.fhi.no The report is only available as pdf from www.fhi.no Grafisk design omslag: Fete Typer Kontaktinformasjon/Contact information: Folkehelseinstituttet/Norwegian Institute of Public Health P.O.Box 222 Skøyen N-0213 Oslo Tel: +47 21 07 70 00 ISSN:1890-9647 ISBN elektronisk utgave: 978-82-8406-011-8 Sitering/Citation: Sakshaug, S (red), Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 2014–2018 [Drug Consumption in Norway 2014–2018], Legemiddelstatistikk 2019:1, Oslo: Folkehelseinstituttet, 2019. Tidligere utgaver/Previous editions: 1977: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1974–1976 1978: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1975–1977 1980: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1975–1979 1981: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1980 1982: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1977–1981 1984: Legemiddelforbruket -
Practical Guidance for the Evaluation and Management of Drug Hypersensitivity: Specific Drugs
Specific Drugs Practical Guidance for the Evaluation and Management of Drug Hypersensitivity: Specific Drugs Chief Editors: Ana Dioun Broyles, MD, Aleena Banerji, MD, and Mariana Castells, MD, PhD Ana Dioun Broyles, MDa, Aleena Banerji, MDb, Sara Barmettler, MDc, Catherine M. Biggs, MDd, Kimberly Blumenthal, MDe, Patrick J. Brennan, MD, PhDf, Rebecca G. Breslow, MDg, Knut Brockow, MDh, Kathleen M. Buchheit, MDi, Katherine N. Cahill, MDj, Josefina Cernadas, MD, iPhDk, Anca Mirela Chiriac, MDl, Elena Crestani, MD, MSm, Pascal Demoly, MD, PhDn, Pascale Dewachter, MD, PhDo, Meredith Dilley, MDp, Jocelyn R. Farmer, MD, PhDq, Dinah Foer, MDr, Ari J. Fried, MDs, Sarah L. Garon, MDt, Matthew P. Giannetti, MDu, David L. Hepner, MD, MPHv, David I. Hong, MDw, Joyce T. Hsu, MDx, Parul H. Kothari, MDy, Timothy Kyin, MDz, Timothy Lax, MDaa, Min Jung Lee, MDbb, Kathleen Lee-Sarwar, MD, MScc, Anne Liu, MDdd, Stephanie Logsdon, MDee, Margee Louisias, MD, MPHff, Andrew MacGinnitie, MD, PhDgg, Michelle Maciag, MDhh, Samantha Minnicozzi, MDii, Allison E. Norton, MDjj, Iris M. Otani, MDkk, Miguel Park, MDll, Sarita Patil, MDmm, Elizabeth J. Phillips, MDnn, Matthieu Picard, MDoo, Craig D. Platt, MD, PhDpp, Rima Rachid, MDqq, Tito Rodriguez, MDrr, Antonino Romano, MDss, Cosby A. Stone, Jr., MD, MPHtt, Maria Jose Torres, MD, PhDuu, Miriam Verdú,MDvv, Alberta L. Wang, MDww, Paige Wickner, MDxx, Anna R. Wolfson, MDyy, Johnson T. Wong, MDzz, Christina Yee, MD, PhDaaa, Joseph Zhou, MD, PhDbbb, and Mariana Castells, MD, PhDccc Boston, Mass; Vancouver and Montreal,