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A First Comparison of Pronominal and Demonstrative Systems in the Cariban Language Family*
A FIRST COMPARISON OF PRONOMINAL AND DEMONSTRATIVE SYSTEMS IN THE CARIBAN LANGUAGE FAMILY* Sérgio Meira Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 1. Introduction The Cariban language family is composed of approximately 25 languages (numbers ranging from 20 to 50, depending on different researchers’ opinions about which varieties are dialects and which are independent languages), spoken by approximately 100,000 people in lowland South America, from south-eastern Colombia (where Karihona is spoken) to the Oiapoque river in Brazil (Karinya), from the coast of the Guianas (Karinya) down to the southern Xingu area in central Brazil (Bakairí). The field of comparative Cariban studies was initiated more than two hundred years ago, when the relationship between a number of Cariban languages was first noticed by Filippo Salvadore Gilij (1782). Unfortunately, the historical-comparative method has been only very rarely applied to Cariban languages, for two main reasons: (1) most of the languages are, to this day, poorly known, which means that there is very little reliable material to compare; (2) most people who compared Cariban languages were not trained comparativists. Girard (1971) remains the only methodical attempt at reconstructing Proto-Cariban lexical items and proposing a classification (unfortunately based on a still very poor data base). In the area of morphosyntax, Gildea (1998) presents the first reconstruction of the person-marking http://www.etnolinguistica.org/illa and tense-aspect-mood (TAM) systems of Proto-Cariban and their syntactic properties. This file is freely available for download at The present work attempts to contribute to the development of historical studies in the Cariban family by presenting a first preliminary reconstruction of the pronominal system of Proto-Cariban (including non-third-person and third-person, i.e. -
ALEMANA GERMAN, ALEMÁN, ALLEMAND Language
ALEMANA GERMAN, ALEMÁN, ALLEMAND Language family: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German. Language codes: ISO 639-1 de ISO 639-2 ger (ISO 639-2/B) deu (ISO 639-2/T) ISO 639-3 Variously: deu – Standard German gmh – Middle High german goh – Old High German gct – Aleman Coloniero bar – Austro-Bavarian cim – Cimbrian geh – Hutterite German kksh – Kölsch nds – Low German sli – Lower Silesian ltz – Luxembourgish vmf – Main-Franconian mhn – Mócheno pfl – Palatinate German pdc – Pennsylvania German pdt – Plautdietsch swg – Swabian German gsw – Swiss German uln – Unserdeutssch sxu – Upper Saxon wae – Walser German wep – Westphalian Glotolog: high1287. Linguasphere: [show] Beste izen batzuk (autoglotonimoa: Deutsch). deutsch alt german, standard [GER]. german, standard [GER] hizk. Alemania; baita AEB, Arabiar Emirerri Batuak, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgika, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brasil, Danimarka, Ekuador, Errumania, Errusia (Europa), Eslovakia, Eslovenia, Estonia, Filipinak, Finlandia, Frantzia, Hegoafrika, Hungaria, Italia, Kanada, Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan, Liechtenstein, Luxenburgo, Moldavia, Namibia, Paraguai, Polonia, Puerto Rico, Suitza, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Txekiar Errepublika, Txile, Ukraina eta Uruguain ere. Dialektoa: erzgebirgisch. Hizkuntza eskualde erlazionatuenak dira Bavarian, Schwäbisch, Allemannisch, Mainfränkisch, Hessisch, Palatinian, Rheinfränkisch, Westfälisch, Saxonian, Thuringian, Brandenburgisch eta Low saxon. Aldaera asko ez dira ulerkorrak beren artean. high -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Agavotaguerra in Brazil Aikana, Tubarao in Brazil Population: 100 Population: 300 World Popl: 100 World Popl: 300 Total Countries: 1 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Amazon People Cluster: South American Indigenous Main Language: Portuguese Main Language: Aikana Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Minimally Reached Status: Significantly reached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: 25.0% Chr Adherents: 35.00% Chr Adherents: 50.0% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Portions www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Anonymous "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Ajuru in Brazil Akuntsu in Brazil Population: 300 Population: Unknown World Popl: 300 World Popl: Unknown Total Countries: 1 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: South American Indigenous People Cluster: Amazon Main Language: Portuguese Main Language: Language unknown Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Unreached Status: Minimally Reached Evangelicals: 0.00% Evangelicals: 0.10% Chr Adherents: 5.00% Chr Adherents: 20.00% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Unspecified www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Amanaye in Brazil Amawaka in Brazil Population: 100 Population: 200 World Popl: 100 World Popl: 600 Total Countries: -
Prioritizing African Languages: Challenges to Macro-Level Planning for Resourcing and Capacity Building
Prioritizing African Languages: Challenges to macro-level planning for resourcing and capacity building Tristan M. Purvis Christopher R. Green Gregory K. Iverson University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language Abstract This paper addresses key considerations and challenges involved in the process of prioritizing languages in an area of high linguistic di- versity like Africa alongside other world regions. The paper identifies general considerations that must be taken into account in this process and reviews the placement of African languages on priority lists over the years and across different agencies and organizations. An outline of factors is presented that is used when organizing resources and planning research on African languages that categorizes major or crit- ical languages within a framework that allows for broad coverage of the full linguistic diversity of the continent. Keywords: language prioritization, African languages, capacity building, language diversity, language documentation When building language capacity on an individual or localized level, the question of which languages matter most is relatively less complicated than it is for those planning and providing for language capabilities at the macro level. An American anthropology student working with Sierra Leonean refugees in Forecariah, Guinea, for ex- ample, will likely know how to address and balance needs for lan- guage skills in French, Susu, Krio, and a set of other languages such as Temne and Mandinka. An education official or activist in Mwanza, Tanzania, will be concerned primarily with English, Swahili, and Su- kuma. An administrator of a grant program for Less Commonly Taught Languages, or LCTLs, or a newly appointed language authori- ty for the United States Department of Education, Department of Commerce, or U.S. -
Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas
Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas edited by Andrea L. Berez, Jean Mulder, and Daisy Rosenblum Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 2 Published as a sPecial Publication of language documentation & conservation language documentation & conservation Department of Linguistics, UHM Moore Hall 569 1890 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822 USA http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc university of hawai‘i Press 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822-1888 USA © All texts and images are copyright to the respective authors. 2010 All chapters are licensed under Creative Commons Licenses Cover design by Cameron Chrichton Cover photograph of salmon drying racks near Lime Village, Alaska, by Andrea L. Berez Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data ISBN 978-0-8248-3530-9 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4463 Contents Foreword iii Marianne Mithun Contributors v Acknowledgments viii 1. Introduction: The Boasian tradition and contemporary practice 1 in linguistic fieldwork in the Americas Daisy Rosenblum and Andrea L. Berez 2. Sociopragmatic influences on the development and use of the 9 discourse marker vet in Ixil Maya Jule Gómez de García, Melissa Axelrod, and María Luz García 3. Classifying clitics in Sm’algyax: 33 Approaching theory from the field Jean Mulder and Holly Sellers 4. Noun class and number in Kiowa-Tanoan: Comparative-historical 57 research and respecting speakers’ rights in fieldwork Logan Sutton 5. The story of *o in the Cariban family 91 Spike Gildea, B.J. Hoff, and Sérgio Meira 6. Multiple functions, multiple techniques: 125 The role of methodology in a study of Zapotec determiners Donna Fenton 7. -
Final Report on Speech/Audio Descriptors Programme Blanc International II- 2011 Edition
Projet ANR- 11-IS02-001 MEX-CULTURE/ Multimedia libraries indexing for the preservation and dissemination of the Mexican Culture Deliverable Final report on Speech/Audio descriptors Programme Blanc International II- 2011 Edition A IDENTIFICATION .............................................................. 2 B INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 3 C PROPOSED METHODS FOR DESCRIPTION OF SPEECH/AUDIO ENCODED CONTENT ...................................................................... 3 C.1 Speech/music detection system ............................................... 3 C.1.1 The training Database ............................................................ 3 C.1.2 Testing ................................................................................. 4 C.1.3 Evaluation ............................................................................ 4 C.2 Audio segmentation method .................................................... 4 C.2.1 Root mean square ans Zero-Crossing ....................................... 5 C.2.2 Audio segmentation ............................................................... 5 C.2.3 Classification of segments ....................................................... 5 C.3 Identification of five clases Mexican sonorous content based on Fonoteca Nacional México classification ................................ 6 C.3.1 Sonoruos Database of Fonoteca Nacional México ....................... 7 C.3.2 Match evaluation .................................................................. -
The Case of Nominal Plural Marking in Zamboanga Chabacano
Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 19 Documentation and Maintenance of Contact Languages from South Asia to East Asia ed. by Mário Pinharanda-Nunes & Hugo C. Cardoso, pp.141–173 http:/nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/sp19 4 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24908 Documenting online writing practices: The case of nominal plural marking in Zamboanga Chabacano Eduardo Tobar Delgado Universidade de Vigo Abstract The emergence of computer-mediated communication has brought about new opportunities for both speakers and researchers of minority or under-described languages. This paper shows how the analysis of spontaneous contemporary language samples from online social networks can make a contribution to the documentation and description of languages like Chabacano, a Spanish-derived creole spoken in the Philippines. More specifically, we focus on nominal plural marking in the Zamboangueño variety, a still imperfectly understood feature, by examining a corpus composed of texts from online sources. The attested combination of innovative and vestigial features requires a close look at the high contact environment, different levels of metalinguistic awareness or even some language ideologies. The findings shed light on the wide variety of plural formation strategies which resulted from the contact of Spanish with Philippine languages. Possible triggers, such as animacy, definiteness or specificity, are also examined and some future research areas suggested. Keywords: nominal plural marking, Zamboangueño Chabacano, number, creole languages Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 142 Eduardo Tobar Delgado 1. Introduction1 Zamboanga Chabacano (also known as Zamboangueño or Chavacano) is one of the three extant varieties of Philippine Creole Spanish or Chabacano and totals around 500,000 speakers in and around Zamboanga City in the Southern Philippines. -
Otomi and Mazahua
Language and Culture Archives Bartholomew Collection of Unpublished Materials SIL International - Mexico Branch © SIL International NOTICE This document is part of the archive of unpublished language data created by members of the Mexico Branch of SIL International. While it does not meet SIL standards for publication, it is shared “as is” under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/4.0/) to make the content available to the language community and to researchers. SIL International claims copyright to the analysis and presentation of the data contained in this document, but not to the authorship of the original vernacular language content. AVISO Este documento forma parte del archivo de datos lingüísticos inéditos creados por miembros de la filial de SIL International en México. Aunque no cumple con las normas de publicación de SIL, se presenta aquí tal cual de acuerdo con la licencia "Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual" (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/4.0/) para que esté accesible a la comunidad y a los investigadores. Los derechos reservados por SIL International abarcan el análisis y la presentación de los datos incluidos en este documento, pero no abarcan los derechos de autor del contenido original en la lengua indígena. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF OTOPAMEAN (MEXICO) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT -
PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/42006 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2017-12-06 and may be subject to change. Kwaza in a Comparative Perspective Author(s): Hein van der Voort Reviewed work(s): Source: International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 71, No. 4 (October 2005), pp. 365- 412 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/501245 . Accessed: 13/07/2012 09:37 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of American Linguistics. http://www.jstor.org KWAZA IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE1 Hein van der Voort Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi In view of the previous sparsity of data, the existing claims with regard to a genea- logical classification of the Aikanã, Kanoê, and Kwaza languages of Rondônia, on the Brazilian side of the Guaporé River, are premature and unconvincing. -
El “Nuevo” Palenquero Y El Español Afroboliviano: ¿Es Reversible La Descriollización?
El “nuevo” palenquero y el español afroboliviano: ¿es reversible la descriollización? John M. Lipski The Pennsylvania State University 1. Introducción ¿En qué consiste la simplificación lingüística? ¿Cuáles son las características del bilingüismo cuando se trata de una lengua criolla y su principal lengua lexificadora? ¿En qué se parecen la criollización y la adquisición de una segunda lengua? ¿Qué semejanzas comparten la descriollización y la atrición de una lengua nativa? Estas son algunas de las preguntas teóricas y metodológicas que surgen al estudiar bajo la lupa de los modelos de bilingüismo el comportamiento de las lenguas formadas en condiciones de transmisión incompleta. En varios lugares del mundo las lenguas criollas están en contacto con los idiomas que proveían la base léxica durante el período de formación. En todos los casos existentes en la actualidad, la lengua lexificadora es también la lengua oficial y mayoritaria de la comunidad de habla donde se emplea la lengua criolla. Podemos citar los ejemplos de muchas naciones anglófonas del Caribe (Jamaica, Grenada, Belice, Dominica, Santa Lucía, etc.), de Cabo Verde, São Tomé y Príncipe y Guiné-Bissau en África (contacto entre lenguas criollas afrolusitanas y el portugués), Guadalupe y Martinica (contacto entre el francés y los criollos afrofranceses), y el Gullah en el sudeste de los Estados Unidos (contacto entre el inglés y un criollo angloafricano). En estas circunstancias de contacto, se produce con frecuencia un proceso de descriollización, es decir la aproximación gradual a la lengua lexificadora de una lengua criolla, dejando como resultado un continuum pos-criollo: una serie de etapas intermedias entre la variedad acriollada más alejada de la lengua lexificadora (el basilecto) y las variedades que acercan más a la lengua lexificadora (el acrolecto). -
Corpus Collection for Under-Resourced Languages with More Than One Million Speakers
Corpus collection for under-resourced languages with more than one million speakers Dirk Goldhahn1, Maciej Sumalvico1, Uwe Quasthoff1,2 Natural Language Processing Group, University of Leipzig, Germany Department of African Languages, University of South Africa, South Africa Email: { dgoldhahn, janicki, quasthoff, }@informatik.uni-leipzig.de Abstract For only 40 of about 350 languages with more than one million speakers, the situation concerning text resources is comfortable. For the remaining languages, the number of speakers indicates a need for both corpora and tools. This paper describes a corpus collection initiative for these languages. While random Web crawling has serious limitations, native speakers with knowledge of web pages in their language are of invaluable help. The aim is to give interested scholars, language enthusiasts the possibility to contribute to corpus creation or extension by simply entering a URL into the Web Interface. Using a Web portal URLs of interest are collected with the help of the respective communities. A standardized corpus processing chain for daily newspaper corpora creation is adapted to append newly added web pages to an increasing corpus. As a result we will be able to collect larger corpora for under-resourced languages by a community effort. These corpora will be made publicly available. Keywords: corpora, under-resourced languages, Web portal, community 1. Introduction links require the execution of JavaScript code by the There are about 350 languages with more than one million crawler which often produces errors. So, if a website speakers1. For about 40 of them, the situation concerning heavily uses JavaScript links and there are no other links text resources is comfortable: there are corpora of pointing to special pages (coming from another website, reasonable size and also tools like POS taggers adapted to for instance), then all but the main page might be these languages.