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Otomi and Mazahua Language and Culture Archives Bartholomew Collection of Unpublished Materials SIL International - Mexico Branch © SIL International NOTICE This document is part of the archive of unpublished language data created by members of the Mexico Branch of SIL International. While it does not meet SIL standards for publication, it is shared “as is” under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/4.0/) to make the content available to the language community and to researchers. SIL International claims copyright to the analysis and presentation of the data contained in this document, but not to the authorship of the original vernacular language content. AVISO Este documento forma parte del archivo de datos lingüísticos inéditos creados por miembros de la filial de SIL International en México. Aunque no cumple con las normas de publicación de SIL, se presenta aquí tal cual de acuerdo con la licencia "Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual" (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/4.0/) para que esté accesible a la comunidad y a los investigadores. Los derechos reservados por SIL International abarcan el análisis y la presentación de los datos incluidos en este documento, pero no abarcan los derechos de autor del contenido original en la lengua indígena. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF OTOPAMEAN (MEXICO) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS BY DORIS AILEEN BARTHOLOMEW CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 1965 i THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF OTOPAMEAN (MEXICO) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS BY DORIS AILEEN BARTHOLOMEW CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SEPTEMBER, 1965 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................................................iii PREFACE....................................................................................................................................................... v CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1 Previous Contributions to the Reconstruction of Otopamean ..................................................................... 6 Sources of Data........................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER II FEATURE SURVEY OF THE PHONOLOGIES OF THE OTOPAMEAN LANGUAGES.. 8 Mazahua...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Group 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 13 Group II ................................................................................................................................................ 18 Group III ............................................................................................................................................... 20 Sample Derivations................................................................................................................................... 22 List of Forms on Which the Analysis Is Based ..................................................................................... 23 Examples with Emphatic Person Markers”........................................................................................... 25 North Pame ............................................................................................................................................... 28 Phonology of the Other Otopamean Languages........................................................................................ 39 CHAPTER III THE RECONSTRUCTION OF STEM-INITIAL CONSONANTS..................................... 43 POP Developments ................................................................................................................................... 45 North Pame Developments ....................................................................................................................... 45 Chichimeco Developments ....................................................................................................................... 47 Consonant Alternations in North Pame and Chichimeco Kinship Terms............................................. 48 Otomian Developments............................................................................................................................. 50 Mazahua Developments............................................................................................................................ 52 Matlatzinca and Ocuilteco Developments................................................................................................. 53 Summary................................................................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER IV THE RECONSTRUCTION OF SYLLABLE NUCLEI OF ROOTS.................................. 58 Reflexes of POP Single Vowels................................................................................................................ 61 Reflexes of POP Vowel Clusters .............................................................................................................. 69 Distinctive Feature Rules for the Reflexes of POP Vowels and Vowels Clusters.................................... 81 The Otomian subgroup.............................................................................................................................. 82 Central Otomian.................................................................................................................................... 82 Southern Otomian ................................................................................................................................. 86 The Pamean Subgroup .............................................................................................................................. 92 North Pame ........................................................................................................................................... 92 Chichimeco ........................................................................................................................................... 93 The Glottal Elements of POP Sylable Nuclei ........................................................................................... 95 CHAPTER V THE RECONSTRUCTION OF POP STEM-FORMATIVE CONSONANTS..................... 98 Developments in the Otomian Subgroup ................................................................................................ 100 Rules for the Developments in Otomi................................................................................................. 101 Rules for the Developments in Mazahua............................................................................................. 102 Rules for the Developments in Matlatzinca and Ocuilteco ................................................................ 103 Developments in the Pamean Subgroup.................................................................................................. 104 The Second Element of Compounds....................................................................................................... 109 CHAPTER VI THE RECONSTRUCTION OF PERSON AND NUMBER MORPHEMES .................... 114 CHAPTER VII THE RECONSTRUCTION OF POP TONE ................................................................... 118 Synchronic Tone Systems ....................................................................................................................... 118 Chichimeco, Matlatzinca, and Ocuilteco ............................................................................................ 118 iii North Pame and South Pame............................................................................................................... 119 Otomi and Mazahua............................................................................................................................ 119 Reconstruction of POP Tone................................................................................................................... 120 Reconstruction of Otomi-Mazahua Tone ................................................................................................ 128 Matlatzinca-Ocuilteco Tone................................................................................................................ 131 Otopamean Tone..................................................................................................................................... 131 Pamean Rules...................................................................................................................................... 134 CHAPTER VIII THE RECONSTRUCTION OF POP PREFIXES ........................................................... 137 The Noun Prefixes .................................................................................................................................. 138 The Verb Prefixes ..................................................................................................................................
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