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3 1507 pHilippians 3:3 your faith, I am glad and rejoice with all of you. 18 In the same way you should also be glad and DOCTRINE rejoice with me. Christology Paul’s Follow-Up (2:19-30) Philippians 2:6-11, known as the Christ Hymn, tells the story of the Arrival of Timothy (2:19-24) person and work of Jesus Christ—His preexistence, His incarnation, 19 His death, and His exaltation. This hymn has been central to the Now I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy Church’s formation of Christology (a study of the person and work to you soon so that I too may be encouraged by of Christ). news about you. 20 For I have no one else like- The first section of the hymn speaks of Christ’s humiliation (vv. minded who will genuinely care about your in- Includes these 6-8). Although existing [always existing; cp. Jn 1:1-3] in the form of 21 God—thus, being equal with God—Christ refused to act selfishly by terests; all seek their own interests, not those of 22 taking advantage of the rights of His Lordship. Instead He emptied Jesus Christ. But you know his proven charac- (Gk ekenosen̄ , “make empty or of no effect”) Himself voluntarily— ter, because he has served with me in the gospel not of His deity, for He was still in the form of God and equal with ministry like a son with a father. 23 Therefore, I God, but perhaps of the display of His deity. This is the incarnation: the One who was fully God becoming fully man, henceforth existing hope to send him as soon as I see how things go 24 as two natures (deity and humanity) in one person (Jesus Christ). with me. I am confident in the Lord that I myself The subject changes in the second part of this hymn—Christ’s will also come soon. exaltation (vv. 9-11). Having traced the work of God the Son, now • Smyth-sewn binding the hymn traces the work of God the Father. Because of the Son’s Arrival of Epaphroditus (2:25-30) humble obedience, God has highly exalted (Gk , “ex- huperupsōsen 25 • Two-column text alt to the highest degree”) Him. The name that is above every But I considered it necessary to send you name seems to refer to the name of Jesus, but most likely this Epaphroditus — my brother, coworker, and fel- • 8-point type goes further to mean that God the Father grants Jesus the title low soldier, as well as your messenger and min- of Lord (Gk kurios, equivalent to the Hb title, Adonai ). One day, ister to my need — 26 since he has been longing • Extensive commentary notes the lordship of Jesus will be confessed by every tongue on a day when every knee will bow. Paul displays this portrait of Jesus the for all of you and was distressed because you • Word studies Servant-King before the Philippians, so that they could see what heard that he was sick. 27 Indeed, he was so sick true humility and selflessness meant. that he nearly died. However, God had mercy on • Answers to hard questions him, and not only on him but also on me, so that DOCTRINAL NOTES I would not have sorrow upon sorrow. 28 For this • Doctrinal notes Obedience (2:12-18) reason, I am very eager to send him so that you 12 1509 pHilippians 4:23 • Biblical womanhood articles Therefore, my dear friends, just as you have may rejoice again when you see him and I may always obeyed, so now, not only in my presence Appreciationbe less anxious. (4:10-20) 29 Therefore, welcome him in the CHARACTER PROFILE 10 • Character profiles but even more inCHARACTER my absence, work PROFILE out your own LordI rejoiced with in the great Lord greatlyjoy and because hold once people again like him in salvation with fear and trembling. 13 For it is God youhonor, renewed 30 because your care he for cameme. You close were, into fact, death for the • “Written on My Heart” applications concerned about me but lacked the opportunity who is working in you both to will and to work towork show it.of 1 1Christ, I don’t say risking this out ofhis need, life for to I makehave up what accordingEuodia to his good and purpose. Syntyche 14 Do everything learnedwas lacking to be content in your in whatever ministry circumstances to me. • Extensive book introductions 1 2 without grumbling and arguing, 15 so that you I fi nd myself. I know both how to make do with may be Theirblameless Background and pure, children of God who little,The and Inadequacy I know how to make doof with the a lot. Flesh In any (3:1-7) • Presentation page • They were leaders and workers in the church at Philippi (4:2-3). and all circumstances I have learned the secret are faultless in a crooked and perverted genera- of beingIn contentaddition, — whether my brothers well fed andor hungry, sisters, rejoice • In-text maps, charts & timelines tion, amongTheir Story whom you shine like stars in the whetherin the in abundance Lord. To writeor in need. to you 1 3 I am again able about this • 3 C 16 A dispute had risen between them and was causing a to do all things through him who strengthens world, by disruptionholding in the firm Philippian to church. the word of life. Then is no14 trouble for me and is a safeguard for you. • Updated concordance me. 2 Still, you did well by partnering with me in I can boast• inPaul the appealed day to themof Christ to come to thatan agreement. I didn’t He asked run or my hardship.Watch out for the dogs, watch out for the evil the other believers17 to intervene and help them also. • Full color maps labor for nothing. But even if I am poured out workers, 1 5 And you Philippianswatch out know for thosethat in thewho early mutilate the 3 as a drinkLife Lessonoffering on the sacrificial service of daysflesh. of the For gospel, we are when the I circumcision, left Macedonia, theno ones who • A woman who insists on her own way, disregarding the church shared with me in the matter of giving feelings or opinions of others, does not honor Christ. and receiving except you alone. 1 6 For even in Thes- adopt the same attitude as that of Christ Jesus. Christians must not salonicafollow up youon their sent spiritual gifts for growth. my need Apparently several Epaphroditus times. had been only imitate what they knowCHARACTER of Christ’s attitudes and PROFILES actions but, even 1 7the Not Philippians’ that I seek messenger the gift, but and I minister seek the to profi Paul when tD that they heard Paul more, live in accordanceRejoice! with 5 Let the your transformation graciousness Christ Ahas be alreadyknown to iswas increasing in prison. toThey your sent account. Epaphroditus 1 8 But with I have a gift received (4:18) and seemingly made in their mindseveryone. and attitudes. The Lord is near. 6 Don’t worry about everythingintended for inhim full, to stay and with I have Paul anfor abundance.a time. I am 4 anything, but in everything, through prayer fully supplied, E having received from Epaphro- 2:12 This verseand has petitioncaused anxiety with for thanksgiving, many readers who present think Paul your ditus3:1-2 whatNot everyone you provided rejoices in —the aLord. fragrant Some rejoice off ering, in their own was calling forrequests attaining salvationto God. by 7 And works. the One peace should of look God, at this which anachievements acceptable and, sacrifi even worse, ce, pleasing teach others to toGod. do 1 the 9 And same. Concerned verse in the contextsurpasses of Paul’s all other understanding, writings, however. will Paul guardemphasizes your mythat God the Philippianswill supply not all fall your prey toneeds this “Christ according plus” gospel to of the that salvation heartsis by grace and through minds faith in Christalone (3:9; Jesus. Rm 3:28; Gl 2:16,21; hisJudaizers riches (cp. in Glglory 2:1-14), in ChristPaul wrote Jesus. words 20 Now of warning, to our using irony 3:3,24; Eph 2:8-9; 2Tm 1:9, etc.). In this context, the working out of your Godto make and his Father point. be These glory Judaizers forever may and have ever. sounded Amen. confident in salvation is theGoal working of Obedience out of the salvation (4:8-9) you already have—it is their standing before God; however, they were in fact dogs (a label merely confirmation 8 Finally that B brothers believers mustand live sisters, out the whatever salvation they is true,have of uncleanness the Jews reserved for the Gentiles); evil workers (not been given. Obediencewhatever is not is intendedhonorable, to gain whatever God’s favor; is it just, is the what- result Closingkeepers of the Greeting law, as they claimed); and Benediction and mutilators of the flesh (for their of salvation andever the isliving pure, out whatever of who one isis lovely,in Christ. whatever is com- (4:21-23)act of circumcision had lost its value). God’s people are not constituted mendable — if there is any moral excellence 2 1by Greet circumcision every saint of the inflesh Christ but byJesus. circumcision The brothers of the heart through 2:19-30 Both Timothyand if thereand Epaphroditus is anything were praiseworthy prime examples —of what dwell whofaith are(Dt 10:16; with Jrme 4:4; send Rm 2:29; you Gl greetings. 5:1-6; 6:15). 2 2 All the Paul had beenon teaching these the things. Philippians 9 Do what(vv. 19,25). you haveAlthough learned Paul and saints send you greetings, especially those who expected to seereceived the Philippians and heard soon, he from was me,not able and to seen come in yet. me, For and belong3:3-6 If toanyone Caesar’s could household.have achieved 2 a 3 The right grace standing of thewith God based on this reason, boththe men God were of peaceperfect candidateswill be with to go you. to Philippi and Lordhis credentials, Jesus Christ Paul be qualified. with your However, spirit. when F Paul encountered Christ on A 4:5 Or gentleness B 4:8 Or In addition C 4:13 Other mss readChrist D 4:17 Litfruit E 4:18 OrHere, then, is my receipt for everything, I have an abundance, for I am fully supplied F 4:23 Other mss addAmen.

equal partners in the ministry and as vital to the spread of the gospel. Their ability to face any situation by your own resources. For the Christian, infl uence could therefore be a help—or a hindrance—to the gospel. though, contentment comes not from self-suffi ciency but from dependence on Christ and His resources. 4:6-7 How do you stop worrying about all that concerns you? Paul says CSB SBW Book File.indb the 1507 solution is to pray about everything. Trusting God with one’s petitions 4:14-19 The Philippians were a uniquely generous people (cp. 2Co 8:1-5), 11/27/17 11:33 AM brings God’s peace (Gk eirenē ,̄ “peace,” equivalent to Hb shalom, and they had a one-of-a-kind relationship with Paul (Php 4:15-16). “wholeness, well-being”). The word guard actually pictures soldiers Furthermore, their gift (apparently food) sent through Epaphroditus was guarding a city gate from within the gate. So in entrusting one’s petitions exactly what Paul needed (v. 18). Even still, Paul’s cause for rejoicing to God, God’s peace will stand guard within the gates of your mind and was not the meeting of his need (v. 16; cp. vv. 11-12). Instead, he heart to prevent the invasion of fear. Such peace, in the midst of trial, is rejoiced because their giving resulted in heavenly dividends for them (v. so shocking that it surpasses all understanding. 17), as well as God’s provision for their needs now (v. 19).

4:11-13 Paul had learned the secret of how to be content no matter the 4:21-23 The greetings from those in Caesar’s household are noteworthy. need or the circumstance. For Greek Stoics in Paul’s day, contentment At the very least, this phrase suggests that there were disciples in the was a fundamental virtue. It was an indication of self-suffi ciency—the emperor’s civil service (e.g., soldiers, government offi cials). Philippians . . .

WRITTEN The book of Philippians is an aff irmation that what really matters in all of life ON MY is the passionate pursuit of Jesus Christ. In order for you to live like Christ, you must have the mind and attitude of Christ, and the only way to know Christ’s Heart mind is to dig into His Word in order to be rooted and grounded in His truth.

CSB SBW Book File.indb 1509 11/27/17 11:33 AM 1505 pHilippians 1:13

Greeting (1:1-2) is my witness, how deeply I miss all of you with Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus: the aff ection of Christ Jesus. 1To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, including the overseers and deacons. Intercession (1:9-11) 2 Grace to you and peace from God our Father 9 And I pray this: that your love will keep on grow- and the Lord Jesus Christ. ing in knowledge and every kind of discernment, 10 so that you may approve the things that are Thanksgiving (1:3-8) superior and may be pure and blameless in the 3 I give thanks to my God for every remembrance day of Christ, 1 1 fi lled with the fruit of righteous- of you, A 4 always praying with joy for all of you in ness that comes through Jesus Christ to the glory my every prayer, 5 because of your partnership and praise of God. in the gospel from the fi rst day until now. 6 I am sure of this, that he who started a good work1509 pHilippians 4:23 in you B will carry it on to completion until the Paul’s Present Joy: Good Outcomes 7 Appreciationof Imprisonment (4:10-20) (1:12-18a) day of ChristCHARACTER Jesus. Indeed, it isPROFILE right for me to 10 think thisCHARACTER way about all of you, PROFILE because I have Unbelievers I rejoiced in and the LordChrist greatly (1:12-13) because once again you in my heart, C and you are all partners with you 1 2 Now renewed I want youryou to care know, for me.brothers You were, and insisters, fact, concerned about me but lacked the opportunity me in grace, both in my imprisonment and in the that what 1has 1 happened to me has actually ad- defense and confi rmation of the gospel.8 For God tovanced show the it. gospel,I don’t say 1 3 so this that out it has of need,become for known I have Euodia and Syntyche learned to be content in whatever circumstances A 1:3 Or for your every remembrance of me B 1:6 Or work among you I C fi 1:7 nd Or because myself. you 1 2 I have know me in both your hearthow to make do with Their Background little, and I know how to make do with a lot. In any • Title They The wereGreek leaders title of andthe epistle workers is insimply the church pros Philippe at Philippisious̄ (4:2-3)., “to the andMacedon all (the circumstances father of Alexander the I have Great) andlearned then made the into secret a Philippians.” ofRoman being military content colony in 42— BC. whether When Paul arrivedwell fedin Philippi, or hungry, he saw Their Story whethera “miniature Rome,” in abundance made up of privileged or in people need. who were 1 3 I amdiverse able in •1:1 AWhile dispute Paul had is clearly risen thebetween author them of the and letter, was he causing chose to a include nationality and social position (see Ac 16:13-40). C Timothy (Gk , combining , “honor,” and , “God,” to do all things through him who strengthens disruptionTimotheos in the Philippian church.timē theos 14 “honored of God”) in the greeting as well. Timothy had a vested interest me.1:13-19 Still, Paul saw you a benefi did wellcial outcome by partnering of his imprisonment: with the me in • Paul appealed to them to come to an agreement. He asked in the church as its co-founder (Ac 16–18) and was presently with Paul opportunity to testify of the gospel of Jesus Christ in Rome. The whole the other believers to intervene and help them also. my hardship. (Php 2:19). imperial 1 5 And guard you and Philippians everyone else knew know why he thatwas in inchains. the early The term saints (Gk hagiois, “holy or set-apart ones”) indicates the Most of the Roman believers had a renewed boldness in preaching Lifeprivilege Lesson of being recipients of Christ’s saving work and a responsibility daysChrist. Oneof groupthe ofgospel, Roman believers when understood I left Macedonia, that Paul was no •to liveA woman holy lives, who set insists apart foron herHis useown (1Pt way, 1:15-16). disregarding The inclusion the of the churchin prison because shared he had with been appointedme in the for the matter defense of the giving overseersfeelings [Gk or episkopoisopinions of, source others, of doesthe English not honor words Christ. “episcopate” and andgospel. receiving Another group except of Roman you believers alone. preached 1 6 For Christ even out in of Thes- “Episcopal”] and deacons (Gk diakonois) in the greeting occurs only here salonicaentirely different you motives—apparently sent gifts for my out of need envy andseveral rivalry withtimes. in Paul’s letters. See Doctrine, on pp. 1530 and 1545; note on 1Pt 5:1-4. 1Paul. 7 They hoped that their preaching would cause Paul trouble inD his Philippi was a cosmopolitan city founded in 359 BC by Philip of imprisonmentNot that .I seek the gift, but I seek the profi t that Rejoice! 5 Let your graciousness A be known to is increasing to your account. 1 8 But I have received everyone. The Lord is near. 6 Don’t worry about everything in full, and I have an abundance. I am anything, but in everything, through prayer fully supplied, E having received from Epaphro- and petition with thanksgiving, present your ditus what you provided — a fragrant off ering, requests to God. 7 And the peacePraying of God, for which Your anChildren acceptable sacrifi ce, pleasing to God.1 9 And surpasses all understanding, will guard your my God will supply all your needs according to 20 hearts and minds in Christ Jesus.In Philippians 1:3-11, hisfor riches their in children. glory in To Christ think aboutJesus. your Now children to our is Biblical God and Father be glory forever and ever. Amen. one gets a glimpse of easy; this process is what it means to be a mother! GoalWOMANHOOD of Obedience (4:8-9) the deep love Paul had Paul’s example, however, causes you to ask yourself: 8 Finally B brothers and sisters, whatever is true, for the Philippian believers, whom he considered to ClosingDo I spend Greeting as much time and praying Benediction for my children as whateverbe his spiritualis honorable, children. whatever Paul thought is just, of them what- often, I do thinking about them? And do I pray with an eye ever foris pure, they were whatever in his heartis lovely, (v. 7). whatever And yet, Paul is com- did not (4:21-23)toward what God’s purposes are for them (vv. 9-11)? 2 1 mendablespend time — if merely there thinking is any ofmoral his spiritual excellence children; GreetAnd how every often saint do you in Christ make your Jesus. children The brothers aware of 2 2 and heif there spent is timeanything praying praiseworthy for them. — Intercession dwell whowhat are you with are mepraying send for you them greetings. (which encourages All the 9 on thesewas things. a natural Do by-product what you of have his learned Godward and focus, saintsthem send to act you on what greetings, you are especiallypraying)? Paul’s those example who received and heard from me, and seen in me, and belong to Caesar’s household. 2 3 The grace of the which constantly channeled his thinking about is a reminder that caring for your children F means the Godthe believersof peace intowill prayers be with on you. their behalf. God has Lordoff Jesusering Christ up fervent, be with yourvisionary spirit. prayers on their A 4:5 Oruniquely gentleness gifted B 4:8 women Or In addition to be C nurturers 4:13 Other mssand read toChrist care D 4:17 behalf. Litfruit E 4:18 OrHere, then, is my receipt for everything, I have an abundance, for I am fully supplied F 4:23 Other mss addAmen.

Timeline 359 BC 42 BC AD 49 AD 50 equalAD 52partners in the ministry and asAD vital 57 to the spread of the gospel. TheirAD 59–60ability to face any situationAD 60–62 by your own resources.AD 62 For the Christian, infl uence could therefore be a help—or a hindrance—to the gospel. though, contentment comes not from self-suffi ciency but from World Events Gold-mining town of Crenides Battle of Philippi, a Beginning of Paul’s Paul plants the Paul’s return to Antioch, Paul’s likely return to Paul’s journeydependence from on ChristPaul’s and His house resources. Paul’s letter to the Biblical Events seized by Philip II of Macedon strategic turning point second missionary church in Philippi. 4:6-7concluding How do you his stop second worrying aboutPhilippi all that to concerns take an you? offering Paul says Caesarea to Rome to arrest in Rome Philippians and renamed Philippi in Roman history journey themissionary solution is tojourney pray about everythingfor believers. Trusting Godin Judea with one’s petitionsappeal to4:14-19 Caesar The Philippians were a uniquely generous people (cp. 2Co 8:1-5), brings God’s peace (Gk eirenē ,̄ “peace,” equivalent to Hb shalom, and they had a one-of-a-kind relationship with Paul (Php 4:15-16). “wholeness, well-being”). The word guard actually pictures soldiers Furthermore, their gift (apparently food) sent through Epaphroditus was guarding a city gate from within the gate. So in entrusting one’s petitions exactly what Paul needed (v. 18). Even still, Paul’s cause for rejoicing to God, God’s peace will stand guard within the gates of your mind and was not the meeting of his need (v. 16; cp. vv. 11-12). Instead, he heart to prevent the invasion of fear. Such peace, in the midst of trial, is rejoiced because their giving resulted in heavenly dividends for them (v. so shocking that it surpasses all understanding. 17), as well as God’s provision forBIBLICAL their needs now (v. 19).WOMANHOOD

CSB SBW Book4:11-13 File.indb Paul had 1505 learned the secret of how to be content no matter the 4:21-23 The greetings from those in Caesar’s household are noteworthy.11/27/17 11:33 AM need or the circumstance. For Greek Stoics in Paul’s day, contentment At the very least, this phrase suggests that there were disciples in the was a fundamental virtue. It was an indication of self-suffi ciency—the emperor’s civil service (e.g., soldiers, government offi cials). Philippians . . .

WRITTEN The book of Philippians is an aff irmation that what really matters in all of life ON MY is the passionate pursuit of Jesus Christ. In order for you to live like Christ, you must have the mind and attitude of Christ, and the only way to know Christ’s mind is to dig into His Word in order to be rooted and grounded in His truth.

danCe Heart 1684 WRITTEN ON MY HEART

CSB SBW Book File.indb 1509 11/27/17 11:33 AM DANCE (N) if it’s a d, she may live Ex 1:16 See MICAIAH You turned my lament into d-ing; Ps 30:11 let every d live Ex 1:22 See AZUBAH Praise him with tambourine and d; Ps 150:4 See PHARAOH’S DAUGHTER See JEHOSHEBEATH the d of the two camps Sg 6:13 See ZIPPORAH See MESHULLAM’S DAUGHTER See ELISHEBA had adopted her as his own d Est 2:7,15 DANCE (V) any work—you, your son or d Ex 20:10 See ESTHER See SHILOH, YOUNG WOMEN OF sells his d as a slave Ex 21:7 See JEMIMAH As they d-d, the women sang 1Sm 18:7 If it gores a son or a d Ex 21:31 Listen, d, pay attention Ps 45:10 David was d-ing with all his might 2Sm 6:14 whether for a son or d Lv 12:6 The royal d is all glorious Ps 45:13 time to mourn and a time to d; Ec 3:4 See SEX. . . See VIRGIN DAUGHTER flute for you, but you didn’td ; Mt 11:17; Do not debase your d Lv 19:29 How long . . . faithless d? Jr 31:22 Lk 7:32 his father’s d or his mother’s d Lv 20:17 Why do you boast. . . you faithless d? Jr 49:4 Herodias’s daughter d-d Mt 14:6 except . . . immediate family: . . . d Lv 21:2 could not rescue their son or d Ezk 14:20 If a priest’s d defiles herself Lv 21:9 proverb . . . : “Like mother, like d.” Ezk 16:44 DANGER If the priest’s d is married Lv 22:12 You are the d of your mother Ezk 16:45 I fear no d, for you are with me Ps 23:4 if the priest’s d becomes widowed Lv 22:13 he may defile himself for . . . a d, Ezk 44:25 or nakedness or d or sword? Rm 8:35 See SHELOMITH the d of the king of the South Dn 11:6 d-s in the city, d-s inin thethe 2Co 11:26 See COZBI He will give him a d in marriage Dn 11:17 See SERAH See GOMER DANIEL transfer his inheritance to his d Nm 27:8 See LO-RUHAMAH 1. Son of DavidUPDATED (1Ch 3:1). CONCORDANCEIf he has no THAT d MENTIONSNm 27:9EVERYNow, WOMAN d who is under IN attack THE BIBLEMc 5:1 2. Prophet during the exile in Babylon. between a father and his d Nm 30:16 a d opposes her mother Mc 7:6 Called Belteshazzar (Dn 1:7); refused to Any d who possesses an has married the d of a foreign god Mal 2:11 eat the king’s food (1:8-20); interpreted inheritance Nm 36:8 See JAIRUS’S DAUGHTER the king’s dreams (Dn 3; 4) and the any work—you, your son or d Dt 5:14 Jesus . . . “Have courage, d” Mt 9:22 5 writing on the wall (Dn 5); thrown in you, your son and d Dt 12:18 a d against her mother Mt 10:35 the lion’s den (Dn 6). Received visions If . . . your son or d. . . entices you Dt 13:6 who loves a son or d more Mt 10:37 (Dn 7–12). you, your son and d Dt 16:11,14 See HERODIAS’S DAUGHTER sacrifice his . . . d in the fire Dt 18:10 See DAUGHTER OF SYROPHOENICIAN DARE I gave my d to this man . . . hates her Dt 22:16 WOMAN someone might even d to die. Rm 5:7 evidence of . . . d-’s virginity Dt 22:17 “D,” he [Jesus] said to her Mk 5:34; Lk 8:48 sister, whether his father’s d or . . . See ANNA DARIUS his mother’s d Dt 27:22 mother against d, d against 1. The Mede, who conquered Babylon will begrudge . . . her d Dt 28:56 mother Lk 12:53 (Dn 5:31). See ACHSAH this woman, a d of Abraham Lk 13:16 2. Darius I of Persia allowed the rebuild- See JEPHTHAH’S DAUGHTER ing of the temple (Ezr 4:5; 5–6; Hg 1:1; See VIRGIN DAUGHTER OF AN OLD MAN DAUGHTER BABYLON Zch 1:1). STAYING IN GIBEAH D, doomed to destruction Ps 137:8 3. Darius II of Persia (Neh 12:22). None of us will give his d Jdg 21:1 sit in the dust, Virgin D Is 47:1 Naomi . . . “Go ahead, my d.” Ru 2:2 battle formation against you, D Jr 50:42 DARK Boaz . . . “Listen, my d.. . . ” Ru 2:8 D is like a threshing floor Jr 51:33 got up while it was still d Ru 3:14 Naomi . . . “My d, it is good for you . . . ” Escape, you who are living with D Zch 2:7 the darkness is not d to you. Ps 139:12 Ru 2:22 I am d like the tents of Kedar Sg 1:5 Naomi . . . “My d, shouldn’t I . . . ” Ru 3:1 DAUGHTER CHALDEA have said in the d will be heard Lk 12:3 “May the Lord bless you, my d. . . . ” Ru 3:10 Sit . . . without a throne, D Is 47:1 don’t be afraid, my d. Ru 3:11 D, sit in silence Is 47:5 DARKEST Naomi . . . “What happened, my d?” Ru 3:16 when I go through the d valley, Ps 23:4 Naomi said, “My d, wait until . . . ” Ru 3:18 DAUGHTER EDOM See AHINOAM be glad, D, you resident of . . . Uz! Lm 4:21 DARKNESS The king . . . will give him his d. 1Sm 17:25 he will punish your iniquity, D Lm 4:22 walking in d have seen a great light Is 9:2 See MERAB, MICHAL I form light and create d, Is 45:7 See MAACAH #4 DAUGHTER EGYPT then your light will shine in the d Is 48:10 See RIZPAH to Gilead and get balm, Virgin D! Jr 46:11 The sun will be turned to d Jl 2:31 See BATHSHEBA ready for exile, inhabitant of D! Jr 46:19 if the light within you is d Mt 6:23 ewe lamb . . . was like a d to him 2Sm 12:3 D will be put to shame Jr 46:24 shines in the d, and yet the d did not Jn 1:5 See TAMAR #3 and people loved d rather than Jn 3:19 See ABIGAIL #2 DAUGHTER JERUSALEM fellowship does light have with d? 2Co 6:14 See TAPHATH D shakes her head 2Kg 19:21; Is 37:22 you were once d, but now Eph 5:8 gave it as a dowry to his d 1Kg 9:16 What can I compare you to, D? Lm 2:13 called you out of d into his 1Pt 2:9 See JEZEBEL They . . . shake their heads at D Lm 2:15 is absolutely no d in him. 1Jn 1:5 See AZUBAH sovereignty will come to D Mc 4:8 hates his . . . or sister is in the d 1Jn 2:9 See AHAB’S DAUGHTER Be glad . . . , D! Zph 3:14 See JEHOSHEBA Shout in triumph, D! Zch 9:9 DAUGHTER Give your d to my son 2Kg 14:9; 2Ch 25:18 See MILCAH See JERUSHA(H) DAUGHTER JUDAH my sister, the d of my father . . . See ABI(JAH) The Lord has trampled Virgin D Lm 1:15 not the d of my mother Gn 20:12 See MESHULLEMETH demolished the fortified cities ofD Lm 2:2 See REBEKAH See JEDIDAH mourning and lamentation See JUDITH, BASEMATH #1 sacrifice his son ord in the fire 2Kg 23:10 within D Lm 2:5 See MAHALATH See HAMUTAL See RACHEL See ZEBIDAH DAUGHTER OF DIBON See LEAH See NEHUSHTA resident of the D Jr 48:18 See DINAH See HAMMOLECHETH See ADAH, OHOLIBAMAH See SHESHAN’S DAUGHTER(S) DAUGHTER OF GALLIM See BASEMATH #2 See BATH-SHUA Cry aloud, d! Listen, Laishah! Is 10:30 See MEHETABEL, MATRED See SHEERAH See JUDAH’S WIFE See MAHALATH DAUGHTER OF SIDON See ASENATH See ABIHAIL ravished young woman, d Is 23:12

CSB SBW Book File.indb 1684 11/27/17 11:36 AM Featuring the CHRISTIAN STANDARD BIBLE

Faithful and True: These words remind us that God’s Word reveals his character and will to us, transforms our lives, and leaves us in awe of his glory. At LifeWay, we strive to be faithful and true to the Word of God in all that we do, and we know that God is faithful and true to guide us as we publish biblical resources for life. BIBLE TRANSLATION CONTINUUM We are excited to introduce you to the Study Bible for Women published in the Christian Standard Bible (CSB). As Christian women long for a more intimate relationship with God, engaging in deep study of God’s Word is important. Having a translation that is accurate to the original languages while still remaining accessible for them to engage on a daily basis can be very helpful in this e ort. We believe that by publishing the Study Bible for Women in the CSB, women can enjoy the various tools and study notes to guide them in deep Bible study while engaging in a translation that they can trust and feel comfortable reading every single day.

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6 OPTIMAL EQUIVALENCE—A BEAUTIFUL BALANCE

The CSB was created using Optimal Equivalence, a translation philosophy that balances linguistic precision of the original languages and readability in contemporary English. In the many places throughout Scripture where a word-for-word rendering is clearly understandable, a literal translation is used. When a word-for-word rendering might obscure the meaning for a modern audience, a more dynamic translation is used. This process assures that both the words and thoughts contained in the original text are conveyed as accurately as possible for today’s readers. BIBLE TRANSLATION CONTINUUM BIBLE TRANSLATION CONTINUUM

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FORMAL DYNAMIC WORD FOR WORD THOUGHT FOR THOUGHT FORMAL DYNAMIC Bible translationsWORD shown in the top half of the chart are original translations directly from ancient languages to THOUGHT FOR THOUGHT English.FOR Versions WORD shown below the line began with the English text of another Bible translation.

Bible translations shown in the top half of the graph are original translations directly from ancient texts to English. The CSB provides a highlyThose accurate below the linetext are for revisions faithful of earlier sermon English translations. preparation and serious study, translated from the biblical languages by scholars who love God’s Word. It is highly faithful to the original text. On the other hand, it does not compromise readability and clarity for those who may be less familiar with the traditional (and sometimes di cult) vocabulary retained in some translations of the Bible.

Beyond that, we know that the good news of the Bible is meant to be shared. A translation that maintains accuracy and readability opens the door for every believer to share the Bible with someone who has read it for a lifetime, or with someone who has never before read its life-changing message.

7 General Editor: Managing Editor: DOROTHY KELLEY PATTERSON RHONDA HARRINGTON KELLEY is a professor of Theology in is an adjunct professor of Women’s Women’s Studies at Southwestern Ministry at New Orleans Baptist Baptist Theological Seminary Theological Seminary in New in Fort Worth, Texas. She is a Orleans, Louisiana. She is a homemaker, popular speaker, frequent speaker for women as and successful writer, editor, and well as the author of numerous compiler of numerous books and books and coeditor of the Old coeditor of the Old Testament and Testament and New Testament New Testament volumes of the volumes of the Women’s Women’s Evangelical Commentary. Evangelical Commentary. Her husband, Chuck, is president of New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary.

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9 10 Philippians “Adopt the same attitude as that of Christ Jesus” (2:5).

Who wrote Philippians? believers needed to be reminded that unity was essential Paul named himself as the author of the letter (1:1). for the church body and for the progress of the gospel in the world (1:27; 2:2-4,14; 4:2). Who were the recipients? • Christ. The Christocentricity of the book is evident by the Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the city of Philippi. more than fi fty references to Jesus, whom Paul calls “Lord,” The Philippian church, founded by Paul on his second “Savior,” and “Christ.” missionary journey in the early AD 50s, bears the distinction of being the fi rst church in Europe. Why should women read Philippians? When Paul arrived in Philippi, he found an assembly of When was Philippians written? God-fearing women, and among this group of women down by Clearly from the book itself one notes that Paul was in the riverside, the Philippian church was born. In this tender prison awaiting sentence when he wrote the letter (1:7,13- letter from the apostle Paul to the Philippian church, one 14,17,20,30; 2:17), and it was most likely written during sees Paul’s heart as a mentor in the faith and as a father Paul’s fi rst imprisonment in Rome, AD 60–62 (Ac 28:30-31). who deeply cared for his spiritual children. The Philippian church was beloved by Paul (1:3-8). They were a praying Where did it happen? people (1:19), as well as loyal and liberal givers throughout While imprisoned in Rome, Paul wrote this letter to the Paul’s ministry. Even when no one else supported him (4:15), believers in the church at Philippi, a cosmopolitan city located they gave out of their own “extreme poverty” (2Co 8:2) to on the plain of eastern Macedonia, about ten miles inland further the gospel message. Paul yearned to see their spiritual from Neapolis, an important seaport. growth; thus, he taught them the essence of the Christian life.

What is Philippians about? How do you read Philippians? • Joy. The words “joy” and “rejoice” are found more times Paul’s letter follows the form of ancient letters written and in this letter than in any of Paul’s other letters. Paul exchanged between friends in the Greco-Roman world. discovered the true source of joy in Christ Himself, and Although the letter is similar in form to ancient letters, the Christ enabled Paul to experience joy even in suffering. content is uniquely Christocentric and full of Paul’s own • Unity. Paul’s emphasis on unity implies that the Philippian articulation of the gospel message.

Outline

I. Introductory Matters (1:1-11) III. Commission and Follow-Up (1:27–2:30) A. Greeting (1:1-2) A. The Philippians’ Commission (1:27–2:18) B. Thanksgiving (1:3-8) B. Paul’s Follow-Up (2:19-30) C. Intercession (1:9-11) IV. The Essence of the Gospel and Life Itself (3:1–4:1) II. The Present and Future of Paul’s Imprisonment A. The Inadequacy of the Flesh (3:1-7) (1:12-26) B. The Suffi ciency of Christ (3:8-14) A. Paul’s Present Joy: Good Outcomes of C. The Appeal (3:15–4:1) Imprisonment (1:12-18a) V. Concluding Matters (4:2-23) B. Paul’s Future Joy: Christ’s Honor and the A. Reiterative Exhortations (4:2-9) Philippians’ Joy (1:18b-26) B. Appreciation (4:10-20) C. Closing Greeting and Benediction (4:21-23)

Timeline 359 BC 42 BC AD 49 AD 50 World Events Gold-mining town of Crenides Battle of Philippi, a Beginning of Paul’s Paul plants the Biblical Events seized by Philip II of Macedon strategic turning point second missionary church in Philippi. and renamed Philippi in Roman history journey 11

CSB SBW Book File.indb 1504 11/27/17 11:33 AM 1505 pHilippians 1:13

A 1:3 Or for your every remembrance of me B 1:6 Or work among you C 1:7 Or because you have me in your heart

Title The Greek title of the epistle is simply pros Philippesious̄ , “to the Macedon (the father of Alexander the Great) and then made into a Philippians.” Roman military colony in 42 BC. When Paul arrived in Philippi, he saw a “miniature Rome,” made up of privileged people who were diverse in 1:1 While Paul is clearly the author of the letter, he chose to include nationality and social position (see Ac 16:13-40). Timothy (Gk Timotheos, combining time,̄ “honor,” and theos, “God,” “honored of God”) in the greeting as well. Timothy had a vested interest 1:13-19 Paul saw a benefi cial outcome of his imprisonment: the in the church as its co-founder (Ac 16–18) and was presently with Paul opportunity to testify of the gospel of Jesus Christ in Rome. The whole (Php 2:19). imperial guard and everyone else knew why he was in chains. The term saints (Gk hagiois, “holy or set-apart ones”) indicates the Most of the Roman believers had a renewed boldness in preaching privilege of being recipients of Christ’s saving work and a responsibility Christ. One group of Roman believers understood that Paul was to live holy lives, set apart for His use (1Pt 1:15-16). The inclusion of the in prison because he had been appointed for the defense of the overseers [Gk episkopois, source of the English words “episcopate” and gospel. Another group of Roman believers preached Christ out of “Episcopal”] and deacons (Gk diakonois) in the greeting occurs only here entirely different motives—apparently out of envy and rivalry with in Paul’s letters. See Doctrine, on pp. 1530 and 1545; note on 1Pt 5:1-4. Paul. They hoped that their preaching would cause Paul trouble in his Philippi was a cosmopolitan city founded in 359 BC by Philip of imprisonment.

Praying for Your Children Biblical In Philippians 1:3-11, for their children. To think about your children is WOMANHOOD one gets a glimpse of easy; this process is what it means to be a mother! the deep love Paul had Paul’s example, however, causes you to ask yourself: for the Philippian believers, whom he considered to Do I spend as much time praying for my children as be his spiritual children. Paul thought of them often, I do thinking about them? And do I pray with an eye for they were in his heart (v. 7). And yet, Paul did not toward what God’s purposes are for them (vv. 9-11)? spend time merely thinking of his spiritual children; And how often do you make your children aware of he spent time praying for them. Intercession what you are praying for them (which encourages was a natural by-product of his Godward focus, them to act on what you are praying)? Paul’s example which constantly channeled his thinking about is a reminder that caring for your children means the believers into prayers on their behalf. God has off ering up fervent, visionary prayers on their uniquely gifted women to be nurturers and to care behalf.

Timeline 359 BC 42 BC AD 49 AD 50 AD 52 AD 57 AD 59–60 AD 60–62 AD 62 World Events Gold-mining town of Crenides Battle of Philippi, a Beginning of Paul’s Paul plants the Paul’s return to Antioch, Paul’s likely return to Paul’s journey from Paul’s house Paul’s letter to the Biblical Events seized by Philip II of Macedon strategic turning point second missionary church in Philippi. concluding his second Philippi to take an offering Caesarea to Rome to arrest in Rome Philippians and renamed Philippi in Roman history journey missionary journey for believers in Judea appeal to Caesar 12

CSB SBW Book File.indb 1505 11/27/17 11:33 AM pHilippians 1:14 1506 throughout the whole imperial guard, and to you that you are standing firm in one spirit, in everyone else, that my imprisonment is because one accord, C contending together for the faith I am in Christ. of the gospel, 28 not being frightened in any way by your opponents. This is a sign of destruction Believers and Christ (1:14-18a) for them, but of your salvation — and this is from 14 Most of the brothers have gained confidence in God. 29 For it has been granted to you on Christ’s the Lord from my imprisonment and dare even behalf not only to believe in him, but also to suf- more to speak the word A fearlessly. 15 To be sure, fer for him, 30 since you are engaged in the same some preach Christ out of envy and rivalry, but struggle that you saw I had and now hear that others out of good will. 16 These preach out of I have. love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the gospel; 17 the others proclaim Christ If then there is any encouragement in Christ, out of selfish ambition, not sincerely, thinking 2 if any consolation of love, if any fellowship that they will cause me trouble in my imprison- with the Spirit, if any affection and mercy,2 make ment. 18 What does it matter? Only that in every my joy complete by thinking the same way, hav- way, whether from false motives or true, Christ ing the same love, united in spirit, intent on one is proclaimed, and in this I rejoice. purpose. 3 Do nothing out of selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility consider others as more Paul’s Future Joy: Christ’s Honor important than yourselves. 4 Everyone should and the Philippians’ Joy (1:18b-26) look out not only for his own interests, but also Yes, and I will continue to rejoice 19 because I for the interests of others. know this will lead to my salvation B through your prayers and help from the Spirit of Jesus Christlike Attitude (2:5-11) Christ. 20 My eager expectation and hope is that I 5 Adopt the same attitude as that of Christ Jesus, will not be ashamed about anything, but that now 6 who, existing in the form of God, as always, with all courage, Christ will be highly did not consider equality with God honored in my body, whether by life or by death. as something to be exploited. D 21 For me, to live is Christ and to die is gain. 7 Instead he emptied himself 22 Now if I live on in the flesh, this means fruitful by assuming the form of a servant, work for me; and I don’t know which one I should taking on the likeness of humanity. choose. 23 I am torn between the two. I long to And when he had come as a man, depart and be with Christ — which is far better 8 he humbled himself — 24 but to remain in the flesh is more necessary by becoming obedient for your sake. 25 Since I am persuaded of this, I to the point of death — know that I will remain and continue with all of even to death on a cross. you for your progress and joy in the faith, 26 so 9 For this reason God highly exalted him that, because of my coming to you again, your and gave him the name boasting in Christ Jesus may abound. that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus The Philippians’ Commission every knee will bow — (1:27–2:18) in heaven and on earth Unity and Humility (1:27–2:4) and under the earth — 27 Just one thing: As citizens of heaven, live your 11 and every tongue will confess life worthy of the gospel of Christ. Then, whether that Jesus Christ is Lord, I come and see you or am absent, I will hear about to the glory of God the Father.

A 1:14 Other mss add of God B 1:19 Or vindication C 1:27 Lit soul D 2:6 Or to be grasped, or to be held on to

Although Paul most certainly was hurt by the opposition of fellow 2:1-4 Paul knew the Philippians would have had all the resources believers, he was able to rejoice because Christ was being proclaimed. necessary to be united in every way (note the repeated emphasis on His concern was the reputation of Christ, not his own. Paul’s focus “same” and “one”). This soul-unity starts at the individual level, with on Christ enabled him to choose to rejoice, even in his own difficult each person living out his relationships with others in humility, which circumstances. His salvation—in the sense of preservation from danger is a mindset that acknowledges each person as equally valuable since or destruction (v. 19)—would result in vindication before God. each is made in the image of God. Rather than relating to others out of selfish ambition (Gk eritheian, “desire to advance one’s own interests, 1:27-30 Paul turns his attention to the Philippians’ spiritual walk. He partisanship”; cp. Jms 3:14,16) and conceit (Gk kenodoxian, “seeking commissioned them to live worthy of the gospel, standing united for praise though not deserving it”), believers must put others first. Paul had the sake of Christ. Living in a Roman military colony, the Philippians already set an example in this (1:21-26), and he reminded them of the would have understood well Paul’s instruction to live (Gk politeuesthe, supreme example of humility—Christ Himself (2:5-11). “conduct oneself as a citizen”) worthy of the gospel. They were to conduct themselves as citizens of Christ’s rule (cp. 3:20), for Christ—not 2:5 In this section, Paul directs his readers’ gaze to Christ Himself, the Caesar—is Lord (2:11). supreme model of humility and obedience, and admonishes them to 13

CSB SBW Book File.indb 1506 11/27/17 11:33 AM 1507 pHilippians 3:3 your faith, I am glad and rejoice with all of you. 18 In the same way you should also be glad and DOCTRINE rejoice with me. Christology Paul’s Follow-Up (2:19-30) Philippians 2:6-11, known as the Christ Hymn, tells the story of the Arrival of Timothy (2:19-24) person and work of Jesus Christ—His preexistence, His incarnation, 19 His death, and His exaltation. This hymn has been central to the Now I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy Church’s formation of Christology (a study of the person and work to you soon so that I too may be encouraged by of Christ). news about you. 20 For I have no one else like- The first section of the hymn speaks of Christ’s humiliation (vv. minded who will genuinely care about your in- 6-8). Although existing [always existing; cp. Jn 1:1-3] in the form of 21 God—thus, being equal with God—Christ refused to act selfishly by terests; all seek their own interests, not those of 22 taking advantage of the rights of His Lordship. Instead He emptied Jesus Christ. But you know his proven charac- (Gk ekenosen̄ , “make empty or of no effect”) Himself voluntarily— ter, because he has served with me in the gospel not of His deity, for He was still in the form of God and equal with ministry like a son with a father. 23 Therefore, I God, but perhaps of the display of His deity. This is the incarnation: the One who was fully God becoming fully man, henceforth existing hope to send him as soon as I see how things go 24 as two natures (deity and humanity) in one person (Jesus Christ). with me. I am confident in the Lord that I myself The subject changes in the second part of this hymn—Christ’s will also come soon. exaltation (vv. 9-11). Having traced the work of God the Son, now the hymn traces the work of God the Father. Because of the Son’s Arrival of Epaphroditus (2:25-30) humble obedience, God has highly exalted (Gk , “ex- huperupsōsen 25 alt to the highest degree”) Him. The name that is above every But I considered it necessary to send you name seems to refer to the name of Jesus, but most likely this Epaphroditus — my brother, coworker, and fel- goes further to mean that God the Father grants Jesus the title low soldier, as well as your messenger and min- of Lord (Gk kurios, equivalent to the Hb title, Adonai ). One day, 26 the lordship of Jesus will be confessed by every tongue on a day ister to my need — since he has been longing when every knee will bow. Paul displays this portrait of Jesus the for all of you and was distressed because you Servant-King before the Philippians, so that they could see what heard that he was sick. 27 Indeed, he was so sick true humility and selflessness meant. that he nearly died. However, God had mercy on him, and not only on him but also on me, so that I would not have sorrow upon sorrow. 28 For this Obedience (2:12-18) reason, I am very eager to send him so that you 12 Therefore, my dear friends, just as you have may rejoice again when you see him and I may always obeyed, so now, not only in my presence be less anxious. 29 Therefore, welcome him in the but even more in my absence, work out your own Lord with great joy and hold people like him in salvation with fear and trembling. 13 For it is God honor, 30 because he came close to death for the who is working in you both to will and to work work of Christ, risking his life to make up what according to his good purpose. 14 Do everything was lacking in your ministry to me. without grumbling and arguing, 15 so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God who The Inadequacy of the Flesh (3:1-7) are faultless in a crooked and perverted genera- In addition, my brothers and sisters, rejoice tion, among whom you shine like stars in the 3 in the Lord. To write to you again about this world, 16 by holding firm to the word of life. Then is no trouble for me and is a safeguard for you. I can boast in the day of Christ that I didn’t run or 2 Watch out for the dogs, watch out for the evil labor for nothing. 17 But even if I am poured out workers, watch out for those who mutilate the as a drink offering on the sacrificial service of flesh.3 For we are the circumcision, the ones who

adopt the same attitude as that of Christ Jesus. Christians must not follow up on their spiritual growth. Apparently Epaphroditus had been only imitate what they know of Christ’s attitudes and actions but, even the Philippians’ messenger and minister to Paul when they heard Paul more, live in accordance with the transformation Christ has already was in prison. They sent Epaphroditus with a gift (4:18) and seemingly made in their minds and attitudes. intended for him to stay with Paul for a time.

2:12 This verse has caused anxiety for many readers who think Paul 3:1-2 Not everyone rejoices in the Lord. Some rejoice in their own was calling for attaining salvation by works. One should look at this achievements and, even worse, teach others to do the same. Concerned verse in the context of Paul’s other writings, however. Paul emphasizes that the Philippians not fall prey to this “Christ plus” gospel of the that salvation is by grace through faith alone (3:9; Rm 3:28; Gl 2:16,21; Judaizers (cp. Gl 2:1-14), Paul wrote words of warning, using irony 3:3,24; Eph 2:8-9; 2Tm 1:9, etc.). In this context, the working out of your to make his point. These Judaizers may have sounded confident in salvation is the working out of the salvation you already have—it is their standing before God; however, they were in fact dogs (a label merely confirmation that believers must live out the salvation they have of uncleanness the Jews reserved for the Gentiles); evil workers (not been given. Obedience is not intended to gain God’s favor; it is the result keepers of the law, as they claimed); and mutilators of the flesh (for their of salvation and the living out of who one is in Christ. act of circumcision had lost its value). God’s people are not constituted by circumcision of the flesh but by circumcision of the heart through 2:19-30 Both Timothy and Epaphroditus were prime examples of what faith (Dt 10:16; Jr 4:4; Rm 2:29; Gl 5:1-6; 6:15). Paul had been teaching the Philippians (vv. 19,25). Although Paul expected to see the Philippians soon, he was not able to come yet. For 3:3-6 If anyone could have achieved a right standing with God based on 14 this reason, both men were perfect candidates to go to Philippi and his credentials, Paul qualified. However, when Paul encountered Christ on

CSB SBW Book File.indb 1507 11/27/17 11:33 AM pHilippians 3:4 1508 worship by the Spirit of God, boast in Christ The Appeal (3:15–4:1) 15 Jesus, and do not put confidence in the flesh — Therefore, let all of us who are mature think CHARACTER PROFILE 4 although I have reasons for confidence in the this way. And if you think differently about any- flesh. If anyone else thinks he has grounds for thing, God will reveal this also to you. 16 In any confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5 circum- case, we should live up to whatever truth we cised the eighth day; of the nation of Israel, of have attained. 17 Join in imitating me, brothers the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew born of Hebrews; and sisters, and pay careful attention to those regarding the law, a Pharisee; 6 regarding zeal, who live according to the example you have in persecuting the church; regarding the righteous- us. 18 For I have often told you, and now say again ness that is in the law, blameless. with tears, that many live as enemies of the cross 7 But everything that was a gain to me, I have of Christ. 19 Their end is destruction; their god considered to be a loss because of Christ. is their stomach; their glory is in their shame. They are focused on earthly things, 20 but our The Sufficiency of Christ (3:8-14) citizenship is in heaven, and we eagerly wait for 8 More than that, I also consider everything to be a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ. 21 He a loss in view of the surpassing value of knowing will transform the body of our humble condi- Christ Jesus my Lord. Because of him I have suf- tion into the likeness of his glorious body, by the fered the loss of all things and consider them as power that enables him to subject everything dung, so that I may gain Christ 9 and be found in to himself. him, not having a righteousness of my own from So then, my dearly loved and longed for the law, but one that is through faith in Christ A 4 brothers and sisters, my joy and crown, in — the righteousness from God based on faith. this manner stand firm in the Lord, dear friends. 10 My goal is to know him and the power of his resurrection and the fellowship of his suffer- Reiterative Exhortations ings, being conformed to his death, 11 assuming (4:2-9) that I will somehow reach the resurrection from Appeal for Unity (4:2-3) among the dead. 2 I urge Euodia and I urge Syntyche to agree 12 Not that I have already reached the goal or am in the Lord. 3 Yes, I also ask you, true partner, D already perfect, but I make every effort to take hold to help these women who have contended of it because I also have been taken hold of by Christ for the gospel at my side, along with Clement Jesus. 13 Brothers and sisters, I do not B consider and the rest of my coworkers whose names are myself to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: in the book of life. Forgetting what is behind and reaching forward to what is ahead, 14 I pursue as my goal the prize Call to Be Christ-focused (4:4-7) promised by God’s heavenly C call in Christ Jesus. 4 Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: A 3:9 Or through the faithfulness of Christ B 3:13 Other mss read not yet C 3:14 Or upward D 4:3 Or true Syzygus, possibly a person’s name

the Damascus road (Ac 9:1-9), those things in which he had previously interpretation, clearly their deified appetites dictated their lives; thus, put his confidence appeared worthless in light of the surpassing worth being egocentric, they had not made Christ their Lord. of Christ (cp. Ac 26:4-11). 3:20-21 Believers are to be future-oriented, with eyes toward Christ, 3:8 At his conversion, Paul’s life changed radically. Like Isaiah, who said eagerly awaiting Him and the day of His return, when by His power, He all of one’s righteous deeds are like filthy rags (Is 64:6), Paul saw that will transform frail, sinful bodies into bodies like His (cp. 1Jn 3:2). everything upon which he formerly depended for God’s favor was mere dung (Gk skubala, lit. “human excrement” or “trash thrown to the dogs”). 4:2-3 For brevity, verse 2 is striking for several reasons. First, it is unusual for Paul to mention specific names in his exhortation; second, the names 3:9 Paul speaks of two different types of righteousness. Self-conferred belong to women; third, the Greek here is verbatim to 2:2—but now with righteousness looks to one’s own ability to keep the law and conform to specificity, indicating that this is the crux of the unity problem in Philippi. its standards, in hopes that he will become righteous. The righteousness Apparently two women in the Philippian church—Euodia (Gk, “pleasant, that is from God, on the other hand, is not based on your ability to keep fragrant”) and Syntyche (Gk, “lucky, fortunate”)—were in disagreement the law but is based on your faith in Christ. on an issue about which no details are given here. Their disagreement was significant enough that word of it had reached Paul and serious enough 3:10-11 Paul’s desire to know Christ was so intense that he yearned to that he felt the need to address it. The matter apparently threatened drink deeply even of Christ’s sufferings. church unity (2:2-4; 3:15)—and did so because these women were of some influence. Not much is known about them, except that theycontended for 3:12-14 Although the prize is not clearly stated, one can assume from the gospel with Paul. Paul’s use of the Greek verb sunethlē san̄ (a military the context of this passage that Paul looked forward most of all to word meaning “fight alongside”; cp. 1:27) implies that in the midst of being with Christ (1:21,23), knowing Him completely (3:10), and being difficult and even dangerous opposition, these women had stood firmly and transformed into His image at the resurrection vv. 20-21). bravely for the cause of the gospel. Their vigorous and ongoing partnership with Paul was not surprising, considering the involvement of Philippian 3:18-19 Of these enemies of the cross of Christ, headed for women in the church since its beginning (cp. Ac 16). However, one should destruction, Paul said their god is their stomach. This could be not exaggerate the leadership of these women beyond what the text actually interpreted to mean that they focused on strict dietary laws, they were says. For example, one cannot argue from this text that women held offices gluttonous, or they lived according to sensuous appetites. No matter the in the church. What may be said, however, is that Paul viewed women as 15

CSB SBW Book File.indb 1508 11/27/17 11:33 AM 1509 pHilippians 4:23 Appreciation (4:10-20) CHARACTER PROFILE 10 CHARACTER PROFILE I rejoiced in the Lord greatly because once again you renewed your care for me. You were, in fact, concerned about me but lacked the opportunity to show it. 1 1 I don’t say this out of need, for I have Euodia and Syntyche learned to be content in whatever circumstances I fi nd myself. 1 2 I know both how to make do with Their Background little, and I know how to make do with a lot. In any • They were leaders and workers in the church at Philippi (4:2-3). and all circumstances I have learned the secret of being content — whether well fed or hungry, Their Story whether in abundance or in need. 1 3 I am able • A dispute had risen between them and was causing a to do all things through him C who strengthens disruption in the Philippian church. me. 14 Still, you did well by partnering with me in • Paul appealed to them to come to an agreement. He asked the other believers to intervene and help them also. my hardship. 1 5 And you Philippians know that in the early Life Lesson days of the gospel, when I left Macedonia, no • A woman who insists on her own way, disregarding the church shared with me in the matter of giving feelings or opinions of others, does not honor Christ. and receiving except you alone. 1 6 For even in Thes- salonica you sent gifts for my need several times. 1 7 Not that I seek the gift, but I seek the profi tD that Rejoice! 5 Let your graciousness A be known to is increasing to your account. 1 8 But I have received everyone. The Lord is near. 6 Don’t worry about everything in full, and I have an abundance. I am anything, but in everything, through prayer fully supplied, E having received from Epaphro- and petition with thanksgiving, present your ditus what you provided — a fragrant off ering, requests to God. 7 And the peace of God, which an acceptable sacrifi ce, pleasing to God.1 9 And surpasses all understanding, will guard your my God will supply all your needs according to hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. his riches in glory in Christ Jesus. 20 Now to our God and Father be glory forever and ever. Amen. Goal of Obedience (4:8-9) 8 Finally B brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, what- Closing Greeting and Benediction ever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is com- (4:21-23) mendable — if there is any moral excellence 2 1 Greet every saint in Christ Jesus. The brothers and if there is anything praiseworthy — dwell who are with me send you greetings. 2 2 All the on these things. 9 Do what you have learned and saints send you greetings, especially those who received and heard from me, and seen in me, and belong to Caesar’s household. 2 3 The grace of the the God of peace will be with you. Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. F A 4:5 Or gentleness B 4:8 Or In addition C 4:13 Other mss readChrist D 4:17 Litfruit E 4:18 OrHere, then, is my receipt for everything, I have an abundance, for I am fully supplied F 4:23 Other mss addAmen.

equal partners in the ministry and as vital to the spread of the gospel. Their ability to face any situation by your own resources. For the Christian, infl uence could therefore be a help—or a hindrance—to the gospel. though, contentment comes not from self-suffi ciency but from dependence on Christ and His resources. 4:6-7 How do you stop worrying about all that concerns you? Paul says the solution is to pray about everything. Trusting God with one’s petitions 4:14-19 The Philippians were a uniquely generous people (cp. 2Co 8:1-5), brings God’s peace (Gk eirenē ,̄ “peace,” equivalent to Hb shalom, and they had a one-of-a-kind relationship with Paul (Php 4:15-16). “wholeness, well-being”). The word guard actually pictures soldiers Furthermore, their gift (apparently food) sent through Epaphroditus was guarding a city gate from within the gate. So in entrusting one’s petitions exactly what Paul needed (v. 18). Even still, Paul’s cause for rejoicing to God, God’s peace will stand guard within the gates of your mind and was not the meeting of his need (v. 16; cp. vv. 11-12). Instead, he heart to prevent the invasion of fear. Such peace, in the midst of trial, is rejoiced because their giving resulted in heavenly dividends for them (v. so shocking that it surpasses all understanding. 17), as well as God’s provision for their needs now (v. 19).

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