Phenotypic, Biochemical, and Molecular Diversity in Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L) Germplasm Pedro Antonio López Iowa State University
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Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2006 Phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) germplasm Pedro Antonio López Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons Recommended Citation López, Pedro Antonio, "Phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) germplasm" (2006). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1541. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1541 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) germplasm by Pedro Antonio Lopez A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Plant Breeding Program of Study Committee: Mark P. Widrlechner, Co-major Professor Ricardo J. Salvador, Co-major Professor Theodore B. Bailey E. Charles Brummer Candice A. Gardner Philipp W. Simon Lester A. Wilson Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2006 UMI Number: 3229102 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3229102 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 11 Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation of Pedro Antonio Lopez has met the dissertation requirements of Iowa State University Signature was redacted for privacy. Committee Member Signature was redacted for privacy. Committee Member Signature was redacted for privacy. Committee Member Signature was redacted for privacy. Committee Member Signature was redacted for privacy. Committee Member Signature was redacted for privacy. Co-major Professor Signature was redacted for privacy. Co-major Professor Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Majot Program Ill To God, because of the life; to my mother, my brothers, my sister, and my nephews and for their love and support; to my daughter, because she gives sense to my life; to my family and friends. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS x ABSTRACT xii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 1 Dissertation Organization 7 CHAPTER 2. ASSESSING PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY IN CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum L.) GERMPLASM 8 Abstract 8 Introduction 9 Materials and Methods 17 Results and Discussion 40 Conclusions 78 Acknowledgements 79 References 79 CHAPTER 3. BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY IN CORIANDER (<Coriandrum sativum L.) POPULATIONS 93 Abstract 93 Introduction 95 Materials and Methods 103 Results and Discussion 112 Conclusions 132 Acknowledgements 133 References 133 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 147 General Discussion 147 Recommendations 148 References 150 APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL TABLES 159 APPENDIX B. ACCESSIONS REPRESENTATIVES FOR SUBSPECIES AND BOTANICAL VARIETIES 209 V LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER 2 Figure 1. Representation of the blade shape for the longest basal leaf in coriander 23 Figure 2. Representation of the fruit shape in coriander 23 Figure 3. (a) Minimum and maximum temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm); (b) growing degree-days and photoperiod (hours) for growing season in field trial for coriander, 2002 42 Figure 4. (a) Minimum and maximum temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm); (b) growing degree-days and photoperiod (hours) for growing season in field trial for coriander, 2003 43 Figure 5. Phenetic relationships among 60 populations of coriander, based on Euclidean distances from phenological and morphological traits 54 Figure 6. Three-dimensional distribution for 60 selected coriander populations, based on the first three principal components from phenotypic data 56 Figure 7. Distribution of marker frequencies for 137 AFLPs for 60 coriander populations 66 Figure 8. Frequencies for polymorphism information content (PIC) values for 137 AFLP markers retained for 60 coriander populations 67 Figure 9. Phenetic relationships among 60 populations of coriander, based on modified Rogers' genetic distances from AFLP markers 72 Figure 10. Three-dimensional distribution for 60 populations of coriander, based on the first three principal components from the AFLP analysis 73 Figure IB. Accession Ames 23626 (SUl Ia), representative of subspecies indicum var. pygmaeum 210 Figure 2B. Accession Ames 18507 (IN7_Ib), representative of subspecies indicum var. indicum 211 Figure 3B. Accession Ames 23633 (OM2_Ib), representative of subspecies indicum var. omanense 212 vi Figure 4B. Accession PI 193769 (ETl_Ic), representative of subspecies sativum var. africanum 213 Figure 5B. Accession Ames 4998 (TUl_Ic), representative of subspecies sativum var. sativum 214 Figure 6B. Accession Ames 25696 (SY3_IIa), representative of subspecies microcarpum var. syriacum 215 Figure 7B. Accession Ames 24927 (AR2_IIb), an intermediate between subspecies indicum and microcarpum 217 Figure 8B. Accession PI 256061 (AFlIIIb), representative of subspecies microcarpum var. microcarpum 218 Figure 9B. Accession PI 478378 (CH2_IIIb), representative of subspecies microcarpum var. asiaticum 220 Figure 10B. Accession Ames 18576 (RF2_IIIb), representative of subspecies microcarpum var. vavilovii 221 Figure 11B. Accession Ames 25170 (US7_IIIa), representative of subspecies microcarpum var. microcarpum 222 CHAPTER 3 Figure 1. Phenetic relationships for 59 populations of coriander, based on essential-oil GC analysis 122 Figure 2. Phenetic relationships for 60 populations of coriander, based on fatty-acid analysis 123 Figure 3. Phenetic relationships for 59 populations of coriander, based on a combined analysis of seed essential oils and fatty acids 124 Figure 4. Distribution for 59 populations of coriander based on the first three principal components from the essential-oil analysis 128 Figure 5. Distribution for 60 populations of coriander based on the first three principal components from the fatty-acid analysis 129 Figure 6. Distribution for 59 populations of coriander based on the first three principal components from a combined analysis of seed essential oils and fatty acids 130 vii LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER 2 Table 1. Coriander accessions tested in field trials during 2002 and 2003 in Ames, Iowa 19 Table 2. Phenological, morphological, and chemical traits evaluated in coriander populations in 2002 and 2003 24 Table 3. Sequences for primers and adapters used in AFLP reactions for coriander genomic DNA 31 Table 4. Primer combinations, primer-pair combinations, and sequences for each primeer in the study of molecular variability in coriander, 2005 33 Table 5. Weather conditions for field evaluations of coriander in 2002 and 2003 (by planting date in 2003) 41 Table 6. Estimates for phenological and morphological traits in coriander populations, based on data from 2002 and 2003 field evaluations 45 Table 7. Matrix with Pearson correlation coefficients for phenological and morphological traits in coriander, based on means from 2002 and 2003 field trials 47 Table 8. Mean squares for phenological and morphological traits in coriander. ANOVA for combined data for years 2002 and 2003 and for two planting dates in 2003... 50 Table 9. Year and planting date means comparisons for phenological and morphological traits in coriander by using the t test 52 Table 10. Phenological and morphological traits for coriander populations from Group I 59 Table 11. Phenological and morphological traits for coriander accessions from Group II 60 Table 12. Phenological and morphological traits for coriander populations from Group III 61 Table 13. Comparison of 60 coriander accessions from NCRPIS, with infraspecific taxa proposed by Diederichsen and Hammer in 2003 63 Table 14. Primer systems used and retained for analysis of AFLPs in coriander populations 65 viii Table 15. Mean number of alleles and polymorphism information content in 60 populations of coriander, based on 80 AFLP markers 68 Table 16. AMOVA results for 80 loci (AFLP markers). From 60 populations, seven subgroups were identified, based on phenotypic Euclidean distances and UPGMA method for clustering 75 Table 17. AMOVA results for 80 loci (AFLP markers). From 60 populations, seven groups were identified, based on geographical distances and UPGMA method for clustering 75 Table 18. AMOVA results for 80 loci (AFLP markers). From 60 populations, four groups were identified, based on modified Rogers' distances