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Joannesia Princeps Vell.) E OTIMIZAÇÃO DE ROTAS PARA a COLHEITA DE SEMENTES

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Joannesia Princeps Vell.) E OTIMIZAÇÃO DE ROTAS PARA a COLHEITA DE SEMENTES UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RECÔNCAVO DA BAHIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS, AMBIENTAIS E BIOLÓGICAS EMBRAPA MANDIOCA E FRUTICULTURA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM RECURSOS GENÉTICOS VEGETAIS CURSO DE MESTRADO FENOLOGIA DE POPULAÇÕES DE CUTIEIRA (Joannesia princeps Vell.) E OTIMIZAÇÃO DE ROTAS PARA A COLHEITA DE SEMENTES Cláudia de Jesus Santos CRUZ DAS ALMAS – BAHIA 2016 FENOLOGIA DE POPULAÇÕES DE CUTIEIRA (Joannesia princeps Vell.) E OTIMIZAÇÃO DE ROTAS PARA A COLHEITA DE SEMENTES Cláudia de Jesus Santos Engenheira Agrônoma Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), 2011 Dissertação apresentada ao Colegiado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia e Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais. Orientador: Prof. (o). Dr. Edson Ferreira Duarte Coorientador: Prof.(o). Dr. Elton da Silva Leite CRUZ DAS ALMAS - BAHIA 2016 i FICHA CATALOGRAFICA ii UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RECÔNCAVO DA BAHIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS, AMBIENTAIS E BIOLÓGICAS EMBRAPA MANDIOCA E FRUTICULTURA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM RECURSOS GENÉTICOS VEGETAIS CURSO DE MESTRADO FENOLOGIA DE POPULAÇÕES DE CUTIEIRA (Joannesia princeps Vell.) E OTIMIZAÇÃO DE ROTAS PARA A COLHEITA DE SEMENTES Comissão examinadora da defesa de dissertação de Cláudia de Jesus Santos Aprovada em: 20 de setembro de 2016 Prof. Dr. Elton da Silva Leite Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas – UFRB. (Coorientador) Prof. Dr. Everton Luís Poelking Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas – UFRB. (Examinador Interno) Profª. Drª. Ligia Silveira Funch Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (Examinador Externo) iii DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais Albertino e Clarice, pelo apoio de sempre. Ao meu esposo Adriano pelo incentivo e companheirismo. iv AGRADECIMENTOS À Deus, pelo imenso amor, proteção e amparo nos momentos mais difíceis. Aos meus pais pelo incentivo, e por serem meu porto seguro não somente nessa jornada, mas em todas as fases da minha vida. Minha gratidão ao meu esposo, por todo apoio, dedicação e compreensão. À Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais (RGV), pela oportunidade de concretizar mais uma etapa. Ao meu orientador, Profº. Dr. Edson Ferreira Duarte, pela dedicação, paciência, ensinamentos e confiança em mim depositada. Ao meu Coorientador Profº Dr. Elton da Silva Leite, pelo apoio e contribuições. A amiga Jeskar, pelo companheirismo e apoio nessa caminhada. A minha irmã do coração, Fabrícia, pela orações e conselhos. Aos colaboradores Lucas e Jailton, por todo auxilio e paciência. Enfim, sou grata a todos que de alguma forma contribuíram para que o objetivo desse trabalho fosse cumprido. v SUMÁRIO Página LISTA DE FIGURAS........................................................................................vii LISTA DE TABELAS.........................................................................................ix LISTA DE ANEXOS...........................................................................................x LISTA DE APÊNDICES....................................................................................xi RESUMO..........................................................................................................xii ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................xiii 1. INTRODUÇÃO.............................................................................................1 1.1. O bioma Mata Atlântica.....................................................................1 1.2. O Recôncavo e o Baixo Sul da Bahia...............................................2 1.3. Fenologia reprodutiva em espécies arbóreas ..................................3 1.4. Momento de colheita de sementes florestais....................................4 1.5. Rota ótima para colheita de sementes..............................................5 1.6. Espécie estudada – Joannesia princeps Vell....................................6 2. Objetivo Geral..............................................................................................7 2.1. Objetivo específico............................................................................7 3. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.............................................................7 CAPÍTULO 1....................................................................................................13 FENOLOGIA DE POPULAÇÕES DE CUTIEIRA NA REGIÃO DO RECÔNCAVO E BAIXO SUL DA BAHIA........................................................13 RESUMO.........................................................................................................14 ABSTRACT......................................................................................................15 1. INTRODUÇÃO...........................................................................................16 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS...........................................................................18 2.1. Área de estudo................................................................................18 2.2. Precipitação pluviométrica, temperatura média e fotoperíodo em cada população...............................................................................20 2.3. Fenologia.........................................................................................21 2.4. Caracterização das plantas matrizes..............................................23 2.5. Análises estatísticas........................................................................23 2.5.1. Correlação de Pearson..............................................................23 2.5.2. Analise de Estatística Circular...................................................24 2.5.3. Analise Fatorial Múltipla.............................................................24 3. RESULTADOS...........................................................................................25 3.1. Precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura.......................................25 3.2. Fenologia vegetativa.......................................................................26 3.2.1. Brotamento e Queda foliar .......................................................26 3.3. Fenologia reprodutiva.....................................................................29 3.3.1. Botões florais.............................................................................29 3.3.2. Floração.....................................................................................29 3.3.3. Frutos imaturos..........................................................................33 3.3.4. Frutos maduros..........................................................................33 3.3.5. Dispersão...................................................................................34 3.4. Análise Fatorial Múltipla (AFM) ......................................................35 4. DISCUSSÃO..............................................................................................36 5. CONCLUSÕES..........................................................................................41 6. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...........................................................42 vi CAPÍTULO 2....................................................................................................47 DETERMINAÇÃO DE ROTAS ÓTIMAS PARA COLHEITA DE SEMENTES CUTIEIRA........................................................................................................47 RESUMO.........................................................................................................48 ABSTRACT......................................................................................................49 1. INTRODUÇÃO...........................................................................................50 2. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS.........................................................................53 2.1. Área de estudo................................................................................53 2.2. Otimização da colheita de sementes...............................................54 2.3. Roteirização entre as populações...................................................54 2.4. Roteirização entre matrizes.............................................................55 3. RESULTADOS...........................................................................................55 4. DISCUSSÃO..............................................................................................58 5. CONCLUSÕES..........................................................................................60 6. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS.......................................................................61 7. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...........................................................62 8. ANEXOS....................................................................................................65 9. APENDICES...............................................................................................68 vii LISTA DE FIGURAS Capítulo 1 Figura 1. Distribuição das populações de J. princeps Vell. em municípios da Bahia – Brasil...........................................................................................................................19 Figura 2. Ocorrência de Joannesia princeps Vell. no Recôncavo e Baixo Sul da Bahia, Brasil. A: J. princeps em área de
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