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Fish Diversity in the Downstream Region of Cipanas River Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia

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Fish Diversity in the Downstream Region of Cipanas River Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(1): 29-38 Fish Diversity in The Downstream Region of Cipanas River Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia FISH DIVERSITY IN THE DOWNSTREAM REGION OF CIPANAS RIVER INDRAMAYU, WEST JAVA INDONESIA KEANEKARAGAMAN IKAN DI HILIR SUNGAI CIPANAS DAERAH KAWASAN INDRAMAYU, JAWA BARAT INDONESIA Titin Herawati1*, Gema Wahyudewantoro2, Yuli Andriani1, Heti Herawati1, Naomi Masnida Yunisia Siregar1 1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjajaran, Jatinangor 453363, Indonesia 2Research Center of Biology, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] (received November 2019, revised March 2020, accepted June 2020) ABSTRAK Sungai Cipanas merupakan salah satu sungai di Jawa Barat, hulunya berada di Gunung Tampomas kabupaten Sumedang, bermuara ke Laut Jawa di Kawasan Indramayu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman ikan di daerah hilir Sungai Cipanas. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan tehnik pengumpulan data secara sensus, yang dilakukan di 3 stasiun yaitu di perairan sungai, Desa Santing,Tempalong dan Cemara. Parameter yang diukur terdiri dari kualitas air dan ikan. Kualitas air mengacu pada standard method, pengambilan ikan menggunakan jaring dengan ukuran mata jaring berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kualitas air di hilir Sungai Cipanas sesuai untuk ke- hidupan ikan. Ikan yang tertangkap sebanyak 548 ekor terdiri dari 21 spesies, 16 genera, dan 14 familia. Keane- karagaman ikan sedang 1.6 ≤ H’ ≤ 2.2, struktur komunitas cukup baik, dan indek kemerataan 0.81 ≤ E ≤ 0.86 yang menunjukkan distribusi merata. Kata kunci: Sungai Cipanas, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, struktur komunitas stabil. ABSTRACT Cipanas River is one river in West Java where its upstream region in Tampomas Mountain, Sumedang and it is emptied into the Java Sea, Indramayu. The study was aimed to investigate fish diversity in the downstream area of Cipanas River. The study was conducted by survey methods with census data collection techniques, taken place at 3 stations of Santing, Tempalong, and Cemara of Indramayu Regency. The parameters measured consisted water quality and fish assemblages. Water quality was measured referring to standard laboratory protocol, and fish collection was made by case net with different mesh sizes. The results showed that water quality conditions of the Cipanas River downstream was suitable for inhabiting fishes. There were as many as 548 individual fishes caught belonging to 21 species, 16 genera, and 14 families. Fish diversity was categorized as medium with 1.6 ≤ H ’≤ 2.2 indicating fairly good community structure, and the Evenness index was 0.81 ≤ E ≤ 0.86 to show highly evenly distributed. Keywords: Cipanas River, diversity, evenness, stable community structure. INTRODUCTION form of forests, gardens, rice fields and Cipanas River, an approximately 90 settlements. The river water is mainly km length and 416 Km2 river stream area, is functioned for irrigation, fisheries, and used the river where its headwater comes for households demand living along nearby originally from the sub-river watershed in the the river course Sukadi (2007). Tampomas Mountain Area, Buah Dua, In 2016, a dam has been built at the Sumedang across Majalengka and upstream region of Cipanas River covered an Indramayu, and finally emptied into the Java area of 1,378.16 ha. There are 5 inundated Sea Balai Pusat Data dan Informasi villages of Sumedang Regency (Cibubuan, Sumberdaya Air (2017). Cipanas watershed Karanglayung, Ungkal, and Cibuluh Village) is composed by high-lying topography to the and Indramayu Regency (Cikawung Village). deep river valley overlaid with land use in the The lands being covered was largely owned 29 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(1): 29-38 Fish Diversity in The Downstream Region of Cipanas River Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia by Perhutani (National Forest Company) diversity, and only 27% had a positive impact. (962.62 ha), local communities (283.53 ha), Kartamihardja (2008) reported that within 40 and state land (132.01 ha), or by percentage years (1968-2007) after Djuanda Reservoir was 69.84, 20.57, and 9.57%, respectively was inundated there had been a significant Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cimanuk- decreased in species number from 31 species Cisanggarung (2018). The dam is functioned to 18 species. as flood control by reducing 475 m³/sec In connection to the facts above, it is discharges, irrigating 10,500 ha agricultural necessary to study fish diversity in the lands, and raw water supply of 0.50 m³/sec, downstream of Cipanas River after 5 years generating 2.5 Mega Watt electricity, and inundation. The results are expected would be tourism Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cimanuk- important basic data for fisheries resource Cisanggarung (2013, 2018). management in Cipanas River. The operation of Cipanas Dam is threatening fish biodiversity and the MATERIALS AND METHODS sustainability of fishery resource. This is The study was conducted from March to likely, as dam has been constructed without April 2019 where three stations along the taken into account any biological aspects of lower reaches of Cipanas River were inhabiting fishes. In the absence of the established. Fishing and water quality fishway, the dam creates permanent barrier to measurement at each station was completed in migrating potamodromous fishes (the young three replications (Figure 1). born fishes migrate from upstream to Station I is located in the village of downstream, and the adult stage migtares back Santing, Losarang, Indramayu, West Java to the upper river for spawn). Currently, (Coordinates point: 6°22’02” S and 108° Herawati et al. (2020) identified three 08’19” E). Water depth varied between 1 - 1.5 indigenous species in this river, i.e. the butter m, shrubs and flat roads. Station II is located catfish (Ompok bimaculatus), “the locally in the Tempalong of Village, Santing Village, called beureum panon” (Systomus orphoides) Losarang, Indramayu, West Java (Coordinates and Sagor catfish (Hexanematichthys sagor). point: 6°20’19” S and 108°09’10” E). Water In the absence of fishway during dam depth was approximately 2 m with mixed operation is suspected to be significantly substrates between gravel and mud. The plain influential to fish distribution pattern. Widiyati around the river was quite gentle, and densely and Prihadi (2007) stated that the existence of vegetated riverbank. A small dam is found in reservoirs will negatively impact on the middle of the river. Station III is located in biodiversity because the permanent loss of the village of Cemara, Losarang, Indramayu native fish species in response to hydrological (Coordinates point: 6°19’39.4” S and 108° changes and river ecosystems, decreased water 08’41.4” E). Water depth ranged from 2-3 m quality, and hampered the flow of nutrients with mud substrates. Mangrove plants were needed by fish. Craig (2011) reported that in found in the riverbank. 66 cases of the existence of dam in the world, Fish samples were collected using a 73% had a negative impact on fish species case net with mesh size of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 cm. 30 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(1): 29-38 Fish Diversity in The Downstream Region of Cipanas River Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia Figure 1. Map of Research Station at Cipanas River. Water quality parameter measured in situ with the formula (Shannon and Weaner in including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), Odum 1971): pH, and light penetration; temperature, H = - ∑ pi ln pi dissolved oxygen were measured using oxygen Where: meter DO-5510, pH was measured using pH H = Species diversity index meter Hanna, and light penetration was measured using sechi disc. Other parameter such as total suspended solid (TSS), total ni = Number of ith individual dissolved solid (TDS) and chemical oxygen N = Total individual number demand (COD) were analyzed in the Criteria for diversity index: laboratory of Water and Environmental H’ ≤ 1 = Low diversity; Research and Development, Ministry of Public 1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3 = Medium diversity; Works and Public Housing Bandung. The H’ ≥ 3 = High diversity. collected fishes were identified with referred to Kottelat et al. (1993). Sample analysis was Evenness index (Evennes in Odum 1971) conducted at Zoology and Biology Research Evenness index is calculated with the Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, formula: Cibinong, Bogor. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis based on the indices of diversity, evenness, richness index, Explanation : and abundance. E = Evenness index H’ = Species diversity index Species diversity index S = Number of species Fish species diversity index is calculated Criteria for evenness index: 31 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(1): 29-38 Fish Diversity in The Downstream Region of Cipanas River Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia 0 < E < 0,4 = low uniformity, depressed RESULTS AND DISCUSSION community Water Quality 0,4 < E < 0,6 = medium uniformity, unstable Water Quality at Downstream of the community Cipanas River. Table 1 provided results of 0,6 < E < 1,0 = High uniformity, stable physical and chemical characteristics of community water quality conditions. It is all shown that water quality conditions in the downstream Species richness index (Species richness in of Cipanas River was generally in good Odum 1971) quality supporting fish and fisheries, but the Species richness index with formula: residual dissolved at village of Cemara (station 3) and ammonia levels in village of Santing, village of Tempalong, and village Where: of
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