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ulletin of the sheries Research :)ard of Canada

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Fïstieries and Envi Canada

Environment Canada Environnement Canada Service des pêches and Marine Service et des sciences de la mer

cC AA 1 N late 0 e.ev- 41 s s à■ •

/8RA ' e FONT

RUSSIAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

Bulletins of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada are designed to assess and interpret current knowledge in scientific fields pertinent to Canadian fisheries. The Board also publishes the Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada in annual volumes of monthly issues, an Annual Report, and a biennial Review of in- vestigations. The Journal and Bulletins are for sale by Information Canada, Ottawa. Remittances must be in advance, payable in Canadian funds to the order of the Receiver General of Canada. Publications may be consulted at Board establishments located at Ottawa; Nanaimo, Vancouver and West Vancouver, B.C.; Winnipeg, Man.; Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que.; St. Andrews, N.B.; Halifax and Dartmouth, N.S.; and St. John's, Nfld.

Editor and Director of Scientific J. C. STEVENSON, PH.D. Information

Deputy Editor J. WATSON, PH.D.

Associate Editor L. W. BILLINGSLEY, PH.D.

Assistant Editor R. II. WIGMORE, M.SC.

J. CAMP Production/ Documentation G. NEVILLE/MONA SMITH, B.II.SC.

Department of the Environment Fisheries Research Board of Canada Office of the Editor, 116 Lisgar Street Ottawa, Canada KlA OH3 BULLETIN 183

(

Russian-English Dictionary for Students of Fisheries and Aquatic Biology

W. E. Ricker Fisheries Research Board of Canada Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C.

FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Ottawa 1973 z 3

1\1 , c Z

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02KX. KF 708-3-506A Contents

Vll. EDITOR'S FOREWORD

ix PREFACE

2 DICTIONARY

301 INDEX.

422 REFERENCES

V

Editor's Foreword

Over the past forty years, Dr W. E. Ricker has authored well over a hundred publications. This Bulletin is his most recent. His retirement in 1973 coincided with the 75th Anniversary of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, and in tribute to Dr Ricker the Board at its anniversary banquet in Winnipeg on October 24, 1973 presented him with a specially bound volume of this book. Dr Ricker's brilliant career spanned many fields of aquatic science including dynamics of populations, biology and ecology of Pacific , systematics and ecology of aquatic , theory of lake circulation, transplantation of , and development of primary scientific publication. His versatility led him into research administration, in which he served well in numerous senior capacities. His counsel has been sought by fisheries scientists and administrators around the world, and in appreciation of his accomplishments he has received many, honors, including the Gold Medal of the Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada, the Flavelle Medal of the Royal Society of Canada, and the first Award of Excellence given by the American Fisheries Society. One of Dr Ricker's aims has been to improve communication between fisheries scientists of the Soviet Union and the Western World. This book represents a significant milestone towards achieving this aim. Although Bill Ricker has gone through the formality of retirement, anyone who knows him will doubt that he will ever retire. On behalf of his scientific associates and friends all over the world, may I extend to Bill and to his wife Marion our most sincere good wishes for the future.

J. C. Stevenson, Editor and Director of Scientific Information

Preface

This dictionary is meant to be of assistance in translating scientific articles in the field of aquatic biology and the study of fish and fisheries. A shorter pre- decessor (Ricker 1962) has been surprisingly in demand. This more comprehensive compilation is made desirable by the increasing volume of publications from the USSR and by the extension of their and research activities to all the oceans of the world. Definitions have been obtained from a great variety of sources. For the names of fishes, the text volume of "Commercial Fishes of the USSR" (Berg et al. 1949) provided English equivalents of many Russian names. Others were found in Berg's (1949) "Freshwater Fishes," and in works by Nikolsky (1954), Galkin (1958), Borisov and Ovsyannikov (1958), Martinsen (1959), Lindberg et al. (1964), Fomichev (1968), Lebedev et al. (1969), Vakhrusheva (1970), and Rass (1971), among others. Ukrainian fish names sometimes appear in Russian publications; they are listed by Markevich and Korotkin (1954) and some of the commoner ones are included here, as well as a few from other languages of the USSR. Much additional information of this sort is given by Berg (1948-1949), Berg et al. (1949), Klykov (1968), and especially by Lindberg and Heard (1972). For the less familiar organisms Russian usually uses the scientific generic name, in its original form or as a slightly modified transliteration. Most such trans- literations are readily recognizable and have not been included here, but a few are listed, especially when they have acquired Russian modifiers to distinguish in- dividual . There is often a wide choice of English names for a particular fish species. For those that occur in or near temperate and the English name recommended by Bailey et al. (1970) has been used, or has been put first when more than one English name is given. For other parts of the world various sources have been consulted, particularly Wheeler (1969) for northern Europe, Davidson (1972) for the Mediterranean region, Smith (1949) for Africa, Munro (1955) for the , Okada (1966) and Lindberg et al. (1964) for the western Pacific, and Anon. (1968) for commercial fishes generally. For many species no English name was discovered, so I have usually suggested a translation of either the scientific name or the Russian name (frequently the same thing), or occasionally a transliteration of the Russian name. All these are put in quotation marks. Scientific names have been included in order to facilitate identification of each fish. The same sources as listed above have been consulted concerning these, though of course there are numerous disagreements among them. Fortunately the combination of scientific and English names will nearly always make an exact identification possible. However, it has not been possible to cross-check all entries thoroughly, so occasionally the same species may appear under different generic, specific, or English names in different entries. In some cases an ocean or region where a species occurs has been indicated. Names of aquatic other than fishes have been obtained in many places, most of them included in the list of references. The various volumes ix of Zhizn Zhivotnykh - an illustrated review of the kingdom - have been particularly useful; these were made available to me by Dr V. P. Ponomarenko of the Arctic Fisheries Research Institute in Murmansk. Additional names of are from Beklemishev (1952) and Gornostaev (1970). Russian names of water have been checked in Ivanov and Shtegman (1964) and in the glossary of names of birds of the USSR by MacLennan (1958). Many of the Russian names of and aquatic reptiles are from Bannikov et al. (1971), while Conant (1956) provided a check list of English names. Russian names of aquatic plants are mostly from Alekseev et al. (1971) , and I have depended mainly on Fassett (1940) for their English equivalents and for guidance as to what plants should be considered aquatic. Names of fish diseases are mostly from Goreglyad (1955), Lyaiman (1957), and Bauer et al. (1969). A number of limnological terms and names of freshwater animals have been taken from Smirnov's (1955) English-Russian glossary. Terms used in physical oceanography are only sketchily treated here; for these see the glossary by Gorsky and Gorskaya (1957). English equivalents for various specialized terms not available in the reference works consulted have been worked out from the context in the course of making translations. Dr R. E. Foerster of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Nanaimo, B.C. has contributed to this. For terms current in fish population biology the English definitions follow the usage of Ricker (1958); papers by Maslov (1957), Ivlev (1958), Holt (1960), Winberg (1968), Konstantinov (1969), and Denisov (1971) have provided many of the Russian terms. On pages 743-753 of Berg et al. (1949) terms used in the systematic description of fishes and some of the concepts used in fishery biology are defined and illustrated. Dr D. E. McAllister of the National Museum of Canada has contributed most of the osteological definitions. Physiological terms are largely from Winberg (1956). Names for fishing apparatuses and their component parts have been taken from Borisov (1933), Dolbish (1958), and Andreev (1962) for the most part. Many additional local and historical usages are available in the dictionary by Klykov (1968). A few acronyms of major centres of aquatic research have been included; others are listed by Rosenberg (1957). For other contributions or corrections to the word list I am indebted to the following: Dr N. N. Andreev, Mrs Kira Mikhlina, Mrs Frida Milshtein, Mr Yu. B. Ryazantsev, and Dr A. V. Zasosov of the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries and Oceanography in Moscow (VNIRO); Mr L. S. Bogdanov, formerly of VNIRO; Dr K. V. Beklemishev, Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR; Dr D. E. Bevan, Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington; Mr Raymond Dooley, Talkeetna High School, Alaska; Mr B. Goreloff, Bureau for Translations of the Secretary of State of Canada; Dr Viktor Loosanoff, United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Mr C. F. Lytle, Vienna, ; Dr Leo Shapovalov, California Department of Fish and Game; Mr D. A. Sinclair, National Research Council (Canada) ; Dr A. I. Smirnov, Moscow State University; and Dr Nadine Wilson, University of British Columbia. I wish also to express my thanks to Dr A. S. Bogdanov, Director of VNIRO, for his encouragement and for putting at my disposal the facilities of his Institute during 1969.

X It has seemed desirable to indicate the stress of the Russian words as far as possible, since many of them are not especially familiar, even to Russians. For this I have been fortunate in having the assistance of Dr F. D. Mordukhai-Boltovsky of the Institute for Biology of Inland Waters at Borok, and of the late E. D. Gusev of VNIRO. Words without a stress mark have been added recently; for the most part they are transcriptions of scientific terms where pronunciation may be partly a matter of user's choice. Notice that the vowel ë, pronounced yo, always has the principal stress, except in a few compound words where an additional stress is marked. Finally, for the arduous task of typing the various drafts of this glossary I am indebted especially to Mrs Dorothy Gailus, Miss Gertie Keller, Mrs Barbara Korsvoll, and Miss Charlotte van Hemert. The last two also compiled the Index - a lengthy and exacting undertaking. The list of references comprises the sources mentioned above, as well as some aids to translation in related fields contributed by Dr Bevan.

Nanaimo, B.C. W. E. RICKER 1973 Chief Scientist, Fisheries Research Board of Canada

xi DICTIONARY Dictionary

Most of the entries are nouns. Adjectives can often be found under the noun that they modify. However, for a few common words many of the modifiers are listed separately, usually because they can be used separately. These include KOMI), MOJIJIIOCK, rmala, pax, phi6a, X035111CTBO, and tiepsb.

2 A a6Ho'dmeciunI non-biological, physical, physico-chemical a6Hccà.nb abyssal (region) a6Hccà.ubrimil abyssal, abysmal a6Accone,narHaab abys,sopelagic region a6comiTrnan ,u,J1141-1à see gJII4Hà scer6 Téza a6yge4xu4 ■ demoiselle, coral fish (A_budefduf) 6bitudi a. night sergeant (A. taunts) rpsimmil a. "dirty coral fish" (A. sordidus) IISITHACTbel a. "spotted coral fish" (A. notatus) 373Kono.u6chiel a. Waigeu demoiselle (A. vaigiensis) aBeTica 1. stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus); 2. = roaég—,stone loach; 3. globe-flower (Tro//ius) BO,T1,51FiàH a. water dikkop (Burhinus vermiculatus) (Ukr., local) =-2 roaéu—stone loach asnItyasipm avicularia—a beak-like organ of bryozoans aapax hedge hyssop (Gratiola) ascrpoxo6errxc pulangy, inanga (Austrocobitis attenuatus)—a galaxiid fish aBTOXT6HHIDIrl autochthonous, native aremosme poachers, seapoachers, Agonidae aroHomaa "tree-snout " (Agonomalus probosciclialis) arpaxàmca agrakhanka—a shad (it_losa brashndkovi agrachanica) a,ELarrràum see nplunoc06.néH4e à,a3H,&gH = xa,uSira—"kaluga" à3a6ati "azabach"—a stock of late-running, small-sized sockeye in the Kamchatka River (Oncorhynchus nerka asabatsch) àsAme asdic asâmea (Azov region) = mopcxàsi CBHHUI—harbour 60.716-rabiel aeip, TpOCTMIK6BbIll ailp sweet flag (Acorus calamus) àHCT 1. stork; 2. ( delta) = 6e.nophi6llua—inconnu 6éabei a. white stork (Ciconia ciconia) 6eFiràabcmil a. open-mouth stork (Ana,stomus oscitans) 6cobu15fi a. = 6é,nbill a. eBponéficuul a. = 6ézbnI a. leplimei a. black stork (Ciconia nigra) âmcr-pà3pma open-bill stork (Anastomus lamelligerus) àfim = âm—ayu axaffroue4Ja.e3 (or -63) acanthocephalosis—infestation by Acanthocephala axàffrouedpaabi thorny-headed worms, Acanthocephala 3 àic-6aabix

àle-6aabilt (= white fish) 1. (Tatars of Irtysh region) = Héabma—in- connu ; 2. (Azerbaijan) = Kyr3.7m; 3. (Kazakhs of Aral region) = apà.ncxml mcépex—Aral asp àxsaamir aqualung aksav5pHs1 expanse, area (set aside for special use) a. HepecTsiamn spawning area ascsi6a, axes6sca ringed seal (Pheca hispida) aKig114MaTF13à11,H31 1. = npmcnoco6aéme (1) — acclimation; 2. acclimati- zation (establishment of a plant or animal in a new land or new habitat; this may or may not require new adaptation) axponôma fish of the Acropoma griemcxan a. Japanese acropoma (A. japonicum) aNponômosse acropomids, Acropomidae—a family of fishes axpoer acre-foot axcoaerrab axolotl (Ambystoma tigrinum) airrfisHOCTh activity nmuesàg a. see nHueBéti ax-rfumsi sea anemone, actinian, (pl.) Actiniaria (an Order of coelenterates) a. axem6H "grooved anemone" (Anemonia sulcata,) aomaeusail a. "horse anemone" (Actinia equine) Toacropewass a. "large-tentacled anemone" (Urticina crassicornis) ax5r.na L (in general); 2. (Eur.) tope (Galeus vulgaris) (see also

ICSIHMI-aKST.71a, mem0-r- pbf6a, HOW5THIlle) aacTpaenIcscasi nectiàsiass a. "Australian sand shark" (Odontaspis arenarius = Carcheria,s arenarius) amepHicàsicscays ItS/Hbfl a. smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) a. Eq'oprepa (E Asia) "Burger's shark" (Halaelurus bilrgeri) a. BLIb6ema = ocTpopbiaafi a. a. nmaceppax (E Asia) "palasorrah shark" (Scobiodon palasorrah) 6é.rfail a. white shark, man-eater (Carcharodon carcharias) 6e.isonëpasi a. oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) 60.71billà5f. nsrrniscTan a. (Eur.) greater spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus stellaris) 6bigasi a. = porâTan a. BeamicàFicxasi a. = rHrbrremag a. rekcàFixoBan a. = rpe6He3376aH a. re'repoiL6FrrHasi a. = porà -rag a. rHrbrrertasi a. basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) roosy6àsi a. blue shark (Prionace glauca); (pl.) Carcharhinidae rpe6He3ST6asi a. cow shark; (pl.) Hexanchidae rpeluiânacKasi a. = rim-1411as! a. ,rzeabcpAsioBays a. (pl.) = ce.nbAêBan a.(3) ximniophiaafi a. = 6monépass a. Ammrioxecraz cépass a. "long-tailed grey shark" (Negogaleus longicaudatus) ,a,pémime aKSTJIbI Hexanchoidea liCerrag a. lemon shark (Negaprion brevixostris) 4 axÿ.na

3se3A1iaTou.tHnax a. bramble shark, alligator shark (Eclzinorizinus brucus ) 3e6posa5i a . "zebra shark" (Stegosoma tigrinum) 3e6posHAHaH 6bitbR a . striped cat shark (Heterodontus zebra) FiHAHIicxaSi xoiuâTlbx a. (E Asia) cat shark (C1Liloscyllium cholax) xHAHHcxasi cépax a . "Indian grey shark" (CarcharTzinacs gangeticus) xcnoJlHHcxax a . = rHrâHTCxax a . KanHCpopHHf1ctta5i pasAyBâtouqaxcst a . swell shark (CepTzaloscyllium ventriosum = C . uter) KaaxcpopHHHcxast porâTax a . horn shark (Heterodontus francisci = H. californianus ) Ka,aHC~opHKHcxasi cÿnosax a . soupfin shark (Galeorhinus zyopterus) KapnHKOnaR a . "pigmy shark" (Euprotomicrus bispinatus) xaTpâHOSax a . = KonbliaR a. KHTÔSaR a . shark (Rhincodon typus) ; (pl.) Rhincodontidae Kospôaas[ a . cat shark, carpet shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) ; (pl.) carpet , wobbegongs, Orectolobida e Kojttôuax a . 1. (Eur.) spiny dogfish, piked dogfish (Squalus acanthias) ; 2. (E Asia) Mitsukuri's dogfish (S. mitsukurii) ; 3. (pl.) dogfishes, Squalidae ; 4. (S Afr.) = axÿna-xapTâH xoltbliax a. MxuyxÿpK "Mitsukuri's dogfish" (Squalus mitsukurii) xoparxonëpax xo,ntbliaR a. (E Asia) = Ko~bTmx a .(1) xopo-rxopbtjtax Koaib1iax a. "short-snout spiny dogfish" (Squalus brevirostris) xopoTKOxsôcraR cépax a. "short-tailed shark" (Carcharhinus brachyurus ) Koi.uallberojiôsax a . swell shark (Cepkaloscyllium umbratile ) KoLUâtlbH a. 1 . (Eur.) lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canziculus) ; 2. (pl.) catsharks, Scyliorhinida e xoi.uâ,ibx a. ribprepa `Riiraer's catshark" (Halaelurus bürgeri) Ky6idHGKaH K~HbH a . "Cuban leopard shark" (Triakis barbouri) K~HbH a. 1. (E Atl.) smooth hound (Mustelus mustelus) ; 2. (S Afr . ) spotted gullyshark (M. nigropunctatus ) JieoriâpAosax a . 1 . = TxrpSaaR a.; 2. leopard shark (Triakis semi f asciata ) 1iHCbR a. thresher shark, whiptail shark, fox shark (Alopias pelagicus) JI61KHaH K~I-IbH a . (Atl .) false cat shark (Pseaidotriakis microdon) Jtococësax a. (Pac.) salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) . MaaâHCxax a. "Malay shark" (Carcharlcinus menisorrah ) Mânax a. (Eur.) lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus caniculus) MâaaR icojtbqax a. (E Atl ., W Pac.) "lesser spiny dogfish" (Sq2aalus blainvillei) MHOroxcâ6epHax a. 1 . = njtauueHScast a. ; 2. = rpe6Hesÿ6asi a. MoJIOToroJlôsax a . = axyJfa-MbJIOT Hac'roRtuxe axÿjtbi true sharks, Ca.rcharhinidae Ho'qH1H a. night shark (Hypoprion signatus ) 06b1xxoséxHax necqâHax a. sand tiger (Odontaspis taurus = Carcharias taurus ) ocTpo3ÿ6aA KÿHbx a . koro, incense burner (Triakis scyllium) ocTpoHÔcax a . Atlantic sharpnose shark (Scoliodon terrasnovae) ocTpopbfjiax a . sharp-nosed shark, milk shark (Scoliodon walbeehmi) neaarHqecxax a. thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus )

5 alcSraia

nectiàHan a. 1. blue nurse shark (Odontaspis tricuspidatus); 2. sand tiger (Odontaspis taurus); 3. (pl.) sand sharks, Odontaspidae = Carchariidae nmo3S76me an'rabi = cépme axSram nn.TionôcaH a. --- nn.non6c—saw shark manexôcasi a. frill shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus); (pl.) Chlamydoselachidae mocKoroaônasi cemmd.6epnaH a. = naocHoroaônaH rpe6ne3S76—seven- gilled cow shark n7IocKo3S76me am-Sram gummy sharks, Triakidae no.nocâTaH KonpeinaH a. zebra shark (Stegosoma fasciatum) noaocà.TaH KS/Hbil a. ---- OCTp036a51 KS/Hbg a. nomipnaH a. (Somniosus microcephalus) nopTyràabeicasi a. "Portugal shark" (Centroscymnus coelolepis) npHmop6Tme aKSram D alatiidae nymfficTaH a. (Aust.) "spotted wobbegong" (Orectolobus maculatus) nymnk-rasi KomâlibH a. "blackmouth catshark" (Pristiurus melanostomus) paafflà.ioLuasicH a. swell shark (Cephaloscyllium ventricosum) pa3no3Si6aH a. = poriTaH a. pfuponaH a. (Pac.) "reef shark" (Triaenodon obesus.) poriTan a. 1. (Pac.) horn shark (Heterodontus francisci); 2. (Aust.) Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portus); 3. (Jap.) = umpoKonoecaH 61;itibH a.; 4. (pl.) horn sharks, Heterodontidae crie.rAmayi a. "luminous shark" (Isistius brasiliensis) ce.nb,enaH a. 1. (Atl.) shark, porbeagle (Lamna cornubica); 2. (Pac.) salmon shark (L. ditropis); a. (pl.) mackerel sharks, Lamnidae; 4. = cepo-roay6à2 a. cemmità6epnasi a. sevengill shark (Heptranchias perlo) cépan a. 1. (E Atl.) tope (Galeorhinus galeus); 2. "Milbert's shark" (Carcharhinus milberti) cépaH 1(3411)SI a. Japanese gray smoothhound (11Iustelus griseus) cepo-roay6à51 cem,n,ënaH a. shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrhynchus I. glaucus) cépme alCST.71bI requiem sharks, gray sharks, Carcharhinidae ClbiRSI a. blue shark (Prionace glauca) cSinonaH a. 1. soupfin shark, tope (Galeorhinus galeus); 2. other species of Galeorhinus Tëmnasî a. requin, "dusky shark" (Odontaspis obscurus = Carcharias obscurus) THrpeinasi a. tiger shark (Galeocerdo arcticus, G. cuvieri) TpixooKeâncicasi nomipnaH a. Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus) nixooKeàficKaH ceab,enaH a. salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) TynopbfaaH a. bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) ymoroaônaH cemmà6epHafi a. = ymoroaônhifi rpe6m3S/6— sevengill shark ysKonoaôcan 6binbsi a. striped cat-shark (Heterodontus zebra.) ycà.TaH a. nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) Héprma Kombnaa a. (E Atl.) spinax shark (Spinax spinax) Heplionôcan a. blacknose shark (Cctrcharhinus acronotus) neprionëpaH a. blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) nepHoperrafl KoLubmg a. -,- 11SITHACTaH KOIllâtibSi a.

6 axaa

tiepriopbbafl a. = maw) inecrawà6epnasi a. sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus) umpoxonoz6cayi 6b1tuDyx a. "Japanese bullhead shark" (Heterodontus japonicus) unipolcop&rafl a. "broadmouth shark" (Carcharhinus sorrah) HnenicKaR 6eaorabayi a. "Japanese white-eyed shark" (Carcharias japonicusl 51116FICKa51 6opoerasi a. = yinâncleasi xonp6Basi a. yinônercaH 6b14b51 a. = umpm,conoin5can 6billbsx a. smenicieas1 Konp6Bas1 a. fringe shark (Orectolobus japonicus) Hruhicicafl Kouiàqbyi a. tiger shark (Hataelurus rudis) smônexasi KSTHIDSI a. Japanese smooth hound, star-spotted shark, gummy shark (Mustelus manazo) smenicicafl cynonàH a. "Japanese soupfin shark" (Galeorhinus japonicus) aKSTaa-aaam*rop = nesagaTouninag a. aKSTaa-6bnc = Tynoinfaasi a. aK3Malr,omonedi goblin shark (Scapanorhynchus owstoni)

aicSraa - }capTân (Afr.) "southern spiny dogfish", pen haai (Squalus fernandinus)

aKSTna - K6unca = ream a. aieST,na -amcAua thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) aK3'nia-diercbsi aelcbsi-aK7.7m—pelagic thresher shark aicSula-mopkoé,g 1. = roayMa a.; 2. = 6édiail a. aKSFora-màmo = màxo—mako

aKSraa - m6aoT smooth hammerhead (shark) (Sphyrna zygaena)

a. - m. B,716,ca arrow-headed hammerhead shark (S. blochii) rnriErreicas a.-m. "giant hammerhead shark" (S. mokarran)

aicSnia -idniKa nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) axSnia-ramoni5c = muou6c—saw shark axSraa-unnoxnôc-r = IliITHÙCTa31 K0111à111D51 aitSraa

auSraa - conxa (Afr.) "dog shark" (Scobiocion terae-novde)

aK3Ma -Toabo () tollo shark ( Must elus sp.) aicyaoo60.3Hme Elasmobranchii, sharks and rays (a Class of vertebrates) al(SrabI sharks, Selachii ,apénnne a. Suborder Hexanchoidei riacrou_Ine a. Suborder Selachoidei porâTbie a. Suborder Heterodontoidei aleSizbg pem6pa remora, sharksucker (Remora remora) aaa6aabc "alabalakh" (a river form of Sevan trout—Saimo ischchae)

aa5.6yra (Kirgiz) = róJIbIi ocmân —scaleless osman adramân alaman—a kind of pelagic seine with tapered wings, and pursing rings along the middle part of the lead line, used on the

7 aalâpxa a,nâpHSt wing kelp, Alaria adIauia alasha (SarcLinella aurita)-a tropical anéKTHc Alectis-a genus of carangid fishes acppHKâHCKHH a. African (A. crinitus) A.nHHHOnëpblH a. "longfin Alectis" (A. ciliaris) aaenxsâsp lancetfish (Alepisaurus) KopOTKOpbiJlblIi a. shortnose lancetfish (A. brevirostris) JIIÔTbIii a. longnose lancetfish (A. ferox) césepxbIH a. northern handsawfish (A. borealis) a.nenlasâspoable lancetfishes, Alepisauridae adIeT squaretail (Tetragonurus) 6oJIbIIIerJIâ8bIIi a. (Atl.) bigeye squaretail (T. atlanticus) Klflsbepos a. (Pac.) smalleye squaretail (T. cuvieri) a.neTOSble squaretails, Tetragonuridae (often included in Stromateidae) ajijiKrâTop alligator, (pl.) Alligatoridae KHTâHCxKH a. Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) MYICCxCI3IICKHH a. American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) aJJIOXTÔHHbIIi allochthonous, foreign adIÔSa, ajiôca (Eur.) ( alosa) tiepnoMbpcxaH a. " allis shad" (A. a. bulgarica) adIb6aK6p 1. albacore, long-finned (Thunnus alalunga) ; 2. = 1KeJiTonëpbIl3 TyHéI;-yellowfin tuna ajIb6aTp6c albatross (Diomecla) 6eaOCnIIHHbIK a. Steller's or short-tailed albatross (D. albatros) j[bÎMTIaTbIÎI a. sooty albatross (Phoebetria fusca) KopoJlësbIH a. royal albatross (D. epomorpha) CepâIlCTSyIOUAHH a. wandering albatross (D. exsulans) TeMHOCIIIIHHbIIi a. Laysan albatross (D. immutabilis) ,qepHOHÔrHH a. black-footed albatross (D. nigripes) a.nb6aTp6ccxsl "albatross rattail" (Coryphaenoides pectoralis) âdIb6yjIa = â.nb6ya5i ajIb6ÿJlesble bonefishes, Albulidae âjtb6yJi5l bonefish (Albula vulpes) adIbrojiôrxx algology aJIbRposâHKx nysbipr-IaTast " bladderwort" (Aldrovania vesiculosa) adlbuKxT (W Pac.) "moosehorn sculpin" (Alcichthys alcicornis) aMaAaH "'Japanese " ( japonicus) aM6f4cTOMa (Am.) , (pl.) Ambystomidae xpoTOSHRIIasI a. mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) MpâMOpnax a. marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum) oJIHMnAHCxaH a. Olympic salamander (Rhyacotriton olympicus) nHTHI%ICTaH a. spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) TKrpôsasl a. tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigri,num) Tl3xooxeâHCxast a. "Pacific salamander" (Dicamptodon ensatus)

8 am6aoHJIHTee arenormerrec rock bass (Ambloplit es rupestris) àm6pa 1. ambergris; 2. fragrance amë6a Amo eba, (pl.) Amoebidae ammba amylase âMPISI bowf in, dogfish (Amia calva) ammoxpeinTa (N Am.) .Ammocrypta—a genus of darters ammoHHT ammonite—an extinct shell-bearing of amSro 1. an east Asian river; 2. = 6é.nbnI a.; 3. (rarely) = HëpHipik a. ôéabiii a. grass , Chinese carp, white amur (Ct enopharyng oclon ide lia) HëpHbol a. black carp, black amur (lgylopharyng odon piceus) amclA615H amphibians, Amphibia; (sing.) , batrachian 6esHônie a. Apoda, Gymnophiona, sirenians 6e3m3blinime a. Aglossa 6eexH6cTbie a. Anura, and toads XBOCTIeTbIe a. Urodela or Caudata, nsiDfIlHbIe a. Phaneroglossa amci)H61IiIHmil amphibious amolnincig amphipod, side-swimmer; (pl.) (an Order of ) amcininpHoH "anemone fish" (Amphiprion)

amclumpHoH - KaoyEl "clownfish" (Amphiprion percula) amdm4Srma (N Am.) Congo eel, amphiuma (Amphiuma means) —a kind of salamander; (pl.) Amphiumidae àBa6ac climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) arleéria Anabaena (a blue-green alga) aHa6HouéHo3 "anabiocoenosis"—a biocoenosis that contains only organisms in a dormant condition aHax6HAa anaconda (Eunectes murinus) allà.71bHIDIii anal a-Han narnbaa anal a-Hoe oTsépeTHe anal opening., anus àHrea 1. angel; 2. angelfish; 3. angel shark rodiy6611 a. blue angelfish (Holacanthus bermudensis) HmriepaT6pcnig a. emperor angelfish (Pomacanthus imperat or) Kamickopmblexpill mopcx611 a. Pacific angel shark (S quatina calif ornica) mopcxenI a. 1. (E Atl.) monkfish (Squatina squatin,a) ; 2. (W Atl.) Atlantic angel shark (S. clumerili) ; 3. (Pac.) Pacific angel shark (S. calif ornica) ; 4. (pl.) angel sharks (Squatinidae) mpâmoprimil a. "marbled anger—a form of Pterophyllum scalar e , an fish TëMHbIÇI mopcx611 a. "black angel shark" (Squcitina nebulosa)

9 àHrez

51116HCK1,111 mopcic6fi a. Japanese angel shark, change shark, canopy shark (Sguatina japonica) antkpyra (Eur.) andruga ( soufia) aHe.idiAbi = arniedni,zkm aHemem anemia, anaemia aaoxàliec-rHeHHaH mHxpocHopHAH63Hasi a. Kapri6H malignant microsporidial anaemia of carp—caused by Myxobolus cyprini HH4exum6HHayi a. ctlopéaeil infectious anaemia of trout aHem6Ha wind-flower, anemone (Anemone) mopexam a. sea-anemone, (pl.) Actiniaria (an Order of coelenterates) armezimm , true worms, Annelida (a Phylum of worms) aHoa anoa, Celebes buffalo (Bubalus depressicornis) aHormonâma = STroaHaff pe6a — sab1efish, blackcoel aHormon6moHme sablefishes, Anoplopomatidae aHormirr Mexican cave fish (Anoptichthys jordcaii) aHocT6moHme (S Am.) headstanders, Anostomidae—characinoid fishes, including small aquarium species aHOT6nTepoBbIe Anotopteridae aureaHlubHbifi pre-anal

a - Hoe paccroshme distance from end of snout to the insertion of the anal fin anTeRopcàablibei predorsal

a - Hoe paccTosiHHe preclorsal distance, distance from end of .snout to the insertion of the , measured in a straight line àwrxac (IAT Atl.) crimson bass (Anthias a,sperilinguis) aHTHrormH deepbody boarfish (Antigonia capros) aHTHme■pa longfin (Antimora rostrata,) aHTHrioAoKôrryc (N.Z.) Galathea sculpin (Antipodocottus galathea4 aHT03614 Anthozoa, Actinozoa (an Order of corals) awrponoreH Anthropogene—the period of the earth'S history during which man has had a major influence on biota and geography aluttéabwisi Ahnfeltia (a red alga used as a source of agar) aminira darter, water-turkey (Anhiniga) auxosHéma anchoviella (Anchoviella commersoniii, etc.) atitx6a an of the genus Anchoa o6bncHoHéHHaH a. bay anchovy (A. mitchilli) no.nocaTag a. striped anchovy (A. hepsetus) awloséTa 1. anchoveta, Panama anchovy (Cetengraulis mysticetus); 2. = nepyaHexHil aliqôyc 6éaasi a. (Peru) "white anchoveta" (Anchoa nasus) aHtlôyc 1. anchovy (any species of Engraulis) ; 2. esponéficKmI a. (see also xamc.à) ; 3. (pl.) , Engraulidae ascrpamIticitHil a. Australian anchovy (E. australis)

10 aHeyc

a36ncitHil a. Azov anchovy (E. enerasieholus maeoticus) aprarrAucrenel a. Argentine anchovy (E. anehoita) altpuxàricicier a. African anchovy E. hepsetus)

,iIaablieBOCT6 11HbIel •a. 511161-ICKIIR a. enpcmélIcKug a. (Eur.) anchovy (E. enerasieholus) KaancbolomitIciemil a. northern anchovy (E. mordax) Icâncranl a. (S Afr.) Cape anchovy (E. eapensis) mexcHKàFicKuti a. 1. = Kaancl)oprefficia,n1 a.; 2. = armonéTa(1) nepyàFicitml a. Peruvian anchovy, anchoveta (E. ringens)

cneTsim,Hecg a - cm lanternfishes, Myctophidae cenepoaTaarrrAtiecxmI a. North Atlantic anchovy (E. enerasicholus septentrionalis) cpe,an3emnomôpCKHII a. Mediterranean anchovy (E. e. mediterraneus) Ilepnomeipcianl a. Black Sea anchovy (E. e. pontieus) roxffloaTaaffrùqecKm1 a. South Atlantic anchovy (E. e. meridionalis) 31116HCKIel a. (E. japonieus) antioycoBbIe anchovies, Engraulidae anneanmr upweLling aneonockn orange mopcxédi a. sea orange (Tethya aurantium)—a sponge an1o3omôs Kapnôs apiosomosis—a skin disease of cyprinids caused by the peritrichian infusorian Apiosoma and related genera annnoxieron Aplochiton—a South American genus of salmonoid fishes anorox cardinalfish (Apogon, etc.) ancipamecKaià a. "Australian cardinalfish" (.Apogon eonspersus) mutedlucHil a. Indian perch (Apogan lineatus) Kpyr.noTé.inpnl a. "round cardinalfish" (Sphaeramia orbicu/aris) nallocàTmii a. "striped cardinalfish" (Cheilodipterus lineatus) MITHJII-MéfilibIfl a. "five,lined cardinalfish" (Cheilodipterus quinguelineatus) cpeAn3emnom6pcKei a. "Mediterranean cardinalfish" (Apogon inernvis) Tewfflonëpmii a. "dusky-finned cardinalfish" (Apogon nigripes) Temnonoaôcmil a. "black-banded cardinalfish" (Apogon semiurnatus) TOHKI;IHCK1411 a. "Tonkin cardinalfish" (A.pogon ellioti) anoronnrr Apogonichthys—a genus of cardinalfishes rabgaTmil a. "eye-spot cardinalfish" (A. ocellatus) anorônonme cardinalfishes, Apogonidae annapâT apparatus, device (the three below are all used for incubating fish eggs) a. cncTéma 10mérnto Yushchenko apparatus a. Cpc-rpiina Seth Green apparatus a. 4amix6na Chalikov apparatus annen,anxyasIpm appendicularian; (pl.) Appendicularia (a Class of ) annmità.Ta (math.) Z-coordinate, Z-axis annpoiccHmApyemocTb approximability

11 àpa6a14

àpa6ati arabach—a stock of small sockeye found in the Kamchatka River (Onoorhynchus nerka arabatsch) apanaHa (S Am.) arabana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) apanaHoBbie "bony-tongues", Osteoglossidae—a family of fishes apâma limpkin (Arama guarauna)—a marsh apanerma (S Am.) arapaima (Arapaima gigas) apreirrima argentine, (Argentina) poaocâTan a. "Japanese argentine" (A. semifasciala) cesepoaTaarrrilliecKasi a. Atlantic argentine (A. silus) THxooKeàricKayi a. Pacifie argentine (A. sialis) aproesT paper nautilus (Argonauta argo) apryes argulosis, infestation by the branchiuran. parasite Argulus, the "fish louse" apryc (Indian O.) "argus-fish" (Scatophagus argus) aprycoBbie —a family of spiny-rayed fishes apeàa, apeLl pacnpocTpailémi range, distribution (of an organism) liar-Simile a. foraging area, feeding range apemca (E Pac.) flatiron herring (Harengula, thrissina) àpx4eBbie sea catfishes, Ariidae àpmytc Arius—a genus of sea catfishes (see also 6a6yKaH) a. gyccyymépH Dussumier's catfish (A. dussumieri) 6e33Y6b1t a. "toothless catfish" (A. jatius) rpaimpôsaimmil a. "sculptured catfish" (A. caelatus) xlIIHHOSiCbIR a. "long--whiskered catfish" (A. nenga) ucneugpeimmei a. "figured catfish" (A. venosus) acno,nÉnicunI a. giant catfish (A. thalassinus) icopoTxolieichifi a. shortnose catfish (A. subrostratus) maaoraà3bifi a. small-eyed catfish (A. jella) IIAJIbtlaTbIel a. "serrate catfish" (A. serratus) IISITIACTbIll a. spotted caifish (A. maculatus) cepnoseffluil a. "saber catfish" (A. falcarius) cympalmbier a. dusky catfish (A. sona,) àpxa a clam of the Family Arciidae Bseran a. "swollen Arca" (Andura broughtoni) apicaiia (Aust.) "eared boxfish" (Arcana aurita) apxaHompie Arcanidae—a family of primitive boxfishes aplatocimna pÉutas1 "red tundra grass" (Arctophila fulva) apHora6cc Arnoglossus—a genus of lefteye a. Réccaepa "Kessler's scaldfish" (A. kessleri) esponéPcxel a. scaldfish (A. laterna) HososezàrucxHil a. "New Zealand scaldfish" (A. scaphus) apOHHHK arum (Arum) appùn, appilnyc Arripis 6oabluôei a. = asc-rpaaAticicHil a6cocb—Australian salmon MàJIbIII a. = appùnyc-ëpmb 12 appAnyc-ëplu

appAnyc - ëpiu (Aust.) ruff, Australian ruff (Arripis georgianus) apTé,anéalayc a sculpin of the genus Artediellus (see also xpiouxopôr) a. 6épinironcKinl hamecon, Bering sculpin (A. scaber beringicteus) a. ,L(bi,rigimosa "Dydymov's sculpin" (A. dydymovi) a. THX0 0 KeàliCKHel Pacifie sculpin (A. pacificus) acKoTopalin,aa ascothoracid; (pl.) Ascothoracida (an Order of crustaceans) aciecninbiaym Ascophyllunt (a sea-weed) y3JIosâTbit,1 a. knotted wrack (A. nodosum) acnn,Liodiopônixec alligatorfish (Aspidopho' roides monopterygius) acnpe,rionme Aspredinidae = Bunocephalidae—a family of South American catfishes acupoKoTryc "Baikal rough sculpin" (Asprocottus gibbosus) accopTliméer distribution, frequency distribution pasmépiibik a. size distribution acTnanaicc Astyanax—a genus of characid fishes mexclikanciaill a. Mexican tetra (A. mexicanits) àc-rpa aster, michaelmas daisy (Aster) acTp OHé CT = oduwo3y6 —snagg1etooth ascidian, sea-squirt ; (pl.) (a Class of chordates) aTenea ruddy shelduck (Casarca ferruginea) aTmeon false grenadier (Ateleopus)—a genus of deepsea bottomfishes aTene■nonme Ateleopidae aTepillia, aTepenuca atheriiie, silverside, sand smelt ; (pl.) Atherinidae apreirrinicKan a. Argentine atherinid (Odonthestes argentinensis) a. canin,éininxa sand-smelt, priest (Atherina presbyter) xamicliopiddickan a. jacksmelt (Atherieopsis calif orniensis) xacruificKaa a. "Caspian silverside" (Atherina mochon caspia) KFITàfiCKel a. "Chinese silverside" (Atherina bleekeri) icopffimesan a. "Bonaparte's silverside" (Atherina bonapartei) Kopioluxosimian a. = icamicliopidelciean a. gepliomôpckan a. Black Sea silverside (Atherina mochon pontica) nntniciean a. Japanese silverside (A.therion elymus) aTepiina - rpSninon California grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) aTepfnia - Hao "Natal silverside" (Iso natalensis) aTepffilicoubie, aTepeniosbie silversides, sand smelts, Atherinidae kraanTHHP0 AtlantNIRO—Amarriltiecxxii ilaSitmo - iiccae,rionàreabciadi mopcero pi;i6lioro Xoaersa u Omealiorpadinn (Kainnimirpa,a) aTononnncrep Atopomycterus—a genus of porcupinefishes œrponyc atropus (Atropus atropus)—a percoid fish àTyx (S Afr.) snoek (Thyrsites atun) 13 aSnœnc aSnœnc, aSiKcH,im frigate mackerel (Auxis thazard, A. tapeinosoma, A. mary) ay.aelica long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) ay.Tion yellowfin Aubopus (Aulopus nanae) ayaononme Aulopidae—a family of fishes ay.nopinixonbie tubesnouts, Aulorhynchidae—a family of fishes, often included in Gasterosteidae aypà.Ta gilthead (Sparus aurata) aypéansi common (Aurelia aurita) aypmcyasipm auricularia—a larval stage of echinoderms aycrpor.nocc "South African ", tong (Austroglossus pectoralis and A. microlepis) ayr6pé,mbia outbred àyxa, ayxà Chinese bass, mandarin fish (Siniperca chua-tsi) aiiminina bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) HFIAAPCKa.51 a. Indian bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) acimocemnon A.phyosemion—an African genus of cyprinodonts aeuogeponbie pirate perches, Aphredoderidae axàa, axalia a large-meshed net used to catch sturgeon on the Volga and Amur Rivers 6eJiSrxtbH a. beluga sturgeon gill net àro (Jap.) ayu, sweetfish (Plecoylottis altivelis)

14 B

6à6a - wrilga (old-world) white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) 6à6a-pÉl6a 1. "haitej sculpin" (lffesocottus haite,i); 2. (European freshwater) sculpin (Cottus ); 3. any sculpin 6a6éu (Ukr.) = no,Temennuix(2)—sculpin (in general) 6. 6apmicTon6rnil = nëcrpow5rail no,tryàmerm.unc- "spotted sculpin"

6a6é1 - ro.nosàu (Ukr.) = noRicàmeHnum (1) —sculpin (Cottus gobio) 6à6xa 1. midwife; 2. monkey; 3. "monkey goby" (Neogobius fluviatilus); 4. "toad goby" (Mesogobius batrachocephalus); 5. weight, ram (of a pile-driver); 6. dragonfly of the family Corduliidae 3eaëlian 6. Cordulia aenea

6 à6 otima (Danube region) = nacyn3à—roaeh 6à6otaiaua moth fly; (pl.) Psychodidae 6. o61naionénnaz "common moth fly" (Psychoda phalerata) 6a637Kaa "sagor catfish" (Arius sagor) 6arapnenbie Sisoridae—a family of catfishes 6arapHfi Bagarius—a genus of sisorid catfishes IntrginIclan1 6. Indian Bagarius (B. bagarius) 6àrryp Danish seine () 6arpsimca 1. whelk; 2. a red alga; (pl.) Rhodophyceae, red 061DIKHOBéHHart 6. "common whelk" (Murex brandaris) ycetibniasi 6. "truncate whelk" (Murex trunculus) 6arSrabHIIK 60J16THIDIR Labrador tea (Ledum palustre) 6a.irsc Badis—a genus of freshwater fishes of SE Asia

6aAsira = npecHo36,man rSi6Ka — freshwater sponge 6à3a 1. base; 2. basis; 3. supply Kopmosàfl 6. food supply, nutritive base ("what can be eaten by fish" —Borutsky, 1959) cbipbenàfl 6. 1. raw material; 2. supply (of fish), "the quantity of fish, of one or more than one species, available to a particular kind of fishery in a particular region" (Maslov)--compare cTà,go, sanàc 6a3àp 1. market; 2. colony (of animals) nTilludi 6. (nesting) colony of birds, rookery 6a3minurr (S Am.) pejerrey, kingfish (Basilichthys) 6a3nnTepnrôn,masi (KocTb) basipterygoid (bone) 6 aaaccpeea,a3afl (Kocrb) basisphenoid (bone)

6arma -Temproliamca an open boat, with sail, used for fishing- about 6 metres long 6alcaàli cormorant, shag (Phalacrocorax) 6épniiroa 6. pelagic cormorant, pelagic shag (Pluilacrocorax pelagicus) 15 6aicaki

61Dabuin 6. common cormor ant (Phalacrocorax carbo) raaanàroccniti 6. Galapagos cormorant (Nannopterum harrisi) aPnir0x1:5cbitl 6. shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) KpacHomiubuI 6. bare-faced cormorant, red-faced cormorant (Phalacrocoram mile) màabrei 6. pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocora,x pygmaeus) maTepuitômel 6oabal6ri 6. Chinese cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) mopcKbfi 6. = 6 OJHDILI6 ti 6. OKeLICKHR 6. = RJIHHHOFIC■CLIII 6. otiKôBbiii 6. Pallas's cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus) crémepos 6. = otwelsbul 6. yccypTielcmU 6. Temmincles cormorant (Phalacrocorax filamentosus P. capillatus) X OXJ1àTbei 6. = ,I(.711,1HHOH6 Cblil 6.

6a1alki - Sruca (S Caspian) = 6oabuE514 Kpoxàab-goosan.der 6amàyx reed grass (Phalaris arundinacea) 6améenca = ymérixn-bleak 6aaam3rr (Black Sea) = maxpéab-mackerel (in spring) 6aaaHor.m5cc Balanoglossus and related genera 6aaàxyc = 6aasixyc---- 6aa6épa net float macle from bark of black poplar (ocoKeipb) 6aeràfi, 6aaëcàn "Kosogol grayling" (Thymallus nigrescens) 6aamm (Carpathian region) -= meépex-asp 6am 1. unit of wind velocity (Beaufort scale); 2. any conventional scale, usually one with 10 divisions; 3. index 6aaa maipHocrx no Tecrepy degree of fatness on Tester's scale 61.7m no lip 03 opeiscKofi Prozorovskaya's conventional scale for designating the number of eggs remaining in a partly-spawned fish 1151Tb nJITIOB wind force 5 cpé,armii 6. mean index yeemibnI 6. arbitrary unit, conventional index BadrrFIVIPO BaltNIRO-BazrAiTecKHR HaSnum-Hccae,gonâTeabcrale 1411CTHT9T mopcxôro 1:11I6H0r0 X03eICTBa H Oiceanorpà.eia (Para) 6a,Tabe 1. baleek- (especially the back portion), usually lightly salted and/or smoked; 2. a word meaning fish in various Turkic languages (Berg, pp. 182, 242, 303)-see KpàcKa-617dac, Ki431ia-61711;ix, alc-6aa1w, etc. 6aabncodma dried fish 6aamti6K lightly smoked and dried sturgeon 6aasixyc 1. acorn barnacle, especially those of the genus Balainus; 2. any barnacle 6apanx 1. drum; 2. drum (of a winch); 3. reel (for angling) 6apa6âinnmx drummer mopcx6i1 6. (W Atl.) black drum (Pogonias cromis)-a sciaenid fish petaaM 6. (N Am.) freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens)

16 6apa6Sramca

6apa63'rabka or 6apa6Siasi 1. goatfish, surmullet, (pl.) 1VIullidae; 2. = 6apa6Srafl KpâcHaa; 3. (Indian O.) Upeneus vittatus, U. tragula; 4. (E Asia.) "blachstripe goatfish" (Parupeneus barberinus) KpacHaa 6. (Eurasia) surmullet, red mullet, striped mullet, goatfish, gurnet (Mullus barbatus, M. surmuletus) KpacHo6p}bxaa 6. (W Pac.) red-breasted goatfish (Upeneus bensasi) o6buffloséHHaH 6. = xpàcHaH 6. no.nocâTan 6. = xpâcHasi 6. gepHom6pcicau 6. Black Sea surmullet (Mullus barbatus ponticus) HuoHom6pcKan 6. Sea goatfish (Parupeneus spilurus)

6apa6S7.71H - Ko3é.n a poisonous surmullet of Africa (Upeneus prayensis) 6apaeyra (Aust.) barracouta. (Leionura atun) 6apâmeic = 6eicàc—snipe 6ap6éHa = Kpàcuaa 6apa6Sramea—surmullet

6ap6oypAcHs Barbourisia rufa—a deepwater fish 6ap6y,uo beardfish (Polymixia) 06bIKHOBéHHan 6. common beardfish (P. nobilis) 5in6Hcxmk 6. Japanese beardfish (P. japonica) 6ap6SiaLKa = 6apa6Srabica 6ap6S,HH, 6ap6S7HbKa (Black Sea) = gepHom6pcKaH 6apa6STab1ca 6âpry3HH (Baikal) a strong northeast wind 6apilai-m-6wia rajamas, Indian trout (Barilius bola) 6apmku (Baikal) common lake amphipod (Gammarus lacustris) 6appaK7,rta barracuda (Sphyraen,a) 6cmhiuàyi 6. great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) xoponeoriëpan 6. (Aust.) snook (Australuzza novaehollandiae) xpâcHau 6. (W Pac.) rdd. barracuda, Good salmon (Sphyraena piv,guis) meaxollein3"TilHan 6. "small -scaled barracuda" (Sphyraena sphyraena) no.nocà-ram 6. banded barracuda, Indian barracuda (Sphyraena jello) cepe6pùcTan 6. Pacifie barracuda (Sphyraena argentea) THxooKeàHcKaH 6. = cepe6peieraH 6. strkorAvran noaocâTaH 6. poison barracuda (Sphyraena picuda) Hu6HcKa 1 6. (E Asia) Japanese barracuda (Sphyraena japonica) 6appaKS/Rosue barracudas, Sphyraenidae 6appalc9rra snoek, barracouta (Thyrsites atun) 6appamSTH,LLa barramunda, Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) 6accél1H watershed, basin 5accorArac deepsea brotula (Bassogigas) 6. Bpibca (Antarctic) Bruce's brotula (B. brucei) r.11y6oKOMAHMII 6. (Atl.) profundal brotula (B. profundissimus) 6aT (Kamchatka) dugout canoe

6a.TaabFuma = TpbccréHHaH ceTb —trammel net 6aTaTa ocean whitefish (Caulolatilus princeps) 6aTaaaleo Bathylaco nigricans

17 6a.rmaKoBbie

6aTmaKosme Bathylaconidae—a family of deepi,vater fishes 6à..rmaab bathyal (region), deepwater region 6annanpoBbie Bathysauridae—a family of deepwater bottom fishes 6aTmemnéesme —a family of deepwater fishes 6aTHer deepsea smelt (Bathylagus) Kaamcl)opnifilcmil 6. California smoothtongue (Bathylagus stilbius) 6aTFmàronme deepsea smelts, Bathylagidae 6aTmmâc-rep ronquil; (pl.) Bathymasteridae 6. ,Uerilbrmfia = 115ITHeICTbIll 6. nsrunk-rmil 6. "Deryugin's ronquir (Bathymaster derjugini) césepnbril 6. northern ronquil (Ronguilus jordani) 6aTmec-reposme ronquils, Bathymasteridae 6anmeaarmàab bathypelagic region, bathypelagial 6anirrrep Bathypterois atricolor 6aTHrrrepoBbie Bathypteroidae—a family of deepwater fishes 6aTaatiox foxtail grass (Alopecurus) 6a-roituu Bat hophilus—a genus of deepsea melanostomiatid fishes tiëplibnI 6. black bathophil (B. ater) 6a-rpaxoeme toadfishes, Batrachoididae

6âTrep4)mul, 6à-rrep - (1)Hui 1. butterfish (Peprilus); 2. = crpomaTék 6éabill 6. harvestfish (P. alepidotus) cépmei 6. butterfish (P. triacanthus) THX00KeàFICKHei 6. Pacific pompano (P. simillimus)

6àya = mcooKancicaa ràra —Pacific eider 6axonà,ao (W Atl.) jolthead porgy (Calamus bajonado) 6arràx a form of the Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan): consists of a summer (aéninii) and winter (3ffimillii) race or population 6aunta jowl (of a fish) 6auncaéllita (Middle Volga) = ymeaca—bleak 6,gem(53 infestation by leeches 6erem(Yr hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) icâpamebBbill or .uN6epediciairi 6. dwarf hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) 6éray "Sevan " (Barbus goktschaicus) 6erynôfc cream-coloured courser (Cursorius cursor) 6eesp6 1. femur; 2. thigh; 3. hip 6e3e6e,be, 6eseôgriocrb drought, lack of rain 6e33S76Ka Anodonta (a freshwater mussel); (pl.) Anodontidae 6. BSua (E Asia) -Wood's Anodonta (Anodonta woodiaea) KambcKayi 6. "Caucasian Anodonta" (Anodonta cyrea) o6mmosérniasi 6. (Eur.) swan mussel (Anodonta cygnaea)

18 6e3aÿ6xa

C36AmaTax 6 . (E Asia) "arched Anodonta" (Anodonta arcaeformis) ÿ3Ka5l 6. (Eur.) "narrow Anodonta" (Pseudanodonta complanata) 6e3H6rHH legless, apodal (esp. of amphibians ) 6e3nëpblK lacking paired fins 6e3no3BOx61IHbIK = 6ecno3BOH6tIHbIft- 6e3pa3MépHblIi (math .) without dimension s 6-HaSI eZ[HH A I(a dimensionless unit 6e3pb16be lack of fish 6e3,ieIUyHHbIK scaleless, naked (of fish ) 6eltâc 1 . any snipe (see also râpnlHen, AÿnedIb) ; 2. = o6bIKHOB2HHbIIÎ 6 . a3HâTcKKi3 6 . pintail snipe (Capella stenura ) MopcKÔH 6 . 1 . longspine snipefish, (Macrorliamphosus scolopax), (pl.) = 6eKâcoBble ; 2. (Black Sea) = caprâH- o6bIKHOBéHHbIIi 6 . (Eur.) snipe, (Am .) Wilson's snipe (Capella gallinago) naTarÔHCKHIi I[BeTHÔii 6 . "Patagonian painted snipe " (Nyctricrypkes semicollaris ) nodIOCâTbiH MopcKSH 6. "Australian snipefish" (Centriscops obliq2czcs) uBeTHÔH 6. painted snipe (Rostratula benghalensis ) xnôHCKHK 6. Latham's snipe (Capella harwiclci) SInÔHCKHIi MopcKÔH 6 . egret-piper, "Japanese snipefish" (Macrorhamphosus japonicus ) 6eIi1c-oTHIéTIbHHIC solitary snipe (Capella solitaria) 6eKâc-pb16a = Mopcx6H 6eKâc 6eKâcHK Kuban dace (Leuciscus aphipsi) 6eKaCAHa = o6bIKHOBéHHbIIi 6eK1 c 6eK1CHI3K, 6eK1cHHIZa snipe fly (Rhagio) ; (pl .) Rhagionidae 6exâcoBble snipefishes, Macrorhamphosidae (sometimes included in Centriscidae ) 6eKMaHHR slough grass (Beckmannia) 6éjta5l, 6é,nasl pbi6a (Kamchatka) = imxry'q-coho salmon 6éJIBHI{a "little Ohrid trout" (.S'alnaotltynazcs olzridianus) 6eaëK white-coat, newborn harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) 6eJIeMHHT belemnite-an extinct type of cephalopod 6&ecT (Ukr .) 1. = xKépex-asp ; 2. = nnoTaâ-roach 6edIK3Ha (Ukr .) = xxépex-as p 6éJIHHrac, 6éJIexrac = néJlxHrac-"Pacific mullet" 6éjIKa squirrel (Sciurus ) 6éjtKa-p916a squirrelfish ; (pl.) Holocentridae Kpâcxasl 6 . red squirrelfish (Holocentrus ruber) 6e,no66ic scaup (duck) (Aythya marila) 6ejto66,qKa white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) 6ejio6prfllllKa parroquet auklet (Cyclorhynclzus psittaczcla )

19 6e7ioraà3ica

6eaorA31a 1. (Carpathian region) white-eye, "white-eyed bream" (Abramis sapa); 2. = 6eaorabbnI Hup6K-white-eyed pochard apàabeicaR 6. "Aral white-eye" (A. s. bergi--form aralensis) Émimasi 6., lomiorcacnibIcKaR 6. "southern white - eye" (A. s. bergi) 6e.no3S76Fca shrew of the genus Crocidura BO,1ISIliàS1 6. "Himalayan whitesnout shrew" (Chimmarogale himalayica) nepencnNaTonàaasi 6. "web-footed shrew" (Nectogale elegans) 6ea6K (gen. 6e.intà, but 6é.ilica = squirrel) 1. white (of the eye, of an egg); 2. albumen; 3. = 6eaêx 6eaoK6)Kme TOTICT0,7166141COB white-skin disease of silver carp-caused by Pseudomonas dermoalba 6e,nomp6eica "glassfish" AJIHHH011àJlaY1 6. "long-fingered glassfish" (Cryodraco antarcticus) KI4T613aSI 6. "Jonah glassfish" (Neopagetopsis ionah) xpoicoeumeas{ 6. "crocodile glassfish" (Chaenocephalus aceratus) aeRHasi 6. = Kpoxoeumeafl 6. Tëmriasi 6. "dusky glassfish" (Pseudochaenichthys georgianus) LgyKoerwasi 6. "pike glassfish" (Champsocephalus gun,nari) 6eaoKp6eHafl pÉi6a = 6e,7ioxp6mca; (pl.) Chaenichthyidae beaoxpanune (60.716THNII) water arum, bog arum (Calla palustris) 6ea6Ha (Eur.) garfish, gar-pike (Belone belone)

6ea6oic (Dnestr) = 6e.norabica- "white - eye" 6eaopÉI6Hua 1. "Caspian inconnu" ( leucichthys leucichthys); 2. (Lena region) a hybrid between néabma and mymc9n

6eaoxn6c-r = opaàH - 6eaoxe6cT- gray sea eagle 6eaoméri emperor goose (Philacte canagica) 6eaSTra 1. beluga sturgeon, giant sturgeon (Huso huso); 2. (rarely) =- 6eaSixa-white whale 6eaS7Aml (gen. 6eaSim(bero) beluga sturgeon (adj.) 6ezymdma flesh of beluga 6eaSixa beluga, white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) 6eab,rera 1. (Eur.) eelpout, viviparous blenny (Zoarces viviparus); 2. (Am.) ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus = M. anguilla,ris) Bocriniasi 6. "Pacific eelpout" (Zoarces elongatus) esponéelcitafi 6. = 6eabinbra (1) naTarenicKafl 6. "Patagonian eelpout" (Phucocoetes variegalus) 37Z7114HéHHal1 6. = eocT64masi 6. 6emeibroeme eelpouts, eel-blennies, Zoarcidae 6easix 1. school (of fish); 2. (Baikal) = 6éabnl 6ailicàabcKplii xàpmyc -"white grayling"; 3. (pl.) foam, white-caps 6eJdnuca 1. milkfish (Lactarius lactarius); 2. (Aust.) whiting (Sillago parvisquamis) 6ezkircoeme 1. -= diaieraposme-Lactariidae; 2. = enznaronme- Sillaginidae

20 6em6pelliconbie

6em6p6nconme flatheads, "snakeperches", Percophididae, Bembropsidae 6émeab lashing, seizing 6euràab benthic zone, benthal zone

6ewnit-recicHil, 6eFrrofffigecicHfi, 6eirrômibiel, 6érrrocHbnl benthic, bottom (adj.) 6enTo3a6p "bottom lizardfish" (Benthosaurus grallator) 6éwroc benthos, bottom fauna (and flora) 6éHTOCTOK see cynic 6érrrocbar benthos-eater, benthophage 6éFrro&aFian (or 6éHTocosimian) pÉi6a bottom-feeding fish, benthophagous fish 6epàp,anyc a beaked whale of the genus Berctrdius Bép,mx Dr E. A. Birge 6ép,ruiceseitaH 'reOpHil Birge's theory, the Birge theory 6epé6pa (L. Pskov) = rycTepà—white bream 6éper shore, coast, strand (of the sea); bank (of a river) HcKSTccTBermbril 6. (Kamchatka) a continuous line of net, up to 4 miles long, to which the leads of several trap nets are run 6eperonmq6x, 6eperoB6g periwinkle (Littorina littorea and related species) 6eperosSraima 1. bank swallow (Riparia riparia); 2. brine-fly (Ephydra) 6epéminic 1. (Baikal region) = gépnbril 6afixàdibuml xàpilye-

"black grayling"; 2. local name for rycrepà —white bream 6épince 1. (E Asia) alfoncino (Beryx splendens); 2. any fish of the family smoxsOcTmg 6. swallowtail (Trachichthocles lineatus) )KêJrrorzà3Bdi 6. (Aust.) red snapper (Trachichthodes gerrardi) KpacHmil 6. 1. (Aust.) redfish, nannygai (Centroberyx affirms); 2. = Aé,11Toraa3bei 6. mopcx6ii ycà-rbnI 6. = imônexHil 6ap6yao—Japanese beardfisb. 06bIKHOBéHHbIll 6. "common beryx" (Beryx splendidus) yckrbill 6. beardfish (Polymixia lowei); (pl.) Polymixiidae

6épmec - aabenco red bream (Beryx clecadactylus) 6epùKconbie red snappers, Berycidae 6épxy'r golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) 6epafnixa a kind of boat 6epo Bero—a genus of sculpins aaeràirnibill 6. (Jap.) "elegant sculpin" (B. elegans) 6epua = WIWI—bran 6epge, 6epenan (Kocrb) tibia, shin-bone 6epin, 6épm 1. Volga zander (Stizostedion volgense); 2. = mopeK611 cyAàx—Caspian zander; 3. (Azov) a very small cy,aàx 6épinnx, 6éprunx = 6epm(1),

21 6ecnâHuHpxble

6ecnâHuxpnble = 6opo3AtIaTo6pibxxe 6ecno3BOH61IHbIIi 1. lacking vertebrae; 2. an invertebrate (animal); 3. (pl.) invertebrates, Invertebrata 6ecn6,nbII3 asexual 6eccTe6éjIbliaTble Eleutherozoa (a Subphylum of echinoderms) 6ecTép bester-hybrid between beluga sturgeon and sterlet 6ecÿro 1. (E Asia) besugo (Nemipterus virgatus); 2. (W Atl.) castaneta (Cheilodactylus bergi) 6ecxB6CTble frogs and toads, anurans, Anura 6ec,IedIIoeTHbie , Cyclostomata, jawless vertebrates 6ecqepénxble Acrania, Cephalochorda (a Class of chordates, including Amphioxus) 6ecuiynâabuesble Atentaculifera (a Subclass of comb-jellies) 6éII.IeHKua ( BOAHHâs) water hemlock (Cticuta virosa) 6étneHKa 1. blackback shad ( kessleri); 2. "sabalo" (Arius heudeloti)-a marine catfish 6KaxaH6a = KpacHOxBÔCTbIfI JlyuHâll-lane snapper 6fI6JIHua, 6t36dIa local names for nJIOTBâ-roach 6Hz6oK = 6eiI6oK 6fIMTpaal beam trawl 6Hotvlâcca standing crop (in weight), biomass 61iOCT6K see CTOK 61iO11éHO3, 61d0IAeHOTi3LIeCKaSI rpynnxpbslca biocenosis, community of organisms 6HnKHHâpK51 bipinnaria (a larval stage of echinoderms) 6HprHHbslx = cx613pcltasl râra-Steller's eider 6xplo*ibK 1. = Hocâpb-Don ruffe; 2. = ëpl.ub-ruffe 6ficca = wpenâxa-6i3cca-hawksbill turtle 613ccyc 1. byssus-a fungus disease of fish eggs; 2. byssus-threads that attach a mussel to its substrate 6HcTpalu (Carpathian region) = 6bICTpSIHKa 6HCTpSIHKa (Ukr.) = 6bICTpSIHKa 613T16K (Ukr.) 1. = 6bmbK(1)-gobies in general; 2. gobies of the genus Neogobius 3eJIEHi3Ii 6. (local) = 6bILI6K-TpaBHHI'IK-"weed goby" nKU1aHHï3 6. (local) = 6bI^I6K-6â6Ka-y'monkey goby" ps16HI3 6. = 6bIq6K-xtâ6a-"toad goby" 6Hq6K-roJloBâHb (Ukr.) = 6bIq6K-ro,noBâT-I-"bighead goby" 6Hluxp bichir (Polypterus bichir)-a ganoid fish of the Nile

22 6.7rameHa

6drarnoma 1. = xoxnati(2)-ti1efish; 2. (pl.) , Branchiostegidae cAmmil 6. (Pac.) blue tilefish (Malacanthus latovittatus) 6aàmterr transparent goby (Aphya minuta) 6.necrià troll, spoon (for catching fish) 6n0luenca 1. blonde (woman); 2. = ,ecsminêpayi cTanpima- "ten-finned horsemackerel" 6.noxâ flea BORMAH 6. 1. water flea, cladoceran; (pl.) Cladocera; 2. water springtail (Podura aquatica)-a collembolan mopcieàH 6. a (marine) gammarid amphipod, beach flea 6.716111-mil (adj. from 6.710K) block

6.inbaaa = cemmil KI-rr-blue whale 6Jnivcetneo, 6.mbRue 1. saucer; 2. limpet (Patella vulgata and related forms) die-rSi'tioe 6., aeTinnee 6. flying saucer, UFO BMPT see Tpàyaep 606 bean mopcidA 6. a (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) 606miég roller (on the ground line of a trawl) 606mpégb (Ukr.) = 606mpéu-Don chub

666,na 1. = now-re-roach; 2. = n66.71a -north Caspian roach 6o6âniKa (Dnestr region) = enaôniKa-mud minnow

606p 1. (old world) beaver (Castor fiber); 2. =- m0pcx6ii 6o6p 606p6Ban runrrÉma beaver dam 60J1éTHbIll 6. = FISTTplIFI-CoypU xamilà-rcKnil 6. = mopcell 6. Karià,acialfi 6. American beaver (Castor eanadensis) mopceil 6. = Kaaàn-sea otter petnia. 6. = 6o6p(1) 6o6upén Don chub (Leuciscus borysthenicus)

606Élph (Kiev) = Hocâpb-Don ruffe 6ora boga (Inermia vittata)-an emmelichthyid fish 60)»Kàic bodzhalç-a slow-growing form of Sevan trout (Saint° ischchan) 66>xbn xopôma ladybird beetle, coccinellid 6ox side, flank (see also alhillsi) 6eaSixcnil 6. smoked belly flaps of beluga sturgeon 60itàtmo boccacio ( paucispinis) 60Koaàfi saTanotman (Kocrb) exoccipital (bone) &moms!' pile of drying fish 6oxonéponmil (momnbcx) amphineuran, ; (pl.) Amphineura (a Subphylum of molluscs, including and solenogastres)

23 6oxoruiaB

60KOnJIâB amphipod, scud, side-swimmer (Gammarus, etc.); (pl.) Amphipoda (a group of crustaceans) 60xC = noJlocâTHK(1)-bogue 6oKqer6p = MoT-IerSp-"Mochegor whitefish" ftia = 6apxjIHR-ftIa 60JIé3Hb disease (see also 3a6odIeBâHHe) 6eJIOnHTHHCTaH 6. JIHLIIiHOK white-spot disease of salmonid fry, caused by unfavorable environmental conditions ô. I1IT1CpCpa Staff's disease-a disease of carp of unknown etiology, associated with prolonged exposure to temperatures below 1°C 6y66HHax 6. ycaliéH bubonic disease of barbels-caused by Myxobolus pfeifferi rl3ony3bIpbK6BaH 6. gas-bubble disease (of fish) 366Hast 6. pb16 fish goitre nbslHasl 6. staggers, ichthyosporidosis-a fish disease caused by the fungus Icht3ayosporidium (or Ichthyophonus) hoferi IuI3IUe'IHax 6. "lump disease"-found in cyprinids and whitefishes, and caused by the sporozoan Thelohanellus IoxcoBcxan 6. Graff's disease-a rare disease of man, of unknown etiology but apparently associated with eating fish 60JI6THHK 1. "bog beetle" (Hydaticus); 2. water starwort (Callitriche) 6o,a5THxua 1. spike rush (Eleocharis); 2. smaller species of Scirpus; 3. a toad of the genus Paludicola 1qHjIi3flcxa5i 6. Chilean toad (Paludicola bibron2) 60JIOTHOIABéTHHK II.[IiTOJII3CTHbIÎi, 6. KÿBIIIIiHKOBbIÎi floating heart (Nymphoides peltatum) 6oJIÔTHbIÎ3, 6ojI6THCTbIK marshy, swampy, paludal SoalôTO, 6o,116ue 1. bog; 2. marsh, swamp 6o,nbH.Ierxâ3 sweeper; (pl.) Pempheridae aBCTpaxf4HcxHH 6. bullseye (Liopempheris multiradiata) aT,naHTfvIecKHH 6. glassy sweeper (Pempheris schomburylci) yaJlâHCKHK 6. (Indian 0.) "ouala sweeper" (Pempheris oualensis) 6oJIbluer,aâaonb1e sweepers, Pempheridae-a family of fishes 6oJIbIIIerOJIOB = n2CTpbIii TOJICTOJIÔ6HK-bighead 60JIbIIIeKpbITIble Megaloptera (alder flies, dobson flies, etc.) 6oJIbuiep6T swallower, hinge-jaw (Eurypharynx pelecanoides); (pl.) Saccopharyngidae 6oJlbluep6TOBble 1. Saccopharyngiclae; 2. jawfishes, masonfishes, Opisthognathidae 6oM6H,aesble Harpodontidae 66M6HJIb (Indian 0.) Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus)-a fish 6oIIâcH arara (Cuba) black (Mycteroperca bonaci) 6oHAcIi r1TO (Cuba) tiger grouper (Mycteroperca tigris) 6ôHra bonga, African (Ethmalosa fimbriata)

24 6oFikrrnp6mca

6olinTnpeinica bonitation (determining the kinds and numbers of organisms in a given habitat) 6oHATo, 60n1'IT (see also nediamii,ra) aTzawriii-iecitei or 0 6bIKHOBéHHI,H1 6. Atlantic (Sarcla sarcla) 0,RHOH,BéTHbal 6. plain bonito (Oreynopsis unieo/or = Auxis rochet) oxeâncienil 6. = n oJIocâTbIÇI Tynén—skipjack tuna 600nc Boops—a genus of sparid fishes 6ozbinerabbill 6. bogue (B. boops) HOJI0CàTbIti 6. salema, goldline (B. salpa) 6opo bore eel (Pisodonophis bore) 6opo,L1,ângaTka beardling, stonefish; (pl.) = 6opoenuaTitonbie erpàuniati 6. stonefish (Synanceia horrida)—a poisonous marine fish sinônexan 6. Japanese poison fish (Inimicus japonicus) 60p0,en4aTKosbie stonefish, Synanceiidae 6opoRâTica "beardfish" (Pogonophryne)—a genus of Harpagiferidae AanfnioYean 6. "long-barbelled beardfish" (P. mentella) 60poRaTicoBbie Harpagiferidae 6opo,ità14 bearded -vulture, lammergeier (Gypatus barbatus) 60p03,1Là furrow am6yaaxpLibnan 6. ambulacral groove (of echinoderms) 60p03ia elongate submarine. "valley" or trench 6opo3,maTo6pibxne (mombeiem) Solenogastres or Aplacophora (a Class of molluscs) 6opT side (of a vessel) (compare starboard) 6 OTaTb, 6 OTHyTb 1. tO beat; 2. to drive (fish, into nets) 6orin4ecnei (adj.) 60Tpnonecliazb bothriocephalosis, infestation by the tapeworm Bothriocephalus gowkongensis 6oTTJnE5c bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus)— see also 6yrbiakonôc 6oTyc lefteye (Bothus) amiâTexml 6. "many-starred flounder" (B. myria,ster) HH,THVACKHil 6. "oval flounder" (B. ovalis) JISTHIlbai 6. (B. lunatus) 6oyro Amazon freshwater dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) 60tiar, 6otiara 1. water-hole; 2. deep hole or pool in a stream 6ô'-n a 1. mooring buoy; 2. cask, barrel; 3. "body" of a bike net 6 OTIOH6 11HHK "barrel " (Do/io/um, etc.) 6pa3érinn water-shield (Brasenia schreberi) 6paKonbépcimil 1. excessive, rapacious; 2. poaching (adj.) 6. np6mbicea illegal fishery (for spawning salmon, etc.) 6palcoribépeTBonaTb to poach (fish or gaine), to fish illegally 6pâma pomfret, Ray's bream (iirama brama = B. rayi)

25 6pamôBme

6pamômie pomfrets, Bramidae 6parDcHominfô3 branchiomycosis, gill-rot (a fish disease caused by the fungus Branchiomyces sanguinis) 6parimoHexp(53 branchionecrosis—a disease of carp under intensive pond culture, its cause not definitely known 6pauxmon6A branchiopod; (pl.) Branchiopoda (an Order of crustaceans) 6paxnraaàxcklyi Brachygalaxias pusillus—an Australian fish used in the aquarium trade 6paxmoààpmi brachiolaria (a larval stage of echinoderms) 6paxHonó,n brachiopod; (pl. )Brachiopoda (a Phylum of animals) 60.1-mbiel pertaining to reproduction, nuptial

6. HapsU, 6 - Hasi oxphica breeding colour (s), nuptial dress 6phinmb windlass, anchor winch 6pérma1ep (S Asia) codlet (Bregmaceros ma,cclellandi) aTaawrimecieurr 6. Atlantic codlet (B. atlanticus) 6pé,gerib a small drag seine (3apattui6e1 Héso,a) 6pPuteab 1. bridle (on a net); 2. anchor chain 6pHab brill (Rhombus leavis = Scophthalmus rhombus) 6pH03614 Bryozoa (a Phylum of animals) 6poAfrrb 1. to wander; 2. to drag, to haul (a net) ; 3. to ferment 6p6,zumx a small haul seine (3antreil Fiéso,a) 6pQmitme (a Subclass of annelids) 6polis1xosme South American armoured catfishes, Doradiclae 6p&ry.na brotula xpàcuaYI 6. (Pac.) red brotula (Brosmophycis marginata) muoroYcasi 6. (Japan) "many-whiskered brotula" (Brotula multibarbata) ychsag 6. (Atl.) bearded brotula (Brotula barbata) 6po-ryneume, 6poTy.uoubie brotulas, Brotulidae (often included in Ophidiidae) 6pyincpecc cress, water-cress 6pyc timber, square beam 6pbnicéf-ixa mesentery 6phmràabue 1. spiracle (of sharks) ; 2. splashing 6pbr3rSTH archerfish (Toxotes jaculator, T. chatareus) 6pm3ryw5Bbie archerfishes, Toxotidae 6pieixo, 6piouncô belly, abdomen 6proxou6ruil (mombcK) snail, gastropod; (pl.) (a Class of molluscs) 6pioxonëpme fishes having their pelvic fins in the abdominal position 6pioxopeciffitnimil (nepsb) gastrotrich; (pl.) Gastrotricha (a Phylum of small animals)

26 61)1-minim 6rnomema peritoneum 6pioulidel 1. ventral; 2. pelvic; 3. abdominal 6y6ùp (Ukr., local) 1. = ëplu-ruffe; 2. = Hocàpb-Don ruffe; 3. = 6m116K-xpyrasiK-""; 4. = 6biti6x-6à6Ka-"monkey goby" 6y6Éipb 1. a goby (Bubyr); 2. (Dnepr) = êpm-ruffe 6yràfi = BbIni,-bittern 6yroaéu (Dnepr and Bug) = mopcx6II cy,aàx-"Blaek Sea zander" 6yr6p 1. (small) hill; 2. tubercle, protuberance; 3. mound of a salmon redd (spawning place) after the eggs are covered; hence 4. the redd as a whole. (As used by Vasilenko 1959, each redd (6yr6p) may contain one to several nests (rHé3ga), each with a clutch of eggs that represents a single deposition.) 6yr6pKa small tubercle 6patiliasi 6., arurreamàabliag 6. nuptial tubercle (found on the head, body or fins of certain male fishes) 6yropqkrKa = 6opo.aàBtraTita crphuriasi SIII(MCKaY1 6. = FIIIÔHCKaS1 60p0eStlania 6yrop4àTKoehie Synanceidae-a family of fishes 637ëx, 6y11 (pl. 6S7i1KH) buoy 6Sulnoà (Asia) buffalo acppmàficicHei 6. African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) mareicKH 6. water buffalo (Bubalus arnee)

Kàpamcoshig 6. = auoa - Celebes buffalo

6S4,1Bo.n - p1;i6a bigmouth buffalo, buffalofish (Ictiobus cyprinellus) 63'nbeil buoy rope, buoy line 63/KcHp 1. tugboat, tug; 2. tow-line 63/KcHpen3Ka towing, process of being towed 6yAT-max "bulat-mai" (Barbus capito) 637zb6H 1. broth, bouillon; 2. stickwater (in a reduction plant) 6Simnep = Kacà6e-Atlantic bumper 6ypa.K "-pot" (a small conical trap made of wood, used, to catch lampreys on the Neva River) 6ypromeicrp glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) 6ypesécTHNK shearwater, petrel (Procellaria = Puffinus spp.)-see also KaliSipKa aurapicrimecKmil 6. Antarctic petrel, Antarctic shearwater (Thalassoica antarctica) 6S7phiii 6. = cépbei 6. riiràrucKlier 6. giant petrel (Illacronectes giganteus) roay6(5fi 6. blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea) màabiti 6. Manx shearwater (Procellaria puffinus) oxeàficKmI 6. = Bihnbcormea icallSrpxa-Wilson's petrel

27 6ypeuécriim

nécrpomiumil 6. white-fronted or streaked shearwater (Procellaria leucomelas) cépurr 6. sooty shearwater (Procellaria grisea) cHémimil 6. snow petrel, snowy shear water (Pagodroma confusa) TouKoKinbubril 6. slender-billed shearwater (Procellaria tenuirostris) 6ypitS7H (Kerch region) a large Black Sea shad (Alosa kessleri pontica) 6ypo33'76Ka shrew of the subfamily Soricinae Bogsmàsi 6. (American) water shrew (S orex palustris) 6yThuntoxôc bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon) BbICOK0‘7166bIfi 6. bottlenose (H. ampullatus) rumuco,u66mil 6. flat-faced bottlenose (H. plantif rons) 63rxaao = BbIrlb-bittern. 6S7x.ra 1. bay; 2. coil (of rope when piled on deck) 6y11 bow net 6Sma = onSiruKa-selvedge 6brx (adj. 6Érniii) 1. bull; 2. pier; 3. =

6yrâti - no,zumeml 6. (Eurasian) bittern (Botaurus stellaris) 6bIK-r0p,néHb bUntline 6brcrepà = rycTepà-white bream 6hicrpenia riffle, rapids (in a river) 6bicrpsimea "bystranka", "riffle minnow" (Ger. Schneider) (Alburnoides bipunctatus) Bocrôlmaz 6. "eastern bystranka" (A. bipunctatus eichwaldi) Ky6àficKasi 6. "Kuban bystranka" (A. . rossicus-kubanicus) no,nocà.rag 6. "striped bystranka" (A. taeniatus) pocÉRcKasi 6. = pS7ccicaH 6. pSiccicaR 6. 'Russian bystranka" (A. b. rossicus) cbip,rapEduicKasi 6. = pSiccitan 6. ibmtuas1 6. "southern bystranka" (A. b. f asciatus) 6bigéic 6biti6K 6bundl 1. gobies, (see also nyroaôma); 2. sculpins,

6bitixù - no,rememp,mal, 6bunui - porâTia4 1. sculpins, bullheads, Cottidae; 2. sculpins of the genus My oxocephalus 6bunc6Bble 1. gobies, Gobiidae; 2. sculpins, Cottidae 6b14u5K (gen. 6bitucà) 1. goby (pl.) Gobiidae; 2. sculpin, (pl.) Cottidae;

3. = 6Eelért - npecHop.6,mmil; 4. =- 6mq6K - porânca; 5. (E Asia) .--- roaosëfluca (P erccottus) ; 6. "two-fingered goby" (Batrachoides didactylus) axcuaasipxhifi 6. "axillary sculpin" (Illyoxocephalus axillaris) amepmitàxcmg 6. (W Atl.) (Hemitripterus americanus) amSipcniti 6. "Amur goby" ( similis) 6axp6m4aTbill 6. "fringed sculpin" (genus P or ocottus)

6. = nectiàunK -monkey goby 6oabuiepôTbul 6. "bigmouth goby" (Gymnogobius macrognathus) 6opo,gâctia-rbik 6. "bearded sculpin" (My oxocephalus verrucosus) 6yroptià.Tbià 6. "tubercled sculpin" (My oxocephalus tuberculatus)

28 6sti6K

6. Bor,exona "Bogdanov's goby" (Neogobius bogd,anovi) 6. Bpà,u(Pop,rza "Bradford's sculpin" (Porocottus bradfordi) 6. Bpà.>KHFixosa "Brazhnikov's sculpin" (Taurocottus brashnikovi) 6. Bpàynepa "Brauner's goby" ( brauneri) 6. ,nepibrmfla "Derjugin's sculpin" (Raclulinopsis derjugini) 6. ,E()KécpcPpH3a Jeffreys' goby (Bueuia jeffreysi) 6. Klinnômela "Knipovich's goby" (Knipowitschia longicauda) 6. Jlibiffica Leister sculpin (Enophrys lucasi) 6. Orémepa "Steller's sculpin" (Myoxocephalus stelleri) 6. Tpanyiu6II = 6bIll6K-Tpal3SiHFIK B0.710CàTbIel 6. "Pacifie sea raven" (II emitripterus villosus) riirâxTemxil 6. (NE Atl.) giant goby ( cobitis = G. capito) r0.11013àCTPIKOEIFIglibel 6. "tadpole-like sculpin" (Eurymen gyrinus) Raabxesocr6qmpig ycfrrbill 6. silverspotted sculpin ( cirrhosus) ,gayaonacrx611 6. crested sculpin (Blepsias bilobus) ,asynsrmicruil 6. two-spot goby (Ghaparrudo flavescens) „gsyp6rHil 6. 1. antlered sculpin (Enophrys diceraus); 2. elf sculpin (Ceratocottus namiyei) Asyxaônacnimil ycàTbul 6. crested sculpin (Histiocottus bilobus) gammopôrml 6. Bépra "Berg's longhorn sculpin" (Taurocottus bergi)

AëJITIDIII 6. 1. "yellow goby" (.Acanthogobius flavimanus); 2. - ,RByrlyrrHAcTbill 6.; 3. (NE Atl.) "golden goby" (Gobius auratus) 3arà,w1mbill 6. tadpole sculpin (Psychrolutes paradoxus) 3eaëlibifl 6. = 61DILI6K-TpaBSÎHPIK 30,710T6r1 6. "golden goby" (Gobius auratus) IcasKbcianI peqx6f,1 6. "Caucasian goby" (Gobius cephalarges constructor) xamictiopmblcxHil cHmenom5cbul 6. bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli)

KhleHHIDIfi 6. 1. (lower Bug R.) = 6br46m - poTân; 2. (NE Atl.) rock goby (Gobius paganellus)

KMITIPIKOBbIel 6. =- IISITHeICTan npHcôcxa-"spotted clingfish" KacnÉdicmmil 6. Caspian goby (Neogobius caspius) Komaltepciadi 6. "Commander Islands sculpin" (Myoxocephalus mednius) xpàcxbIA 6. "red sculpin" (Alcichthys elongatus) KplotncopérHil 6. hookear sculpin (Artediellus) JIHIVIàFICK1411 6. = 6bItIÔK-TpaBÙHFIK MàJleHIDKIe 6aXIM5MtlaTbIll 6. "little fringed sculpin" (Porocottus minutus) màabig 6. (NE AU.) , freckled goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) mHoroAramil 6. (Pac.) great sculpin (311-yoxocephalus polyacantho- cephalus) miimail 6. "soft sculpin" (Malacocottus zonurus) and related psychrolutine sculpins HacTolumil no.nytieniSTfixmil 6. (Pac.) Red Irish lord (Henvilepidotus hemilepidotus) rffiTqaTbili 6. "thread sculpin" (Gymnocanthus HopBéAcitml 6. Norwegian goby (Pomatoschistus norvegicus) 06bIKHOBéHHbIll 6. (NE Alt.) (Gobius microps) 0,C6TCKIiii 6. "Okhotsk sculpin" (Myoxocephalus ochotensis)

29 6mq6K

mocKoro.n6Bmil 6. "flathead sculpin" (Myoxocephalus platycephalus) noxpâmemmil 6. (NE Atl.) painted goby (Pomatoschistus pictus) nodiockrbnI 6. "striped goby" (Pterogobius elapoides) no,nocà.TbnI (Tpëx33"76mil) 6. "striped threetooth goby" (Tridentiger trigonocephalus) noaygemSdlubiti 6. reunD6evra (Pac.) "G-ilbert's Irish lord" (Hemilepidotus gilberti) ncoyLieuiSirffihnI 6. ,a)K6pR9lia (Pac.) yellow Irish lord (Hemilepidolus jorclani) ripecrumômibill 6. (Eur.) = petn-KA 6. npoapâtuibul 6. (NE Atl.) transparent goby, pellucid. sole (Aphya minuta) npomeASrroluibul 6. "intermediate sculpin" (Gymnocanthus intermedius) ncmxpomo-roubul 6. "snailfish sculpin" (Ebinania vermiculata) pacrium6f1 6. (NE Atl.) painted goby (Pomatoschistus *pieta =- Gobius pictus) pet-n-1611 6. (freshwater) miller's thumb (Cottus gobio) porà.TBIR 6. antlered sculpin (Enophrys diceraus) psi6611 6. = 6bI46K-M4T01314K caxamhicieufl 6axpômqa-rbul 6. (Pac.) "Sakhalin fringed sculpin" (Porocottus japonicus) càxapribul 6. = 6IDPICIK-TpalAHNK ce,rummizmiil 6. brightbelly sculpin (Microcottus sellaris) cepe6pAcTbill 6. "silvery sculpin" (Argyrocottus zonderi) TêMHbIil Tpêx3S76bill 6. "dusky threetooth. goby" .( Tridentiger obscurus) Tpbc3S76bei 6. "threetooth goby" (Tridentiger) Timm°BbnI 6. 1. "gurnard sculpin" (Ereunias, etc.); 2. (pl.) Ereuniidae Tpy61(0E11:km1'1 6. "tubenose goby" (Proterorhinus) y,1,1BATeJlbHbIll 6. = 3arà,aotiumil 6. ycàTbul 6. 1. "whiskered scuipin" (Blepsias); 2. (pl.) Blepsiidae (often included in Cottidae) xuam;llicK1411 6. = xacneicrmil 6bI46K gepfloperrbill 6. = 6bitu5K-i-cpynUx Liêpubit,i 6. 1. black goby (Gooins niger); 2. wartheacl sculpin (Myoxocephalus niger); 3. (local) = 6bu4u5R-Kpyr.1Isix geThipëxp6rHil 6. 1. fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis); 2. grubby (M. aenaeus) gyldrrcKuel 6axp6m4a-rbu'l 6. "Chukchi fringed sculpin" (Porocottus quadrifilis) umemow5cubul 6. staghorn sculpin (Gymnocanthus) umemou6CHIDIR 6. répueriurreilua "Herzenstein's staghorn sculpin" (Gymnocanthus herzensteini) IleTÙHHCTIDIel 6. spinyhead sculpin (Dasycottus setiger) aaeràFrrubul 6. "elegant sculpin" (Bero elegans) siruhicKei 6axp6mtiaTbril 6. "Japanese fringed sculpin" (Porocotius tentaculatus) 1151-1CRIU gémeue 6. "maiden goby" (Pterogobius virgo) suo5ricn4l pe4i6f1 6. "Japanese river goby" (Acanthogobius flavimanus)

30 6bmbx-6a6xa

6bIq6K-6â6xa "monkey goby" (Neogobius fluviatilis) 6brt6K-6â6otiKa 1. butterfly sculpin (Melletes); 2. silverspotted sculpin (Blepsias cirrhosu.s) no,aylleiuÿHHbIH 6. butterfly sculpin (Melletes papilio) 6bI,q6K-6H36H buffalo sculpin (Enophrys bison) 6bIII6K-6JIAHKeT = 6JI2HKeT-transparent goby 6bITi6K-6^RBOJI (t-IyKÔTCKHf3) "Chukchi buffalo sculpin" (Taurulus) 6bhI6x-roJIOB1LI "bighead goby" (Neogobius kessleri) 6bItIÔK-roHélj 1. "goad goby" (Mesogobius gp9nnotraclzelzcs); 2. "little goad goby" (Cottiusculus gonez) xacnldIicxHIi 6. "Caspian goad goby" (Mesogobius gymnotracliel2cs maacroplzthalmus) 6blq6K-ropnân "gorlap goby" (Gobius gorlap) 6blra6x-ry6âH "guban goby" (Gobius platgrostris) 6blq6K-xtâ6a 1. "toad goby" (tllesogobius batrachocephalus); 2. (N.Z.) toad sculpin (Neophrynichthys latus) 6bIq6K-1K2JITOKpiIJIKa = ?KëJITOKpbIJIKa-yellowfin Baikal sculpin 6bILI6K-3Mé51 giant goby (Gobius cobitis) 6bIOK-Ka6e36H (Am.) cabezon (ScorpaeniclitJiys maYn2orat26s) 6bItI6K-KJIHHOKOTTyc mosshead SCulpin ((ilinocott26s globiceps) 6bITi6K-xHyT = 6bM6K-?Kil6a-"toad goby" 6bM6x-KOpâ6,nHu eyeshade sculpin (Naicticlztltps privilovius) 6bIU6K-KOpôsa (Ukr., local) = nyro,aôBKa-warty goby 6bIti6K-KpyrJ141K "round goby" (Neogobius melanostoutizcs) xacIIi3HcKHIi 6. "Caspian round goby" (N. qn. affinis) 6bItI6x-KpyrJlfillI = 6bILI6K-3Mé31 6bm6K-jteonâpA leopard-spotted goby (Gobius forsteri) 6bIOK-JIbIC^H "bald goby" (Ponaatosclzistzas) 6bIq6K-M1pT0BHK = 6bIEI6K-?K36a-t0ad goby 6bm6K-rlâpyCHHK sailfin sculpin (Nautichthys oc26lofasciatus) 6bILI6K-IIeC6LIHHK, 6bILI6K-neCLIâHHK "monkey goby" (Neogobius fluviatilus) KacHI3ÎdcKHFI 6. "Caspian monkey goby" (N. f. pallasi) 6bILI6K-1TOJZKâMeHLqIiK = IIO,IjK3MeHÜjHK

6bI1I6K-IIpCCHOB6ZjHbIii (Eur.) miller's thumb, bullhead, freshwater sculpin (Cottus gobio) 6bI1i6x-nyrojI6Bxa = nyroj16BKa-warty goby 6b1li6K-nyrall6BOtIxa = nyroj16BOtIKa-Brauner's goby 6bIlI6K-porâTKa 1. sea scorpion, sea sculpin (genus illgoxocepltal2cs); 2. (pl.) sculpins, Cottidae MHOrOI3rJIbIIi 6. = MHOrOI3rJIbIIi 6wiSK

6bIOK-pOTAH, 6bItIbK-paTAH "rotan goby" (Gobiais ratan)

31 6bIII6K-pIiI?Ki3K

6bm5K-pbI)KHK "mushroom goby" (Neogobius cephalarges) 6bI1I6K-TpaBHHI3K "weed goby" (Gobius ophiocephalus = Zostericola ophiocephalus)

6bm6IC-XBaJIbIHCKI3IÎ "Caspian goby" (Gobius caspius) 6bIU6K-XBOCTAt-I = 6bI^I6If KHIin6BI3TIa 6bIOK-I^^Ui3K "tubenose goby" (Proterorhinus marmoratus) 6bILI6K-LIeTbIpëXp6I'IiI%i fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) 6bILi6K-nII3pMaH "syrman goby" (Neogobius syrman) 6bILIÔK-SIOK plain sculpin (Myoxocephalus jaok) UIlqbx-aKÿJla bullhead shark; (p1.) Heterodontidae aMepHKâHCKaH 6. horn shark (Ileterodontus francisci) 6becp BépxHHil 6. 1. upstream; 2. a backwater; 3. forebay BOZ[opa3AéJIbHblii 6. waters in a height of land region, which may flow either or both of two ways Hi3?KHYIŸI 6. 1. downstream; 2. tailwater

32 B

Bâep cable, warp, wire BajiaâMKa "valaamka"-a whitefish (Coregonzcs lavaretns widegreni) BadiëK (gen. BaitbKâ) round whitefish ( cylindracemn) aMepHKâHCxHH B. "American round whitefish" (P. c. quaclrilaterale) BâJtKK roller, cylinder B03pacTHbie B-Kx age ridges (on the teeth of cetaceans) BajiaHCHépxx cnxpâJtbsau wild celery, tape grass (Vallisneri,a spiralis) BaaÿH rubble, boulder Bâ,nb,r{u.txert (old-world) woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) BaJIbKâ see BaJIëK BaJIbKOBâTOCTb yAeJibHaH B. relative bulk (see also IIOKa3ATeJib) Bajib,qâK kelt (spent salmon returning downstream) BajtFOMKHÔMeTep (also Bo,nFOMHH6MeTep and other spellings) volumometer, voluminometer-any device for measuring volume, for example by displacement of a liquid

BaMnHp 1. vampire; 2. see ocbMKHbr Bâx,aa a single-funnel fyke net made of withes, usually suspended in a series from a line hung across a river BaHAeJIJixeable Trichomycteridae = Pygididae-a family of small catfishes BaHAéjtjiHx candiru, carnero (Vandellia cirrizosa) BâHAbnu local name for roJlbSiH-minnoW B1Hbxa (Commander Is.) = necéu-aretic fox Bapexxy (N.Z.) Seriolella brama-a centrolophid fish BapHÔ,aa (Indian 0.) Variola louti BapHâBa = brapb-ruddy shelduck BaTepaéIic, BaTepséJibC waterways BAxHH, BaxHSI saffron cod, Pacific navaga, wachna cod (Eleginus gracilis) BâxTa 1. bog bean, buckbean (Menyanthes); 2. watch (on board ) Bâxy wahoo, kingfish (AcanthocJU216912 solanderi) Bâiuxo,a (Belozero) = yK,néHKa-bleak BBépx (rio-Teqéxx1o) upstream BRoBHua 1. widow; 2. northern woiffish, blue sea cat (Anarizichas, or Lyciclatlzys, denticulatus) BeôépoB annapâT (of a fish)

33 Be,gSnuntl

BeeruHR leading, principal BeASnuag p0,1113 key role, basic role Bei,ixmc bluejoint grass (Calamagrostis) Béxo eyelid >KypoB6e B. fatty eyelid (of clupeid fishes) BeKer4,7umpep vexillifer—the prelarval stage of carapid fishes Bé.nicl)ep "sailfin" (Velifer hypselopterus) BunicpepoBble "sailfins", Veliferidae BeHépnx 11(5FIC Venus's girdle (Cestus veneris)—a comb-jelly Bewépita Venus verrucosa and related clams Bewég 1. crown; 2. rim; 3. corona TepliôBbnI B. crown of thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) Béwrepb, Béwrep fyke net, hoop net, trap net. A Béwrepb has a center lead to guide fish to it, and may or may not have wings as well; it is set at right angles to the shore (Denisov). Large Béwrepw may be held in place by up to 10 anchors, and can catch ,up to a ton of fish. Denisov says that there is frequent confusion of usage as between Béwrepb and mepéxta, which see.

6eCKOHIDIJIHMi1 B. = ,góHHblti , llaB CTBBHUII, wéBoR—trap net 02I,HOS/CbIel B. one-funnelled fyke net Béwrepb-itypaktmca Courland fyke net Béflyc-neTyin6K "Venus shell" (Chione gallina) BenpeBbie boarfishes, Caproidae = Pentacerotidae Bepàcnep a flounder of the genus V erasper B. M63epa "Moser's flounder" (V. moseri) 143MéHLIIIBLIR B. spotted (V. variegatus) Bep6eçamm loosestrife (Lysimacha,) B. KmeTeBetaxbill tufted loosestrife (L. thrysiflora) B. moriéTqaTmel moneywort (L. nummularia) Bepélmta rope, line, cord, string, twine nocàAotiwasi B. hanging twine (for hanging nets) BépecK heather (Calluna) BepeTêmimic 1. godwit and dowitcher; 2. "spindlefish" (Paralepis, etc.) B.311âTCKHrl 6eKBCOBII,Mbill B. snipe-billed dowiteher (Linbnodromus semipalmatus) ameppimificKBfi 6exacoBei,zwmil B. dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus) 6o.nbui611 B. black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa) ry,a36Hcia4II B. Hudsonian godwit (Limosa haemastica) aànajwoamepincâncxmil 6exacomiesmil B. long-billed dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) Ana/wipe' B. = 60J1bLIE511 B. maabiri B. bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica) cpezfflemHomôpcimil B. "Mediterranean spindlefish" (Paralepsis speciosa) try,a,éclibifi B. "marvellous spindlefish" (Lestidiops mirabilis) BepeTerun4KoBbie spindlefishes, Paralepididae

34 Bepe'rëmmua

BepeTëfun-ma = 4epnom6pcxel capràH—Black Sea garfish Beperembrama (Carpathian region) = màamil gon—Aspro strebel- sepH3S16 (Ukr.) = Bupe3S76—Rutilus frisii BepàfmKa xmotiesà51 water speedwell, brooklime (Veronica Anagallis- aguatica) BepoSiTHOCTHbIll (math.) stochastic Bepn kedge anchor BépnoBaTb to warp (move a ship), to tow Bevrém( whirling sickness, myxosomatosis '(a disease of trout caused by Myxosoma cerebralis) BevraSir trochanter (of insects) BeFraibr 1. (also Bevraim6x) swivel; 2. (also BeFréa) trochanter (of vertebrates) BevrSituica current meter Belyrsituta whirligig beetle; (pl.) Gyrinidae B. cSimepetniafl "twilight whirligig" (Orectochilus villosus) Bevrsitnça-normaBox Gyrieus natator BepcPb shipyard, dockyard Bepmera6Toinibie 33'76BI suprapharyngeal teeth (of Cottidae, etc.) Bepxnery6Fiùe 3Sr6B1 upper circumoral teeth (of lampreys) sepme3wrgumtmayi (Icon%) supraoccipital (bone) Bepmeno,rubB31;BumB (Kocrb) epihyal (bone) Bepmeynniàsi (Korn)) epiotic (bone) BepmegemocTIAB (xocrb) maxillary (bone) Bepxr1egemocmià51 imacrfilima supra-oral plate (of lampreys) Bépmme ry6Hre 3611 supra-oral tooth bar (of lampreys) Bepxômca 1. "verkhovka" (Ger. Moderlieschen) (Leucaspius clelineatus); 2. = yméçuca —bleak Kamd.scican B. "Caucasian verkhovka" (Leucaspius delineates caucasicus) Kwreicrças B. "Chinese verkhovka" ( chinensis) TaancéFrrensi B. "Tashlçent verkhovka" (Alburnoides oblongus)

sepxoB6,zuca, Bepxoduma (Ukr.) 1. = 3m-1am—bleak; 2. = Bepx(5 mea Bepxordi, sepxorastruca (E Asia) 1. "skygazer", red skygazer (Erytheo- culter); 2. = yx.néfl—"lookup"; 3. (Carpathian region) = ,i1,711-1HF10- necxàpb—"long-whiskered gudgeon" xoponçoxBôcruti B. () "short-tailed lookup" (Cuiter brevicauda) 06bIKHOBéHHbIel B. (China) common skygazer (Erythroculter erythropterus) 03ëpHbIil B. = yxaéll Bepxonahrca = yitaé4'rea—bleak Bëpma, népula 1. basket trap; 2. creel; 3. -= yairrica-Bépula 35 Bepui6K

BepuR5K vershok (4.445 cm) nec weight yRéabribitl B. 1. (percentage) occurrence, representation; 2. (relative) importance; 3. (phys.) specific gravity Beeéduca (middle Volga) blackback shad (Alosa hessleri) Beca6 1. oar; 2. paddle Becaouôrafi (mina) totipalmate bird; (pl.) Peleciformes or Steganopodes Becaoilôrull (pati6K) , (pl.) Copepoda (a group of small crusta- ceans) Bec.noH6c (Am.) paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) ICHTUCKHR B. Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius) Bec.amiôcbie paddlefishes, Polyodontidae BecHsiruta stonefly; (pl.) Plecoptera 6OETIbUIà51 B. "giant stonefly" (Perla maxima) LlëpHaSi B. "black stonefly" (Capnia nigra) BeTBI4CTOS7CbreI (pa46K) water flea, cladoceran; (pl.) Cladocera BeTBACTbIrl branched BeTBb branch, limb BOCXO,L(SilliaB B. xpHB6i1 ascending limb of a curve imexo,Erfugasi B. Kpi4B6II descending limb of a curve BéTep wind nacckrxme BéTpbI trade winds Bex water hemlock (Cicuta) B. 31,ZIOBATbIti poison hemlock (C. virosa) Béxa spar-buoy Béunca buoy pole, buoy (used to mark the end of a net or long-line) Bémeeno matter, substance o6méli Beigém metabolism (see also o6méri) B3BéLlleHHbIg (math.) weighted B-Hoe cpékmiee weighted average, weighted mean rasm6pHme eel-grass, grass-wrack ( marina) B3p6c7Iuil (adj.) grown-up, adult, mature BYIBCSillKa (Ukr.) = Bepxôma—Leueaspius delineatus sH21 1. appearance; 2. () species; 3. (grammar) aspect Bi4R0B(511 1. species (as adj.); 2. specific

BNB (Dnestr region) = Limn —bastard sturgeon BHAra = Bsmeira Bm3ybibribul casual, preliminary (what can be discovered by inspection, without special study) B-ume lia6moAéuNsi preliminary observations Biunta 1. fork ; 2. furca (terminal segment of certain crustaceans) BadwoxBôcrica springtail, snow flea; (pl.) Collembola

36 BeumgaTBril

BeulbtlaTbirl forked, furcate Bùm6a 1. vimba (Vimba vimba—see also phr6éu); 2. "Swedish vendace" ( albula vimba) BmwBry9ppllfi rineiguerria—a genus of lightfishes (Gonostomatidae) BApe3y6, Berpo3y6, Beipu3y6 (Ukr.) 1. = Edipe3y6(1)—"Blac1r Sea roach"; 2. = CBéTabiel rOp6a7H3(1)—maigre BHcaortpÉunca 1. dobson fly (Chauliodes); 2. alder fly (Sialis); 3. (pl.) (also sucaoxpÉiame) Megaloptera

B. TemFlo - 6SrpaR alder fly (Sialis fuliginosa) BHTH3Hé.71.Tla Vitiaziella cubiceps—a deepwater fish BliTH3b Vityaz—a research vessel of the USSR Academy of Sciences BxxasiiI Houbara bustard (Otis undulata) Bdia,mcaàBilB "Tachanovsky's gudgeon" (Ladislavia taczanowskii) Baàcoe,g mallophagan parasite of mammals, for example sea otters; (pl.) = ilSrxoe,abi—Mallophaga

Beco3376 = Bodu5co3y6 —sandfish Baacoxpanie caddis flies, Trichoptera miéuniempbmoBù,fflaB (leoc.TB) pterygoid, or ectopterygoid (bone) BHHOPX older acronym for rocHHOPX 13H1/1P0 VNIRO—BcecogmFimel HaSnIHO-HCCJle,g0BâTeJILCICHil 14HCTHTSrr mopcid5ro pl;I6H0r0 X03ùfICTBa H OlfeaHOrpà.C1)HH (MOCKElà) BHIWOBéij a person who works for VNIRO ruiSrrpemexpbraoBA,ariau (xocTB) mesopterygoid, or entopterygoid (bone) BriSrrpemme ry6rn;ie 376H lateral teeth (of lampreys) miSrrpermocrm viscera., guts, contents of the body cavity BI:566erour wobbegong (Orectolobus barbatus)—a shark B66aa vobla, roach of the Caspian and Aral Seas (Ruti/us ruti/us) apâilbeKaz B. "Aral roach" (R. r. aralensis) acTpan,acKan B. "Astrabad roach" (R. r. caspius, natio knipowitschi) acTpaxàFicieasi B. = xacnercuau B. KacncKan B. "Caspian roach", vobla (R. r. caspicus) KypÉnicitaB B. "Kura roach" (R. r. caspicus, natio kurensis) TypKméFicKag B. = acTpangeKau B. qapxàabcitaB B. Lake Charkhal roach (R. r. caspicus, natio tscharchalensis) Bormep Trachipterus, Trachypterus—a genus of ribbonfishes (Trachipteridae) céBeprihnl B. dealfish (T. arcticus) ymôricicmi1 B. "Japanese ribbonfish" (T. misakiensis) B0111TIDIel curved BÔAHHK 1. reservoir; 2. worker in water transport BoAoëm body of water; (pl.) waters Bo,ao3a66p water intake

37 Boe,oxpac

BoesoKpac frogbit, 's bit (Hydrocharis) JiHrymbunl B., JIiIrSdllet1HbIâ B. common frogbit (H. morsus-ranae) Bmozà3 1. diver; 2. Newfoundland dog Bogo.ni+D6 water scavenger beetle, hydrophilid; (pl.) Hydrophilidae B. "emarginate hydrophilid" (Spercheus eqnarginatus) B. Mà. abIll "small water-scavenger" (Hydrophilus caraboides) B. cmo,7dilio-qëplibiel "pitch-black hydrophilid" (Hydrous piceus) B. LiêpErmiI "black hydrophilid" (Hydrous aterrimus) BoAomépxa 1. water-measurer, hydrometricl; (pl.) Hydrometridae- a family of aquatic bugs; 2. water-strider; (pl.) Gerridae naaotimoseurian B. mezeTurbffasi water measurer (Hydrometra gracilenta) npy,roDBàfl B. water strider (Gerris) phixeBag B. "ruddy water strider" (Limnoporus rufoscutellatus) Bo,Roo6méx replacement, turnover (of water) KO3C1)14U1,1éHT Bo;i.006mélia rate of replacement (of water in a lake or reservoir) Buopa3Abt divide, height of land BoAopé3 skimmer, scissor-bill (Rhynchops) amepuxàricine tiépubei B. black skimmer (R. nigra) ad)pmeàficKei B. African skimmer (R. flavirostris) mi,ziAficiallI B. "white-necked skimmer" (R. albicolLis) D5Aopocab alga; (pl.) Algae 6arpsinasi B. = KpâcHayi B. 6Smasi B. brown alga, kelp; Phaeophyceace seaëliag B. green alga; (pl.) Chlorophyceae KIACHaH B. red alga; (pl.) Rhodophyceae KpemriëBasi B. ; (pl.) Bacillariaceae cpme3eaëxasi B. bluegreen alga; (pl.) Cyanophyceae no,aocaduixa capybara (Hydrochoerus capybara) BuoTotduia a leak in a dike or dam BoRoxpaiihmnge a dammed body of water, reservoir BoAsumica crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) uo,asilixa dropsy B. >Ked-rrôlnioro meuntà yolk -sac dropsy— a disease of fish fry

B. c nylierabilem "pop - eye dropsy"— a disease of trout, probably bacterial BOAàK a heavy extra line from a vessel to a net, used in driftnet fishing when the net floats some distance below the surface; the vozhak may be attached either above the cork line (Dutch method) or below the lead line (Scottish method) Bo36ye1reab 1. stimulus; 2. agent of infection (bacteria, etc., in disease) BO3BIAT return B. MéTKM tag return ripomucm5Bbill B. yield to the fishery (of a particular year-class, or of the fish released by a hatchery)

38 B03MeWAIOLL[HIi

B03MeIIjAIottjHf1 replacement (adj.) B. ÿpOBexb BocrtpoH3BbAcTBa replacement level of reproduction B-Iuasl IIJIÔTHOCTb cTâAa replacement density of the stock BO3MIITIKa = B03bMflJiKa BbspacT age. In Russian as in English, the terms used to designate a fish's age are not always employed consistently. The most frequent usage is as follows, based on that suggested by Chugunova (1959) : Russian English Age designation Terms used in spring (especially before new growth is apparent c% the scale) ceroJléTOK fry (see also JIHtIHHKa) 0 roAOBf4K yearling 1 RByxro,z;oBI3IC two-year-old 2 TpëxroAOBHK three-year-old 3 qeTbIpëxroAoBKK four-year-old 4 Terms used later in the year cero,aéTOK fingerling (see also ceroJléTOK) 0 T,BÿxJIeTKa second-year fish, yearling 1+ TpëxjteTKa third-year fish, two-year-old 2+ IIeTbIpëxJleTxa fourth-year fish, three-year-old 3+ IISITHJIeTKa fifth-year fish, four-year-old 4+ However the distinction between seasons in the use of terms is often ignored. In this event roAoBAK is usually equated to ABÿx,aeTKa, RByx- rOAoBfIK to TpëxjIeTKa, and so on, but I have also seen AByxrOAoBI3K used in the same way as ABÿx,neTKa above. B03pacTHâx rpynna, Bo3pacrHUI Kaacc age-group B03bMI3JIKa (Volga) gill net BOJIK 1. wolf; 2. = 6bILi6K; 3. (Dnepr) a large LiepHOMÔpCKaSi CeJIbab -Black Sea shad

BOJIHI wave BH^rpexxxa B. internal wave, boundary wave BodtôxcKa oxbow BôJIOK portage

BOJIOKÿLIIa, BOJIOKÿLIJKa 1. Scraper; 2. a seine (3aKH,i(HÔÎI HéBOA) lacking a bag (Andreev) ; 3. a small trawl or drag-net; 4. a drag with a num- ber of hooks for collecting large kelps Majtbxbaasl B. fingerling trawl, small-fish trawl BoaIOCâTHK hair-worm, hair-snake; (pl.) Gordiacea (a Class of roundworms) BoJlocâTKa 1. sea raven (Hemitripterus); 2. (pl.) Hemitripteridae (often included in Cottidae) aTnaHTt3Mecxa51 B. (Atl.) sea raven (H. americanus) 06bIKHOBéHHaH B. (W Pac.) Paéific sea raven (H. villosus) BoJIOC03ÿ6, Bxac03ÿ6 sandfish, hairtooth; (pl.) sandfishes, Trichodontidae aMepHK1HCKHIi B. = o6bIKHOBéHHbIIi B. o6bIKHOBéHHbIIi B. Pacific sandfiSh (Trichodon trie7Lodon) CéBepHbIIi B. = 06bIKHOBé.HHbI^t B. xllôHCKHH B. sailfin sandfish, Japanese sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) 39 B0,710C0XB6CT

BoaocoxB6CT cà6asi-pÉi6a—cutlassfish BoaocoxBôc.Tbie cutlassfishes, Trichiuriclae Bo,u6unca confluence of two rivers that join near the sea Boaq6K (gen. Boatutà) 1. top (spinning); 2. Trochus, Calliostoma, etc.— sea-snails, (pl.) Trochidae; 3. little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus); 4. broomrape (Orobanche); 5. hydrometer amS7pciere B. von Schrenck's little bittern (1xobrychus eurhythmus) 60J1bLLIeKJHbBbIil B. =-- AJIHHHOH6Cbel B. .g.71HHHOH6CIDHI B. yellow bittern, Chinese little bittern (ixobrychus sinensis) B6mep moonfish (Vomer) avraaFrrù4ecKm1 B. Atlantic moonfish, horsefish (V. selapinnis) THX00KeàFICKHel B. Pacific moonfish (V. cleclivifrons) Bop thief Ilà,11bMOBBHI B. coconut (Birgus latro) Bopsàxb blubber, oil (of fish, seals or ) aKS7J1I351 B. shark liver oil B. KHT6B whale oil, train oil B. TIO.71éHbH seal oil, train oil Bopo6a sparrow mopcxôil B. lumpfish, lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) B6pox raven mopcK611 B. sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus, H. villosus) B6pox-prIa6a (Indian O.) black butterfish, black pomfret (Pormio niger); (pl.) black butterfishes, Formionidae Bop6fixa 1. funnel; 2. crater; 3. gudgeon (Cottus gobio) B6poT 1. collar; 2. windlass BOO-1'a (pl.) gate à,Rciude B. Hell's Gate—narrow gap in the Fraser River canyon, scene of a spectacular fish stoppage in 1913 BOpOTHAK = Typyrràx—ruff Boponmtut6Bue Choanoflagellata BopqSni grunt, growler, javelin-fish; (pl.) Pomadasyidae (see also pE;i6a- BopqS7H, npricTI4n6ma) ivnioron6aochiI1 B. "many-striped grunt" (Hapalogenys mucronatus) 110,710d.TbIP B. (W Atl.) striped grunt (Haemulon striatus) HYITHACTIDH1 B. 1. (Atl.) pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera); 2. (Indian O.) three-banded grunt (Plectorhynchus cinctus); 3. "spear grunt" (Pomadasys hasta) petm(511 B. (N Am.) freshwater drum, sheepshead (Aplodinotus grunniens) cepe6p1icTo-nsmuicTbik B. (W Atl.) burro grunt, silver-spotted grunt (Pomadasys crocro) geplionêpuil B. "blackfin grunt" (Hapalogenys nigripinnis) HH6HCKHe1 B. = MITHACTbel B0pLISTH(3) BOpHS7H-pOHLUICK (E Afr.) Rhonciscus—a genus of grunts

40 BocHajiéHHe

BocIlWIéHHe inflammation B. IIJIâBaTeJlbHoro IIy3bIpSi inflamation of the (a disease of carp) BocnpoH3B6AcTBO production, reproduction, replacement-the usual Russlan usage seems to combine the meaning of these three words HRHKâTOp B-TBa index of effectiveness of reproduction, index of year-class strength BoccTaHOBJtéHHe replacement, restoration, renewal ^pOBeHb B-HIiSi cTAaa replacement level of stock BocTp06piôtuxa "sawbelly" (Hemiculter)-a genus of cyprinid fishes KopéHCKaH B. "Korean sawbelly" (H. eigenmanni) 06bIKHOBéHHa51 B. "common sawbelly" (H. leucisculus) yccypHHcxax B. "Ussuri sawbelly" (H. leucisc2clus lucidus) BOCTpOXBOCTb = IIIHJIOXBOCTb-pintail BOCTpSiK "vostrak"-an Anadyr whitefish (Coregonus pidschian annulor2dn2) BOCbMIipyK Octomanus-a sessile medusa BOIIIb louse pI;16HasI B. fish louse; (pl.) Argulidae BHa1iAHa hollow, cavity rJIa3HAH B. eye socket, orbit BCKpbITHe 1. dissection; 2. autopsy BcTpe,IâeMocTb frequency Bcsl-pb16a, BcslKax pb16a (Volga, Dnepr) hybrid between roach and bream BTOpALIHOHOJIÔCTHbIIi TIepBb = KÔJIbLiaTblIi xIepBb- BTOpO,>.téTHHH second-year, age 1+ (adj.) Bÿrop 1. (Ukr.) - ÿropb-eel; 2. (Ukr., local) = BbIOH-loach ByRO,qKa (Ukr.) - roaIbslH 03ëpxblfl-lake minnow B16opxa 1. lift (of a gill-net or trap-net), haul (of a seine or trawl); 2. (math.) sample; 3. extract Bb16OpO1qHbIIi sample (adj.) Bb16paKOBKa culling, selective harvesting caHHTlpHaH B. selective killing, culling to improve the stock Bb16p1cHBaTb, Bb16poCHTb to set, to shoot (a net) BbIBOAK6Bau KâMepa brood pouch (in Cladocera, etc.) BbIBO,i[OK (gen. BbIBO)(Ka) brood, year-class Bbl,i[pa, peŸHâH BIiII[pa otter (Lutra and allied genera) acppHKâHcxasl 6ecxor6THa51 B. African nailless otter (Aonyx capensis) BOCT6T3HaH 6ecxor6THax B. (Asia) eastern nailless otter (Aonyx cinerea) rHrâHTCxasl B. (S Am.) giant otter (Pteronura brasiliemsis) HH,txi3Hexast B. Indian otter (Lutra perspicillata) KaHâucxaH B. American otter (Lutra canadensis) KOHrOJie3CKasi B. Congo nailless otter (Paraonyx congica) Koulâ1Ibx B. (S Am.) cat otter, seashore otter (Lutrà felina) MOpeKâx B. sea otter (Enhydra lutris)

41 BY4Apa

061DIKHOBéHHaSI B. (old-world) otter (Luira lutra) necrpoulaiism 13. (Afr.) spotted-neck otter (Lutra macuUcollis) cymaTpAricKan B. Malay otter (Lutra sumatraina) BbOKIIBàemoCTb, BbnialaàxHe survival cx6poerb (or KO34JPIII14éHT) BbING113àeMOCTI4 survival rate BÉIKT1éBbIBaTbCSI, BbIKTI 10HS7TbCfl to hatch, to emerge (from an egg) Bb1J1à13,7111BaTb, BàJI0BYITb to fish out, to fish from, to catch B1IJIeT emergence (of insects from the -water) BÉmos catch, removals (of fish from a body of water) mrreHeimllocrb Baum. rate of exploitation (u): "the ratio between the number of fish caught during a given period (for example a year) and its stock at the beginning of the period" (Konstantinov). It is implied that the fish caught were all present in the stock at the beginning of the period. (See also x034J4)Husbrr) BÉTme'r (ceTel) clearing, cleaning (a net of fish)

BbI110 ■11301‹ earthworm, crawler 6oabiuôi1 B. "big night-crawler" (Lumbricus terrestris) BbinycxàTb to release, to plant (fish) BbIllb 1. = 60J1bLIIâil B.; 2. any bittern (see also BOT1116K) amepmcâmicayi B. American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) 6ciabuiàfi B. (Eurasian) bittern (Botaurus stellaris) MàJIa51 B. little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) césepriasi B. = 60J1bILIé51 B. BbIpmérille 1. phrase, expression; 2. (math.) expression, equetion shipe3S76 1. Black Sea roach (Rutilus frisii); 2. (local) = csémnbill rop6aub (1) —maigre BbICOKOTbIOCTb or cpeipma Téaa 110 BbICOTé [symbol = V] : the ratio of the greatest depth (= height) to the standard length (of a fish) BmcoTà 1. height; 2. depth (vertical distance from dorsal to ventral con- tour of a fish at any specified point); 3. = Hameiembulasi B. B. xsocros6ro cTé6ai5i [symbol =- h] depth of the caudal peduncle Ham6embulaH B. [symbol = Ill depth, greatest depth (of a fish's body) Hallméribmas-1 B. = B. xilocroB6ro CTé6TI5I BIDICOTHbIe1 1. elevated; 2. (meteorol.) upper-air (adj.), aloft BÉIcrpea 1. shot, report, explosion; 2. swinging boom, davit BbICTO&TI 11BaTb, 131ICTpeJIPITb 1. to set, to run out, to shoot (a net); 2. to fire (a gun) BbripsixmBainle removal ( of fish from a gill net) Bàxyximb (m. or f.) desman (Desmana moschata) amepmâncitml B. muskrat (Ondatra zibethica,) impexaciaei B. Pyrenean desman (Calemus pyrenaica) sguleT 1. deduction; 2. (math.) remainder Shill HUI SiTb, 1311:PMCJIHm to calculate, to compute Editiecrb (math.) to subtract

42 BbIlleiTIDIBBTb

BbItleITSBaTb, BY,IIIIITaTb to read through Bbiox 1. loach (lifisgurnus fossilis); 2. (less correctly) spiny loach (Cobitis); 3. (incorrectly) lamprey—used for several species, except in the Baltic region amSTCK1,111 B. "Amur loach" (Misgurnus anguillicaudeus) BOCMHJIHHéAHLIfl mopceil B. eight-lined prickleback, (pl.) Xiphisterinae KopàazoBbill B. "coral prickleback" (Azygopterus corallinus) tiëpHasT B. black prickleback (Xiphister atropurpureus) BblOH-K1103'7H "clown-loach" (Botia macracanthus) Bbioxima a single-funnel trap net made of wooden staves BbRillômie loaches, Cobitidae BblOH61( 1. = BblOH; 2. bindi,veed, morning glory (Convo/vuhts) Bmbunca reel, drum

BMI3b, BH3b , BH3 (Ukr.) = 513b—ide BHBAra dried spinal cord of sturgeon MI)111Tb to dry in the air, to "jerk" (meat)

43 ra-aràs = neràma—shelduck raBBLI ram-1E4mA Ganges gavial (Gavialis gangeticus) ràBpa a simple type of marine trap net, with a lead from shore ràra (also ràrKa, ràBKa, rarSm) eider (duck) (Somateria) r6pHasi = rpe6eriSrunea—king eider rpeauàlecKan r. northern eider (S. mollissima borealis) màaasi r. cH6ùpcKasi r. oftimoBérmasi or HacTokuan r. common eider (S , mollissima mollissima) cltuc6BaR r. spectacled eider (S. fischeri) cHóñpckaH r. Steller's eider (S. stelleri) TmooKeàFicKaii r. Pacifie eider (S. mollissima V-nigrum) ràra-rpe6eFfSquKa = rpe6eli3miKa—spectac1ed eider raraw5K = tiFrp6K-Knolcr3Œ—Baika1 teal raràpa 1. loon, diver (species of Colymbus = Gavia); (pl.) Colymbidae, G-aviidae; 2. (incorrectly) guillemot, murre (see raràpKa) 6eaoKinbBaB r. = 6eaoH6caB r. 6e,now5cafi r. (Am) ) yellow-billed loon, (Eur.) white-billed diver (C. adamsi) 6eaouiéilrian r. Pacifie or white-necked loon (C. arcticus pacificus) 6o.nbiuàB r. 6eacniôcaz r. Kpamio366aB r. red-throated loon (C. stellatus) mopcKàB r. = 6eaoH6casi r. noaocà-raa r. = tieprio366aB r. nweipriaB r. (Am.) common loon, (Eur.) great northern cliver (C. immer) THX001-CeàHCKail r. 1. = 6emmiéfir-mB r.; 2. = lieplio366a2 r. T371-upoBaB F. -= 6e.inni6caB r. tiepfm366asi r. (Am.) arctic loon, (Eur.) black-throated diver (C. arcticus) liepHom5can nomiprian r. raràpKa 1. razor-billed auk, razorbill (Alca torda); 2. any auk; 3. = MOTëHHbel. riàrwiaB—a kind of wooden net float 6ecKpÉuma r. = 6o.ninàB r. 60J1b111à51 r. great auk (Alca impennis) màaasi r. little auk, dovekie (Plautus alle) mmiuKoH6caB r. rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) ra,ru4KyJI (Atl.) silvery pout (Gadiculus argenteus) rajubKa adder, viper mopcKàB r. (Atlantic) viperfish (Chauliodus slowni) TpixooKeàricKaB mopexàyi r. Pacifie viperfish (Chauliodus macouni) ra3006mén respiratory exchange (of gases), respiration (see also o6méri) raeKcm, raaàucBac Galaxias—a genus of southern hemisphere fishes rHrâxTcRafl r. "giant New Zealand whitebait" (G. alepidotus) TacmaidnIcKan r. "Tasmanian whitebait" (G. upcheri)

44 raaaTéa raawréa 1. Galathea—a Danish research vessel; 2. "racket-tailed king- fisher" (Tanisiptera galatea); 3. Neopilina galathea—a primitive mollusc ra.naTeaTayma Galatheathauma axeli—a deepwater , with "bait" in its mouth raxmcogli (S. Afr.) galjoen (Coracinus capensis) razitxtofixosbre Coracinidae—a family of spiny-rayed fishes raneeirr sea catfish (Arius feus = Galeichthys feus) raaépa Portuguese man-o'-war (Physalia) , raaési = cpe,maemHomôpciairi mopcxôfi Hadim ràamsi, rà.n.niu (White Sea) = CeJlb,ab—herring razo6aTec Halobat es—a hydrometrid bug that lives on the sea surface far from shore rano3à8p "salt eel" (Halosauropsis affinis) raao3àsposbre Halosauridae—a family of eels ra.nocpiln halophile (an organism that lives best in salty water) riaotuca check mark, tick radic transect, line of stations rà,ncTyluillic 1. = 6o.imin611 r.; 2. any small plover 6cobulUi r. ringed plover (Gharadrius hiaticula) MáJIbII r. little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius) llepeneniqaTonààbiel r. semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) ràdibica pebbles, shingle ram6ST3FIeame live bearers, mosquitofishes, top-, Poeciliidae ram6S73Ha mosquitofish, topminnow ( Gambusia affinis) BocTôtiliasi r. "" (G. affinis holbrooki) mHccmcùncKasi r. "Mississippi mosquitofish" (G. a. affinis) rax6HAHan (pl;i6a) ganoid (fish) rapx6à.nb,m4 garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicunda) ràpilyc = xàpxyc—grayling rapilaicrHuRam Harpacticoida—a Suborder of rapiu'm harpoon rappa Garra—a genus of small Asian cyprinids rapSmna 1. (Am.) Warsaw grouper (Epinephelus nigritus -= Garuppa nigrita); 2. (E Asia) garuppa (Epinephelus akaara) raptiâx = ropliàx—bitterling ràpullien jack snipe (Lymnocryptes minimus) racaxxy.nenuca = racaxxyakiicKaH ceabAb(2) raccap gassar (Chaetostomus pictus)—a catfish that builds an elaborate nest of vegetation racTpoTpipai Gastrotricha (a Phylum of animals); (sing.) gastrotrich

45 rà.Ta rà.Ta = ycâTag aKS7'aa—nurse shark raTTépnsi New Zealand lizard (Sphenodon punctatus) raTb 1. dam; 2. sea-wall; 3. corduroy road rso3,aapb local name for cyem—zander rao3enta pink, carnation (Dianthus) mopcich r. "sea pink" (Illetridiuni)—a sea anemone rno3,ai1tmllx 1. tapeworm (esp. Caryophyllaeus); 2. avens (Geum)— a plant rBo3,ab 1. nail; 2. (Carpathian region) = màabnl gon rerapitSgin "gegarkuni"—a fast-growing form of Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan) reicroKerrllab (masc.), reirroxoTHamxpenmmiasi pyxà hectocotylized arm (of a ) rémnna = 3meeBA,anag marepéâb remnnzenme, remnaaosme snake , Gempylidae renepaTlinno as regards reproduction r. npecnoemasi pÉt6a freshwater-spawning fish (but it may live in the sea at other times) réminop pit-organ, neuromast repno6,enaa a leech of the genus Herpobdella .7innégriaH r. "striped Herpobdella" (H. lineala) o6bnaiosénnan r. "eight-eyed Herpobdella" (H. octocula) nergépan r. "cave leech" (H. absoloni) reppec Gerres—a genus of mojarras rurrinicTull r. spotted mojarra (G. punctatus) reTepocTnxyc Heterostichus—a genus of clinid fishes rmràrrrcrael r. (E Pac.) giant kelpfish (H. rostratus) re4)4pén gephyreans, Gephyrea (an old invertebrate Phylum now usually divided into Echiurida, Sipuneulida and Priapulida) rn6eab death, mortality màccosan r. mass mortality rn6Acmyc rosemallo w (Hibiscus) rxraHTSTa "tube-eyes" (Gigantura vorax)—a deepsea fish rn,apa Hydra; (pl.)—also rn,aponbie—Hydrida (an Order of coelenterates) rnApo36a. hydrozoan; (pl.)—also rn,apon,anbie—Hydrozoa (a Class of coe- lenterates) rngpon,aa hydroid; (pl.) Hydroidea (a Subclass of coelenterates) rupo.nar Hydrolagus—a genus of chimaeras amepintâncimil r. ratfish (//. colliei) rn,porde2rS/3a hydromedusa rx,aponomill "hydropolyp"

46 rHéxa

rxéxa hyaena (Hyaena) 6^pax r. (S Afr.) brown hyaena, beach hyaena (H. brunnea) rHab3a hilsha, oil sardine (Hilsa)-a tropical clupeid aocT614Hax r. Reeves' shad (H. reevesi) r. HHAH%ICxax , Indian oil sardine (H. ilisha) ,ijJIIdHHOxBÔCTaSi r. = MaJlâHCxax r. xHAooxeâHcxasl r. "kelee" (H. kelee) ManâHCxax r. long-tailed hilsha (H. maacr2cra) rI%ITIb3a-KeJIIi = IdHAooxeâHcxaSi rI3JIb3a rAJtb3a-TojIx "toli" (Hilsa toli) rHn-IaerrodIÔ(^ Atlantic footballfish (HtimantolopTzus groenlandicus) rfIMaHTOJIÔCpoable footballfishes, Himantolophidae rxlvlHapx (Afr.) Gymnarclzus nilotic2is-a fish rI3MHeJIxc fish doctor (Gymnelis viridis) rHMHOcapga cTpôHHax leaping bonito (Gymnosarda elegans whitleyi) rHNIHÔT Gymnotis carapo-a characinoid fish of the family Gymnotidae rHocTxjIxx hyostyle rKneporalx^ Hyperoylyplce-a genus of centrolophid fishes 6KyHeBI3J.[HbIIi r. (W Atl.) barrelfish (H, perciformis) Ibxtxbll3 r. "antarctic driftfish" (H. antarctica) rKrloHéHCTOH hyponeuston (organisms and particles found near the surface of the water, down to about 5 cm, but not in contact with the surface film) (compare BniiHéÎICTOH) rxnoTaJlâMHbIH hypothalamic rHnoc^143âpxbIH hypophyseal rl3nrlonoTâM hippopotamus (Hi,ppopotaanus amplzibius) rxnypâiie hypural (bone) rHpapAHHyc caudy (Girardinus caudomaczclat2cs) rxpéxia 1. (Am.) opaleye (Girella nigricans); 2. any Girella 3e6poaa5i r. "zebra nibbler" (Melngnpliaes zebra) xa.nr3cpopHl3Hcxax r. = rHp&na(1) rtxTHHCTax r. "spotted nibbler" (Girella punctata) 1Iëpxax r. (Aust.) luderick (Girella tric.2ispiclata) tIepH:ono,n6cas r. "black-striped nibbler" (Girella melaniclLtlzys) rHpéJIJtoable nibblers, Girellidae-a family of fishes rxpHHOxeft,>c Gyrinocheilus-cyprinoid fishes of mountain streams cHâMCxHK r. Siamese Gyrinocheilus (G. aymonieri) rxpKÿlua (Ukr., local) = roptiâx-bitterling rPlpoRaxTIdJI63, rI3po1[axTI3dIë3 gyrodactylosis (a fish disease caused by the trematode ectoparasite• Gyroclactyl2as) rxpyAHH63 hirudinosis (infestation by leeches) rxptIâx (Ukr.) = ropuâx-bitterling

47 reiconue reicoBbre, relcconme Pterothrissidae (a family of marine fishes) reicy gissu (Pterothrissus) actIpmâncKasi r. '

48 rHIOc

rHloc electric ray, torpedo, (pl.) Torpedinidae slnôHCKH%I r. Japanese torpedo, numb-ray (NarIce japonica) ro6HOM6pyc (Pac.) bigmouth sleeper (Gobiognorus dormitor) rosopÿutxa Pacific kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla pollicaris) xpacxoHÔrax r. red-legged kittiwake (R. brevirostris) rdro,ab 1. goldeneye-ducks of the genus Bucephala; 2. (Ural R.) float (for a net) aMepiixlHCKIdii F. = r6roJlb-roJloBAcTi3K xcJlâHACKHH r. Barrow's goldeneye (B. islandica) MAJIbIfl r. = rÔroJlb-rOJIOBAcTIdK 06bIKHOB2HHbIIi r. goldeneye (B. clangula) rôrojtb-rojIOBâcTHK bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) rOA0B1JIaSi p916a - ,ZjByxJIéTKa-see B63paCT roAoBAK see BôspacT rOAoB6f4 1. annual; 2. pertaining to a particular year rOMH GOIN-rOCyAApCTBeHHbII%I OKeaHOrpa(pI3,4ecKI3ŸI ŸIHCTI3TÿT (MocxBâ)

roi (a Gilyak word) = caxaJII3HCKi3fi TaIiMeHb-H26cIbo perryi rOaIâBJtb 1. chub (Leuciscus cephalus = Squalius ceplaalzcs); 2. Ket^â,ab KasKâ3cKKi3 r. "Caucasian chub" (Leuciscus cepTcalus orientalis) o3ëpHblï3 IcaBxâscKHH r. "Caucasian lake chub" (Leuciscus ceplaalus platyceplzalus) ycâTbll3 r. "whiskered chub" (Squaliobarbus curriculus) roJleHâcTbie Ciconiifornzes (an Order of birds-storks and allies) rojiéu (1) (gen. ro.Ilbuâ) 1. char (in general-Salvelinus); 2. arctic char (S. alpiiaus); 3. (Kanichatka) Dolly Varden char (S. malma) aMepxKâHcxHR r. = aMepHKâHCxaH nâ,al3sl-brook trout apKTfI14ecxi3A r. = O6bIKHOB2HHbIIi r. r. Apslrxxa "Dryagin's char" (S. d2•jagini) (L. Melkow, Pyasina R. system) ,ijaJIbHeBOCTÔTiHbIIi r. 1. "East Siberian char" (S. leucomaeaais); 2. Dolly Varden char (S. malma) Kc1MeHHbIIi r. = MAJIbMa-Dolly Varden char o6bIKH0BéHHbII%I r. arctic char (S. alpinus) OsëpxbIH r. 1. (Am.) lake trout (S. namaycuslz); 2. (Eur.) alpine char (S. salvelinus) Tl3xooxe^HCKIiI%I r. = Mâ,abMa-Dolly Varden char i-IyKÔTCKHii r. "Chukclli char" (S. aaidriashevi) SIK^TcKi3I%I r. "Yakut char" (S. jacuticus) ro,aéu (2) (Ukr. roJIéub) 1. stone-loach, groundling (Ne9naclb2l26s barba- tulus); 2. any species of Nemackilus or related genera aMyAapbHHCKHH r. "Amu-dar stone loach" (N. oxiamus) aHaTOJIfIfICKI3Ii r. "Anatolian stone loach" (N. lendli) allrôpcKHi! r. "Angora stone loach" (N. angorae) 6yxâpcKHfI r. Bukhar stone loach (N. annudarjensis) BOCTÔLIHbIIi rpe6éHLIaTbIÿl r. "eastern crested stone loach" (N. malapte- rurus lOnglca'I6da)

49 ro.néu (2)

BOCbMHS7CIDIfi F. eight-whiskered stone loach (Lefua costata) r. Hecc,llepa "Kessler's stone loach" (N. kessleri) r. Kpbminucoro "Krynitsky's stone loach" (N. merga) I-.. KywaRéuHtia "Kushakevich's stone loach." (N. kuschahewitschi) r. CéBepuoba Severtsov's stone loach (N. sewerzowi) r. Orwmgicoro = T146éTCKM1 r. rpe6éHqaTbifi r. = 3ânaHbI rpe6éH4aTbrii r. 3à.ria,Embill rpe6én4aTbdi r. "western crested stone loach" (N. malapte- rurus malaptentrus) F. "Indian stone-loach" (N. brevis) KapaxSTabcxmil r. "Kara-kul stone loach" (N. lacus-nigri) KamràpcxmI r. "Kashgar stone loach" (N. yarkandensis) icypAxcxmil r. "Kura stone loach" (N. brandti) mapHaKSmbcxkul r. "Markakul stone loach" (N. barbatulus toni- markakulensis) namApcxkul r. "Pamir stone loach" (N. stoliczkai tenuis) rioaocàTbal r. "tiger stone loach" (N. tigris cyri) CépbI r. "grey stone loach" (N. dorsalis) ced3ImpSTAcm4fi r. "Sefid-rud stone loach" (N. bergianus) cH6Apcxel r. "Siberian stone loach" (N. ba,rbatulus toni) TaJoiduccioU r. "Tajik stone loach" (N. pardali.$) Tépcia411 r. "Terek stone loach" (N. barbatulus caucasiens) TH6éTcmHel r. "Tibetan stone loach" (N. stoliczkai) T6MCKHil r. "Tom River stone loach" (N. barbatulus toni—tomianus) TypKméliciadl r. "Turkmenian stone loaeh" (N. sargadensis) TypxméFicKHil rpe6énuaTbul r. "Turkmenian crested stone loach" (N. cristatus) X1,113ùHCKI4e1 r. "Khivin stone loach" (N. amudarjensis choresmi) roaéu (3) alpine tundra ranég - ry6à11 = ry6àq(1) ro.no6plbxme apodal fish; (pl.) Apodes roaosà head r. roprembi basket starfish (Gorgonocepha/us) abmhiau r. (tropical Atl.) flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans Cephalacanthus volitans) roJrosà-pYq6a 1. = 06bIKHOBéHHail r.; 2. (pl.) molas, Molidae 061DIKHOBéHHaS1 r. ocean sunfish (Motu, mola) ro,imuàcrux tadpole, pollywog cae; roaoskTmca a tadpole-shaped impression on the sagittal bone of sciaenid fishes ro,imsâTuu,fl (Carpathian region) = ,TwHàfIcianl Jwc6cb—Danube salmon ro.nosà-rbnI (Black Sea) = 6bu-c6R-roaouâ4—"bighead goby" roaosà4 1. (Megaptera nodosa); 2. = noe,Râmexamic- sculpin; 3. = rwcâmb—chub; 4. = xecIA.nb-rwconà4—"bigheacl mullet"; 5. = 6brE5K-rwrouâti—bighead goby r6aonenb (Ukr.) = roaâmb—chub rcmonënixa 1. "Amur sleeper", "goloveshka" (Perccottus glehni); 2. other species of Eleotridae

50 roaonëuneonbie rozoBêifixonbie sleepers, Eleotridae roJionlimia head of a sturgeon (prepared as an edible product) roa6ska head (of the vomer)—a bone on the roof of the mouth r0J1(513J1b = roaàBab—chub roaonorpSTAb cephalothorax r0aoBou6riA (moainbcx) cephalopod; (pl.) Cephalopoda (a Class of mol- luscs, including and octopus) roaonox6p,r(onme Cephalochordata roaoatà6epubili (modunbcK) nudibranch, sea-slug; (pl.) Nudibranchiata (an Order of molluscs) rodromsiFixa. 1. "golomanka", Baikal oil-fish (Comephorus—pelagic fishes related to sculpins); 2. aùpa-pà6a—dragonet 60abiuàsi r. "big golomanka (C. luticalensis) màaan r. "little golomanka" (C. dybowskii) roaormauKT6F1 holoplankton (organisms that live their whole lives pelagically) ro.noTplifi sea-, holothurian; (pl.) Holothuria = Holothurioidea (a Class of echinoderms—see also mopcm6i1 orypéu, Tpenànr) 6e3H6rHe r-pm4 Apoda (an Order of holothurians) 60xon6rile r-pm4 Elasipoda (an Order of holothurians) 6otiouxoo6pbrime r-pHH Molpadonia (an Order of holothurians) Apenonn,ruioulynàabgeBbie r-pmi Dendrochirota (an Order of holothurians) xpâcHasi r. (Cal.) red sea-cucumber (Pachithyone rubra) Hacroùuure r-pmi true holothurians, Holothuriidae neaarÉtrecKan r. pelagic holothurian (Pelagothuria natatrix); (pl.) Pelagothuriidae nectiânayi r. "sandy sea-cucumber" (Brandtotlturia arenicola) c'be2I,66HaH r. = Tpenânr Tà1"4HCTBeHHafl lieLLI3MgaTail r. Psolus phantapus ypli0o60.3Hasi r. "urn-shaped sea-cucumber" (Phyllophorus urna) tiëfniafl r. "poisonous black sea-cucumber" (Ludwigothuria atra) treinSnlqa.rbie r- pins "scaly sea-cucumber" (Psolus antarcticus); (pl.) Psolidae inepoxoBâTan r. "rough sea-cucumber" (Holothuria scabra) nuinormiwomyriàabgesme r-pHyt Aspidochirota (an Order of holothurians) rozy66x 1. dim, of r6ay6b—pigeon; 2. columbine (Aquilegia) mâncxxel r. Cape pigeon (Daption capensis)—a shearwater mopucelei r. slender-billed gull (Lame genei)

roaxa (L. Volkhov) = amég—blue bream r6amil naked, bare roahnu (Odessa) = mepaàxxa—Black Sea whiting HCCIDIKK3'7,71bCKFIll r. "Issyk-kul gubach" (Nemachilus strauchi ulacliolicus) roJlb(PulTp6m gulf-istream

51 POTITAH roabsix 1. (common) minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus); 2. any species of Phoxinus aarràficKmil r. "Altai minnow" (P. phoxinus ujmonensis) amSrpciae r. = r0,11b5iH nar6BCICOr0 6aaxàrucKmil r. "Balkhash minnow" (P. poljakowi) r. 14rHâTosa "Ignatov's minnow" (P. czekanowskii ignatowi) r. JIar6BcKoro "Lagovsky's minnow" (P. lagowskii) r. 4eKaH6BCKOro "Chekanovsky's minnow" (P. czekanowskii) r. 4épcuoro "Chersky's minnow" (P. czechanowskii czerskii) gâHuHrcrcrf O3ëpHbIfi r. "Danzig lake minnow" (P. percnurus gdaniensis) 3allcànueml r. "Zaisan minnow" (I'. selednikowi) HCCbIKKS7J1bCKHR r. "Issyk-kul minnow" (P. issylekulensis) KwràficxxiI r. "Chinese minnow" (P. lagowskii oxycephalus) Koaxù,acKei r. "Colchis minn.ow" (P. phoxinus colchicus) masinKSTpcmifi r. narâncxoro = r. JlareiBeicoro (also spelt malibi-)icSipcxffil) maRIDKSrpeicifil osêprimil r. "Manchurian lake minnow" (Phoxinus percnurus niantschuricus) o3êpxhril r. "lake minnow" (P. percnurus) nômalicKHP r. "Poznan minnow" (P. czekanowskii posnaniensis) n6abckmel r. "Polish minnow" (P. percnurus dybowskii) petili6II r. minnow (P. phoxinus) caxam1Hexpifl o3ëpxbiel r. "Sakhalin lake minnow" (P. percnurus sachalinensis) ceMHpéeHcJcHii r. "short-tail minnow" (P. brachyurus) cpeimeB6.7mcmllfi 03ëpFIBIrl r. "mid-Volga lake minnow" (P. percnurus stagnalis) cyllii)Snicme r. "Suifun minnow" (P. czecanowskii suifunensis) Hri6FicKffil r. fat minnow (P. steindachneri) roabsiii - Kpachica = peqx6II r0,71bYili mash< KacrubIcxxil (Ukr.) "Caspian goby" (Neogobius caspius) r0m4303 Gomphosus—a genus of tropical wrasses ronéu = 6LITE5K-roHéu(1)—goad goby roinkTmil Gonistius—a genus of jackass-fishes 5111ÔFICKPIII r. Japanese jackass-fish (G. zonatus) rem-wpm-ix "anglesnout" (Gonorhynchus abbreviatus) roHopAFixosbie Gonorhynchidae—a family of fishes roxocTôma lightfish, Gonostoma ray6oKoduHail r. "deepwater lightfish" (G. bathyphilum) roHocT6mosbie lightfishes, Gonostomidae—a family of mostly mesopelagic fishes rop6 hump rop6à.q humpback whale (11Iegaptera nodosa) rop63',7H (Anadyr region) = BocrolmocH6Apcimil clir—"east Siberian whitefish" rop6yH6K = mopceil KOHëie—Sea horse

52 rop6Snua rop6Squa (adj. rop63'nuetmel) 1. pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha); 2. (Black Sea) = CBéTJIbIel ropUmb-maigre rop6Siunca 1. (E Asia) "gorbushka" (Erythroculter oxycephalus); 2. (Amur R.) = rop6Suna-pink salmon; 3. (incorrectly) -= yxaéri- "lookup"; 4. (Black Sea, local) = cmapfua o3ëpuasi r. = rop6Sruixa (1) peiniàsi r. = yméll-"lookup" rop6maëuasi (piMa) 1. (W Atl.) black drum (Pogonias cromis); 2. (pl.) drums, croakers (Sciaenidae) rop6Érah 1. slab (of wood); 2. (E Atl.) croaker (Otolithes nebulosus); 3. (Jap.) "imbricate drum" (Miichthys imbricatus); 4. (pl.) drums, croakers (Sciaeniclae); 5. (S Afr.) kabeljou (Johnius hololepidotus); 6. (S Afr.) tasselfish (Sciaena capensis); 7. = Tânibik r.(1); 8. (Peru) Stellifer aacTpaaùguanl r. 1. (Aust.) teraglin (Zeluco steloclus); 2. (Aust.) mul- loway (Sciaena antarctica) arirôabcia4g r. (E Atl.) " croaker" (Johnius angolensis) r. 1. (E Pac.) white seabass, silver seatrout, white weakfish (Cynoscion nobilis); 2. (W Pac.) white Chinese croaker, roncador (Argyrosomus argentatus); 3. = BOJIHACTbIel r. 6oabluepôTbill r. = pgi6a-xam-niu-captainfish óOJIbmôfI NtëaTuri r. big yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) 6opoeTbiii r. (W Atl.) black drum (Pogonias cromis) BWIHACTbIel r. (W Atl.) Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus) >icëxrbill r. (MT Pac.) 1. yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena manchurica); 2. = 60JIMII6R >KëJITbIÇI r. Koziogeroa6Bmil r. "spiny-headed drum" (Collichthys luciclus) icpâmbiel r. 1. (W Atl.) red drum (Sciaenops ocellata); 2. "red croaker" (Otolithes ruber) maJlop6Tial r. =-- maaopôTasi pgi6a-Kanprrà.H màabiel m(ëJrrhiti r. little yellow croaker (Pseuclosciaena polyactis) OpJdifibIil (E Atl.) meagre, maigre, corvina, shadefish (Argyrosomus regium = Sciaena aquila) nectiàFimil r. (W Atl.) silver perch, sand perch (Bairdiella chrysura) noaockrbilI r. 1. (W Atl.) white croaker, kingfish (Genyonemus line- atus); 2. "striped drum" (Cynoscion striatus); 3. = maaopôTasi pÉi6a-KanFrrân-"sma11mouth captainfish" IIFITHfteTbdi r. (W Atl.) spotted seatrout, spotted -weakfish (Cynoscion nebulosus); 2. (S Asia) two-spined jewfish (Johnius diacanthus) pet-n-1611 r. (N Am.) freshwater drum, sheepshead (Aplodinotus grunniens) CBéT.71bIrl r. 1. (E Atl.) = opaffilbik r.; 2. (E Atl.) = csévran ym6pima-"curly drum"; 3. (M,T Atl.) sand seatrout, white seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) cepe6pelcrudi r. 1. "sil-very croaker" (Otolithes argenteus); 2. = 110,110CàTbIti r.(2) cepé6psnimil r. (Jap.) white croaker (Argyrosomus argentatus) cépbdi r. (W Atl.) -weakfish, gray weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) cyRâtuifi r. 1. (W Atl.) northern kingfish (Menticirrhus saxatilus); 2. Cynoscion-an American genus of sciaenid fishes; 3. (pl.) king whitings (Menticirrhus)

53 rop6giab

TèmHbril r. 1. (NE Atl.) ombre (Corvina nigra = Sciaena umbra); 2. (W Atl.) = 60poiLâTbal r. tiepxo)Kà6epribiti r. "black-cheeked drum" (Collichthys niveatus) gepHopôTbill r. black (Chinese) croaker (Argyrosomus nibe) qêpxbill r. 1. (NE Atl.) ombre (Corvina nigra); 2. (jap.) black croaker (A_rgyrosomus nibe); 3. (SW Atl.) = 6opo,a'aTbiti F. 10)KHO#1314KàHCKHri F. kabeljou, cob (Argyrosomus hololepidotum) ib)KribllI F. geelbek, "southern croaker" (Atractoscion aequiclens) rop6il1ib-6epége "Peruvian croaker" (Larimus gulosus) rop61Inb-6epélie moil 646e "bearded croaker" (Ctenosciaena peruviana) rop6anb-uariHTâx "captain" (Pseudotolithes) 6oablnôt1 F. "big captain" (P. typus) maaoperrmil r. (W Afr.) "smallmouth captain" (P. brachygnathus) ceHerâabutei r. "Senegal captain" (P. senegalensis) rop5}mb-K6K0 coco (Paralonclutrus peruanus) rop61Iub-mikmEc mismis (1VIenticirrhus oplvicephalus, M. nasus) ropUmb-xôao (SW Atl.) "Patagonian drum" (Sciaena hololepidotus) roproxa basket starfish; (pl.) Gorgonocephalidae roproxâplisi, roproHfuL, ropreamsi gorgonian coral; (pl.) Gorgonaria roproxou,ecima basket starfish, Gorgonocephalus ropRérib hoisting or hauling line ropég smartweed, knotweed (Polygonum) 3emHos621FibuI r. amphibious knotweed, willow-grass (P. amphibium) nepétaibiil r. water pepper (P. hydropiper) ropaâtI (Nikolaev) = 611ti(mc-umpleri—syrman goby r6paHua turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) rôpao throat ropaosAxa. 1. (of ) hatch; 2. (of streets) manhole ropaos6i1 gular, throat (adj.) ropzonêpasi fish with pelvic fins near the throat ropellumma pea clam (Pisidium) roptiàrc bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus amctrus) amSipciaU r. Amur bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus) r. JlailTa "Light's bitterling" (Pseudoperilampus lighti) Kombtmfi F. "spiny bitterling" (Acanthorhodeus asmussi) xaxidffielonl itoaibtuifi r. "Chan-ka bitterling" (Acanthorhodeus chankaensis) FOCJI0B state fishing enterprise, state fishery rocHHOPX GosNIORKh—rocyepcutexHuti HaSn4x0-14CCJIe,a0BâTeJlbCKPlil HHCTHTSTT o34Horo H petillôro pÉi6noro X035irICTBa (Jlexmxrpaz,) rocTOHme (Ukr.) = màaa2 xeclAab—"little mullet" ro4epeaaë3 noferellosis—a disease of cyprinids, caused by the microspori , dian Hof erella cyprini rphllei gravel

54 rpaAyHp6mca rpa,aympéinica calibration rpagyco,aérlb degree-day (a measure of expected development of fish eggs —the sum of the mean Celsius temperatures on successive days of de- velopment) rpbrrep (SE Pac.) grunter (Conodon nobi/is) rpacg column (in a table)—not graph rpe6eHSTunca king eider (Somateria spectabilis) rpe6eHHâTxa (Eur.) comb mussel (Cristoria plicata)—a freshwater clam rpe6en4aTo3ST6bie Taxoclonta (an Order of clams) rpe6éHnuik tamarisk (tree) rpé6eHb 1. comb; 2. collar; 3. crest (of a wave, or hill) saTbuiffillibiri r. occipital crest (of scorpaenid fishes) • rpe6éH 1. rower; 2. diving beetle of the genus Plat ambus rpe6eui6K (gen. rpe6eune) 1. scallop (Pecten and allied genera), (pl.) Pectinidae; 2. = rpé6eHb amepincàiicxHil r. Digby scallop (Pecten grandis) 6epHfiromôpculfi r. "Bering scallop" (Chlamys beringianus) 6o.ribui611 r. great scallop, coquille St. Jacques (Pecten maximus) ray6orcoHô,aHmil r. "deepwater scallop" (Propeamussium frigidum) r. MarémaHa "Magellan scallop" (Pecten magellanicus) rpermàitacianI r. "Greenland scallop" (Propeamussium groenlandicum) FIC,71à1-1,aCKHP' r. scallop (Chlamys islandicus) MâdIbIti r. queen (Chlamys opercularis) npHm6pcxHil r. "Yezo scallop" (Pecten yessoensis) THxooKe.aFicicHfi r. Pacific bay scallop (Pecten laqueatus) HepHom6pcxml r. "Black Sea scallop (Chlamys ponticus) tieinSTIIHaTbdi r. "scaly scallop" (Propeamussium imbriferum) sin6HcKFH1 r. Japanese bay scallop (Pecten aequisulcatus) rpe6asiK water boatman, corixid; (pl.) Corixidae rpe6HeHffic, rpe6HêHHHic comb-jelly, ctenophore; (pl.) Ctenophora (a Phylum of invertebrates) rpe6FierMoB tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps)

rpe6He36 =- rpe6He3Si6aH axSraa—cowshark xamPopHiCAcitHil r. sevengill shark, "California sevengill" (Notorhynchus maculatus) naocKoroesbnl r. "flat-headed sevengill shark" (Notorhylichus platycephalus) y3Koroz6Bbnl r. (E Asia) "long-headed sevengill shark" (Heptra,nchias perlo) rpetiema buckwheat no,,asfflan r. water smartweed (Polygonum amphibium) rpH6 mushroom mopcK6II r. sea toadstool (Tentorium senzisuberites)—a sponge rpmagenbre= Caristiidae—manefishes rp11/13 grilse

55 rpHHRa rpHHAa , pothead whale, grind (Gbobicephala melas) o6bIKHOBéxxa5i r. = rpKHAa ceBepoTHxooxeâHCxaH r. = tlëpxax r. TponfuIecxasl r. tropical pilot ",hale (Globicephala macrorhyncha) 1Iëpxax r. Pacific pilot whale (Globicephala scammoni) rpxcp vulture n1JIbMOBbIA r. = rpli4)oBbIii opJlâH-vulturine sea-eagle rpôynep grouper; (pl.) Serranidae raBâHCKKii r. = TayBfIHa ?KëJITOnëpblI%I r. yellowfin grouper (Mycteroperca venenosa) KpâCHbIIi r. "red grouper" (Cephalopholis miniatus) IIOJIOCâTbIIÎ r. "banded grouper" (Epinephelus fasciatus) CHé?KHbIIi r. snowy grouper (Epinephelus niveatus) CÔTOBbIÎd r. "honeycomb grouper" (Epinephelus merra) 5In6HCKHH r. "Japanese grouper" (Aulacocephalus temmincki) rpoxôTKa caviar sieve-fine cotton netting on a round frame of withes, through which sturgeon eggs are rubbed to separate them from the stroma of the ovary rpyAHÔK pectoral, breast (adj.) rpy,qxonëpble fish having the pelvic fins in the •forward position (e.g., perch) rpy3fl1fo 1. plumb bob; 2. sounding lead; 3. weight, lead, sinker (on fish- ing gear); 4. water gauge rpyHT 1, ground, soil; 2. bottom (under water) rpÿHTpon (or rpÿHAporl) ground line, ground rope, foot rope (of a trawl) -a line suspended below the lead line >KëcTKHi-t r. hard ground rope (cable with iron rpy3Hjtâ threaded on it) MsirKHH r. soft ground rope (steel cable wound with heavy hemp rope) rpÿnep = rpbyrlep rpÿnna group Bo3pacTHâH r. age-group rpynnHpbBtca classification, grouping r. p^i6 classification of fishes. Denisov suggests the following categories: npoMbICJIÔBbie = commercial; HenpoMblc.nôBbie = non-commercial; HeoxpaHSieMble' = unprotected (by law); oxpaHSIeMble (6e3 JIIiMI3Ti3- pÿeMbix) = protected, but without a quota; JtHMHTHpÿeMble = protected and with a quota rpst3eBHK water beetle of the genus Cercyon rpsl30BHK broad-billed sandpiper (Limicola falcinellus) rya3éTa (W Atl.) mutton hamlet (Alphestes afer) ryaKaMâHS[ (W Atl.) rainbow parrotfish (Scarus guacamaia) ryaca jewfish (Epinephelus itajara = Promicrops itajara) ryaTHBépe (W Atl.) coney (Cephalopholis fulva) ry6â 1. tiller, helm; 2. bay, gulf; 3. lip

56 ry6àH ry6àH 1. (NW Atl.) tautog, blackfish (Tautoga onitis); 2. (NW- Atl.) cuiller (Tautogolabrus adspersus); 3. (N Pac.) California sheepshead (Pimelometopon pulchrum); 4. (Aust.) parrot (a labrid fish); 5. (Black Sea) = 6biti6x-xpyr.i1ix—round goby; 6. (E Atl.) "golden wrasse" (Labrus berggylta); 7. = aeaexYmita—sea parrot; 8. (pl.) wrasses (Labridae); 9. = 6biLi6x-ry6ax axcrpaidecxxiI r. 1. (Aust.) grouper (Achoerodus gouldi and Neoodax balteatus); 2. (pl.) "southern wrasses", Odacidae raaalikrmil = pyaex—"eye-spot wrasse" zinismonëphiti r. (E Atl.) hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus) exporiéficitmg r. cuckoo wrasse (Labrus nvixtus = L. ossifagus = L. bimaculatus) ey6àTbnl r. (Eur.) corkwing (Crenilabrus melops, C. tinea) xpacHo3ST6biil r. "redtooth wrasse" (Callyoclon orifrons) flocàTbik' r. "long-nosed wrasse" (Symphodus scina) naTinkTbik r. = nepenémœ—"quail wrasse" cepé6lismbdi r. (S Afr.) silverfish (Argirosoma argirosoma) ry6àfi-nepené,1nta = nepenéan—quail wra,sse rynx-tiAcrilinum = ry6àFit4u ry6axosibie wrasses, parrotfishes, Labridae rynxtisix "cleaning wrasse" (Labroides phthirophagus)—a small fish that eats material from the surface of morays, etc. ry6âilb (Ukr., local) = 6biLiôle-KpyrK—"round goby" ry6acTxx monkey flower (Illimulus) ry6à.ti 1. "gubach"—several cobitid fishes of central Asia; 2. = ninfiA- CTbIfi r.; 3. = Liyityqàx—redside sucker; 4. = xeckàab-xemhiœthick- lipped mullet 0,aHOCBéTHbIll r. "plain gubach" (Nemachilus labiatus) HHTHACTbIil I'. "spotted gubach" (Nemaehilus strauchi) rSr6ita sponge; (pl.) Porif era, Spongia (a Phylum of invertebrates) 6ailità,imcican r. Baikal sponge (Baikatospongia, Lubomirskia); (pl.) Lu- bomirskiidae rpétiecitasi r. = Tymévrriag r. r. P6cca "Ross's sponge" (Rossella) xaxecTexas' r. calcareous sponge (Leucosolenia, etc.); (pl.) Calcarea Calcispongia (a Class of sponges) excitasi r. "horse sponge" (Hippospongia communis) Kpemuhax r. = crewgnu-lag- r. KpemHepôroaasi r. (pl.) Cornacuspongida (an Order of sponges) 06biltsi0xéfmaa r. common sponge; (pl.) Demospongia (a Class of sponges) npecex6,maa r. freshwater sponge (Spongilla) np66exa1 r. "cork sponge" (Suberites domuncula, etc.); (pl.) Suberi- tidae p6roxasi r. prickly sponge (Hireinia variabitis) r. boring sponge (Clione) creitaihman r. glass sponge; (pl.) Hexactinellida = Hyalospongia Tyméniaa r. bath sponge (Spongia of ficinalis, Hippospongia commuais, etc.)

57 rÿ6Ka

TyaJIéTHaH r. 3i3M6Kxa "zimocca sponge" (Spongia zimocca) LteTblpëxalytieBâsl r. four-rayed sponge•; (pl.) Tetraxonida (an Order of sp onges ) ry6xoéA sponge-eater uIeCTHno,aôcbiit r. six-banded eoralfish (Vinculum sexfasciatum) ry6oBI3Ha small bay ryAy314H Gudusia-a genus of freshwater clupeids 6KpMallcxasl r. Burma gudusia (G. varicgata) HHAHHCxax r. Indian gudusia (G. chapra) rÿx"K bridle (a short piece of rope or cable used to join two parts of a net or net rig) ryMéHHI3K 1. = 60JIbiuôH r.; 2. allied species and subspecies of Anser 6oabtuôH r. bean goose (A. fabalis fabalis) BocT0qH0CK6f4pcKHH TÿHAposblH r. Swinhoe's goose (A. fabalis serrirostris) 31naAHb1li TYI HApOBbIIi r. = 60JIbUIbii r. KOpOTKOKJIIÔBbIIi r. pink-footed goose, short-billed goose (A. brachyrhynchus) JIecHÔIi r. = Taë?KHbIii r. pbmeroJIÔBbIÎ3 r. = Taë1KHbIi%I r. TaëxtxblH r. taiga goose, Middendorff's goose (A. fabalis sibiricus) rÿnnH guppy (Lebistes reticulatus) rypâMx gourami (0sphronemus goramy) rojiy66H r. "blue gourami" (Trichogaster trichopterus sumatranus) 30JIOTÔIi r. "golden gourami"-a form of the above rycâK gander rycâpHlc (lower Don) _ tIon-Aspro rycTepâ white bream, silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) 3axaBKA3CKaH r. "Azerbaijan white bream" (B. b. transcaucasica) rycb goose (see also ryMéHHF3K, Ka31pICa) 6mo,nô6biH r. white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) 6éablH r. snow goose (Chen caerulescens) roxy669 r. = 6eaoluéH-emperor goose rôpxblH r. bar-headed goose (Eulabeia inclica) erftr[eTCKH%I r. Egyptian goose (Chaenal,.opex aegyptiaca) HHj[I-IiiCKI3Ii r. = r6pHbII3 r. KHTAIiCKI3Ii r. = cyxoHÔc-Chinese swan-goose Kypf1HbIH r. "Australian goose" (Cercopsis novae-hollandiae) césepHblÎi r. = 6édIbIft r. cépblit r. grey-lag goose (Anser anser) CHéHSHbIIi = 6eJIbIfi r. IHnôpueBblH r. spur-winged goose (Plectropterus gambensis) ryTryHHHH cepAqeBltAHasi Ilouttuynia cordata-a Chinese plant of the lizard's-tail family rxâpIdaJI = raHrAIicKIili raBId1JI rblp-rblp (Black Sea) = cTxxcH6H TROC

58 A

AasaTLIâH (Baikal region) "Frolikh char" (Salvelinus alpinus erythrinus) ,i(aKT14JIorHp63 dact}-logyrosis-a disease of fish caused by the ectoparasitic trematode Dactylo^yras, usually found on the . In carp there are two rather different forms of the disease, caused by D. vastator (form A) and D. extensus (form B) AâJtJtHesbre Alaska blackfishes, Dallidae A^A,aHR, AAJrHSI Alaska blackfish (Dalli,a pectoralis) AâJIbHOCTb njIâBaHHSI cruising range (of a vessel) ,qâHKO Danio-a genus of small cyprinids of SE Asia, often used in aquaria MajIa6âpcKHH R. Malabar Danio (D. 7nalabaricus) AâHHO-pépHO Brachydanio rerio

,ijAHHble data npOBépenxble R. adjusted data, corrected data, checked data ,aapTep (N Am.) darter-a fish of the pereid subfamily Etheostominae I(acux.njiyc Dascyllus-a genus of damselfishes nHTHIICTbIIi ,iJ. "three spot reeffish" (D. trimaculatus) AâTa 1. date; 2. (rarely) data liâcpHi3x water-flea, Daphnia ,1[BI%IraTeJlb BAJIbTepa turbine engine ABOI-iLIHbIIi binary ABÔHKa 1. pair, two of anything; 2. dinghy, rowboat ABOI%IH03^6 = MOpCKÔIi Kap1Cb(1)-gilthead ABOp 1. yard, courtyard; 2. the first compartment (sometimes having two sections) of a pound net or trap net, into which the fish are led by the lead j[BOiiICOAbIIIIâLLjaSi, RByRbnllauuasl (pb16a) lungfish (Protopterus, Lepidosi. ren, A'eoceratodus); (pl.) Dipnoi ABy3y6 porcupinefish (Diodon)-see also ëxc-pbi6a ObIKHOBéHHbIH A. porcupinefish, common porcupinefish (D. hpstrix) RBy3y6onble, ABy3ÿ6bie porcupinefishes, Diodontidae Z[ByKIdCTÔLIHIdK Tp0CTHIdKOBI3j[HbIIi reed canary grass (Typhoides arundinacea) ABÿKpbIJI 1. fly, (pl.) Diptera; 2. two-wing flyingfish (Exocoetus) 06bIKH0BéHHbIIi A. tropical two-wing flyingfish (Exocoetus volitans) RByxpbIJtble flies, Diptera AByjIërollHble (pb16bl) 1. Dipneumones (an Order of lungfishes); 2. Le- pidosirenidae (a falnily of lungfishes) AByMépHbIii (math.) two-dimensional

59 AByCT136 ptiaTmÉl

,anyc-rw5pqa-rbill (mozaiticK), gsycraôpica bivalve (mollusc); (pl.) Pelecy- poda, Lamellibranchiata, (a Class of molluscs) nacrosim,He g-mie Eulamellibranchia (an Order of clams) gsySicrica distome (flatworm); (pl.) Digenea (a Subclass of trematodes) xi-rrâncitasi A. Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis) gByxsmfrosôe twin screw (sometimes on the same shaft) gnyxrogoeilafl pù6a a fish of age 2+ gByxrogoem see 136 3pacr 1Byxxcà6epribie, gEtyma.6eplime Dibranchiata (a Subclass of ) —includes squids, octopus gnyméTrinil 1. (of plants) biennial; 2. (of animais) yearling, of age 1+ gsyméTH5151 (or rogosLiag) pi16a yearling, a fish in its second year of life (not a 2-year-old), a fish of age. 1+ (see also 1363pacT) ,g13yXJ1eT61( (masc.) Or gByméTita (fem.) = gsyménisisi génep (Carpathian region) = menéu—white-eyed bream geshx, geencniii (geol.) (period) ,gens.rrllnêpKa = nocrolniocH6Apcitaii Tpecità.—toothed cod gerezbmmin43à111-1Y1 dehelminthization, deworming (medicinal removal of parasitic worms from the gut) gegBUIT deadweight gégKa dragonfly of the family Gomphidae geKanôg 1. decapod ; 2. decapocl mollusc geichTp1,11-1CKHR adjective from ,,Ue Kamm, a cape and town in the Strait of Tartary ,guléme (math.) division gediÉnuoe (math.) dividend geàfrreab (math.) divisor gezfrrbcsi (math.) to divide lia divide by geablimbi 1. dolphin, porpoise—a general name for most small cetaceans; 2. = geabc1AH-6eao66uxa ascnamifIcKHel g. Australian dolphin (Lagenorhynehus australis) ama3ôxcia411 A. 1. Amazon freshwater dolphin (Inia geof frensis); 2. Amazon river dolphin (Sotalia fluvialilis) 6u1066m.iP g. white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynehus aeutus) 6eaomopRbril es. white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynehus albirostris) 6ecKarenibuI n. broadsnout dolphin (Peponocephala electra) 6ecnépuil g. northern right whale porpoise (Lissodelphis borealis) rânrcKi411 g. blind river dolphin (Platanista gangetica,) rsHàxcKmil g. Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) Flep6Ha Peron's dolphin (Lissodelphis peroni)

60 Jr,e.nbcp;ni

A.71mmolcarbinifi A. long-beaked dolphin (Sotalia) AaminiopÉune A. long-snout dolphin (St enella longirostris) 3arlaAlioackpintà.Humfi A. West African dolphin (Sotolia teuszi) 30HACKHrl 6éAbill R. Borneo dolphin (Sotalia borneensis) Hpasa,aenlcimil g. Irawaddy dolphin (Oreella brevirostris) Kwrâilcxml 6éabill A. Chinese white dolphin (Sotalia ehinensis) KHTeICKH'il OepHbill Chinese lake dolphin (Lipot es vexillif er) KFITOBAAHbel or KHT0061A3Hbill A. whale dolphin (Lissodelphis) xamaoroa6amil a dolphin of the genus Cephalorhynchus Kaiosopalbiti A. beaked whale (Ziphius); (pl.) Ziphiidae KO p OTICo ro a6sbIel g. shorthead dolphin ( Lag enorhynehus) xpecToBAAHmil A. (Antarctic) cross dolphin (Lag enorhynehus eruciger) AaruiàTcniii A. La Plata dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) MOpIIIHHHCT033'76bill g. wrinkle-toothe-1 dolphin (Steno bredanensis)

06bIKHOBéHHbel = Ae.nbcpim - 6eao661ixa nermil A. pied dolphin (C ephal orhynchus commersoni) 110.710CàTbIri A. striped dolphin, striped porpoise (Lag enorhynchus obliquidens) npecnon6AHmil petui6ft freshwater dolphin (any species) capaexcxml A. Sarawak dolphin (Lag enodelphis hosei)

césepHmA RHTOBet72(Hbiel . northern right whale porpoise (Lissodelphis borealis) cépmil g. Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) TFIXOOKeàHCKHil 6eJ10661(Hei g. = 110,110CàTbirl g. THX00KeàHCKHri xoporwroa6Bmil ,g. 110.110CàTbIii TÿCKJIbI g. (N.Z.) dusky dolphin (Lag en,orhynehus obscurus) iléprimil A. pilot whale, blackfish ( Glob i eephala mel aena) 1-1HAeHICKH11 ICAMB01-0,716Bbill Chilean dolphin (Cephaborhynehus eutropia) maporoa6nmil = rpffitaa—pilot whale

u1Hpoxom6p,amil ,A. 6ecx.ffitismtl g. io)1(HbIrl KHTOBHAHbIk A. southern whale dolphin (Lissodelphis peroni) Aeabeni-aciminbia = acimaùxa—bottlenose dolphin Aeabcinbi-6eao66Inca common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) Aenerickum depensation (see CMépTHOCTb) Aep6exxxx HBOJIACTHIA spiked loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Aepraq, AeprSTH, Aepxàu = xopocréab—cornerake Aepmai-JmAbil = nplumnàaa—remora AepHxa6cT = nipxSmixa—pratincole AepmaTomHx63 dermatomycosis, saprolegniasis—a fungus disease of fish Aecmâx AeamàH AecHrmi6rHil (roaoBoH6rmil momnbcx) squid; (pl.) Decapoda (an Order of cephalopods) Aecgrmi6rHil (pax) decapod (, crab, etc.); (pl.) Decapoda (an Order of crustaceans) Aeorninêpxa scad (Decapterus) BbicoxoTéaasi A. "deep scad" (D. quinquarius, D. ronehus) ImAidicKan A. "Indian scad" (D. russeli)

61 Reurrunêpxa

xp3'ir.gasi A. round scad (D. punctatus) gm:McKay! R. "Japanese scad" (D. maruadsi) ReTpùT detritus ARtaxàc (Aust.) jackassfish (Nemadactylus) roay66i1 A. blue morwong (N. valenciennesi) cépLe LI. jackassfish (N. macropterus) Awaxacottme jackassfishes, Cheilodactylidae ,U)KéA14, ,II,AS/AH, ,II,x(S7,gail Dr. Chancey Juday A}KeK Houbara bustard (Otis undulata) Awepec (Aust.) Pentaprion longimanus ,a)Kyaàpa = cÉHrImb—long-finned mullet 1J.>KymSip-6a.m-;ix apàabcicasi memân—Aral shemaya AASTcl)Hui jewfish (Epinephelus itajara) Rmarpâmma "hardlips" (Diagramma = Parapristipoma)—a genus of po- madysid fishes cpeAm3emHom6pcicaz A. "Mediterranean hardlips" (D. mediterraneum) ,alla,géma Diadem (a tropical genus of sea-urchins; one species has spines up to 30 cm long) Aliana36x 1. range (limits of variation); 2. magnitude mini) headlightfish (Diaphus lütkeni) xa.glictiopHenIcKHR A. California headlightfish (D. theta) Rarpamm153 digrammosis, infestation by the tapeworm Digramma (similar to Ligula) Auxâminta dynamics, changes, trends g. 110I110.7151111,114, crà,ga, viAcaemiocTH dynamics of abundance, po- pulation dynamics ya6soB catch trends, catch statistics Aihiorumice (S Afr.) armadillo (Dinoplax gigas)—a mollusc Amoren Diogenes—a genus of hermit AHoicro4u4m63 redwater disease (of mink, dogs, etc., rarely man), caused by presence of the large nematode Dioctophyme in a kidney; the inter- mediate host is the oligochaete Lumbriculus Amiaëgye, Ri411.7115Ayc sea bream (Diplodus) see Hapàcb AH11.7103001163 diplozoonosis—infestation of the gills of fish by the trematode Diptozoon paradoxum ANIMOCTOMaT453 diplostomatosis raa3 eye diplostomatosis—an eye disease of fish, caused by the presence of metacercariae of the trematode Diplostomum spathaceum in the eye chamber gepKapH63Hmel cercarial diplostomatosis—a fish disease due to the presence of large numbers of cercariae of Diplostomum in the body Amex disc 6p1oum6fi e,. ventral disc, ventral sucker (of lumpfish, etc.) AHCK CàKKH Secchi disc (for measuring water transparency)

62 gliCKOrHâT

AmcKornâT "disc - jaw"--a cyprinid fish (Discognathus rossions = Disco- gnathichthys rossicus) gHCKOKOTI1J163 discocotylosis—a fish disease caused by infestation of the gills by the trematode Discocotyle /11,1exome,aST3LI Discomedusae (a Subclass of Scyphozoa) gMezoxàium 1. (biol.) distribution, dispersion; 2. (geol.) dislocation, disturbance AnccimmunToprffinl catabolic AmTpéma Ditrema and related genera of surfperches (Embiotocidae) M110rOTIDIMIIHKOBail 11. "many-rakered seaperch" (Neoclitrema ransonetti) nro5ncKan ,n. Japanese seaperch (Ditrema temmincki) AnTpémonme surfperches, viviparous perches, Embiotocidae, Ditremidae An4umo6oTplo53 diphyllobothriosis—infestation (of man, dogs, etc.) by the broad tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum) ,axxo-romein dichotomy, bifurcation Animà. length a6comb-rnan gapnià ncer6 Téaa Hônan npommcaônan A. (arctic) = Anne Téaa 66man ,11. (for sturgeons) length to tip of tail cràpafl ripombrcenan g. (arctic rivers) length from middle of eye to the posterior tip of the anal fin AJ11111à AB = ,u,. mere) Té.na ,11.11MHà. AC = AJI111-1à no CMATTy gd111Flà AD = ,121.111111à 5e3 C Aamià 6e3 C standard length; see ,r(Janià Téaa ,11J1111ià ncerb Té.na "natural tip length" (one of the "total" lengths), length from tip of snout to a line joining tips of tail when the latter are in a natural position (Commercial Fishes USSR, p. 747) ,R.71MFIà 110 pa313É1.711{11 =gamià no CMATTy gJIMIlà. no Cmfrrry fork length, median length, Schmidt's length (from the anterior limit of the snout to the end of the middle rays of the tail fin) gamià Té.na. (6e3 C) standard length (usually defined in USSR publi- cations as "length of the body to the end of the scale covering", or "length of the body without the tail") Anmià TST.norama snout-to-vent length (measured along the median axis of the body) TS/LIIKM length of the trunk, torso length: "distance from the pos- terior border of the gill cover to the end of the scale covering" ,aamixoxpanta "longfin Baikal sculpin" (Cottocomephorus inermis) ■ gJIMHHOpIJI = 11,1114HHOpl: I.11bIll .nosnypÉm—ribbon gammopanan (piMa) mormyrid; (pl.) Mormyridae (African fishes with a long curved snout)

63 ,U,J114HHOXBÔCT

ATIHHHOXBôCT 1. rat-tail, grenadier (see also AcmiroxBôcT, maitpSrpyc); 2. = ,a,7114HHOX136CTafl Memba ,A. "nna3 Aka,'" "pope's-eye grenadier" (Coryphaenoides cinereus) ,A. rpy6otietuSnIumfl "firm-scaled rat-tail" (C. firmisquamis) ,g. KaàpKa "Clark's rat-tail" (C. clarki) z. K0.711■Dtinel "spiny rat-tail" (C. spinulosus) z. lommamepffitàucitHil "southern rat-tail" (C. holotrachys) ,RTIHHHOXB6CTIDIe grenadiers, rat-tails, Macruridae Amble 1. bottom (of a ship or barrel); 2. bilge .HO (adj. ember) 1. bottom (of a body of water); 2. ground, earth .716)KHOC A. 1, false bottom (a layer of loose silt in some dystrophie lakes); 2. = rural-menu-foe g IldlaHla6HHOe ji. bottom (= 3nyKopaccéHuaioumil caoll) „Allogepnà'reab bottom grab, dredge ,AHogepnàTeabilayi erbium bottom-sampling station, dredging station 06aansiTb, ,u,o6hPrrb add gonsolmasi (uficppa) subscript (figure) go6Éiqa 1. prey; 2. catch, landings (of fish) esramisi (Carpathian region) = ymélixa—bleak go)KeEnca "green-eyed deer fly" (Haemotopoto pluvialis, etc.) ,A,o36pLuzx 1. patrolman; 2. dragonfly of the genus Anax AoilAsi having come that far goxa.3àTe,nbubiil significant (in either the general or the statistical sense) goxem6p1nIcKel (geol.) Precambrian (era) goaremica "dolginka"—a shad (Atosa brashnikovi brashnikovi) Aoarod»mea cranefly; (pl.) Tipulidae 6o.nerrHasi "bog cranefly" (Tiplua paludosa) KoJibtlà-rayi "banded cranefly" (Nephrotoma crocata) .nalcoso-tiëpHaz "shiny-black cranefly" (Tanyptera atrata) goarou6cmc weevil—a kind of beetle; (pl.) Rhyncophora goaronëp 1. flyingfish; (pl.) Exocoetidae (see also Jte-rSman pild6a); 2. flying gurnard; (pl.) Dactylopteridae Boc-r6Immei oriental flying gurnard (Dactyloptena orientalis) 06bm-Hosémibill A. "common flyingfish" (Exocoetus volitans) cpegu3emuomôpcialft A. (common) flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitan,$) OJIFOXB6CT (see also 21J11411HOX136CT, maxpSrpyc) (Aust.) whiptail; (N Am.) grenadier, rat-tail; (pl.) grenadiers, Macruridae (also ,goaroxs6cTHe) BooppKëFmull A. "armoured grenadier" (Nematonurus armalus) maaorabbul "smalleye grenadier" (Albatrossia pectoralis = Chalineuria pectorans) msirKoroa6BbIfi R. "softhead grenadier" (111Olacocephalus laevis) néne.immil g. "pope's-eye grenadier" (Coryphaenoides cinereus) goaroxs6cr "black rat-tail" (Hemimacrurus acrolepis Coryphaenoides acrolepis)

64 Ao nroxBÔcT-6yuecpax

AojtroxB6cT-6yueq)aH "bull's-head grenadier" (Coryphaenoides bucephalus) Ao,aroxBÔCTOSbie grenadiers, rat-tails, Macrouridae Ao.nry.nbxa (Odessa) = 1-IepxoM6pcxax aTepHHa-Black Sea silverside AOJtHOJISIpHSI doliolaria-a larval stage of echinoderms AôHaKc 1. (S. Afr.) white mussel (Donax serra); 2. (E Atl.) wedge shell (D. tranczcl2cs); 3. (W Atl.) coquina clam (D. variabilis) AôHIIasI pbi6a groundfish, bottom fish A6HHHKH bottom fauna, benthos AOHCNzbx (SE Pac.) splittail bass, doncella (Hentiianthus, Paranthias, etc.) Aopa6 , dorab (Chirocentrus dorab)-a AopâAa gilthead (Sparus aurata) AopAAo mahi-mahi, clolphin, dorado (Corypkaena hippurus) AQpâAOBble , Coryphaenidae A6pH dory (a small boat carried on board a fishing vessel) Aopôxcxa 1. trail; 2. troll (a fishing gear) AopocôMa gizzard shad (Dorosonaa) aânaAxax A. "western gizzard shad" (D. snaitlzi) MexCHKAHCxaH A. "Mexican gizzard shad" (D. anale) HHKaparyâHCxax A. "Nicaraguan gizzard shad" (D. cTiavesi) césepHasl A. gizzard shad, northern gizzard shad (D. cepedianuna) Iôxtaasl A. threadfin shad (D. petenense) Aoplu a name used for various marine fishes: , hake, etc. AocKâ, pacriSpxaH AocKâ, ôTTep-AOCKâ otter-board, trawl board A. C ABOI%IHbIMH HJIABHHKaMIi dual-fin otter-boarcl TpëxMejIeBâx A. three-slot otter-board AOCT^HHOCTb (xISi HpÔMbICJla) availability (to the fishery) Apâra 1. drag net, drag seine (in general); 2. (Azov) Danish seine; 3. dredge A. 9KMaIIa Ekman dredge AparxpôsKa 1. dredging; 2. dragging, trawling ApaKÔH, Apax6H'4HK 1. dragon; 2. weever, weaver-fish of the genus Tra- clzinets, having poisonous spines on the gill cover and poisonous dorsal rays 60JIbIU6Ii (MOpcKÔIi) A. greater -%veever (Trachinus draco) MâJIbIH (MOpcKÔH) A. weever, lesser weever (Trachinus vipera) MopcKÔH A. 1. sea moth, sea dragon (Pegasus volitans); (pl.) Pegasidae; 2. = 6o,nbu.[6H MopcKÔH A.; 3. (pl.) weevers, Trachinidae ApaxoxeTra Draconetta-a genus of small fishes resembling weevers ApaKÔHeTroBble Draconettidae-a family of fishes ApaM drum; (pl.) drums, Sciaenidae ApesoTÔTieq shipworm, wood-borer (Teredo, Bankia, etc.) Apéflccexa Dreissena-a freshwater clam KacHAHCKasI A. "Caspian Dreisseua" (D. caspia)

65 Rpéilccexa

xmosolARHasi A. "beaked Dreissena" (D. rostriformis) p ellHàs1 ,t1,. zebra mussel (D. polymorpha) Rpenàxa 1. (Atl.) drepane (Drepane atricana); 2. (pl.) Drepanidae 2LaiznixopS7masi R. "longfin drepane" (D. lonyimana) IIHTHACTail g. "spotted drepane" (D. punctata) RperiàHoshie drepanes, Drepanidae Rpiiiclyrep (a fishing vessel that uses floating gill-nets) Rpo6ibixa split shot (used in angling) ,apo6ÉTeab (in taxonomy) splitter Apo61;rreabcTao (in taxonomy) splitting (of species or genera into finer groups) Rpo6aélixe 1. cleavage (of a fertilized egg); 2. division, splitting o32L thrush Rp64ia great bustard (Otis tarda) „tyrà., ,E17)1(Ka . arch; 2. gallows (on a trawler) releabriaii haemal arch ri46HRHasi hyoid arch

moT6Iniasi g. pharyngeal arch *à6epliag gill arch, HespLibriasi neural arch 110,/rbY131111HaSI R. hyoid arch TpàaoBag gallows (for hauling nets) LiemocrxàFi mandibular arch zeidpc-rseinne Angelica archangelica RSnitica see Ryrà .ZtYJI}CHH (Yakut) = oliK6Bag ràra—spectacled eider RSineab great snipe (Capella media) rôpiihei R. solitary snipe (C. solitaria) Jlecx6iI R. Latham's snipe (C. megala) Rynaël-nca = rôroab o6bwHosémibii1--goldeneye ey.11J16 B Ica maxRapeiHKa—mandarin duck Ryx 1. ghost, spirit; 2. ghost (= 3syleopaccémuarommI cJioel) Rbixàao 1. blowhole (of whales); 2. spiracle (of sharks and rays) Rbio, Rio dy—a type of lake sediment RIABoa 1. devil; 2. (pl.) = mopciale b B 0 JI bI rpiràrrrciadl mopcx611 R. Atlantic manta, giant manta (Manta birostris) mopcK6fi A. 1. = rxràirrcitmil mopcxeml R.; 2. devil ray, mobula (Mobula diabolus); 3. (pl.) mantas, Mobmidae sinellicimei mopcx6ii spinetail mobula (Mobula japonica) mor(mb dugong (Dugong dugong) ArocTpôclimimil = ,RmeTp64uimil—dystrophic gfiri-mh A_ngelica archangelica RùRyi-6myab (Yenisei R.) hybrid between Coreyonus autumnalis and C. muksun

66 en,ierrica = roaén—stone loach eneunca 1. (European) inudminnow (Umbra krameri); 2. "Don chub" (Leuciscus borysthenicus) amepllicâncicasi e. central mudminnow (Umbra limi) itàpamtonaH e. eastern mudminnow (Umbra pygniaea) eseLLIKOBbIe Umbridae emmut6s, rarely eBK,1114,/[6BCKHR Euclidean eury- (see also aBpri-) eBpHraaeninbiti enTpôcinDiel, BBTOCPHIDIfi, arrpbcimmil eutrophie eabayseRa euphausid; (pl.) Euphausiaceaa group of decapod crustaceans e,zunikla 1. unit; 2. unity, one 6espa3mépnaH e. (phys.) dimensionless unit B ,r( 6 a x e,annembi expressed as a fraction, in fractions e. npommcaônoro yobmsi, e. pm6o.n6sHoro yeeumsi unit of fishing effort e,annopôr 1. = napBàa—narwhal; 2. ; (pl.) Monacanthidae- often included in Balistidae; 3. pgi6a-uuumpôr—unicorn fish;

4. e,amopôr - pÉi6a —crestfish 6opoermil e. (Indian O.) "bearded filefish" (Psylocephalus barbatns) zinnixopÉiabei e. "longsnout filefish" (Oxymonacanthus longirostris) .1ffeJITOMITHeICTIDIR e. "mottled filefish" (Pseudobalistes fuscus) Kombln-nI e. "spiny filefish" (Chuetoderma penicilligera) KOp0J1éBel<141,1 e. queen triggerfish (Balistes vetula) xpyrmornmllicrmil e. "bigspot filefish" (Balistes conspicillum) 1151THACTEA e. "spotted filefish" (Aluterus punctatus) pacnEcH6i1 e. (Atl.) scrawled filefish (Aluterus scriptus = Osbeckia scripta) egmiop61--piMa crestfish (Lophotus cappelli)

ëc 1. hedgehog; 2. = mopcx6ti bx.; 3. = co6âxa - pe6a—puffer 6eperon6i1 mopeK6e Ut "sand urchin" (Psammechinus miliaris) KOTICTbIi mopcx6r1 ëxc "bony urchin"; (pl.) Echinothuridae mopcx6e1 ëxc sea-urchin; (pl.) Echinoidea (a Class of echinoderms) MFKM mopeK6e1 bx leather urchin (Hygrosoma luculentum) Henpâmamibie mopcmie ex ifalse sea urchins, Irregularia, Exocyclia o6bnameémiLifi mopodiri ë)K green urchin (Stronglocentrotus droebachiensis) nzocK611 ëmc sand dollar; (pl.) Clypeastroida (an Order of echinoderms) npà.Bnahnbre mopcxÉe excel ordinary sea urchins, Endocyclia nypriSrprimil cepAuesii,axmel &K. purple heart urchin (Spatangus purpureus) ceRztgeriÉrzwbifi mopcx6ft bK. heart urchin; (pl.) Spantangoida (an Order of echinoderms) crbez,66nbul mopeic6fr ëxc edible urchin (Echinus esculentis)

67 ëmc

qëpnbill mopcK6f1 ëmc "black urchin" (Arbacia lixula) SimueBARFrbifi mopcK611 bfc egg urchin (A_eropsis fulva) bK-pà6a 1. porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix); 2. balloonfish (Diodon lbola- canthus); 3. (pl.) porcupinefishes, Diodontidae aœroemmx, aœrom5mea bur-reed (Sparganium) ë. HanamBhoLumel floating burreed, broad ribbon-leaf (S. fluctuans) ë. npocr6t1 "simple burreed" (S. simplex) ë. ripmeer erect burreed (S. erectum) ë. cxSztlemibul "dense burreed" (S. glomeratum) eKCTeFICÉISHOCTb see DICCTeHCÙBHOCTb ëdta a fishing boat with sail, and deck aft, of 2 or 3 tons' capacity, about 10 metres long exéu (gen. eabu,à) dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) r6prmiÉ e. azràiiclemI ocman—Oreoleuciscus pota,nini enponéflexHfl e. "European dace" (L. 1. leuciscus) e. ,Llaxmalésucoro "Danilevsky's dace" (L. danilewskii) e. Jlemiffiepra "Lindberg's dace" (L. lindbergi) 3axacruUcKmi1 e. "Murgab dace" (L. latus) 3epanmàxemml e. "Zeravshan dace" (L. lehmanni) 14CCbIKKyabCK1411 e. Issyk-kul dace (L. schmidti) KnprimcKuil e. "Kirgiz dace" (L. leuciscus kirgisorum) ma.noThmiimcosbnI e. "Zeravshan dace" (L. lehmanni) cH6ApcKTU e. "Siberian dace" (L. leuciscus baicalensis) chipapbmicKuil e. Svr-dar dace (L. squalisculus) Taaacciaul e. e. JIARII,6epra

émitoCTI:■ capacity, volume ë. cpe,abi, ë. 6Ho-rôna environmental capacity ë. moma capacity of the hold (of a ship)

eHÔT, ex6T- noaocKyx racoon (Procyon lotor)

en6T - paxoé, crab-eating racoon (Procyon cancrivorus) end- see arm epra3m63 ergasilosis—infestation of the skin or gills by the copepod Ergasilus épmc shallow side channel

eporman (Kerch) = 6hm6x - m4man— "syrman goby" ëpm (see also 6mylib) 1. ruff e, pope (Acerina cernua); 2. = Kam6Lia- ëpui; 3. = allmàima; 4. abbreviated form of mopcK611 ëpm; 5. (Ussuri R.) = ayxà—Chinese bass ancrpaddiemecianl ëpm "Australian ruff" (Arripis georgianus) amicKenicuml êput shortspine thornyhead ( alascanus) aur6.nbcKull ëpm (SE Atl.) "Angola scorpionfish" (Scorpaena angolensis) rod13,6611 ëpm (NW Pac.) "blue rockfish" (Sebastes glaucus) mopcx6i-i ëpm, ëpm rpsimber (NE Pac.) Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) ,zummionëphill mopcxen1 épm "longfin thornyhead" (Sebastolobus macrochir) 68 ëplu

zoriceil ëpni = Hocâph—Don ruffe (Aeerina acerina) fiDni aaeSuclaiil rougheye rockfish (Sebast es aleutianus) ëpni AFIr6J111 = anr6abcranl ëptu êptu ,r(mcôtlaepa (Japan) "Joyner's rockfish" ( S eb ast es joyneri) finu Lanéreasi "Schlegel's rockfish" (Sebast es sehleg eli) êpui LLITerinexnepa "Steindaehner's rockfish" (S ebast es steindctehneri) 30J10T1iCTbIll mopcx6ii ëpni redfish, ocean perch, "golden redfish" (S ebast es marinus) —as distinct from S. mentella (7-= KaloBâti) KHTCKM ëptu = ayxâ—Chinese bass lepàcnbuI ëpui (NW Pac.) "red rockfish" ( S ebast es owstoni) mHoroàrzbrel mopcx(41 ëprn (NE Pac.) northern rockfish ( S ebast es polyspinus) mopcx6ei ëpi_u 1. redfish, ocean perch, (S ebast es mari- nus, S. mentella); 2. priestfish (8 ebast osomus) ; 3. scorpionfish (2 cor- paena spp.) : see cKopllélla; 4. (pl.) Scorpaenidae; 5. = a36Bcitaff ilepicapihm—Azov P ercarina; 6. (SE Atl.) maculatus nozocIrbiei ëpni "striped ruffe" (Aeerina sehraetser) cenerààbcm-di êptu "Senegal scorpionfish" (Scorpaena senegalensis) cHémihril ëpui (NW Pae.) "sno-wy rockfish" (S eb ast es nivosus) THxooxeàacicHti mopcxôr1 ëpui 1. (Pac.) any rockfish (S ebast es and re- lated genera); 2. "Schlegel's rockfish" (Sebast es sehlegeli) y,romiânibril êpui (Japan) "oblong rockfish" (Sebast es oblongus) ypyrsacxml ëprn "Uruguay rockfish" UT elicolenus lahillei) gepHom6pcxei mopcxôei ëpni Black Sea scorpionfish (Scorpaena poreus) ëpni-liocâpb = Hocâpb ëpm-cxopnéfia Brazilian scorpionfish (Scorpaena grandieornis) ëpnienânca, epuloBaTxa 1. (Eur.) dab (Limanda /imanda); 2. (MT Atl.) (L. f erruginea) ; 3. any of the genus Limanda ëpumic 1. = ëpiu; 2. bottle brush mopcK611 ë. deepwater sponges somewhat resembling brushes (Cladorhiza, Axoniderma, Asb est °plume) epuna, einninca fishing net

69 M xtâ6a 1. toad, (pl.) Bufonidae (see also ^Kep,nâHKa, xpecTSBlca, nona- TOHÔr, IIi3ria, CBHCT^H, yrj103y6, y3KOpOT); 2. = MOpcKk 1K. aMepHKâHcxasi A. American toad (Bufo americanus) xc. ara (N Am.) giant toad, marine toad (Bufo marinus) 3Utëxax xx. (Eur.) green toad (Bufo viridis) xaMbiluôBaA K. (Eur.) natterjack toad, bulrush toad (Bufo calamita) nonaTOHÔrasl xc. (1T Am.) Woodhouse's toad, Fowler's toad (Bufo wood- housei, B. fowleri) MOHrÔJIbcKaSl xt. "Mongolian toad" (Buf o raddei) MOpcKâsl xc. (Atl.) splitlure frogfish (Antennarius scaber); (pl.) frog- fishes (Antennariidae) o6bIlcxoséllHa5l xt. (Eur.) common toad (Bufo bufo) cépasl ?K. = 06bIKHOBéHHaH ?K. TIepllopy6uoBax xc. (Asia) "black-scarred toad" (Bufo melanostictus) ),Kâ6a-noBHTÿxa midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) xcâ6a-pb16a, ,Kâ6eHb 1. toadfish (Opsanus); 2. (pl.) toadfishes, Batrachoididae 06bIKHOB2HHa5I aMepI3KAHCKaH ?K. toadfish (0. tau) xcâ6epHbIf4 gill (adj.) xt-Hax rxxJtb gill-rot, branchiomycosis (a fungus disease of fish) xx-HaH uyrâ (or ,aÿ>xxa) gill arch )K-Hasl KOCTb opercular bone ?K-Hax KphIIIIKa gill cover, , opercle (of a fish) m-HbIÎ3 nenecT6K gill filament X^-HbIK nyLI branchiostegal ray xt-Hasl neperlôHKa branchiostegal membrane xc-HasI nô,nocTb gill chamber, gill cavity ?K-Hasl ceTb gill net ?K-HaSI TbIT-IIiHKa 1. ; 2. (less often) branchiostegal ray XK-Hasl y,nfITlta gilled snail xc-Hax mmb , gill aperture }Ka60BIIAHble pg16bI toadfishes, Batrachoididae ?K260pOHOK lark pOrâTbIH U. horned lark, shore lark (Ereinophila alpestris) xtâ6pa gill; usually used in the plural, xtd6pbi xpOBSIHâx W. blood gill TpaxéilHasl A. tracheal gill xxa6poll6r fairy shrimp; (pl.) Anostraca (an Order of crustaceans) (for xxa6poH6rHH, see paK) xra6poxB6cTble fish-lice, Branchiura (a Subclass of parasitic copepods) xta6yH "poison toadfish" (Thalassophryne reticulata) mx, xcax = BeHTépb-fyke net xtâafo onchus, hook

70 xtryr, ArSTTHK

»cm, ncrSrunc cilium, flagellum ›Kryrincoecnx, ›Kryrn}conâceg (pl. Aryrnxonoengi) flagellate; (pl.) (also )Kr9TFIK14, Ar3',TTFIKOBbIe) Flagellata, Mastigophora (a Class of protistans) soponniqx6Bbril .>it. collar flagellate; (pl.) Choanoflagellata (an Order of protistans) >K1-1B6THbIll animal flagellate; (pl.) Zoomastigina (a Subclass of protistans) xpewiênbig )K. silicoflagellate; (pl.) Silicoflagellata (an Order of protistans) IthHUbIpHbI »c. dinoflagellate; (pl.) Dinoflagellata, Peridinea (an Order of protistans) pacTr'rreablu,n1 )t. plant flagellate; (pl.) Phytomastigina (a Subclass of protistans) xceeà'reahnbul molar, masticatory weae3à gland npocraTÉmeexafl prostatic gland (of trematodes, etc.) xmléminua (Kama R.) 4epuocruhwa—b1ackback shad )Kë‘1io6o6pibme see 6opo3,LoiaTo6peoule ›Këzrorpiinica = Aerroxpbuixa—yellowfin Baikal sculpin xcèdrro36611c 1. buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis); 2. serin (Serinus canaria) AëeroxpÉunca "yellowfin Baikal sculpin" (Cottocontephorus comephoroides, C. grewingki) xcèdrrouêp 1. "yello-wfin" (Plagiognathops); 2. = IrepHo6pibunca--"black- belly" meamotieluSirmbiii xe. "fine-scaled yellowfin" (P. microlepis) Aë.71TOXBI5CT 1. (W Atl.) yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus); 2.= cepm6aa—ye1lowtail (see also Jraxé,apa) icy6inicK141 = x(MToxsocT(1) WeJIT6IIHIDIfl yolk (adj.) K. memenc, mt. ny3Éipb yolk sac (of fish fry) wurroinéK "zheltoshek" (Blopichthys bambusa)—an Asian cyprinid fish aturrSrxa (Popéaeri trout jaundice—a rare disease caused by the micro- sporidian Chloromyxum truttae wëay,a,b, A6ayb acorn mopcx6e1 )K. acorn barnacle (Balanus) >KemtipEnna "pearl-spot"--a variety of goldfish HtemilST)Knnua 1. wing-shell (A.vicula); 2. = npecriori6,ariaz >K. KaWià.TCKa51 ?K. "Kamchatka pearl mussel" (Margaritif era middendorffi) MOpeKà31 >K. ocean pearl mussel (Pinctacla) o6bucuoehulan mt. "common pearl mussel" (Margaritif era margaritif era) npecHosôAHafl K. "freshwater pearl clam"; (pl.) Margaritiferidae xcemtlyxmoraàs pearleye (Scopelarchus candelops) césepubill >K. northern pearleye (Benthalbella dentata)

71 ?KeMTiy?KHorJIl3ble

1KeWIylKHOrdIâ3ble pearleyes, Scopelarchidae xcépex (also >xépHx) 1. asp, "zherekh"-a cyprinid fish (Aspius aspius); 2. = nJlocKOroJIÔBbIŸI ?K. aM^pc:tiiIi ?K. = ndIOCKOroJIÔBbIIi W. apâ,abcKHK )K. "Aral asp" (Aspius aspius iblioides) apâ.nbcxxH Kpacaorÿ6blx W. = apâJIbcxxK K. Kpacxorÿ6blil W. "Caspian asp" (Asvius aspius taeniatus) KpaCHOnë.pbIii ?K. = nJiOCKOrOJIÔBbIIi W. IljtocxorOJtôBbIH W. "flathead asp" (Pseudaspius leptocephalus) IIjyKOBAAHbIIi W. "pike asp" (Aspiolucius esocinus) Io]KHOKacnIiÎICKI3ŸI 1(. "South Caspian asp" (Aspius aspius taeniatus) )Képex-dIblcâtI = uiyxoBHRHbIH xcépex x^epalâHKa a toad of the genus Bombvrca 2(aJlbHesocT6T-IHaâ w. "orange-bellied toad" (B. orientalis) xcë.RTO6plôxax A. "yellow-bellied toad" (B. variegata) Kpacxo6pibxaR xt. red-bellied toad (B. bombina) xtepxoBSK a hard spiny protuberance on the upper side of the throat, supporting an outgrowth of the occipital bone

?KépTBa prey xKepÿxa cress, pepper grass (Lepidium) anTéLtHasl A. water cress (Nasturtium aquaticum) ?KepyIIIHi3K 3eMHOB6AHbIIi great water cress (Rorippa amphibia) XKëcTKOpbIJI roughsnout grenadier (Trachyrhynchus) xtxsorjiOT "stretch-belly", chiasmodont; (pl.) Chiasmodontidae xc. KâJIH Kali cBeTSII.ttKitcx XK. "luminous chiasmodont" (Pseudoscopelus) LlëpHblIi xc. "black chiasmodont" (Chiasmodon niger) WxBopôAKa 1. viviparous perch, embiotocid, (pl.) Embiotocidae; 2. viviparohs pond-snail; (pl.) Viviparidae (see also JIy>KâHKa) 6éaax xc. white seaperch (Phanerodon furcatus) KhpJII3KOSax A. dwarf perch (Micrometrus minimus) HacTOSl^ax x^. "true viviparous pond-snail" (Viviparus viviparus) npecxoBSAHast )K. tule perch (Hysterocarpus traski) p63oBasi Ac. pink seaperch (Zalembias rosaceus) yccypf4Hcxau xc. Ussuri pond-snail (Viviparus ussuriensis) Hn6HCxasl zK. "Japanese viviparous perch" (Ditrema temmincki)

?KyIBOpoj[KOBble surfperches, Embiotocidae

xtI3sopo,T({IMI39 viviparous

)iQiBOTHOBÔ,i[CTBO animal husbandry >KHrâJIKa, OcénIISIH XK. stable fly, biting house fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) 1KIi3HeHHbII%I IjYIKJI life cycle xtH.nxa vein (of a leaf) xtxaiôH 1. wild (as opposed to cultured or domesticated); 2. resident; 3. freshwater, non-anadromous, landlocked ?KIidhSi HépKa, ?KI31xâSI Kpâcxax kokanee, land-locked sockeye

72 ?xI3JIâH cpôpMa freshwater form (of a marine fish), river form (of a lake f ish) X^Kp fat, oil AejIbejAHHH A. blackfish oil w. KaluadroTa sperm oil KIiTÔBbIIi XL whale oil ?KApHOCTb fatness xc, no flpo3op5BCICOH fatness by Prozorovskaya's method xt. no TécTepy fatness by Tester's method ?K6JIY1Ib = 1xëJlyab-acorn xcop,uâHxR (N.Z.) southern kingfish, hake (Jordanidia solandri) xcyx-HapbIBHHK blister beetle; (p1.) Meloidae xtypâB,ab crane; (pl.) Gruidae a13cTpa,nl3HcxHK xt. brolga, Australian crane (Grus rubicundus) aMepKxâHexKH 1x. whooping crane (Grus americana) 6é1tbIH x Siberian white crane (Grus leucogeranus) BeHI.teH6cbIH )K. crowned crane (Balearica pavonina) AaÿpcxxH xc. white-naped crane (Grus vipio) I3HAAHCKHÎd 1K. Sarus crane (Grus ant^yomtie) KaHâ,tIcKHH xt. sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) Mâ,ablH K. demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo) Ivlaxbl-IxtÿpcxHK 1x. Manchurian crane (Grus japonensis) pâHCxI3H X Stanley crane (Tetrapteryx paradiseus) cépbiH XC. (Eur.) common crane (Grus grus) LIepHOIIIéIiHbIÎI xc. black-necked crane. (Grus nigricollis) 1IëpxblK A. hooded crane (Grus vzonacliics) xcypâB,ab-Kpacâaxa demoiselle crane (Anthropoides vi?,go) ^KypâB,nb-MoHâx hooded crane (Grus monachus) xcypHâJr 1. magazine; 2. diary, journal BâxTeHxbIH ^K., cyAosôK xc. log-book AÿYKa scute (of sturgeons)

73 a

3a66filea (gen. pl. 3a66eK) blasting (including underwater explosions for catching fish) 3a6mesàxlie disease (see also 6oJté3Fib) Bm6pH6xxoe 3. Vibrio disease (of seals) MœMIISTAHOe 3. pearl disease (of )—eaused by the trematode Neodiplostomum 3. xca6p gill disease—a disease of carp resembling branchiomycosis, but without known causative agent nôtletmoe 3. kidney disease (of trout or salmon) gepHonsmAcToe 3. blackspot disease—a very common infection of fresh- water fishes caused by the trematode Posthodiplostomum cutieola, or related species 3a6pàcbmaTb, 3a6p6cwrb to cast, to throw out (with a pole or by hand) 3a6p6c a east (in angling) 3à13epTb whirlpool 3aBécKa a kind of trap net with a lead set from shore 3aBilcmmocrb 1. (math.) relation, relationship; 2. dependence Henocpé,acTrieFulasi 3. direct relationship 06pâTriafl 3. inverse relationship sarieu factory, plant, establishment mopo3Aabribril 3. freezing plant, refrigerating plant pm6oetuibiii 3. fish hatchery, fish-rearing station pbi6oKoHcépBxbi'É 3. cannery (for fish) INDI6OMS7qHbIll 3. fish-meal plant 3à.Bogb backwater, cove, pool 3arvibliasi or 3arza3Atuiasi (KocTb) postorbital (bone) 3arvia3Hffiuloe npocTpàFicTso interorbital distance, interorbital width (of a fish's head) 3arviâTbmarme swallowing 3arpaxgeme 1. weir, counting fence; 2. lead (of a trap net) 3arp5I3néme 1. pollution (of lakes, etc.); 2. fouling (of a dock or a boat's hull by sessile animals) sa,u,Hemcôtuiafl (KocTb) posttemporal (bone) 3aeserpSur,b metathorax (of insects) 3aHeAà6epHbrel (mo.unbcK) gilled snail; (pl.) Opisthobranchiata (a Sub- class of gastropods) 3a,EweiGnoqiuumg (KOCTb) posteleit'hrum 3a,zr,HempbumBiuman (KocTb) metapterygoid (bone) 3a,1r,Hea(56Haz (KocTb) sphenotic (bone) 3a,nuienoxbfl3à4man (xocTb) urohyal (bone)

74 3amleynmân (KOCTID)

3amfeymxàsf (Kocrb) opisthotic (bone) 33e,erb, 33écrb to kink, to foul, to tangle, to jam 3ae3g6K (gen. 3ae3m<à) barrier, barricade, fence (used to catch fish migrating upriver) 3mK6p ice jam 3mbfume- silting 3à.rumme flood-plain, a river valley full of water to the greatest extent of the spring floods 3axH,EfrufKa a cast (in angling) 3aKAALmayrb, 33Kemyrb to cast, to throw out (a line, from a pole or by hand) 3aK6a 1. weir, fence or rack (with traps), for catching fish in rivers; 2. fish trap often of complex design, using a long lead, one or more hearts, and one or more fyke nets for actual capture of the fish; 3. a kind of float used in angling 3aK63 1. law; 2, rule, relationship 3. 11013épXHOCTI1 (physiol.) surface law 3axonomépno regularly, uniformly, according to rule 3axonomépriocrb 1. law, principle, rule, relationship, mechanism; 2. trend, pattern, regularity; 3. precept, maxim 3amonomépnbiii 1. regular, systematic; 2. conforming to some pattern, law or equation; 3. inherent, qualitative 3aK6cica part of a river adjacent to a sand bar (Koeà.) along the coast 3aKp6Pixa "summer salmon": Atlantic salmon of the vernal type, larger than grilse, which enter the river in summer and the same year (Berg, 1948, p. 211; Nikolsky, 1954, p. 148). (In a 1934 paper Berg defined 3aRpôrma as the kind of fish he subsequently called 3aaë,a,Ka.) 3axpbrrony3Éipnasi pgi6a physoclistic fish (lacking connection between the swim bladder and alimentar3r canal); (pl.) 3aekeca "winter salmon": Atlantic salmon of the hiemal type, larger than grilse, which remain overwinter in the lower reaches of a river or its , or just outside it (Berg, 1948, p. 211; Nikolsky, 1954, p. 148) 3aabKKa hauling-out place, rookery (of sea mammals) mélmasi 3. place where pups are born, on land or ice; breeding ground 3aa6m = gepfmcnùxKa—blackback shad noasipfailk 3. a stock of herring ( harengus) found near Spitsbergen 3amë'r 1. set (of a purse seine or similar net); 2. = 3a6p6e—cast 3ameTàTb, 3amecrk to set (a seine or similar net) 3amemhomml Srposefib 3anàca replacement level of stock 3ameuléme 1. substitution; 2. replacement 3amôp (of fish) mortality due to lack of oxygen, winter-kill 3afinKeiumn horned pondweed (Z annichellia) 33111(J1 mOoriSh id01—a fish porà-rbik 3. "horned zanclus" (Z anclus cornutus)

75 3à.muroBbie

3âHKJIOBIDIe moorish idols, Zanclidae aanâc 1. = 66aue 3.; 2. -= ripombicaembill 3.—compare CTà,Z(0, CbIpeBàs1 6à3a 66Lust1 3. total stock "the numbers and (or) weight of fish present

-within the range of a given species (or subspecies, group, family), including all size-groups and age-groups and all biological categories" (Konstantinov) npombica1:5Bbril 3. commercial stock, usable stock, supply "the part of the total stock which the fishery uses (or could use) in the course of its customary fishing procedures" (Konstantinov) aane,TieurouâTh to bear (change direction) aanpéT closure (of fishing), closed season sanpôpa prowfish (Zaprora silenus) aanpôpoubie pro wfishes, Zaproridae aanpST)Kmualme ponding (of a stream by a dam) aapaxcéme infection (by viruses, bacteria or other small parasites), in- festation (by larger parasites) sapam.c&mocrb 1. infestation, infection; 2. incidence (of infestation) créneub 3-TH degree of infestation, incidence of infestation saphi6.nérme stocking, planting (fish) 3apm6,lltrrb to stock with fish, to release fish into (a lake, etc.) aacTpbx.xa snap, connector (on a fishing line) aa'rem backwater 3aTyxàiouunl damped (oscillations) 3aTaTIOIC occiput Bmco-rà roaosÉ)I Liépes 3. depth of the head at the occiput saTEUoimayi ( we-a>) occipital (bone) 60K013à5-1 3. exoccipital OCHOBElà51 3. basioccipital 3#3J1eHHT9H1 knOtted 3aypew. Saurida—a genus of lizardfishes (see also aco, inueporaàu) 3ax(5,,g 1. entrance; 2. throat, funnel (of a net) aau,BeTàfme bloom (excessive abundance of algae in water) aau,énxa holdfast (of marine algae) aauenaérme linkage (in genetics) sagâToK Kpbuà wing pad (of a nymphal insect) aàsig hare mopceil s. 1. bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus); 2. "sea hare" (Aplysia depilans)—a snail 313e32(à. star (see also 3sh,abi) guellà,au,a-ruaytiesà51 mopcxàsx 3. twelve-armed starfish (Crosaster) piroabliàTasi 3. "spiny starfish"; (pl.) Pterasteridae mopcxàfl 3. starfish, sea-star (see also 3Bë3Rbi) 76 3Bé3,a011ëT

313ë3,q0 11èT stargazer-fishes with poisonous spines, and sometimes electric organs (Astroscopus sp., Uranoscopus bufo, etc.); (pl.) Uranoscopidae 6axp6mtiaTmil 3. "fringed starp.:azer" (Ichthyoscopus lebeck) esponéfloadk 3. = 06IDIKHOBéHHIclil 3. xpântiaThift 3. "speckled stargazer" (Astroscopus guttatus) maaolienehimil 3. "few-scaled stargazer" (Uranoscopus oligolepis) Houo3eaâuguaill 3. "New Zealand stargazer" (Leptoscopus macropygus) 061)IKHOBéHHIlei 3. (E Atl.) common stargazer (Uranoscopus scaber) IBITHùCTIDIfi 3. "spotted stargazer" (Geniagnus monopterygius) ygdnuiérmbul 3. blue mishhna pufferfish (Gnatha,gnus elongatus) lomoamepmcâmmel 3. "South American stargazer" (Astroscopus sexspinosus) 1b)1{HbIe1 3. southern stargazer (Astroscopus y-graecum,) sin6Hciunl 3. Japanese stargazer, mishima pufferfish (Uranoscopus japonicus) 313e3AoliëTOBLIe stargazers, Uranoscopidae 3Be3,allaTica chickweed (Stellaria) 6cm6THan 3. marsh chickweed (S. palustris) 3Be3,glià..rbill 1. stellate, star-shaped; 2. star-covered 3Bë3,abI starfishes, Asteroidea (a Class of Echinoderms) ur6ablia-rhie 3. Spinulosa ne,amgeaaùpHeBbie 3. Forcipulata smormacTimaTbie 3. Phanerozonia 3aeliô 1. link, member, section; 2. a unit piece of long-line, often 55 m long ceTn6e 3. () a gill-net fishing unit (men and equipment) 3Bepo6611 St. John's wort (Hypericum) 3Bohéu (pl. moinlÉi) midge, chironomid; (pl.) , Tendipedidae s. onyinènnbuI "feathery midge" (Chironomus plumosus)

3é6pa 1. zebra; 2. --, icâmeruibig 6xymp(1) - zebrafish 3e6pacôma Zebrasoma-a genus of surgeonfishes searmx jawspreader smexorablea green e:ve (Chlorophthalmus) 61:1B3ÉLTBDCKBSI 3. "Brazilian greeneye" (C. brasibiensis) o6bucuouémasi 3. shortnose greeneye (C. agassizi) 3eaelionnâ3KoBbre greeneyes, Chlorophthalmidae-a family of fishes 3eamocrdirma shipjack herring (Alosa chrysochloris) 3e.neriSrunta, 3enexa 1. (NE Atl.) wrasse, sea-parrot (Crenitabrus tinca); 2. (E Atl.) "green reef-fish" (Chromis chromis); 3. (Med.) = py.nex -"eye-spot -wrasse" 3eJleH9111KOBBIe wrasses, parrotfishes, Labridae 3eaeuqàic (Ukr., local) = 6mq6K-Tpan5mAx-"weed-goby" 3eJlb,gb 1. "Siberian " (Coregonus sarclinella); 2. = 6eaomôpcKaH psinyinica-"White Sea cisco"; 3. variant of ceabab

3emaep6hiea - Kyr6pa water shrew

77 3emnoleasoe

3emuom5,moe amphibian, batrachian; (pl.) Amphibia (see also amcimi6nu) 3eMHOB6RHbal amphibious, amphibian (adj.) 3ëpHbILLIKO (morphol.) acinus mimmix rough-legged hawk, rough-legged buzzard (Bute° lagopus) 3xmosàà wintering pond (or tank) 314m6sica (gen. pl. 3HMOBOK) 1. wintering (spending the winter); 2. hi- bernation 3HM0p6,g0K L = o6bneHoseuxhie 3. ; 2. (pl.) kingfishers, Alcedinidae 6oabin611 nérei 3. spotted kingfisher, great pied kingfisher (Ceryle lugubris) roay66i1 3. = 06b1KHOBéHHIDIfi 3. Kopo.nésexuil 3. "regal kingfisher" (Clytoceyx rex) xpacuonembill 3. white-breasted kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) MàJHDHI nérmil 3. (little) pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) 061DIKHOBéHHIDHI 3. (common European) kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) 0111aHHKOBbIR 3. black-capped kingfisher (Halcyon, pileata) nérme 3Hmop6AKH pied kingfishers (genus Ceryle) noaocàTbtfl 3. spotted kingfisher (Lacedo pulchella) paxe.Toxec.-rmei s. = raaaTéR—racket-tailed kingfisher py6moBbifl 3. "red-backed kingfisher" ((Jeyx rufidorsum) 3MmoycT6171,114BOCTb, 3HMOCTULKOCTb winter tolerance, cold tolerance 31'IH ZIN-3oo,rforAtiecxml HHCTHTSTT AKB,II,éMHH HàyK CCCP (JleHmirpag) 3aaTo6p6B gilthead, gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) 3.naToreme deer fly (Chrysops) 3meeroa6B, 3meeraàs snakehead ((Manna = Ophiocephalus—a genus of mainly tropical fishes) am37pcimil 3. "Amur snakehead" (Channa argus warpachowskii) acPpm<àncicHri 3. "African snakehead" (Parophiocephalus) noaocaTbrfi 3. "striped snakehead" (Chan« striatus) HFITHACTbdi 3. "spotted snakehead" (Channa punctatus) 3meerom5a-mapy.imil "big snakehead" (Channa marulia) 3meeroa6Bbie. snakeheads, Channidae = Ophiocephalidae 3mee3S76 lingeod (Ophiodon elongatus) 3meepi;i6ma straight-nosed pipe-fish (Nerophis ophidium) 3meexs6crica brittle star, ophiuran; (pl.) Ophiuroidea (a Class of echino- derms) smeemaxa darter, snake-bird (Anhinga) amepmàricKag 3. darter, water turkey (A. anhinga) HH,e1ICKai1 3. Indian snake-bird (A. nielanogaster) 3méçuca 1. (small) snake; 2. = mopcx6i1 ,apaKi5Hqux—greater weaver B011,5Màfi 3. Nais; (pl.) Naididae—a family of oligoehaetes 3mési snake 6opoesqa-ra5I 3. "warty snake" (Acrochordus javanicus) aacroxm5c-rasi 3. a sea snake (Lapemis hardwicki)

78 3MëSi

MoKKacl3HOSa5i 3. = BO,IjHHUI LLjHTOMÔp,i(HHK-wa.ter moccasin MOpCICâSi 3. sea snake; (pl.) Hydrophiidae (see also nJtocxoXBÔCT, JIaCTOXBÔCT) no,tAB513oLIHa5l 3. garter snake (Thaannophis) 3MésI-ÿropb "tsnake-eel" (Ptisodonoplais senaicinotacs) 3HaTIéxxe 1. significance, meaning; 2. numerical value 3HâLIHMOCTb (IIiiIljId) see I3HZ[eKC 3Hali6K index, sign 3oaHTâpxx zoantharian; (pl.) Zoantharia (an Order of coelenterates) 30âpxxH "little eelpout" (Zoarchias neglectus) 366ea = 6exor,aâ3xa-white-eyed bream 3OJIOTapxxK goldenrod (Solidago) 30JIOTâ5I pb16Ka (or p916a) goldfish (Carassius auratz,cs) 3oJIOTI3CTbIfi (MOpcK69) ëpu.I (see ëplH) 30JIOTOrJIâ3Ka goldeye (Hiodon alosoidès) 36Ha 1. zoI>e (in general); 2. = 3ooreorpacpKqecxax 3. oxeaxa- zoogeographical zone of the ocean; includes the five listed below (see also 66JIacTb) aHTapKTI31IeCKaH 3. Antarctic Zone apKTI3Tiecxax 3. Arctic Zone 6opeâ,abllasl 3. Boreal Zone, Subarctic Zone, North Temperate Zone HOTânbxax 3. Notal Zone, Subantarctic Zone, South Temperate Zone TponHiIecxasl 3. Tropical Zone 3oo6éHTOc zoobenthos, bottom animals

3ooMaCTIdrliHa = ?KI3BÔTHble ?KryTIdKOHScHKH-Zoomastigina 3ooll,aaxxT6H , animal plankton 3OOTâMHxi3 Zootltainni.2on-a remarkable colonial infusorian 300{^HTOC zoophytos-animals that are found on the leaves and stems of submersed plants 30cTépa eel-grass, grass-wrack (Zostera) 36aa zoea-a developmental stage of crustaceans 3y6 tooth (see also 3ÿ6bI) BOJIOC0BI3,L[HbIÎ3 3. hair-like tooth MopcKÔÎ%I 3. elephant's-tusk shell (Dentaliuna entale) CJIÔHOBbIii 3. = MOpCKÔii 3. 3y6âH I. = 06bIKHOBéHHbIIi 3.; 2. (pl.) dogsteeth (porgies of the genus Dentex); 3. (S Afr.) scotclunan (Polysteganus praeorbitalis) 6o,nbluer,Iiâ3bIR 3. large-eyed dogtooth (Dentex m,acrophthalubzcs) 6oJIbIIleroJl6BbIii 3. = 6oJIbIIIerJIâ3bIÎi 3. KaHâpCKI3iI 3. (E Atl.) "Canary dogt00th'f (Dentex canariensis) KpâCHblfI 3. (S Afr.) red steenbras (Petrz.ts rupestris) JIO6âCTbI1=i 3. (E Atl.) "steep-faced dogtooth" (Dentex filosus) MapoKKâHCKHIi 3. "Moroccan dogtooth" (Dentex nzaroccan2cs)

79 3y6àH

06bIKHOBélilibIil 3. (E Atl. ) common dogtooth (Dentex dentex) noaocàThill 3. (S Afr.) seventy-four (Polysteganus undulosus) 3y6àp (Azov) = 6 onal611 xpoxàab-goosander KpacHo6pibxHi1 3. = Cpé,g1-11,1f3/4 Kpoxàab-merganser 3y 6àpm{ sheepsheacl bream, puntazzo (Charax puntazzo = Puntazzo pun- tazzo)-a Mediterranean sparid fish

36apb 1. =- ak-ro4uca(2) -reef -fish; 2. -,---- cy,ex- zander 3y6ânca 1. wolffish, catfish, ( pl. ) ; 2, Atlantic wolffish ( lupus); 3. (Yenisei region ) arctic smelt (Osmerus dentex); 4. = KCTà-chum salmon (mature males ) ; 5. iK9rCIcMf rojtég- Yakut char amepHKàHcmag THX00KeàFICKag 3. wolf-eel (Anarrhichthys ocellatus) Hoc-r64Hiag 3. Bering wolffish (A_narhichas orientalis) AaabxesocT643ag 3. BOCT64Hall 3. nëcrpasi 3. = 1151THeICT851 3. noaocàTasi 3. Atlantic wolffish, common wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) 1151THfiCTail 3. spotted wolffish, leopard-fish, spotted sea cat (Anarhichas minor) Cù1-15151 3. , blue sea cat (A_narhichas denticulatus = Lycichthys latifrons) TOHKOXB6CT851 3. r= nocrôlmasi 3. yrpetAA3ag 3. = amepmxànci-casi Tkixomtancicasi 3. 3y6à,Titonme wolffishes, Anarhichadidae sy6p6mca vanilla grass (Hierocloe odorata)-used to fla your vodka 3Y6bi teeth (see also 3y6) 6orcosùe ry6fdie 3. lateral tooth bar ( of lampreys) raoT6uribie 3. pharyngeal teeth ( f ound in various fishes) AyibmHe 3. molar teeth, molars fië63bre 3. palatine teeth COIIIHHKOBIDIe 3. vomerine teeth 3yëic ( gen. 3yilxà) plover ( especially the smaller species; see also ràacTylumx, KpetiéTxa, rffiraniga, p)ckwa, 614c) amià-roadi 3. = xacnùficKplil 3. amepmckicxxil 3. killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) 6oabinexaicnabr'A 3. greater sand plover (Charadrius leschenaultii)

60T1b111011 3. = 60J1b1110e1 ràffc-ryinim -ringed plover ,/ITIHHHOH61-1,111 3. eastern long-legged plover (Charadrius asiaticus veredus) ,VIMHHOM5rliel 3. = itaClieleICKle 3. KaCHAIICKH11 3. Caspian plover (Charadrius asiaticus) KOpOTKOKJIYOBbIll 8. := KOpOTK01-16Cbd1 3. KopoTicomkbul 3. Mongolian sand plo-ver (Charadrius mongolus) Kpm3o36cbill 3. curve-billed plover (Anarhynchus frontalis) màabiil 3. little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius) moHr6abcxxil 3. = KOpOTKOHÔCbel 3. mopcKedl 3. snowy plover, Kentish plover (Charadr•us alexandrinus) nepenowiaTonàJibnI 3. semipalmated plover (Charadrius hiaticula semi- palmatus)

80 syëic

céseplimil MàJ11)111 3. little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius) TWICT0101115BbIll 3. = 60.71bIlleK.711b13bIg 3. yccypiiticianl 3. Ussuri plover (Gharadrius placidus) 33TëK-ràacTyqHmx ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) syëllex = qepHÉnu—green sandpiper 3yFiâcH (E Asia) zunasi, sealed sardine (Harengula zunasi)

81 HBBB IBVV—HHcTwryT 6H071611414 BHSTTpeHHbIX BoA A.KaAémmi Hayx CCCP (Bop 6x) ù6Hc ibis (see also xapaBâilxa) aJIbI H. (Am.) scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber) amepHxàHcxPHI 6é.inDier H. (Am.) white ibis (Guara alba) 6éJ1bIii H. 1. = CIMILHéHHbIll H.; 2. = amepHxàHme 6bib1ei H. xpacHoH6rHil H. Japanese crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) CB5HiléHHbill H. sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus)

SHICHICKM1 H. KpacHow5rPik H. 51H6HCKHil 6éJHDIR H. "Japanese white ibis" (Threskiornis melanocephala) HBIOM IBYuM—HxcrwrYT BH0J161.1414 14b/KHbIX Mopéer Axa,qemHH Hayx yxpaemexa CCP (Cesacrônoa) eiaa willow (Salix spp.) HaackBbul 110,110CàTHK sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) HBacii ivasi, west Pacific sardine (Sardina melanosticta)

Hraà, pnvià - pÉI6a 1. pipefish; (pl.) Syngnathidae; 2. (Black Sea, local) = capràx—garfish 6ecnëpaz mopcx'an H. finless pipefish (Penetopteryx) ,II,JIHHHOpi;IJIMI H. broad-nosed pipefish (Syn,gnathus typhle) smeeaùe,Haa (mopcxaff) H. straight-nosed pipefish (Nerophis ophidian) H. CoiLaà-roBa "Soldatov's pipefish" (Syngnathus acusimilis soldatovi) H. likiérem "Schlegel's pipefish" (Syngnathus schlegeli) xacneicxan H. "Caspian pipefish" (Syngnathus nigrolineatus caspius) mopcxàa H. 1. broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle); 2. =_- ameesei,aHas1 M. H. HOJI0CâTaSI H. = TOTICTOparlafi H.

ripHm6pcxaa H. = THX00KeâHCKaH H. nyx,noméKasi H. = tiepHom6pcxa5l nymornéreaa H. THxooxeàHcitaft H. "Pacific pipefish" (Syngnathus acusimilis) ToileTopÉmaa H. "thick-beaked pipefish" (Syngnathus variegatus) Tofficopanan H. "thin-beaked pipefish" (Syngnathus tenuirostris) nerucomôcrafl (mopcxàH) H. "chain-tailed pipefish" (Amphelikturus dendriticus) tiepaom6pcxaa ,aaHHHopÉraafl H. Black Sea broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle argentatus) tiepHomôpcuaa ameemi,a,Hasi H. straight -nosed pipefish (Nerophis ophidian tores) liepHom6pcxaa (nymoméxasi) H. "black-striped pipefish" (Syngnathus nigrolineatus) umnorsâTafl (or nenarAirecxasi) H. "Black Sea pelagic pipefish" (Syngnathus schmidti) anôHcxaa H. = H. LLIaérum Hre-Tpy6xopoT, mopcxàa 14epHom6pcxaa ,aaHHHop*Jrasi Hraà HraHueabie = Hmosùjuibie—pipefishes and seahorses, Syngnathidae 82 ÉtraHuH

ArmiuH (Ukr.) Hr.nâ-pgi6a tiopHom6pchica ,Rouropkaa H. Syngnathus typhle argentatus qopHomôpcmca nymoLu6Ka H. Syngnathus nigrolineatus Hrao6prbx puffer; (pl.) Tetraodontidae (see also cmaao3y6, co6âma-pÉi6a) 6e,no-r6geLmuil M. grass puffer, "whitespot puffer" (Fugu niphobles) raà3tia-rmil H. raà3liaTassi co6âica-pL:i6a 3arruerodu5Hmil H. oceanic puffer (Lagocephalus lagocephalus) HacToshume H-XH "true puffers" (Tetradon) 11OJI0CàTbd1 H. striped puffer, yellowfin puffer (Fugu ranthopterus) césepHmil H. = césepHasi conita-pÉi6a im6HcicHil H. "Japanese purl (leugu vermicularis) Hrao6pibx-nonyreumK "parrot puffer" (Colamesus psittacus) Hrao6plbxile, Hrao6ppbxonme puffers, Tetraodontidae Hr,nomi,aHme pipefishes and seahorses, Syngnathidae Hraoubte pipef ishes, Syngnathidae HP.TIOK6HH41,1 echinoderm; (pl.) Echinodermata (a Phylum that includes starfish, sea-urchins, etc.) Hraop6T = CT6MHH—scaly dragonfish HryàHa iguana mopcKàH H. 1. Galapagos sea-lizard (Antblyrhynchus distatus); 2. = nepyàHcicHil FlueporAàs HAHaitàwr black dragon (Idiacanthus)—a genus of luminous deep-sea fishes whose larvae have eyes on long stalks 06bIKHOB6HHIDIel H. "common black dragon" (/. fasciola) ItêpHmii H. "Pacific black dragon" (/. ?tiger) pr,aHaRàFIToume black dragons, Idiacanthidae imoa idol maupwràHcKHei H. moorish idol, "horned angelfish" (Zanclus cornutus) 1436Hpàemmil selected, chosen H-man TemllepaTS/pa selected temperature, preferred temperature H36Hpâlme see HH,ReKC H36HpâTeHbHOCTb selectivity H. opST,RHil aosa gear selectivity (by size of fish) H3BecTitouàHHe (upyR6H) liming, adding lime to (the water of fish ponds) H3HeCTK6BIDIC Calcarea (a Class of sponges) H3BéCTHLH1 1. known; 2. well-known; 3. definite; 4. certain, a few, some; 5. the abovementioned H3BeCTHSiK limestone H3meHirrb, H3MeHHTb 1. to change; 2. to veer, to shift (course, cargo, etc.) H3mepéHHe measurement, dimension 153o6kra isobath, depth contour, fathom line moràiffilia isohaline (line) 1430,11HT stock, sodality, spawning group, "isolate" (of salmon in a lake or river—applied by Konovalov .(1971) to the sockeye spawning in a par- ticular part of a lake, that is, a much smaller unit than his c'rà,,u0)

83 IbOIIOA f430noR isopod; (pl.) PI3pé?KiIBaHIde thinning, removal of surplus (cf. caM0I33péll

II3pé3aHH0CTb S88 KO9eppIljHéHT i33'bSiTHe removal, withdrawal HKOcTéesble ragfishes, Icosteidae I3i

IiHrOBaH (bÔpMa the forms of English verbs ending in "ing"

I-iHj[eKC index (see also n0I

84 fiHAexc

H. 3HâtIHMOCTH (IIfiIqx) index of importance (of a food)-the geometric mean of the percentage frequency of occurrence of a food item and its percentage by weight in the total food H.. H36xpâHKx (nAu.zH) 1. index of selection, selectivity index, forage ratio-the ratio of the percentage importance of a food item in stomachs to its percentage importance in the food base; 2. = I3HAexc aafeKT13B- HOCTx H. HanoJlHénxsl (xceJlÿuxa) index of fullness-weight of food in the sto- mach as a percentage of body weight H. nJ1ÔTHOCTI3 index of density, index of abundance (per unit area or volume) H. nOTpe6aéHHH (ni3IIZx) index of consumption (like the fullness index, but the "reconstructed" weight of the food is used) H. cTéneHH nxlllesôro CxôACTSa index of food similarity (between two species)-the sum of the smaller of the two percentages that each food item comprises in the food of the two species H. ynI3TaHHOCTIi S82 ynI3TaHHOCTb H. 3JIeKTHBHOCTI3 (nI3ILjH) index of electivity-equal to (S - b)/(S -}- b), where S is the percentage occurrence, by weight, of a food in the fish's ration, and b is its percentage occurrence in the environment (Ivlev) HI'IIKHHIi H. subscript HHxx Amazon freshwater dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) HHHSIxa (Kamchatka) = MajIopôTaH K6ploluxa-pond smelt HIITeHC{IBHOCTb 1. intensity, rate (see also CKÔpOCTb, K08CpIdLjI3éHT); 2. degree, intensity (compare 3KCTeHCABHOCTb) H. B9IJIOBa rate of exploitation (See B^IJIOB) H. IdHCpecTh4I3II degree of infestation (average number of parasites per host) H. aIOBa fishing intensity-"the quantity and operating regime of the fishing gear" (Denisov) H. npôMblcaa (in connection with fisheries) intensity of fishing, inten- sity of the fishery H. BKCnJIyaTAqIdfi = H. BI;IJIOSa HHTpoHl-irep rougheye rockfish, blackthroat rockfish (Sebastes ale2ttianus- S. introniger is a ) xHCDâyxa infauna-benthic animals that live in or burrow into the bottom (compare 3nH(pâyxa) HHCDysôpHSl infusorian, ciliate; (pl.) Infusoria, Ciliata, Ciliophora (a Class of protozoans) 6e3p6Tble YI-pKH Astomata (an Order of parasitic infusorians) 6ploxopecHf414Hble K-pHi4 Hypotricha (an Order of infusorians, including Stylonichia) x-pxl3 anocTÔMaTbI Apostomata (a small Order of marine infusorians, including SpiroplLyra) I4-pI3Ii aCTÔMaTbI = 6ecp6Tble FI-pi3H H. 6ypcâpx51 purse animalcule, Bicrsaria H. Tpy6âi trumpet animalcule, Stentor H. TyCpéJIbxa slipper animalcule, Paramoecium

85 xx4y3ôpixi

Kpyropecriffimbie x - pkix Peritricha (an Order of infusorians, including Vorticella, Zoothamnium, etc.)

parmopecHfrilime 14 - pm4 Holotrichia (an Order of infusorians, including Paramoecium)

pa3xopeciiiiimme x - pm4 Heterotricha (an Order of infusorians, including Stentor) peCHHHHaR H. 1. xcpy36ppix; 2. (pl.) Ciliata (sometimes considered a Subclass of infusorians) cocSiume Suctoria (an Order of infusorians, including Paracireta, Ephelota, etc.) 1,40AH IOAN—HimTHTSTT OKeamerm4 AKa,empm Fiàpc CCCP (Mociœà) unàTKa horned puffin (Fratercula corniculata) Pinmrixonbie Ipnopidae—a family of deepwater fishes with eyes replaced by a dorsal "cephaliç organ" HHHOHC Ipnops murrayi—a deep-sea fish ùpl4C = KacàTxx—iris picAma cÉma—masu salmon HCKJI10 1111TeJHDHO 1. exceptionally, extremely; 2. exclusively picxonàemoe 1. fossil (noun); 2. mineral miconàembei extinct, fossil (adj.) Herôx o-utflow, outlet, discharge Frreiapa itaiara (Promicrops itaiara) HXTH03à.Bp ichthyosaur HXTH0.71ÔrHH , science of fishes (in Russian usage, includes fishery science) 66masi H. general ichthyology xàcniaz H. descriptive ichthyology xximomàcca ichthyomass, weight of fish present (in a body of water) HXTHOMHC (S Am.) fishing rat (Ichthyomys) HXTHOHaCTOH ichthyoneuston—fish (usually eggs, larvae or juveniles) that live close to the water surface larrxocrwpxes ichthyosporidosis—a fungus disease of fish caused by Ichthyosporidium HXTHO4)àyHa fish fauna, ichthyofauna HXTHO4:ITHpHâ3HC, HXTHo4yrxpÔ3 ichthyophthiriasis (a fish disease caused by the infusorian Ichthyophthirius) Huéa a sculpin of the genus Icelus BOOpS0KCHHIDIrl H. (Okhotsk Sea) "armed Icelus" (I. armatus) Bocrétnibdi .ZLBypór'Hi H. spatulate sculpin (/. spatula) ,z1337xpôr141 x., amilaxremecxmil ,EwypôrmI H. twohorn sculpin (/. bicornis) H. Filub6evra (Jap.) "Gilbert's Icelus" (I. gilberti) icombtunl H. (E Asia) "spiny Icelus" spiniger) xeuiSfrixa-rbit,i H. (E Asia) "scaly Icelus" (I. rastrinoides) pnuxàx (Armenian. for "prince") Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan,) 86 T,

HoJIbAHesoe Môpe Yoldia Sea-one of the post-glacial stages of the Baltic; also ViodIbAHesoe BpéMa-Yoldia time i^topxc (Ukr.) = ëpLU-rnffe (Acerina cernua) 13op>x cÿMracTxK = nmocâTbiH ëpru-"striped ruffe" (Acerina schraetser) JIxMâxxxf4 Hopxi = nepxapHxa (Percarina demidof fi)

87 JI

xa.6àfi - pÉi6a 1. = nàpycnaa K.; 2. (pl.) boarfishes, Caproidae = Histo- pteridae = Histiopholidae = Pentacerotidae; 3. = newragep; 4. = Lumonep Aé.71T0110JI6Ca51 K. (W Pac.) yellow-striped boarfish (Evistias acutirostris) xpà.nuaTasi K. (Aust.) 1. yellow-spotted boarfish (Paristiopterus la,bio- sus); 2. peacock boarfish (P. gallipavo) 0,ZWOIIHTHACTan K. (Aust.) black-spotted boarfish (Zanclistius elevatus) nàpycna.B K. sailfin boarfish (Histiopterus typus) Tpêxnoaôcaff K. three-striped boarfish (Pentaceropsis recurvirostris) f1116FICKaff "Japanese boarfish" (Pentaceros japonicus) xa6e36}1 (SE Pac.) southern ocean whitefish (Caulolatilus cabezon) xà6eanD cable, warp, line (for towing) ità6ilo (Am.) cabio (Rachycentron canadus) xà6pa m6pa (Cuba) rock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis) xa6pùzbil 1. Peruvian rock bass (Paralabrax humeralis); 2. southern rock bass (P. callaensis) xaBàzna 1. king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla); 2. (Peru) Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) xaBacàxa, xaBacàxn small fishing boat with motor and sail (Pacific) xam463 khawiosis, infestation of carp by the tapeworm Khawia sinensis xaaàpxa 1. goose, especially those of the genus Branta; 2. brent goose, brant (B. bernicla); 3. any barnacle; 4. a snout beetle (Rhynchites) 6e,noa66aB K. white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) 6eaouexaB K. barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) xanà,gcuasi K. Canada goose (Branta canadensis) xpacno366an K. red-breasted goose (Branta ruficollis) màaafi 6eawn56aB K. lesser white-fronted goose (Ansel- erythropus) qêpnan K. brant (Branta bernicla)—including black brant xaâmà border ILTIaBHPIK(513a51 K. fin fold (of larval fishes) xaiMâH caiman, cayman (Caiman and related genera of American croco- dilians) raa,rwoe6Bill K. "smooth-headed caiman" (Paleosuchus palpebrosus, P. trigonatits) xpoxo,rubiongl K. "crocodile caiman" (Caiman crocodilus) OT-IK613bIll K. spectacled caiman (Caiman sclerops) qëpnbit,1 K. great caiman (Melanosuchus niger) umpoxopaubel K. broad-nosed caiman (Caiman latirostris) KaiimânoBan (pÉi6a) gar pike (Lepisosteus) xaraiO36ii citHil Cenozoic (era) Kàgpa guillemot, murre; (pl.) Alcidae (see also inkTxx) ,gal-IFIHOKJIIbBaSi K. = TOHKOKaiblIa51 K.

88 Kallpa

KopoTKox,Tniman K. = TOJICTOKJ1115Ba51 K. olut6Basi K. spectacled murre—a colour variant of the (Uria aalg e) TwicrownibBasi K. (Am.) Briinnich's murre, thick-billed murre, (Eur.) Briinnich's guillemot (11 ria lomvia) ToIncomarbnaH K. (E Am.) coimnon murre, (W Am ) California murre, (Eur.) guillemot (Uria aalg e) Kaaàmyc = Kaasimyc Kaaàu (adj. Kaaku4a) sea-otter (Enhydra lutris) xanâni4Abi Calanoida—a Suborder of crustaceans icadiàuye —a copepod Kaa6acy (India) calbasu (Labe° calbasu) —a cyprinid fish

Kluane( (Ukr.) = 666mpeil —Don chub Kum 1. Kali—an Indian goddess; 2. Kali—a genus of deepsea fishes of the family Chiasmodontidae xamir63 caligosis—infestation by the copepod parasite Catigus 1Cà,ni4x0 = qëpnasi xpânnm—black crappie, calico bass xamixxa (also KaJlëHHK) 1. "Don chub", "kalinka" (Leuciscus b orystheni- cus) ; 2. (Sura) = rycrepà—white bream xamurr6m4c calyptopis—a larval form of certain crustaceans KamcàFi (Eur.) brill (Rhombus rhombus = R. laevis) a3613CKH1:1 K. "Azov " (R. torosus) gepHomôpcxxil K. "Black Sea turbot" (R. maeoticus) Kamcàrumme lefteye flounders, Bothidac xamizirr Callichthys—a genus of armoured catfishes used in aquaria MITHHCTbIti K. spotted Callichthys (C. punctatus) KaampixToubie Callichthyidae—a family of small catfishes Kamopenix elephantfish (Callorhynchus callorhynchus) Kaapm6wry3 Kalrybvtuz—Kmuumun-pà,TcKprei Temditieciaul HHCTIITSTT 11p0MÙ111.71eHHOCTH H X035ÎËCTBa (Ka..11HHHHIspa,r). KaaSTra "kaluga sturgeon" (Huso dauricus) xa,uSimunilla marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) KaJ137.1K6HOK a young Ka#ra icazÉunKa kink eahma (Dnepr) = nocâpb—Don ruffe Kaabmàp squid; (pl.) Teuthoidea, Oegopsida (see also .116.amro, qygécuag Jlâmna) ameplucklexml ,r_tammonëpber K. Atlantic longfin squid (Loligo pealei) aTammillecrcuil KopoTKonêpmfi x. Atlantic shortfin squid (Illex illecebrosus) ruràffrciaul K. giant squid (.4rchiteuthis) Jie-raionue K. flying squid (Onychot euthis banksii) MLIE)H1 K. (Med.) little squid (Allot euthis media) 89 xaabmàp

THX00KeàliCK1411 K. Japanese squid (Todarodes pacificus) THX00KeàfiCK1411 xoponconëpbei K. Pacific shortfin squid (Rossia pacifica) xampmâp-.716.7114ro = .716.71Hro Kaabmâp-rma6T = aeTà.romml xanbmàp Kadimyc 1. (W Atl.) saucereye porgy (Calamus calamus); 2. = K. 6axo- Hàgo; 3. any porgy of the genus Calamus (see also Kapkb, n6prH, cKan) K. 6axoilà,zzo, K. 6aficniàgo jolthead (C. bajonado) Kaminyc Calanus (a copepod) Kamaaa a powder used as an anthelminthic for fish Kâmac, mopcK61 6exo6pibunca—parroquet anklet xam6aaa or Kam6a.d. (adj. xamMabiner) 3. flounder (most ); 2. flounder (genus Pleuronectes s.s.); 3. = mopcKail K.; 4. = peunasi K.; 5. (N.Z.) sole (Peltorhampus, Pelotretis); 6. (N.Z.) turbot (Colistium nudipinnis); 7. (N.Z.) brill (Colistium ammotretis); 8. (S Afr.) Algulhas sole (Austroglossus pectoralis) and west coast sole (A. microlepis); 9. (incorrectly) various species of Solea, and Cynoglossus a36BcKa5I K. = a36BcKaH KaaKki—"Azov turbot" amepHicâncKaH K. = 3ÙMH5I5I K. amepHKàficKaa KapJnIxoaaa x. Gulf Stream flounder (Citharichthys arctif rons) 6axriblexasi (petmàfl) K. "Baltic flounder" (Pleuronectes flesus trachzurus) 6e.ito6pibxaH K. (W Pac.) "whitebelly sole" (Lepidopsetta ,mochigarei) 6mom6pcxasi x. "White Sea flounder" (Pleuronectes flesus bogdanovi) 6opo,aaBliaTasi K. (W Pac.) (Clioderma asperrimum,) 6pa3AubcKasi K. "Brazilian flounder" (Paralichthys brasiliensis) regKan K. (W Atl.) smooth flounder (Liopsetta putnami) r.na3HâTag K. (W Pac.) "bigeye flounder" (Pseudorhombus olivaceus) rozoroenan ic. (W Atl.) smooth flounder (Liopsetta putnami) gaJlblieBOCTÔIIHaY1 raà,21Kasi K. = 110J10Cà.T851 K. AByX.71111-1éi1Hafl K. Lepidopsetta: see cénepnasi and linKHail ,II,ByXJ1141-1aHa51 K. Appopéniasi K. (W Pac.) (Kareius bicoloratus) ,VIAFIFIa}1 K. 1. any flounder of the genus ; 2. = xpàcnag K.; 3. = maaopôT Orémepa zukuniopÉxiag x. "Iongsnout flounder" (Limanda punctatïssima) Aêxrasi K. = >elITO6p1bXa1 K. )KëJITO6pliDXag R. AlasKa (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) ›KéKronëpasi K. (Pac.) (Limanda aspera) )Kë,71T0110,T11:5Cag K. (W Pac.) 1. "yellow-striped flounder", marganei (Li- manda, or Pseudopleuronectes, herzensteini); 2. = ,zommiopt;maa K. Aë,1"ITOXBÔCTa5I K. (W Atl.) yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) 313ë3,u.4aTa51 K. (Pac.) (Platichthys stellatus) 3Éi nimmi K. (W Atl.) -, gray sole (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) aynTasi x. (W AtL) (Paralichthys dentatus) K. re.pleHLITraHa = ocrporm6Ba5i K. K. rpmr6pbesa (W Pac.) rouncinose flounder, (Eopsetta grigorewi)

90 Kàm6aaa

K. ammàx,l'a = allmàana—clab K. Ha,r_bl

91 xam6adia

geThipêx6yrôpqaTasi K. = ›Kézro6p}bxan geTbipbmsrrneicraa K. (E Atl.) fourspot flounder (Paralichthys oblongus) tieluyerahasi K. (W Pac.) "scaly-eyed flounder" (Dexistes rikuzenius) lb)mag ,zusy.umérmafl K. "mochigar flounder" (Lepidopsetta mochigarei) IbmHaI nurrycoBù,mas1 K. (W Pac.) red halibut (Hippoglossoides dubius) SI3IDIKÔBaS1 K. = mopcx6i1 H3i:Ix(8) Humiom6pcxaa K. 1 , red halibut, (Hippoglossoides du- bius); 2. = HIIÔFICKM1 K. 51IlkICKa51 K. "Yokohama flounder" (Limanda yokohamae Pseudopleu- ronectes yokohamae) Kàleaaa-ammaoncérra (W Atl.) three-eye flounder (Ancylopsetta, dilecta) xàm6aaa - ëpui (Am.) , (Eur.) long rough dab (Hippoglosso- ides platessoides) aMepllidECKI411 K. American plaice (H. p. platessoides) euponékciaU K. long rough dab, rough dab (H. p. limandoides) em6adia - aeHryà,u,o (Peru) lenguado () xàm6aaompie righteye flounders, Pleuronectidae Kam6aamo6pâmbie , Pleuronectif ormes, Heterosomata

xâmemca (lower Don) = qm—.Aspro xamexxoyr6.111DFIbIil (geol.)

}camel-nu:A local name for several species of gobies (6biLuai) xameHOTÔqeg = xamHeTffileu, xameliSnmea harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus)

icâmerniunc 1. = mopcx6ii 4nhu4x— date mussel; 2. (Odessa) = 6bitu5x- poTân—rotan goby naabgeo6pâ3Hbill K. "finger date mussel" (Lithodomus lithophagus) emenb stone cayx(mÉle Kamm (also xâmenixH) ear-stones,

xâmerib - p1i6a stonefish (Synanecia verrucosa) xamepa room, chamber K. JUIS1 KO114HHH pg16 smoke-house xamPrr (Black Sea) a yearling mullet (Muyil auratus or M. saliens) xaivnie-rôqm (gen. xamHeTôtnia) 1. piddock, stone-borer (Pholas dactylus and related species); (pl.) Pholidacea (a Suborder of bivalves); 2. = Nwpcx6f1 (1)imax—date mussel xamrieniàpxa turnstone (Arenaria interpres) qëpHayi K. black turnstone (A. melanocephala) xamerre (Peru) camotillo (Normanichthys crockeri) xamOTATEDO 1. xam6Te; 2. sea-bass (Prionodes); 3. squirrelfish (Di- plectrum); 4. Peruvian tilefish (Prolatilus jugularis) xamnocrôma stone-roller ()—an. American genus of minnows xamcà (Don region) = yx.néfi—bleak Kai/111.1M bulrush (Scirpus—not Typha)

92 KaMIbILLi

K. MOpCKÔIi "sea bulrush" ( S. mari.ti7nus) K. O3epHbIH reed bulrush ( S. lacustris) K. yxopenxloHUHI%tCSI "walking bulrush" ( S. radicans) KaMbILIIëBIfa any of several species of marsh-dwelling old-world warblers KaMbIIIIHHK = KaMbIIII2BaH OBCHHKa-reed bunting KaMIbIIIIHI3Ija 1. ( EUr. ) moorhen, (Am.) gallinule (Gallinula clzlo- ropus); 2. any gallinule porâTaH K. water-cock (Gallicrex cinerea) KaMbIIIIÔBKa 1. = KaMbIIIIëBKa; 2. = KaMbILIIHi311a KaHâBa ditch, raceway, millrace KanarÿpTa = cKÿM6pHx-KaxarÿpTa KaHâJi 1. channel; 2. canal HepecTÔBbIA Ic. spawning channel nHnjesapfITeJIbHbIIi K. alimentary canal, digestive tract nOJIyKpy?KHbIi'I K. semicircular canal (of the ear) pb16onpolnyc.KH6I3 K. fishway KaH,tLllpy candiru, urinophilous catfish (Vandellia cirrhosa) KaHTâp (E Atl.) black bream, black sea bream ( Cantliarzcs liueat2as = Spondyliosonaa cantharus) KaHbÔH canyon KanaJlbxeH frozen `valrus me•at (a Chukchi word) Kanl36âpa capybara (Hydrochoerus capybara) KanHTâH 1. captain; 2. = p916a-KanHTâH-Captainflsb; 3. = rop6bljib- icanHTâH-"captain" (Pseudotolithes) KanHTâH-pb16a 1. = KanxTâH(3); 2. (pl.) = rop69l,nb(4)-Sciaenidae KanKâH trap aôBLIH%i M. (of copepods) food-capturing apparatus KanpoBble, KanpoH,qHbie boarfishes, Caproidae (see also aHTxronHSl) KanpoAoH (S Pac.) "Schlegel's bass" (Caproclon sclalegeli)-a serranid fish xanpoc boarfish (Capros aper) KanÿcTa cabbage MopcKâx K. (Sakhalin) "sea cabbage" (algae of the genus Alaria) IjBeTHâH K. 1. cauliflower; 2. cauliflo%ver head (a virus disease of eels, causing tumours on the head or jaws) Kan^cTHIiK, Kan^CTHHIja Steller's sea coiv (Rhylina stelleri) KanluâK , euphausids Kap cirque Kâpa-6axblx ("black fish") = HCCbIKK^JIbCKaH or 6aJIXânICKaSi Mapi3HKa Kapa-Kÿ3b ("black eye") (Aral region) = apâaIbexasl 6ejIonnâ3Ka- Aral white-eye Kapa-KÿpT karakurt-a poisonous spider

93 Kâpa-cHHHub

Kâpa-cHHrAjib (Black Sea) a very large mullet (Mugil auratus or M. saliens) Kapa6HH 1, swivel (for a fishing line); 2. karabiner (for rope, especially in alpinism ) KapasâH round loaf of bread MOpCKÔIi K. "loaf sponge" (Ilalichondria panicea); (pl.) Halichondriidae KapaBâHKa glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) IcapaKâTHlla cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis); (pl.) Myopsida Ka7lbMapoIIojj66HaH x. = JIÔJIIiro MâjtaR K. little cuttlefish (S. rondeleti) xapâHr, KapâHKC 1. jack, trevally (Caranx spp.); 2. = KapâHr-AxceK; 3. (SW Atl.) "blunt-jawed jack" (Carangops amblyrhynchus) 6é,ablK K. (N.Z.) trevally (Caranx platessa) 6oJlbIuerJIA3bIH K. horse-eye jack (Caranx latus) 60JIbIII6IÎ K. = KapâHr-A%eK raBâiiCKHIi K. "Hawaiian jack" (Caranx cheilio)-a poisonous species rodiy66H K. (Am.) blue runner (Caranx crysos) ,I[JII3HHOnëpbIli K. (Afr.) "longfin jack" (Caranx armatus) ?KëJrrbI]R K. 1. = Kap1Hr-A?KeK; 2. = rony66ft K. 301IOTI3CTbIIi K. = rojIy66iI K. KpâcHbIH K. bar jack (Caranx ruber) Ma,na6apcKHH K. "Malabar jack" (Caranx malabaricus) ceHerAJIbcKI3f1 K. "Senegal jack" (Caranx senegalensis) TëMHbIH K. black jack (Caranx lugubris)-a poisonous species LIepHblIi K. = T2MHbIIi K. iIIeCTHIIOJIÔCbIIi K. six-banded jack, banded cavalla (Caranx sexfasciatus) KapâHr-,R}KeK (Atl.) crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) Kapé3Hroable = cTaBpfIj[osble- KapaHAHq (Black Sea) = Mopclc6H neTÿx(2)-gurnard Kapanyc Carapus = Fierasfer; (pl.) Carapidae = Fierasferidae 6epMÿAcxHŸi K. pearlfish, American pearlfish (C. bermudensis) Kpâct-IbIH K. "red pearlfish" (C. homei) cpeAH3eMHOMOpcKIdIi K. "Mediterranean pearlfish" (C. acus) Kapanycosbie pearlfishes, Carapidae-a family of fishes that live in sea- or other invertebrates KapâcHlc (Ukr., local) = ropT4âK-bitterling Kapâcb (adj. KapacésbiH) 1. = 30,noT5K Kapâcb; 2. = cepé6p51xb1K K.; 3. various marine fishes, especially sparids aM^pCKIiIi cepé6pHHbIIi K. = Cepé6p39HbIIi K. aTJIaHTI3LIeCKIIIi K. = CKaII-scup 60JIbIIIerJI13bIIi K. saucereye porgy (Calamus calamus) rop6lTbIIi K. (Indian 0.) "humped porgy" (Sparus gibbiceps) ,aaJ1bHeBOCT674HbIÎI MOpCKÔi3 K. "Schlegel's porgy" (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) A,nKHHOKraIbII3 K. longspine porgy (Stenotomus caprinus) ?K2JITHIi MopcxÔIi K. = 1iLëJITbII3 Taii-tai 3oJIOT6IR K. 1. crucian carp (Carassius carassius); 2. (less often) _ 30JIOTâ51 pb16Ka-goldfish KâIICKIIii MOpCKÔŸi K. (S Afr.) panga (Pterogymnus laniarius)

94 xapâcb

xprralcicHil cepéôpymbnI x. Chinese wild goldfish (Carassias auratus auratus) Koperricoroaônbiti K. littlehead porgy (Calamus proridens) xpacnonêpmil mopcxôg K. redfin pargo (Paragyrops edita) xpàcmpiil mopcx6e1 K. 1. (Aust.) snapper (Chrysophrys spp.); 2. -=- KpâcHmil Tag xpSirabig K. (Ukr.) = 30J10TUI K.(1) xpyrinoilemSribibitl mopcx6rd K. "coarse-scaled porgy" (Acanthopagrus latus) mopcxôfi x. 1. (Eur.) annular bream (Diplodus annularis = Sargus annularis); 2. gilthead, gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata); 3. ( -W. Pac.) red sea bream (Chrysophrys major, etc.); 4. (pl.) porgies, Sparidae mopcx&I x. Llépcxoro (E Asia) "Cherskis porgy" (Sparus znacrocepha- lus ezerskii) mopCK(5e1 KÔabliaTbill K. (Eur.) annular bream (Diplodus annularis) 06LIKHOBéHHIDIII Cepé6p511-11e K. common wild goldfish (Carassias auratus gibelio) 13630BbIel M0pCKUI K. = xpàcfibitl mopc.x6k K. cepe6pÉicrbul mopcxôii K. (Aust.) tarwhine (Aeanthopagrus, Rhabdopagrus) cepé6py1Hbril K. 1. (wild) goldfish (Carassius auratus); 2. "silver snap- per" (Diplodus argenteus) cépuil K. (SW Atl.) castarieta (Cheilodaetylus bergi) cpp6zsicrni-1 K. (Ukr.) = Cepé6pHlibIrl K. TpaBHHUI K. grass porgy (Calamus aretifrons) mopcx6e1 K. = M0pCKUI K. Llépcieoro SHIC5FICKI41 (mopcx6i-1) K. (Indian 0.) Japanese threadfin (Nenzipterus japonieus) KapàCb-60JIBàH414K jolthead porgy (Calamus bajonado) Kapâch-,aypâle (E Atl.) shèepshead (Arehosargus probatoeephalus) xapâcb - mnoro3S76 (E Atl.) black bream, black sea bream (Spondyliosoma eantharus) ImpMc a shallow-draft fishing boat, with sails and oars, of about 10 tons 1a.p6611, xap615HEnDnI (geol.) Carboniferous (period) xap,RHHà.n, Kap,rumàdixa = anorox—cardinalfish xapAHHaarconme eardinalfishes, Apogonidae xàpgHym cockle (Cardium,)—see cep,a,uesHmea Kapeel tortoiseshell (of commerce) KapenpoxT snailfish (Careproctus) cénepnuel K. "northern snailfish" (C. reinhardti) yab-rpaa6MCCàablibi1 K. "stygian snailfish" (C. amblystomopsis) KapéTra 1. = rozonàcrasi Ilepenàxa; 2. = .716)xnaYi KapéTra aélifflaa K. = tiepenàxa-61"Icca—hawksbi11 turtle xapHoctuumb, xapnocinwub caryophyllosis, infestation of carp by the cestode Caryophyllaeus xapnCT manefish (Caristius) Aannmonêpmil K. longfin manefish (C. macropus)

95 KapAcrneBbie xapAcrnesme Caristiidae—a family of fishes xàp.inixoBbifi dwarfed, dwarf (adj.) x-Basi népica kokanee x-Bafl epma 1. dwarf form; 2. freshwater form (of a marine fish) xapn (adj. xàpnomei) (pond) carp (Cyprinus carpio); also wild carp in S. Russia (see also ca3ân) r(5.71bIel K. = K6)KIICTbIrl K. 3epKàJlbHbIel K. mirror carp 3y6à.rbie xàpnm 1. , Cyprinodontidae; 2. Microcyprini (an Order of fishes) emcncrbiel K. leather carp itipcxmil K. Kura carp pa36pôcarnimil or pa36p6carmouein3nIqaTbdr K. = sepid.abrimil K. pâmilaTmg K. = sepicàamil K. pormifiricxml IC. Ropsha carp—a hardy breed established at the Ropsha station near Leningrad tieruSreitiaTbnI it. scaled carp, ordinary carp xapneiec highfin carpsucker (Carpiodes velifer) xàpnna (S. Russia) = ca3ân—carp xàpnosail (pÉT6a) 1. any fish of the carp family; (pl) ) minnows, Cypri- nidae; 2. sqnawfish (Ptychocheilus) pacineno6peDxme xàpnosme Schizothoracinae (a Subfamily of cyprinids) xapnoeinibie fish of the Suborder Cyprinoidei xaprioé/L carp louse (Argulus foliaceus) xapno3S/6asi (pi;i6a) cyprinodont, live-bearer; (pl.) Cyprinodontidae mcnsopoesimafl K. live-bearer; (pl.) Poeciliidae neinépHasi K. cave-fish; (pl.) Amblyopsidae seluexaaelnast K. oviparous cyprinodont Kapnoo6pâ3Hbie , Ostariophysi (an Order of fishes) xapparéH Irish moss, carraghen (Chondrus crispus) xàpc-roBoe 63epo karst lake xavràfi see axST.Ira-xavràn xapxàpo,gon = 6éaaR alcSim—white shark rmràFrrciœll K. giant Carcharodon (C. megalodon)—an extinct shark xapi i"remains of a submerged tree" xàphnn () a small sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) or Siberian sturgeon (A. baeri) Kapbép pit, quarry Topenenl K. peat diggings, peat quarry xacà6e Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus) xacâme contact, tangency xacà-reabnasi (.7nhinsi) (math.) tangent xacântx iris, flag (Iris) Xiê.71TbIÇI K. yellow iris (I. pseudaeorus) creilpcmg K. Siberian iris (I. sibirica)

96 xachua

xacà.rxa 1. (Eur.) swallow, (Am.) barn swallow (Hirundo rustica); 2. fal- cated teal (Anas falcata); 3. = Kocânca KombuaH K. spine-tailed swift (Hirundapus caudacutus) xaceg 1. cascade, waterfall; 2. series of reservoirs, as on the Volga. xacrmocôma "Caspian goby" (Neogobius caspius = Caspiosoma caspium) KacraHéTa 1. (SW Atl.) castafieta (Cheilodactylus bergi); 2. (SE Pac.) reef-fish (Chromis); 3. demoiselle (Abudefduf) xa.radmieTa porkfish (Anisotremus virginicus) xaTaaStite 1. bigeye, catalufa, (pl.) Priacanthidae; 2. sweeper, (pl.) Pempheridae amepmàFicKasi K. glassy sweeper (Pempheris schomburgki) 60.7ffituerabaR K. bulleye (Cooke°lus boops = Priacanthus boops) o 6bIKH013éHHafl K. bigeye (Priacanthus arenatus) TPIxooKeàFicKasi K. popeye catalufa (Pristigenys serrula) smeilicKam K. "Japanese sweeper" (Pempheris japonicus) icaTaaSicttoBbie 1. bigeyes, Priacanthidae; 2. sweepers, Pempheridae xàTknue cold deck (logs stacked and awaiting transportation by river) Kà.Taa,Tasi catla (Catla catla)—an Indian commercial cyprinid KaTpà}1 spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) x. npumôpcxifil sea-kale (Crambe maritima) xaltuRa 1. spool; 2. (elec.) coil; 3. reel (for angling); 4. roller (espe- cially those used on the ground line of a trawl); 5. ram's-horn snail (Planorbis corneus) miepiummag K. direct-winding reel CHAHHHHFOBaH K. spinning reel xaTS.ruixa-myabilinauxfrrop geared reel KayAH "caudy" (Phalloceros caudomaculatus)—an aquarium fish 1,m4)&1131-Iasi pà6a (SW Atl.) "southern tilefish" (Lopholatilus villari) xam schoolmaster ( apodus) xanyo noiIOCáTbIi Tyuéu,—skipjack tuna xagaduca (Black Sea) = maxpéab—mackerel (in autumn) Kagéma (Peru) corvina (Cynoscion analis) xâilecTnembdi qualitative (sometimes a difference in the relative quantities of various constituents is referred to as a qualitative difference) mat-1én sea sickness (from Kàqma.: pitching, rolling) xauSrpxa petrel (genera Oceanodronza, Hydrobates, etc.) BHJIKOX136CTbIe K-KH fork-tailed petrels (genus Oceanodroma) BiblbCOHOBa K. Wilson's petrel (Oceanites oceanicus) màaan BHJIOXB6CTa1 K. Swinhoe's petrel (Oceanodroma monorhis) màaas npflmoxn6cTan K. storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) npumomônbie K-KH straight-tailed petrels, storm petrels (genus Hydrobates) cénepHafl lc. Leach's petrel (Oceanodroma leucorrhoa) disasi K. fork-tailed petrel (Oceanoclronta furcata)

97 Kamaaft

KaniaaôT sperm whale, cachalot (Physeter catodon) xapmacoHbrri K. dwarf sperm whale (Kogia ) Kanntazaàu = abicSrxa—coot CÙH1411 K. = CyJITàHKa(3)—purple gallinule KauHunc (Black Sea, local) = 6hig6K-Kpyr,nsix—round goby icalbpica, lealop(5K 1. clog-team driver; 2. pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba—see also tukTHK) KaribpKa (Kamchatka) jack—a salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus which returns to spawn at an age one or two years less than the majority of speci- mens in the region concerned. In British Columbia jack springs (chinooks —tianÉigH) and cohoes (KH>K5n4H) are typically in their second year of life, jack sockeye (Fiépia4) are in their third year icasis (Syr-dar) = apàabcxel Or TypicecTà.Hcranl ycelti KJAKHa (black-crowned) night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) aeaëHan K. little green heron (Butorides striatus) xHaicula 1. (Eur.) peeper, tree frog (Hyla arborea); 2. (pl.) Hylidae 6éJlail K. (Aust.) "white peeper" (H. coerulea) „gazbHenocr64HaH K. (E Asia) "Japanese peeper" (H. japonica) H3mésuisafl K. (Am.) gray tree frog, tree. toad (H. versicolor) 06bIKH0BéHHail K. (Eur.) tree frog (H. arborea) cumcnial,am K. (Am.) spring peeper (//. crucifer) i

98 xeptiàxonbie xeptiàxoBbie sculpins, Cottidae Keccôri caisson Keccômian 6oaé3Hb decompression sickness, the bends KeTà, Ké-ra chum (salmon), keta (Oncorhynchus keta)—see also m6Haxo JléTHY151 K. summer chum (O. keta keta) OCéHHHH K. autumn chum (O. keta autumnalis) xedoàaesme (grey) mullets, Mugilidae xeclAab mpllet, grey mullet (Mugil); (pl.) Mugilidae (see also ao6àH, OCTIJOHOC, rieminrac, CHHITIJIb)

ascrpa.nAelexag K. = ao6àH(1) —grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) AeaTor.d.3ast K. (Aust.) "yelloweye mullet" (Aldrichetta forsteri)

3oxonicran cmiremb — long -finned mullet FiFidrIcicafl K. "Indian mullet" (Ellochelon vaigiensis) K. 6pa3irabcmayi "Brazilian mullet" (Mue brasiliensis)

màaasz K. =- ocrpordic— leaping grey mullet

xeclAab - rozosh thin-lipped (grey) mullet (1YIngit ramada = M. capito)

xe4)àab - ao6àu = zo6àFi —mullet (Mugil cephalus)

xe4ià.nb - xea6H thick-lipped (grey) mullet (Mugil labrosus = M. chelo)

xecgiup -xoTypo (Cent. Am.) freshwater mullet (Joturus) xétiere (Carpathian region) = CTéN151,Ub—sterlet Kr46âc, xx6à-r (pl. xm6achù, xm6aTdi) weight, lead (for a fish net) xm6àc-Hab691c a net weight made of baked clay, used on the Amur KI4136K tip (of the short rod used in angling through the ice) icHsaK millipede xmicSrtl coho (salmon), silver salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) capamiôft K. coho infested with the myxosporidian Henneguya Ki13Hm-6adn;He 1. (Turkic) -= xacnidlcxxri J16 COCb—Caspian salmon; 2. baleek prepared from Caspian salmon xùtixa bow (of a ship) KI-1,11ëBbIll keeled xmner6p.nme "keel-throats", Pristigasterinae (a subfamily of clupeid fishes) lublex genitive plural of drabxa minneHôruR (moamipcx) see AByesTBOptlâTbIrl iquiég "Onega eisco"—a form of OrlyuJim (Coregonus albula kiletz) xibletuibiii adjective from itembxa KHJJb (adj. xmaêsbe I. keel (of ships); 2. keel (the sharp ventral mid- line of certain fishes) ximbxa (adj. xmlégrupiti) 1. (Baltic) (C/upea sprattus balticus); 2. (Caspian and Black Seas) "southern sprat", "kilka" (,) a6pàycxasi K. "Abrau kilka" (Glupeonella abrau) armôycouimuasi K. "anchovy kilka" (Clupeonella engrauliformis) 6a.irrililcman K. enbxa(1) 6o.nbuierabasT ic. "bigeye kilka" (Clupeonella, grinzmi)

99 x131lbxa

KacnI3I%ICKaSI K . "common Caspian kilka" (Clupeonella delicatula caspia) O6bIKHOBéHHâH K. "common kilka" (Clupeonell,a delicatula)-the Black Sea form is called Ttfl,nbxa (C. d. delicatula), the Caspian form is the kilka (C. d. caspia) CpeZ(H3eMHOM6pcKa5I K . = Cpej4ii3eMHOM6pcKHIi nlnpO T LIepHOMÔpCKaH K. 1 . = cpej[H3eMHOM6pcKI3Ii IIInpOT ; `Z. = KI%IJIbKa(`Z) KAHrKJIHn (SE Atl .) kingklip (Genypterus capensis ) KHH?KaTIO3~6 daggertooth (fl.notopterus pharao) KHHncaJlo3ÿ6ble Anotopterida e KHHOpI3HXH Kinorhyncha (a Class of roundworms) KHnapiic cypress (Cupressus) 6OJIÔTHbIIi K . bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) KMnosaR n,nâHKa fairlead, chock KHpneH willow-herb (Epilobium) KHpbSIK large-sized whitefish, trout, salmon, etc . KHCTenëpax (p916a) lobe-fin, crossopterygian ; (pl.) Crossopterygii (an Order of fishes) KHT whale (see also rpI3HAa, KaIIIa,nST, KJIiOBOpIiIJI, KOCâTKa, nOJIOCâTi3K) aaCTpaJII3I3CKHÎ~i K. southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) 6e33~6bIIi K . baleen whale ; (pl .) -whales of the Suborder Mystacoceti 6HCKIHCKHIi K . Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis ) rJlAj(KHIi K. right whale ; (pl.) Balaenidae roxy65%I K. blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) rop6aTbiH K. humpback whale (Megaptera nodosa) rpeHJIâHACKHf4 K. bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus ) 3y6âTbIIi K . toothed whale ; (pl.) whales of the Suborder Odontoceti KâpaIHKOSbIiI rJtâA KHH K. dwarf right whale (Caperea marginata) K. ?Keps9 Antillean sword-tooth (Mesoplodon europaeus) Kpyrjtoro .nôBbIK K. pilot whale (Globicephala melas ) HaCTOSIIL[I3ÎI K. = rJlâ,i(KHii K . nOJISIpHbIi3 K. = rpeHTIâHRCKHIi K . Cai31[SiHÔI%I K . sei whale (Balacnoptera borealis) cellbAxHÔH K . fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus ) cépblH K. grey whale (Eschrichtius gibbosus) ; (pl.) Eschrichtiidae CI3HHrI K . blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus ) ycâTbIt°i K . baleen whale ; (pl.) whales of the Suborder Mystacoceti IôXKHbIH K. 1 . Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) ; 2. right whale (any species of Eubalaena ) xnôHCKHK K. Pacific right whale (Eubalaena sieboldi) KHT-y6fiKua (0rcinus orca) KHTâeIj Chinese (man ) 1KeJIé3HbIfi K. iron chink-a machine for dressing salmon KHTOBAj[Ka "whale-mouth" (Cetomimus cranei)-a deepwater fish KHTOBI3RKOable Cetomimidae KHTÔBbIIi yc whalebone, baleen KHTOrJtâB shoebill stork (Balaeniceps rex )

100 KIdCp03

KId(^03 sea chub (Kyphosus); (pl.) = KHC^030sble 6epMÿAcKxH K. Bermn-da. chub (K. secatrix) IcIiC^03osble sea chubs, Kyphosidae = Girellidae KHIUeI4HO,abIl.uâl.ttxe, KHIUeIqH0}Kâ6epnble Enteropneusta (an Order of He- michordata) (see also 6aalaxorJt6cc) KxIneLlHOnoJIOCTHble Coelenterata (a Phylum of animals); (sing.) coelenterate Kxxx dune grass, wild rye (Elymus) Kaâ,aKa clutch, deposit (of eggs of fish or invertebrates) Kalâpxesble Clariidae-a family of catfishes Kitacc class s03pacTnô%I K. age-group roAoBSH K. year-class (see also noxojtéxxe) KJIës, ivtes6K a bite., biting-at baits by fish KJIésaHT 1. klevant-a small piece of wood used in joining two ropes so they can readily be separated; 2. split-ring, karabiner KjIesâfib, KJIIOH^rb to bite, strike, nibble xaeK glue 6ejIÿxtHK K. isinglass, fish glue KJIéHTpyM x,nëH maple (Acer) K,neaëK incorrectly = e,néll-dace KJlexb (Dnepr region) = roJIâBiIb-ehub Kaenéu "white-eyed bream" (Abramis sapa) KJIeIIIHSi chela, pincer KaeIu mite, tick nol^xHÔH K. water mite, hydraehnid; (pl.) Hydracarina MopcKÔH K. sea mite; (pl.) Halacarae nepbesU K. feather mite (of birds) KJII3K^H = JIé6ejjb-KJIi3K^H-Whooper swan ItJIAHHKa 1. a clinic; 2. symptoms, manifestations (of a disease) KaIIaHO6pIbxxe (S Am.) Gasteropelecidae-a family of characinoid fishes KJIKHO6pIÔUIKa "flying characin" (Gasteropelecus)-an aquarium fish KJtI3HOSble clinids, klipfishes, Clinidae ItJtHllyc Clinus-a genus of scaly blennies 6o,abiu6H K. "robust blenny" (C. robustus) KaiHnep clipper, fishing vessel (especially those used in tuna fishing) KafoKTÿH Baikal teal (Querqazeclula formosa) K,aon 1. bed bug (Cigaaex); 2. (pl.) bugs in general (Hemiptera) BoRxHÔH K. water bug; (pl.) Cryptocerata KJIÔyH 1. clown; 2. = MOpCKÔIi KJIÔyH Kp1CHbIf4 (MopCKÔIi) K. red frogfish (Antennarius sanguineus)

101 Kaôyx

MOpcKóI c. frogfish (Antennarius); (pl.) frogfishes, Antennariidae caprâcconLA (mopcx611) x. sargassumfish (Histrio histrio) THrp6Bbill (mopcx6f1) K. tiger frogfish (Phrynelox scaber) Tpêx3.- 6bie (mopcxôil) "three-toothed frogfish" (Phrynelox tridens) Knynàxoesoll Clupanodon thrissa—a small gizzard shad of the west Pacifi e KayrmcSumc "African. osteoglossid" (Clupisudis nilotieus) wiSqua 1. lesser black-backed gull (Lams fuscus); 2. any large gull (see also I-Mica, maplUx) THxocdceàficKafl K. slaty-backed gull (L. sehistisagus) itabilc fang, tusk, canine tooth mbix5.11 "toothfish" (Dissostichus)—a genus of notothenid fishes aErrapwrWiecKHR K. "antarctic toothfish" (D. mawsoni) naTarenicumil x. "Patagonian toothfish" (D. eleginoides) KTITOB 1. beak; 2. rostrum KllioBall 1. deepwater redfish (Sebastes mentella—as distinct from the 30,TIOTi1CTbril 6KyHb, S. marinus); 2. ibis (Ibis) THX00KeàHCKl4fl K. Pacifie ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) KJIMBOH6C 11àFiLlepHa51 tuSuca—gar pike KJIMBOpall 1. = 06bIKHOBéHHEÉ1 K.; 2. = HaCTOhL11411 K.; 3. (pl.) beaked dolphins, Ziphiidae; 4. "snoutfish" (Mormyrus and related genera) HacToulHil K. Cuvier's beaked -whale (Ziphius eavirostris) 06bIKHOBéHHbIll K. -=MopcKó Kapâcb(2)--gilthead 110J10CàTbIll K. (E. Atl.) = 3y6à.pmc—puntazzo TacmanoB K. (N.Z.) Tasman whale (Tasmaeetus sheperdi) KmoBopanbie 1. "snoutfishes", Mormyridae; 2. beaked dolphins, Ziphiidae KTI103 hawsepipe min5KBa cranberry Kmoti 1. slow-flowing spring-fed creek, or abandoned river channel, some- times with lake-like expanses (used particularly in Kamchatka where many kliuchi are used by salmon for spawning); 2. (= nponàpma) a natural opening in the ice cover of a lake—a terni used on iunotiima clavicle (possibly also eleithrum) xasmyxa local name for aem—bream K,Tigliësma brail (a vertical stick or heavy rope at the end of a gill- net or seine) KAsitlôma 1. = icayili; 2. butterfly (a straight or more often boomerang- shaped bar used where two or more net cables are joined to the towing warp, in tra-wl fishing) C 6o6Himêm Danleno assembly (butterfly plus bobbin) TpS76qa.Tasi K. tubular (straight) butterfly 4-)HrSipHasi x. curved butterfly, finger butterfly imexT (on a ship) bollard KHHAOCII0p14)1,1151 enidosporidian; (pl.) Cnidosporidia (a Class of parasitic protozoans, including several organisms causing diseases of fish)

102 KHI-I?KKa

KHI3xcxa book 1Ié1uy%iHa5l K. scale book (containing fish scales for age determination) KHFi1IÔBIiT4H5l = 6bIqÔK KHHIIÔBIiTda KHÿT 1. = 6bI,I0K-KHÿT-"toad goby"; 2. = 6bM6K-IIec6MHI3K- "molikey goby" Ko6é,ab, K66JII3K (Ukr.) = rlecKâpb-gudgeon Ko6HeBble Rachycentridae Ko6xH cobia (Racltycentron canadum) Ico61;i,na (Donets region) = xtépex-asp KOBâJIa kowala (Kowada kowala)-an Indian clupeid KoBIU 1. bucket; 2. basin (for ships), artificial harbour KôrxH dwarf sperm «>hale (Kogia breviceps) Kôaa 1. skin; 2. harp seal (PTaoca groenlandica) K03â 1. goat; 2. (Smolensk region) = zaexôHb-chekhon Ko3â-pv16a 1. (E Asia) "blackstripe goatfish" (Parupeneus barberinus); 2. (p1.) goatfishes, Mullidae K03âpxa = 6ejIon56bli=i rycb-white-fronted goose K03ë,a 1. goat, he-goat; 2. (Dnepr and Bug) immature bream-,neuz; 3. = 6apa6ÿ,nR-K03ë,a 60JIÔTHbIii K. eob antelope (Kobus kob) BORHHU K. "water antelope" (Kobus ellipsipyr7nzis) ICO3Oj;ÔI%I goatsucker (Caprimiclgus europaeus) KÔ30LIKa ghost shrimp (Caprella) KoI3JIâHHe coiling (lines on a ship) KÔIiJIHH 1. any anchovy of the genus Coilia; 2. (E Asia) Coilia ectenes KôxaHH = xtK,aâst Hépxa-kokanee KOKKOJII3T coccolith KOKOBI%IK = rarâpa-loon KôKy koku-a Japanese volumetric unit equal to 180.4 litres KOKIjH,IjH63 coccidosis-a group of internal diseases of fish, caused by Eimeria or related sporozoans KôKqa (Kirgiz) = r6jIbIf4 ocMâH-scaleless osman K6J16a = 6bIl-IÔK-goby

K6J16HeBble = 6bIqK6Bble-Gobiidae Koj16HeIuÿKa clingfish (Gobiesox); (pl.) (see also HpHCÔcxa, yTOqKa) rôjtasl K. naked clingfish (G. nudus) KOJ16HH gobies, Gobiidae I3aIHcTble K. mudskippers, Periophthalmidae Ko,ne6âHHe change, fluctuation

103 KodieUrine

nepproeeexpie K-ii long-term fluctuations, changes (not necessarily re- gular) in abundance over a long period umednitiecieue K-HH cyclic fluctuations (of regular period, usually fairly short) ic6ae3elib (Ob region) small muksun (Coregonus muksun) iemen1iaTon6roe = mopcien naSix(1) leoaAtiecraernibifi quantitative xemosphrea ; (pl.) Rotatoria (a Phylum of animals) 0,II,HOHYPIHHKOBbIe K-KH Monogononta (an Order of ) ITHSIBKOBAAHIDIe K-KH Bclelloidea (an Order of rotifers) KOZOK6,11 1. bell; 2. (of jellyfish) umbrella KOJI0K6,71bITHK bluebell, bellflower (Campanula) KOZOCHsiK dune grass, wild rye (Elymus) xemniula, K6.111114K (Eurasian) spoonbill (Platalea leucordia) xodi3',7m6kin sand roller (Percopsis transmontana = Columbia transmontana) iewiSixa local name for xopeounea—smelt KOETIX63 collective (enterprise)—farm, fishery, etc. KOJddunca kink xwibuenàFine banding, ringing (of birds) moàb15 1. ring; 2. annulus, ring, check (on fish scales, otoliths, etc.) r0A0B6e. K. = Koabu,6(2) ,2w6ânotinoe K. 1. supplementary ring, false annulus (on scales); 2. disturbance ring (on clam shells) 3aBO,T1H6e K. split ring (on a fishing line) riepecT6Boe K. spawning ring, spawning check (on scales) crsuKHE;Ie Kelabga pursing rings (of a purse seine) K6,711a4aTbIfi (tiepin)), KOJIblieU annelid (worm); (pl.) Annelida (the Phy- lum of "true" worms) HCpBATilibIll K. primitive annelid; (pl.) Archiannelida (a Class of annelids) icoinotieroeubiii (tiepnb) acanthocephalan (worm); (pl.) Acanthocephala (a Phylum of parasitic worms) xo,inotienêp spiny-rayed fish; (pl.) ancTpaanflcialfi x. old wife (Enoplosus armalus); (pl.) Enoplosidae romenoamepnxàficxer K. Cottopercct gobio xoJnotienëpaa (pi;i6a) 1. ribbon fish, (pl.) Trachypteridae; 2. spiny-rayed fish, (pl.) Acanthopterygii

xo.inbtuca (Ukr.) x6,Inoiniea —stickleback 6araTor0J1K6BH KOJHblIKH nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius) K. Tpur6dixoua = TpbcArdiasi KOJHbittKa màaa nnilaéFaia K. = màaan Kombunea maaorome6m4 xo.inbtneu three -spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) ie6mounea, F:ombunea stickleback apcicayi (Aenandiraase) K. "Amur stickleback" (Pungitius pungitius sinensis)

104 K6arouwa

apàabcKan x. "Aral stickleback" (Pungitius platygaster aralensis) 60abLuàff K. threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) raa,zwoxBôcran màaasi K. "baretailed stickleback" (Pungitius laevis) ,aeBsrrmirdrayi K. ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius, P. platygaster) AJIHHHOpliMan K. 1. tubenose, (pl.) Aulorhynchidae; 2. = mopcKàH K. AëdrraYI zummopilnasi K. tubesnout (Aulorhynehus flavidus) màaaH K. ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) A/Allan lemma K. "southern ninespine stickleback" (Pungitius platygaster) mopcKàfi K. sea stickleback, 15-spined stickleback, great sea-adder (Spinachia spinachia) lurnià,rwaTmùraasi K. =. mopcmàfl K. pyqbersàH K. brook stickleback (Culaea izzconstans = Euealia inconstans) caxaaAlicKasi K. "Sakhalin stickleback" (Pungitius tymensis) TmooKeàHcKasi K. =JII4HHopIIJIa5 K.(1) TpbcÉraan K. threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) tie-rbrpbcAraasi K. fourspine stickleback (Apeltes guadraeus) buHas (màaan) màaasi ibmman K. .xn6Hcxasi AzurniopÉraafl K. "Japanese tubenose" (Aulichthys japonieus) KombLuKonbie sticklebacks, Gasterosteidae xammuxoo6pbruile , Thoracostei (an Order of fishes) KOmàp 1. ; (pl.) Culicidae; 2. imago of any aquatic Diptera: midges, mosquitoes, cranef lies, etc.; 3. certain other Diptera 3emrionôiunilfi K. scum midge (Dixa) maanplifixbill K. malaria mosquito (Anopheles), especially A. maeulipennis madmpediumiR K. KaCHIUCKFIII, à9AeC KaCHIVÉCKH11 "Caspian malaria mos- quito" (21edes easpius) Hacrosiumil K. mosquito; (pl.) elllieldae 06LIKHOBéMihdi K. "COMMOri mosquito" (Cu/ex pipiens) nepHc.rojrunl K. phantom midge (Corethra = Chaoborus)

KOmàp-,Repr9E = Komap -Toaxpéu icomâp -,aoaroH6)xxa cranefly; (pl.) Tipulidac womap - Toaxyriéu midge, chironomid; (pl.) Chironomidae, Tendipedidae KOMàp-TOJICTOH(»KKa, IlëpHbIa K. March fly, St. Mark's fly (Bibio) xelmeab 1. end of a cable or rope; 2. butt (of a tree) xoméTa comet variety of goldfish KOMHTéT -rpëx, KOMHTéT neThipëx the committee of three (later four), set up to examine data on antarctic whales, about 1962 xomneucàum compensation (see cmévrHocrb.) emnaeKcHbril 1. complex; 2. many-sided, combined, comprehensive, inclu- sive, overall

x- fme 1433niérme a study of all phases (of something) KommeméFrr complement, alexine, alexin, cytase (substance (s) present in

105 KomnaeménT

blood serum that, in conjunction with certain antibodies, will cause lysis of certain cells) Kéinrep conger (eel); (pl.) Congridae (see also mopc.K6f4 STropb) HSITHACTbIel K. Japanese conger (Astroconger myriaster) cepe6pAcTEA K. silvery conger (Ana go anago) Kouromm (Aust.) "congolli" (Pseudaphritis karsinus)—a notothenoid fish KoHrocaamep (Af r.) "rainbow tetra"—a characid aquarium fish KenirpeBbie conger eels, Congridae congrio (Genypterus)—a genus of ophidiids ■ act pmâncKlifi K. = elICK1,111 K. KàHCKHil K. kingklip (G. capensis) Kpàcnbig K. "red congrio" (G. chilensis) maaopôTbill K. (Aust.) "smallmouth congrio" (G. microstomus) HYITHACTbHI K. (Peru) "spotted congrio" (G. maculatus) tiépnbril K. (S Am., Aust.) "black congrio" (G. blacodes) xoneaKa. (Lena region) = cH6ùpcKast Onyunta—Siberian cisco KÔH./LOP condor KaawpopneicKHil K. California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) ioxmoamepnxânclue K. Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) KOH& (pl. KOHbK11) 1. (also petiH6i1 K.) round whitefish (Prosopium cendraceum); 2. pipit (Anthus); 3. sucker, (pl.) ; 4. the grasshopper Chlorothippus B0,11,511E5'1%1 K. water pipit (Anthus spinoletta) rôpimei K. = B01116 K. mopcKôll K. seahorse (Hippocampus) no.neefi K. tawny pipit (Anthus campestris) rurrnAcTmil mopcKeill K. spotted seahorse (Hippocampus trimaculatus) qepnomopcKnil mopcK6ii K. "Black Sea seahorse" (Hippocampus guttula- tus microstephanus) sinôlicKei mopcK611 K. Japanese seahorse, seadragon (Hippocampus japonicus) Koriëx--rpsinffinniK (Aust.) "ragpicker" (Phyllopteryx egues)—a pipefish KoHén 1. end; 2. length (of rope or cable) rôabnl K. free end (of rope) xonelniepôTayi (pÉi6a) teleostome; (pl.) Teleostomi KOHét1H0 1. of course; 2. (math.) (it) is finite Konélmmil 1. final, terminal, end; 2. (math.) finite Kome6crpaxn Conchostraca (a Suborder of crustaceans) KonicypéHT competitor KOHxyp éHLIHYI competition nnulenàsi K. competition for food. Shorygin (1952) distinguishes 3 quantitative aspects of food competition, most easily defined using symbols: (1) Suppose two competing species consLme n common foods, and let c„ en, represent the smaller of the two percentages (by weight or volume) that each food constitutes of the total consumed by each species; (2) let a, and a, be the weight of food consumed per 24-hour day by each

108 KOHKypéHlji351

of the two species, and let b be the weight (biomass) of food objects living in the total area inhabited by one or both species; (3) let q re- present the degree of coincidence of the feeding ranges of the two species, as percentage. HanpRAéHHe K-11Hx force of competition = i = 100 (a, + a2)/b oftëM K-qHK magnitude of competition = d = c1 + e2 + ,.,+ On ci3,aa K-uHH intensity of competition (as percentage) = e = diq/10,000 KOHOpbIJI Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus-a marine fish KoxoCl3p fish of the genus or subgenus Konosirus IISITHIiCTbIii K. (W Pae.) "spotted gizzard shad" (Clupanodon punctatus = II: onasirus punctatus)

KOHCTAHTa (math.) constant (see also ^IHAeKC, IIOKa3âTeJIb, KOa(pHUHéHT) K. pÔCTa rio jI1MaJIbrly3eHy SchmalhauSen's growth constant (the instan- taneous growth rate multiplied by the time elapsed from the start of growth)

KoHTIdHréHT share, quota, contingent

KOHTHHreHTApoBaHl3e quota system (for fishermen) K. ÿJtOBa catch quota

KoHTpa4eK63 contracaecosis-infestation by the nematode Contracaecum K0HTp6JIbHbIH nyHKT control station (for enumeration and protection of salmon spawners) KôHyc Conus-a genus of marine snails MpâMOpxbIH K. marbled cone-shell (C. naarmoreus) KOHxôcTpaxa conchostracan; (pl.) Conchostraca. (an Order of crustaceans) KOHb 1. horse, stallion; 2. = H2CTpbIIi K.; 3. = KOHb-ry63pb; 4. = KoxëK(3)-,sucker; 5. _^Képex-asp; 6. = 6eaopb16xua- inconnu 6éJIbIii K. = KOHb-ry6âpb AJIYIHHOpbIJIblii K. r`IOngsnout barbel" (Hemzibarb26s longirostris) rtëcTpblH or IIHTHHCTbIH K. "spotted barbel" (Hemibarbus ma•ciclatns) KoHb-ry6âpb "Amur barbel" (Henzibarbns labeo) Koxb-pb16a = 1IyxyqâH-redside sucker KOHb-pH6yIIIëK = II2CTpbIii KOHb KOHbKIî plural Of KOHëK

KOHIflra auklet (compare HbUKHK) 60JIbIÜ151 K. crested anklet (Aethia cristatella) KpÔIIIeLIHaSi K. =KOHiÔra-Kp61fIKa Mbtax K. whiskered a.uklet (A. pygmaea) KoHlôra-Kp61uxa least auklet (Aethia pusilla) KoopAxHâTa (math.) coordinate, axis AeKâpTosble K-Tbi cartesian coordinates KoIIâJlbxeH see KanlJlbxeH Konefffla C•opeina-a genus of small characinoid aquarium fishes K. ApxojtbAa "Arnold's Copeina" (C. arnoldi) t)opédteBaA K. "trout Copeina" (C. guttata)

107 xonen6g xonen(5, copepod; (pl.) Copepoda (a Subclass of crustaceans) xonenuerr, xonenoz,ATHag crà,am copepodite, copepodite (stage)—inter- mediate stages in development of a copepod, between the nauplius and the adult KO110B1140K (N Russia) parr, young salmon KOIITÉIJIMISI smokehouse xonbê - pù6a, xonbêpbm ; (pl.) , Istiophoridae KOPOTKOH6Ca51 K. = xoponcom,%Tibiel xoribëeceix KOIITAIIÔCell spearfish, marlin (Tetrapturus) 6édiasi K. (Atl.) white marlin (T. albidus) KOPOTKOpgITIbIll K. (Pac.) shortbill spearfish (T. angustirostris) noaochlAil K. (Pac.) striped marlin (T. andax) K0pà6,7114K 1. small vessel, ship; 2. pearly nautilus (Nautilus) novryràabcxxil K. Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia arethusa) xopàaa coral, anthozoan; (pl.) Anthozoa (a Class of coelenterates) aTibUll0HeBblel K. = maymeirwati K. 6JlarOpÔZHbIA K. red coral, jewelry coral (Corallium rubrum) Bocbmmyliëauil K. 8-rayed coral; (pl.) Octocorallia = Octoradiata (a Subclass of coelenterates)

ropremixeRmil K. , ropremosmil K. gorgonian (coral); (pl.) Gorgonacea =-- Gorgonaria (an Order of coelenterates) rpH6oBA,ampill K. fungus coral (Fungia) xamemicluil K. stony coral, madrepore; (pl.) Madreporaria (an Order of coelenterates)

K. opt-Lit-me organ coral (Tubipora) KOPKOBbIel K. "crusty coral", zoantharian; (pl.) Zoantharia (an Order of coelenterates) KIACHbI 11« K. = 6JlarOp5AHbIel K. ayges6fi K. actinozoan, rayed coral; (pl.) Actinozoa, Anthozoa (a Class of coelenterates) ma,apenoposhnl K. = xamerdicrbul K. WIPKI4'11 K. = 110J1y1VISirKllel K. 0,&1111(5 11HbIel K. solitary coral noayrdirx1411 K. soft coral, alcyonarian; (pl.) Alcyonaria (an Order of coelenterates) poroBen1 K. = ropr6Hmesuil K. COTIHÉtilibIg K. sun coral; (pl.) Helioporida (an Order of coelenterates) mecTmayqëBbril K. 6-rayed coral; (pl.) Hexacorallia (a Subclass of coelenterates) xopà,naosbie pÉ>i6m coral fishes, Chaetodontidae Kopaum coracin (Coracinus multifasciatus)—an aquarium fish xop6ùxyara Corbicula— a genus of freshwater clams xop61ma, xopenia (Peru) corvina (Sciaena gtilberti and other sciaenids) ep63re, x6p6a (Onega region) = eaéu—dace epem, root ùpribul K. sweet flag (Acorus calamus) 108 KOp31%IHa

KOp3KHa, KOp3KHKa 1. basket, crate; 2. "lamprey-pot" (a small trap net made of woven staves, used to catch lampreys at the mouth of the Neva R.) K. Béxepbl Venus's basket (Euplectella aspergilluon)-a sponge pb16âuKaR K. creel

KOpHC^éxa, KOpH(^éHb, 6oJtbulâ5I K. mahimahi, dolphin fish (Coryphaena htip p2tr2ts ) Mâitasl K. pompano dolphin (C. eq2cisetis) KopI3*éHOBble dolphins, Coryphaenidae KOpM food, fodder, feed KopMaléHHe feeding (supplying food to)-compare IIHTâHHe ecTécTBexlloe K. natural food supply HcKÿccTBexxoe K. artificial feeding KôpMHOCTb BO,t[OëMa food consumed in a body of water by fish (Borutsky, 1959)

KOpMOBUi K03C^F3IjHéHT See KO3CpI3IiI3éHT KOpHeHÔ?KKa (also KOpHeHÔI'Oe) rhizopod; (pl.) Rhizopoda (a Subclass of protozoans) MopcKâx K. (pi.) Foraminifera (an Order of marine protozoans) paxoBHAHaH K. testacean; (pl.) Testacea (an Order of freshwater proto- zoans) KopxepoT a jellyfish (Rlzizostoma) KOpôBa cow MopcKâH K. 1. (Steller's) sea cow (Rhytina stelleri); 2. (pl.) sea cows, Sirenia; 3. = 3Bë3ROliëT-stargazer CTeJIJIepoBa K. = MOpcK^H K. KopbBxa diminutive of Kop6Ba MopcKaH K. stargazer (see 3Bë3,IjOLiëT) Kopo3Iéscxax p916a = 6a3xnxxT-pejerrey T4ëpxaR K. = K66YiSi-col)la KopôjIb king ceJIbAsIHÔ%i K. king-of-the-herring (Regalecus russelli); (pl.) oarfishes, Regalecidae KOpoMbICJIO dragonfly of the genus Aeslma KopoHa,rjo, KopoHâRo-cepxôaa greater ( dumerili, S. lalandi) K6poII (Ukr.) = Kaprl or ca3âH-carp xôpoc (White Sea) - 60albluâ5l xôMoluxa-tlu•eespine stickleback KopocTé>tb corn crake (Crex crex) KopoTKoroJIOB a frog of the genus Brachycephalus KopoTK0uI3KJI0SaR pbi6a a fish having a short life-history Kôprtyc 1. (math.) field; 2. hull (of a ship); 3. housing (of an engine, etc.); 4. a building, or a wing of a building KoppeaRuHR (math.) 1. correlation; 2. relationship, regression Koppe,axuHÔHHaH céTKa, K-Hoe noue scatter diagram

109 KOpIII~H-CJIIi3Heej[

KOpIiI~H-CTIIi3Heej[ Everglades kite, snail-eating kite (Rosthramus sociabilis ) Kôploxa 1 . (White Sea) = 6enoM6pcxasl Kôploluxa ; 2. (Ladoga region) = JIâRox~cxasl KôpIoHlK a KÔpIOIIIKa (adj . KÔpK)LIIKOBbIfi) 1 . = esponéHCxax x . ; 2. (pl .) smelts, Osmeridae (see also HaribIlu ) a3iiâTCKa5I K. = 3y6âcTa5I K. aMepHKâHCxasl K. (W Atl . ) rainbow smelt, American smelt (Osmerus morclax) 6edIOM6pcxasl K . "White Sea smelt" (Osmerus mordax dentex, from dvinensis ) 6 0 TIbIII15I K. = 3y61CTaSI K. eaponé%icxasl K. (E,. r .) smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) 30JIOT15i K . = apreHTI~Ha-argentine 3y6âcTa5l K. arctic smelt, Asiatic smelt (Osmerus mordax dentex) KajmcropHltHCxasl MajIopôTasl K. (E Pac .) surf smelt (Hypomesus pre- tiosus ) JIA,uoxccxaH K ., oHé?KCKaH K. "Ladoga smelt" (0smerus eperlanus lado- gensis ) MâTIaSr K . = MaJIOpÔTaSI K. MaJlopôTasl K . 1. = Ma,IlopbTasl peLIHâx K . ; 2. (Jap., U.S.) delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus ) Ma,nopbTasi petIHâsi K. pond smelt (Hypomesus olidus ) MOpcKâsl K. 1 . = 3y6âcTasl K.; 2. = eBporléHCxasl K. (used to distin- guish marine stocks from freshwater ones ) MOpCKhSI MaJIopÔTaH K . (Pac .) surf smelt, silver smelt (Hypomesus pre- ttiosus ) o3ëpHa5i K. "Baltic lake smelt" (Osmerus eperlanus spirinchus) THxooxeâHcxaR K. (Pac.) eulachon, candlefish (Thaleichthys pacificus) Kôploluxosble smelts, Osmerida e Kopflra snag, deadhead KoCâ 1 . scythe; 2. spit, sandspit Kocapb local Dame for Liex6Hb-sablefish KOCâTKa 1 . any small catfish ; 2 . any bagrid catfish, (pl.) Bagridae ; 3. = KocâTKa-cxpHnÿH Or KocâTKa-H,aeTb ; 4. (pl.) estuarine catfishes, Tachysuridae; 5. killer whale (0rcinus orca) ; 6. false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens ) KâpJIHKOBast K . dwarf killer whale (Feresa attenuata ) K. Epâ)KHxxoBa "Brazhnikov's catfish" (Liocassis brashnilcovi) K. I'epueHiuTéitxa "Herzenstein's catfish" (Liocassis herzenteini) MAJIaH K . 1 . = K. EpâxtHHKOBa ; 2. =lqëpHasl K. o6bIKHOSéxxa5i K. killer whale (Orcinus orca) CIiHSiSi K . = K. bpâ?KHI3KOBa yccypfIHCxax K. = KOCâTKa-IITIeTb raëpxaH K. false killer ",hale (Pseudorca crassidens) KocâTKa-Kpbluxa "dwarf catfish" (Mystus mica)-see MHCT KocâTKa-HJIeTb "Ussuri catfish" (Liocassis ussuriensis) KOCâTKa-CKpIdII~H "banded catfish" (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) KoC1TKOSble Bagridae-a family of freshwater catfishe s

110 Kocop6T

Kocop6T 1. sole, (pl.) ; 2. , (pl.) Cynoglossidae (see also COJIéSI, mopeK6ii H3bIK) BOCT6t1HbIel K. (W Pac.) 1. oriental sole (Synaptura orientalis); 2. "oriental tonguefish" (Symphurus orientalis) TIOTIOCàTbIll K. striped sole, zebra sole (Zebrias zebra) cpeim3erniom6pcmg K. French sole, lascar (Solea lascaris) IlepliomôpcKmil K. Black Sea sole (Solea lasearis nasuta,) xoc-rapmc, KOCTel-IFIK (Dnepr) = tiepHow5pcxo - a36HcxHil ocëTp Kocrepà, Kocrépb a small specimen of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) KOCTI4à314C, KOCTI4(53 costiasis—a fish disease caused by the flagellate Costia necatrix 'comicTag (pÉi6a) bony fish, ; (pl.) Teleostei KocrimnyApribie (pgi6m) Ostariophysi KOCTHOLUënle Cottoidei (a Suborder of fishes) K6c-rribre pgi6bi 1. teleostomous fishes, Teleostomi; 2. bony fishes, KÔCTOIIKa (small) bone, ossicle raa.311ân K. orbital ossicle cayxcmàsi K. ear bone, Kocrpy6à11 (Carpathian region) = ëpm—ruffe KOCTb bone (individual bones are listed under their adjectival name) mpsitmag le. cartilage bone noKpônnan K. d.ermal bone

KOCTIOtleK, KOCT53K = tiepHomôpcxo - a36BcKHil och•p KocsiK school, shoal, concentration (of fish), run (of salmon, when associated with a particular river) npombiczeilmi-1 K. 1. commercial concentration (of fish); 2. fishable stock KOCHLIÔK (Don) = menég—white-eyed bream KOT cat, tomcat Kambnuôsbril K. (E Asia) "marsh cat" (Feus chaus) mopcx6ii K. 1. (Bur.) stingray (Dasyatis pastifflea = Trygon pastinaca); 2. (pl.) stingrays, Dasyatidae; 3. (Bur.) lesser-spotted dogfish, rough- hound (Scyliorhinus caniculus); 4. (Eur.) humantin (Oxynolus con- trina)—a shark; 5. (Pac.) fur seal (Callorhinus) KoTà, KoTéu weir, fence (for catching fish) KOT&I kettle K. cTamigix HéBo,iLoB group of trap nets, set close together Ki5TFIK or mopcK611 K(5THK 1. = céBepHblik K.; 2. (pl.) fur seals (genus Callorkinus) itâncima K. Cape seal (C. pusinus) césepribik K. northern fur seal (C. ursinus) oexmoamepHxàficKHil mopcK6t1 K. = IbmHbIi mopcK61,1 K. mopcK6fi K. southern fur seal (C. austra/is) Kcrracn31511 (of a weir or pound net) fitted with a pot (or heart)

111 KOT1'yHK37yOBLIe

KOTTyHKS7J1OBIDIe Cottunculidae (a family of fishes, often included in Cot- tidae) KOTTyliKyTI, KOTTS7HKyJHOC little sculpin (Cottuncu/us) K. Ca,a,ko "Sadko's sculpin" (C. sadko) K. Tenvicoxa "Thomson's sculpin" (C. thomsoni) maaorablA K. "small-eyed sculpin" (C. microps) umnoBâTbrii K. (S Afr.) "little spiny sculpin" (Coltunculus spinosus = Cottuneuloides spinosus) KOTX Otolithoides brunneus—an Indian sciaenid fish K6yin 1. eye, eye-ring; 2 thimble

Koxxii66a, Komi-1613a (Peru) cojinoba, black ruff (Seriolella violacea, S. porosa) KOHlâtibH catfishes Koulé,Tib 1. purse; 2. purse seine Rouleame6Biel a013 purse-seining, purse- K. a. no ,aByx66THoll cHcréme two-boat purse-seining K. di. HO OAHOMTHOik (or céexepnoil) cmcréme one-boat purse-seining Kôuwa 1. cat, pussy; 2. = IdunKa-com pgi6b51 K. (S Asia) fishing cat (Felts viverrimus)

Ounca - com (N Am.) catfish; (pl.) Ietaluridae Ko34uiLuiéHT, Koscixtimmérrr 1. (relative) rate; 2. coefficient, (instantan- eous) rate; (see also Élna,exc, 1,1HTeHCABHOCTb, CK6pOCTb, HOKa3à.TeJlb)

rené:ro - coma-reuiecnnI K. liver-body coefficient (the ratio of the weight of the liver to the weight of the body, as percentage) xopmoség K. food coefficient, feeding ratio (weight of food consumed divided by increase in weight of an animal, during a given time interval) K. a6c6p6nHH absorption coefficient, solubility (of a gas)

K. BÉIJI0Ba = HIITÉHCHBHOCTb EAaona— rate of exploitation (see BÉ.I31013) K. ÉCTÉCTBeHHOel CMÉpTHOCTH instantaneous natural mortality rate, nat- ural mortality coefficient (M) K. inpé3almocrli (63epa) index of shore development (of a lake): the ratio of the length of the shore line (including that of islands) to the perimeter of a circle having the same area as the water surface of the lake K. HaTIOJIHÉHHH = 111-12ÉKC HallOJIHÉHHil K. o6méxa metabolic rate K. 66uteii CMÉpTHOCTH instantaneous total mortality rate, total mortality coefficient (Z) K. npombicaônoro Bo3BpâTa coefficient of commercial return (the num- ber of fish of a given year-class captured, divided by the number released or counted at some early age) K. npombrca6Boii cmévrHoc-ru instantaneous rate of fishing, fishing mor- tality coefficient (F). Equal to the number of fish caught during a period of time, divided by the average number present in the stock during that time. K. paCTBOpÉIMOCTH = K. a6c6p6w4m K. yAJIHHÉHHOCTH "elongation coefficient" (the ratio of length to breadth of a salmon redd—see 6Sirop) K. yah.imsaemocni see yJlà.13JIHBaeMOCTb

112 xoscpmeéfrr

K. yJI61314CTOCTI4 see yJII5BFICTOCTb K. YllùTaHHOCTEI see yllùTaHHOCTID MPHOBéHHI:114' K. instantaneous rate, logarithmic rate 11/B xo9(1»igHétrr P/B coefficient, ratio of annual production to mean biomass (Zenkevich) 110Câ,R0 11HbIti K. see nocâ,ao=mbill TpO4AlleCK1411 K. see Tpc4Axiecxuil y,Réabmoiel K. instantaneous rate, logarithmic rate (13/B xo9cinnuléx.r F/B coefficient, ratio of fish yield to mean biomass of benthos (Alm) Kpa6 crab (see also }ma6ox,a) amepHicàHcxHil petax511 i. (N Am.) crayfish, crawdad (Cambarus) Beépumel K. porcelain crab; (pl.) Porcellanidae so,aopocaempiii K. kelp crab (Pugettia quadriclens) B0,710CâTIDIII K. hairy crab, horse crab; (pl.) Atelecyclidae rory6óf K. (Atl.) blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) Aaamiesocr6=mbiti npombiceBbill le. king crab (any species of Parali- tkodes) ffilhabIll K. (Aust.) mud crab (Scylla serrata) xamliâTexmizi x. king crab, Kamchatka crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) KIITUICKMI K. = moxHaToexpul K. K. T137HreFiéca Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) marisiumil K. fiddler crab (Uca) moxua-ropSrxml mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) 0613IKH011éHHbIk ripi46péxifimil K. (NE Asia) common shore crab (Hemi- grapsus sanguineus) 013ààbHIDIel K. (Eur.) common edible crab (Cancer pagurus); (pl.) Cancridae orrpopàabnl "sharpnose crab" () necmânmil (Aust.) sand crab (P ortunus p elagicus) npH6pé)Krupril K. shore crab (Carcinus maenas, C. mediterraneus); (pl.) Grapsilae risrrHyroimbill B0,710CàTbel K. "five-cornered bearded crab" (Telmessus cheiragonus) petirkifi K. (freshwater) crayfish (Astacus, Cambarus, etc.) céBermbiii K. (W Atl.) Jonah crab (Cancer borealis) CemHei K. (N Pac.) "deep blue crab" (Paralithodes platypus) crbT,ELeBbifi K. "bashful crab"; (pl.) Dorippidae geThipëxSiroaxmil BoaocàTme x. kegani (Erimacrus isenbecki) H116FICKHel ray6oxou6,xinnI lc. Japanese spider crab (Geocarcinus kaemp- f eri) xpa6 - 130,a0mb6 "hydrophile crab" (Xantho hydrophilus) xpa6 - rop6unma pea crab, commensal crab; (pl.) Pinnotheridae xpa6 - naSrx spider crab (Hyas); (pl.) Majidae xnuicrmei x. spiny spider crab (Maja squinado) xpa6 - maupién swimming crab; (pl.) Portunidae xpa6 - npmulizérme "ghost crab" (Ocypode) xpa6 - c-rpm-3ql snow crab, queen crab (Chionoecetes) o6bneHouéimbin x. (circumboreal) snow crab, queen crab, Tanner crab 113 xpa6-crpurS7H

(C. opilio opilio). (The name Tanner crab properly belongs to C. tanneri, but it is widely used in Alaska for the commercial opilio.) npombrcaônmer K. "Japan Sea snow crab" (C. opilio elongatus) xpa6oé,a crabeater seal (Lobodon eareinophagus) xpa6o14,7 stone crab; (pl.) Lithodidae. (This word, coined by L. G. Vino- gradov, has not achieved popular acceptance, so the species below are more likely to be called xpa6.) ray6oxon6,anuil K. "deepwater stone crab" (Paralomis) Kâmernimil K. "soft-tailed crab" (Dermaturus) K. Tiepibrmia Derjugin's box crab (Echinocerus derjugini) 06131KHOBéHHIDI1 K. stone crab (Lithocles) xpa6oPm- xopo615twa box crab (Echinocerus) xpa6oH,a-no,gxâmenupix "hidden crab" (Hapalogaster) xpà.xen = rm-ânTexmft xaabrepœgiant squid xpanb cran—a volumetric unit used in the herring industry of eastern England, equal to 375 lb or 170 kg of herring xpârtnn crappie (Pomoxis) 6éabei K. white crappie (P. annularis) qëpribill K. black crappie (P. nigromaculatus) xpacàma 1. local name for roai,dix—minnow; 2. demoiselle crane (Anthro- poides virgo); 3. deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) xpàcxa 1. paint; 2. dye; 3. pigment; 4. colour neo6pacrkomasi K. anti-fouling paint (for ships' hulls) xpà.cica - 6aabix (Kolyma R.) = rop69nna—pink salmon (see also 6aagnc). xpâcHag sockeye (salmon), red salmon (Oneorhynehus nerka)—(see also népxa, a3a6à.q, apang, ()sell) Becémnisi K. spring-run sockeye (one of two common types in Kamchatka) )1(14.11àg K. kokanee, land-locked sockeye .71éTHRYI K. summer sockeye (one of two common types in Kamchatka)

océmigH K. = a3a6àq— asabach (a form of sockeye)

TaSigexafl x. = (513eq — a form of sockeye KpâcHan pù6a 1. (Baikal region) "Frolikh char" (Salvelinus alpinus erythrinus); 2. (Kama R) taimen (Hucho taimen); 3. (pl.) (Caspian region) sturgeons and salmonids—"noble fishes", as contrasted with tiàcTm. Kosbre pgi6bi xpacmhia (Kolyma R.) = rop6Srata —pink salmon xpacno6Ln 1. red-crested pochard (Netta rufi,na); 2. pochard (N. ferina) xpacnorema 1. (W Afr.) "redeye" (Erythroeles monodi); 2. (S Afr.) red sea-haarder, (Aust.) redbait (Emmelichthys nitidus); 3. (Lena R.) c116ùpcma5i IITIOT13à—Siberian roach; 4. locally = xpacnonêpma—rudd aTaan-remecxag K. bonnetmouth (Emmelich,thyops atlantieus) mirercxasi it. "Indian redeye" (Dipterygonotus leueogrammus) pôsoBag K. "rosy redeye" (Plagiogeneion rubriginosus) foxfilag K. = KpacHorabKa(2) xpacnorablcoabie bonnetmouths, recleyes, Emmelichthyidae

114 Kpacno366gx

Kpacno315614K 1. curlew sandpiper (Calidris testacea); 2. local name for 1-0,71b51H—minnow Kpacgoxpi;ia = clmamfmro—flamingo Kpacno,n6she sturgeon fishery Kpacirog6)KKa = Tpâmime—redshank Kpacgog6c red-crested pochard (Netta rufina) Kpacnonép 1. = KpacgonépKa—rudd; 2. = ysKoroz6Bmg K.; 3. = mogr6zhcniti K.; 4. hybrid between 5:13b and )Képex KOJIYOLIFIll K. = MOHD6JIIDCKI4r1 K. mogr6,Tibcxer K. "Mongolian redfin" (Erythroculter niongolicus) naocKorm6abig K. = naocKoroaôsmil ›Képex—"flathead asp" y3Koroa6Bbill K. = naocKoroesbei )Képex—"flathead asp" KpacnonépKa 1. rudd, "redfin" (Scardinius erythrophthalmus); 2. (Far East) BOCT(54HaY1 K. noc-r6Imayi K. "Pacific redfin" (Leueiscus brandli)—a marine cyprinid ,aaabgesocT6tmayi K. -= socrôngasi K. KpacnoSrcrgic = ayrosàfl TgpxSnuKa—pratineole KpacHSixa German measles, rubella K. amYpon a disease or diseases of the grass and black carps, characterized by haemorrhagia or ulcers K. Kapn6B infectious dropsy, red-spot disease (of carp) K. yrpég eel dropsy repacôTKa damselfly of the genus Calopteryx xpacYan Tatimerm—taimen Kpaqéx genitive plural of Rem Kenta tern, sea swallow (see also marynkuKa, gerpà.Ba) aaeSrrcuan K. = 6eao,n66an K. 6édiasi K. white tern, love tern (Gygis alba) 6eaoxpÉlaasi K. white-winged black tern (Chliclonias leucoptera) 6e.now56asi K. Aleutian tern (Sterna aleutiea) 6e,immléKasi K. whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybrida) 6o,nerrgasi K. a tern of the genus Chlidonias (black terns) rilYnan K. noddy tern (Anous stolidus) ,E(JIHHHOXBÔCTa51 K. = nomipHasi K. KamiATcKayi K. = 6e,no,n66an K. màaafl K. (Eur.) little tern, (Am.) least tern (Sterna albifrons) meKpàFicKas mknayi K. black-shafted little tern (Sterna saundersi) 06bIKHOBél-KlaSI K. *.= petifià.51 K. nécrpow5can K. Sandwich tern, Cabot's tern (Sterna sanclvicensis) nozsipnayi K. arctic tern (Sterna paraclisea,) petuiân K. common tern (Sterna hirundo) csemnoxpanasi K. = 6eJ10Kpl:;IJIaR K. X0XJ1frra51 K. = nécrpogôcas1 K. magKogôcas K. gull-billed tern (Geochelidon nilotica) tiëpHafl K. black tern (Chlidonias niger) liepnownibBasi K. = pegiàsi K. tiepgogôcasi K. = tiailitogôcasi K.

115 xpeBéTKa

KpeBéTKa, KpérieT (adj. Kpe.BeT6Imbei) shrimp (Pandalus, Penaeus, Cran- gon and allied genera)—see also ulpHmc, taunzuu 6aliàFIOBaS1 K. (Indian 0.) banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) 6éaafl K. (W Atl.) "white shrimp" (Penaeus setiferus) 6pa3Énbeicasi K. Brazilian shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis) BeTBMCTOFF5ra1 K. "branched-foot shrimp (Hymenodora); (pl.) Holophoridae ray6OKOBÔAHa51 K. deepwater shrimp, pink shrimp, deepwater prawn (Pandalus borealis) ,r3'76J114HCKa5l K. -= HopséAcKmil omàp—Norway lobster, Dublin prawn nicrenàaasi K. "brush-footed shrimp (Paratya borealis); (pl.) Atyidae —a freshwater family KieràecKayi ripecHos61J.Hafl K. "Chinese freshwater shrimp" (Palaemonetes sinensis) Kopiltmesayi K. (W Alt.) brown shrimp (Pen,aeus azteeus) Kpàcriaa ray6oKosôesHafl K. royal red shrimp (Hymenopenaeus robustus) K. cas-rrapo "San Paulo shrimp" (Penaeus paulensis) o6BIKHosémiast K. small of the genera Spirontoearis, Lebbeus, Eualus, etc.; (pl.) Hippolytidae naaxxrenmag K. pelagic shrimp; (pl.) Sergestidae npecHoduHasi K. freshwater shrimp, prawn (Palaemon, Palaemonetes, Leander); (pl.) Palaemonidae pôsosan K. (Atl.) pink shrimp (Penaeus duoarum) cae-rsimanch ghost shrimp, luminous shrimp (Sergestes, etc.) césepHasi K. ray6oKom5,21,Han K. cépayi K. 1. (Carib.) blue shrimp (Penaeus schmitti); 2. (Eur.) common shrimp, brown shrimp, prawn (Crangon vulgaris) TArposasi K. (E Atl.) "tiger shrimp", caramote (Penaeus kerathurus) Tpassuiàg K. (NE Pac.) grass shrimp (Hippolyte) xpeséTKa-umcrelabau4K cleaning shrimp (shrimps that "clean" the skin of moray eels or other tropical fishes) xpecromqox a medusa (Gonionemus) xpecrôma a toad of the genus Pelodytes xanid.3cxa5i K. "Caucasian krestovka" (P. caucasicus) xpétiex corn-crake (Crex erex) KpegéTKa sociable plover (Chettusia gregaria) Kpl4Bà51 (alilillY1) curve, curved line K. Bocnpom3B6AcrBa reproduction curve (mature progeny plotted against parents) HaceaémIsi population curve (abundance in the population plotted against age) K. pacripe,ReaéFmn frequency distribution K. yesa catch curve (abundance in the catch plotted against age) rioKaATeabrias-{ K. exponential curve Kp14136K, M0pCK6 '1%1 Kp1,113(5K -=" KyafiK-copiiKa—oyster- catcher Kpmsori6c. = KpHaoH6ebnl syëK—curved-billed plover KpHBoperr wrymouth; (pl.) Cryptacanthodidae aaeSucKmil K. dwarf wrymouth (Lyconectes aleutensis) rEirâtrrcia4ii K. giant wrymouth (Delolepis gigantea)

116 KpHBOpôT

K. Bepra "Berg's wrymouth" (Cryptacanthoides bergi) nxTHxCTbIfI X. wrymouth, spotted wrymouth (Cryptacantlzoides maculatus)

KpIxBOxB6CTKa razorfish, knife-fish (see also HWK-pIAa); (pl.) = ICpHBOXBÔCTble MâjIax K. = Mâalax Hoxc-pb16a-little knife-fish 06bIKHOBéHHaR K. common razorfish (Aeoliscus strigatus) KpxsoxBÔCTble razorfishes, Centriscidae IcpHJtb krill (euphausids and similar pelagic crustaceans) KpHOrmaHKTÔH cryoplankton (aquatic organisms living on the surface of snowfields or glaciers) KpxnT06K63 cryptobiosis-a gill disease of cyprinid fishes, caused by the flagellate Cryptobia branchialis KpxnTOncap warted seadevil (Cryptopsarus couesi) KpxCTajtJloro6Hyc crystal goby (Crystallogobius linearis) KpHCTxsbMep (N Am.) lake trout (Cristivomer namayczcsh) KpOBfIHKa "blood clam" (Sanyuinolaria) KpôKep 1. (Atl.) Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus); 2. (S Atl.) "eroaker" (Macrodon opercularis) KpoxoAlîJl crocodile aq)pI3K1HCKIiIi y3KOpIiIJIbIIi K. narrow-nosed crocodile (Crocodylus cataplLract2cs ) 6oTIÔTHbIii K. (W India) "swanip crocodile" (Crocodylus palustris) raBKâ,nosblH K. (Malaya) gavial crocodile (Tomisloma sclalegeli) rpC6HHCTbIi3 K. Indian crocodile, mugger (Crocodylus porosus) Ky6KHCICHH K. Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rIiombifer) HH,IIbCKKr%I K. Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) OCTpOp1;IJIbII3 K. American crocodile (Crocodyl2cs acutus) TyllOpblJlbIii K. (Afr.) blunt-nosed crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis) KpÔMKa selvedge, selvage

KpÔHIIIHeII curlew (Nn9neni26s) aMepIiK1HCKIi%I Cpé2ZHi3Ii K. Hudsonian curlew (N. )b26dsonic26s) 6oaIblu6%i K. (old-world) curlew (N. arquata) ,i[aJlbHesOCTÔLIHbIIi K. Australian curlew (1V. madagascarensis - N. cyanopus) Mâ,7lbli%I K. slender-billed curlew (N. tenuirostris) IIëCTpOCIIAHHbIIi K. = Cpé,ILHYIii K. Cpé2tHHK K. whimbrel (N. phaeopics) TOHKOKJIIüBbIIi K. = MAJIbIIi K. OCKIiMÔCCKIiIi K. = KpÔHAIHeII-MâJIfÔTKa KpôHIIIHerI-MambTKa Eskimo curlew (N2cqaaeni-tcs borealis borealis) CH6HpcKHH K. "Siberian curlew" (N. b. minutus) Kpôyxep = KpôKep

KpôxajIb, Kpoxâalb 1. = CpéAHHK K.; 2. any merganser (Mergus sp.) 6oJibIIIÔH K. goosander, American merganser ([l'l. merganser) ,i1JIIdHHOHÔCbIIi K. = Cpé,i1,HI3T3 K.

117 Kpôxazb

màabei K. 1. = ayT6K--smew; 2. = epégEnfil K. CpéI_LEIHrl K. merganser, red-breasted merganser (M. serrator) X0XJ1àTbITI K. hooded merganser (M. cucullatus) geuiSnlqaTIATI K. Gould's merganser (M. squamatus) Kp6numa (river) trout (Salmo trutta fario) Kpyrao6pibunca = ce,ubb-Kpyrao6pibtuKa—round herring KpyrawKà6eplimil (momi■DcK) limpet, cyclobranchiate mollusc; (pl.) Patellaceae Kpyraonëp lumpfish, lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) (see also Kapenp6mT, zunàpnc., nmnadip) 130.710CàTbIll K. "hairy lumpsucker" (Cyclopris tenlacularis) r0J1013à.CTIIKOBii,II,HbIll K. "tadpole lumpsucker" (Cyclopteroides gyrinops) K0JI1b4M11 K. 1. Atlantic spiny lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus spinosus); 2. Soldatov's lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus soldatovi) K. B437.7ni "Birula's lumpsucker" (Eumicrotremus birulai) K. Bpà.)KfmKoria "Brazhnikov's lumpsucker" (Cyclopterocottus brashnileovi) K. JIÉnu6epra "Lindberg's lumpsucker" (Cyclopteropsis lindbergi) K. ûrémepa "Steller's lumpsucker" (Liparops stelleri) HeBOOppKëHHbIri K. "unarmed lumpsucker" (Lethotremus muticus) MITHACTbIrl K. spotted lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus pacificus) TPIXOOKeàHCK1411 K. = IIRTHACTbIel K. maposii,mbill K. Pacifie spiny lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus orbis) LE11411013à.TbIel K. -= KOJIY0 111411 K. Y1116fICKHR K. awae, "Japanese lumpsucker" (Cyclopsis awae) mpyrvionëpme lumpsuckers, Cyclopteridae Kpymopegroe cyclostome (see mnn6ra, mHxdula); (pl.) Cyclostomata (a Class of vertebrates) KpSfrabill tiepsh 1. roundworm; (pl.) Nemathelminthes (a group of Phyla of roun.dworms); 2. n.ematode; (pl.) Nematoda (a Phylum of worms) Kpyrasix 1. southern harvest fish (Peprilus alepidolus); 2. = KacnAlIcKmei 6bu46K-Kpyrasix KpyraeniKa opah (Lam pris regius) KpyrosopôT 1 , whirlpool, vortex; 2. gyral (of oceanic or atmospheric cir- culation); 3. cycle (of an element in an ecosystem) addiCKFMCKIEI K. Alaska gyral K. eccpopa phosphorus cycle KpynnoyNacTbril large-meshed (net) KpyrasHà steepness, slope (of a line) KpbnK lashing, seizing (of a rope) Kpù)KeHb = xpshaaa—mallard xpbmà.TRa. 1. ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata); 2. (Ob region) = xàpwic- grayling; 3. (W Pac.) (Pterotis lunulata); 4. key-fruit, samara Kpàcnasi K. zebrafish, scorpionfish (Pt crois volitans) 110J10CâTail K. = xpâcHasi K.

118 KpbIJIOBIijjHOyIIIHâSI

KpbIJI0BI3JjH0yLIIHA5I (KOCTb) pterotic (bone) Kpbmoxcâ6epxble Pterobranchia (an Order of Ilemichordata) xpbIJIOH6rI3IR (MOJIJIiÔCK) sea butterfly, pteropod; (pl.) rôAblH K. "naked pteropod"; (pl.) Gymnosomata paKOBIIHHbIIi K. "shelled pteropod"; (pl.) Thecosomata. KpbIJIbH wing (of a net)

KpblCa rat 606p6Basl K. 1. (S Am.) coypu (Myocastor coypics); 2. (Aust.) beaver rat (Hydromys chrysogaster) 60J16THax K. 1. (S Am.) "marsh rat" (Neotomys ebrioszcs); 2. (Afr.) swamp rat (111alaconzys); 3. (Afr.) marsh rat (0tomys) BO,rislHâx K. (Eurasia) water rat (Arvicola terrestris) MÿClcycxaa K. mu.skrat (Ondatra zibethica) IfepenoH,4aTortânaH K. (S Am.) "web-footed rat" (Ilolochilzcs) n,aâBalotuasl K. (S Am.) water rat, rato de aqua (Nectomys) pyLibeBâsl X. (Afr.) brook rat (Pelomys) pb16Hax K. (S Am.) "fishing rat" (Iclzthyomys) 14ëpxax K. black rat (Rattus z•attzcs) xpbicKa rat-tailed maggot ( of Syrphus) KpbIlHeIqHax (KOCTb) opercular bone, operculum, opercle KpI;IIIIKa, KpIiIIIIeLIKa cover, lid xcâ6epxax K. gill cover, opercle, operculum KpIOK boat hook KpIo,IKopôr hookear sculpin (Artecliell2cs)-see also apTeAKextyc aT.naHTftIIeCKHH K. Atlantic hookear sculpin (Artediellzcs atlanticus) rJly6oxoB6,I[HbI1i K. "abyssal sculpin" (Zesticelus prof2inclorzcnz) HOJISipHbIIi K. Arctic hookear seulpin (Artediellus uncinatus) IISepOXOBâTbIÎ4 K. hameçon (Artediellus scaber) KpI01I6K hook Ha?Ki3BJI2HHbIIi K. baited hook pb160JIÔBHbIIi K. fish hook CaMOTIÔBHbIIi K. barbless hook, used on trot-lines set to entangle sturgeons KpsIKBa (also KpxKÿulxa) mallard (Anas platyrhyncha) ?KeJITOHÔCaH K. yellow-nib duck (A. poecilorhyncha) 14ëpxa5i x. "black mallard" (A. poecilorTzyncha zonorhyncha) KpHXT^H = BâJlb,i;IIIHeH-woodcock

KpSi,IKa = KpAtiKa-terri

KCaHT63HC IIJIOTBbI xanthosis of roach (a bacterial disease of Rutilus) KCeHOCpTaJIbMIdXT 1Z'enoplttlzalinichtTzys danae, a rare oceanic fish ICrexocpdpa comb-jelly; (pl.) Ctenophora. Ky6â,n,z•ta = KyBâmaa xy6orxaB cigarfish (Cubiceps) 6onb1uerafâ3bIH Ic. (Atl.) bigeye cigarfish (C. athenae) ZjJII3HHOlIëpbII3 K. (Pac.) longfin cigarfish (C. gracilis)

119 KST6OK

K3i6ox goblet, beaker K. HéllTyHa Neptune's cup (Poterion neptuni)—a sponge Ky6ome,S73bi Cubomedusae—an Order of coelenterates Ky6ox36c-r squaretail; (pl.) Tetragonuridae mazorabbffi K. smalleye squaretail Ky6ox36croBbre squaretails, Tetragonuridae ity61;iunco, 1. small box; 2. egg pod; 3. yellow water lily (Nupha,r) Aë.7.1Tafl K. (Eur.) yellow water lily (N. luteum) mà.11ag R. (N Am.) little spatterdock (N. microphyllum) mopcxàg K. sea cucumber, trepang; (pl.) Holothurioidea (a Class of echinoderms—see roacrrSTpusi) npùumasi K. (N Am.) spatterdock (N. advena) Ky3àaim "cuvalla" (Hemiconiatus guttifer)—a trunkfish Ky3é,gpeximK = mopoema—Terek sandpiper Kymuemica white water lily, pond lily (Nymphaea) 6é.nag K. 1. (Eur.) water-lily (N. alba); 2. (N Am.) white water lily odorata) 6e.nocHémulasi K. (Eur.) snow-white water lily (N. candida) MàJlag K. 1. (Eur.) pygmy water lily (N. pygmaea); 2. (N Am.) small white water lily (N. tetragona) 1-114CTO6é.TlaY1 K. = 6e310CHé1KHa51 K. K35,g3I4Dile 0,II,H0J1141-1éRHLIII Tépnyr—one-striped greenling Kypenêp curlfin (Cirrhites pinnulatus); (pl.) Cirrhitidae 30JIOTACTEA K. golden eurlfin (Cirrh,itichthys aureus) K. €13opc-repa "Forster's curlfin" (Paracirrhites forsteri) xy,rweriëpconle hawkfishes, curlfins, Cirrhitidae ley3Héti 1. blacksmith; 2. John Dory (Zeus f aber)—a fish Ky3o361c (gen. xy3o3Ké.) trunkfish, boxfish; (pl.) Ostraciidae 6e3p61-141I K. "spineless boxfish" (Ostracion lentiginosum) 6yroptiaTmil K. = 06bIKHOEléHHbIrl K. rop6àTmft K. humped trunkfish (Ostracion gibbosus = Tetrosomus gib- bosus) 06bIKHOBéHHbIà K. box puffer, boxfish (Ostracion tuberculatus) porâTbrii K. cowfish (Lactoria cornulus) genzeëxporml K. fourspine boxfish (Acanthostracion guadricornis) Ky3o30K6Bbie boxfishes, trunkfishes, Ostraciidae KyKOBAK = raràpa—lo on KyKoaKa 1. puppet; 2. pupa (of an insect) KynifeBbie mountain basses, Kuhliidae Kyaùx shore-bird, wader; (pl.) (see also yddyr) KbK17A K. CBOé 60.716TO XMJIHT east-west, home is best TICCH6171 K. = BàJIWIWIHell—woodcock crermedl K. = KapaBeiKa.—curlew Kyaint-Bopo6K little stint (Calidris minuta) KyaùK-,zzYThial pectoral sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) 120 KyJIIiK-KpaCH 0 H 61KKa

KyJII3K-KpaCH 0 H 6 %Ka redsha.nk (Tringa totanus) xy,nHK-alônaTeHb shovel-billed sandpiper (Eury no rJipnclzzcs pygnzaeus) xyjIHK-nepes63tIHK common sandpiper (Tringa hypoleucus) KyJIfiK-neC61qHIdK = neCÔLiHHK~ .Sandpiper KynAK-imasÿHtlHK = IlnasÿHtlxK-phalarope Ky.nI3K-copôKa oyster-catcher (Haematop2cs ostralegus) 1IëpHblf4 K. black oyster-catcher (H. baclinaani) Ky.aHx-~IepHhIlu = uepHhlHl-green sandpiper KyJIIiLIëK- or xydIH1I 6 K- (see KyJI1iK ) xÿjIxsl flagtail (Knhlia) no.7locaT0xa6cTa5I K. barred flagtail (K . taeniura) (~JlarOxBÔCTaH K . = noJlocaTOxsÔCTaSi K . KyJITÿK a shallow bay, or the npper part of a bay (used mainly on the Caspian Sea) xymlâuea Cumacea (an Order of crustaceans) xÿn42Ka sea trout (Salsn.o t7•utta trutta) apâ,abcxasl K. Aral trout (S. t . aralensis ) KacnHHCKasI K . Caspian trout, Caspian salmon (S . t. caspius) lIepnoNlôpcxax K . Black Sea salmon/trout (S . t. lab rax) Kyn-IOSble (pâxx) cuinaceans, Cumacea (a group of crustaceans) KyMÔxK genitive plural of xÿNt = KÿHR~xa 1 . "kundzha", "Sakhalin char" (Salvelinus lenconaaenis) .; 2. arctic char (S. alpinus) ; 3. = Kÿn-uKa K~HbH aKÿjta smooth dogfish, smoothlhound (Mustelzcs mustelus) 1-151THf3CTa5i K . "spotted smoothhound" (Triakis habereri) cépax x . Japanese gray smootbhound (Mustelus griseus ) HnôHCKasI K. gummy shark, Japanese smooth dogfish (Mustelus m anazo) KynaJlbHHua globeflower (Trollius ) xynbK belly, side (of dried or smoked fish) KÿnOJI dom e

KypaXTâH, KypyXT1H = TypyXT1H-ruÎf KypHivlâTa (SW Atl .) Curimatus gilberti Icypl3HCxHK adjective from Kypâ, the Kura River Kÿpxua he n CynTâHCxasl K. = cyarrâaxa-purple gallinule KypjislH,t(xa Courland fyke net KypôK (gen. xypKâ) 1. rifle; 2. filefish (Balistes ) KÿpoTIxa rail, gallinule, waterhen (see also Kan-IbIIUHHua, norôHbltu) ÔoJIÔTHaSI K. = xaM9IIIIiiHlja-moorhen soj[HHâSI K. = KaMI~IIIIHIdIja-moorhen rôpxasl K . rock partridge (Alectoris graeca) MâjIasl K. little crake (Porzana parva )

121 KÿpotlKa

MopcKâst K. plated sea-cucumber (Psolus) cyarrâHCxasl K. = cynTâHKa-purple gallinule IoxtxoaBCTpaJIAHCxax BORSIHâsI K. "Australian water hen" (Tribonyx mor- tieri) KÿpoLiKa-ICpôluxa Baillon's crake (Porzana pusilla) KypTÿc kurtus; (pl.) Kurtidae ry,nJIHBepoB K. "Gulliver's kurtus" (Kurtus yulliveri) xH,ai3%ICKH%t K. Indian kurtus (Kurtus inclicus) KypTÿcoabie Kurtidae Kÿpylcpa = KoHiflra-auklet Kÿpbx oxbow (lake) KycâqKa = IuKHÔBKa-spiny loach KYCT bush IIIBapTÔBbIÎI K. mooring post, dolphin KyTeMâ = xâpxyc-grayling KyTét( pot (of a fyke net) KyTKyTHSI (S Asia) cutcutia (Tetraodon cutcutia)-a freshwater puffer KÿTÔK (gen. KÿTKâ) 1. cod-end (of a trawl); 2. = MOTHx KyTÔpa water shrew (Neomys) BORsIHâsl K. common water shrew (N. fodiens) Mâjiasl K. Mediterranean water shrew (N. anomalus) KyTÿM "kutum" (Rutilus frisii Icutum) KyxTbI,nb large net float (8 cm diameter or more), of glass, metal or plastic, rxRpORxxaMAqecxHH K. planing float (with a wing to help hold the net up when it is in motion) KyuâK (Kereh region) = KéptIexcxax ce.nbAb-Black Sea shad KyLIHa cuchia (eel) (Amphipnous) 3y6âTasl K. big-toothed cuchia (A. indicus) MaJla6âpcxaR x. Malabar cuchia (A. fossorius) o6bIKHOBéHHaH K. common cuchia (A. cuchia) KyLlKesble cuchias, Amphipnoidae Kyula = 06bIKHOBéxxaH aKÿ,na-MÔJIOT-smooth hammerhead KbIMbI3 = MIdKA?Ka-Kamehatka trout

K9M-KbIKâM (Anadyr) = HéJIbMa-ineonnu Kslpqa (White Sea) = ZaeTblpëxporKH KepLIâK-fourhorn sculpin

122 il aa6eo Labeo—a genus of tropical cyprinids aa6npihrr 1. a complex breathing organ in certain fishes; 2. a combination of trapnets set in a square pattern aa6npàFiToBbie labryinth fishes, Anabantidae (climbing perches, gouramis, etc.) dia6 OTëC (Am.) tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) .11aspârc, aaripâlem, .71aBpéK (Eur.) common bass (Morone labrax) éJILIrl Ji. (Am ) white perch (Roccus americanus) necqàFibnI a. (Am.) sand bass (Paralabrax nebutifer) IIOJIOCàTbII71 a. 1. (N Am.) striped bass (Roccus saxatilis); 2. (S Am.) sea bass (Paralabrax spp.) aare = Hâlmas y MOTHIi aaroex (Am.) pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) enaxé,apa yellowtail, amberjack, rudderfish (Seriola) (see also cepu6,7m) >1(ëJITOX136CTaYI dl. 1. yellowtail (S. dorsalis); 2. "Japanese yellowtail" (S. quingueradiata) 3oz0Tfirrasi JI. "golden yellowtail" (S. aureovittatus) KwràficKayi ,71. greater amberjack (S. dumerili) nyputYponaH a. rudderfish (S. purpurescens) gepFmnoaôcasi a. black-banded kingfish (S. pigrofasciata) m>KHoamepmKàFicitafl a. Almaco jack (S. rivoliana) Jiaicràp, Affleràpnri milkfish (Lactarius lactarius) Jiairràpompre milkfishes, Lactariidae au/al-mix manatee (Trichechus) ama3ôHcialil a. Amazon manatee (T. inunguis) am epHidnicKnil a. American man atee (T. manatus) actpnicàFicKHil dl. African manatee (T. senegalensis)

6ecKortgruirodi a. = ama315Ficiellel i. Jlambun, Ila-lViâillu aàmna lamp timécnag a. "wonderful lamp"—a deepwater squid (Lycoteuthis diadema = Thaumatolampas diadema) zamnanwr pinpoint lampfish (Lampanictus regalis) CBéTabIii a. northern lampfish (Stenobrachius leucosparus) .namnàpa lampara net (a kind of pela,gic seine) ,namripii,gonbre opahs, Lampridae aaHrYcT 1. spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas = P. vztlgarts); 2. (pl.) Pali- nuridae Kânendl a. (S Afr.) rock lobster, crawfish (Jasus lalandii) o6bnalouémihrti ji. 1. (Cuba) common spiny lobster (Pantairus argus); 2. (Eur.) spiny lobster (Palinurus vulgaris) 123 .11a1-11.1éTHHK aarménisx amphioxus, lancet (Branchiostoma); (pl.) Amphioxi (a Sub- phylum of chordates) esporramer a. European lancet (B. lanceolatum) sn6scitmii Jr. Japanese lancet (B. belcheri) aanssa (Black Sea) = 3ezesSauxa(1)—sea parrot .71ânita shackle (iron loop for attaching a cable) JrânilaTka cinquefoil (Potentilla) 60,71ô'rsas Jr. marsh cinquefoil (P. palustris) aantraTosor sun bird, (pl.) Heliornithidae actipsKàsmel a. African sunbird (Podica senegalensis) zarunâ-pÉr6a shira-uwo, icefish (Salangichthys microdon) aâpra (Pac.) harbour seal (Phoca vitulina largha) Jràprer (Black Sea) an immature mullet (Mugil auralvs or M. saliens) aàcma-prr6a brotula, weaselfish; (pl.) Brotulidae 60poltâTas dl. weaselfish (Brotula multibarbata) soopy)Kesuas Ji. armoured weaselfish (Hoplobrotula armata) FraTàabcKas Ji. Natal kingklip (Hoplobrotula gnalhopus) AcKspb, drâmipKa 1. (Ukr.) = rynepà—white bream; 2. (Azov region) a small bream (aeru,); 3. = mopcx611 mapks(1)—annular bream Jraer 1. flipper (of seals); 2. paddle (of crayfish) Jac-rosesb ônpser Cynanchum acutum—a European -water plant meToriôrrei ; (pl.) Pinnipedia (seals, etc.) JracToxs6eT "flipper-tailed sea-snake" (Hydrophis and related genera) ,Irsyssé-rsuil dl. "bicolored sea-snake" (Pelamis platurus) aycemicitmil dl. "Luzon freshwater sea-snake" (Hydrophis semperi) no.nocàTbik Ji. "spotted sea-snake" (Hydrophis cyanocinclus) crerpàzsrisill dl. "spiral sea-snake" (Hydrophis spiralis) crp6i1Hbig a. "graceful sea-snake" (Microcephalophis gracilis)

ilk-rot-11m 1. swallow; 2. reef-fish (Chronzis chromis) 6eperonàff di. bank swallow (Riparia riparia) MOpcicàsi Ji. 1. = aàcTotixa(2); 2. = KpâtiKa—tern arà'rec giant perch, Nile perch (Laies calcarifer) aà'rmayc (Am ) ocean whitefish (Caulolatilus princeps) aCkpPliCàHCIOU dl. "African tilefish" (Latilus semifasciatus) draTllmépss lobe-fin (Latimeria chalumnae) ample (S Pac.) Latris forsteri; (pl.) Latridae aàxm Sakhalin name for ocass KéTa—autumn chum salmon .Tiarràx bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) .naunopT net port (a notch eut in the side of a vessel, with roller at the bottom) nry LGU---flexmirpà,TLcxxii rocy,epcznemimil YmniepcnTérr .ire6êgi(a. winch 124

aé6e,ab

Jié6e,itb swan (Cygnus) amepnrcâncKnil JI. -whistling swan (C. eolumbianus) xce /IT 0 H6cbr JI. aé6e,r(b-}camieS41 KpaCHOFIÔCIDIII JI. =- MâJIbIui JI. TS7112pOBbIll JI. nemôil 31. aé6e,ab-L1nnSin TSTH,RpOBbIel or TSTII/IpeHHbIrI Bewick's swan (C. bewieki) nepncnnéfnimil a. black-necked swan (C. me/anocorphus) qêpinei a. black swan, Australian swan (C. atrcitus) aé6e31b--Kanxn whooper swan (Cygnus eygnus)

aé6eab - innnSi1 mute swan (Cygnus olor) ae6macnnompre Lebiasinidae—a family of small characinoid fishes, often used in aquaria aleB (gen. abna) lion Ka31HC10pHIUICKH11 mopcie6fi a. California sea lion (Za/ophus califor- nianus) mopcKôil dl. sea lion (uspally California sea lion)—see also cmEsSig mopcm6ii Jr. southern sea lion (Otaria byronia) aéroimmil (moaaiocx), aërotnnix pond snail, pulmonate snail; (pl.) Pul- monata (a Subclass of gastropods) JIëU. ice. nàxonbill JI. pack ice TOOCHCTIDIg dl. hUMMOCky ice JIMIHKÔBIDIR glacier, glacial ae,Reima = gépnbni 6aRicàabcnel xâpnyc—black grayling aeeqxa 6oabniàff mopcxàg Jr. "giant tube clam" (Brechites giganteus) mopocân Jr. "tube clam"; (pl.) Clavagellidae .né,K6Hme 1. resting place (of fish); 2. hauling-out grounds (of seals, walrus, etc.)

abl(e6oka (Danube region) = en,w5mKa—mudminno VT aé)Kerib eneab—great snipe aélziaexa, JIérIJIHK 6eJIHI âncr—white stork aén 1. flax (Linum); 2. (Pechora region) = TailméFib—taimen emit-1 Jr. toadflax (Linaria) mopcK611 Jr. "narrow eel-grass" (Phyllospaclix Scouleri)

aenryà,ao xàm6aaa - aem-yàgo aeff6x (gen. aern.cà) 1. lenok, a Siberian salmonid fish (Brachymystax lenok); 2. = mopcm6P Jœl-1(51C; 3. = TelMéHb--taimen mopcx611 Jr. 1. Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius); 2. (pl.) greenlings of the genus Hexagrammos; 3. (pl.) Hexagramrnidae IITHñCThI Jr. whitespotted greenling (Hexagrammos stelleri) aewrén tapeworm; (pl.) Cestoda (a Phylum of flatworms) ninp6Knii Jr. broad tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum) aerrro6bitixonme "ribbon gobies", "eel gobies", Taenioididae

125 aerrrocnoprrini63 aenTocnoprirm63 lentosporiclosis, black-tail disease—a disease of young trout caused by the sporozoan My.rosoma (Lentospora) eerebralls, which attacks the cartilage aerrroxn6cT ribbontail (Eutaeniophorus festivus)—a deep-sea fish Trepub -= aerrréu—tapeworm JIeHb, ilyCOBCICIM JIeHb = Tailménh—taimen aeonàpz, leopard mopcxiM dl. leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) aenec-r6x petal Aà6epHbIn di. gill filament aenn,en scabbardfish, frostfish (see cMag-pgi6a) aenTar6H "slender poacher" (Leptagonus (leeagonus) JienT06(5ung "Manchurian spiny loach" (Leplobolia mantschurica) aerrronéa leptopel aerrronecima leptocephalus—the larval stage of eels and related fishes iumpoirâilumil a. broad leptocephalus, the larva of Saccopharynx aerrrocreprisi Leptestheria—a phyllopod crustacean sometimes abundant in USSR fish ponds aepne(53 lernaeosis—infestation by the copepod parasite Lernaea aeprœonep63 lernaeocerosis—infestation by the copepod parasite Lernaeoeera aecà, aécxa line (for fishing) aéTrimna "big Ohrid trout" (Salmo letnica) ae-rpùna, aeTpenryc (Eur., Asia) scavenger, (Aust.) emperor (Lethrinus) aTJIaHTÉPICCKI41"4 dl. Atlantic cornbtooth (L. atlanticus) dl. "big scavenger" (L. chrysoslomus) 6Srpm dl. "brown Queensland scavenger" (L. fletus) RJIHHHOpgIJIbIll dl. "longsnout scavenger" (L. miniatus) ,1(ë.TITOXB6CTbIII a. "yellowtail scavenger" (L. mahsena) 3Bé3,1111aTbIrl Ji. (S Afr.) "dusky scavenger" (L. nebulosus) KBFILICJICH,UICIleI dl. 6S7pbIR dl. KYITàfiCKHR dl. "Chinese scavenger" (L. eaeruleus) xpacuonépbei dl. "redfin scavenger" (L. rhodopterus) mà.uhril a. "little scavenger" (L. mahsenoides) ceguréabcxnel dl. "Seychelles scavenger" (L. sanguineus) cpriannrn;ificraril dl. "pigsnout scavenger" (L. choerorhynehus) 311161ICICHII dl. Japanese scavenger (L. haematopterus) aeTpfm-aàncep "lancer" (Lethrinus nematacanthus) aeTpffii-xapax "harak scavenger" (Lethrinus harak) ae-rpùnoribre scavengers, Lethrinidae dieTS7liafl pÉr6a 1. flyingfish; (pl.) Exocoetidae (see also Roaronep); 2. (Black Sea) = mopexeill neTS7x(2)—gurnard ,asyxpgiaas1 a. tropical two-wing flyingfish (Exocoetus volitans) ,LIJIHHHOpÙJIag màaan

126 JIeT^TiaSi pI;16a

MâJIasl n. sharpchin flyingfish (Pocliator acutus) céBepxasl ,a. "northern " (Cheilopogon Iteterurzts ci6derleini) tieTbIpëxxpbinasl ji. "four-winged flying fish" (Cheilopogon pinnati- barb at2ts ) slflôHCKax jI. 1. "Japanese flyingfish" (Cgpsel2trns agoo); 2. = céBepxax if. aleTÿLaKa 1. =,neTÿqasl p916a; 2. (Atl.) flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volti- tans); 3. (Pac.) Pacific flying gurnard (Daic.ocus petersoni); 4. (pl.) = JIeT^LIKOSble

JIeT^LIKOBble flying gurnards, Dactylopteridae jrecpép, aecpépb, nec^épa (Black Sea) = ,ny(^âpb(1)-bluefish jtéc^ya eight-whiskered stone loach (Lefua) aMÿpcKax ,>r. Amur eight-whiskered loach (L. costata) jIelq, ,aëm bream (Abramis branza) ascTpajIfIHcKKH MopcKÔK ji. (Aust.) tarwhine (Austrosparus tarwine) apâJIbCKxK A. "Aral bream" (Abramis brama bergi) aTjIaHTH,[ecKI3H (MopcKbH) ,a. Atlantic pomfret, Ray's bream (Brama brama = B. rayi) 6éjIbIH (aMÿpexxH) Ji. "white (Amur) bream" (Parabranzis pelcinensis) 6é,ablH MopcKÔïi ji. (S Afr.) white steenbras (LitJaognath.us litltognatltus) BOCTÔLIHbIIi A. "eastern bream" (Abrazaais brama orientalis) AJII3HHOIIëpbIÎ^i MOpCKÔIi A. 1. bigSCale polnfret (Taractes longipinnis); `Z. = MopcKÔl%I JIeLL[( l ) Ko,aIb,IKH MopcKÔlR Ji. "rough sea bream" (Taractes asper) KpâCHbIH MopcK61=I ji. 1. (Jap.) red sea bream (Chrysophrys major); 2. (S Afr.) red sturnpnose (Ch.rysoblepltzts gibbiceps) MopcKHe jiëIUH 1. poinfrets, Bramidae; 2. sea breams, Pagridae MOpcK6H JI. 1. pomfret, Ray's bream (Brazna); 2. (Afr.) sea bream (Pagellus, Pagrus); 3. (Aust.) bream (Mylio); 4. (S Afr.) dageraad (Chrysoblephus cristiceps), roman (C. laticeps), slinger (C. puniceus) IIJIOCKOroJIbBbIIi MopcK6K jI. "flathead pomfret" (Taractes plat,gcepTtalus) cepé6p3IxbIK (MOpcK6I3) ,n. "silvery sea bream" (Ptergcozzabtts brama) TxxooxeâHCKHH (MOpeKU) jr. Pacific pomfret (Brama japonica) lqëpxblH (aMÿpcKHr3) 1I. "black (Amur) bream" ( ternainalis) LIëpHbIIi MopcKÔH n. 1. (Afr.) black sea bream (Cantharus lineatus); 2. (Jap.) black sea bream (1lylio macrocephalus) dIxtery6âH "false wrasse" (Pseudolabrus) HII6HCKI3Ii al. "Japanese false wrasse" (P. japonicus) dI)KeAojIroxBÔCT = aTeaefill-false grenadier mKexplotIKOpor (W Pac.) "false hookear"-Pse2tdoblennins and allied genera of sculpnzs mKejIonaTOHÔc shovelnose sturgeon of the genus Pseztcloscapltirltgnclzus-see JIOIIBTOHÔc

JllKeocMâH "false osman" (Scltizopygopsis stoliczlcai) jIxcenecKâpb false gudgeon (Pseudogobio) aMÿpeK4I3 ji. "Amur false gudgeon" (P. rivularis) Ki3T1iiCKHF^I J. = aMÿpCKI3Ii JL JI1KeceJlbReBble Bathyclupeidae-a small family of deepwater fishes

127 zatecraupùga mecraspema (E Atl.) "false scad" (Pctracubiceps ledanoisi) a)Ke3'iropb false eel }combine JI. 1. spiny eel (Mastacembelus aculeatus); 2. (pl.) spiny eels, Mastacembelidae JamoHélca Livoneca, amurensis, a crustacean parasite of the Amur ide aHryaës ligulosis, infestation by the tapeworm Ligula or Digramma JIII3à11 = >Kerr° Kel>mil JI. weaToK6Amil JI. (Indian O.) leatherskin, "lysan mackerel" (Scombero- morus lysan) amt6R eelpout (Lycodes and related genera) aTaurrAgecicmil JI. (Eur.) "patterned eelpout" (Lycodes esmarki) ,a,aamenocT6Inimil dl. "West Pacific eelpout" (Lycodes tanakae) NIHHHOXBÔCTIDIe1 (Atl.) wolf eelpout (Lycenchelys verrilli) TépHepa (Pac.) polar eelpont (Lycodes turneri) Jr. 3cmapiea = aTaarrrùtiecKmil JI. noasipxbiel 31. arctic eelpout (Lycenchelys reticulatus) pe,ruw36big J. few-toothed eelpout (Lycodes raridens) cBéTabiel JI. pale eelpout (Lycodes pallidus) ysôpqa-rbel J!. = aTaairrùqecKmI J!. amKoTpAcca Lycothrissa crocodilus, a freshwater anchovy of SE Asia lily BOAYIIià51 JI. = KYBILIIIHKH—water lily mopcicàa crinoid, sea-lily; (pl.) Crinoidea (a Class of echinoderms) JIHMÙ.H estuary, (in Scotland) firth ammâlea 1. dab (Limainda limanda); 2. any species of Li,manda ,vanixopùaan = ,aammopÉiaan xàm6aaa gapliniopanafl >xêa-ro6pbxaa dL =- xo66THaa Kàm6aaa AammopÉiaaa AêaTonoaôcast Jr. = giumilopanail Kàleaaa Kombliaa JI. yellowfin sole (L. aspera) JI. FépneHurreffila = acëaTorioaôcan xàm6aaa(1) caxaalificKan a. "Sakhalin dab" (L. sakhalinensis) smenicKaH JI. = sin6Hcicaa Kàm6aaa JIHMAT limit BÉIaosa catch quota ammHonaauxTeni limnoplankton, lake plankton

JIHM4OHHCT6 3 , JIHMCIDOIHICTFIC lymphocystosis—a fish disease characterized by proliferation of epidermal cells JIHH (Uin%) = JIHHb—tench aArmsi line 60K013à51 JI. (a sense organ of fishes) JI. Yôaaeca, JI. Bàaaeca Wallace's line—a biogeographical boundary separating from the Asiatic islands mairridniag Ji. mantle line, palliai line (on clam shells) JIHHb 1. tench (Tinca tinca); 2. line, twine, yarn cipemcneaôË JI. = Tailméribœtaimen ainibica moult; (of insects) ecdysis

128 JIIIHSiTb

J1131-15ITb tO moult J11101'HâTOBBIe mojarras, Gerridae, Leiognathidae JimnàpHc 1. striped sea snail (Liparis liparis); 2. any Liparis; 3. (pl.) snailfishes, Liparidae—often included in Cyclopteridae (see xpyraonëp) 6ecuséTHmil ai. "plain snailfish" (Careproctus) see xapenpox-r esponacxHil a. striped seasnail (Liparis liparis) xoarimil a. "spiny snailfish" (Acantholiparis opercularis) M6Frreno Montague's seasnail (Liparis montagui) Tanâmi "Tanaka's snailfish", grassfish (Liparis tanakai) mHoronpHRâTxosmil ai. snailfish of the genus Polypera, Hocà-rbnl ai. "bignose snailfish" (Rhinoliparis) neaaremecxml a. tadpole snailfish (Nectoliparis pelagicus) IIRTHACTIDIII a. "spotted snailfish" (Liparis punctulatus) ycàTbnI a. "bearded snailfish" (Crystallias matsushimae) weaerabbul a. "slit-eyed snailfish" (Crystallichthys) nApa-pÉi6a dragonet; (pl.) Callionymidae Hu6ficKasi a. Japanese dragonet (Calliurichthys japonicus) aùpoBbie dragonets, Callionymidae aHdrua (dim. of alicà) fox ray6oxoD5HHaH MOpCKh ai. = cHéTaan mopcxâH a. mopcxàH a. 1. thornback ray (Raja clavata); 2. thresher shark (Alo- pias vulpinus) neaarffiteexan mopcxàff ai. micas! axSraa—pelagic thresher shark rioaùpHafl a. arctic fox, white fox (A.lopex lagopus) CBéT.T1a51 mopcxàn a. "bright thresher shark" (Alopias profundus) aHciunca (dim. of alicà) fox alleSrrcKHII a. Aleutian alligatorfish (Aspidophoroides bartoni) aancidnicKaH ai. gray starsnout (A.sterotheca alascana) 6opopâTa ai. tubenose poacher (Pallasina barbata) 6yr6pHaTaH a. warty poacher ( verrucosa) rpeHaàxcicasi a. Atlantic poacher (Agemus decagonus) ABeHaxwaTHrpa".HHan a. Bering poacher (Occella dodecahedron,) esponégcxaH ai. = mopcxàg a.(1) aeHoHHTomôpcxasi a. "polar seapoacher" (Ulcina olriki) mopcxaH a. 1. (Eur.) pogge, armed bullhead, hook-nose (Agonus cata- phractus); 2. (W At!.) alligatorfish (Aspidophoroides monopterygius) ; 3. (W Pac.) "Gilbert's seapoacher" (Podothecus gilberti); 4. (pl.) poa- chers, seapoachers, armed bullheads, alligatorfishes, Agonidae HesooppicUman ai. (E Pac.) smooth alligatorfish (Anoplagonus inermis) HOCfrraR ai. "sharpnose poacher" (Brachyopsis rostratus) oce-rp6Han a. sturgeon poacher (Agonus acipenserinus) noasipHaH ai. alligatorfish (Aspidophoroides .olriki) crepaagemi,man a. southern spearnose poacher (Agonopsis sterletus) Toxxopgman ai. longnose poacher (Sarritor leptorhynchus) Tomoxu6cTaH ai. sawback poacher (Sarritor frenatus) HepHonëpaH ray6oxoH6,uHasi a. blackfin poacher (Bathyagonus nigripinnis) HnôHcxaH a. "Japanese poacher" (Percis japonicus) aHcHtixa-Apax6H "dragon seapoacher" (Podothecus sachi)

129 SIHCOXBÔCT

.aHCOxBÔCT foxtail grass (Alopecurus) KO,aéxuaTblK di . floating foxtail (A. geniculatus ) .nxcTOHÔrxH (paK) phyllopod, fairy shrimp ; (pl.) Phyllopoda (an Order of crustaceans ) .nxCTOHâRKa "autumn grilse"-small Atlantic salmon of the hiemal type : like grilse but entering the river in the fall (as their name indicates) and not spawning until the following autumn (Berg, 1948, p . 212 ; Ni- kolsky, 1954, p . 148) ,nHCTOT-IKa filament (of gills, etc . ) JH3C~H (Ukr .) = 6bILI6K-1IbIC~H-"bald goby" (Pomatoschistus) ji. KasKâ3cKxH " bald goby" (P . caucasicus ) a. aeonâpRosbIH "leopard goby" (P . microps leopardinus) jtKcb5i-aKÿj1a pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelayicus) dIHTOpâdtb littoral (zone), coastal region jtHTTopHHa periwinkle (Liitori.na)-a marine snail JII3x13sI (Afr.) garrick-several fishes of the genus Lichia = Trachinotus A . rJI1j[KaSI derbio, "smooth garrick" (L . glauca ) O6bIKHOBéHHaH ji. "common garrick" (L . amia) nojtocâTast Jr . "striped garrick" (L . vadigo ) dtxuexxéJtHC (W Atl.) wolf eelpout (Lycenchelys verrilli) jI. Capca "Sars' eelpout" (L. sarsi) lIHTHI3CTbIÎ3 ji. (E Atl.) "spotted wolf-pout" (L. koltoffi) JtHUHHKa 1 . larva (of fish, insects, etc.) ; 2. (Eng.) alevin,, (Am .) fry, sac fry (a young fish with the yolk sac still external or incompletely absorbed) -compare rnajtëK, M6ao1( b Mlojt.nepoBCxasl ji . Müllerian larva (of turbellarians) oTMëT TIHIII3HOK birth, shedding, or extrusion of larvae (by rockfishes, etc . ) IMâBalouzax ,n . amphiblastula larva (of sponges) TpoxocpôpxaR 1I . trochophore larva (of ) I[xllpxcoBHZ(HaSi Ji . cypris larva (of certain crustaceans ) JIIfi-II3H0LIHOX6pJjoBble Urochordata, Tunicata JIYILII3H 0T4bIIi larval dto6 (gen . ,n6a) forehead ao6âH (also alo6âHb, ,no6âq) 1 . (Eng.) mullet, grey mullet, (Am .) striped mullet (Muqil cephalus) ; 2 . any large mullet (Mugil) ; 3. (local) _ qepxom5pcxa5i cejIbAb-Black Sea sha d no6âHqyK a small ao6âH so6âpb a young Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) JI66Hasi (KOCTb) frontal (bone ) jIO6OT tripletail ; (pl.) Lobotida e nO,aocâTbii~i jt. four-striped tripletail (Datnioides quadrifasciatus) cypKHâIVICKH%i J. tripletail, "Surinam tripletail" (Lobotes surinamensis) ao6oTOSble tripletails, Lobotidae

130 JIOB

JIOB fishing (see also J16BJIR, op^AIie JT6Ba, KoII.IeJIbx6BbIii JIOB, r6cdIoB, HHTeHCABHOCTb ) 6JII33HeLj6BbIIi A. fishing from 2 boats with a seine or trawl, pair trawling ApAt)TepllblfI JI. drift-net fishing ?Ki3B62[HbIIi A. = JIOB Ha HaxtKBKy-bait fishing KOJIX63HbIÎI A. Fishery Cooperative, Collective Fishery KOHTp6JIbHbIIi dt. test fishing KpIOiIKOBbIA A. hook-and-line fishing JIOB ?Ke16epHbIMH CeTfiM$ gill-net fishing JIOB Ha xcHBÿlo HaxcABICy live-bait fishing n,aasH6l=i ,a. drift-net fishing IIOAA2BHbIIt A. = SIpyCHbIÎI J. IIpOMbICJf6BbIIi A. commercial fishing CHACTHbIIi A. hook-and-line fishing TpâJIOSbI%i J. trawl fishing Tp6JIJIOSbII3 A. troll fishing ^,I>;e6HbIIi A. hook-and-line fishing slpycxbIA A. long-line fishing aIOBéTTKSI Lovettia seali, a small Tasmanian anadromous fislh JIOBéLj (gen. JIOBIjâ) A. Kpâ6oB crab fisherman Jt6BJI51 capturing or catching (fish), fishing JI. pb16bI HâXJIbICTOM fly-fishing JtOByIHKa 1. heart (of a trap net or pound net); 2. the net as a whole 60pTOBâsI A. net suspended from booms alongside a vessel and hauled toward it; used with lights to catch sauries AByxcaAx6Ba5i jI. double-heartecl trap net oAHOCa,I^K6Baa ,Ii. single-hearted trap net noA'bëMHaSi jI. lift net ceTHAH A. (moving) trap net, small beam trawl CTaHHâx JI. pound net J16rrepxeA = roJIOBâcTasl MOpCK15I lieperiâxa-loggerhead turtle j6xteqIca diminutive of j16xtlca--spoon Mopexâx ,II. a kind of clani; (pl.) Periplomatidae JI0)KHoAonr0xB6CT "false longtail" (Ateleopus) SiII6HCIfHIi al. "shachiburi" (A. japonicus) TiO?KHO,Z[OJIPOXB6CTOBble Ateleopidae BnWKHoxcâ6pa , false gill JIO?KHOH6?KKOBble Pseudopodiata (a Subclass of protozoans-rare) JIOIKHOCeTqaTOKpbIJIHble PSeudonelll'Optera-an old Order of insects, nowa- days divided into several Orders ,aOxtxoyrpeBble swamp eels, Synbranchidae (see also C.nHTHOxta6epIIHK) ,II6atHro longfin squid (Loligo) (see also IcajibMâp) 06bIKHOBéHHaH JI. common squid (L. v2clJaris) JIOMO3ÿ6 snaggletooth; (pl.) snaggleteeth, Astronesthidae A. cseTSIII^HHÇx luminous snaggletooth (Astronesthes lucifer)

131 aonacTenëpaa (pgi6a) aonacTenëpaa (pgi6a) lobe-finned fish; (pl.) (a Subclass of fishes) a6nacTHbnl lobed, lobate a6nacTB lobe, blade 7I(5riaTeHb = x6anHna—spoonbill aonaTica scapula, shoulder blade aonkriea - p1i6a batfish; (pl.) Ogcocephalidae, Oncocephalidae 3Be3,LIllà.TaYI JI. = KOJIlbilag à. KOà1bila51 JL (W Pac.) red batfish, red rattlefish (Halieutaea stellata) aonaToH6p 1. spade-foot toad (Scaphiopus); 2. = aonaToH6rHil MCQUI1Z)CIC aonaToH6ret ( um-11;3ex) scaphopod, tooth shell; (pl.) Scaphopoda (a Class of molluscs) aonaToH6c shovelnose (sturgeon) ardepHxàHmin a. (Am ) shovelnose sturgeon, hackleback (Scaphirhynchus platorhynchus) apà.abciadi aI. = ankeaonaToH6c (Pseudoscaphirhynch,us) 6éTILII1 31. (Am.) pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus album) 6oamnbei (ammapbAHcialei) a. big (Amu-dar) shovelnose (Pseudosca- phirhynchus kaufmanni) mâabnI (ammapbenicKel) a. little (Amu-dar) shovelnose (Pseudosca- phirhynchus hermanni) cmpe,apbÉnicKnel JI. Syr-dar shovelnose sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi) aonoH6c = lunpoxoH6cica---shoveller duck aopmapHeBbie Loricariidae—a family of armoured catfishes a6pHa (Peru) lorna (Sciaena deliciosa)

aockiipm (Ukr.) = rycrepà —white bream aococëHme , fishes of the salmon family aococeôxyli trout-perch (Pereopsis omiscomaycus) aococima salmon flesh (prepared for eating) aoc6ch, JI6C0Cb (adj. aococëabnl) 1. salmon (in general); 2. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (see also cëmra) ancTpaanflumn SI. Australian salmon, kahawai (); (pl.) Arripidae apaabcmti a. Aral trout (Salmo trutta aralensis) 6aarop6,mbnl a. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) „gaabHeHocT6Luime ‘11-CII Pacific (Oncorhynchus) zJ.ynâticKuhl .11. Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) I,ICC1 .IK-KSiàbCKHI1 31. fssyk-kul trout (Salmo ischchan issykogegarkuni) kamnaTcKail dl. = MfildDICa—Salmo mykiss (the anadromous form) Kacnnfici

HacTosiuzne a - cH true salmons (genus &Limo) oaëpribel a. lake salmon, Sebago salmon (Salmo salar sebayo) oxpna,cRnil Ohrid trout (Salmothymus ochridianus) cepe6p11cTiel à. smolt—a young salmon during the seaward migration

132 JI0C6Cb

cTaamoro3I6sEei steelhead, anadromous form of rainbow trout (Salmo gairclneri) THxooxeammie JI-CH Pacifie salmons (Oncorhynchus) IlepHom6pcxHil a. Black Sea salmon (Salmo trutta labrax) aocàcb-,aasaTtlâTi = ,aaBaTqàx—Frolikh char aoc6ch-Tailmérm = xSirexa—sea trout aocb (Eur.) elk, (Am.) moose (Alces alces) aoTéaaa Lot ella maximowiczi—a fish of the family Moridae JI6TOC opexox6cmpiii lotus (Nelmbo nucif era) aoci)oT crestfish (Lophotus capellei) Aoc1)6ToBbie crestfishes, Lophotidae aox (from Finnish lohi) 1. a name for male Atlantic salmon (S almo salar) in spawning condition; 2. (Vyatka River region) = TaeiméHb—taimen; 3. freshwater salmon aomponanHe detection, sensing, locating., spotting (especially by sound reflection or radar) aounposâm to detect, to locate, to observe, to find aôgmax 1. pilot; 2. pilotfish (N «crates duct or, N. indicus) aoLuàamil or JIOLHâTIIDIII spawned out, spent JL KI4)1(Si4 spent coho aouiàxme post-spawning condition aoln6x (N Russia) parr, young salmon aysapesbie louvars, Luvaridae ayaàpb louvar, luvar (Luvarus imperialis) ayrordala = ayroaàn THpxSiluxa —pratincole ayga (L. Ladoga, White Sea, etc.) a sand or gravel bar aST,Rora "ludoga whitefish" (C oreg onus lavaretus ludoga) oribmican JI. "Onega whitefish" (C. 1. otegi) apxâilxxx BÔflHbI mudwort (Limosella aquatica) apxhaxa a freshwater snail of the Famil,y Viviparidae o,xxonpucep,axaa I. Viviparus viviparus npecuos6aaa x. Viviparus contectus aymuula B0,011A5 mudwort (Limosella aquatica) aymnéxyc = aromnéxyc—snake blenny ayria - pE>I6a 1. ocean sunfish (Mola mola) ; 2. (pl.) molas, Molidae; 3. = ônax—opah ocTpoxs6cTaa JI. sharptail mola (Mola lanceolala Masturus lanceolatus) aylioraàaxa mooneye (Hiodon, tergisus) ayHoraaame mooneyes, Hiodontidae arr leatherback turtle (Dermochelys corictcea) ayT6x smew (Mergus alb ellus)

133 JI37TbS5IH

JIyTdIH ayusmàH aylApb 1. (Atl.) bluefish (Pomatonius saltatrix); 2. (Asia) bluefish (T emnodon saldat or) anc.Tpaaililcmnil JI. tailor (Pomatomus pedica) AyilHàii, ayumànyc 1. (Atl.) snapper, muttonfish (Lut janus and allied genera) (see also Kapàcb); 2. (pl.) ai. (Cuba) "bigeye snapper" (Pristipomoicles macrophthalmus) 6S7pbitzlji. (W Afr.) "brown snapper" (Lut janus eutactus) rop6ânilil JI. "humped snapper" (Lut janus gibbus) AëJITOIVIà3bIII a. silk snapper (Lut jan,us vivanus) atërronoa6cmil aI. = X&JITOXBÔCTbdI JI. >1(êTIT0xBACTbIR al. yellowtail snapper ( 0 cyurus ehrysurus) seaênbig ai. "green snapper" (Aprion virescens) xpànqaTbia ai. lane snapper (Lut,janus synagris) xpàcno-6yobill sanafflapplecâncialil ai. "chestnut snapper" (Lut janus ag enes) Kpacnonëpbill Ji. "redfin snapper" (Lut janus erythropterus) Kpacnonoaôcmil JI. xpà.rulaTbiel KpaCHOXI315C.TbIrI ai. -= Kpân4aTbId ai. Kpàcnbiti a. 1. (Cuba) Pensacola snapper (Lut janus ay a) ; 2. "silverspot snapper" (L. arg entimaculatus) ; 3. (W Atl.) red snapper (L. campechanus) maaa6à.pcxml ai. "Malabar snapper" (Lut janus malabaricus) 110.1.10CàTbdi JI. "striped snapper" (Lut janus lineolatus) CBéTJII)Ii:1 JI. "bright snapper" (Lut janus (Ines) céphill ai. gray snapper, mangrove snapper (Lut janus griseus) Temno6pônbril ai. "blackbrow snapper" (Lut janus sanguineus) Tpëxncoocbiii ai. (Aust.) red emperor (Lutjanus sebae) nepnonëpbnl ai. blackfin snapper (Lut janus buccanella) yumki-nàrpo = narpo—mutton snapper ayu4ân-co6à.Ka. dog snapper (Lut janus jocu) ayn,nân-xaxpi schoolmaster (Lut janus apodus) aynnân-qêpEpoe yxo = tiepnonëpwil aynmânonme snappers, Lutjanidae ayq 1. ray, beam, shaft (of light); 2. ray (of a fin, etc.) BeTec-rmil a. branched ray (of a fin) mt.à6epFibill ai. branchiostegal ray KOJIlbqI411 a. spiny ray (of a fin) msirio-di a. soft ray HéBeTBIICTbIR ai. unbranched ray (of a fin) IIJIaBHIIKÔl3bIti a. fin ray Tep,abrii ai. spiny ray (of a fin) iméxneTbei ai. soft (or segmented) ray (of a fin) aygenindi Radiolaria (a Subclass of protozoans) ayttenêpag (pli6a) actinopterygian, spiny-rayed fish; (pl.) aytienaaminx6Ba5i = aygenêpasi aytiAna Chara, stonewort

134 abicàq abicàq "pike asp" (Aspiolucius esocinus) aecica = agrcyxa—coot abicSm 1. harp seal, Greenland seal (Phoca groenlanclica); 2. = 6b1gent-AbicSm—"ba1d goby" abicSixa (old-world) coot (Pulica atra) = Icauntaxec JIbBliFIKa soldier fly, strationiyid abBmioroa6Biea "lion-head"--a variety of goldfish abeam (ice) floe absiàaa bilge aio,amlrusi 6oa6 -ruasl false loosestrife (Ludwigia palustris) aio,Roé,a = aic3iaa-aio,Roé,/1—man-eater shark aromnérwc 1. = i. MIIH01-0131.,1,1111bIll; 2. (pl.) Lumpeninae—a subfamily of stichaeid blennies 60abi.u6ii jr. slender eelblenny (Lumpenus fabricii) ,zJIHHHOpIJr.hIi i. longsnout prickleback (Lumpenella longirostris) JI. mmioroniusubig snakeblenny (Lumpenus lampetraeformis) nwrni4crbiii a. 1. "spotted snakeblenny" (Leptoclinus intermedius); 2. daubed shanny (Lumpenus 9naculatus = Leptoclinus maculatus) cpé,mut-1 a. stout eelblenny (Lumpenus medius _= Anisarchus medius) ammnéHa fish of the genus Lumpena IIHTHÙCTaYI ai. fish of the genus Leptoclinus amp 1. = cà1a—coa1fish; 2. = ru5aaax—po11ack affipmx little auk, dovekic (Plautus alle) riëcrphiii JI. = nëcrphrel in:bum—marbled murrelet JdOTHK buttercup, crowfoot (Rai/nu/mu/us) Boaoccunicrribiel m. water crowfoot (R. trichophyllus, R. aquaticus) AecricoaAcTxmil JI. stiff water crowfoôt (I?. circinatus) aro-rRa damselfly of the family Lestidae 3eaëllan a. Lestes viridis ash-13a = mopcxée liëvr—anglerfish aRryinânimc frogbit (Ilydrocharis morsus-ranae) aErSiunca 1. frog (in general—see also Kuâtuna); 2. (Eur.) TpasHnàyi JI. 6yroptiâTaH ,71. "rough frog" (Rana rugosa) Boaockrafl Jr. "hairy frog" (Astylosternus robustus) AaabrieBocr54niasi a. "Amur frog" (Rana semiplicata) AlICKOSI3gItIliaS1 discoglossid toad (Discoglossus) saKamcbcKan a. Caucasian frog (Rana camerani) KpurcalhaR JI. green frog (Rana clamitans) aeonàp,rman Ji. leopard frog (Rana pipiens) aecuàfl JI. \\rood frog (Rana sylvatica) mazoa3eTcxasi ai. "Turkish frog" (Rana macrocnemis) o3êpriasi Ji. "lake frog" (Rana rirlibunda) ocrpom6pgayi 31. "sharpnose frog" (Rana terrestris) npwritasi a. "Dalmatian frog" (Rana, dalmatina)

135 jmrÿu.txa

npyAosâR A. "pond frog" (Rana esculenta) cx6f4pcrca5T a. Siberian frog (Rana cruenta) TpasRxâx A. (Eur.) common frog, "grass frog" (Rana temporaria) xsocTâTax x. ribbed toad (Ascaphus truei) nepxonsrrxKcTax ji. "black-spotted frog" (Rana nigromaculata) uHJtHHCxax ,a. Chilean frog (Rhinoderma darvini)-male carries tadpoles in a throat pouch Lurn6pueBax ji. spurred frog (Xenopus miilleri) ,nxrÿtuxa-6bix bullfrog (Rana catesbiana) n51rÿLUxa-pbt6a smooth lumpsueker (Aptocyclus = Cyclopterichthys) ToJrcTOxôxxax ji. smooth lumpsucker (A. ventrticous = A. glaber) ,nxryu[xoroJos, jtstrsoroJIoa tadpolefish (Raniceps raninus)-a gadid fish ,nRrÿiux03y6 frog-tooth salamander (Ranodon) ceMxpeqéxcxHH A. "Siberian frogtooth" (R. sibiricus) ,nfinxa = o.nRnxa-dipper jisim (Ukr.) = aeu[-bream

136 M

MaBpelüoK = TëMHbIH rop6blJib(1)-ombre MarâH a fyke net with hoops tapered to the funnel, which leads into a large pot Mârx-MârK = Kopx4éxa-mahi-mahi MaApâra a kind of fixed trap net used to catch tuna, in the Mediterranean Mâ3y = cAMa-masu salmon MâH-6ajtblK (Turkic for fat fish) = apâabcKax IueMâR-Aral shemaya MaÎI,ZjAH, MalijjlHHI3K rapids MâHHa hole in the ice (used to set a net) MâHCxasi pb16a African shad (Alosa africana) MâKO mako (shark) (Isurus oxyrhinchus) MaKÔMa Macoma-a small marine clam 6a,nTHHcKaH M. Baltic Macoma (M. baltltica) MaxpéaeBble mackerels, Scombridae Maxpéjiel.IzyKa 1. Atlantic saury, skipper, billfish (Scomberesox saurus); 2. (S Pac.) saury pike (S. forsteri) MaxpédIeu.zyKOBble = CâHpoBbte-Seomberesocidae MaKpéAb (adj. MaKpéaeBbIH) (N Atl.) mackerel (Scomber scombrus)-see also CKÿM6pHa aBCTpaJII%IIiCKaSf M. blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) aacTpaalKflcxaH KopoltéBcxaR M. (Aust.) school mackerel (Scombero2norus queenslandicus) RBy,aHIIéHIIax M. donble-lined mackerel (Grammatorcpnus bicarinatus) 3ana,IJfioaTJlaHTi3tIeCKa5i M. = KopoJIéBCKaH M.(1) BMeeBI-i,i[HaH M., 8MeI3HaH M. snake mackerel (Acinacea notha = Gempylus serpens) 3oJIOTA51 M., 3OJIOTf4CTaH M. mahi-mahi, dorada, dolphin (fish) (Corypltaen.a Ttippztrus) IdHAi3liCKaH KOpOJIéBCKaH M. = nSiTffi-ICTag PICnâHCKaH M.(1) xcIIâHCKax M. 1. (Atl.) Spanish mackerel (Scon2beronnorus macitlatus); 2. (Pac.) - nonepelHono,nocâTasl M. KaimpopxxHcxaR KopojIéacxax M. Monterey Spanish mackerel (Scomberonaorus cOnColOr) KHTaHcxaH M. "Chinese mackerel" (Scomberomorus sinensis) KôHCxasl M. 1. horsemackerel, scad (Caranx trachurus); 2. (p1.) jacks, jack mackerels, horsemackerels, Carangidae KopéHcxasl M. Korean mackerel (Scomberomorus koreanus) Kopoaésexax M. 1. (W Atl.) cero (Scomberomorzts regalis); 2. (W Atl.) king mackerel (S. cavalla); 3. (W Atl.) = Bâxy-wahoo; 4. (E Pac.) Monterey Spanish mackerel (Scomberomor2ts concolor) KOpOJIéBCKaH HHTHI3CTaH M. = I3CnâHCKaR M. (1) KpynHOnSiTHI-ICTaH M. = KIdTâÎiCKaH M.

137 maxpézb

memconsrmAcTan M. cauàpa—sawara omeàFicicasi M. 1. (pl.) Spanish mackerels, kingmackerels Cybiinae; 2. = cépasi ,aeimicaTécriasi M. noaocàTafl KopoèréucKan M. nonepelmoncurocàTasi M. nonepeinionoaocà-rafl M. (W Pac.) seer, Spanish mackerel (Scombero- morus commersoni) IIHTHACTail (unàucKasq) M. 1. spotted Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus yuttatus); 2. = Hcrihickag m.; 3. = nonepeinionozocà-ran M. IISITHeleTafi Kopwréacicasi M. HellàHCKa51 M. cépa% geamcaTécuas1 M. escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) sm6Ficrea5i KopoaéacKag M. = cauàpa—sawara maxpormarrrem macroplankton màKponoR common paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis) IHTáiiCKMf M. Chinese paradise fish (Macropodus chinensis) maxpoeaoubie Jra6up}'1iT0ubie —Anabantidae mampocTômmg "long-bearded clragonfish" (Macrostomias longibarbatus) maicpypôriyc = ,rummioxm5crayi mepaSraa marcpSrpyc (see also ZTIeTHHOXBOCT, earOXBOCT) 1. = CéBepHIDIR M.; 2. (pl.) Macruridae aErrapieremecRmil M. antarctic grenadier (Macrourus whitsoni) znamopilindl M. marlinspike, common rat-tail (Nezumia bairdi) césepribill M. roughhead grenadier (Macrourus berglax) Tynopgmbel M. rock grenadier (Macrourus rupestris) lo1CHOaTaHTI1eCKHi M. South Atlantic grenadier (Macrourus holotrachys) maupypycomie grenadiers, rat-tails, Macrouridae maKcilimon6,um Maxillopoda (a Subclass of crustaceans, including copepods, , etc.) MaKC91-1 1. = MyKC91-1—MilkSlin. (whitefish) ; 2. = ToacToe6HK-- fathead maKyaê3a (SW Atl.) poison toadfish (Thalassophryne maculosa) majfaxôcr Malacosteus—a genus of deepwater fishes mêpubdi M. "black malacost" (M. niger) mazaxocréesue Malacosteidae—a family of oceanic and bathypelagic fishes maaapmaT malarmat (Peristedion orientalis)—a goatfish min& (gen. mazbicà) (Am.) fingerling, (Eng.) fry—"a young, but already fully-formed, fish" CFUSSR compare Jrugùl-ixa, m6ao,ab)

maaêx- noRà-rumic a downstream-migrating young fish, a smolt (of salmonids) maaop6T (see also mazop6Tag it'am6aaa) 1. a flounder having a small mouth (genus Glyptocephalus, Microstomus, etc.); 2. (pl.) Microsto- midae; 3. = namiocT6ma—pencilfish AmnixonëpbnI M. (E Pac.) rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus) M. KnTaxàpbi Kitahara's flounder (Tanakius kitaharae) M. CTéznepa (W Pac.) "Steller's smallmouth flounder" (Glyptocephalus stelleri)

138 maaopôT

cepe6pAcTiel M. Pac.) "silvery smallmouth" (Nœnsenia ardesiaca) TmooKeânciadi M. (E Pac.) Dover sole (Nierostomus pacificus) ma.nocermeurnme Oligomera Superphylum of animals, including bryo- zoans and brachiopods) màaocoab lightly-salted caviar madiœneTfunconhnI (tiepnb) freshwater worm, oligochaete; (pl.) Oligochaeta (a Subclass of annelids) màabrorep roller (o-ver which a net line is hauled) màabma, maabmà Dolly Varden (char), malma (Salvelinus malma) AMTIàil or petmàfl M. freshwater forms of S. malma (morpha curilus) ibwHafl M. "southern malma" (S. m. krascheninnikovi) madirwa 1. local name for sepxtiBma—Leucaspius delineatus; 2. = roabsin —minnow maurp mangrove mau,gapinwa 1. mandarin cluck (Aix galericulata); 2. "mandarin drag- onet" (Synehiropis splendidus) mafflyclnu "Argentine herring" (Ramnogaster) manépxa tugun—a cisco (Coregonus lug«) mai-dwa slack water, slack of the tide mammx manna grass (Glyeeria) 60Jrbuiôii M. "big manna grass" (G. maxima. = G. aquatica) Haruniinàromasi M. "floating manna grass" (G. fluitans) màrra 1. manta (Manta birostris); 2. (pl.) mantas, devil rays, Mobulidae mbrri4H mantle (of a clam or oyster) màwroshie mantas, Mobulidae manSixa dwarf herring (Jenkinsia lamprotaenia) and related species màpa6y marabou stork afilmxàucKag M. African marabou (Leploptilus erumenif crus) mapaewa = moponka—Terek sandpiper mapéua, mapÉma 1. "Dnepr barbel" (Barbus barbus borysthenicus); 2. (oc- casionally) B. barbus mapeuwa 1. = 061DIKHOBéHHafl M.; 2. any marinka (Schizothorax); 3. (incorrectly) = 3axacrffifici

139 MapJIHH

ro,ny66H M . blue marlin (Malcaira nigricans = M . ampla) nojiocâTbiH M. striped marlin (Tetrapturus auclax, T . ntiitsukurii) qëpxblK M . black marlin (Makaira indica = M . mazara ) MapcI3JIeH 1ieTblpëxJll'icTHaH water fern, pepperwort (Marsilea quadrifolia) MâpcoBxK = 604Kâ,nbcxxH xâpxyc-either typ e MApTOBPIK = 6bI1I6K-?Kâ6a-r`toad goby " MapTbIH herring gull (Larus argentatus), and other large gulls MapTQIIiKa 1 . common tern (Sterna hirundo), and other similar terns ; 2 . = 06bIKHOB2HHaH OHKa-black-headed gull MâCKPiHOH?iL, MhCKYIHOHr muskellunge, maskinonge (Esox masqu2nongy) MacJIIÔK, aTJIaHTKT-iecxxH M . rock gunnel, gunnel, rock eel, butterfish (Pholis gunellus ) 6e3H6rxH M . "Dybowsky's blenny" (Pholidapis dybowskii) AJIxxxo6plôxmK M . stippled gunnel (Pholis dolichogaster) KpâCHbIIÎ M . = AJIHHH06piÔXIHIi M . noxOCâTbiii M . banded gunnel (Pholis fasciata) paayxpâiueHxblfi M . saddleback gunnel (Pholis ornata) pacllxcHÔH M. "decorated gunnel" (Pholis picta) *4eluyerojI6abIH M . "scalyhead blenny" (Enedrias nebulosus) MacJIIOxSBble gunnels, Pholida e MâciISlHax pb16a 1 . butterfish (Palinurichthys pringlei) ; 2. (pl.) butter- fishes, Stromateidae =\omeidae ; 3. = slnôHCxaR M. xrtôHCxast M . "Japanese driftfish" (Myperoylyphe japonicus) MacTaKC mastax-the jaw apparatus of rotifers MaTaMâTa matamata (Chelys fimbriata)-a South American turtle MaTëpax Bo,a,â deep water (safe for navigation ) MâTKa 1. womb ; 2. mother-ship, base KHTo66HHasl M . whaling factory-ship co.>1RHâR M. brine shrimp (Artemia) MaTHSI see MOTHSI MaTpoBHK (Black Sea) = 6bIi6K-xtâ6a-toad goby Maxcxp (India) mahseer (Tor tor)-a large cyprinid fish Ma,qéTa, Mw-ICTe 1 . menhaden (Brevoortia) ; 2. machete (Elops affinis) nepyâHcxaR M. Peruvian menhaden (Brevoortia maculata ) MaTayé,aa thread herring () aTjIaHTf4T-Iecxasl M . (0. oglinum) THxooKeâHcxax M . "Pacific thread herring" (0 . libertate) MaIUHHa 1 . machine ; 2. automobile pb16oMoe'MaR M. fish-washing machine pb16opa3Ae .noT1Hax M . fish-splitting machine Ma$K 1. lighthouse ; 2. buoy ; 3. egg yolk in brandy M6y "Congo puffer" (Tetraodon mbu) Mra, Mraa mist, haze

140 mry

mry MG-U-1Vlocxânclue rocygàpnBernimil Y1-114BepCIITéT enwerm M. B. Tlomonôcosa mermôrra, meraaône megalops—a larval stage of certain crustaceans mer,aùm (Ob R.) "Siberian dace" (Leuciseus leueiseus baiealensis) merpùm (Bur.) megrim, whiff, sail-fluke (Lepidorhombus whiff = L. whiffiagonis) me..aâxa medaka (Oryzias latipes)—a Japanese cyprinodontiform fish me,w3é,iLb bear 6éjmï M., nodisipxbdi M. polar bear (Thalassaretos maritimus) me,uma (Jap.) medzina (Givella punetata) me,g3'73a jellyfish, medusa (see also megSrma) cwiffiwasi M. sessile medusa (Stauromedusa and related genera) culicl)où,ruian M. true jellyfish, scyphozoan; (pl.) Scyphozoa (a Class of coelenterates) yulà.craH M. "big-eared jellyfish" (Aurelia aurita) me,a3'73Ka (little) medusa rnapoù,man M. Aglantha digitalis npecHos6AHan M. freshwater medusa (Craspedaeusta) muKermbrfi low-water (adj.) mexcérib 1. limit; 2. low-water level (of a river); 3. -=- 3aKp6flica (Berg, 1948, p. 211); 4. locally = TùFLga (Nikolsky, 1954, p. 148) B me)KéHb as a limit, at the outside mextxpÉnuelmafl ("cocrb) interopercle memolémocTnan (xocrrb) premaxillary (bone) me3o36r1, me3o3édIcianl Mezozoic (era) me3onapa3wr mesoparasite—an animal that lives in cavities opening exter- nally (mouth, nose, ear, etc.) mul, 'wed-1°BU' (geol.) (period) med-laxonÉni 1. = TëMHbIk rop6Imb(1); 2. = CBéTabIll rop6Imb(1) mediamcPaemile Melamphaidae—a family of deepwater beryciform fishes meaamoPaii melamphid; (pl.) Melamphaidae 6cmmuerdià3mil M. bigeye melamphid (Poronutra macrops) raa,Eworoa6Buil M. "smoothhead melamphid" (Melamphaes laeviceps) Kozi ■Dt4Hi4 M. "spiny melamphid" (Melamphaes spinifer) M. )(à66ca Hubbs' melamphid (Melamphaes hubbsi) medixoweneHIDel M. small-scaled melamphid (Scopeloberyx mierolepis) meaaHorioame Melanonidae—a family of deepwater gadoid fishes medianocromweBbie scaleless dragonfishes, Melanostomiatidae medial-10=1mi51 scaleless dragonfish (Melanostomias pauciradius) mediancrrelineBbie Melanotaeniidae (see also pàgynnian pÉr61ca, pâgyuninua) mëd'Bra "melga whitefish" ( melga) Meamopàgm improvement, amelçoration

141 meaxosoabe muntoso,abe shoal, shallows mé.nolib 1 , small fish (of small species, or small individuals of large species); 2, undersized fish, illegal fish; 3. undesirable fish; 4. trifle; 5. (of money) small change meat, shallow, sand-bar méxa, méne moonfish (Mene) M. spotted moonfish (Mene maculata) menêx (gen. mexhie) 1. cusk, tusk, torsk (Brosme brosme); 2. (Onega L.) a large (Haa Am) meximmi 1. (N Atl.) silversid e, sandsmelt (Menidia); 2. ( S Am.) "Falk- land silverside" (Menidia uruguayensis) menôsbie moonfishes, Menidae mexxà,aex = mmxé,iex—menhaden meHb (southern USSR) = namim—burbot mépreab marl mepé)Ka, mepbKa fyke net, trap net. A mepbKa has two -wings but no center lead; it is usually set parallel to shore, with one wing touching land. Compare shrrepb. mepam 1. D-net; 2. other types of fyke net M. MI4HWKIDYI lamprey fyke net n4Hycicasi M. Pyarnus net—a triple fyke net with a single lead, used in the Gulf of Riga mepécxxml (Ukr.) = roabsix o3épnbiil—lake minnow mepeur (Eur.) whiting (Gadus merlanyus) qepHomôpcimil M. = mepaàmca. mep.nâmca "Black Sea whiting", "merlanka" (Gadus merlangus euxinus) meN1S73a (see also x3K) 1. hake (any species of Merluccius); 2. = M. 06bIKH013éHHa51 ascnamUcKasi M. Australian hake, whiting (Merluccius goyi) aprewrAlicKaii M. = lommoameppncàficrasl M. 6haR M. = M. 06bIKHOBéliHaST ,IVIHHHOX13(5CTa51 M. 1. "Magellan hake" (Macruronus magellanicus); 2. "New Zealand longtail hake" (Maeruronus novae-zealandiae) enpona'cKasi M. 06bIKHOBéHHaSi ItâncKasi M. (S Afr.) Cape hake, stockfish (Merluceius capensis) maBpPuâTiocasi M. Mauretanian hake (Merluccius cad enati) M. 06bnamBémiafl hake, common hake () noBo3e,llânirseicag M. New Zealand hake (Merluccius australis) naTaremcicasi M. = lœicrioamepmcâncKaH M. ceneràabcKa51 M. Senegal hake (Merluccius senegalensis) cepe6pelc-rasi M. (W Atl.) silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) TmooKeàiicKaR M. Pacifie hake (Merluccius productus) -rmcooKeàHutayi cepe6pùc-rasi M. = tamfflicKasi M. Inuddlexasi M. Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi) romoamepnxincicasi M. "Patagonian hake" (Merluccius hubbsi) mmoactIpmâncKasi M. = KàlICKa51 M. 142 mep,n3i3a

matrioad)pmcàFicican r1Iy6oKoe1wag M. "South African deepwater hake" (Merluccius paradoxus) méplibril 1. good-sized, of commercial size; 2. measured; 3. rhythmic meponaaincTôa meroplankton (organisms that are planktonic for only part of their lives—usually as larvae) mepoc-r6mosme 1VIerostomata (a Class of —see mellexBôcT and paxocKopaH6H) mep6y 1. any sea bass of the genus Epinephelus (see also encylib, rap9ima); 2. = raràruckei M. aaexcartapilfrcnik M. (E Atl.) "Alexandria sea bass" (E. alexandrinus) 6eaonoaôchal M. = eéphik M. rHraincKail M. (E Atl.) giant sea bass, dusky perch, merou, grouper (E. guaza = 1?. gigas) xpâcHbIt M. (SW Atl.) red sea bass (E. morio) 110J10eàTbIll M. (E Atl.) "bronze sea bass" (E. aeneus) eéphril M. = 110J10CàTbdi M. ëpHbIk M. "falcate grouper" (Mycteroperca falcata) MeTàTb, BàmeTa'rb (mtpr) to lay (eggs), to spawn meTauepitàpFisi metacercaria (a life-history stage of trematodes) me'reoyn6Bua =- me'reopoaorffirecmie ycaelmla—weather conditions MeTHTb, HaMéTFITb to mark, to tag (fish) ménta tag (for fish) mewniva = noemca—mayfly meT61a, meT6,Rffica method, technique M. Tapaaga Taranets' method (of estimating the number of eggs in salmon redds) meti sword xpàcrim M. see pl;i6a-Kpàcribiii met' aieq-pEMa swordfish (Xiphias gladius); (pl.) Xiphiidae métierffle, mégeHhe marking, tagging (fish) megem5c = meq-pr6a—swordfish megeHôcen swordtail (Xiphophorus)—a genus of poeciliids used in aquaria aeaëlibiii M. "green swordtail" (X. helleri) megea6coabie, metrepÉrabie swordfishes, Xiphiidae megexaôc-r horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), (pl.) Xiphosura (an Order of arthropods) memiconcà6epHbre Cyclostomata, Marsipobranchia—a Class of vertehrates memKopoT "sackmouth" (Saccopharynx ampullaceus)—a large deepwater fish mem6K 1. bag, sack, pocket (of a seine); 2. codend (of a trawl) mEirpâwr migrant, migrating fish, especially an adult salmon returning to a river

143 MHRHA

MH,uH51 (sea) mussel (Myttilus and related genera) rHrâH,rcxax M. "giant Pacific mussel" (Crenomytilus grayanus) 3e.nëxasx M. "green mussel" (Mytilus viridis) xajtHCpopHHiicxaR M. California mussel (Mytilus californianus) M. Maréjtxaxa "Magellan mussel" (Mytilus magellanicus) cpeRH3eMHOM6pcxaR M. "Mediterranean mussel" (Mytilus galloprovin- cialis ) cbeAÔ6Has. M. eommon mussel, blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) uëpxax M. (S Afr.) black mussel (Chroromytilus mer2dionalis) MI33rIipb (Batumi) = MepJI^HKa Mx3H1[ mysid; (pl,) Mysidacea MKKx)xa "mikizha", "Kamchatka trout" (Salmo mykiss) MHKpoAecMOBbie wormfishes, worm gobies, Microdesmidae MIiKpOn:IaHKTÔH microplankton, nanoplankton MHKpocnopxRxôc microsporidosis-a group of fish diseases caused by the microsporidian genera Glugea, Cocconema, etc. MHKpocnopHRHx mierosporidian; (pl.) Microsporidia (an Order of cnid- osporidian protozoans) MHKCHHa ; (pl.) Myxini-a Class of jajvless vertebrates aTjtaHTH^iecxast M. Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) M. Bÿprepa = nx5iax0p6Tax M. rtxxBxopôTasi M. 1. "leech-mouthed hagfish", "Burger'sihagfish", salad-eel (Eptatretus bürgeri) ; 2. Bdellostoma peAKO3ÿ6aR M. "few-toothed hagfish" (Myxine paucidens) THxooxeâHCxaR M. (E Pac.) Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stouti) Toxxo 7é,aax M. "slender hagfish" (Nemamyxine elongata) (E 14ëpxasi M. 1. (W Pac.) "Atami hagfish" (Paramyxine atami); 2. Pac.) black hagfish (Eptatretus deani) MHKCO60Jn363 m,yxoboliosis-infestation of the skin or gills of fishes by a variety of sporozoans M. xapn6s carp myxoboliosis-a sporozoan disease of cyprinids, caused by Myxobolus cyprini MKKCOcoMaTOS = aep-réxx-whirling sickness MI3KCOCnopi3jnI363 myxosporidiosis-a group of fish diseases caused by var- ious myxosporidians MHKCOCnopK,z^HR myxosporidian; (pl.) Myxosporidia (an Order of enid- osporidian protozoans) MI3ICCOqI3npIIH Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus) MHk-reponépxa (Atl.) "tusked grouper" (Mycteroperca rubra) MHxTO(^I3JLosble, MIiKTOCpOSble lanternfishes, Myctophidae MHHxe minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) MxHÔra lamprey; (pl.) Petromyzontia (an Order of jawless vertebrates) ascTpajiHHcxax M. Australian lamprey ( australis) aMepHKâHCxaR npoxbAHan M. river lamprey ( ayresi) aMepHKâHCxxe npecxosSRHbte M-rK American inland lampreys (Ich- thyomyzon)

144 mmôra

6arredicKaH M. petuAn M. BeHrépcican M. = RyHecKaH M. 13ÔJINCCKMM M. xacHenIcKaH M. gaahrieHocrôlmasi npoxôxman M. = aeAouHTom6pcxan M. M. "Asiatic " (Lampetra gaabueBocrôlmaH pytibesàH reiss- neri) ,ayriàficicaH M. "Danube lamprey" (Lampetra danfordi) itacrublcKasi M. (Caspiomyzon wagneri) Kopéflucan M. "Korean lamprey" (Lampetra mori)

KopoTKoroaoHaH emu-Iasi M. "shorthead lamprey" (Movdacia movdax) aegourrom6pcKan M. (Lampetra japonica) mopcxàg M. (Petromyzon marines) HéscKail M. = petniân M. pequà2 M. 1. (Eur.) river lamprey, lampern (Lampetra fluviatilis); 2. (W N.A.) (Pacific) river lamprey (Lampetra ayresi) pytuDeen M. 1. (Eur.) brook lamprey, Planer's lamprey (Lampetra planeri); 2. (E NA.) American brook lamprey (Lampetra lamottei); 3. (W N.A.) western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) cH6ApcKaH pyilbeeH M. "arctic brook lamprey" (Lampetra kessleri) crymxoBa M. (Ukr.) = pylibesà5,1 m.(1)

THxooKeàficKan M. = .ne,rtomiTom6pereasi M. Tpbc3ST6aH M. (E Pae.) ( tridentatus) yrôpcbxa M. (Ukr.) = ,LiyHMIcicaR M. yxpâmicKag Al. "Ukrainian lamprey" (Lampetra mariae) Hepuom6pcKan M. 1. = ,nyuâtIcKasi m.; 2. = yupâmicKan M. 51116FICKM51 M. -=- .ne,a0o3HT0m6pcKan M. mmi6roshie lampreys, Petromyzontidae milifrâri walleye polloek, Alaska polio*, Korean cod (Theragra chalco- gramma)

Mifilb()K, also MHHb (Ukr.) = HaJulm—burbot mHouéri (geol.) (period) mi4pHxT (Atl.) sharptail eel (Myrichthys acuminatus) mHpuan (pi;i6a) non-predatory (fish) mHp6u, mmp6Fi4nuc 1. barbel (Barbus barbus); 2. Dnepr barbel (B. b. borysthenicus) MMpT myrtle 6o,nerruhul M. leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) MMCT Indian catfish (Mystus aor, M. seenghala) MMCTHXTMC Mistichthys luzonensis—a tiny Phillipine goby mHu,y Scombrops boops—a percoid fish mffilmaii 1. (navy) warrant-officer; 2. = 1)1;16a - m1;114mm maeKorurràromee mammal; (pl.) Mammalia (a Class of vertebrates) mrioro3Si6 paddle-fish (Polyodon spathula) mHoroméTol-mbiti 1. (adj.) many-celled; 2. (noun) metazoan, (pl.) 1VIetazoa

145 MHOrOKOJI2H9aTble

MHoroxo,aéHLraTbie sea spiders, Pycnogonida, Pantopoda (a Class of arthro- pods) MHOroKO.nlôr-rHHK "manyspines"-freshwater fishes of the family Nandidae acrpHxâHCxHH M. "African manyspines" (Polycentropsis abbreviata) ro)KHoaMepHKâHCxHH M. "Amazon manyspines" (Polycentrus schomburgki) MHOroKOpéHHrdIC big duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) MHoroHÔ)Kxa 1. myriapod; (pl.) Myriapoda-a group of arthropods; 2. polypody (Polypodium)-a fern ry6OH6ra5r M. centipede; (pl.) Chilopoda (a Class of arthropods) RBynapxoH6rast M. millipede; (pl.) Diplopoda (a Class of arthropods) MHOroriëp Polypterus; (pl.) Polypteridae (a family of fishes) aana,l^HoacrpMxâHCxHH M. "Calabar bichir" (Calamoichthys calabaricus) HHAbcxHH M. bichir (Polypterus bichir) MHorocerMéHTHble Polymera (a Superphylum of animals, including anne- lids and arthropods) MHOroyC "manywhiskers" (Cirrhibarbis) KâncKH%I M. "Cape manywhiskers" (C. capensis) MHOroÿcT Polystoma integerrimum-a trematode parasite of tadpoles and frogs eels MHOrotuxn "many-spines" (Polyacanthonotus)-a genus of spiny ( Notacanthidae ) MHorouieTHHKOSbtH (Lrepsb) polychaete (worm); (pl.) Polychaeta (a Sub- class of annelids) MH6?I

MbHSa (adj. MÔI%IBeHHbIIi) capelin, caplin (Mallotus villosus) ,TZaJIbHesocTbqHaH M. Pacific capelin (M. v, socialis) 3axa1[HoaTJIaHT13r-Iecxa5i M. west Atlantic capelin (M. v. villosus) TI3XOOKeâHCKO-BOCTO'IHOaTJiaHTfiLIeCKaSi M. Pacific capelin, east Atlantic capelin (M. v. socialis) MbflKa washer 6apa6âHHax M. drum-washer (for fish) MôKH (N.Z.) moki (Latridopsis ciliaris) MoKTIÔx = ^IxpÔK-ItJIoXT^H-Baikal teal Moxpéu no-see-um, ceratopogonid; (pl.) Ceratopogonidae-tiny biting flies M. x

146 MOKCÿH

MoxCÿH - MyxcÿH-muksun (a whitefish) MoK,Ier6p 1. (Lake Yesei) = BocTOLlHOcx6ApcKHfl cHr-east Siberian whitefish; 2. = MoLIer6p-mochegor whitefish MOJIJIIdeHe3I351, MOJIJII3He3HH, MOJIJII3 aMa36HCKa5i M. "Aniazon molly" (Mollie92esia fo9'992osa) M. jtApa (Mollienesia lyra)-an aquarium fish Moa,alôcK mollusc, mollusk (see also 6oKOHépBHbI1'I, 6op03RmaTO6pIÔxHfl, 6ploxox6rHH, ro,>rosoHÔrxH, roTlOlKâ6epHbII3, ,LjByCTBÔpLIaTbIf^I, 3aZ[HeHiâ- 6epHblIi, KpbIJIOHÔrHI"I, JIërOTMbIi-i, JIOnaTOHÔrIiÎ^, O,IjHOCTBÔpqaTbIIi, IIdH- IjbIpHblli, nepBH14HO?KcMepHbIli, pa3HOHÔrHii) CyXOnÿTHbIIi M. land-living mollusc TyLII2Hble M-KH clam chowder M6jto.tZb juvenile, immature (fish)-"young fish not yet sexually mature; also sometimes = Majtëx" (CFUSSR-compare JtHLIHHKa, MajtëK) Mo,aolKéHKe (also ôMOAOx(eH^ie) reduction in average age of a population, "juvenation" MOJIÔKIi 1. , sperm; 2. testes (of a fish) MOJIOK6 7, milk; 2. fog M6JioT-p916a 1. smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena)-a shark; 2. (pl.) hammerlleads, Sphyrnidae

MoJtoTOralaB hammerhead stork (Scops 2cnabretta) MOJIOTÔK, MOJIOTÔLIeK hammer MOpCKÔIi M. "sea hammer" (Malleus malle2cs)-a clam Mo.nôlIHasI pb16a 1. milkfish, big-jawed jumper (Lactarius lactarius), (pl.) Lactariidae; 2. = xaxoc-milkfisll Mo,nb 1. moth; 2. = 03ëpHbiH ro,ahslH-lake minnow MopcKâst M. sea moth, sea dragon (Pegasus volitans); (pl.) Pegasidae sea moths, MôJIbBa ling (111olva 2aZolva) ro,ay6âsl M. blue ling (Molva dypterygia = M. brykelange) Cpe,ijl43eMHOM6pCKaSI M. Spanish ling (M. q9aacrophtlaalma) MOMéHT 1. factor, feature; 2. numerical value, level; 3. instant, moment (of time); 4. (phys. ) moment M. HHépuHH moment of inertia Môxaxo an early-spawning form of chuni salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) found in Kamcllatka MoHâx 1. monk; 2. (also MoHâulxa) -JtâcTOT4Ka(2)-"swalloiv-fish" MopcKÔH M. skilfish (Brilepis zonifer) MoxorexoxRô3 monogenosis-a general naine for skin and gill diseases caused by monogenetic trematodes; see also RaxTI-I,norHp63 MoxoRâxxa Monodacna, a freshwater clam Moxonmalcoq)5pbi :Vlonoplacophora. (a mainly extinct Class of molluscs, represented by the living Areopiligaa) MOHOTÔHHO 1. Inonoto110liSly ; 2. (math.) monotonically, uninterruptedly

147 mopa mopa Mora—a genus of gadoid fishes aBc.rpamcKasi M. Australian Mora (M. dannevigi) cpe,gmemHom6pcKa5 M. Mediterranean Mora (M. mediterranea) môpBoHr 1. (Aust.) morwong (Dactylopagrus morwong); 2. (pl.) mor- wongs, Cheilodactylidae—see also „a.)Kaicàc môp,aa, mopà 1. snout; 2. the trap or pen of a fish weir m6pe sea ibxcnbie mopsi 1. southern seas (Caspian, Black and Azov); 2. South Seas, southern oceans (South Atlantic, South Pacific and Indian) mopeicon = TêNIHIDIrl PO p 61.;Idlb ( 1 )—ombre mopx walrus (Odobaenus rosmarus) mopmirya spaghetti eel (Moringua edwardsi) rasàflutag M. "Hawaiian spaghetti eel" (M. hawaiiensis) mopmmp snoutfish (Mormyrus)—see also caoHopbui mopmxpoame = KJIMB opbmbie—Mormyridae mopmmponc Hilabcicasi myKa.—"Nile pike" mopmÉmi an insect found in Ural lakes, possibly = 3Bouéu onywëuxbifl iviopmgrunca mormyshka—a lure used in angling, mainly under the ice mopoiaÉle Moridae—a family of fishes mopoemea. Terek sandpiper (Xenus cinerea) mop6meimmt -=- cpée,H14i1 xpe ■ Humen—whimbrel mopcK6II sea (adj.), marine, maritime, nautical (for names beginning with mopcK6fi, see under the corresponding noun) mopmMuicrEA rugose mopmfammc "wrinkled water beetle" (Helophorus) mopsimta long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) mocKAT 1. psychodid fly of the genus Phlebotomus; 2. mosquito M. llannaTâtufbei "Papatasi'S moth fly" (P. papatasii)—carrier of several human diseases Mocpbffirrry3 Mosrybvtuz—MocK6Beme TexxMleclalil 1/1HCTIITT pe6Hoil

FlpomgmmemocTH H Xo3;iilc-rEta (now Kaapm6Erry3) mo-nisi 1. bag (of a seine); 2. belly (of a trawl); 3. heart (of a trapnet) mo-rosùao, moToidum,a guide, line holder (on a fishing rocl) moTofiesoAxmc a small motorized craft used for hauling drag seines in shallow water mo-rôpica movement (during development of egg or embryo) MOTIDIJIëK 1. butterfly, moth; 2. freshwater flyingfish (Pantodon buch- holtei) moTÉrab midge larva, bloodworm (family Chironomidae = Tendipedidae) MOTIDIJIbKOBbIe freshwater flyingfishes, freshwater , Panto- dontidae

148 MO X

MOX (gen . MXa) moss xpaIâHACKHH M. 1. Irish moss (Cliondrus crispus-an alga) ; 2 . carrageen, carrageenin (a product prepared from Irish moss ) Moxâppa mojarra; (pl.) Gerreidae xp,nâHACKax M . Irish pompano (Diapterus olisthostomus) oÔbIKHOBéHHan M. spotfin mojarra (Eucinostomus argenteus) IIRTHI3CTaH M . spotted mojarra (Gerres punctatus) Moxapposbie moja.rras, Gerreidae, Gerridae MoTierôp "mochegor whitefish" (Coregonus pidscTaian molcscTzegor) MôliKa 1. cirrus, filament; 2. lobe ; 3. wetting Môluxa 1 . black fly, buffalo gnat ; (pl.) Simuliidae ; 2. = 3BOHéu-midge ; 3. (pl.) small flies in general, KpoBOcOC~IuaH M . = M61IIKa(1 ) pe'qHâx M. black fly (Signnlium galeratum, etc. ) MoiuKâpxa (\Teva R .) a pslrtyiuxa less than about 10 cm long MÔIijHOCTb 1 . power ; 2. capacity, potential ; 3. numerical abundance M. noxoJIéHI-Ix abundance (or strength) of a year-clas s MpaMOpxxK 1 . cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmorata) ; 2. (pl.) Scorpae- nichthyidae (usually included in Cottidae ) Mpéxca = Mepéxca MpHrâafa, MpHrâjtb mrigala (Cirrhina mrigala)-an Indian commercial cyprinid MCPT see Tpâyne p Myxocpx,aë3 mueophilosis-a disease of carp affecting the gills, and marked by the presence of the one-celled parasitic organism Mucophilus cyprini, variously referred to the algae or the fung i MyxCÿH (adj . MyxcÿHxH) "muksun"-a whitefish (Coregonus muksun) 03ëpHbrii M "lake muksun" (C. mulcsun lacustris )

MyJIbTHIiJIHKâTOp 1 . (math .) multiplier ; 2 . geared reel (for angling) MyH,i[y, MyHj[yIIIKa (E Siberia) = 03ëpHbIli roJIbSIH-"lake minnow" (Phoxinus percnurus )

Mypéxa 1 . moray (Muraena helena) ; 2. (pl .) = Mypéxosble AJtHHHopbl,nax M . "longsnout moray" (Muraenesox ferox) 3eJlëHan M . green moray (Gymnothorax funebris) MpâMOpxasl M. "marbled moray" (Symbranchus marmoratus) M. KxAaxo "Kidako moray" (Gymnothorax kidako) IIxTHHCTasI M . "spotted moray" (Gymnotis carapo) cpe,tiH3eMHOM6pcxa5l M. "Mediterranean moray" (Muraena helena) 14ëpxa5l M . "black moray" (Gymnotltorax saxicola ) sIAoBATau M . "poison moray" (Gymnothorax ocellatus) Mypéxa-exAAHa "dusky moray" (Echidna nebulosa) MypéxoBble morays, moray eels, Muraenidae MypeHOÜ[~Ka = OCTp03y6bIIi ~rOpb-pike conger MypeHOLI.j~KOBble pike congers, Muraenesocida e

149 myp3à myp3à, myp3àK, myp93 1. = TépcicHii ycàq—Tera barbel; 2. = ycàq—Kura barbel mypuà 1. mursa (Barbus mursa); 2. = KypIHCKMui ycàq myccox monsoon (wind) mSrrxqK a Danish seine used in lakes (Andreev) Mixa 1. housefly; 2. (pl.) Brachycera; 3. any kind of fly (Diptera) muiàxxa bryozoan, polyzoan, moss animal; (pl.) Bryozoa, Polyzoa (a Phylum of animals) roaoperrme M-KM Gymnolaemata (a Subclass of bryozoans) nophiToperrbie M-K1,1 Phylactolaemata (a Subclass of bryozoans) mbHcÉDKa = mm

mywormdcasi (pù6a) = TOJICTOK6)1(aSI am-Squxa - pÉd6a— smooth lumpsucker miTa mint (lgentha)

150 I

HaBâra (adj. HaBâxcHii) 1. = césepHasi H.; 2. any species of Eleginus j[adIbHeBOCT61IHaH H. = BâXHSi-saffron cod eBpoIIéÎ^ICKaSi H. = CéBepHaH H. céBepxasl H. (Atlantic) navaga (Eleginus navaga) TIixooxeAHCKaH H. = B1XHH Hasécxa 1. weight; 2. bateh; 3. hinge; 4. - Hasécxa 1000 uITyK-the weight of 1000 fish, in kilograms HâBOJtoK 1. cape, point; 2. overthrust (geol.) HarJt{I,I[HbiIi 1. intuitive; 2. visualized; 3. graphic, striking, obvious, clear Hâropeq (gen. Hâropua) +`nagorets" (Schizopygopsis stoliczkai)-a cypri- nid fish of central Asia Harÿ,il feeding migration, foraging excursion, growing period (the part of the year devoted to feeding and growing, as opposed to reproduction)- this word and its compounds include the ideas both of feeding and of increasing in size or fatness. HarÿjtHBaTb, Hary,>iflTb to forage, to feed and grow Harÿ,aHBaloluHHcsl foraging, growing Harblul (Pechora region) "White Sea smelt" (Osmerus mordax dentex, form dvinensis) ne,IÔpcKHH H. "Pechora smelt" (a freshwater form of the above) HaABHCÔTIHaH (KOCTb) supratemporal (bone) HapLRÿWbe middle part of a trap net, behind the wings and throats Ha,z•IéJIKa plane (on a net float, to give it increased lifting force when in motion) HaRxtâ6epxblH epibranchial, suprabranchial, above the gills H. ôpraH labyrinth (of gouramis, snakeheads, etc.) Ha.ij3aTbIJI6^IHaH (KOCTb) supraoccipital (bone)

Ha,1jKJIâcC Silperclass

Ha,RKJIK)LII3LIHafi (KOCTb) supracleithrum

Ha}KfIBa, Ha?KI'IBKa bait (for hook-and-line fishing gear)-either natural or artificial Ha?KHBJISiTb, Ha1KHBfiTb to bait (a hook) Ha3éMbIŸI terrestrial, land (as opposed to aquatic) HaxRa Nais-a genus of oligochaetes HaKHAKa cast-net, throw-net HIKJIÔH slope (of a line on a graph) HaKopMJIeHHOCTb 1. amount of food in the stomach, or in the whole digestive tract; 2. = fiHiZeKC HaIIOJIHéHH51

151 HaK6THHHa

HaK6THHga. = H0K6THHIla HaTIH136 11HbIe infusorians, Infusoria (microscopie water animais) Haaùm (adj. Haxermxii) 1. (freshwater) burbot (Lota iota); 2. (SE Atl.) = amepmâncianl (mopceri) H. red hake (Urophycis chuss) 6éamil (mopcxedi) H. (NW Atl.) white hake (Urophycis tenuis) 6pa3embcKHri (mopcx1511) H. Brazilian hake (Urophycis brasiliensis) Hocrô4mocH6Apcniti H. = TOHKOXBÔCTbIrl H. roayMil H. (NW Atl.) blue antimora (Antimora rostrata = A. viola) ,munmonëphiel H. (W Atl.) longfin hake (Phycis chesteri) 3à11a1I,HOTHX00KeàHCKH11 H. = TOHKOX1315CTIDHI H. icânexml (mopcK611) H. "Cape rockling" (Gaidropsarus capensis) KOpHeuleBbIii H. (NW Atl.) spotted hake (Urophycis regius) Kpâc (mopcKUH) H. (NW Atl.) red hake, squirrel hake (Urophycis chuss) mopcx6fi H. 1. (NE Atl.) = x9K—hake; 2. (NE Atl.) greater fork-beard (Phycis blennoides); 3. (NW Atl.) silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis); 4. (NW Atl.) red hake and other species of Urophycis; 5. (SW Atl.) "Brazilian hake" (Urophycis brasiliensis); 6. the various rocklings (Gaidropsarus, etc.—see below) HHTeriêphie HaJlentIbI genera Phycis and Urophycis HOB03eJlà.H,aCKHR (M0pCK6ei) H. New Zealand rockling (Gaidropsarus novae-zealandiae) noasipHmil H. northern rockling (Gaidropsarus argentatus = Ciliata septentrionalis) nyrrHSrchnl H. five-bearded rockling (Mote lla mustela = Ciliata mustela) cériepHbiri (mopcx6P) H. "American deepwater rockling" (Gaidropsarus ensis) cpe,m3emHomôpcKHR (Tpbq'Tchei) mopcx61 H. shore rockling (Gœidrop- sarus mediterraneus = Mote lla or Onos tricirratus) THxooxeàHcitHiLmopcx6ii H. Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) TOHKOX136CTbdi H. (freshwater) "thin-tailed burbot" (Lota iota leptura) Tpëxnêpmei H. "three-fin hake" (Tripterophycis gilchristi)—a morid fish TpêxSrcbiti mopcxôfi H. (NE Atl.) three-beardecl rockling (Gaildropsarus vulgaris, G. mediterraneus) yckrbie mopeRHe HaaAmu Gaidropsarus, Ciliata and Enchelyopus tieThipêxSrcbdi (mopcx(511) n. (N Atl.) fourbeard rockling (Enchelyopus cimbrius = Rhinonemus cimbrius) Iti)KHbirl H. (S Afr.) "southern ling" (Physiculus marginatus, P. capensis) 51116HCKHei (mopcK611) H. "Pacifie rockling" (Gaidropsarus pacificus) HaJiHmlunc diminutive of Haahm mopcm511 H. = CpeAH3eMHOIVII5pCKHR M0pCi(6fi HajleIM HaHRep "nander" (Nandus nandus)—an aquarium fish Hanzioable Nandidae—a family of tropical freshwater fishes HaHHonépxa (Aust.) "little perch" (Nannoperca australis) HaHHocrôma pencilfish (Nannostoma)—small characinoid fishes Tpbtnom5casi H. "three striped pencilfish" (N. trifasciatus) HaHOHJIaHKV5H, HaHHOIIJIaHitTem nanoplankton (plankton too small to be caught by nets)

152

HaH6C

Hafx5c alluvium FI. necità sand bar HaHockHeT63 nanophyetosis, salmon disease of dogs—infestation of rac- coons, dogs, etc. (rarely man) by the trematode Nanophyetus, acquired by eating raw salmon Hànaan. (or Hanommcà) float, cork (for a net) H. y MOTHII a float for the bag or codend of a net HanoméHHe fullness (see also AH,xexc) HanoTa (Georgian) = gepHo6p6ma—"blackbrow" Hanpaméme 1. concept; 2. trend; 3. direction ocHomiôe H. 1. basic concept; 2. main trend HanpsnxéHHe 1. tension, stress; 2. intensity; 3. voltage H. xorixypémeni see x0Hxypérm,Hn Hanpg)KëHHOCTb tension, strain H. imulempix oTHoméHHei = ranuesà51 KOHKypéH1114H— competition for food Hapsà.71 narwhal (Monodon monoceros) Hapwx,xeHHbill new-born, of the current year's generation Hacex6moe insect; (pl.) Insecta (a Class of arthropods) Hace.néme population (of man or animais) (see also xpmân) EmpTyàabHoe H. virtual population (=_ IWOMIDICJIÔBH0e H.) npombica6HHoe H. utilized population (the sum of all the fish, of the year-classes present in a given year, that are caught during that year or subsequently) HaCTâBHIIK schoolmaster (Lutjanus apodus) Hàynaml, Hàynanyc nauplius—a developmental stage of crustaceans Hayrnmut, HayTerayc nautilus; (pl.) Nautiloidea (a Subclass of cephalopods) Ha94nio-Hccae,x0HâTeabcxHII research (adj.) HaXbICT 500 JI1513JIYI Hal,ga bushy pondweed, naiad (Najas flexilis) Heacxyés blackspot disease, neascosis—infestation of the skin of fishes by larvae of Neascus, a trematode He6amin leptostracan; (pl.) Leptostraca (an Order of malacostracan crusta- ceans) HMHaH (xocTb) palatine (bone) HMo palate HéBo,u (pl. HeBo,e) 1. seine; 2. trap net; 3. other kinds of nets 6.7m3Hen6Hufk H. a seine hauled by two boats, similar to a 3an1,anoil 03êpHbIII HéBO,a (2111dreeV) ,/FàTCKFIPI H. Danish seine (according to F. I. Baranov, a gear of Russian origin) Anyxcaintembul H. a trap net having two hearts gôHHbill H. 1. trap net (set completely submerged); 2. Danish seine IIO,LIBHAHÔII H. = ,aàTCKI4FI Fl.

153 HéBO,TF

.zJôHHbIf cTaBHedi H. trap net, deep trap net ,aperepHbill H. drift net, floating gill net (usually ,upirepHan ceTb) 3amaH611 H. drag seine, haul seine, shore seine, beach seine (any seine which occupies the full depth of water, from surface to bottom) 3an6pHb1I H. blocking seine KOLlIeJlbKÔBIDIfi H. purse seine wy6âncwHri H. a trap net having a single heart 06KPI,1H5e1 Fi. a circular seine with a pocket, set from a small vessel (China) 0,IFF10.110B371111COBbIrl CTHBHUI H. a trap net having a single heart neaarimecwH'É H. pelagic seine (purse seines and lampara nets) HoAsecH6fi (c.raHH(511) H. floating-lead trap net (the lead does not reach the bottom) no.nyno,asecHUI H. a trap net with lead partly free from the bottom pâmoBbill H. small trap net with a rectangular frame opening pacH6pHhdi H. a drag seine (3a.wH,moi‘i H.), usually of uniform depth except for the bag, that is set and hauled up at some distance from shore, using two boats ceaé,z(otuibill H. herring weir cemS7wHil H. (Pechora region) salmon weir crameml H. 1. (entirely under water, used mainly in lakes)—trap net, deep trap net; 2. (attached to piles that protrude above water and used to catch salmon in the sea)—trap net; 3. (the same, used to catch herring or mackerel)—weir, herring weir; 4. (the same, used in lakes)—pound net

cramiôil H. c ricInepétHibm caem trap -net with transverse hearts cré>KeHHbik H., cTpaceBbrfal H. a long haul-seine (used in rivers to reach out to mid-channel or crpé)teHb) CTSDRHI5e1 H. haul seine Tsir.nosbnI H., 11h-cab-HI H. haul seine, drag seine Hea6RHHit a barge or boat used in hauling drag seines HeBoew a small seine Héao,atmw = rop6oH6c.bill Typnân—white-winged scoter He,1,o,n6H poor catch (of fish) He3a6Suwa. 6o.nerrHaH marsh forget-me-not (Myosotis palustris) HesHàxa 1. hybrid whitefishes in general (Coregonus); 2. (Kolyma R.) C. autumnalis X C. lavaretus pidschian Hell3HecTK6Hbie Incalcarea (a Class of sponges) Héen3a. "neiva" (Salvelinus neiva)—a char found in lakes of the Okhota R. basin HaCTOH 1. neuston (organisms or particles found on or in the top layer of water, down to about 5 cm); 2. = 3HHHélICTOH Hewrep nekter—an individual member of the nekton Heicr6H nekton (swimming organisms, especially large ones) Héabma 1. inconnu, nelma (Stenodus leucichthys netma); 2. (lower Amur) mcurroLuëic—Elopichthys bambusa Héjibmyunca "Lake Kuben whitefish" (Coregonus lavaretus nelmuschka)

154 Hemavraesa

HemaTaa63a fish of the genus Nentatalosa—small tropical gizzard shads nn6Hcican H. Japanese Nematalosa (N. japonica) HemaTom6p4mibril (Hepnb) roundworm (broad sense); (pl.) Nernatohel- minthes (a Phylum of animals—now usually subdivided) HemepTi4Ha nemertinean; (pl.) Nemertea, Nemertinea, Nemertini—a Phylum (or Class) of worm-like animals BOOppicëlibre Hemep-rfinm Enopla HesoopyxcéHHNe HemepTimi Anopla Hemm-rrépoBbie besugos, Nemipteridae—a family of fishes Hemenc = HépHasi KaApica—brant HeHyaena' not zero HeoréH, Heorémundi Neogene (= later Tertiary—Miocene to Recent) Héou neon (Ilyphessobrycon innesi)—a tropical characinid fish HpâcHbirl H. "red neon" (Hyphessobrycon cardinalis, also Cheirodon axelrodi) HêpHiel H. "black neon" (Cheirodon herbertctxelrodi) Heocxoneaonbie Neoscopelidae—a family of cleepwater fishes Her103B0H6 11H0e invertebrate (animal); (pl.) Invertebrata HepanHomlinacTHmil (xsocT) heterocercal (tail) HepamoHàabHbiff excessive (of a fishery) Hépe,a a wicker basket with funnel for trapping lampreys—several are placed along a weir Hepe3éHb = cépaH Srrica—gadwall Hepeeiga sea worm (Nereis) HépecT spawning nopumôrimpik' H. intermittent spawning, spawning by stages, batch spawning Hepecni.unne spawning grounds, breeding area npoTôzume nom5gHoe H. spawning ground situated in a side channel on the flood plain of a river HepeCTIO1UHR spawning (adj.) Hepwremecmet neritic, shoreward (as opposed to pelagic) HépHyc = oty,a&KHasi naabsi—Ludoga char Hépica (gen. pl. HepoK) sockeye (salmon) (Oncorhynchus nerka) (see also Hsipma, KpâcHaFt) je110.71HeiTeJlbHaH H. OCTâTOI1HaSi H. }KHJIàH H. kokanee (sockeye of stocks living in fresh water) itapaHrconan H. 1. = OCTâTOTIHaS1 H.; 2. = ?KHASI H. oc-rà-roluiasi H. residual sockeye (non-anadromous progeny of anadromous sockeye) rayricKaH H. = ()Beg Hépna 1. = icélabHaTaH H.; 2. any small seal (see also TroaéHb) 6akKàzbcKan H. Baikal seal .(Phoca sibirica) Kacnàficican H. Caspian seal (Phoca caspica)

155 Hépna

KbabliaTan H. ringed seal (Phoca hispida) MITHACTaS1 H. harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) CépaH H. =105.71bilaTail H. HecermeurnpoBaHnbie ()KHBÔTHbIe) unsegmented animals, Amera (a Super- phylum that includes flatworms, acanthocephalans, roundworms and nemertineans) HeTonupenbie batfishes, Ogcocephalidae HeTônbipb 1. bat; 2. batfish, (pl.) Ogcocephalidae; 3. spadefish, (pl.) Ephippidae aTaaHTnnemen H. Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber) ,MCKOBbill H. (SE Asia) "disc batfish" (Halieutaea) ,r0HHHopgrabnl H. longnose batfish (Ogcocephalus vespertilio) 3Bé3,MaTbIel J_IHCKOBIDIfi H. "starry batfish" (Halieutaea stellata) 1COpOTKOp1L1IbIf H. (Atl.) shortnose batfish (Ogcocephalus nasutus) mopcK6ii H. 1. = xopoTKopgiabiri H.; Z. leaf-fish, "round batfish" (Platax orbicularis); 3. (pl.) Ogcocephalidae céTnaTbel ,glICKOBbill H. "reticulate batfish" (Halieutaea retifera) TaxooKeaHcKnel H. Pacific spadefish (Chaetodipterus zonatus) HeTTacTômoHme duck-billed eels, Nettastomidae Hecppompw63 nephromycosis—a fungus disease of the kidney in carp Hen,néHacTbei unarticulated, not segmented ueunta neshka whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus neschka)

HmrpùTa 1. = Ko6lln — cobia; 2. "nigrita" (Elacata nigra); 3. Warsaw grouper (Epinephelus nigritus) umrpirroubie cobias, sergeantfishes, Rachycentridae HmKepoT Hypostomus—a Paraguayan catfish muoier.n6To4mas1 (KocTb) lower pharyngeal (bone) HYDICHeHOKI,F131PIHaSI (KocTb) hypohyal bone riK>KuetiednocTuà.H (KocTb) dentary (bone), (lower) jaw boue Husema swale HliTeabCbI netting, cargo net HwreHoceu "threadfin" (Trichogaster, etc.) >KemHSoKHbHl H. "pearly threadfin" (Trichogaster leeri) asumycou. H. "Ialia" (Colisa lalia) HnTenép 1. (Aust.) threadfin (Eleutheronema)—see also naabuenép; 2. (Aust.) perch (Nemadactylus macropterus)—see also ,a}KaKac; 3. (E Asia) besugo (Nemipterus virgatus) KpacHbifi H. =- FIIIÔHCKel H. no.nocàTbul H. besugo (Nemipterus virgatus) 5inemcKm1 H. Japanese besugo (Nemipterus japonicus) HliTenëpme besugos, Nemipteridae—a family of fishes HnTexH6cTme snipe eels, Nemichthyidae HATKa. thread, string, twine (see also HHTb) nocàRoiniasi H. hanging twine (in hanging nets) 156 HFITIlà-nca

HPIVATKa filamentous alga HrrnaTo)kà6epHme Filibranchia (a Suborder of clams) Hentra.rbei (tiepsh) nematode; (pl.) Nematoda (a Phylum of roundworms) HI4Tb thread, string (see also minca) XBOCT013à51 H. cercus (of insects); (pl.) cerci Henna niche HOB0p0aCi(ëHHIDIII new-born, of the current year's generation Hos3'nepa Olympic mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi) Horà (of molluscs) foot nedmicâHbsi H. pelican's foot—a kind of whelk (Aporrhais pes-pelicani) Horonëphie goosefishes, Lophiidae HorerrHHHa = HOICÔTHFILla HoroxH6crea springtail; (pl.) Collembola. H. BOMIllà51 water flea (Podura aquatica) HO* knife

Hômc - pÉi6a 1. razorfish knife-fish, needle-fish (Centriscus); 2. shrimpfish (Aeoliscus strigatus; ; 3. (pl.) Centriscidae ,aaHHHœueman H. "longspine razorfish" (Centriseus eristatus) màaafl H. little razorfish (Centriscus scutatus) 06BucHoséHHast H. shrimpfish, common razorfish (Aeoliscus strigatus)

HOmee3S/6 1. (Aust.) knife - jaw (Ostorhinchus conwaii) ; 2. = 110J10CâTETII

ormerHa-r—banded rock bream; 3. (pl.) rock breams, Hoplegnathidae

Hmke-rémca knife - fish; (pl.) Rhamphichthyidae 3eaëHaH H. "green knife-fish" (Eigenntanniella virescens) qëpHaH H. "black knife-fish" (A.pteronotus albifrons)—of the family Sternarchidae Hoa,apsi nostril HOICÔTHYILJa spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) HOKTI4JHbKa = HotiecHénta HoméeHbre man-of-war fishes, Nomeidae (often included in Stromateidae) Homéri man-of-war fish (Nonzeus) amaIrrfulecicHii H. (Atlantic) man-of-war fish (N. gmnovii) THxooxeàficKari H. Pacific man-of-war fish (N. albula) Hopég floral-um, qômra—grebe HÔpica mink amepHicàHcKaH H. American mink (Mustela vison) espciliét,IcKaH H. old-world mink (Mustela lutreola) Hôpma 1. standard, norm; 2. rate H. alecnayaTàHHH rate of exploitation HopmHp6ma (math.) normalization

Hopb = raràpa —loon. Hoc 1. nose; 2. cape (in northern waters)

157 HOcâpb

HOCâpb (Ukr., HoCâp) "Don ruffe" (Acerina acerina) Hocopôr-pb16a unicornfish, nosefis h 0,RHOp6rHH H . one-horned unicornfish (Naso unicornis) HOT-6anxa gallows (on a fishing vessel ) HOTaKâHTOBble spiny eels, Notacanthida e HOTâJIbHbII%i notal (the region in the southern hemisphere corresponding to the boreal in the north ) HoTO6paI-IX Notobranchus-an African genus of cyprinodonts HOTOJIénHC aHTapKTI3tIeciCHli antarctic Notolepis (N . coatsi) HoTOnTep "featherback" (Notopterus)-see also cnHHOnëp HOTOIITepOBble HOTOCIfoIIeJI patchwork lampfish (Notoscopelus resplendens) HOTOTéHIdHjÿbI Nototheniidae, a family of southern-hemisphere fishes HOTOTéHHSI Notothenia MpâMOpIIaH H . marbled Notothenia (N. rossi marmorata) cépax H . "grey Notothenia" (N . squamifrons) cxHerôpaasl H . "blue-throatcd Notothenia" (N . cyaneobrancha) Ci~iHSISI H . "blue Notothenia" (N . macrocephala ) r-IeluyerjIâ3asl H. "scaly-eyed Notothenia" (N. Icempi) HOTOTéHH51-IUxpoxojI66xa "broad-headed Notothenia" (N . cor~iceps neg- lecta) HoqeCBéTKa Noctiluca-a luminous marine protozoan HotIHIilua a bat of the genus Myotis BoAxHâH H . "water bat" (M. daubentoni) HyJtbeBâst rpÿnna zero group, fish of age 0 H~rpHSI coypu, nutria (Myocastor coypu) HbIpéu. = t15Mra or IIorhHKa-greb e HbIpÔK pochard, redhead, and allied ducks (genus Aythya-in part) 6eJIorJIA3bIIi H . white-eyed pochard, ferruginous duck (A. nyroca) EépoB H. = H. Bépa BOCTÔLIHbIIi 6eJIorJIâ3bIIÎ H . = H . Bépa xpaCHOroJIÔBbIÎI H . pochard (A . f er2na) KpacxoHÔCbI%I H . red-crested pochard (A . rufina ) Kp1CHbIIi H . = KpaCHOHÔCbIŸi H . H . Eépa eastern white-e,yed duck (A . baeri) XOXJI1TbIIi H . = XOXJIâTaSI LIépHeTb-tufted duck HIÔHbKa bur-reed (Sparganium ) HSiHbKa = yCâTaH aK~JIa-nurse shark IISIpKa original form of Hépxa, in the Tungus and Lamut languages (Berg )

158 o o6é,runue southeast wind o6e3pgi6aerme depletion (of fish from a body of water) o6e3pgr6.11eFmbift made free of fish (as by poisoning a lake) o6e3pgnfinsaime emptying (a pond, etc.) of fish, removal of fish (from a pond, etc.) o6eciezemsàrme removal of mucilage (a treatment given to sturgeon eggs in hatcheries so they will not stick to containers or to each other) o6ecnétieuriocrb 1. provision, providing; 2. prosperity, well-being KOpM0E3à51 O. = O. 1114111ég O. murlék food supply ("food present in a body of water that its fish are capable of consuming and digesting"—Borutsky, 1959) o6eT6F1 (L. Baikal) following -wind 06fLiare abundance (see also IIJI6TH0CTb) o. rionymigHH population abundance oTHocàTeablioe o. relative abundance npombicaôsoe o. commercial abundance o6ahamiame seining (fishing by encircling the fish) ■56.nacrb 1. region; 2. province, district; 3. zoogeographical region (on land)—includes the eight listed below (see also 36Ha) aseTpainlecitan o. Australian Region—includes Australia, New Guinea and the Pacific oceanic islands awrapicrielecKafl o. Antarctic Region ro.napicrùqecKaH o. Ho'arctic Region—includes the arctic and temperate parts of the northern hemisphere

ini,Ro - maaMcKasi O. Indo-Malayan Region HeapredmecRaH o. Nearctic Region—the western-hemisphere component of the Holarctic Heo-rponevecieafl o. Neotropical Region—tropics of the western hemisphere nazeapwrAgecxag o. Palaearctic Region—the eastern-hemisphere compo- nent of the Holaretic 3c1m5ncitaff Q Ethiopian Region—Africa south of the Sahara o6,716a 1. fishing (off); 2. removals (from a fish stock); 3. seining o6.719.xa = naoTsà —roach o6méli 1. exchange; 2. metabolism (short for o6mén BenecTB) aicrenmibul O. active metabolism o. noRési resting metabolism, basal metabolism 66amil o. total metabolism 06Éituibei o. routine metabolism, normal metabolism OCHOBI-1611 O. basal metabolism rmacTffilecmil O. metabolism associated with muscular activity cTaRepnihnl o. standard metabolism o6Hoszélme 1. renewal; 2. = nonomiéfille—recruitment o6o3Hatiérme 1. (math.) notation; 2. designation

159 o6co6Lnca o60n6IIKa 1. envelope, jacket; 2. membrane, shell (of a fish egg) o6ecx.neéimayi o. see Tixpà. o6m6Iiimic tunicate, sea-squirt; (pl.) Tunicata, Urochorda (a Subphylum of animals) o6op6T overturn (of a lake) 456pa3 mui3Eni mode of life, habits 06paluérixe 1. conversion; 2. inversion; 3. (math.) transformation o6p6cT, o6pacTàime encrusting organisms, fouling organisms (periphyton and associated animals—Ger. Aufwuchs) 66pyti hoop (of a fyke net, barrel, etc.) o6cTailôrtica situation, conditions npombicalhasi o. fishing conditions: "the complex of all natural factors that affect the conduct and results of fishing" (Konstantinov) 06xsâT 1. girth; 2. circumference o6.beg,HHATeab (in taxonomy) lumper 0613éxT 1. object, item; 2. subject (of an experiment); 3. specimen; 4. species (considered as an object of study) 061Am 1. bulk, weight; Z. (phys.) volume; 3. size; 4. scope o. cpe,zr,gt (ecol.) environmental capacity o6.bsi4éexiibul enmeshed, gilled, caught (in a net) 06'bHgef1na-rbe1 to become enmeshed, entangled, or gilled (in a net) óBeq a form of sockeye from the Ola River system on the northern coast of the , described as O. nerka ovetsch Taliev (a Tungus name) oser6imeBbie Owstoniidae—a family of fishes otidnixa 1. = Bepx6mca—Leueaspius delineatus; 2. bunting (species of Emberiza s. 1.) xambilnénag, xambini6Bas1 or TpocTme1x6nasi o. reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) ôraph ruddy sheldrake (Tadorna ferruginea) ormbo 1. flint; 2. hanging line (line threaded through the marginal meshes of a net, and tied at intervals to the cork line or lead line); 3. the distance between the knots where the hanging line is tied to the cork-line or lead-line orpSiA0K gravel orypéu (gen. orype) cucumber BÉITSIHyTbIll M0pC1C6 14. O. "elongate sea-cucumber" (Cucuma,ria elongata) raàjucmil mopcx6e1 o. "smooth sea-cucumber" (Cucumaria lubrica) ae,Luni6a mopcK611 a. "arctic sea-cucumber" (Cucumaria glacialis) mopcx6ii o. 1. sea-cucumber, holothurian, (pl.) Holothuria -= Holo- thurioidea (a Class of echinoderms—see also FOTIOTSTIMS1); 2. Beroe—a comb-jelly

cempoaTaauremecickul mopcK611 o. "Atlantic sea - cucumber" (Cucumwria frondosa)

160 orypéu

TpëXCBéTHbIÎ3 MOpCKb?f O. " three-colored sea-cucumber" (Cucumaria tri- Colo9') 5iII6HCKIdIi MOpCKbii O. "Japanese sea-cucumber" (Cucumaria japonica) orypér-IHHK 1. (Pac.) pond smelt, silver smelt (Hppomesus olidus); 2. (Arctic and Kamchatka) arctic smelt (0smerus mordax dentex) oAHHéu rock, reef (serious hazard to navigation) OAHOBepIiHÎHHbIÎi unicuspid oAHO3HâqHbIK (math.) single-valued OAHOKpbIIIIeqKOBble Monoplacophora (a Class of primitive molluscs) O,i(HOJIërolIHble (pb16bI) Monopneumones O,i[HOJIéTHHK annual (plant) OAHOJIéTOK year-old (fur seal, fish)-see B63pacT O,i[HOOTBépCTHble Synaphobranchidae-a family of eels O,i(HOpSi,iIHbIIi uniserial, in one row

OAHOCTBÔpqaTbIIi (MOJIJIIÔCK) snail, gastropod, univalve; (pl.) Gastropoda o,t{HOqealôcTHble Monognathidae-a family of deepwater fishes oAoHTajtHH Odonthalia-a marine alga O,aOHTOCTÔM "toothmouth" (0dontostomus atratus)-an oceanic fish 61KxKa woodrush (Luzula) 03ëpKa (Sui-fun) = MaHT3)KÿpCKHÎd O3ëpHbIŸI rOJlbsiH-`+ Manchurian lake minnow" o3eprc5 small lake 03ëpHblli lacustrine, lake (adj.) b3epo lake O3I3MbIii hiemal-of a.nadromous fishes, one that enters a river or ap- proaches the mouth of a river with poorly developed sexual products, and which must remain overwinter in (or close to) the river before becoming mature (Berg, 1948, p. 212) (compare HpoBÔi-I) oKâpxa (Eur.) axillary bream (Pagellus acarne = P. oweni) ôKO eye Ile6écxoe o. "eye of heaven"-a variety of goldfish OKOJIOpoTOBUI adoral, circumoral oKocTeHeB1Tb to ossify OKTOMIiTÔ3 octomitosis (a fish disease caused by the protozoan Octomitus) oxyxeBftRHble fishes of the Suborder OKyxëBble perches, Percidae oxyxeo6pâ3Hble or Acanthopterygii (an Order of fishes) oKyHeWÿKOBble Percesoces (an Order of fishes)

ÔKyHb (see also ëpui) 1. (Eur.) perch (Perca fluviatilis); 2. (Am.) _ ?KeTITbIfi O.; 3. (incorrectly) = BOCbMHJIHHéI3HbIA T2pHyr; 4. variouS other fishes-see below

161 (.5KyHb

(mopcK6R) o. shortspine channel rockfish (Sebastolobus alascanus) amepnrcâncunil o. 1. = ytuàcTbei o.; 2. = >xëJITbIel O.; 3. (Atl.) Sebastes fasciatus aTaarrrùqecxnn' mopcxon O. = 30.710TACTbig O. 6aaxàiumul o. Balkhash perch (Perca schrenki) 6eao6pD5xlig O. pigmy rockfish (Sebastes wilsoni) 6éabei mopcxôei o. white sea bass (Lates calcarifer) 6ecny31;ipnbie 0-HM "bladderless rockfishes" (Helicolenus) 6ecny3àpFibiil o. "rosefish" (Helicolenus hitgenclorfi) 60abu1erabbill o. (Aust.) red bullseye (Priacanthus); (pl.) Priacan- thidae 6oabweperrbdi (liépnbnI) o. largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) 60JHDLIKel AëJITbIei 0. = 60J1b11.16ftKëJITbI l'Op6111b 6pa3M.TIbeliel Kâmennuft o. "Brazilian sea bass" (Acanthistius brasilianus) 6pHTIJIawroBbIll O. "brilliant sunfish" (Enneacanthus obesus)

6Yphi'n Kb/lei-nu:el o. (Am., Eur.) wreekfish, (S Afr.) bafaro, pufaro (Polyprion americanus) Bapnrâncimil Kâmermbiii o. Warsaw grouper (Epieephelus nigritus) socT6Inibi'n (mopcK611) o. "eastern rockfish" (Sebastes taczanowskii) ITIràHTCKMil ItàMeHHbill O., 1.141-àHTCKPIri mopcx6i1 o. (Pac.) giant sea bass, dusky sea perch (Stereolepis gigas) rnrânTcxmfi o. jewfish (Epinephetus itajara) rnrà.Frrcxnel o. Hunniârn "Ishinaga's giant bass" (Stereolepis ischinagi) rabliaTuil o. (MT S.Am.) "eyed rockfish" (Sebastes oculatus) rozy66'n (mopcx6R) O. 1. (W Pac.) blue rockfish (Sebastes gla,ucus); 2. (E Pac.) blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus); 3. (W Atl.) cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) rpsfibiri (mopcx6iI) o. Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) ,II,a,71bHeBOCT(5 11Hbal O. (NW Pac.) = thKHbII o,grionéphiii Tépnyr elCKOHM,II,HbIel O. "disk sunfish" (Mesogonisties ) ,Rammionêpsil mopcxôft o. kichiji rockfish (Sebastolobus macrochir) xchTompanbril 0. = xcédrronépbei rpôynep--yellowfin grouper xtéJrrbnl o. (Am.) yellow perch (Perca flavescens) (mopcx611) o. "yellow rockfish" () AemtlYmtnbill o. 1. (W Pac.) pearl perch (Glaucosoma scapulare); 2. (Aust.) >KeMLISTAHIDMI o.; 3. (pl.) G-laucosomidae Amsopo,ashgei o. (Pae.) viviparous perch; (pl.) Embiotocidae sà.na,mbier xtemtly›Knbig o. (Aust.) Westralian jewfish (Glaucosoma he- braicum) 30.7101.1iCTIze (mopcx6R) o. (Am.) ocean perch, redfish, (Eur.) Norway haddock, redfish, "golden redfish" (Sebastes marinus) 1111AC.Tbill O. "mud bass" (Geophagus brasiliensis) meinzicitel creKannibnl o. "Indian glass perch" (Changa ranya) emembiei o. I. (Eur.) zebra fish, lettered perch (Serranus scriba,); 2. other species of Serran,us or allied genera; 3. (N.Z.) hapuka (Polyprion oxygeneios); 4. (S Asia) "stone perch" (Cephatopholis boenack); 5. = rnràFrrcKnil mep6y—giant sea bass; 6. (pl.) Serranidae, sea basses; 7. Peruvian squirrelfish (Diplectrum conceptione) KanapeetnibnI o. canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) mânclenel o. (S Afr.) Cape rockfish (Sebastes ca,pensis) KMHOBàplibi'n o, vermilion rockfish ()

162 ÔKyHb

KHTâHCKKA 0. Chinese perch (Siniperca chua-tsi) KJtlosopbIjtbIH (Mopcx6ï3) o. (Atl.) deepwater redfish (Sebastes mentella) KpACHbIii aBCTpaJIAIicKHIi O. (Aust.) ruby fish (Plagiogeneion 7nacrolepis) KpâCHbIIi i6MeHHbIŸi 0. (W Atl.) red hind (Epinephelus Juttatus) Kp1CHbII3 MOpCKÔii o. 1. (Atl,) = KJI1OBOp9IJIbII3 o.; 2. (incorrectly) = KypAJIbcKKH Tépnyr-Kuril greenling; 3. (W Pac.) "red rockfish" (Sebastes owstoni) MaJIOpbTblii (TIëpHblIi) o. smalhnouth bass 012icropterus clolomieui) MAJIbIii ?KëJITbIii O. = MAJIbIIi ?KeJITblii ropFlbIJIb-little yellow croaker M1JIbIŸI (MOpcKÔIi) O. (Eur.) Little Norway haddock, little redfish (Sebastes vivipa.rus) Mé,i[HbIIi (KaJIHq)Opxi3iicKI3ii) o. copper roekfish (Sebastes caurinus) MlloroHrjiblH (MopcKÔH) o. (Pac.) northern rockfish (Sebastes poly- s pinus ) MOpCKÔii O. 1. (Atl.) = 30JIOTI%ICTbIIi O. and KJIiOBOpbIJIbIIi o.; 2. - rpSI3HbIIi 0.; 3. = KAMeHHbI1R ÔKyHb; 4. (Crimea) = CMapl3jja- picarel; 5. = céaepllbIH oAHOnëpbIK Téprtyr-Atka mackerel; 6. (S Afr.) jacopever (Sebastichthys capensis); 7. = IIOaIOCâTbIH Mepôy- "bronze sea bass"; 8. (Eur.) bass, sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax); 9. (pl.) Scorpaenidae MopcxôH o. LIITéI%IHAaxxepa (W Pac.) "Steindachner's rockfish" (Seb- astes stetindctcTtneri) Mp1MOpHblii MOpcKÔIi o. (W Pac.) marbled scorpi0nfish ( marmoratus) HI3dIbCKI3Ii 0. jtâTeC-giant perch OJHIBKOBbIft O. olive r0ekfish (Sebastes serranoides) opexoBblH o. "nut-brown rockfish" (Sebastes valciyai) HaTarbHCKIiii x1MeHHbIIi o. "Patagonian sea bass" (Acanthistius pata- gonicus) nepé1IHbIf%I o. chilipepper (Sebastes goodei) IIOdIOCâTbIH o. 1. (SW Atl.) "banded sea perch" (Dules auriga); 2. (N Am.) striped bass (Illorone saxatilis = Roccus saxatilis) peTIHÔii O. = 61CyHb(1) pl3cpoBblH O. snapper, emperor; (pl.) Lutjanidae pO30BOIIHTHI3CTbIIi o. rosethorn rockfish (Sebastes helvomaculatus) p63oablH o. rosy rockfish (Sebastes rosaceus) cépblH o. (Indian 0.) = xâMeallblH o.-hapuka CHHepôTbIH 0. (Am.) blackbelly rosefish, (Eng.) blue-mouth (Helicolenus dactylopterus) cHHKK O. = Ifl?KHbII%I o,ItHOnëpblH Tépnyr-Asian greenling CHé1KHbIH SiHÔHCKHH 0. "snowy rOckfish" (Sebastes nivosus) CÔJIHeLIHbIŸI o. (N Am.) 1. pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus); 2. = yuI â CTbI I%I O. CTeKJISiHHbIIi 0. glass perch (Ambassis and related genera of Centropo- midae) TëMHbIK 0. 1. (E Atl.) black grouper (111ycteroperca bonaci); 2. (Pac.) _ LIëpHbIi^I MOpcKÔI%I o.(2) THrp6BbIrl o• 1. (E Atl.) tiger grouper (tllycteroperca tigris); 2. (Pac.) tiger rockfish (Sebastes nigrocznctus) TiixooxeclHCKHI-i MOpCKUI o. 1. rockfish, rock cod (Sebastes and related genera); 2. = rpSi3HbIR 0. y1iJIHHëxHbIH o. oblong rockfish (Sebastes oblongus)

163 ÔKyHb

yuiâcTbii3 o. centrarchid, sunfish; (pl.) Centrarchidae cpopejtesbIH o. black bass (Micropterus) tIepHbII%I K1MeHHbIIi O. (W Atl.) weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) 1IëpxblH MopcKÔK o. 1. (W Atl.) black sea bass (Centropistis striata); 2. (NW Pac.) Schlegel's rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) 1IëpIIblÎ^i o. 1. black bass (Micropterus); 2. = 6oJlbulep6TbIH T-IëpHbl%I ÔKyHb; 3. (pl.) Centrarchidae; 4. (Atl.) black ruff (Centrolophus niger); 5. =1-IëpablH MopcKÔH o.; 6. (NE Pac.) black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) 6KYHb "69imxH riIa3" (Atl.) bigeye (Priacanthus arenatus) 6KYHb recpHpo6epxxc Gephyroberyx orbicularis ÔKyHb-JIyTbSIH = TIÿTbSIH 6KyHb-IIOI[K1MeHIni4K "riffle perch" (Romanichthys valsanicola) 6KyHb-IIOJI3ÿH = IIOJI3ÿH-climbing perch ÔKyHb-XOIIJIOCTeTyc Hoplostethus mediterraneus

OKyHbKa (little) perch MopcKâH o. Sebastiscus-a subtropical genus of scorpaenids oaleAeaéHHe glaciation OJIéHb deer, stag 6odIÔTHbIIi o. (S Am.) swamp deer (Odocoileus dichotomus) BoAHHÔH o. (China) "marsh deer" (Hydropotes inermis) OJtéxbH porâ staghorn coral (Pocillopora damicornis) oJIIHroTpÔCpHbIIi oligotrophic OJIIirOXéT = MaTIOILjeTHI'IKOBbIÎI tIepBb-Oligoehaete BOAstHÔH o. Nais; (pl.) Naididae OJII3r0IZéH (geol.) Oligocene (period) OJtJtK (Dr W. C.) Allee ojtÿtua 1. gannet (Sula bassana); 2. booby (other species of Sula) roxy6oH6rasl o. blue-footed booby (S. nebouxii) KpacxoHSrasl o. red-footed booby (S. sula) césepxasi o. = oxÿlua(1) ôjIyulKa selvedge BépxHxH o. top strip (of a net) HI3?KHSIFI O. bottom strip HpoMexc^roIIHax o. joining strip, intermediate strip oatbxâ alder (Alnus spp.) o,nRnxa water ouzel, dipper (Cinclus cinclus) 6ÿpasl o. Pallas's clipper (C. pallasi) oMâp lobster (Homarus) HOpsé)KCKHK o. Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus); (pl.) scampi 0MéxCH13K Bôj[Hblii water dropwort (Oenanthe aquatica) oMOaloxtéxxe (also Mo,ao)céHHe) reduction in average age (of a population), "juvenation" OMOCyAxc Omosuclis lowei-an oceanic fish

164 omocygoBbre omocyRosme Omosudidae ômyab (adj. omy‘eshrh) 1. = ae,noewromôpcmil 6myab; 2. (incorrect- ly) = Baaëlc 6aIIKLibutnil O. Baikal (Coregonus autumnalis migratorius) ae„goei-rrom6pcia4l O. omul, arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis autumn- alis) nernidnicranl O. Penzhina omul (Coregonus subautumnalis) 0n,a6Tpa muskrat (Ondatra zibethica) nbrocimynaaéFiReman o. Newfoundland muskrat (Ondatra obscura) cl)aopeucxaH o. Florida muskrat (Neofiber oneib6,Ronbie Oneirodidae—a family of onnx6c1)0pn Onychophora (a Class of arthropods) orliconecpàaoshie batfishes, Ogeocephaliclae, Oncocephalidae ooem63 oodinosis—a disease of aquarium fishes caused by the flagellate Oodinism onaanfni,zuil opalinids, Opalinina (an Order of protozoans) onaminbi Protociliata (a Subclass of protozoans) onàpbuu 1. maggot (used as bait); 2. earthworm 6nax, xpacnonëpbul o. opah (Lam pris regius) onàxoBbre opahs, moonfishes, Lampridae onnCTOrnaT jawfish, masonfish; (pl.) Opisthognathidae TëMHILMI O. (W Atl.) dusky jawfish (Opisthognathus whitehursti) onmcroniaToBbie jawfishes, masonfishes, Opisthognathidae ornicToHéma (W Atl.) Atlantic thread herring ( Opisthonema oglinu9n) onncTonpoKT barreleye (Opisthoproctus soleatus) 0111,1CTOpX63 opisthorchosis—infestation of cats, dogs, man, etc., by the trematode Opisthorchis; infestation is from eating fish onaerlià-r rock bream (Hoplegnathus = Oplegnathus) nepyàricieml O. "Peruvian rock bream" (H. insignis) no.uocàTbirt o. banded rock bream, Japanese parrotfish (H. fasciatus) IISITHÉCTIDIR O. rock porgy, spotted parrotfish (H. punctatus) iomioacppHxLicKei o. bastard galjoen (H. conwayi) onaernfrronbie rock breams, Hoplegnathidae on6ccym opossum BORHH6f1 O. (S Am.) water opossum (Chironectes minimus) onpegezénne 1. definition; 2. determination, identification; 3. decision, judgment onepaTABHoe o. operational definition (one that specifies a procedure for determining whether an obj.ect belongs in the defined group) onpeAeaATeab, onpegeafiTeabHan Ta6.7diga key (for identifying organisms) onpoidubmaionweicn TepmômeTp reversing thermometer 6nyxozb swelling, tumour, pimple 6cnemime = ôcna Ca3àHOB 165 onSrunca onSnuita. selvedge (meshes of stronger twine used near the edge of a net) ônbrr 1. experience, practice; 2. experiment 6aericoBbrfi O. balance experiment (in studying fish metabolism) 6prau 1. organ, part (of the body); 2. device, tool; 3. organ (mus.) pbrcyni,mel o. lancet (in nematodes) geméErnibirl O. cement organ—a gland of carp larvae that attaches them to vegetation opAosem, op,goBAKumil (geol.) (period) opëa eagle (especially the golden eagle and other species of Aquila) mopckôll O. 1. = cséTabul rop6anb(1) —meagre; 2. eagle ray (any Myliobatidae); 3. TnxooiteàFicmPler opaàn—Steller's eagle JLëCTpbIf mopcKUI O. = TH)COOKeàFICKHII OpJIàH petali5i1 o. osprey, fish hawk (Pandion haliaatus) ,u,epeasii-masi pà6Ka opéx nut BUSIIIÔ'H O. water chestnut (Trapa natans) o. 46pTon = BOAS:MIMI O. OpeXOBH,LIKH Yucula—a small clam, (pl.) Nuculidae opumenme Oryziatidae—a family of cyprinidontoform fishes (see also me,gàKa) opKéTa, opxyéTa Pacifie bumper (Chloroscombrus orqueta) opaâil sea-eagle (Haliaatus, etc.) acPpmàficimil o. fish eagle (11aliadtus vocifer) 6ezoroaen3mil o. bald eagle (Haliaatus leucocephalus) 6eaorinétmil O. = THX00KeàFICKIU O. rpÉ4 0BbIll O. vulturine sea-eagle (Gypohierax angolensis) TmooKebicumel o. Steller's sea-eagle (Haliaatus pelagicus) opeu - 6e.noxBôcT gray sea eagle, white-tailed eagle (Haliaatus albicilla) opahi - ,zzoaroxnôcr Pallas's sea eagle (Haliaatus leucoryphus) op.iiàx 1. eagle ray (Myliobatis aquila and other species); 2. (pl.) eagle rays, cow-nosed rays, Myliobatidae; 3. bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) nsrrHAcTbill o. spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) opS7,a,ne (a6Ba) (fishing) apparatus, (fishing) gear Kpro4K6Boe o. dl. hook-and-line gear Flax.cum6e (Kpiotucôme) o. JI. baited-hook gear ifeno,m6e o. dl. seining gear o6.bsp4éxuaioui,ee o. di. entangling fishing gear (gill nets, etc.) oTuémmaiomee O. dl. "straining" fishing gear (seines, etc.) camoaômioe (KpiotieBoe) O. ji. unbaited-hook gear (jigs, etc.) crau,lioxàpHoe O. dl. stationary fishing gear (trap nets, etc.) Tpaaelpylomee O. dl. trawl fishing gear (5p4a orfe 5I3b, especially the ornamental varieties OC&LIKH rainfall, precipitation (all forms) ocà,ffl< sediment deposit oce.né,a,eub (Ukr.) = ceabAb(2)—shad, especially gepuomôpcicasi C.

166 ocejIé.aeub

AyHâHCxHK o. (Danube area) = o . liepxoMÔpcxxH o. a35BCxHH = o . xépIexcxx# O . ICépn eHCKIiI%I 1 . = a3ÔBCKaSi CeJIbx,,-gereh shad ; 2. = o. tiepHO- MÔpCKHIi O . tIepHOMÔpCKHIi = IiepHOMÔpCKaH ceJlbAb-Black Sea shad ocedtéu (Azov region) = LlepxoM6pcltaR ce>rbAb-Black Sea shad ôceab 1 . autumn, fall ; 2. (White Sea) = xScocb-salmon ocepëAox (Siberia, Caspian) a shoal or sandbar near the middle or off the mouth of a river, or in a lake or sea distant from lan d OCëTp 1 . sturgeon (Acipenser) ; 2. = pÿccKHH o . ; 3. = aTjtaHTAqecxHH O . aMÿpexxH o . Amur sturgeon (A. schrencki ) aTJIaHT13LIeCKIiii O . sea sturgeon, sturgeon (A . sturio) 6aHKâ,abcxHH o . Baikal sturgeon (A . baeri baicalensis) 6aJITAIicxi3Ÿi o . = aTJIaHT1iLIecKHIi o . BOCTOI.tHOcHftpcxx%t o . East Siberian sturgeon (A. baeri stenorhynchus) 3eJIëHblii o . green sturgeon (A . medirostris ) i3p A HCKIdÎI O . = Kypi3HCKIi fl O . KHT1IiCKHIi O . Chinese sturgeon (A . sinensis) Kopé 9 cxxH o . Korean sturgeon (A . dabryanus ) xypI3HCKHH o . "Persian sturgeon" (A . giildenstcidti persicus) HeM69ICiiFi O . = aTJIaHT1'ILiecxHÎi o . IIepclI,i[CKIiIi O . = Kypi3HCKi3Ii 0 . pÿccKHH o . Russian sturgeon (A. giildenstèiclti ) caxa,nl3HCxHH o . Japanese sturgeon, "Sakhalin sturgeon" (A. meclirostris mi7cadoi ) CK0pcxHH o . Siberian sturgeon (A . baeri) CTepjIxmeBHAHbIH O . "little Siberian sturgeon" (A . baeri chatys) ,IepHOM6pCKo-a36BCKFiIi o . "Black Sea sturgeon" (A . giildenstiidti col- chicus ) oceTpHHa flesh of pÿccxxH ocëTp, prepared to ea t oceTpôsble 1 . sturgeons (including Hztso), Acipenseridae ; 2. Chondrostei ôCaIHK sowbug, isopod ; (pl.) Isopoda BoAxHÔH o . water sowbug (Asellus, etc .) KaIeMHeHÔCHbtH o . "pincer sowbug" ; (pl.) Tanaidaceae MopcxbH o. marine isopod OCIK$H 1 . osman (a cyprinid fish of the genus Diptychus) ; 2 . _~eluÿH- HbIH o. ; 3. (incorrectly) = HJIHHcxaH MapHHKa-Ili marinka aarrâKCKHH o . "Altai osman" (Oreole2cciscus potanini ) 6oJIbIIIep6TbIIi aJITAIiCKi3Ii o . bigmouth Altai osman (Oreoleuciscus pew- zowi ) rôjtblK o . "scaleless osman" (Diptychus dybowslcii ) K1pJII3KOBbIIi aJITAIicKIdli o . dwarf Altai osman (Oreoleuciscus humilis) o. KytuaxésH1Ia "Kushakevich's osman" (Diptychus Iczcsclzalcevitschi ) o. CesepuôBa "Severtsov's osman" (Diptychus severtsovi) peRKoliel.uyHtIaTbIH o. = o. CesepubB a ŸeIII~IiIiblii o ., lielu~ÎiiIaTbiIi o . "scaled osman" (Diptychus maculatus) ocHâcTKa rig, assembly (of nets, etc ., for fishing ) OcxoBâHHe 1 . base, foundation ; 2. insertion (of a fin )

167 ocôxa ocôxa sedge (Carex) 0. B3R^rasl "beaked sedge" (C. rostrata) O. BoAsIHâsl "water sedge" (C. aquatilis) O. JIOliffiocbITeBlij[HaH "false galingale" (C. pseudocyperus) o. nysblpliaTax "bladder sedge" (C. vesicaria) ôcoxopb black poplar (Populus nigra)-the bark is used for net floats bcna pox o. ca3AHOB, 0. KApnoB carp pox, epithelioma papulosum cyprinorum 11ëpxasi o. smallpox OCTâTOK 1. (math.) remainder; 2. carry-over (of a fish stock, from one year to the next-usually contrasted with recruitment) OCTITO14HbIA 1. remaining, left-over; 2. carried over (to the next year) O-HaR Hépxa residual sockeye (non-anadromous progeny of anadromous sockeye) o-HaR LIaBbma residual O-HbIÎ3 KI31K^1I residual coho ocTpaKSA ostracod; (pl.) Ostracoda (an Order of crustaceans) ocTpéu sedge (Carex) OCTpIiL[bI Oxyuris-a genus of parasitic nematodes OCTpOBÔK islet oCTporâ 1. fish spear, gig; 2. harpoon ocTp03y6 "sharptooth" (Pristipomoides filamentosus) aMepI3KâHCKIdIi o. wenchman (Pristipomoides aquilonaris) ocTpoJlÿ,m "ostroluchka" (Capoetobrama Ieuschakewitschi)-a cyprinid fish LIÿitcxasl o. "Chu ostroluchka" (C. k. orientalis) oeTpoHÔC (Eur.) leaping grey mullet (Mugil saliens) ocTpol-IÔCHx 1. = ocTpoHÔc; 2. (Black Sea) a mullet of medium size (Mugil auratus or JU. saliens); 3. = Kec^1JIb-xe,n6H-thick-lipped grey mullet ocTp6Ta = ,nyTÔK-smew 6o,abu.Iâsl o. = 60JIbII.16ïr xpôxanb-goosander

OCTpO^MHbIŸI ingenious ocÿuixa drying 36Ha o-Kx intertidal zone oCbMlxHÔr octopus; (pl.) Octopoda (a Suborder of cephalopod molluscs) 6e3rjIâ3blït r.ny6oxoB6AHbIH o. "blind octopus" (Cirrothauma murrayi) rJly6ox0B6RHbIH 6JIIiH006p13HbIIi o. "deepwater pancake octopus" (Opis- thoteuthis depressa) roxKÔHrcxxH o. Pacific octopus (Octopus hong7congensis) O6bIKHOBéHHbIIi o. (Atl.) common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) 0. âj(CKHIi B1MHI3p "vampire octopus" (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) o. arioll71140H "Appolo octopus" (Paroctopus) nectIhHbiŸI o. "sand octopus" (Paroctopus conispadiceus) IuepluâBblÎi o. "rough octopus" (Paroctopus asper) oTaxejIâxcxTb to rig (fishing tackle)

168 0T6 o ii oT6611 discards, rejects (of undersized fish) oT615p selection ecrécrnerunol O. natural selection OTBépc-rHe aperture, opening gbixâTe.nbrioe o. spiracle, blow-hole (of a -whale) xtà6epHoe o. gill opening oTicaoHéxxe deviation, anomaly (see also ouni6ita) cTaxepTHoe o. (stat.) standard deviation, mean-square deviation ol-upÉLuolt wing (of a fyhe net, etc.) oTignprrorlysgipuaH (pÉi6a) physostomous (fish)—having an open duct connecting swim bladder and alimentary tract; (pl.) Physostomi OTJIIIB 10W tide OTJI613 1. fishing• out; 2. eradication or reduction in numbers of coarse fish by fishing OTJ10>KéHHe deposit, sediment ôTmeab shallows maTepHesafl 0. continental shelf OTIeT see JueAnca oTHepecnismasich or oTHepecronâmnaz (prMa) spent, spawned-out fish 0. JIOCÔCb (Atl.) kelt oTHoméxme 1. relationship; 2. ratio, proportion (math.) rixtueœ;ie 0-Fmg food relationships oTo.rierr otolith, ear stone 0T0TIYIT014,ReC Otolithoides—a genus of sciaenid fishes of the Indian Ocean rHràFiTcxxfi 0. "giant drum" (O. biauritus) oTonëpxa (E Atl.) "green grunt" (Otoperca aurita = Brackydeuterus auritus) oTpHufrreabHbIll 1. negative; 2. unfavourable; 3. damaging, destructive OT- p6CTOK 1. process, offshoot; 2. appendix collnéHOBlibIll 0. zygapophysis OTCTà1,113aTIDCH, OTCTOSiTbefi tO ride at anchor ôTrepTpaa otter trawl (see Tom) orrép strong offshore wind 0TT5i*Ka rope used to anchor the lead of a trap net or pound net, at intervals oTuen uncoupler OTILléAbH14K 1. hermit; 2. hermit-crab; (pl.) Paguridae ocimo,a6H (Pac.) lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) ocin4011.71Srreyc ophiopluteus—a larval stage of ophiurans ocim'ipa brittle star, ophiuran; (pl.) Ophiura (a Class of, echinoderms) BeTmicrbie o4n4Sipm Euryalae Hacrosiame ocimiSrpm Ophiurae

169 ox6Ta oxerra hunting o. Ha TroaéHeil seal fishery, sealing OX6TI4TbC51 1. to hunt (game); 2. to shoot (a gun) o. ocrporoR to spear (fish) OXOTOW5pCICHfi Okhotsk Sea (adj.) ouémca estimate, evaluation otiepeTHHK beak rush (Rhynchospora) enuH6ern. cusk-eel (Ophidion and related genera) Ità1ICKIlti. 0. -= KàlICKYlel HoHrmio—kingklip 06IDIKHOBéHHbIel o. "European cusk-eel" (Ophidion rochei = 0. barbatum) HHTHAcTbul 0. spotted cusk-eel (Otophidium taylori) umnopE'mbril o. (W Atl.) fawn cusk-eel (Leptophidium cervinum) oudi6Ha error (see also OTKJI0Hé1114e) Bepo;rniasi 0. probable error cayqUiHaH o. random error, random deviation ouni6HeBbie Ophidiidae, cusk eels (sometimes includes brotulas) ouTH6o4imiI 1. incorrect, inaccurate; 2. anomalous, unusual ouncSnI = 6éabe1 me,roaé,a,b—polar bear omS7ribma-rezb 1. grabber; 2. Hydra

170 IIàBO,EIOK high water (in a river) Becérifinil H. spring flood nàrezir, nàreab, rffirunce sea bream (Pagellus) jumniopgmbnl n. Spanish bream, bronze bream, axillary bream (P. acarne) Kanàpcxrdi n. 1. "Canary bream" (P. coupai); 2. = xpàcnbnI n. xpacnonéphnl n. blue-spotted bream (P. bogaraveo) KpàcnbnI n. pandora (P. erythrinus) rurrrffic-rgiel n. red bream (P. eentrodomus) cepe6pAcTbnI n. = RJIHHHOpl;IJIbIel H. nàron organisms living anabiotically frozen in ice narp, nàrpyc 1. = o6brimoBémimil n.; 2. any species of Pagrus and cer- tain allied genera (see also Tel, nàreab) ,amirnioxpgrabei n. (N.Z.) tarakihi (Daetylopagrus maeropterus) ,Z(JIHHHOI-IëphIfi rI. = n. Bpen6epra )turronëphnI n. (E Atl.) yellow-fimied scup (Pagrus orphus)

30TIOTACTHI1 H. = ›Ke.irronëpmet n. KpacHmil n. = Kpàcribril nàre.nb 06bIKHOBéHHbIel n. (Atl.) scup, pagre, Couch's sea bream (Pagrus pagrus) n. 3pen6epra (E Atl.) Ehrenberg's sea bream (Pagrus ehrenbergi) noaocaThrii n. (E Atl.) striped sea bream (Pagrus auriga) narpéTe snapper (Lut janus) nàrpo mutton snapper (Lut janus analis) nàrpyc-6ecS7ro = 06bIKHOBéHHIDIel nârp nàea, naéa (meteorol.) overhead, ceiling nazame,rréH screamer, (pl.) Anhimidae—large goose-like birds of South America porà-rayi n. horned screamer (Anhima cornuta) xoxzà -rafl n. crested screamer (Chauna torquata) gepnonianan n. black-necked screamer (Chauna chavaria) nàaeoren, naaeorénosbnI Palaeogene, early Tertiary (Palaeocene to Oli- gocene) nanmypHx-r "Pringle's butterfish" (Palinuriehthys pringlei) nàabyi 1. char (in general—genus Salve/anus: see also roaén); Z. lake char (S. /epechini—related to S. alpinus) amepmkàncKaH n. (Am.) brook trout, speckled trout (S. fontinalis) 6oranh,acKan ri. "Lake Boganid char" (S. boganidae) (Khatanga R.) ecéAcKaR n. "Lake Yesei char" (S. tolmachoffi) (Khatanga R.) Kpàcnasi n. = aSurcomayi n. mpsDKesàfi ri. "deep-hole char"—one of two ecological forms of S. lepechini in Lakes Ladoga and Onega. (infrasp. profundicola), grey in colour JIST,II,FlaR n. = JI~r.m.omnaH n. JrST,aox(Fiayi n. "sandbar char"—the other form of S. ,lepechini in Lakes Ladoga and Onega, red in colour

171 osêpnag ri. 1. (Am.) lake trout (S. namaycush); 2. (Eur.) alpine char (S. salvelinus) cépafl n. = KpRxceBàsï n. LiepnoperraH cero3êpcita51 n. "blackmouth char" (S. lepechini melanosto- mus) similasi n . Kpsix-ceBàsi namacùna tubenose poacher (Pallasina barbata) nariôào palolo (Eunice)—a polychaete worm aiiawriuecxni n. Atlantic palolo (E. fucata) THX001(eàFICK1411 n. Pacific palolo (E. viridis) na,noméTa Pacific pompano (Palometa simillima) nàaotixa stick, wand, baton pgi6mpie ri-Km fish sticks—elongate pieces of fish, breaded and ready for frying naaolucosifflan (KocTb) interhyal (bone) naJœLiKoxsécr "hairtail" (Stylophorus chordatus); (pl.) Stylophoridae (a/so na.nol-woxsocToshie) eirryc 1. halibut (strict sense = 6eaclicôpbn1 n.); 2. halibut (broad sense = any species of , Reinhardt ius, Atherestes or Paralichthys); 3. turbot (Rhombus maximus); 4. any of several other large flatfishes anIà.TCKI•Iti cTpezo3ST6biti ri. (Atherestes evermanni) amepHxàficKmei crpezo3S76bifi n. (Atherestes stomias) aTaawrùqecunri (6e,noKôpbn1) n. (Atlantic) halibut (Hippoglossus hip- poglossus) amnawrimecitWil TiêpHbIll II. = uëpHblii Il. 6e.ncm5phi1 n. (true) halibut (Hippoglossus) ica,mpopmblexml n. (Paralichthys californicus) JI011MbIlI n. 1. (Am) ) summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus); 2. (Japan) bastard halibut (P. olivaceus); 3. (Indian O.) "tropical hali- but" (Psetiodes erumei) 115,ITHACTbII71 n. spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) CFIHeepbIa tiëpFibiil n. crpeao3ST6bill n. see andepmâncumil and a3I4à.TCKI4171 cTpeao3Si6Hil n. THX00KeàFICKHe1 (6e,noxôpbnI) n. (ilippoglossus stenolepis) THX00KeâliCKHeI qêpfibifl n. "Pacific black halibut" (Reinhardtius hip- poglossoicles matsuurael tieplicncôpmei n. = tiêpxmil n. uëpHbIii n. , Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglos- soides) naahnexpÉia flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans) naabuenëp threadfin (see also FmTenêp) aviairdiLieumei n. Atlantic threadfin (Polydactylus octonemus) nnprnuidicioU n. barb (Polydactylus virginicus) Picnâncitna n. "Spanish threadfin" (Polydactylus quadrifilis) MHOI-OIIàJIbIfi II. = HOCkrbel. n. nocàTbnI n. "Iongnose threadfin" (Galeoides polydactylus) o6bnmoBérman n. "common threadfin" (Polynemus plebeius) n. "five-fingered threadfin" (Polynemus quinquarius Pentenemus quinquarius)

172 naabilenëp

páiCKHi n. "paradise threadfin" (Polynemus paradiseus) geThipëxnâmel n. four-fingered threadfin (Eleutheronenza tetradactylum) naamenëp-,u,apa "dara threadfin" (Polydactylus indicus) naabgenêphie threadfins, Polynemidae nàabsi (see IlàJIIISI) nâmnano 110MIAHO nâmnyc, namn = pà6a-aépxano—si1very pomfret namtpâtuA mopcK611 Pancratium maritimum—a seashore plant of the amaryllis family naFrroneubi Pantopoda (a Class of arthropods); (sing.) pantopod, pycno- gonid, sea-spider nameipinnt 1. gar, gar-pike (Lepisosteus), (pl.) Lepisosteidae; 2. (pl.) Callichthyidae—a family of armoured catfishes ximmoAabili n. longnose gar (L. osseus) icemàuompiiI ,R.1114FIFIOpbUlbIll n. KoponcopÉiabill ri. shortnose gar (L. platostomus) xy6ibiclenti n. "Cuban gar" (L. tristoechus) mexcnxànumil n. "Mexican gar" (L. tropicus) muccHdincicHil n. alligator gar (L. spatula) 1151THACTLIII n. spotted gar (L. oculatus) itoopAAcialii n. Florida gar (L. platyrkincus) nàximpubifi armoured, loricate phi6a 1. poacher, alligatorfish, (pl.) Agonidae; 2: placoderm, (pl.) Placodermi (fossil fishes) nàrumpribill (mozinbcK) chiton; (pl.) Polyplacophora, Loricata, Crepipoda (a Class of molluscs) nàumpb 1. armour (of fish); 2. carapace (of crustaceans) nanamôcxa castaiIeta (Cheilodactylus bergi) nânopoTm-ix 1. fern; 2. an anthelminthic drug made from certain ferns, sometimes used to treat fish napà6oaa parabola (of either type below) npocTà2 n. ordinary parabola (of the form y = a bx cx2 ) crenérmasi n. power parabola (of the form y = axii)—this use of the word parabola is rare in America napasau paravane, otter napaKy6ngenc "false scad" (Paracubiceps ledanoisi) napamirr bastard halibut (Paralichtlzys) n. California halibut (P. calif ornicus) diéTnnii n. (Atl.) slimmer flounder (P. dentatus) napammccenia black hagfish (Paranzyxine) anemicKasi n. Atami hagfish (P. atami) napariépicHe (N.Z.) blue cod (Parapercis colias) napanoclmis parapophysis 173 napanpHcTHnSMa napanpxcTHn6Ma see npHcrKrr6m a napacÿAHc longnose greeneye (Parasudis truculenta) napaccpelloHA parasphenoid (bone ) napeHxl3MaT63Hble 1IépBI3 = nJI6cKIie Ti .-Platyhelminthes napxéTHHK "eel-cod" (Muraenolepis) ; (pl .) Muraenolepidae nâpyc 1 . sail ; 2. (of jellyfish) velum nâpycHnK 1 . (Atl.) sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) ; 2 . (Pac.) = BocTOU- HbI%I ri. ; 3. by-the-wind sailor (Pelella)-a coelenterate; 4. veliger (larva) ; 5. swallowtail butterfly (Papilio ) BOCT614HbIiI n . Japanese sailfish (Istiophorus orientalis) nâpycxxKH-pb16bI billfishes, sailfishes, spearfishes, Istiophoridae, Histio- phorida e nâpycHHua = nâpycxxK(3)-Velella nacHCrésl glass shrimp (Pasiphea) ; (pl.) Pasipheidae nacTÿluxa = yA6R hoopo e nacTyulbK 1. (also nacTÿx) water rail (Rallus aquaticus) ; 2. (pl.) Rallidae-rails, gallinules, etc .; 3. man-of-war fish (Nomeus gronovii) nay~KHSIIC southwest wind naÿK 1 . spider ; 2. "spider weever" (Trachinus araneus) BOAsIHÔ%I n . water spider (Aryyroneta aquatica ) MopcKSH ri. 1. sea spider, pycnogonid, (pl .) Pycnogonida, Pantopoda (a Class of arthropods) ; 2 . spiny spider crab (Maja squinado) nayxoo6pâsHOe arachnid ; (pl.) Arachnida (a Class of arthropods ) neBÿH wood warbler ; (p1.) New World warblers, Compsothlypidae peLII16H n . water thrush (Seiurus ) nerâHKa 1 . ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata) ; 2 . sheldrake, shelduck, sheld-duck (Tadorna tadorna ) xoxJIhTaSI n . crested shelduck (T. cristata) nerâc sea moth (Pegasus)-a fish AJIHHHOXB6CTbIIi n . "long-tailed sea moth" (P . natans) KOpOTKOXBÔCTbIIi n . "short-tailed sea moth" (P . volitans) nerâC-yMHTéHry umitengu sea moth (Pegasus umitengu) nerkOBble sea moths, sea dragons, Pegasidae neAxqex,liRpHSI pedicellaria (tiny jaw-like structures of echinoderms) neaârHaab pelagial, pelagic zon e neaaro6éHToc pelagobenthos-organisms that live part time on the bottom, part time away from i t neaâroc, nejiârHoc pelagos-organisms of the water mass (as distinct from benthos), = plankton + nekton nejiarolzl3K,nyc "pelagic lumpsueker" (Pelagocyclus vtitjazi ) neiIaMHRa ].. bonito (Sarcla) ; 2. (pl.) = nealaMf4ROBble ; 3. (poisonous) sea snake (Pelamis)

174 neiIaMAga

aTaIaHTK^4ecxa5i n. Atlantic bonito, belted bonito, pelamid (Sarda sarda) BOCTÔt-IHaH n. 1. Pacific bonito (Saa•da chilensis); 2. striped bonito (Sarda ori.entalis); 3. (Aust.) bonito (Cybiosarda elegans) AByI-iBéTHax n. (E Asia) two-striped sea snake (Pel•amis platurus) 3ânallxoaTJlaHTfluecxa5i n. = aTJIaHTI^qecxasl neiIaMHAa xanlbiIasl n. = Bâxy-wahoo noJIOCATaH n. = nonepetlHOIlodIOCATaSi Maxpédlb npoAOJlbxonoJlocâTax n. = BocTbqHasl n.(1 and 2) IISITHACTax rt. (Indian 0.) "leopard mackerel" (Scomberomorus leopardzts) lII3JIfiIicxaH n. = BOCTÔ'qHaH n.(1) neJIaMI3•I[oBble , Spanish mackerels, Cybiinae né,neAb = né,aRAb-Coregonus peled nexexrâTOp direction finder neaHKâH 1. (old-world) white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus); 2. any pelican CÿpbIH H. brown pelican (P. occidentalis) jjOHCKÔIi n. = p630BbIii n. (2) KyRpsIBbIH n. Dalmatian pelican (P, crispus) pô3osbIH H. 1. Asian white pelican, rosy pelican (P. onocrotalus roseus); 2. old-world white pelican (as a whole-P. onocrotalus) nejiHllrâc, neitellrâc, IIHjtexrâc "Pacifie mullet" (Mugil so-iuy) nejiôll organisms living anabiotically in dried-up mud neAbTOpaM(p Peltorhamplaus-a. genus of southern-hemisphere flounders nNtaAb, IIéJIHTb, nexSITKa, nejtslATxa "peled" (Coregon2cs peled) neM4)eposble sweepers, Pempheridae-a family of fishes nexéH prawn (Penaeus) nellTauep pelagic armorhead, Pacific boarfish (Pentaceros richardsoni = Pseudopentaceros richardsoni) neHTauepoBble boarfishes, Caproidae = Pentacerotidae nepBHIIHo6ecKpbl,nbie Apterygota (a Subclass of insects-includes collem- b olans ) nepBIir-IH01KA6epHbIli (MOJIJIiÔCK) 1. prosobranch, (pl.) Prosobranchia, Prosobranchiata (a Subclass of snails); 2. protobranch, (pl.) Proto- branchia (a Suborder of clams) nepBKnHOxpbl,nble winged insects, Pterygota (a Subclass of insects) nepBI3LIH0noJI6CTIIble 1IépBi3 = HATLIaTble LI.-nematodes nepeB6311Hx (Eurasia) common sandpiper (Tringa hypoleucus) neperopô,iLKa baffle (in a fish ladder) neperopoAqaTo?Kâ6epHbIΕI (MOJIJIIflCK) septibranch; (pl.) Septibranchia (an Order of clams) nepeAHerpÿ;jb prothorax nepeAHextâ6epxble Prosobranchia (a Subclass of gastropods) nepe,uxeJl66Hax (KOCTb) prefontal, or lateral ethmoid (bone)

175 nepeAHecII13HKa nepeRHecnAHKa pronotum (of insects) nepé,qHeyulHâx (KOCTV) prootic (bone) nepeKâT 1. roll (of thunder); 2. bar, riffle, ridge (in a river bed) nepeaÔB , overexploitation: "when removals by the fishery exceed the natural replacement capacity of the population" (Konstantinov)

nepeMéxlloe, nepeMéxxasl BeJIHIqHHâ (math.) variable nepelvtëT 1. (Volga) set line, longline (= slpyc); 2. (North) a gill-net with stakes at intervals to support it riepexaceaél-IHe overpopulation rlepenédtKa (E Atl.) "quail wrasse" (Crenilabrus quinquemaculatus) IlepenôHKa 1. membrane; 2. velum MxrâTeJIbxasl ri. nictitating membrane nepepoXU[éHKe 1. transformation; 2. degeneration; 3. resorption )Ki3poB6e II. IIéT-IeIII3 fatty degeneration of the liver ri. noaIOBIiIx npoAÿifiroB resorption of eggs or sperm népecblllb spit, sandbar népeTxulb (= 3aTAIUbe) brief period of calm (of wind or current) nepKoAHqecKKH (see also KoJIe6âHxe) 1. periodic, alternating; 2. in batches; 3. over a (long) period, long-term nepxcTOÿcKx phantom midges, Chaoboridae nepKdPxTÔH periphyton, small plants growing on rocks, etc., in the water nepxapKHa percarina (Percarina demidoffi) a36BCxasl n. "Azov perearina" (P. cl. maeotica) nepxonconbie trout-perches, Pereopsidae nepxoc^xc "snakeperch", "flathead" (Percophis brasiliensis) nepjIÔBHua freshwater mussel, unionid; (pl.) Unionidae B3R}rrax n. (Eur.) "swollen mussel" (Unio tumidus) AaaIbHesocTÔTIHasI n. (E Asia) "oriental mussel" (Unio douglasiae) KJIIiHOB13AHan ri. = B3jI,ÿTaSi ri. HacToslluax ri. a freshwater mussel of the genus Unio Hoxc4xoBl3,tr,Han ri. (E Asia) "knife mussel" (Lanceolaria grayana) o6bIKH0BéHHan n. (Eur.) "common freshwater mussel" (Unio pictorum) To,aCrâsl n. (Eur.) "fat mussel" (L'nio crassus) népmlcKHH (nepxôA) (geol.) (period) nepô (pl. népbR) 1. feather; 2. pen; 3. fin (of a fish) MopcKÔe n. 1. sea-pen, (pl.) Pennatularia-an Order of coelenterates; 2. = pâKOBKHa-nepô-pen shell neppo hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus) IIepcéH Persei = Perseus, a Russian research vessel nepcnelcri^sa 1. prospect, outlook; 2. perspective n. BbICIUHx ys16BOB outlook for larger catches

176 nepcneKTI1BHbIg nepcnewriimmil L prospecting (adj.); 2. offering good prospects Hax66,nee n. pagou the most promising region ri-Han passéiuca Exploratory Fishing Unit nevr37H, nevrSnl 1. White Sea coastal cod (Gadus morhua maris-alba); 2. small cod in general nemixa logperch (Percina caprodes) and other species of Percina nepsixxa fin (of a fish) nec (gen. nca) dog necég (adj. necues6à) arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) necxàpica dragonet (Callionymus)—see also mumb-.71Apa 60JIbIlIà5=1 ri. = noaockran 6S7pag n. "brown dragonet" (C. festivus) nodiocâTan n. greater dragonet (C. lyra) cépan n. "grey dragonet" (C. belenus) necKapoabic dragonets, Callionymidae necitàpb 1. (Eur.) gudgeon (Gobio gobio); 2. (Ili R.) = rniTHIicTbIi ry6àq—Nemachilus strauchi; 3. (Amu-dar) = amy,aapbmicKei roaén —Amu-dar stone-loach ampcitmil 6edionêpNii n. "Amur whitefin gudgeon" (Gobie albipinnatus tenuicorpis) amSipcxxil HOCâTbIf ri. "Amur lizard gudgeon" (Saurogobio amurensis = Rostrogobio amurensis) aMSTCKHri 06bIKHOBéHHbIfi ri. = en61pcmil 6e.iionëpmti ri. "whitefin gudgeon" (Gobio albipinnatus) BOCI>MHSTCbIei n. "eight-whiskered gudgeon" (Gobiobotia, pappenheimi) AmbxesocT6Immil n. "Pacific gudgeon" (Gobie or Paraleucogobio sol- datovi) ,LWIHHHOT&IbIll ri. "slender gudgeon" (Gobio tenuicorpus) Z7IHHHO3iChrei n. "long-whiskered gudgeon" (Gobio uranoscopus) gJIIIHHOXB6CTbdi. KOJIIiPINII n. = fliepHhH ri. if,xecTpôsclanI n. "Dnestr gudgeon" (Cobbo gobie sarmatieus) ,gxecTp6acxmi HHOCbH ri. "Dnestr long-whiskered gudgeon" (Go- bio kessleri) ,I(YHMCKHII H. = ,T(JIHHH(5yCllii sana,moKaBRiacKaii n. "west Caucasian gudgeon" (Gobio gobie caucasieus) mccpatSrabcKHil n. "Issyk-kul gudgeon" (Gobie gobie latus) itapnàTcKnk' n. "Carpathian gudgeon" (Gobio gobio carpathicus) IGITUICKHI1 Simépribiti H. = Simepinefi icin;tmciatil ri. "Crimean gudgeon" (Gobie gobio krymensis) Kypentexnti n. "Kura gudgeon" (Gobio persa) diéticicak' n. "Lena gudgeon" (Gobie soldatovi tungussicus) maribtimcSipcia411 ri. "Manchurian gudgeon" (Gobio strigatus, G. taeniatus) mapitarcSrabcKHR M. "lVIarkakul edgeon" (Gobio gobio aeutipinnatus) 110CàTbIri H. = amSrpcme HOChbI 11. 1_1(à6px = IuepHbIi ri. n. COJI,ilâTOBa = AaJIbHeBOCTemHbIti plicosbffl n. "ricefield gudgeon" (Gnathopogon elongatus)

cénepo - KamcbcianI n. "North Caucasus gudgeon" (Gobi() ciscaucasicus) cn6IipcKH ri. "Siberian gudgeon" (Gobio gobie cynocephalus)

177 necxâpb

TépcxHIi H. "Tera gudgeon" (Gobio gobio holurus) TypxecTâHCKHi-I n. "Turkestan gudgeon" (Gobio gobio lepidolaemus) yccypHi-ICxxH n. "Ussuri gudgeon" (Gobio ussuriensis) xasKAHCxH%I ri. "Chanka gudgeon" (Gnathopogon chankaensis) Lle6axoBIbAHbIrl ri.. 1. "chebak gudgeon" (Paraleucogobio strigatus); 2. _ ,II,aJIbHeBOCTOtIHbIi^I n. sltt(epHbl%I n. lizard gudgeon (Saurogobio dabryi) necKâpb-ry6âli toothed gudgeon (genus Chilogobio) n. CoJIj[1TOBa "Soldatov's toothed gudgeon" (C. soldatovi) n. Llépcxoro "Chersky's gudgeon" (C. czerskii) necKâpb-JIéxb "lazy gudgeon", scarlet carp (Sarcochilichthys sinensis lacustris) necxo>xi3,Ii lug worm (Are7vicola) necx0366 = necxâpb necxopôfl = nectlâHxa(1, 2) IlecKOpÔi?xa ammocoete, young lamprey necxoxaT trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomayms) necbuHHx 1. sandpiper, stint (mainly species of Calidris and Erolia); 2. = 6blq6x-nec61qHHK-monkey goby aT1iaHTI3TdecKI3Ii MOpCKÔK ri. purple sandpiper (Erolia maritima) 6ejtoxs6CTblfi n. Temminck's stint (Erolia temmincki) 60JIbiuô%I n. eastern knot, great knot (Calidris tenuirostris) EoxanâpTOB n. white-rumped sandpiper (Erolia fuscicollis) E5pAOB Ii. Baird's sandpiper (Erolia bairdi) j[JIHHHOnâJIblIi n. long-toed stint (Erolia subminuta) ylcJâHRcKHH ri. knot (Calidris canutus) MopcxbH ri. purple sandpiper (Calidris maritima) 06bIKHOBéHHbIIi n. little stint (Erolia minuta) OCTpOXBÔCTbIii n. sharp-tailed sandpiper (Erolia acuminata) nepenOH,IaTOn3JIbIIi H. western sandpiper (Ereunetes mauri) TIiX00KeAHCKHrl MopcKÔiI n. rock or Aleutian sandpiper (Erolia ptiloc- nemis) necôraHHK-rpslsoBAx = rpx3oBl3x-broad-billed sandpiper neCÔUHHK-KpaCHOLUéÎiKa eastern little stint (Calidris ruficollis)

nëCTpaH = neCTp^IIIKa necTpoxpblJlxa spotfin Baikal sculpin (Batrachocottus multiradiatus) necTpÿxa local name for roJtbslH-minnow necTpÿluxa trout (Salmo fario)-of rivers rather than lakes or seas necTpibra (Dnestr region) = cespibra-stellate sturgeon necTpslK 1. = MxxmKâ-Salmo mykiss; 2. (NW Russia) = 6eptu-Volga zander; 3. (Antarctic) "spotted Trematomus" (T. bernacchii); 4. (Indian 0.) rabbitfish (Siganus) necTpsltc-Jtxc "wolf siganid" (Lo vulpinus) necTpslx-opaMxH "oramin rabbitfish" (Siganus oramin) necTpslKOabie rabbitfishes, Siganidae

178 nec-rpITKa necTpfrrica parr (of a salmon) necH4Fnix 1. sandstone; 2. "monkey goby" (Neogobins fluviatilis) necHârllta 1. sand lance, sand launce, sand eel (Ammodytes); 2. = réaaH n.; 3. sanderling (Crocethia alba)—a shore bird; 4. sandwort (Arenaria) amepnxkleman n. American sand lance (Ammodytes americanus) 6urredlexax n. "Baltic sand eel"—one of the lesser sand eels (Ammodytes tobianus) 6w-flan n. (Eur.) greater sand eel (Hyperoplus lanceolatus and H. immaculatus) rôaag n. (Eur.) smooth sand eel (Gymnammodytes cicerellus and G. semisquamatus) enponéficitan MH01-01103B0HeBail n. = màaasi H. Kâncreasi n. "Cape sand eel » (Gymnammodytes capensis) xoponconëpasi (ammenocrôlmasi) n. (Pac.) "short-finned sand lance" (Ilypoptychus dybowskii) mâaasi n. (Eur.) lesser sand eel (Ammodytes tobianus and A. marinus) césepnaH H. 1. (Eur.) = 60,nbrnàH n.; 2. (Am.) northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius); 3. (Eur.) Animodytes marinus, one of the lesser sand eels THx0oxeàncmaH n. (N Pac.) Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus and A. personatus) nenânxonse, necilâncnnie sand lances, Ammodytidae néTasi 1. loop (in the end of a rope); 2. mesh (of a net) néTo (Am.) = Bàxy—wahoo ne-rponcâpo green wrasse (Labrus viridis) neTpS4uKa parsley neTSTx 1. cock; 2. gurnard (Trigla; see also TpAraa) Boopy}mêmibuI mopceil n. (Eur.) armed gurnard (Peristedion cataphrac- tum) goaronëpbnl mopueâil n. (Eur.) longfin gurnard, lantern gurnard, shin- ing gurnard (Trigla obscura) mopcxôil II. (Eur.) tub gurnard, yellow gurnard, latchet, tub- fish (Trigla lucerna = T. comas:) KoponconêphnI mopercUi n. "shortfin gurnard", "Straueh's gurnard" (Trigla, microptera) Kpàcnbill MopcKói n. (Eur.) red gurnard (T. cuculus = T. pini) mopocôt1 H. 1. (W searobin (Prionotus spp); 2. (E Atl.) gurnard (Trigla); 3. (Jap.) kanagashira gurnard (Lepidotrigla spp.); 4. (Jap.) hobo gurnard (species of Chelidonichthys and Pterotrigla); 5. (N.Z.) gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu, Lepidotrigla brachyptera); 6. (S Afr.) (Trigla kumu), Quekett's gurnard (T. queketti), red gur- nard (T. capensis), "lyre gurnard" or piper (T. lyra); 7. (pl.) Triglidae; 8. Peruvian searobin (Prionotus stephanophrys) cépbIti mopeen H. (Eur.) grey gurnard (T. gurnardus) neTyLu6K 1. cockerel; 2. = mopcx6r4 n.; 3. = cmàmcKnil n.; 4. a small clam; 5. iris, flag (Iris) mopcxôk n. cockscomb; (pl.) Alectriinae—a subfamily of sticklebacks o6bnalonénnbik n. stone cockscomb (Alectrias alectrolophus) nypriS•fpnbuI H. high cockscomb (Anoplarchus purpurescens)

179 neTyluâx

cHàmcKnil n. Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) nnôxcluel n. V enerupis ja,ponica—a clam nexepén "Peruvian silverside" (Odontesthes regia) nénex (Carpathian region) = maônika—mudminnow nennaneBbie livebearers, Poeciliidae negnang "platy" (Platypoecilus) négenb liver Jinn6n,moe nepepommérme n-Fn4 lipoid degeneration of the liver neincSip (Ukr.) = nnineSrp imminx iris, flag (Iris) nnraznua ( vanellus) 6eaox36cTa1 ri. white-tailed plover (Chettusia leucura) cTerniân n. = mpegéTRa—sociable plover nnrn,u13à.unn pygidization (the process of or trend toward formation of a pygidium) nnrn,reil 1. = nnrAgnym; 2. Pygiclium—a small bloodsucking catfish nmreignym, (adj. 11H114,LLY1MbHbff1) pygidium (the hind portion of the body of certain arthropods, especially trilobites and isopods) nnssashn (Dnepr and Bug) immature bream—anu nimpniledc (Ukr.) = ca3à11—earp nligSTCT (Ukr.) = nozSrcT—"undermouth" r1i3mo (E Pac.) Pismo clam (Tivela stuttorum) IIHKH0KJ1141-1 pycnocline nnicnia haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) conêria ri. finnan haddie, smoked haddock gepnom6pcKa5i n. mepefuta—Black Sea whiting 1-1141MISTel (Murmansk region) small haddock nnaâ-piMa sawfish (Pristis pectinata, P. cuspidata, P. microdon); (pl.) Pristidae ascrpambIcman n. "Australian sawfish" (Pristis leichardti) o6himosénnan ri. smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) sinellicuast ri. "Japanese saw shark" (Prisliophorus japonieus) nnzenrât = nemirâc—"Pacific mullet" nnao6pfàxne "keel-throats", Pristigasterinae (a subfamily of clupeid fishes) 1114,710H6C saw shark (Pristiophorus); (pl.) Pristiophoridae RHÔHCKY111 n. "Japanese saw shark" (P. japonicus) nmopbm -= nnaa-pÉ.I6a nanerr pilotfish (Naucrates ductor) nmoxecT black-mouthed dogfish (Pristiurus metanostomus) nnabgapg pilchard, sardine (Sardina pilchardus) rinmeao,a,03bie Pimelodidae—a family of Latin American catfishes

180 nfularôp nmarem) 1. lumpfish, lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus); 2. (pl.) Cyclop- teridae, lumpfishes (see also Kpyrvionëp) 1. (Atl.) Atlantic spiny lumpsucker (Eumierotemus spin- osus); 2. (E Pac.) Pacifie spiny lumpsucker (E. orbis); 3. (W Pac.) Soldatov's lumpsucker (E. soldatovi) nmuseni penguin; (pl.) Sphenisciformes arrrapirremecxml n. = 6opoermn n. 6opoeThret n. bearded penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) 30J10TOBWIôebe1 II. gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) Hmnepà.ropcicml n. emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) Kopo,néecKnfi n. king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonica) Mareaaâncm n. Magellan penguin (Spheniseus magellanicus) 0110m:ilk n. jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus) Az,ean Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) Bmcrôlonn Victoria penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) X0XJ1àTblil n. rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysosoma) 1-11/1HP0 PINRO—Floasipnbill ria3"rmo-riccileAoBâTeabCKIIII Fi npoéicrnbril HHCTHTSIT mopcie6ro pÉi6noro Xo3sik.rna H OKeallOrpà1:1H4H ùmerni H. M. Minnow-ma (MypmancK) ranfragnabn "pintadilla", "Peruvian castaiieta" (Cheilodactylus variegatus) nerna cypnnâmexasi Surniam toad (Pipa pipa) nnp, nnpbôle (Carpathian region) = xàpnyc—grayling nmpànba (S Am.) pirafia, piranha; (pl.) Serrasalmidae 6oabluà2 n. "big pirafia" (Pygocentrus piraya) 061DIKH0BéHHaS1 n. "common piraila" (Rooseveltia nattereri)

nmpar - élkynb pirate perch (Aphredoderus sayanus) nmpocôma, nmpo36ma Pyroso9na--an ascidian that serves as host for young squaretails (Tetragonunts) nnaptca (Dnestr region) = 6bicrpennœ pocfnlexasi nncitàpb = necKàpb—gudgeon HHCKSTJIbKa lesser white-fronted goose (Anse?' erythropus)

nneKSTri 1. =emon—loach; 2. -water beetle of the genus Berosus

THIC6IIHHK (Ukr., local) 1. = 6bui6K-Kpyrasix—"round goby"; 2. = 6b1 - 116K-6à6ica—"monkey goby" nnennicoaa = o6Érima2 piI6hH nmisxa—fish leech nncumcoa63, nnenmcoab piscicolosis—infestation by fish leeches (Piscicola) Infrânme 1. food; 2. feeding; 3. nutrition. (1-1wrânne seems usually to convey all these ideas simultaneously.) HHTÔMHHK nursery phi6onwrôymnic fish hatchery, fish rearing station nnIncrp, netrx3ïp (Ukr.) = necxàpb—gudgeon ru-nuen(5,g 1. gullet; 2. digestive tract run1enen1 food (adj.), nutritional

181 nHlueBbH

n-B1H aKTIIBHOCTb feeding persistence-a species' capacity to continu e feeding on a favohrite food as it grows scarcer (Shorygin) n-B6K IcoMÔK food bolu s n-Bâx KoHxypéxuHSl food competition (see KOHKypéxuHSl for the quanti- tative aspects of this concept ) n-Bâsl nJIacTI-ItIHOCTb feeding plasticity-a species' capacity to switch from one foocl to another when external conditions change (Shorygin) II-BÔ%i noTeHTx1JI feeding potential-the combination of persistence and plasticity n-Bâx noTpé6HOCTb food requiremen t n-BÔe cxôRcTSO food similarity, food likenes s IIHSIBKa leech, bloodsucker ; (pl.) Hirudinea (a Class of annelids) 6ecx66oTble n-KH = LIeJIiOCTHble n-Ki3 6 0JIbulâsl JIOxcxoKSHexax n . horse leech, "greater false horse leech" (Haemopis sanyuisuga ) rHrâHTCxaR n . "giant leech" (Trocheta subviridis) rJIOTOIHble n-KH Herpobdellidae Rpésnble n-KH primitive leeches, Archihirudinea (Subclass) erHIIéTCKaH n . = KÔHexaH n .(1 ) 3apaxtéxxe nHStBKaMH infestation by (fish) leeche s . = 6OJIbIUâ 9 JtOxcno- KôHcxasl n. 1 . horse leech (Limnatis nilotica) ; 2 KÔHCKaH IT . (see rep- MâJIaSr JIOIKHOKÔHCKaSI n . a leech of the genus Herpobdella no6RéjIjIa ) Mez[HuHHCKasI n . medicinal leech (Iliruclo medicinalis) Ha,nHMosasl n . "burbot leech" (Cystobranchus mammillatus) HacToflmHe n-KH true leeches, Euhirudinea (Subclass) HI-IJIbCKaSI n . = KÔHCKaH ri ..(1 ) 06bIKHOB2HHa5I nT~hIbH H . ProtoClepsis tesslblat a o61;lI-tHa54 pbi6b5l n . "common fish leech" (Piscicola geometra) njIacTHHKOHÔCaH n. Helobdella stagnalis njtôcKHe n-KH flat leeches, snail leeches, Glossiphonidae nTl3Iabx H . "bird leech" (Protoclepsis = Theromyzon) nsITHKCTax nTKr-tbst n . Protoclepsis maculos a pâubx n-KH "crayfish worms", Branchiobdellidae-a family of oligochaetes semi-parasitic on crayfish pb16bx n-KH fish leeches, Ichthyobdellidae, Piscicolidae coMOnax n . "catfish leech" (Cystobranchus fasciatus) yJtHTKOSasI n . "snail leech" (Glossiphonia complanata) X66oTHble H-KH proboscis leeches, Rhynchobdellida (Order ) qejIIOCTHbie n-KH jawed leeches, Arhynchobdellida, Gnathobdellida (Order) ilepenâlHbSI H . "turtle leech" (Ilaementeria costata ) nZeTI3HKOable n-KH spiny leeches, Acanthobdellida (Order) nHSIBKa-aeMaleMép a fish leech (Piscicola geometra) nHSIBKOpoT = nxxsxopôTasi MHKCKHa-a hagfish naiaB drift (of a floating gill-net) nJIâB6a3a floating base (for receiving or processing fish) n,nasëxc a school of fish feeding at the surface of the water naIâBHx a part of the flood plain of south Russian rivers, characterized by grassy vegetation

182 HJIBBHilK nzasxùx 1. fin (of fish); 2. flipper (of whales, penguins, turtles, etc.) 6pronmed1 n. pelvic fin, ventral fin rpyitx(511 n. pectoral fin AHp0B6fr n. adipose fin, fatty fin 3a,rwenpox6,Etxgrk n. anal fin msirmaFt gaCTh cnmix6ro n-lea soft dorsal fin nâprimk H. paired fin nzegeség ri. pectoral fin no,RxBôcToshig n. anal fin crunni6È1 n. dorsal fin, back fin mocronôt1 n. caudal fin, tail fin (see also XBOCT) IIJIBBHHK6Bbill fin (adj.) n-nait xaemâ fin fold ,nyli fin ray HaaBHH116K finlet (as in mackerel) naawr 06bITCHOB&Mbill a water bug (Naucoris cimicoicles) naasSix 1. driftwood; 2. beaked whale; (pl.) Ziphiidae; 3. = Bynég(1); 4. = BO,LIBH6i1 0116ccym—water opossum céeeptime n. Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdi) n. southern beaked whale (Berardius arnouxi) rumeyfiéll 1. diving beetle, dytiscid; (pl.) Dytiscidae; 2. = rmanSrxtunc —phalarope H. AuiTo6prbxml, ri. oicatimaërnibnl yellow-margined diving beetle (Dytiseus marginalis) umpencrig, n. tunponeiumil "broad Dytiscus" (D. latissimus) naae3hitnix 1. phalarope; 2. water beetle of the family Ilalipliclae 6oabtu61 H. Wilson.,s phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) Kpyr.non6cEal n. (Am.) northern phalarope, (Eur.) red-necked phalarope (Pitalaropus lobalus) so,roixedi ilaliplus fluviatilis TIJIOCKOH6CbH1 n. (Am.) red phalarope, (Eur.) grey phalarope (Phala- ropus fuliearius) rhiranàpnn planarian (Planaria and allied genera.); (pl.) Turbellaria (a Class of flatworms)—see Typ6eadnipm se.nenonàTan ri. Euplanaria gonocephala moaffinian H. Planaria lactea =_ Dendrocoelum lacteum mopcxàn n. =--- MOXHâTaB moxiià-ran n. "shaggy planarian", saltwater planarian (Thysanozoon brochii) naamcro6éFrr0c planlçtobenthos ndtaxx-roaônia planktology, the study of plankton milatncr6H (adj. naaincrimecme or maxwrômibtil) plankton (material sus- pended in the water) —see also HaH0HJIaHKT6H, CeCT6H, TpHHT6H OCà,E[OHHIDH1 II. seston, filterable plankton npy,Ron6f1 H. pond plankton, heleoplankton peimeet n. river plankton, potamoplankton—see also 6Hocr5K curxemI H. net plankton (what is caught by fine silk nets) rmaincroxep plankter, plankton organism 183 TTJIâHKTOCTÔK nJIaHKTOCTÔK sec CTOK nJIaHxTOCpâr plankton-eater n,naxxTOSIAHbIK plankton-eating rlsIâHyjIa planula-a larval form of coelenterates nJIaCK^H, nJIaCKÿHeI[, nJIaCT^H, nJIaCTÿHeIj = a36BCKI3I3 ny3aH6K-Azov shad nTIacTAHxa 1. nlate, dise; 2. scale; 3. scute (of sturgeon, etc.) aM6yJlaTcpa,IIbaa5l rT. ambulacral plate (of echinoderms) MaRpenopoBâx H. madrepore organ (of echinoderms) HH?KHeT4éTIT0CTHaST n. infraoral bar (of lampreys) IlpxcâcbIBaTeJtbxax n. adhesive dise (of trematodes, etc.) naacTHH0>Kâ6epxbre (pb16bl) elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, etc.), Chondri- chthyes (a Class of vertebrates) nJIâCTâHiiaTO?K76epHbIIi (MOJIJIIÔCIC) = AByCTBÔptIaTbII3 (M.)

nJIaCTIiHqaTOKJIiÔBble Anseriformes, Anseres (an Order of birds)

nJIaCTI3LIecKIii? 1. morphological (as opposed to meristic); 2. used for con- struction or development; 3. plastic n. o6MéH metabolism associated with muscular activity H. npH3HaK morphological character nJIaCTAhIHOCTb plasticity nl3uqeBâsl H. see nxMesbK iutaTalcc sea bat, angelfish (Platax pinnatus) nJIaTaKCOSble Platacidae n,naTxneui3itHSI platy (Xiphophorus maculatus) nmaÿll club-moss, Lycopodium nalauleHÔCeu (yrpeBAAHbIK) frill shark, scaffold shark, silk shark (Chla- mydoselachus anguineus) njtesp06pâHxxx pleurobranchia (of crustaceans) nJIe3HO3âBp plesiosaur naie%iCTÔH pleuston (floating organisms that project above the surface) nJle%ICTOuéH (geol.) Pleistocene (period) nmepoqepKÔx,u, plerocercoid (a life-history stage of tapeworms) nnëc (or nalëco) 1. reach, hole (a moderately deep to deep slow portion of a river, between sandbars or riffles, characterized by an even bottom); 2. arm, inlet, bay (region of a reservoir adjacent to a particular inlet stream) BÔJI?KCICOe II,TIëcO the Volga arm (of a reservoir) .nJIeCÔBxa = MOpcK1Sl T-TépHeTb-SCaup

nJIeTb = KOCâTKa-nJleTb-"ÜSSAri catfish" nxetIellbroe lamp-shell, brachiopod; (pl.) Brachiopoda (a Phylum of animals) 6e33aMxosble n-rue Inarticulata (a Class) 3aMKOable n-me Articulata (a Class)

184 rianonen namcillen (geol.) (period) nzAcka =TpHcorSroca—wagtail (Ukr.) = 11,710T13à—roach njIoBHqHj = iman3'intrxx—phalarope il,710OM'ITOCTb fecundity (number of eggs laid by a fish) n. nacurénnyi population fecundity ( = 1. the average number of eggs laid by the females in a population; 2. the total eggs laid by the population) mogop6)1(1,1e fertility ruleicieml tiepin flatworm; (pl.) Platyhelminthes (a group of flat worms) mocialp, mociaipKa (Ukr.) rycrepà —white bream IMOCKOrOilôR 1. (Atl.) snakefish (Trachinocephalus myops); 2. = 11710C-

Koa66(1); 3. (SW Atl.) (Thalassothia montevidensis); 4. (pl.) =-

LieuiSriltiaTbre ri - am 6S7pbril n. "brown flathead" (Platycephalus fuscus) reobrei ri. 1. "naked flathead" (Hoplichthys regani); 2. (pl.) Floplich- thyidae IntafieicKie n. river gurnard, sand gurnard, sandfish (Platycephalus indiens) xpoKoztkuroo6pâ3Hbril n. "crocodile gurnard" (Coeins crocodilus) nectlânbiel n. (Aust.) sand flathead (Platycephalus, Trudis, Levriporct) nsrrnAcrher n. "spotted flathead" (Platycephalus leavigatus) Txrp6nbril n. := IITIOCKOJIM uelliiaTbIe naocicorwr6BbI flatheads, Platycephalidae grednIcici-di n. "Chilean flathead" (Neoplatycephalus speculator) mocxormosbre flatheads, Platycephalidae naociewrei 6 1. (Aust.) flathead, tiger (Neoplatycephalus macropterus); 2. (S Afr.) =- nntuificicHk IIJIOCKOPOJIÔB nectiânbill n. (Aust.) sand flathead (species of Trudis, Platycephalus, Levripora) nirocicori6m(Ka damselfly of the genus Platyenemis mocxorioc, rmociecniounc, affrapwrùqecrœil FIJOCKOHOC "flatnose" (Bathy- draco); (pl.) Bathydraconidae ray6oKouô,thuilk n. "deepwater flatnose" (B. antarcticus) naocicoriëp Homaloptera—a genus of small cyprinoid fishes of mountain streams of SE Asia; (pl.) = rumeicondiasmx6nbie mocKormanfifix6Bbie Homalopteridae—a family of fishes 11.11OCKOXI3SCT flat-tailed sea-snake (Latieauda) 6coburôg n. "great sea snake" (L. semifasciata) xembliaThiri n. "banded sea snake" (L. laticauda) n. (Solomon Is.) "freshwater sea-snake" (L. crockeri) moCKS/H, naocieSmeg Azov shad (Alosa cas pica tanaica) 11,110T13à (adj. naoTeemnbik) 1. roach (Ruti/us ruti/us); 2. (Kuban R.) Ky6àxcitag 6bicrpsiEnca a3ep6a11,101(àFicKasi n. "Azerbaijan roach" (R. atropatenus) apà.abcKasi n. "Aral roach" (R. r. aralensis)

185 ILTIOTBà.

apreificKall n. "Armenian roach" (R. r. schelkovnikovi) 6yxàpcKafl II. "Bukhar roach" (R. r. aralensis, natio bucharensis)

3axamcbeicafl H. = apniuilicKa51 n. Kambnuôuasq (apàabcKasi) n. "reed roach" (R. r. aralensis, morpha phrag9niteti) KwrâtIcKag n. qëpumil am9p—"b1aek carp" neTpo3êpcxasi n. (Karelia) "Lake Peter roach" cm6Upcicasi n. = cop6ra—Siberian roach (R. r. lacustris) y366ficka51 n. "Usboi roach" (R. r. uzboicus) naollb,a (Carpathian region) = naoTsà—roach HJIOTHLIa, 11,710TH4Ka diminutive of mcrruà LumpuàucKail rI. = a3ep6ael,ruKàucKafl n,noTsà. 11M5THYIK 1. carpenter; 2. shipworm, borer (Teredo, Bankia, etc.) HJI6THOCTE> (see also o61;ume, qikaemlocTb) 1. density, abundance; 2. strength, solidity Bo3memboru,ag or Boenoaushonesi H. replacement density n. nonymium population density nocà,zdu4 stocking rate, planting rate (number of fish released per unit area) HJIOTOSIgHbel 1. carnivorous; 2. a carnivore ruo-rb (Belorussia) -= 11710TBà. myrapb "plugar" (Gyninoclraco acuticeps)—a notothenoid fish narr (Don R.), naSrreB (Murmansk) float, cork (for a net) noue,Ttéume behaviour noso,zeub water beetle of the genus Graphoderes HOBOgéH gangion, gangling, snood (the short lines which carry the hooks, in long-lining) noBozu5K 1. leader (of angling gear); 2. = nono,aéu nonedlumx, nouôflumgeK waterwort (Elaline) n. Bo,runiôfi nepéu, "pepper waterwort" (E. hydropiper)

nemop nomeipum—jaeger, skua norâma 1. grebe (Podiceps)—a diving bird, (pl.) Podicipidae; 2. inedible mushroom, toadstool 6ozbuiàa H. great crested grebe (P. cristatus)—also u6mra xpacucnnérmasi n. (Am.) horned grebe, (Eur.) Slavonian grebe (P. auri- tus) màaasi n. little grebe (P. ruficollis) porâTasi n. Kpacnowanag cepomëxasi n. red-necked grebe (P. grisetigena) yulà.c.rasi n. nepricuuélbiag n. uepuouléernail n. (Am.) eared grebe, (Eur.) black-necked grebe (P. caspicus)

norA6, norA6Ka raràpa —loon

norouoepa beard-worm, pogonophore; (pl.) Pogonophora (a Phylum of worm-like animals) 186 norônbnn nor6Hbau 1. spotted crake (Porzazza porzana); 2. any short-billed rail (Porzana) 6eacnepaTibril ri. Swinhoe's crake (Porzana exquisita) 6 OJIbLUÔ fl ri. chestnut-breasted crake (Porzazza payleulli) maan,H1 H. little crake (Porzana parva) Hcm3edent2r.cKHil H. giant rail (Ocydronzus greyi) norômpini-Kpônixa Baillons crake (Porzazza pusilla) norpymcêHHhal submerged nweepé>KHHK purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) no,a66pa line HepTHKàabHan n. brail line (66inan) BépX1-17I51 IL 1. cork line, top line (of a gill net); 2. head line (of a trawl) (66inan) HinicHnH H. lead line, bottom line rioir,6op6aox 1. chin; 2. mentum (of insects) no,a6op64otandi (S7c.11x) chin barbel no,u,Hécotman (xocrh) hyomandibular (bone) no,runi,r( subspecies no,qH6AHHK 1. aqualung; 2. submariner (member of the crew of a sub- marine) nograa3FH"PmaH (Kocrb) suborbital (bone) noRrôHxa xp HB 6 `A curve-fitting noRilasà-rb, IIO,ILLIàTb to ship (a heavy sea) HO,UëB hand-line JI013IiTb Ha no,uê6 to jig (for fish) noduëHica mayfly; (pl.) Ephemeroptera ma.nomdmbHan H. Oligoneura HacTosiman ri. Ephemera vulgata HomaTbuminiafi (xocrb) basioccipital (bone) no,a36p a heavy cable, chain or -weighted rope hung below the lead of a seine no,remeHamx 1. (Eur.) miller's thumb, sculpin (Cottus gobio); 2. sculpin (any Cottidae)—see also umpoKoff66Ka, mepqàx, 6b146K; 3. (Anadyr) a small burbot =- Hamim; 4. (Odessa) = 6m46K-paTàH aaeSrrcranl n. coastrange sculpin (Cottus aleuticus) ana,a1;ipcitel H. "Anadyr sculpin" (Cottus kaganowskii) H. see inHpoKo.n66ica mopcKel H. 1. shorthorn sculpin, father lasher, sea scorpion (Myoxoce- phalus scorpius); 2. any Myoxocephalus (see unwoKomMica) nëcTpoHórrH ri. "spotted sculpin" (Cottus poecilops) n. KaraH6Hcitoro "Kaganovskis seulpin" (Cottus kaganowskii) ri. 4épu

cpeHea3Flà-rcicng ri. Typxecrâncickni n. Tpy6KoH6CbIrl n. "tubenose sculpin" (Coi tus nasalis)

187 nogmâmeHILI,IIK

Typicecrâncicati n. "Turkestan sculpin" (Cottus spinulosus) ue.Thipëxpôrmer n. fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) nozemexumx-umpoicw166Ka haitej sculpin (Mesocottus haitej) noiemenufflosme sculpins, bullheads (Cottidae) no,rucâpmanuaTs, noi_utopmùTb to put out ground bait (prior to filiing) n0,1[K6AHIDIII subcutaneous, hypodermal no,rucoperniôii subradical, under the square root sign no,zutpÉnneunasi (xocrb) subopercular (bone), subopercle noznémumx a young bream (ang) nofflapernmx 60,716THIDIfi marsh bedstraw (Galium palustre) ITORMH6)KeCTBO (math.) subset no,Ronéma Podonema longipes—a morid fish nozbuma 1. trough (of a wave); 2. foot (of a mountain); 3. sole (of a boot) noe.npipà.rb, noAnepén) to shore up, to prop nunôp 1. backwater; 2. tributary noAn3'nuica selvedge no,p6ex (Ukr.) a small carp (ca3à}1) no„uâtieK landing net (used by anglers) noAcexàTB, no,gcétup to strike, to set (the hook)—in angling noAcégma strike (setting the hook in the fish's mouth) noRcSuumc (gen. no,,gcSulea) (Don R.) a small zander (cy,à.x) noxrymoK uepriomôpcxasi ceamb—Black Sea shad nogSic-r 1. "undermouth" (Ital.—savetta, Ger.—Nase) (Chondrostoma nasus); 2. (incorrectly, L. Pskov) = chip-rb; 3. (Asia) = Aurrouêp or mui- K011elleHbIel mturronëp aaa3âncicner n. "Alazan undermouth" (C. schmidti) art/IS/Km-HI n. "blackbelly" (Xenocypris macrolepis) 136,11>KCK1411 n. "Volga undermouth" (C. nasus variabile) anenp6scimil n. "Dnepr undermouth" (C. nasus borysthenicum) Koaxfi,uKnel n. "Colchian undermouth" (C. colchicum) Ky6ânciu-n1 n. "Kuban undermouth" (C. colchicum kubanicum) KypAricKnk' it "Kura undermouth" (C. cyri) Tépcmnil n. "Tera undermouth" (C. oxyrhynchum) nogSrcr-tieprioôpibunta, amS7pcKei n. = >Kerronëp—"yellowfin" nowcuâT tow net noAx6,n, 1. approach; 2. run (of salmon); 3. migration (upstream) 11/1611jHbIll n. large run, heavy run HOR'bil31:;IK a small ide (Leuciscus idus) 110e:b5131;ILIMI (KOCTb) hyoid (bone) nomobania (or npowfumna) twine used in hanging a net, or constructing a fyke net, etc.

188 nomcnein4Fia

nepTneabnan n. line used to connect the cork line and lead line of a gill net, at intervals. This keeps the web loose, increasing its efficiency. The web may be tied to the 110.>KAJIHHa in 2 or 3 places. T5111(e13à31 (or OCHOBIASI) n. a line running along the top of a large fyke net, joining the hoops noxowà'reab sveallower

trëpEnDril n. black swallower (Clviasmodon niger) — a deep-sea fish no3agn behind, abaft (of a ship) 1103B0H6 11H141e vertebral CO11111111 1103B0H64HIDIII vertebrate (animal); (pl.) Vertebrata, vertebrates (a. Sub- phylum of chordates) 1103,alieJleAHIIK6BbIft late-glacial (period) nonmica capture, catching frropillniasi n. (méTial) recapture (of a tag) HôPICK search n. TyHIV5B -hula scouting n6fIma flood-plain noKa3à.reab 1. index, parameter, statistic; 2. property characteristic item, particular; 3. numerical value, figure; 4. (math.) power, exponent. (See also KOD4)14Ie1éHT, KOFICTUITa) 614mwreillecxne 1101(a3à.TeJ114 vital statistics, biological characteristics (e.g. rate of growth, mortality rate, fecundity, etc.) noxa3à.ream Kp6BH characteristics of the blood (considered quantitatively) H. xaipriocri4 fatness index (for cod, the ratio of liver weight to total weight, as percentage) n. médibria BaJIK0IATOCTI4 (symbol = LT) some kind of "condition factor" for fish n. méamog TOJILIMHÉI index of body thickness (= 10 B/l, where / is the standard length of the fish, and B is its greatest thickness in the cross-section whose depth is greatest) n. ylIATaHHOCTH = xoscimunélrr yninsarmocur (see yllerraHHOCTB) cpé,gumil n. mean value noichlinx, noKàTnan (pi;i6a) downstream -migrant (fish) nomënica bite, strike (by a fish at a bait) noKOk 1. rest; 2. aestivation (= aéunin mil-1Ra); 3. hibernation (= 3nwhing enAinca or 3nmôn.Ka) o6méri 110K(531 resting metabolism, basal metabolism ncncoaérme brood, year-class, generation

môuffle (or ypo)càeHoe) n. strong (or dominant) year - class noKpLiTc»Rà6epnbig (momnbert) "covered-gill snail"; (pl.) Tectibranchiata noxpÉlunca 1. cover; 2. cover-net (a Chinese conical net, round at the base, that is dropped over fish in shallow water) .nc.à6epnan n. gill cover, operculum, opercle neme 1. field, meadow; 2. area, field (of study); 3. ,zone, field, region (of a map or diagram) (see KoppedniumH) n. exaepÉrros zone of circuli (or sclerites) on a

189 no.neBllua nojieBf4ua bent grass, red top (Agrostis) n. no6eroo6pa3ÿIOII[ax creeping bent grass (A. stolonifera) noJiësxa vole, meadow-mouse (Microtus, etc.) soARHâsI IT. water vole, water rat (Arvicola terrestris) nosieBble xecnél(osaHHSI field work, field studies nOJI3^H climbing perch (Anabas testudineus, A. scandens) Keq)âdtbHbl%i ri. mullet seine-a drag seine fitted with a pursing line, and with the cork line tied to the web below it by short lines at intervals, to make a shallow pocket along the cork line nOJI3yH6K = HaJIIIM-burbot nOJIi'IMIIKCHSI = yCâTbIIi 6epxxc-beardfish nOaIHHeMyc = naJIbuenëp-threadfin; (pl.) Polynemidae nojIHoAôH spoonbill (Polyodon spathula)-a fish noJIAn polyp BbICUixH noliHn anthozoan, coral; (pl.) Anthozoa (a Class of coelenterates) rHRpoIIAHbIH H. hydroid KOpMJIOBbIIi II. actinozoan, coral; (pl.) Actinozoa noJlHnôRxyM 1. Polypodium ltiydriforme-a coelenterate that parasitizes sturgeon eggs during the hydroid stage of its life history; 2. polypody (Polypodium)-a fern nodtHnpxoH Polyprion-a genus of seabasses o6bIKHOB6HHbII3 n. wreckfish, stone bass (P. americanus) nOJII3XéT = MHOrOLL[eTIIHKOBbI%I LIepBb-polychaete (worm) nojIKyp = O6CKbit cxr-Coregonus pidscltiian nôa.naK, n6.II,nOK 1. = HacTOSIMxH n.; 2. = câKAa-coalfish; 3. = ny- Tâccy-blue whiting rojIy65H n. = nyTâccy-blue whiting enponéI%ICKHÎI n. = HacT6SiI1tIiIi ri. HacTOSlu.lxH n. pollack (Gadus pollachius = Pollachius pollachius) n. AaSIcxx = MmHTâH-Alaska noJIOBO3péJIOCTb (sexual) maturity no.Iioxcéllxe 1. position; 2. postulate nOJIO1KIiTeJibHbII%I 1. (math.) positive; 2. favourable, beneficial, useful noJIOpbIJI "hollowsnout" (Coelorhynchus)-a macrourid fish nO,nocâTbiit ri. "banded hollowsnout" (C. fasciatus) nojiocâ 1. stripe, bar, band; 2. period (of time) nonepél-IHble nôJiocbi 1. transverse stripes; 2. vertical bars (on a fish) ; 3. parr marks (on young salmonids) noJIOC^TI3K 1. (Eur.) bogue (Box boops = Boops boops)-a sparid fish; 2. rorqual, (pl.) Balaenopteridae (see also KHT); 3. (Antarctic) "striped Trematomus" (T. hansoni) 6ojIbIIIÔH rt. blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) ro,ny6bH n. = 6oJIbIU6H n. I1BacësblK H. sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) Mâ1tbIH n. Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)

190 HOJI0CàTHK

nacTosimxti n. rorqual (Balaenoptera) ocrpomôp,abrà H. = MàJILIfi H. n. Bparma Bryde whale (Balaenoptera edeni) cati/urnia' HBackluti n. ceabiuma H. fin -whale, f inback -whale (Balaenoptera physalus) CHHHil H. no.nocKyfr diving beetle of the genus Acilius IH5JIOCTb hole, cavity, chamber 6proum'asi n. Téaa racTpaJIbHa ri. (of jellyfish) stomach .).1(à6epflafl n. gill chamber Téaa body cavity, coelom cinbesasi n. mucous cavity noao-rn6 1. linen; 2. webbing (used to make a net) no.nyamôm very large blackback shad (Alosa kessleri) noay3y6ânca chum salmon shortly after entering fresh water (see KeTà) noapcpncsa, no,nymaTëpail = cépag S ria—gadwall nosiyxrrôle (Tpâila) = KyT6x(1) no.nyméc51u-pÉi6a 1. (Am.) Atlantic moonfish (Varner setapinnis); 2. (Am.) lookdown (Selene vonzer) IIMIyHIbl(HHP subterminal n anypY,Lir halfbeak; (pl.) Hemirhamphidae 6pa3ilabcraiti ri. ballyhoo (Hemirhamphus braziliensis) 66111kosbrii H. "fighting halfbeak" (Dermogenys pusillus) iumfmopà.nbiti n. ribbon halfbeak (Euleptorhamphus viridis) KaJmckopliWicimil n. California halfbeak (Hyporhamphus rosae) KI-ITà11CKI,H1 n. "Chinese halfbeak" (lIenzirhamphus sinensis) ‘nerSigHti n. smallwing flyingfish (Oxyporhamphus micropterus) o6bnuioséimbiti n. halfbeak (Hyporhamphus unifasciatus) oxeânckel ri. "oceanic halfbeak" (Euleptorhamplzus longirostris) 51116HCKHil n. "Japanese halfbeak" (Hyporliamplzus sajori) noaypiluoinie , Hemirhamphidae no.nyx6p,eame Hemichorda, Hemichordata (a Class of chordates) nwlygeniFunc Gilbert's Irish lord (Hemilepidotus gilberti) Hoar-dub Tel-lb to spring a leak HOJISTIEHHK quillwort, Isoetes (an aquatic pteridophyte) nodigim a river channel used only at times of high water II6JIIDIMS1 a hole in the ice (used for fishing) noagmb wormwood, sagebrush (Artemisia) no.iihnibil open lead in the ice of a river nomipialti arctic (usually a better- English translation than "polar") nomajLà3HeBbie grunts, Pomadasyidae (a Family of fishes) nomauérup damselfish (Ponzacentrus) roay6a n. "blue damselfish" (P. coelestis)

191 nomanewrponme nomanesrponme damselfishes, Pomacentridae 11 OMKCHC = L11114—crappie nomoà66yc, 11omom56 (small species of Alosa, sometimes called Pornolobus) ceabgeo6pà3nbnl alewife, gaspereau (A. pseuclohairengus) nomôpinix 1. skua, jaeger (genus Stercorarius); 2. (less often) petrel 61;:obifiôil 11. (Eur.) great slçua, (Am ) skua (Stercorarius skua)

63ipbul 11. = Bnabconona xau3"rpita —Wilson's petrel ZTIIIHH0XB6 n. (Eur.) long-tailed skua, (Am)) long-tailed jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus) KO p OTKO XBI5 n. (Eur.) arctic skua, Richardson's skua, (Am.) para- sitic jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus) cpée,rinfi n. (Eur.) pomarine skua, (Am.) pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus) n. antarctic skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) nom6xa haze, mist nomnâno 1. (Am.) pompano (Trach,inotus carolinus); 2. (Aust.) dart (Trachinotus bailloni, etc.); (sec also TpaxmE5T) xpSirabel 11. permit, "round pompano" (Trachinotus falcatus) CJIHHi 11. = TpaxnnoT—blue pompano nomn6n pompom—a variety of goldfish nomcpopmx63 pomphorhynchosis—infestation by the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus nomcppeT 1. "Peruvian butterfish" (Stromateus palometa); 2. pomfret, Rays bream (Brama raii)

11011 = no,zucâmerun,nx — Cottus golrio nonepetniop6THe (p116m) Selachii (sharks, rays, etc.) nonepéimbnl transverse n. paapés cross-section nomad:ix 1. float, cork (for a net)—see also nânaan, 61716épa; 2. = naaaSniimx—phalarope 6epêcroBbig or 6epecTsm6i1 n. birch-bark float ,aepesumbig n. wooden float np6 6K0 BHP II. cork float nonwménne 1. recruitment, fish joining an exploited stock for the first time; 2. supplement; 3. reinforcements nonyrUi-pgi6a parrotfish; (pl.) Scaridae 06bi KH 0 B n. princess parrotfish (Scarus taeniopterus) néprn, 116p,tom 1. porgy—any member of the family Sparidae or sea- breams (mopcuAe KapacA); 2. American porgies of the genus Calam,us

nopéunin = BÉI,zwa— otter nopôr 1. threshold; 2. threshold value (of an effect); 3. rapids, cascades, cataract nop6Aa 1. kind, sort, type; 2. breed, race (developed by man's selection, e.g. mirror carp)

192 110p0HÔT

HopoHST (Am.) butterfish (Poronotus triacanthus) HoppcnieK63 porrocaecosis—infestation by the nematode Porrocaecum nopy4él1Hmx marsh sandpiper (Tringa stagnatilis) luHpoicomkTHLHI H. water parsnip (Sium latifolium) rwpclApa red laver (Porphyra leucosticta)—a seaweed HôpuHH group, batch [not part (of an organism)] Hopsiene 1. order; 2. sequence, series Hopsi,aKa 100 mr/m3 of the order of 100 mg/m3 ceTeil line of nets nocà,Twa 1. (of fish) planting, stocking, releasing; 2. (of nets) hanging, hang mopcxâil n. a type of hanging where each mesh is tied to the hanging line 11,71ÔTHOCTb 11-1(14 rate (or density) of stocking H. H 1/3, H. Ha 1/3 hung on the third H. Ha no.noEn'my hung on the half H. Ha 1/2, a farHHHe 4 smém hung on the half, with every fourth mesh tied C Hp6nycKom ousel ntlerl a type of hanging where one mesh is left free at the place where the hanging line is tied to the cork line (or lead line) 110Càg0 11HbIll adjective from nocà,roca n. K091:PHilHéHT "hanging coefficient"—the ratio of the horizontal dis- tance occupied by meshes equal in number to the depth of the net (in meshes), to the actual depth of the net before hanging ITOCKOHHFIK K0H0I1J1eBel,RHIDel thoroughwort (Eupatorium cannabinum) Hocaeae,mHx6HLHI postglacial (period) nod:id' 1. salting; 2. ambassador HocT,RopcàabHoe paccToùiHre post-dorsal distance (from the hind insertion of the dorsal fin to the base of the tail) 110CTOA1111,110CT0MaT(53 = gepHonsiTHAToe 3a6o.neBâtnie 110CT05iFIHIA constant, steady n - HaH npoexumn sustained yield HpogéHT constant percentage noTamormainzroH river plankton, potamoplankton—see also 6HOCTOK rurreHumàa potential 6HoTAgecicHii H. (ecol.) biotic potential nmneHoil n. see lungeBoil HoTépn 1. loss; 2. death 110TÔMCTBO progeny HOT(5 11}111K brooklime (Veronica beccabunga) Hcrrpe6.néme 1. utilization, consumption; 2. = noTpé6Hoc-rb KHUlop6ga 1. oxygen uptake; 2. oxygen requirement H. ruhtm 1. food consumed; 2. food requirement (see also fauLeicc) HoTpé6Hocrb requirement, need runuesùe H-TH food requirements

193 nOTbKa noTblca (Carpathian region) = caaâH-carp nô14euabIK kidney (adj.), nephritic nolbmasl pb16a = p916a-MHr-IMaH-midshipman, singing fish nôsic 1. region, zone; 2. belt, girdle aq)oTfIqecKHK rt. aphotic zone 6plotuH6H n. pelvic girdle BexépHH n. Venus's girdle (Cestus veneris)-a comb-jelly rpyRHÔH ri. pectoral girdle, shoulder girdle naeiIeBbH ri. = rpy,uHSK n. cnacâTejtbxblK n, lifebuoy, lifebelt npâBHJtbxbIH 1. correct, right; 2. adequate, satisfactory npâBHnbxasl Teôpxsl the right theory, a satisfactory theory npâxTHK 1. practical man; 2. non-scientist npâKTHlca practice, experience npâKTHKyM field work included in the course of a university student npel[r,na3Hl3I-IHa5I (KOCTb) preorbital (bone) npe,aKpbIiuézlHast (KOCTb) preopercular (bone), preopercle npe,I[JIeAHHKÔBbIIÎ preglacial npeAaHqftHKa prolarva, yolk-sac larva, sac fry, yolk fry, (Am.) fry- young fish from time of hatching to the time absorption of the yolk is complete. The first two terms are applied mainly to marine fishes, while fry is most used for freshwater ones. npeRnOtIHTâeMbIH preferred, favoured n-MaR TeMnepaTÿpa preferred temperature, selected temperature rlpeAÿcTbe region of a lake or sea lying just off the mouth or estuary of a river, pro-estuarine region

npej(ycTbeBÔIi pro-estuarine npecMbIKâlotlieecsi reptile; (pl.) Reptilia (a Class of vertebrates) npecxoBÔAHOCTb (of salmon) length of time spent in fresh water before going to sea npHaKâHT bigeye (Priacanthus arenatus) xnôHCKHH n. "Japanese bigeye" (P. macracanthus) npHaIilHTOSble bigeyes, Priacanthidae (a family of fishes) npxanÿjIHz( priapulid; (pl.) Priapulida (a small Phylum of marine worm- like animals) npH66H breakers, surf npH6péWHbIH alongshore, coastal npHBB,i[a ground bait (put out regularly, to attract fish) npHBâxcHBaTb, npHBa1(KTb to put out ground bait (regularly) npfIBOA "connecting piece"-portion of a seine between the bag or pocket (MOTHH) and the wings (KpbIJIbH) npHBblKilHHe familiarization, acclimation, conditioning

194 npxRâTOx

IIpxAâTOx 1. caecum (pl. caeca); 2. appendix (any kind) nH,aopfIqeclcxe npxAâTKH pyloric caeca. npH,i[ÔHHbIIi demersal, benthopelagic (living close to but not actually on the bottom) npHKOCnosénxe tangency, contact IIpxJII-IB high tide CFI3IdI'I3IiHblii n. spring tide npwtHnbio, npxiIxnâdta 1. shark sucker, remora (genera Echeneis, Remo- rd); 2. = npHc6cxa(3)-clingfish 6éaaH n. "white remora" (Remora albescens) xopoTxonëpax n. spearfish remora (Remora brachyptera) 06bIKHOBéHHaH n. = nOJIOc3TaSi II. noJlocâTax n. sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates) n. peMÔpa = cépaR n. cépasi n. remora (Renzora remora) TëMHaH n. = KOpOTKOnëpaH n.

npHm3nâ,aOBble remoras, Echeneidae npHj16B incidental catch, bonus catch (scarce or unusual fish taken along with those normally caught) npHMâHxa 1. bait, live bait; 2. troll, spinner; 3. chum-live fish re- leased to attract larger fishes, especially tuna. npHMÔpcxxH adjective from IIpHMÔpbe, the "Maritime Province" of the Pacific coast of the USSR (roughly, Vladivostok to the Amur River) npI3H4i3IIIH1JIbHbIIi pertaining to the heart of a matter (not principal) npHHIji3nHâJIbHOii p13HH4bI TÿT HeT there is no difference in principle npHnypHl-IIIa Purpura lapillics-a snail npxpbcT growth, gain, increment (in weight or length) npxc6cxa 1. sucker (of leeches, trematodes, etc.); 2. sucking disc, sucker (of lumpfish, gobies, lampreys, etc.); 3. (pl.) clingfishes (Gobiesocidae) 6pIOIUHâH n. ventral sucker, acetabulum OAHOuBeTHasl H. shore clingfish, Cornish sucker (Lepadogaster lepa- dogaster) nepéAllslx n. oral sucker nHTHIICTaH n. two-spotted clingfish (Diplecogaster maculatus) ToJtcTOpbixaR H. Connemarra clingfish (Lepadogaster candollei = L. d,ecandollei) npHcocxoable clingfishes, Gobiesoeidae npxcocxonëp clingfish; (pl.) Gobiesocidae AnÔHCKIdIi n. Misaki clingfish (Aspasma misakia) npncnoc06Aéxxe 1. acclimation (physiological response of an individual to a change in environmental conditions); 2. adaptation (an hereditary characteristic of a species that favours its survival in a given locality or habitat; 3. adaptation (the process of acclimation, ov of acclimatization -see axxjIHMaTH3âuH5i 2.) npl3cTnracTep Pristigaster cayamus-a clupeid fish of Brazil

195 nplicTHreHIi c npxcTHrexxc 1 . popeye catalufa (Pristigenys serrula) ; 2. Japanese eata- lufa (P. niphonia) npxcTHnôMa 1 . "notched grunt" (Pomadasys incisus) ; 2. (W Afr.) "Bennett's grunt" (Pristipoma bennetti) ; 3 . (pl.) Pomadasyidae = Pristipomatidae BOCbMHJIHHéiiHaH n . (W Afr .) "eight-striped grunt" (Parapristipoma octolineatum ) nojIOcâTax n . (Afr.) "striped grunt" (Parapristipoma humile ) ri. 06bIKHOBéHHaH (Afr .) "common Pristipoma" (Pristipoma suillum = Pomadasys suillus) cpeRH3eMHoM6pcxax n . (Atl. and Med .) "Mediterranean grunt" (Para- pristipoma mediterraneum ) TëMHaSl n. = noJIoClTaSi n. npxTÔx tributary, affluent npHTOHéxxe haul (of a drag seine ) npHTÔHOK the part of the web of a purse seine near the upper corners npHiué,aeu newcomer, cheechako xaHâACxHK H . Elodea canadensis-a water plant npoBâJi (geol .) subsidenc e npoReJIbcpHH dolphin of the genus Stenella BepTR=HCSi n . whirling dolphin (S. longirostris) MaJiâHCxKH n. Malay dolphin (S. dubia) nollocâTblH n . blue-white dolphin (S. caeruleo-albis) nstTHACTbIH n . spotted dolphin (S. pernettyi) y3AeuxosbIH n . bridled dolphin (S. frontalis) npoRbnbi-IbIK longitudinal npOAyKTHBHOCTb productivity ("those characteristic features of a popula- tion, community, or body of water which are responsible for a particular magnitude of production" ) npouÿxuHx (1) production (sense of Ivlev-see Chapter 1 of Winberg, 1968 ) *BaJIOBâSI H . gross production (= food assimilated) BTOpHtIHax n . secondary productio n *xâxtyuiaxcx n . apparent production (= sum of biomass increments) IiepsKiixasi n. primary production noTeHuHâaIbxasi H. potential production p916Ha5i n . production of fis h *cpaxTHEiecxasi n. actual production (= production) *mficTasi n. net production (= production) npouÿxuxR (2) yield, catch (see also ypo)câii, yjIÔB ) MaxCHMlJIbxaSI nOCTOSIHHaSI n . maximum sustainable yield npoxcKZHHa = Iloxtl3AxHa-bridles between cork line and lead line npoH3BO,i[IiTeJIb spawner, adult fish (of either sex) ; (pl.) brood stock npOId3BOj[i3TeJIbHOCTb productivit y *Winberg (1968) considers these terms to be either redundant or inexact, and re- commends that they not be used .

196 lIp0I-13B0,71,IiTeâbHOCTb

.716Ba fishing success: "the number of fish captured per unit of fishing effort" (Konstantinov) n. np6mBicaa production of the fishery: "the catch of fish per unit of fishing time. Fishing time is to include all supplementary activities." (Konstantinov) npoiczà,qxa plotting (a course) IIpOICeallBaTb, tIp0J10>KIITb tO plot a course npomexcSi'ToK interval, space (see also npocrpâncrso, paccrosixxe) mexcx(à6eplimil M. isthmus (of a fish) npomeTéesa piMa "Prometheus fish", rabbit fish (Promethichthys prome- theus) npownbcpone "Pacific giant grouper" (Epinephelus lanceolatus Promi- crops lanceolatus) npompa3Bé,zwa fish scouting service np6mbicea (gen. np6mBrcaa) 1. industry, trade, commerce; 2. a particular branch of industry; 3. = pÉI6Fibiti n.; 4. = ao3 pi;i6HEA n. the fishing industry, the fisheries npombiczômilil 1. commercial (pertaining to any industry); 2. (less often) industrial B0313pâT see Bonpfrr npox6c channel, distributary nponàpmm open lead in the ice, with vapour rising from it npélnycK escapement (of salmon past a fishery, or through a counting fence) npopàn side channel, cut-off npopé3bIBaTb, npope3à.rb to erupt (of teeth) npéco 1. millet; 2. (Murmansk region) appendicularians npocrap hold (of a ship) npocréenuee protozoan; (pl.) Protozoa (a Phylum of animals) npocTpâncTBo distance (see also npomex(Srroic, paccroshme) 3arablingnoe n. post-orbital distance (on a fish's head) HErrepop6wràdibnoe n. interorbital space (on a fish's head) mextr.713314Lnioe n. interorbital distance, interorbital space npoTàimna open reach (in an otherwise frozen river or lake) npoTa a 4-legged gilled salamander (Proteus); (pl.) Proteidae amepnxânciadi n. mudpuppy, waterdog (Necturus maculosus) esponéfiCKPIP n. blind salamander (Proteus anguinis) npoTeone4a.e3 proteocephalosis—infestation by the tapeworm Proteoce- phalus npOTHBO3axpy4FIBâTe.nb anti-twist device (for fishing lines) csvninUmil n. sinker keel IIpOTHBOIIOJI611CHIDIII OppOSed npoTmopetnisbnl opposed, reciprocal 197 11p6THCT np6TmcT protozoan; (pl.) Protozoa, Protista npoTo3oaa protozoea—a developmental stage of shrimps npoT6K side channel (of a river) (main channel = pS7cao) npoTommerocl) flashlightfish (Protomyctophum, crockeri) npoTonTep African lungfish (Protopterus) 60abui6i4 n. mamba (P. aethiopicus) 6S7phie n. "brown lungfish" (P. annectens) MJIbI II. "Zambesi lungfish" (P. amphibius) TêMHbIll II. "Congo lungfish" (P. dolloi) npoToTpoicr —a genus of the notai family Aplochitonidae aricTpaJegcmil n. "Australian grayling" (P. maraena) noBo3earàfi,mcmil n. , upokororo (P. oxyrhynchus) npoTouecbaaôn protocephalon—the anterior portion of certain entomostra- cans npôdmib 1. profile, outline; 2. cross-section; 3. range of characteristics 6HorFigpoaorffilecitHri n. profile of biological and hydrological conditions (usually across a river) altoaorAtiecKmel n. ecological profile—the range of environmental factors (or of one particular factor) tolerated by a species npoxo,resi pÉr6a diadromous fish (anadromous or catadromous) npy,R (adj. npygou6à) pond BbIpOCTFE5i1 II. = HarS/JIHbIei H. roaosii6f1 n. head pond, water-supply pond 3HMOBL1bHIDIII II. wintering pond mâTotnibdi n. brood-stock pond (sometimes also contains replacement stock) narSumbiel n. rearing pond, foraging pond, production pond nepecT6Bmil n. spawning pond, breeding pond, hatching pond IIp0H3136RCTEICHHbIlI n. = HarSunibifi n. n. ,RJIYI OX,II3A,11éHHSI 0600THOil BO,ZI,ÉI water-cooling pond pemeurrnmil n. replacement pond (pond used to rear, or to hold, addi- tional adult fish needed to replace losses among the breeding stock) pbi6os6Aubill n. fish pond, fish-rearing pond npy,aorgim 1. (pond) snail, gastropod; 2. "pond beetle" (Colymbetes) n. "bog snail" (Stagnicola palustris) MJIbIf n. "little pond snail' . (Galba trunculata) 06bIKHOBéHHbIii II. common pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) yulâcTbnl n. "big-eared pond snail" (Radix auricularia) SIIII1eBùAHbal n. "egg-shaped pond snail" (Radix ovata) npÉiraionlee frog, toad; (pl.) Salientia, Anura npurSin 1. jumper; 2. (fish) skipper; 3. touch-me-not (Impatiens)—a plant AJIHCTbIfl II. mudskipper (Periophthalmus); (pl.) Periophthalmidae Kawr6HereHil n. Canton mudskipper (Periophthalmus cantonensis) cxLmbal ri. "rockskipper" (Rupiscartes saliens)—a blenny npflmonëp "straightfin" (Notopterus notopterus) npHmonëpme Notopteridae ncâmmori psammon—organisms living between grains of sand on beaches

198 IICéB,1[0- ncén,rio- pseudo- ncen,iiopac6opa (E Asia) Pseudorasbora parva—a cyprinid fish nun Psenes—a genus of nomeid fishes ripospâtiribnl n. "medusa fish" (P. pelluciclus) ncelionenc (Indian O.) Japanese butterfish (Psenopsis anomala) nce'rro,r Psettodes—a flatfish; (pl.) Psettodidae a3Flà.TCKIIII rI. ASiall Psettodes (P. erumei) aci)pmcâncimil ri. AfriCall Psettodes (P. belchei) ncnxpombT y,LIFIBATeJIbHbIll = 3arà7oirrimil 6w-16R —tadpole sculpin ricxxpomb-ronbie tadpole sculpins (Psychrolutidae—often included in Cot- tidae) nTepoTplicca Pterothrissus (see reicy) quillfish (Ptilichthys goodei) IITYMHXTOBbIC quillfishes, Ptilichthyidae nTima bird; (pl.) Ayes (a Class of vertebrates) nyrodiôma "pugolovka"—gobies of the genus Benthophilus a36ficKasi n. "Azov pugolovka" (B. macrocephalus magistri) 3nê3,maTayi ri. "starry pugolovka" (B. stellatus) xacneriickari n. "Caspian pugolovka" (B. macrocephalus) n. 3eipLiac-ra (Ukr.) = 3e3,maTa5i gepHom6pcxa5I n. 3nê3,1itiavra5i nyroaônoLima gobies of the genus Benthophiloides BpàyHepa "Brauner's goby" (B. brauneri) nysaiiew shad (Black Sea and Caspian region—Alosa or Caspiatosa) —see also ceamb(2) arpaxâHcrn ri. "Agrakhan shad" (A. sphaerocephala) a3ôncxrdi n. "Azov shad" (A caspia tanaica) acTpaMAcKnek ri. "Astrabad shad" (A. easpia persica) 6arceniciarÉ1 n. "Baku shad" (natio saraica of knipowitschi) 6wibuierabbnl n. "big-eyed shad" (A. saposhnikovi) riyuâtkcxml n. "Danube shad" (A. caspia nordmenni) HJIbMéHCKIA n. "estuarine shad" (A. caspia aestuarina) xacrienIckn'É n. "Caspian shad" (A. caspia caspia) icpyrdIOFOJIóBhII n. "Agrakhan shad" (A. sphaerocephala) nowimaimônciaril n. = n. nadieocremciaill n., namiacr5mcxxiI n. "palaeostome shad" (A. easpia palaeost ami) Ca116)KliFIKOBCKIiii ri. 60JIbLLIen/Ià3bIll n. ceneponocT6gFaA ri. "northeastern shad" (A. cas pia sauna) cenepcncacrienIcknii n., cperinexacnrulcxxil n. "Caspian shad" (A. caspia caspia) cyB6poBcKHi n. "SUVOrOV'S shad" (A. suworowi) Liepricuw6pcitHil n. = gyriàfIcicie 9ri3e,inificxnei ri. "Knipovich's shad" (A. caspia knipowitschi) riy3bipëk 1. (small) bubble; 2. vesicle cemerni611 n. seminal vesicle

199 ny3bipnâTica ny3hipliânea bladderwort (Utricularia) 06bncHonéfinaH common bladderwort (U. vulgaris) n. Cpé,11,1451S1 "intermediate bladderwort" (U. intermedia) ny3Éipb 1. bubble; 2. bladder; 3. blow hole, air hole (of cetaceans) n. air bladder (of Fucus and other seaweeds) n. gall bladder n.nàBaTeabnbill n. swim bladder, air bladder (of fish) nyec (Ukr.) = ropmàx—bitterling nSifrrnyc Puntius—a genus of tropical cyprinids, including a number of com- mercial and pond fishes, also small aquarium fishes BI4LHHëBh1I ri. "cherry Puntius" (P. titteya) 6rneinibni n. "fiery Puntius" (P. conchonius) cymaTpâncmil II. = tieThipëxrioa6cmii néplibnl 11. "black Puntius" (P. nigrofasciatus) neTbipbcnoaôcbul n. "four-striped Puntius", "Sumatra Puntius" (P. te- trazona) nerupêxychill ri. "four-whiskered Puntius" (Barbodes pentazona) nyccyJm = êpHbII amST—black carp (Mylopharyngodon) nyTkcy blue whiting, putassu (Gadus poutassou) lemmas,' n. "southern putassu" (G. australis) nyrAna fishing season ny-rb path, way RbucâTeanbie urn respiratory apparatus n. cickra (seaward) migration route nyxoxpÉiabie caddis flies, Trichoptera nyxonoc Trichophorum—a marsh plant nyincomd.6epnbie fishes of the Order nyudina cotton grass, cotton sedge, bog cotton (Eriophorum) nynzLibrin, nyinàabrinna bottom-set gill net flJDKHK murrelet, auklet (compare Komora, eràpnx, Tyninc-nocopor) aneSrrciani n. Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticum) ,II,J11,1110 ICJIlb MIR n. = II&TpbdI KOPOTKOKTI1bEibffI n. = cepbnI n. nêcTpbril n. marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratum) cépbei ri. Kittlitz murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostre) yinkrbnI n. =maaan Komora—whiskered auklet FILIALdlli "pizhyan", "Ob whitefish" (Coregonus pidschian pidschian) (the Ostyak name) nbIJ11:41á pollen nbipa noasSmail "creeping couch grass" (Elytrigia repens) IIbIXTSTH = mopcxàn CI3HFILdl—harbour porpoise rISITMIéTKa 1. a fish (etc.) in its 5th year of life (age 4+)—see B63pacr; 2. five-year economic plan nyrrnSicrial Pentastomida (a Class of arthropods); (sing.) pentastomid II5IT1ILIJIeHHHR ditch stonecrop (Penthorum) IISITHIkTBIA mottled, speckled, spotted

200 pa6Hpy6H = xy6enicxer Aédrroxnocr—yellowtail snapper pamo.n6nambei (xsocr) homocercal (tail) pm-m.161'ml (pale) sowbug, pillbug, isopod; (pl.) Isopoda (an Order of crustaceans) paznâTa Radiata (a Superphylum of animais, including coelenterates and comb-jellies) pa,mo,n4HH radiolarian; (pl.) Radiolaria (a Subclass of protozoans) pa,gyaa radula—a ribbon bearing small teeth, in snails pa,ayturmila rainbowfish; (pl.) Melanotaeniidae rpe6efigenerian p. comb-scaled rainbowfish (Glossolepis incisus) ceurancxasi p. Sentana rainbowfish (Chilatherina sentaniensis) pa3 1. time, occasion; 2. (in counting) one aBa pa3a 66,71bLue twice as large, twice as much, twice as many Ana pà3a ménbiue half as large, half as much, etc. nyrrb pa3 ménbme one-fifth as large, etc. pa366eninx = nom6pxxx--skua, jaeger pane,,gérnie 1. culture, rearing; 2. dilution (= pas6aménne) ncxyccrnemioe p. artificial culture, artificial propagation pa33é,axa exploratory fishing, scouting pa3BeTBJ1ëHHI)Iel branched pa3,r(éaxa dressing, gutting (fish) pa3mblea soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria,) pa3.71A3 overflow pa3mép 1. size; 2. length p. sigépi mesh size, in "stretched" mesh, i.e. the distance between every second knot (Denisov). Compare mar Ylqéx. Tonàpnuil p. market size, marketable size pa3mépHocrb (phys., math.) dimension pa3miloAérme reproduction pa3Honefflocri, mutant, freak pa3Ho3S76 1. =libfl areSraa—horn shark; 2. (pl.) Heterodonta (a Sub- order of clams) pa3Honôrnil (mo.unbcx) heteropod; (pl.) Heteropoda pa3Fxmôrml (pax) see pax pax (adj. pâtrie) (see also paxoo6pà3noe, patIent) 1. crayfish; 2. any crustacean; 3. (pl.) = paicoo6pà3nbie Becalmed-re p. copepod; (pl.) Copepoda (a Subclass of crustaceans) BÉIC11.114fi p. malacostracan, higher crustacean; (pl.) Malacostraca AecyrrHerie p. decapod; (pl.) Decapoda

201 paK

AJIHHHOXBÔCTbIK p. macruran (, etc.); (pl.) Macrura wa6poH6rH%i p. branchiopod; (pl.) Branchiopoda KOrRA Ha rOpé pax CBIICTHeT once in a blue moon K0pOTK0XB6CTbI1ft p. crab; (pl,) Braehyura ,aHCTOIIÔrKH p. phyllopod, fairy shrimp; (pl.) Phyllopoda MRrKOXBÔCTbIfI p. hermit crab; (pl.) Anomura HII3uIKH p. entomostracan, lower crustacean; (pl.) Entomostraca (paLiôx is often used for entomostracans) n,IfocxorojtôBbIH p. (Aust.) shovelnose lobster (Thenus orientalis) paalloHSrHH p. isopod, sowbug; (pl.) Isopoda pa3H0H6rxK p. amphipod, scud; (pl.) Amphipoda paK L1lpéxxa Shrenck's crayfish (Cambaroides shrencki) pacluen,aexxoHÔrHH p. schizopod; (pl.) Schizopoda peltHÔK p. 1. (Eur.) (freshwater) crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis); 2. any Astacus or Cambarus (s.l.); 3. (pl.) Potamobiidae poTOIIbrHH p. = paK-6oroM6a TOHKOIIaHUI3pHbIIi p. leptostracan; (pl.) Leptostraca y3KOrtâablii p. "narrow-clawed crayfish" (Astacus leptodactylus) ycoH6rl3it p. barnacle, cirripede; (pl.) Cirripedia ulFlpoxollâdtblfi p. "broad-clawed crayfish" (Astacus asiacus) pax-6oroM61I praying shrimp (Squilla, etc.); (pl.) Stomatopoda pax-xpoT burrowing shrimp, mud shrimp ( Upogebia) ; (pl.) Upogebia, also Callianassidae pax-Ky3H&IHx stomatopod; (pl.) Stomatopoda (an Order of crustaceans) paIi-OTIIIéJIbffi3x hermit crab; (pl.) Paguridae (see also AxoreH) BT0pIhIH0-IIpSiM0XB6CTbIIi p. "straight-tailed hermit crab" (Ortl2opagurus) 06bIKH0BéHHbIIi p. ordinary hermit crab (Pagurus) paK-npxBHRéIIHe ghost shrimp (Callianassa) paK-u.je,nKÿH snapping shrimp (Alpheus); (pl.) Alpheidae pâxoBxlla 1. (of molluscs, barnacles, etc.) shell; 2. (of crustaceans) carapace, shell; 3. (of Sepia) cuttle-bone; 4. sink-hole (in karst topo- graphy) i43BeCTK6BaSI p. calcareous shell, limy shell XHTHHOSax p. chitinous carapace, chitinous shell yluHâx p. otic capsule, ear capsule pâxosxaa-I

202 paicoo6pa3Hoe

tigrauee p. higher crustacean; (pl.) Malacostraca (a Subclass of crusta- ceans) >Ka6pou6roe p. 1. branchiopod; (pl.) Branchiopoda (a Subclass of crustaceans); 2. = aca6poilôr Kopueroirôme p. rhizocephalan; (pl.) Rhizocephala (a Suborder of bar- nacles, parasitic in crustaceans) aucTou6roe p. phyllopod; (pl.) Phyllopoda (an Order of crustaceans) meuworpS7,71.oe p. ascothoracidian; (pl.) Ascothoracida (an Order of crus- taceans parasitic on echinoderms) Fdiamee p. entomostracan; (pl.) Entomostraca (a former Subclass that included the smaller crustaceans)

paK3h.tueoaoe p. see paKuncome — ostracod Topanfficonoe p. true barnacle; (pl.) Thoracica (a Suborder of barnacles) ycom5roe p. barnacle; (pl.) Cirripedia (an Order of crustaceans) paKomprinem crab-scorpion, eurypterid; (pl.) Eurypterida. (an extinct Class of arthropods) paKyunca, paxSinuca. 1. mussel (Mytilus)—see also mÉl,ama; 2. any marine clam, or even snail; 3. ostracod; (pl.) Ostracoda (an Order of crus- taceans) 6é,ilasi p. "white clam" (Spisula sachalinensis) Beauxaricrean p. giant clam (Tridaena) MiëCTKaY1 p. quahaug, cherrystone clam ( -Venus mereeneria) K6licKan p. horse mussel (Modio/us modio/us) muncoermafl p. (W A.t1.) bar clam, surf clam (Spisula solidissima) msincan p. soft-shell clam, sand gaper (Mya arenaria) necgalian p. = m}irxas1 p. npu6pbmaa p. -= hdtrxan p. crbee,66Fian p. common mussel (Mytilus edulis) qëpilayi p. "giant Pacifie mussel" (Crenomytilus grayanus) paK3huxouoe (paKoo6pa3noe) ostracod; (pl.) Ostracoda pa.xtua = C1330B op6 HKa—roller pâma frame icatieuan p. brail frame—used at the end of each wing of a large trap net, to direct fish back toward the heart pamclAx-r (S Am.) "new-world snoutfish" (Ramphichthys rostratus) pamc314XTOBLIe Rhamphichthyidae pal-maims' slender mola, truncated sunfish (Ranzania laevis) pàca (non-geographical) race: "an hereditarily distinct form, not separated geographically from the type species" (CFUSSR) pacMpa Rasbora—a cyprinid genus of E Africa and S Asia, includes some aquarium species infedicKasi p. "Indian Rasbora" (R. daniconius) pacKpaek a type of trawl designed to fish high off the bottom paexpÉrrne opening, aperture p. Tpàza aperture of a trawl (when fishing) pacru5pica stanchion paccaosiembnI (math.) stratified 203 paccmaTpxoaembig paccmàTpmaaembnI (something that is) under consideration

p - masf npo6,lléma the problem in question paccromme distance, interval (see also npocipâilc-rao, npommSrrox) BeErrpoariLibfwe p. distance from pelvic fins to anal fin mencraaarioe p. interorbital distance neicroaeFrrpaabaoe p. distance from pectoral to pelvic fins pacréfme plant, vegetation

agicume p - ma higher plants, phanerogams, spermatophytes C0057,11,11CTIDIe p-Hs1 vascular plants pacrpemErep = ibmafl cuSTD.46pHs1(1) paccpacéma filleting pac4lac6Bulmx, paccPacoammu,a filleter pacx6R expenditure p. BO,RÉI run-off pacerumx Isates—an aquatic pteridophyte pacuirniab 1. file; 2. angel shark (Squatina squatina); (pl.) Squatinidae pacui,én enlarged scales on either side of the anus and anal fin of mapi'mx11 pacuermexaône (pax) schizopod; (pl.) Schizopoda pacm,ello6pibxpie cyprinid fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae pa4m,aacxapHe3 rhaphidascaridosis—disease of freshwater fishes caused by the nematode Rhaphidascaris acus panneirrposue cobias, sergeantfishes, Rachycentridae pau,146a ration, rations, allowance (of food) no,a,gépmmaionve p. maintenance ration pati6x, pail& (gen. patixà) small crustacean, entomostracan; (pl.) Ento- mostraca (a Subclass of crustaceans) (see also pax, paiwo6pà3Hoe, LuATeab) BecaoHôniil p. copepod; (pl.) Copepoda (an Order of crustaceans) BeTBHCTOSTCbIll p. water flea, cladoceran; (pl.) Cladocera (an Order of crustaceans) JIHCTOHÔPI4e1 p. phyllopod, fairy shrimp; (pl.) Phyllopoda (an Order of crustaceans) paxSruntosmil p. conchostracan, clam shrimp; (pl.) Conchostraca (an Order of crustaceans) u.lëaxaimuml p. snapping shrimp (Alpheus) pàqba 'mama crab plover (Dramas ardeola) pRecr pondweed (Potamogeton) 6aec.Tsiamti p. shining pondweed (P. lucens) rpe6érigaTEHI p. sago pondweed (P. pectinatus) xyptiaabiti p. curly pondweed (P. crispus) ocrpoaÉlc-rxmii p. "sharp-leaved pondweed" (P. acutifolius) neaaallusei p. floating pondweed (P. natans) npoffleHnomicrabnI p. clasping-leaf pondweed (P. perfoliatus) pamoecrribul p. "variable-leaved pondweed" (P. heterophyllus) cnaBbcHyrbig p. flat-stemmed pondweed (P. zosterifolius P. compressus) TynomicTabdi p. "blunt-leaved pondweed" (P. obtusifolius)

204 peâKuHSI

peâxaHa reaction alrrHBHasI p. hydrogen-ion content, pH, active reaction pe6a reba (Cirrizina reba)-an Indian commercial cyprinid pe6pô rib pe6poBépxllslsl (KOCTb) epipleural (bone) peBÿxa - rarhpa-loon perpéccHSl (math.) regression, relationship (see also cBa3b) Ayroo6pâ3Ha5l p . (or c.) curved (or curvilinear) relationship npslMOJIHHéfIHax p . (or c.) straight-line (or linear) relationshi p pexcâK, pextb a floating 2-walled trammel net used for sturgeon in large rivers pe3HCTéHTHOCTb resistance (See COIIpOTHBJtAeMOCTb) peHA roadstead, anchorage peKâ river pexocTâB freeze-up (time when rivers are frozen) péxcHR (Aust.) king barracouta (Rexia solandri ) peMéHb-pli16a 1 . = câ6jix-pbi6a-cutlassfish ; 2. = ceJIbA5IH6ft Kop6.ab- king-of-the-herring, (pl.) oarfishes, Regalecidae peMHe3ÿ6 "sword-tooth dolphin" (Mesoplodon) aHTHJtbcKHIi p. Antillean sword-tooth (M. mirus) aT.naHTl3ttecxHH p . Sowerby's dolphin (M. bidens) KoMaHRôpcKHï-I p . Stejneger's beaked whale (M. stejnegeri) p. Kapji-Xÿ6ca Hubbs' sword-tooth (M. carlhubbsi) sIIIÔHCKHH p. Japanese sword-tooth (M. ginkgodens) peMHéu Ligula-a genus of tapeworms, found in fish peM6pa = cépasl npHJlHnâaa-remora peoCpI3JIbHbIIi rheophilie peCHI3 q Ka cilium pecHHr-IHasI (HHCpy36pxsi) 1 . infusorian, (pl .) Infusoria (a Class of proto- zoans) ; 2. ciliate, (pl.) Ciliata (a Subclass of protozoans ) peCHŸILIHbIIi (LIepBb) turbellarian, free-living flatworm ; (pl .) Turbellaria (a Class of flatworms)-see Typ6exjISIpHSI pecTâ (Beloozero) = rycTeph-white bream pecÿpcbl 1. reserves ; 2. resources KopMoBbie p. food supply, food resources ("the sum total of all plant and animal organisms and their decomposition products"-Borutsky, 1959) peTponi3HHa Retropinna-type genus of the , a notal family allied to smelts KopIOluxosax p . "New Zealand estuarine smelt" (R . osmeroides) o6bIKHOBéHHafl p . "New Zealand freshwater smelt" (R . retropinna) TaCMaHAÎICKaH p . "Tasmanian smelt" (R. tasmanica ) peluëTxa 1. lattice; 2. cage (of an elevator) ; 3. moveable box or tank (of a fish-lift)

205 pbounca phounta (Caspian) a small fishing boat pxcâma 1. golden plover (Charadrius); 2. certain other shore birds; 3. hybrid of wheat and rye amepIndnexasi 6ypoxpanasi p. (E Am.) American golden plover (Clia- radrius dominicus dominicus) 6éaaH p. (Antarctic) snow plover (Chionis alba) raSinag p. = xpycrin—dotterel 30.710TeICTa51 p., 3oaoTà51 p. (Eur.) golden plover (Charadrius apricarius) mLiasi 6é,Tian p. (Antarctic) little snow plover (Chionis minor) pâtimr p. (Indian O.) crab plover (Dromas ardeola) ci46ApcKasi 6ypoKpibiaz p. (E Asia and W Am.) Asiatic golden plover (Charadrius dominicus fulvus) pn6élib (Ukr.) = pEa6én,—vimba peurzeg -= coirnitonasi tiepenbca—ridley peDKcianl adjective from PAra pHaamta, pnaonKa (Danube region) = gynâilcKnk ny3an6K—Danube shad pn3614,tt rhizoid, hold-fast (of large algae) pknirrpàa ring-trawl (a conical net used to catch fish larvae) pentyc, pi;inyca, pelnyicc 1. = aà,a0)ICCKI-111 pAnyc; 2. (Neva R.) a psinyni- Ka more than 10 cm long .71à,aomtcrcnizi p. "ripus", "Ladoga cisco" (Coregonus albula laclogensis) innéAcmill p. "Swedish cisco" (Coregonus albula vimba) pm rice no,t1Hni611 p. wild rice (Zizania a,quatica) AaabuenocrôtnibnI no.asuiôri p. Asian wild rice (Zizanie lotit olia) itanà,vxmil p. = BO,W11-1611 p. plicPosme damsel fishes, Pomacentridae pon.no (Am.) snook (Centropomus undecimalis) rpe6éFigaToe p. tarpon snook (C. pectinatus) màaoe p. (Am.) little snook (C. parallelus) ponaonbie snooks, Centropomidae porinta 1. = neThipëxpôraz p.; 2. any Myoxocephalus; 3. horned frog (Ceratophrys) aasiciamcKaR p. "Alaska fourhorn sculpin" (Myoxoceplialus quadricornis hexa,cornis) awrapierùtiecKasi p. "antarctic sculpin" (Harpagifer) no.uocàTaa p. = no,nocàTxa—sea raven ,gaahnenocTôtmasl p. belligerent sculpin (Megalocottus platycephalus) 143MéHill4BaSI p. " variable horned frog" (Ceratophrys varia) aàoAcicasi p. "Ladoga sculpin" (Myoxocephalus quadricornis likrinbergi) .71eAoswromôpcxa5i p. "Arctic fourhorn sculpin" (Myoxocephalus quadri- cornis labradoricus) onéAcKan p. "Onega sculpin" (Myoxocephalus quadricornis onegensis) cénepnag p. southern sculpin, father lasher, sea scorpion (Myoxocephalus scorpius) tre.rbiTëxpôrasi p. fourhorn sculpin, four-spined sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis)

206 porâTKOBble

porâTxoBble sculpins, Cottidae porâti 1. stag; 2. ray of the genus Hobzcla cpeAH3eMHOM6pcxKrR p. devilfish (M. mobula) porôxta a device used to catch mullets (the fish are driven and, leaping from the water, are caught in flat wooden trays about 1 X 15 metres, and 15-20 cm deep) por63 cat-tail, reedmace (Typha) y3KOJII3CTHbIii p. narrow-leaved cat-tail (T. angustifolia) LIIHpOKOJII3CTHbIIi p. broad-leaved or common cat-tail (T. latifolia) poro3ÿ6 barramunda, Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) poroltHcTHHx coontail grass, hornwort (Ceratoplzyll2cm demersum) porÿllbxHK water chestnut (Trapa natans) poA (biol.) genus pORHi3x spring brook poxiôK 1. small horn; 2. (rarely) antenna, feeler (of insects) pôJIxK, po,nbc bollard pôalbMonc -a type of poM6 1. turbot (Rhombus maximus); 2. (E Atl.) "southern turbot" (Pla- tophrys podas); 3. (pl.) Bothiidae-see also TIOp66, xanxâH 6ojIbluUt p. (Eur.) turbot (Rhombus maximus) r,naRxHl^t p. (Eur.) brill (Rhombus laevis = R. rhombus) xâpllxxoBblK p. "Norwegian dwarf flounder" (PTzrynorhomb2ts norvegiczcs) p6M6x-pb16bl boarfishes, Caproidae p6M6xx boarfish Kp3CHbIii p. "red boarfish" (Antigonia rubescens) p6M6OBble lefteye flounders, Bothidae poM6OCO1IesI -a genus of southern-hemisphere flatfishes pÔHKa, pÔHICO (see also XeMyjIÔH) 1. grunt (genus Haemulon); 2. ronko (Baardiella chrysura) poHlca-xeHHryaIIO "golden-lined grunt" (Bathystoma a2crolt:neatzcm) poxxa,aop 1. roncador (Pomadasus incisus); 2. (E Pae.) spotfin croaker (Roncador stearnsi); 3. (NE Pac.) yellowfin croaker (Umbrina ronca- dor); 4. "Peruvian grunt" (Brachydeuterics) POCT growth KOHCT1HTa pÔCTa no 1.uMaJlbrly3eHy (See KOHCT1HTa) cKÔpocTb pôcTa growth rate pocflHxa sundew (Drosera) POT (gen. pTa) mouth B6pxaxf4 p. superior mouth BbIABH?KHÔŸI p. protractile mouth KOHÉLIHbIÏ'I p. terminal mouth HI'I}KHHIi p. inferior mouth no.nyHf4)HHxH p. subterminal mouth

207 poTâH

poTâH 1. = ro,noséluxa-Perccottus glehni; 2. = 6â6a-pbi6a-haitej sculpin; 3. = 6bl,461t-poTâH-rotan goby xacnl3iicxHIi p. "Caspian rotan goby" (Neogobius ratan goebeli) poToH6rI3H (pax) stomatopod; (pl.) Stomatopoda (a group of crustaceans) p6ynbC roller, fairlead p6xatesbte guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae) p6xitx 1. guitarfish (Rhinobatos granulatus); 2. other species of Rhino- batos and of allied genera poxy rohu (Labeo rohita)-a tropical cyprinid pyaéra oilfish, ruvetta (Ruvettus pretiosus) pyxâ 1. arm; 2. hand MopcKâR P. Alcyonium-a coral; (pl.) Alcyonaria (an Order of coelente- rates) pyKOH6ree brachiopod; (pl.) Brachiopoda (a Phylum of animals) pyxonëpble goosefishes, anglerfishes, Lophiidae pyxoRTxa 1. handle; 2. shaft (of vomer) pyjiesâsl pbi6a 1. = nojIocâTax cepH6.na-banded rudderfish; 2. 6ep- MÿRcxl3H xHCP03-Bermuda chub, rudderfish pyJIëx ceMexxxxâ gubernaculum of the testis pydteH "eye-spot wrasse" (Crenilabrus ocellatus) pydIéxa = 3exeHÿulxa(1)-sea parrot p^HHbIÎi 1. in shoals, in large masses; 2. fleece (adj.), fleece-like p. xoR mass migration, main run pyH6 1. fleece; 2. shoal (of fish) pÿnnKx wigeon grass (Ruppia maritima) pycAx (Dnepr region) = T4epHOM6pcxa5i cedIb1[b-Black Sea shad pycâJtxa mermaid pÿcam channel, main channel (of a river-side channel = rnpoT6x) pylIéH (adj. pytIbes6ï^) brook pyL1éHHxx caddis fly; (pl.) Trichoptera pbi6a (adj. pb16HbIi3, pbiftfl) fish (see also under the adjective preceding p916a); (pl.) Pisces (a Class of vertebrates) aHaRpoMHax p. anadromous fish (travelling upstream to spawn-usually from the sea to fresh water) 6ejioxp6na5I p. = 6enoxp6axa-glassfish B9ICiuxe pb16bl Teleostomi, true fishes (i.e. excluding elasmobranchs and lampreys) 1teMepcâabHax p. = npxR6HHaA p. AI3aApoMHax p. diadromous fish (anadromous or catadromous), a fish that performs breeding migrations jr,6HHa5t p. bottom fish, groundfish (these terms are often used to include "demersal" fish) xaTaRpoMHax p. catadromous fish (travelling downstream to spawn- usually from fresh water to the ocean)

208 pgi6a

KocrAcrue pr;i6N bony fishes, Teleostei 3'fruiasi p. 1. large fish; 2. (esp. pl .) = c6pHaH p. mé,intafl p. fry, small fish metieHan p. marked fish, tagged fish narmpônotulasi p. breaded fish nàxu,bipriasi p. armoured fish, plaeoderm; (pl.) Placodermi naememllh pÉi6bi brood fish, breeders nanynpoxo,tefl p, semi-anadromous fish (a fish that spawns in fresh water, and descends to or adjacent brackish parts of a sea for feeding) npH,a6miafl p. , near-bottom fish upon/mm.7161:m p. edible fish, useful fish, commercial fish npoxo,anàfl p. = ,rulazpôivinan p. (usually anadromous) pacrwreamoé,mam p. vegetarian fish, plant-eating fish—usually TOJICTO- a6 6PncH pgi6m Icwrâilexoro Kemnaexca see amSrp, Toncroa56 co.neHomoritiëHasi p. kippered fish, (fish heavily salted and smoked) côpHasi p. coarse fish croaônafi p. table fish, edible fish slum:Iasi p. immature fish, non-breeding fish pgi6a- (for compound words starting with pÉi6a, see also under the noun following the hyphen) pE16a-àxrea 1. angelfish (Holacanthus, etc.—see ânrea); 2. angelfish (Rhina ancylostoma) wurronoa6cas1 p. "gold-banded angelfish" (Pomacanthus ciliaris) nmnepaTôpcicasi p. Imperial angelfish (Pomacanthus imperator) cépasi p. gray angelfish (Pomacanthus arcuatus) pgi6a-6à6oluta 1. (marine) butterflyfish, chaetodont, (pl.) Chaetodontidae; 2. (Afr.) freshwater flying fish (Pantodon buchholtzi); (pl.) Pantodon- tidae rwastiaTaH p. spotfin butterflyfish (Chaetodon ocellatus) joixEmoH6can p. longsnout butterflyfish (Chelmon rostratus) 3e6posan p. "zebra butterflyfish" (Chaetodon semicircularis) o6imionémian p. "common butterflyfish" (Chaetodon lunula) gepHotienpâtmasi p. "saddle-cloth butterflyfish" (Chaetodon ephippium) tierbipëxrabail p. foureye butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus) pÉt6a-6eick 1. snipefish (Macrorhamphosus scolopax); 2. "southein snipe- fish" (Notopogon lillei) pgi6a-6é.Inca squirrelfish, soldierfish; (pl.) Holocentridae (see also pg16a- COJI,LE,àT) Kw-MT-Iasi p. "spiny squirrelfish" (Holocentrus spinifer) p. 5IKo6a blackbar soldierfish (Myripristis jaeobus) pi;i6a-noptiSni 1. = Boptqm—grunt; 2. (S Afr.) blotched grunter (Poma- dasus maculat us) and spotted grunter (P. operculare); 3. (Afr.) perche de mer (Pristipoma spp.); 4. "bigeye grunt" (Pristipomoides macroph- thalmus); 5. (pl.) grunts, Pomadasyidae pel6a-rwràpa guitarfish, shovelnose ray; (pl.) Rhinobatidae pÉr6a-rozonàcrxx "tadpole snailfish" (Gyrinichthys niinytremus) mahimahi, dolph'in; (pl.) Coryphaenidae

209 p9i6a-A6,vIap pb16a-R6,11xap (S Am.) "dollarfish" (Methynnis, Myleus) pbi6a-e1[HHop6r unicornfish (Naso unicornis) pb16a-ëxc porcupine fish (Dioclon) pb16a-exHRHa = xaydIH6A viperfish pb16a-xxeMUyxtxxua pearlfish; (pl.) Carapidae = Fierasferidae (see Kapa- nyc) sln6Hcxa5i p. "Japanese pearlfish" (Jordanicus sagamianus) pv16a-3é6pa zebrafish, scorpionfish (Pterois volitans) pb16a-3épxajio silvery pomfret (Pampus argenteus) KHTâHCKHH P. "Chinese pomfret" (P. chinensis) p916a-3MéKxa = Mopcx6K RpaK6HllxK-weever scorpionfish pb16a-xâMexb stonefish (Synanceia horrida and other species) pb16a-KanxTâH (E Atl.) "captainfish" (Otolithes macrognathus) Madtop6Tast p. smallmouth captainfish (0. brachygnathus) pb16a-KâTOpxtHHK sheepshead, convictfish (Archosargus probatocephalus) pb16a-KJ16yH frogfish; (pl.) Antennariidae pb16a-KOHb (SW Ati.) Congiopodus peruvianus pb16a-KpâCHbIIÎ MeLI ; (pl.) Hn6HCKHIÎ KpâCHbIIi Mei-I Japanese bandfish ( schlegeli) pb16a-KpeBéTKa, pIi16a-KpHBOXB6CTKa = KpHBOXB6CTKa-razOrfish pb16a-xyp6K = xyp6K-filefish pb16a-,nâcTo,aKa 1. = cepe6pl3cTax p.; 2. (p1.) swallowfishes, Monodac- tylidae = Psettidae; 3. = TpHrita-gurnard p. LIITpâyxa = Ma,nonëpasl TpAr,na-shortfin gurnard cepe6pl3cTasi p. silver batfish, kitefish (d'lonodactylus argenteus = Pset- tus argenteus) pb16a-JIéHTa ribbonfish; (pl.) Trachipteridae or Trachypteridae p. HIIn3K1BbI "Ishikawa's ribbonfish" (Trachipterus ishilcawai) pb16a-jIKpa dragonet (Callionymus)-see Mbllub-itHpa, necKâpxa pb16a-jiHc'r (S Am.) leaf-fish (Monocirrhus polyacanthus) pb16a-jIonzTa 1. (E Atl.) "African spadefish" (Chaetodipterus goreensis); 2. (pl.) spadefishes, Ephippidae aMepHKâHcxasl p. Atlantic spadefish (Chaetoclipterus faber) Icpÿrnax p. "round spadefish" (Ephippus orbis) pb16a-J16uMaH pilotfish (Naucrates ductor) pb16a-JlxrylllKa smooth lumpsucker (Aptocyclus ventricosus) p916a-MI%hIMaH midshipman (Porichthys) aT,aaHTf4TIecxax p. Atlantic midshipman (P. porosissimus) THxooxeâHcxax p. plainfin midshipman (P. notatus) pb16a-MOTbIJIëK = MOTbIJIëK(2) pb16a-nâpycxxK = nâpycHxK(1)-sailfish p916a-nacTyl.u6x man-of-war fish (Nomeus gronovii)

210 pÉi6a-nmc pÉ16a-nHm (Am.) spadefish (Chaetodipterus) pgr6a-noa3H = àHa6ac—climbing perch pl;i6a-noilypi;Ln halfbeak; (pl.) Hemirhamphidae pi;i6a-Horlyràfi parrotfish; (pl.) Scaridae pÉr6a-HpHcôcKa clingfish; (pl.) Gobiesocidae (see HpHc6cica) pgr6a-HpmrS7H = npmrSni—mudskipper pE;16a - nwràrc 1. (Atl.) deepbody boarfish (Antigonia capros); 2. (pl.) Caproidae A6a-pÉigapb 1. (Aust.) knightfish (Cleitiopus glorimaris); 2. (pl.) pine- cone fishes, Monocentridae (see also uninietnimc) pÉi6a-cà.6,7m cà6asi-pgr6a pgi6a-csi-ICTSULTDICa see CBFICTS7J1Ka pÉr6a -cer»Kbrr = cepAàFrr-pgi6a—sergeantfish pr;i6a - co6àKa "poison wrasse" (Lachnoleimus maximus)

p1ld6a - co6áInca (SW Atl.) "dog blenny" (Blennius fissicornis)

A6a - cozer soldierfish (Holocentrus hastatus); (pl.) Holocentridae (see also pgr6a-6é.inca) piMa-c6,1HieqHmc .= c6imetunix( 1 )

pà6a - cocH6nas1 unhinea I. pine-cone fish (Monocentrus japonicus); 2. (pl.) pine-cone fishes, Monocentridae

pgi6a - criSmunc I. lembus rudderfish (Kyphosus lembus); 2. (pl.) rudder- fishes, pilotfishes, chopas, Kyphosidae pi;i6a-crapSnuxa "ancient wrasse" (Boclianus iagonensis) piMa-Ton6pHK = Ton6pmc(2)—hatehetfish pgi6a-Tp9-6a = clmeilTopbm—trumpetfish

pÉi6a - Tpsinxa ragfish (Icosteus aenigmaticus); (pl.) Icosteidae piMa-yAHJihtHmt goosefish (Lophins americanus); (pl.) goosefishes, anglers, Lophiidae

pÉr6a - cPoHàpb lanternfish (Myctophum)

pgr6a-xHp$rpr = xHpSipr—surgeonfish

pÉi6a -map 1. bandtail puffer (Sphoeroides spengleri); 2. checkered puffer (S. testudineus)

pgr6a - siinepHna lizardfish; (pl.) Synodidae (see also Huleponnân) Hacrosimag p. true lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis) maHHëHHaix p. "elongate lizardfish" (Saurida elongata) pm6àK, pm6apb fisherman (especially commercial) phiôàmta (colloquial) fishing (for sport), angling rméxarb Ha phinaxy to go fishing pm6àqrca fisherwoman. phi6é1.1 I. vimba, zanthe (Vimba viinba); 2. (Azerbaijan) -= rbAHasi 6eao- nubma—southern white eye; '3. (Asia) = meaxotrem5H1Hbiel )Kurronêp

211 pb16éu

xacnKHcxHK p . "Caspian vimba" (V. v. persa) MaxelL6HCICHH P. "Macedonian bream" (Abramis melanops) MLIbIH p. "little vimba" (V. v. tenella) cajiri3pcxHK p . "Salvir vimba" (V. v. tenella-karasuensis) ,qeplloM6pcxo-a36BCxHfI p . "Azov vimba" (V. v, carinata) pb16éu-jio6â,q "Berg's vimba" (Vimba vimba bergi) nb16ëIIIKa 1. small fish, "minnow"; 2. young fish, fry pb163aB6R fish plant njiaBÿtmK p . factory ship pI;i6Hua = pI;16Ka pb16HUta a very large fish pbi6xa 1 . a small fish ; 2. silverfish (Lepisma)-an insect 6oHljoBâ5I p . fighting fish (Betta splendens ) AepeBRHHast p . plug, lure (for angling) -especially those which resemble a small fish >xeMtIÿxtxasl p. pearlfish (Fierasfer, Carapus ) xcHBOpoAflluxe pb16xH small viviparous fishes, especially poeciliids (mos- quitofish, mollies, etc .) 30JIOTâst p. goldfish (Carassius auratus ) atherinid pâAylullax p . "rainbow fish" (Melanotaenia maccullochi)-an aquarium fish slKueBkAHax 3MOTâx p . egg variety of goldfish pb16KOJIR63 fishery collective, fishery co-operative pb1 6oB 6.I[ fish culturist, fishery manager . fish management pb16oB6j[CTBO (adj . pb160B6Jl,HbIIi) 1 . fish culture ; 2 pb16OéA fish-eate r pb16o3MéIi a caecilian (Ichthyoptis ) pb16oJIbB 1. angler, (sport) fisherman ; 2. = cepe6pAcTasl t-Iâi-IKa-herring gull ; 3. = pb16âx; 4. fishing bat (Noctilio leporinus) ; 5. (N Am.) fisher (Martes pennanti ) pb16oJI6BCTBO fishery, fishing industry . (Denisov says that npOMbICJIÔBbIÎi and npôMblceai are old-fashioned, as applied to fisheries, and prefers pb16oJIÔBHbIii and pb16OJI6BCTBO .) pb16onac6c fish pump (used with lights to catch Caspian kilka) pb16onHTÔMHIiK fish hatchery, fish nursery pb16OnOj(ëMHIiK fish elevator, fish lif t pb16onpO,uyKTABHOCTb (BoAoëMa) standing crop (biomass) of fish per unit area in a body of water (Denisov ) npOMbICJIÔBast p . yield in weight per unit of area (Denisov) pb16onpoRÿxqH5i (BoRoëMa) total biomass of fish in a body of water (Denisov ) npoMbICJIÔBaH p . yield-the total weight of fish removed in the course of a year (Denisov ) pb160npOMbIIIIJIeHHIiK fishery manage r

212 pbr6ox6,a phi6ox6,1J, fishway, fish pass JléCTHHIMbIll p. fish ladder phi6 0oc0 3shicrneHHEA (adj.) fishery, fisheries (commercial) pm6oxo3crao commercial fishing, the fishing industry pm6osimepa ichthyosaur pu[6x(53 = pbr6KOJIXÔ3—fishery co -op pÉi6bi see pi;i6a pÉi6bn B011113 fish louse; (pl.) Branchiura—a group of ectoparasites related to the copepods (Crustacea) pbnicemélbta = Kpacno366asi xa3àpm—red-breasted goose pexant (Black Sea) 1. = 6mtleme-ry6à1—"guban goby"; 2. = 61,itiene- pl'aloix—"mushroom goby" pÉiao snout, pre-orbital region of the head

pÉmapb - pgi6a = pgi6a - cocenag infinnta —pine - cone fish pilIKa (North) fyke net (a tapered type with many hoops) pn6én =cPopé.11b—trout pH6i5R (Black Sea, local) = 6Liti6K-mtà6a—toad goby psi6na sea-scorpion (see ullipoicoa66Ka)

pù6tinic 1. "grey wrasse" (Crenilabrus griseus); 2. = nepenéaxa —quail wrasse psi6B ripple (on the surface of the water) pg,EQ 1. row, sequence; 2. series, distribution napnaini6rneDnI p. ,runni length frequency distribution psDK or prim. a small trap net psinynnta, plinyxa (Am.) cisco, (Eng., Scot.) vendace, (Ireland) , (Wales) houting (fishes of the subgenus Leucichthys of the genus Coregonus) 6aJmiticitasi p. = enponéfIcKayi p. 6eao3épcman p. "Belozero cisco" (Coregonus albula vessicus) 6ezom6pcKafl p. "White Sea cisco" (Coregonus albula maris-albi) Bogao3épcitan p. "Vodlozero cisco" (Coregonus albula vodlosericus) eaponacmall p. vendace, "European cisco" (Ger., kleine Marilne) (Core- genus albula) o3épHan p. (Am.) cisco, lake herring (Coregonus artedeii) nepecahcleasi p. "Pereslavl cisco" (Ceegonus albula pereslavicus) cm6ApcKan p. Siberian cisco (Coregonus sardinella) TàmcKasi maaoperran p. "Tym pond smelt" (Hypomesus olidus bergi) psicua duckweed (Lemna) mânnemcasi p. lesser duckweed (L. minor) Tpoillia•rail p. star duckweed (L. trisulca)

213 ca6ae3y6 1. sabretooth tiger (Smilodon); 2. sabretooth (A.noplogaster cor-. nuta)—a deepwater beryciform fish cà6,usi 1. sabre; 2. = ceust - pi;i6a cà6asi - p1;16a 1. (Eur.) = ex6Hb--"sabrefish"; 2. (Am.) Atlantic cut- lassfish, hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus); 3. (pl.) cutlassfishes, scabbard- fishes, Trichiuridae renaz c. "little hairtail" (Trichiurus muticus) TmooKeàHcKast C. Pacific cutlassfish (Trichiurus nitens) TmooKeàFicKasi xsocrà-raz C. scabbardfish (Lepidopus xantusi) Siromas c. (E Ad.) black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) XBOCTà.Ta51 C. (Atl.) frostfish (Lepidopus caudatus) iimmasi C. (Aust.) southern frostfish (Lepidopus lex) casàpa sawara (Scomberomorus niphonius) cama 1. white-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala); 2. (local) = mopùxxa —long-tailed duck casom (Carpathian region) -= ëpw—ruffe

3e,iiëxbiiI C. noaocà-rmil ëpw —"striped ruffe" càrprra Sagitta (a genus of arrow-worms) caeic 1. (fish) pond, tank; 2. pot (of a pound net or fyke net); 3. trap (of a weir); 4. keep net, holding net; 5. oyster reef mœsopù6ribiei C. fish pond, nursery pond (see also npy,a) caxcLuica L planting device; 2. small fish pond câmoexh. sajene (= 2.134 metres) mopcxàfl C. fathom (1.829 metres = 6 feet) casàn (from Turkic languages) (wild) carp (Cyprinus carpio) amSipcmil c. "eastern carp (C. c. haematopterus) AaJlbHeBOCTÔtffibIel C. = amSrpcimil c. ca3às- ycàq "Turkestan barbel" (Barbus capito conocephalus) càfige (Eur.) coalfish, saithe, greencod, (N Am.) pollock (Gadus virens P ollachius virens) cepe6pÉcTasi C. = cL1a càfixa arctic cod, polar cod (Boreogadus saida) càfipa Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) x'apaxxosan c. "dwarf saury" (C. adocetus) càfiposse saunes, skippers, Scomberesocidae caKcIneàsa Saxicava and related clams caaâra (L. Onega) = 3/maim—bleak caaàga (adj. caaâilliml) Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) caaàxyluKa 1. (Sakhalin) = yflx—capelin; 2. small herring; 3. sprat caaamàwa salamander (see also am6Acroma, TphoH) aabruiticKan c. = tiëpHasi C. 214 caaamâapa

amepmcbmean rxràrrrcreasi c. Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) 6e3aëroluibie c-,apbr lungless salamanders, BeCéH1-151S1 C. (by mistake for po,aumcg5Basi c.) rôpHayi C. = tiëpHan C. ,aayamiéeixan C. (Am.) two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) eBponacKan nemépHasi C. European cave salamander (Hydromantes genei) HcnoaenicKasi c. (E Asia) giant salamander (Megalobatrachus japonicus) xamà3cicasi C. Caucasian salamander (Martensiella caucasica) 0.par1toBaYI C. (Manaus guadridigitatus) xpacHocnenixasi c. (Am.) red-back salamander (Pleated« cinereus) xpyrixonsiTmIcTasi c. (N Am.) large-blotched salamander (Ensatina klauberi) aycwrixcxan C. "Spanish salamander" (Chioglossa lusitanica) Hacrosiffle c-,apm true salamanders, ônieuxag c. = nymnicTasi C. otut6Basi c. three-toed salamander (Salanzandrina terdigitata) nomémuan c. (Am.) (Typhlotriton spelaeus) npH6pé.axas1 c. (Am.) many-lined salamander (Stereochilus marginatus) nsiTHAcTasi c. (Eur.) common or fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) po,rwm6Ban C. (Am.) spring salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) pytibeBàyi C. (Am.) brook salamander (Eurycea) c.nenân c. (Typhlomolge rathbuni) crp6Huan c. (Am.) slender salamander (Batrachoseps attenuatus) Têmxasi C. (Am.) dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) TpixoomeàxcKasi r6prian c. "Pacific mountain salamander" (Ensatina eschscholtzi) qëpxast c. (Eur.) black salamander, mountain salamander (Salamandra atra) 5111(5FICKaSI rin-bucKasi C. = HCII0JAHCKel C. càaamcc = aarnuâ-pm6a—Salangichthys microdot càaaruccompie Salangidae—a family of east-Asian anadromous fishes allied to smelts cazà.T salad mopcKUI c. sea lettuce, sea laver (Ulva) caaâqribref Baltic herring (adj.) cannuepm 1. tetras—aquarium fishes of the family Characidae; 2. a name applied to small characinoid fishes generally rway3y6bre C. Ilemiodontidae caabBAHNYI naàBaromayi floating moss, floating fern (Salvinia natans) câmpria salp; (pl.) Salpae, Thaliacea (a Class of ) caawrô (of whales, sturgeons, etc.) leap, jump camapHc Samaris—a genus of tropical flounders camom3péAmBarme "self-thinning" (a term used in forestry to describe the dying-off of surplus seedlings and young trees in a dense stand; applied by Nikolsky to certain fish populations) camoaels trap (automatic)

215 caH,Aanxa caHAa,nKa (L. Sandal) = pslnylllxa-cisco caHrBxHYIKOJIë3, caHrEiiHidlCoJI63 sanguinicoliasis-a disease of cyprinids caused by the distome trematode Sanguinicola, inhabiting the blood caHAôB harpoon, spear canna = ayHâclx- canpojierxxba fungus, saprolegniosis-a condition where fish or fish eggs are covered externally by hyphae of or Achyla cancâll = c6 Koji(1)-peregrine falcon (the Kalmyk name) capâllxa (Kamchatka) a species of chocolate lily or rice-root (Fritillaria kamtschatica) CapAHHbIii xl3xcÿTI a coho exhibiting skin lesions that contain myxosporidians of the genus Henneguya. The name is from capâHKa, whose tubers vaguely resemble the lesions capr (Afr.) sargo (Sargus rondeleti = S. sargus) TyllOpbITIbIIi C. (S Afr.) white stumpnose (Rhabdosargus globiceps) caprâ = apâAbcxax rIJIOTBâ-Aral roach caprâH 1. = O6bIKHOBéHHbIÎi c.; 2. (pl.) , Belonidae aT1IaHTI3LIeCKi3Ii C. = O6bIKHOBéHHbII3 C. rxrâHTCKHH c. giant gar (Tylosurus giganteus) ,ISaJibHeBOCTÔiIHbIkI C. = Ti3XOOKeâHCKi3Ii C. KpOKOj(üTIOBbIIi C. houndfish (Tylosurus crocodilus) JIeHTOBIIj[HbIIi C. (Atl.) flat needlefish (Ablennes hians) 06bIKHbBéHHbIf4 c. (Eur.) garfish, gar pike (Belone belone) rIJIOCKOTéJIbIIi C. = JIeHTOBI3Z(HbIft C. IISITHIiCTbIIi C. = JIeHTOBI%I,i(HbIIi C. Tl3xooxeâllcxHH c. round-bodied garfish, green gar (Tylosurus anasto- mella = Strongylura anastomella) 1IepH0iv16pcxxK C. Black Sea garfish (Belone belons euxini) LIepHoxBÔCTbII%I C. "black-tailed needlefish" (Strongylura strongylura) caprâHOSbie needlefishes, garfishes (family Belonidae) capraxoo6pâaxble an Order of fishes-Beloniformes or Synentognathi câpro 1. (Eur.) sea bream (Sargus); 2. (E Pac.) sargo (Anisotremus davidsoni) câpryc (W. Atl.) sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) capAéjIb (Odessa region) Black Sea (or Mediterranean) sprat (Clupea sprattus phalericus) capl[éJibKa 1. (Rostov region) ="tyulka" (Clupeonella delicatula) ; 2. (Azov region) =qepHOrMÔpCKHH IuHpoT-Black Sea sprat; 3. frank- furter, hot dog. a6pâycxasl c. "Abrau tyulka" (C. abrau) capAi3Ha 1. sardine (species of Sardina, Sardinella, , etc.); 2. capRf4HKa (1) aBcTpajII3Hcxa5i c. Australian sardine, Pistou herring (Sardina neopilcharclus) aTdiaHTHtiecxax c. = cap.uHHKa(1) AaJIbHeBOCTÔLIHaA C. = TFiXOOKeâHCKafI C.

216 capa

mmiecKag c. = remb3a HuliticKaff KaaHckopHiiiicKaff C. = TmcooKeàHcKasi c. xpSrraan C. = KpSrraafl cap,mHéma nepyàFicKan c. "Peruvian sardine" (Sardina sagas) C. mapoKeFicxasi Morocco sardine—a form of capitAma(1) C. rup5c}can (W Pac.) "flat sardine" (Sardina pastera) C. DcxamST,Ra scaled sardine (Harengula pensacolae) cpegmemHom6pcKan C. Mediterranean sardine—indistinguishable from cap,aenuta(1) Txxooxehicican C. Pacific sardine, ivasi (Sardina melanosticta) TponilliecKayi c. = xpSrraas1 capeméma !nunIficKan c. = nepyàFicKan c. icœuloacppmcàHcKasi c. South African sardine (Sardina ocellata) smoriom6pcKasi C. = nixoomeàHcicall C. cap,exa xapeHrpia see xapeHryaa cap,zumémia sardinella, "tropical sardine" (fish of the genus Sardinella) 6epmSTAcitan c. Bermuda sardine (S. pinnula) 6wibineroacleafl c. = xcelpHaz c. 6pa3ibihocan c. orangespot sardine (S. brasiliensis) )1(Apria51 c. (Indian O.) "fat sardine" (S. longiceps) ucriàHcreasi c. (Carib.) Spanish sardine (S. anchovia) icpS7raaa C. (Afr.) alasha, gilt sardine (S. aurita) maAeilpocan c. "Madeira sardine" (S. maderensis) rwieicKan c. (Afr.) "flat sardine" (S. eba) capemédiza-azâma = xpSrraan capmménaa aHrepréabocaH C. = ItypfuicKafl pcaaKa—Kura bleak ncoocà.ran c. redear sardine (Harengula humeralis) Himumôcafl c. (S Am.) sharpnose sardine (Rhinosardinia) capeima 1. (Eur.) pilchard, sardine (Sardina pilchardus); 2. (Black Sea, local) = cpezz3emHom6pcia-ul umpoT—Mediterranean sprat apirepréaecmag C. = xypÉnicKasi ymnéfiKa—Kura bleak caperHônc = THX00ICeàHCK311 or rox(Hoacpplucàricicayi capa (these spe- cies are sometimes put in the genus Sardinops) capHaHàx cmirùab—long-finned mullet capK6,Roebie Sarcodina (a Class of protozoans) capviaricican 60J1é3Hb = 10KC6BCK351 60J1é3Hb—see 6oaé3Hb capbflaHale (Black Sea) a large mullet (Mugil auratus or M. saliens) cayx = mopimica—long-tailed duck cackpenr, cacppATKa = tiepriomôpcKaa crampflAa—Black Sea scad caxaefinca .(Amur) = 3y6à•rafl x6prounca—arctic smelt caLielie lift net eo,r(Hriôfl c. dip net, scap net CB à Ka marlin spike ceenu-nc - Beam(à}1 giant nematode (Dioctophyme renale); see zumwrodn-m53 cem 1. drop-off, slope (a place.where depth increases rapidly, or where the bottom relief varies); 2. drift, boulder-clay

217 cllaz

maTepuKeiBbril c. continental slope (the region just outside the continental shelf) ceimBaTbcz to come alongside cue)KàK strong breeze, fresh breeze cuep.eaa, csepaembnum 1. gribble (Linvrboria); 2. = mopcx6e cuepa6; 3. = Kopa6é7Ibrimel qepub; 4. whelk (Murex); 5. other boring animals csepe auger, bit, drill mopcxôe C. "shipborer" (Pholadidea) ycTpirtisoe c. oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea)—a mollusc caepignuee paKoo6phme gribble, boring crustacean (Limnoria, etc.) cseT 1. light; 2. world 1-16131DIR C. New World cràpmil c. Old World CBeT,IdIK firefly cseTorabita "brighteye" (Aplocheilus)—a genus of cyprinodont fishes no.nocàTan C. "striped brighteye" (A. lineatus) CBCTOTIÔB fishing with lights, light-fishing CBIIFIKa 1. diminutive of csmibsi, pig; 2. (coll.) harbour porpoise (Plbo. caena phocaena) mopcxàfi C. guinea-pig camopÉia = ae-rpeni—scavenger, emperor csssopanoBbie scavengers, Lethrinidae C1314111:41 pig, sow; (pl.) swine 6esoxpÉtaas mopcxàs C. Da11 porpoise (Phocaenoides dalli) 6ecnëpag mopcxàg c. black finless porpoise (Neomeris phocaenoides) xampopseolcxas mopcxàs c. California porpoise (Phocaena sinus) xFicTeS7xas c. "bush pig" (Potamochoerus porcus) xycTàpfmxoBasi C. = xsc-reSixas C. mopcxàs C. harbour porpoise (Phocaena phocaena) o4x6sas mopcxàs c. spectacled porpoise (Phocaena dioptrica) petmàfl c. = itucTeSrxasi c. qêpxasi mcdcKâsi C. Burmeister's porpoise (Phocaena spinipinnis) ibscsas 6esoxpAnas mopcxàs c. True's porpoise (Phocaenoides truei) CE.HCTS7.111)1Ca cornetfish (Fistularia); (pl.) Fistulariidae (also é'BHCT31,111DICO- able) aTaasTAsecxas C. = seems C. nilà,axas c. = THX00KeàFICKaii c. seaëlias c. (Atl.) bluespotted cornetfish (F. tabacaria) IIRTHeICTan C. = se.esas C. p63osas C. (Atl.) red cornetfish (F. villosa) THxocnœàFicxasi c. Pacific cornetfish (F. petimba) uleptuhas C. = p63osan C. CBNCTS711 1. whistler; 2. South American toad of the genus Leptodactylus risTrunaabul c. five-toed toad (L. pentadactylus) CBAS:13b (old-world) widgeon (Anas penelope) amepsxàscusil c. American widgeon, baldpate (A. americana) 218 cnopâtimaavrb

CBOIATIHBaTb, CB0p0TelTb to haul to (of a ship) cBsi3olnio3S7'6Bre Dysodonta (an Order of clams) CB5I3b (math.) relationship (see perpéccxg) crHôàiou_lxecg Kamptozoa, Endoprocta (a small Phylum or Class of animals, related to worms and bryozoans) craàxu-isaime (math.) smoothing ce6eab (N Don region) = ymérixa—bleak ce6ecToùmoc.rb rate of profit (selling price of fish divided by the costs of catching them) cenpibra (adj. cespib)Km1) sevryuga, stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) rommoKacrikeicxasi c. "south Caspian sturgeon" (A. s. cyremis) cespioxcibia flesh of sevryuga, prepared for eating cetcméToK fingerling , underyearling, (Eng.) fry—fish larger than larvae or sac fry but not yet 1 year old; (pl.) young of the year (see also sospacT) cégabiauco ephippium, egg pouch. (of Cladocera); (pl.) ephippia ceihàdi sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) céexep seine boat, semer calm seiche RHSTrpemisisi C. temperature seiche, internal seiche celcâti 1. local naine for boar—Ra6àfi; 2. mature male fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) with a harem. cenisima sekiyama (in tuna long-lining, the outer (finer) part of the gangion, to which the hook is attached) cexpéT 1. (Azov) a -very small cy,ex—zander; 2. (Don and Dnestr) 6épumx—Stizostedion volgense; 3. = Bérrrepb—fyke net cex3'7H, ceRSTEnca = umn6BKa—spiny loaeh ceaap = 6oabluere3ag cranpi;ma—bigeye scad ce.nezén shad (Alosa) ceirëgKa (dim. of ceabe›—herring) 1. certain forms of whitefish or ciscoes (Coregonus); 2. = qe6aqôic—Pseudorasbora; 3. (incorrectly) = soc-

Tpo6pÉnuxa—Henticulter; 4. (incorrectly) = HCCLIKK3MbCKI,Ik 4e6a4ëic —Leuciscus bergi Kongênaii c. smoked herring, ce.gë,Rotixa diminutive of ceabab —herring B6,miccica5I C. "little Volga shad" ( bergi) iesiiiicaex,acxasi C. "Queensland sardine" (Herclotsichthys castelnaui) onààbilasi c. "oval sardine" (Herclotsichthys ovalis) qapxàabcKan C. "Lake Charkhal kilka" (Clupeonella clelicatula tschar- chalensis) ceàë,aotnca - synacn (Jap.) "zunasi sardine" (HOrclotsichthys zunasi) ceaë,Rogma - Kn6kniàro "kibinago"—a kind of sardine riainickrafl C. "striped kibinago" (Spratelioicles gracilis) ce,e,acilixa-mme Lile—a genus of meKcExàFicman C. "Mexican sardine" (L. stolif era)

219 CeJIe3eHb cedIe3eIIb = xpRxaa-mallard KOC3TbIii C. = xacâTKa(1)-falcated teal ceJlexTABHOCTb 1. selectivity; 2. selection (in animal husbandry, etc.) ecTécTBexxax c. natural selection C. OpÿRHH Jlosa see Id36HpATeJIbHOCTb ceaéxe lookdown (Selene vomer)-a carangid fish cedib flowing mud ceJib,IjëBble , fish of the herring family cedIbueo6pâ3Hble herring-like fishes-Order or Isospondyli CeJlbj[b (adj. ceJlb,i[ësblŸI or ceJib,IjSIHÔIi) (1) herring (Clupea) aTJIaHTAr-IecxaH c. Atlantie herring (C, harengus harengus) aTJIaHTATieCKO-cKaH,i[IiH^BCKaH c. Atlanto-Scandinavian herring, -Norway herring (an important stock of C. harengus) 6aarrl"il3cKaH c. Baltic herring (C. harengus membras) 6eJloM6pcxa5l c. (C. pallasi maris-albi) BOCTÔtiHaH C. = THXOOKeâHCKaR C. AaJIbHeBOCTÔLIHaSI C. = TYIX00Ke1HCKâH C. erôpbescxasi c. small-sized White Sea herring (C. pallasi maris-albi) xCyHâHOScKasl C. large-sized Kamchatka herring (C. pallasi) xBâHOSCxax c. large-sized White Sea herring (C. pallasi maris-albi) ICIHHHCKO-IIeLIÔpCKaSi C. = IIOJISIpHaR C. ItonLiëxast c. kipper, kippered herring, smoked herring MaJIOno3B0HK6BaH c. (C. pallasi and its arctic subspecies -literally, herring with few vertebrae) MHOron03BOHK6Ba5i C. (C. harengus and subspecies) MypM1HCKa3I C. = aTJiaHTI'iqeCKaSI C. HopBélKCKaH C. = aTJIaHTI3iieCKaH C. o6bIKH0B2HHa5i c., oKeaHiiT-IeCKaSI C. herring, sea herring (C. harengus) noJtslpnaH c. "arctic herring" (C. pallasi suworowi) TYIxooKehHCKaSI c. Pacific herring (C. pallasi) TIënlcxo-neLIÔpcxax c. = HodtRpxasi c. qHdtHHcxax c. "Chilean herring" (C. bentincki) 0uICxaH c. = nOJISIpHasl c. ceJlbAb (2) shad (Alosa) -especially certain species of the Caspian and Black Sea regions which are sometimes put in the genus Caspialosa (see also ny3aH6IC, ceJIë,ZI,otiiCa, ^-IepxocnI^Hxa) arpaxâHcxax c. "agrakhana" (A. brashnikovi agrachanica) a36BCKaSI (MOpcxâsl) C. "Kerch shad" (A. brashnikovi maeotica-however Svetovidov says it is closer to A. kessleri) acTpa6â,tlcxa5i c. "Astrabad shad" (A, caspia knipowitschi) acTpaxâHCxasl C. 1. "Astrakhan shad" (A. brashnikovi grimmi) ; 2. _ Bô.nnccxasl c. 6edioroji6aax c. = acTpaxâHcxasl c. 6oaIbluerdtâsaH c. "bigeye shad" (A. brashnikovi autumnalis) BpâAHxxoscxxe c-AH "Brazhnikov shads" (A. brashnikovi and its vari- eties); see also 1iwIrldHKa BÔJI?xcxaSi MaJIOTbIr-IAHKOBaH c. "Volga few-rakered shad" - a hybrid between A. kessleri volgensis and A. k. kessleri BÔJI?xCKaSI MHOrOTbILII3HKOBaH C. = BÔJI?ICCKaSi C. BôdIlKCxaH c. "Volga shad" (A. volgensis = A. kessleri volgensis)

220 ceab,ah (2)

socT6Iman C. "eastern shad" (A. brashnikovi orientalis) racameyeemocas c. "gasankulinka" (A. brashnikovi kisselevitschi) AoarSlicKasi c. "dolginka" (A, brashwikovi brashnikovi) KéptrexcicaH c. = a3ôBcKasi c.

KecczeposcKse c - es "blackbaek shads" (A. kessleri and its varieties); see also gem-muds-ma ickissilaràqcKafl c. "Kura shad" (A. curensis) Kpacrws6ecicasi c. "Krasnovod shad" (A. brashnikovi nirchi) maaoTbrAxmoBan B6a)Kcicasi c. "Volga few-rakerecl shad" (A. volgensis imitans) npoxo,refl c. (Eur.) shad (A. finta, A. alosa)

cal:Wu-lc-Kai-1 C. "sarinka" (A. brashnikovi sarensis) tiepHow5pcKan c. "Black Sea shad" (A. kessleri pontica)

tlepHom6pcxo - a36scican ripoxo,axàn C. = gepHom6pcKasi C. CeJlieb (3) eisco, freshwater herring (subgenus Leucichthys of Coregonus- see also psinyinica) 66cleas c. (Ob region) = cm6ApcKan Om/mica—Siberian cisco osëpxasi c. (Am.) cisco, lake herring ( Coreaonus artedii) mopcxàsi c. (Ob region) = cs6lipcxasr psinyanca—Siberian cisco llepeenàsmag c. = nepecaàscKaH pfirrynnea—Pereslavl cisco côchrnsicRag c. (Oh region) tugun, Sosva cisco (Coreaonus tugun) vreaéleasi C. (Ob region) = Teaélesil cHr—Telets Whitefish cediub (4) (miscellaneous uses) 6éaall c. bonefish (.Albula vulpes); (pl.) Albulidae 601Ibnierabasi c. 1. (\N" Pac.) bigeye herring, tenpounder (Elops mach- naja); 2. (Atl.) ladyfish (Elops saurus); 3. (E Pac.) machete (Elops affinis); 4. (pl.) tarpons (Elophlae) ray6oxoselexasi c. "deepwater herring" ( megaceps); (pl.) Bathyclupeidae

roaoraàsan c. = cen,ab - roaoresita. 306àTb1e céeb,m4 gizzard shads, Dorosomatinae

3y6àc'rasi c. 1. = ceabm) - ,aopa6; 2. (pl.) wolf , Chirocentridae itp3'rraag c. round herring (Etrumeus teres, etc.) rfsào6pibxan c. (SE Asia) "sawbelly herring" (Opisthopterus tardoore)

min-dims c. (E Asia) "spotted shad" (Clupanodon punctatus) TynopÉmme ceabes = 3o6àTbre C. ceabeb-soalibn = ceabeb-eppa6 ceab,ab-rimbsa = rilabsa ceabgb-roaorabita 1. "bare-eyed herring" (Potamalosa richmondia); 2. (pl.) —a subfamily of clupeids cem,,Tb-,/(opa6 (Japan) wolf herring, dorab (Chirocentrus dorab) cuibeb - saSula = Haesua —ilisha

ceabAb - Kpyrao6penista round herring, market sardine (Etrumeus teres)

ceabgb - orrscrmiéma = onscroHéma ceamb -TynopÉiaxa (SE Asia) "bluntnose herring" (Anadontostoma chacunda)

cemz»,zu,liepuocninuta see lieprmcrffunca — "blackback shad"

ceabeobusta = cm6iipcKasi psinymKa —"Siberian disco"

221 ceilbjunia' icop6dib ceabi_u1i6f1 Kop6.nb oarfish, ribbonfish (Regalecus glesne) ceab,erica 1. = cuôùpckag pinywKa—Siberian cisco; 2. "Penzhina cisco" (Coreg onus subautumnalis) ceaùna 1. (Belorussia) = Onyuwa—cisco; 2. (Black Sea, local name) = zreenpôscxo-asôBcKaH inemàg; 3. = yméffita—bleak ceahica. = Kypffiicma5a ymaKa—"Kura bleak" cem. abbreviation of cemac-rno, family cêmra (adj. cem9)Kmil, -.>Kbe) (N Russia) Atlantic salmon (S'aImo salar); see also ,71006Cb KamilâTcltafl c. "Kamchatka steelhead", the anadromous form of Salm,o mykiss, also called penshinensis—probably identical with S. gairdneri OCÉHE15151 C. "autumn salmon"—Atlantic salmon of the hiemal type, larger than grilse, which enter the river from the middle of August to freeze-up and perhaps beyond, and which spawn the following autumn (Berg, 1948, p. 211; Nikolsky, 1954, p. 148) cëmra-xmpbsiic 1. large-sized winter-run Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); 2. a Coregonus cemement testis cemenSixa = cépasi Smca—gadwall cém)Kmia flesh of salmon, prepared for eating cemPuàpica MIlliâra—lamprey ceminKà.6epFmx = cemm.à.6epHast aKST.na—sevengill shark u.nocKorcuiemshik c. (E Asia) "flat -headed sevengill" (Notorhynehus platyeephalus) cemSTAllei (see cëmra) cenaphym dunnage—material packed around a ship .s cargo cenmoawr cuttle-bone, sepiolith—the internal shell of cuttlefish (Sepia) cénNsi 1. cuttlefish (Sepia); 2. sepia (a dye) cepAélu'unc ayrodul bitter cress, cuckoo flower (Cardamine pratensis) cep,exxa. (Ochakov region) = LiepHom6pertHR Inupwr—Black Sea sprat cepgu,ee,gica cockle—a bivalve mollusc; (pl.) Cardiidae 6yrôp4aTafl C. knotted. cockle (Cardium tubereulatum) BOJI0d.Ta51 c. "hairy cockle" (Clinoeardium eiliatum) rpeneri,gmast c. "Greenland cockle" (Serripes groenlandieus) HraficTan C. red cockle, spiny cockle (Cardium aculeatum) ma.uope6pPicrafl c. "few-ribbed cockle" (Cardium paneicostatum) co6à.tibsr c. dog cockle, comb shell (Glyemeris glyemeris) c'be,06Hail c. 1. common cockle (Cardium edule = Cerastoderma edule); 2. Pacific cockle (Cardium eorbis) cepe6peicTmil 'silvery c-Tasi ilecTpsiTxa, or simply cepe6pùcran = cmwrr—smolt cepe60Fuca 1. = cmoxr—smolt; 2. = océlifuisi KeTà—autumn chum sal- mon (with silvery ocean colouring); 3. = aprewribia—argentine; 4. "sidestripe" (Pleurogramma)—a genus of notothenids arrapxTemecicasi "antarctic sidestripe" (Pleurogramma antaretieum)

I. 222 cepe6psiffica

no,nocâTaH Japanese argentine (Argentina semifasciata) cepe6pFutoBbie deepsea smelts, argentines, Argentinidae cepeema (adj. cpegibmbnI) middle, mean cepAâxT- pÉr6a cobia, cabio, sergeantfish (Rachyeentron caned/cm); (pl.) Rachycentridae cepH6aa yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) (see also aamé,apa) 6oabiuàs1 C. 1. greater amberjack (S. dumerili); 2. = Koporià,ao nonocâTafl c. banded rudderfish (S. zonata) Hil6Hexafl C. Japanese yellowtail (S. quinqueradiata) cepHoaézna Seriolella—a genus of centrolophid fishes cépxa bedlamer, juvenile harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) cepocnÉunca alewife (Alosa pseudoharenots) cepnownba (Ibidorhyneha struthersi)—a marsh bird ceppàHosme sea basses, Serranidae cepSinnta 1. "serushka", "river roach" (Rutilus rutilus fluviatilis); 2. (also cepSixa) = cépaH Si'rKa—gadwall cecT6H seston (plankton plus tripton), filterable particles

cecToimmel seston - eating cenutAxica an anchovy of the genus Setipinnct, e.g. S. taty of E Asia céTica 1. net, grid (= ceTb); 2. cage (of an elevator); 3. movable box or tank (of a fish-lift); 4. graph, diagram (see Koppeasiuml) naamc-T6xxasi C. plankton net c. KHHaaëBa Kinalev net—a rectangular dip net with metal webbing

céTKa-nepxonahuta floating gill -net céTolixa BoeugH water-net (Hydrodietyon reticulatum)—an alga ceTtiaToxpÉrabie Neuroptera—an Order of insects, including the aquatic alder flies, hellgramites, etc. ceTb 1. net (in general) ; 2. = xe6epHan c.; 3. network, chain (of stores, nets, etc.) 6wràdimasi C. a net used on Rybinsk reservoir, experimentally .zr,Byxcrémian C. two-walled (trammel) net: a gill net consisting of a small mesh and a large mesh hung together ,i4pActrrepHail c. drift net, free gill net x(à6epHas1 c. gill net Hx6pHa5l c., mpflHan c. egg net (a plankton net of mesh suitable for taking eggs) KoabgeBàsi c. ring net (a kind of pelagic seine) x6HycHan c. a conical net used with electric light to catch Caspian kilka Koprox6Basi c. trammel net muorocTémian c. trammel net o,ariocTéxiiasi C. single gill-net naamiân petuAn C. river drift net naamiàsi C. drift net ][10,a'bëMHaSi C. lift-net (used for sauries) 223 CeTb

pâmHasi c. wall net (gill net of small mesh hung with supporting twine in a pattern of large squares whose sides are parallel and perpendicular to the cork line) pâmosasi C. =- pâmoBbiel llésoz, pémtesall C. a large meshed net used in places where currents are strong cTamâll c. 1. fixed gill net, bottom gill net; 2. = cTam-u5t1 Héno,r1,— trap net TpbœTéHHaii C. three-walle d trammel net ceTb B Bei,ne mettle bag net ceTb ,II)Ké,E(Y1 Juday (plankton) net ce n "Wigry whitefish" (Coregonus lavaretus vigrensis) CHBLII (Black sea) = xpamoroesall ynta—pochard CHIALLIHHK (Azov region) = 6bri6x-TpaBsium—"weed goby" cimi•ca 1. = 3ozwri1C-rasT pRâma—European golden plover; 2. any large plover rviSmag c. dotterel (Charadrius morinellus) cll6Apcxasi c. = 6ypoRpanall px(àmca—Asiatic golden plover cilllyq Steller's sea-lion, northern sea-lion (Eumetopias stelleri) cllr 1. whitefish (any species of Coregonus or Prosopium); 2. whitefish sensu stricto (the species of Coregonus having inferior mouths); 3. hout- ing (C. oxyrhynchus); 4. powan, schelly, gwyniad (Ger., grosse Marâne) (C. lavaretus); 5. (L. Khanka) Plagiognathops microlepis and Xenocypris macrolepis) amS7pcicml C. = yccypellIciae C. 6ailitàabcxllei c. "Baikal whitefish" (C. lavaretus baicalensis) 6apry3AricKlli,1 c. "Barguzin whitefish" (C. pidschian bargusini) 6a3THT6Bcitmil c. "Bauntov whitefish" (C. lavarelus baunti) 13(5.71X0BCKHil C. "Volkhov whitefish"--found in L. Ladoga (C. lavaretus baeri) BocTotmocH6ùpciellei c. "humpback whitefish", 'east Siberian whitefish" (C. pidschian, brachymystax) ByabllllpcKllil c. "Vulyavr whitefish" (C. lavaretus vimbaeformis) roaomémbnI c. "Imandra pelagic -whitefish" (C. lavaretus pelagicus) roilluTihicKei C. "Holstein whitefish" (C. lavaretus holsatus) rop6oH6cmil c. = elillcacitll'll petmôil c. eHHcéicKITi petmég c. "Yenisei river whitefish" (0. pidschian fluviatilis) 3à11a,aribIrl ae,goBwrom6pciaill c. "western arctic whitefish" (C. pidschian, pidschianoides) 3o6àc-nal C. = Baaahllça—valaamka (C. lavaretus widegreni) Kàpcialet c. "Kara whitefish" (C. pidschian bergiellus) KOJIÉ.IMCICHII C. "Kolyma whitefish" (C, pidschian jucagiricus) municeB611 C. 1. = Bummica; 2. "migratory lake whitefish" (C. lavare- tus lavaretoides) KST6elicitI't1 c. "Lake Kuben whitefish" (C. lavaretus nelmuschka) Kya(mrculll c. "Kulong whitefish"—a form of C. pidschian pidschianoides ae,rmllTomeipcxlle dim whitefishes of the pidschian group .710B03ëpCKI4iI MaJI0TbILIAHKOBbIrl c. "Lovozero whitefish" (C. /avaretus lovensis) .710B03ëpCKFiel cpeglieTbun'uncoBbiel o3ëpFlo-petni6fi c. "Lovozero migra- tory whitefish" (0. lavaretus voronjensis)

224 C141'

ma.nom6pcml C. (Baikal) "Little-Sea -whitefish" (C. lavaretus baicalensis) mopcx611 C. pollan (C. lavaretus lavaretus) HéBCKFIII Ilp0X0,II,H611 C. "Neva migratory whitefish" (C. lavaretus me- diespinatus) o6cx1511 C. = nbmcbsiH—"Ob whitefish" 06bIKF1013éHHbIrl C. = cHr(4) o,RHom63epcKHII c. "Odnomozero whitefish" (C. lavaretus bergianus)

o3ëpHo - pelm611 c. 1/1mbtapm "Imandra whitefish" (C. lavaretus imandrae) osëpHbril aà,zumcicHil c. "Ladoga lake whitefish" (C. lavaretus ladogae) o3ëpHhifl Hopù.nbcxml "Noril whitefish" (C. pidschian norilensis) o3ëpHbei npoxoRHôei C. "migratory lake whitefish" (C. lavaretus la- varetoides) omyzëabei C. = myKcY.H—muksun OHéACK1,111 eiMHIDIII C. = TIOJIMpliCKFIrl C. Hpà.HRHHc.KHR c. (Kema R., White Sea region) "Pravdin's whitefish" (C. lavaretus pravdinianus) npoxo,m611 C. = mopcx6i1 C. nflalbepcicHil c. "Pyalozero whitefish" (C. lavaretus karelicus) cHerpcxHi,1 c. "Svir whitefish" (C. lavaretus svirensis) cH6eipcxHil c. "Siberian whitefish" (C. pidschian) cHr HôaxoncicHi4 "Volkhov whitefish" (C. lavaretus baeri) cur akao)Kciairr "Ladoga whitefish" (C. lavaretus baeri) cHr aSi,aora "ludoga whitefish" (C. lavaretus ludoga) cHr 0MyJleBeIRFIbIrl = IleFDKùHCKFIel omyzb (C. subautumna/is) cHr OCTp0116Chnl = cHr MiCHHCKliff cHr 1-103,a,HHa TeaéuKHII C. CMI' nùcHHcmHil "Pyasina whitefish" (C. pidselbian pjasinae) COJI,L(âTOBCKPIfl C. "Soldatov's whitefish"—a form of C. pidselbian pid- seltianoides CSTIICKM1 C. (Onega region) "Suna whitefish" (C. lavaretus sunensis) csnvubepcmii (mHoroTbunhucomrii) C. "Syamozero whitefish" (C. lava- retus exilis) Teaélueml c. "Telets whitefish" (C. pidschian, smitti) yccypAricieHil C. Ussuri whitefish (C. ussuriensis) ImbipreSdkxHil 6allenbcKFHI C. "Chivyrkuy Bay whitefish" (C. lavaretus dybowskii) troamS,Tmccimil C. "Cholmug Bay whitefish" (C. lavaretus tscholmugensis) ily,AcK6fl C. "Chud whitefish", "Peipus whitefish" (C. lavaretus mar- aenoides) simrimel C. = Hanânixa—valaarnka cHr-Haaaàmma = Baaaàmma cHr-naaëx = Baaëlc—round whitefish cHr- xà,.gapiq "Khadary whitefish" (Coregonus ehadary) cHraza flat lobster (Scyllaricles) 6oabiuàfl C. large flat lobster (S. latus) wià.nefibican C. small flat lobster (S. arctus) cHràHoBbie rabbitfishes, Siganiclae (see necTpsik) cHrà.pa - p1;16a 1. (W Atl.) round scad, cigarfish (Decapterus penetatus); 2. (W Pac.) round scad (Decapterus maruadsi) cHrom5H "Volkhov whitefish" (Coregonus lavaretus baeri)

225 cArya cHrya "sigua"-a poisonous snail of the Caribbean cHryaTépa siguatera-paralysis caused by eating certain morays, jacks. and large specimens of the great barracuda cKAépa "eyed moray" (Sideria ocellata ) cHRS-iHe Sedentaria (a Subclass of polychaete annelids ) cl3xca 1 . a kind of trap net ; 2. fishing site (used repeatedly by an angler) CI33i3rI%iIiHbIŸI rtpHaIitB (or OTJIHB) spring tide (as opposed to neap tide) Cii30BOp6HKa roller (Coracias garrulus)-a bir d cHKâBxa, cAxdisl (Ukr.) = u[xnôBxa-spiny loach cHICÔBxa, cHKÔJiKa = u.(HIIÔBKa-,spiny loach mtjlâra, cimaslra asohos, whiting, silver whitin g KopIOIlIKOaaSi c . = cHxâM a n59THI3cTa5l c . 1. spotted asohos, sand borer, trumpeter whiting (Sillago maculata) ; 2 . (Aust.) spotted whiting (Sillaginodes punctatus) xnôHcxasi c. Japanese asohos (Sillago japonica) cHdIJlâra-cxxâMa = cHxâMa cI4JIJI7rosble asohoses, Sillaginida e cxJIÿp, cI3JIyplkHCxHK (geol .) (period ) ckJIbLIa (Amur) = JIéTHSiSi KeTa-summer chum salmo n c13Nta, cHlvlâ (from HcHyta, aworcl of the Orochi language of the Tumnin River area) masu (salmon) (Oncorhynchus masou ) 1xxjIâR c. freshwater masu, Formosan masu c13M6a (Moscow R.) = rOJIbsIH-minnow CHM6pâHxoBble "swamp-eels", Symbranchida e c13MKa line used to hold the funnel of a fyke net in position (usually 3 or 4 are used) CI3HarpIiAa = O6bIKHOB2HHbIÎI ry6âH-common dogtooth cHHacpo6pâHxosble Synaphobranchidae-a family of eel s cHHri3.ab 1. long-finned mullet, golden grey mullet (Mugil auratus) ; 2. (Black Sea) a large mullet (M, auratus or M. saliens) cHHe3exëxble bluegreen algae, Cyanophytae cHHeMbpxa = Bb .nwcxax ceabRb-Volga shad cHHepra3HJtë3 sinergasilosis, infestation (of Chinese carps) by the copepod gill parasite Sinergasilu s cxxecnHHKa (Alosa aestivalis) CxxeTé,nxa pearlfish (Glaucosoma) ascTpaalAfIcxax c. "Australian pearlfish" (G. scapilare) cHHeTéAKOSble pearlfishes, Glaucosomida e cxxéu 1 . blue bream (Abramis ballerus) ; 2 . (Volga) sometimes = 6e1io- râ3Ka-white-eye cHHHnépxa = ayxâ-Chinese perch

226 CHHK1pidAbI

CI3HKApHAbl Syncarida-a group of crustaceans CI3HXp6HHbIIi 1. synchronous, simultaneous; 2. similar, parallel CI-IHIiIdK (Bug R. region) = 6bICTpSiHKa poCfMCKaH CI3HbrA 1. common scoter (Melanitta nigra) (see also TypnâH); 2. = CHHéIj -blue bream 6ejIO,a66ax c. = necTpoH6rHK TypnâH--surf seoter THXOOKe^HCKaSI C. American black scoter (Dl. americana) CIIIIIbxa local name for ,aem-bream cHHlbluxa = THHAa-grilse CHHSIaKa blueback: a name used locally for many fishes, including roJtbslH, KâM6aJIa, KoJIIdŸIiIi roptIâK, n1JibH, yKJléii, uj^Ka CHnyHKyJn3jl sipuncl.llid (worm); (pl.) Sipunculida (a Class of annelids- often considered a separate Phylum) cHpeH Siren-a salamander; (pl.) Sirendidae 60JIbII16H c. greater Siren (Siren lacertina) rp53esÔI%I C. = IIOJIocaTblIi c. KâpaIHlcoablH C. lesser Siren (Siren intermedia) no,IIOCâTbIi3 c. striped Siren, dwarf Siren (PseudobrancTLZCS striatus) cxpéxa siren

cHpéxosble 1. manatees, Sirenia; 2, two-legged salamanders (Sirenidae) CApMaH = 6bI^I6K-ILU3pMaH-"syrman goby" cHpoTxa (S Russian) - ëpiub CidCTeMaTII1Iecxi3fi systematic CHCTéMHbIIi systems (adj.) C-Hax ocH6sa nporxo3l"IposaxxH systems method of forecasting (based on environmental systems) CI3THHK rush (Juncus) CHTHRr 1. club rush (Eleocharis); 2. needle Scirpus (S. acicularis) CH(^âMKSI Siphamia-a genus of cardinalfish x3MéH'IHSax c. "variegated eardinalfish" (S. versicolor) CHCpoxocpopa siphonophore; (pl.) Siphonophora (a Subclass of coelenterates) cI3xAMa common asohos, "sihaina" (Sillago silaanaa) cxaKÿH tiger beetle, cicindelid cxajtory6bi "hard-lips" (a group of pomadasyid genera; Plectorhynchus, Gaterin and Diagranznaa) cxaalo3ÿ6 1. smooth puffer (Lagoceplzalus laevigatus), (pl.) puffers, Tetraodontidae; 2. porcupine fish (Diodon hystrix), (pl.) porcupine fishes, Diodontidae 6ÿpblg c. "brown puffer" (Fugu rubripes) CésepxbIA C. (W Atl.) northern puffer, swellfish (Sphoeroides maculatus) cxa,no3ÿ6osble puffers, Tetraodontidae can 1. (Am.) scup (Stevotomus chrysops); 2. (Am..) joithead porgy (Calamus bajonado); 3. various other porgies (Sparidae)

227 cxap cap = nonyraH-pb16a-parrotfish cxâpoBax (p916a) parrotfish; (pl.) Scaridae CxaT 1. skate, ray; 2. downstream migration (of young salmon, etc.) axyaoo6pâ3HbIf4 C. = MopcxâR rHTâpa-guitarfiah axydIOxBÔCTbIH C. "shark-tailed skate" (Rhynchobatus djiddensis); (pl.) Rhynchobatidae aae^rcxxrl c. Aleutian skate (Raja aleutica) aMepHxâHCKHH raâRK4f c. (NW Atl.) (Raja laevis) 6éjtbüfl c. (Eur.) white skate, (S Afr.) spearnose skate (Raja alba) 6ecuiHnblil c. (E Asia) "spineless skate" (Raja violacea) 6oa1bul6K xajIxcpopHl3HCKHH c. big skate (Raja binoculata) ridThpxbIÎI C. guitalfish; (pl.) Rhinobatidae rHlocosbli%I C. = rHloc-eleetrie ray J(i3CKOBbIIi c. thornback ray; (pl.) Discobathidae ZjJIHHHOHÔCbII%I C. = CKaT-TeHry jjJII3HHbIIi c. = MOpcKâsl rHTâpa-guitarfish j[JIi3HHbII%I C. L1.1JIéreJiSi = SInÔHCKaH MopCxilR rxTâpa-Schlegel's guitar- fish 3B23J_(tIaTbIIi c. 1. (Atl.) thorny skate (Raja radiata); 2. (Pac.) flat- head skate (Raja rosispinis) 3epKI3JIbHbIii C. "mirror skate" (Raja miraletis) I3IIj[HïICKHI3 OJIeKTpIIT-IecxxH c. Indian electric ray (Narke dipterygia) KIiT2IïCKidf4 1(I3CKOBbIH C., KHThfICKIiH AJIYIHHbIIi C. "Chinese thornback ray" (Discobatus, or Platyrhina, sinensis) KOJIiÔ'i0I C. 1. = 3Bë3jjtIaTbIIi c.(1); 2. "Argentine skate" (Raja platana); 3. "spiny skate" (Raja doellojuradoi) xopoTxorÿ6blrI oaexTpH,qeCKxH c. (E Asia) "shortlip electric ray" (Nar- cine brevilabiata) KOpOTKOXBÔCTbIIi C. (E Atl.) blonde (Raja brachyura) xpÿrjIbII3 c. (Eur.) sandy ray (Raja fyllae = R. circularis) JIeHTOXB6CTb1ii c. ribbontail ray, fantail (Taeniura melanospilos) JIyLII3CTbIfI C. = 3B23jjtlaTblii c.(1) MAJIeIIbKIIi3 C. little skate (Raja erinacea) MeKCKKAHCKI3Î-i Hi3TepbIJIbIH c. "Mexican hairnose skate" (Springeria folirostris) MpâMOpxblit C. (W Afr.) marbled electric ray (Torpedo marmorata) Hi3TepIiIJIbIIi c. "hairnose skate"; (pl.) Anacanthobatidae o6bIKHOB2HHb1IÎ C. skate, ray; (pl.) Rajidae OpJIi3HbIIi C. (E Asia) kite ray (Aetobatis tobijei) OpJISIKOBb1i%I C. eagle ray; (pl.) Myliobatidae npepb16r-taTbII3 C. (E Asia) "interrupted skate" (Raja interrupta) nSITH13CTbII^ rliTâpHbIIi C. Atlantic guitarfish, spotted guitarfish (Rhino- batos lentiginosus) n5qTHl3cTb1i%I c. "spotted skate" (Raja picta) nSITHACTbIii 3JIexTpfi1IecxKH c. (E Asia) "spotted electric ray" (Narcine maculata) peMHU C. "Amazon stingray" (Potamotryyon motoro) poM6oBbIH C. diamond skate, (pl.) Rajidae poxJIeabII%I C. guitarfish; (pl.) Rhinobatidae céBepxbIfI C. "northern skate" (Raja hyperborea) cépblVi C. (Eur.) (Raja batis) CHHerJia3blii C. (S Afr.) blue-eyed skate (Raja ocellifera)

228 CKaT

c. CmHpH6Ba (E Asia) "Smirnov's skate" (Raja smirrbovi) c. lilzére.usi "Schlegel's guitarfish" (Rhinobatos schlegeli) caenôii 9.neicTpeitiecradi c. blind electric ray (Typhlonarke aysoni) TUIFIIDIR C. "black ray" (Raja fusca) XBOCTOKOJILIII C. = xsocToKoa--stingray umnoshuti c. (Eur.) thornback ray (Raja clavata) Lu4noxn6cTurd C. 1. stingray, (pl.) Dasyatidae; 2. (W Atl.) spinytail skate (Raja spinicauda) uprrollônel c. (E Asia) "threadnose skate" (Raja parmif era) azurrpktiecianl C. electric ray, numbfish (Torpedo oculata, T. mar- morata); (pl.) Torpedinidae aJewrpiurecniti c. M6pc6H "Moresby's electric ray" (Benthobatis moresbyi) Huôxciaik c. sea-wall ray, flatback, spiny rasp skate (Raja kenojei) grróHcKHÇi melerpligeciarei c. "Japanese electric ray" (Narke japonica) creaT - 6à6oliKa butterfly ray (genus Gymnura) o6micKméxxan C. spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela) sinôxcican c. Japanese butterfly ray, Japanese diamond skate (Gymnura japonica) cKaT - 6oHanapT "Bonaparte's skate" (Sympterygia bonapartei) c1aT - 6hmexoc cownose ray amepHicàHcianI c. (American) cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) ciewr - opafix = opasix— eagle ray creaT - niumn6c 1. sawfish, (pl.) Pristidae; 2. (E Asia) "oriental sawfish" (Pristis cuspidatus); 3. (Pac.) largetooth sawfish (Pristis perotteti) cKa-r - porâti = mopcw5i1 gbeimm—manta cicaT - pôxan guitarfish (Rhinobatos rhinobatos); (pl.) guitarfishes, Rhino- batidae cxaT -Téliry Tengu skate, longnose ray (Raja tengu) CKaT-XBOcroK6JI = XBOcroK6J —stingray cKaToerosue spadefishes, Scatophagidae CKaTLIBaTbCH, CKaTATIDCH to migrate (downstream) cKacluipibix shovelnose sturgeon (genera Scaphirhynchus and Pseudosca- phirhynchus) cetuea gallop; (pl.) horse race creati6x (gen. cKatucà) 1. jump; 2. rapid change, stratification C. 11J1(5THOCTI1 rapid density gradient C. CO311êHOCTI4 halocline cio cicatucâ stratified layer remimpaTSTribiii C. thermocline cKsep square (the central portion of a trawl) cicAnacrb "skipast"—a kind of trap net with a sloping approach to the pot, used on the Black Sea for mackerel, etc. C. gsyxKoTa6Basi "skipast" with two pots cnirmacéx skipjack (tuna) (Euthynnus pelamis) cmaAqa-ro6pibmie Triodontidae 229 CKJIamaTorp cma,atiaTorpSubte hatchetfishes, Sternoptychidae cie,nepùT sclerite (flat plates that make up a fish's scale; the margins of these plates are the circuli) CKJIOH slope maTepHIC6BbI '11 C. continental slope CKJgIHKB 1. bottle, flask; 2. vial méTo,u, CBÉTJIbIX H TÉMHbIX CKJIÙHOK light-and-dark bottle method (of measuring photosynthesis) cito6â shackle, joint CROJIHbliC "scoliasis"—distortion of the vertebral column citomop6x 1. buffoon; 2. diving beetle of the genus Cybister CKOrlà fish hawk, osprey (Pandion haliaatus) cKonéaosme lanternfishes, Myctophidae (or Scopelidae) cxone.nosàap Scopelosaurus lepidus cxoneaosà.Bposbie Scopelosauridae—a family of oceanic fishes cmoneasipxoBbie pearleyes, Scopelarchidae CKOHJIÉHHe stock, accumulation cic6pocoab fish very lightly salted (almost raw) CepOCTID 1. speed; 2. rate (see also K03(1)1411,11ÉHT, HHTÉHC1hHOCTb) C. Bbimuià.Emsa survival rate (S) C. p6cTa growth rate C. CMÉpTHOCTH death rate, mortality rate (A) méabaasi c. instantaneous rate, coefficient cRopnéua 1. small-scaled scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus); 2. other specie,s of Scorpaena; 3. (SE Atl.) jacopever (fielicolenus maculatus); 4. (pl.) scorpionfishes, rockfishes, Scorpaeniclae aHr6abcxasi c. "Angola scorpionfish" (Scorpaena angolensis) KpâcHafl c. red scorpionfish, large-scaled scorpionfish (Scorpaena scrofa) màaelibicaa C. "little scorpionfish" (Scorpaena notata = S. ustulata) ceHeràabcKag C. "Senegal scorpionfish" (Scorpaena senegalensis) smoriliTasl C. (Aust.) butterfly cod, "zebrafish" (Pterois volitans) cicopnenosbie scorpionfishes, Scorpaenidae cKopnA,llsa = gepHom6pcxxi1 mopcit6i1 ëpui—Black Sea scorpionfish CKOpH14611 1. scorpion; 2. = mopcx6e1 C. BO51HUI C. water scorpion (Nepa cinerea)—a bug mopcx6e1 C. = mopcKeill ApaK6i-milx—greater weever CKOCS'I4HBaTbC5I, cxocatierrbcn (of fish) to form a school (or schools) cKpé6eHb thorny-headed worm, acanthocephalan; (pl.) Acanthocephala (a Phylum of parasitic worms) expe66K dredge, grab (for collecting samples of lake bottom) expel mature cod, skrei (Norwegian) CKpHITSTH = KOCàTKa-CKpHIIS7H—"banded catfish"

230 CKpbITO?Kâ6epHFIK

CKpbITO?K A 6epHHK, aJIJIer3MCKi3ii C. `hellbender (CryptobrancTtus alleghan- iensis )

CKpbITO?K16epHble Cryptobranchidae (an American family of salamanders) CKpbITOnJIaCTI3HqaTble chitons of the family Cryptoplacida e cxyJtâ 1. bow (of a ship) ; 2 . jaw (of a man) cxyM6péHKa = tlepxoMbpcxasl cTaapfIAa-Black Sea sca d eKyM6peu .lÿxa 1 . = câHpa-Pacifie saury ; 2. = MaxpenemyKa-Atlantic saury cxyM6peMÿxoBble = câl3posble-Seomberesocidae cKÿM6pHesble mackerels, Scombrida e CK~M6pIiSI, CK~M6pa (adj . CKyM6pI3iiHbIIi or CK~M6pi3eBblii) 1 . (N Atl .) = aTJIaHTAhlecxasl c. ; 2 . (tropical Atl .) = BoCTÔTdHasl c. ; 3 . (Indian 0•) = Ibxcxax c.(1) ; 4. (Bug R.) = AHenp6BCxo-a36BcxaH IueMâsl (see also Maxp&b) aBCTpaxf4f4cxa5i c . (Aust.) slimy mackerel (Scomber australasicus) aTxaHTfl,qecxasl c . Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus ) BocTÔ'qHasI c . (Et?r .) chub mackerel, Spanish mackerel (Scomber japoni- cus-formerly separated as S. colias) HHAHflcKasl c . 1 . = Ibxxxasi c. 1 . (Indian O .) rake-gilled mackerel (Rastrelliger canagurta) ; 2. (\RV Atl.) = BocT61IHaH c. SInÔHCKaH C . = TI3XOOKe3HCKa5i C . CK~M6pYIH-KaHar~pTa = Ifl1KHaH Cx~M6pI3St(1 ) cna6xHâ bight (of a line ) CJIâBKa warbler, especially those of the old-world family Sylviidae xKeJITO6plôxax aMepxKâHcKasi c . northern «rater thrush (Seiurus nove- boracensis ) cdiarâeMoe term (of an algebraic expression ) calaAxorÿ6bl (Indian 0 .) sweetlips (Plectorhynclzus cinctus, P. maculatus) ; (pl.) Plectorhynchidae (often included in Pomadasidae ) cJleli rOJIOBICTHKa see roJloBlcTI3 K cJlenéHb (pl . c,aenHi~) cleerfly, horsefly, gadfly ; (pl .) Tabanidae (see also ,i[O?K)[ësxa, 3JIaTOrJIA3HK ) q c. 6bI xH horse fly, "bull fly" (Tabanus bovinus )

231 caenéHb

C. ozéHei "reindeer fly" (klybomitra tarandina) C. npo3pâtiribig "clear-winged gadfly" (Heptatoma pellucens) C. Te,11SigHel "calf fly" (Si/vius vitu/i) caenoraà3xa ; (pl.) Amblyopsidae césepHafl C. northern cavefish (Amblyopsis spaelea) itmian c. southern cavefish (Typhlickthys subterraneus) czenorabicosbie , Amblyopsidae CJIH3 = roaéu—stone loach cimerozén "slime-hear—fish of the genera Bothrocarichthys and Lyco- grammoides (Lyeodidae) unbenb slug; (pl.) Limacidae (a family of gastropods) mopcx6R C. 1. sea slug, nudibranch; (pl.) Nudibranchiata (a Suborder of gastropods); 2. = mopcx6R CJI143HYiK—snai1fish mopcx6ei C. Taliâni "Tanaka's snailfish" (Li/paris tanaka/i) caibmc (Ukr., local) = roaéu—stone loach caAsmcTan mucosa (of the uterus, etc.) CJIA314CTbIl1 Or Calble4 el slimy, slippery, mucous (adj.) camsrisiic snail, gastropod; (pl.) Gastropocla (a Class of molluscs) mopcKUÉ C. 1. snailfish, sea snail, liparid (fish of the genus Liparis and allied genera); 2. (pl.) lumpfishes and snailfishes, Cyclopteridae CJI1,13b (f.) 1. slime; 2. mucus; 3. mucilage camiaBegb (Carpathian region) = no.nocà-rbift. ëpui—"striped, ruff e" ca1nio)Kà6eplinx synbranchid (eel); (pl.) Synbranchidae (also CJIIITHO- )ua6epieworibie) amepmmâncKnil C. "American synbranchid" (Synbranchus marmoratus) 6enr-àabcialil C. "Bengal synbranchid" (Synbranchus bengalensis) mopcx6i1 C. "anadromous synbranchid" (Macrotrema caligans) caer1611 c. (Afr.) "blind synbranchid" (Typhlosynbranchus) can-rnollepénnast (piMa) = uezHoroz6Baz c,716>mbnl 1. complex; 2. composite, having more than one aspect

c - noe 143y1énne. comprehensive, or many-sidecl, investigation caoil layer, stratum ray6oKon6,Eunilk' sapcopaccépinaionue C. deep scattering layer (DSL) 3ByKopaccénnaioulnei c. scattering layer (SL)—concentrations of plank- ton or small fish that reflect sound -waves C. cKaintà discontinuity layer (thermocline, etc.) caon elephant céseplibifi mopcK611 C. northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) fommbnI mopcx6ti C. southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) caonopma "elephant-snout" (Mormyrus kannume) carienimk' 1. (math.) random; 2. accidental, at random cmapua (Eur.) picarel (Spicara smaris, S. melanurus) c. 6oabuierabag (E Atl.) "bigeye picarel" (Smaris macrophthalmus) cmapù,aonbie fishes of the family Maenidae (or Centracanthidae)

232 CmépTHOCTE.

CmépTHOCTb mortality, mortality rate (see also K09C1)HuHéHT, cx6pocrh) no3memàxnnayi C. = Komnexcelpymman C. AenericApyromag c. depensatory mortality (mortality which takes a larger fraction of a stock as its abundance decreases) Komriericiipyromag C. compensatory mortality (mortality which takes a smaller fraction of a stock as its abundance decreases) emozha (Carpathian region) = HOJIOCàTbill ëpw—"striped ruffe" cmwrr smolt; (Atl.) a young salmon that lias become silvery just prior to or during downstream migration; (Pac.) any young salmon (1 year old or more) that is migrating to sea, whether or not the silver colour has begun to develop cmo,irrwimeàgHfl "smoltification", the process of change from parr to smolt cm9»uta (Bug R. region) 6Bicrp4l1ea pocrcKasi cydruca shackle, joint cxànnep aynAn—snappe• 6apàxnuel c. mutton snapper (Lut janus analis) npoxo,m6g c. lane snapper (Lut janus synagris) exam fishing gear 61716épotuiasi c. a type of entangling gear using unbaited hooks on lines hung from floats (6aeépici4) ›KHBO,LHAsi C., mcmno,ruiàsi axnedicrcan c. a gear formerly used for catch- ing sturgeon on the Caspian xp1oqx6san C. hook-and-line gear

I-m*1413E1h c. hook-and-line fishery, hand-line fishery (using bait) o6E'emasi (or rpy3onàfi) camoa6sHafl c. jig, jigger (for fishing) camoaômag C. 1. any fishing gear that uses unbaited hooks; 2. a set-line with barbless unbaited hooks on short gangions 20-25 cm apart, used to capture bottom fishes, particularly sturgeons inânixonasi camoà6BHan c. fishing gear using unbaited hooks that are fastened firmly into a rope base (xpe6ThFla) (tuâtuxa = scimitar) cHeK see CH9K cHémca (dead) carcass (of a fish) cHeTent stint, Baltic lake smelt (Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus—forma spirinchus) mopcKen1 c. (Black Sea) silversides (A Uterine ltepsetus) gepHom6pcicHil C. = gepHom6pcitasi aTepema clieT6x-necieàpb (Crimea) = gepHomôpcitafi wrepAma—Black Sea atherine cnyx (Am.) snook (C entropomus undeeimalis) ; (pl.) Centropomidae (also CHyKoBbte) criSramel fixed, restrained, dead, motionless (as opposed to free, alive or active) CH9K 1. (SE Atl.) snoek (Thyrsites atun) ; 2. (Aust.) = 6apax6yTa cmiwesoA, cHibpesag Danish seine, (Dan.) snurrevad CHHT, CHYITÔK = cHeT6K—stint, la,ke smelt coMma 1. dog; 2. = roaéu---Yakut char exoTonA,mail c. racoon dog (N yet ereut es proey onoid es)

233 conma

mopcesi C. spiny dogfish, piked dogfish (Sgualus acanthias) co6àxa-pgi6a (see also Hnuo6pibx) 1. puffer, globe-fish, swellfish (Sphoe- roides); 2. (pl.) puffers, toadfishes, Tetraoclontid.ae; 3. Pacifie wolf- fish (Anarhichas orientalis) 6mo-1'611e/1E1as' c. = 6eurr6tielmbei xrao6ptx 6Sipag c. "brown puffer" (Fugu rubripes) raàmcag nyrrxelcrag c. "leopard puffer" (Fugu pardalis) raà3qaTaYi C. 1. "eyed puffer" (Fugu ocellatus); 2. = xpacHoH6rasi C. 1CpacHox6ra1 c. "redfin puffer" (Fugu rubripes) cénepHasi c. "northern swellfish" (Fugu porphyreus) 4111Iopme,cicaz c. southern puffer (Sphoeroides nephelus) co6àqa pk6a (Ukr.) = contibst pgi6a co6à.twa diminutive of co6Lca 6o,nmeperrag c. bigmouth blenny (Neoclinus bryope) r6aan moxfm-roael6ag c. prickleback of the genus Bryostemma eBponékKasi moxorom5Basi c. Atlantic warbonnet, Yarrell's blenny (Chi- rolophis ascanii) xpâcHayi c. red prickleback (A.scoldia variegata) mopcxàsi c. 1. (Eur.) common blenny, shanny (Blennius pholis); 2. Black Sea blenny (B. sanguinolentus); 3. (pl.) blennies, Blenniiclae mopcitàsi c. ,wimmonlynaabnersasi "tentacled blenny" (Blennius tentacu- laris) mopcità51 C. 3n0lunwmpa "Zvonimir's blenny" (Blennius zvonimiri) moxoroa6Ba5I c. "mossy-head blenny", prickleback; (pl.) Stichaeidae moxoroaônasi c. CnàfuLepa "Snyder's prickleback" (Chirolophis snyderi) césepnan moxoro,n6Bayi C. "northern warbonnet" (Chirolophis snyderi) c. 4ânannia "Chaplin's blenny" (Hemiemblemaria chaplini) xoxerasi mopcxàg C. Montagu's blenny (Coryphoblennius galerita) gepnom6pcxasi c. "sphinx blenny" (Blennius sphynx) qe-rbipbcrabasi mopcitàyi c. "four-eyed blenny" (Dialommus fuscus) tieuiSema-rag c. scaly blenny, clinid; (pl.) Clinidae IletuSnItia-rasi moxoro,n6oa5T C. = BIII5HCKB51 moxoroa6BaR C. finemcKasi moxoroaônaz C. "Japanese warbonnet" (Chirolophis japonicus = Azuma emmnion) coeLiKa - 6à6otnea, (mopcxàsi) butterfly blenny (Blennius .ocellaris) co6à.Inca - namem, (mopcxàyi) "peacock blenny" (Blennius pctuo) co6àtnta - cc1u1ixc, (mopcids0 "sphinx blenny" (Blennius sphinx and B. trigloides) co6auxonme combtooth blennies, Blenniidae co6altbsi pù6a (Carpathian region) = eseinKa—mudminnow COB à OW]. 6éaag c. snowy owl (Nyctaea scandiaca) p1i6Han c. brown fish-owl (Ketupa zeylonensis) conepulefflopôTbie higher fishes, Teleostomi comoH6>xica surf crab (Emerita, etc.); (pl.) Albuneidae conoxSTnHocrb aggregate, group, assemblage

234 COBOK^IIHbIIi

COBOK^IIHbIIi combined, aggregate (adj.) c. D44éKT net effect coeZ[HHI3TeJIbHa5i (KOCTb) symplectic (bone) COHMa a decked boat used on Lake Ladoga coxo-aMx a sunken trap net used for cod côxoji 1. peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus); 2. Falconidae any falcon, CoxCÿH = iuxpoxoxbcxa--shoveller coi sole (Solea vulgaris) COTI,i[âT = HOM6pHI3K skua, jaeger coaAâT-p916a soldierfish; (pl.) tridae) squirrelfishes and soldierfishes (Holocen- xpâcxasl c. = KpâcHax 6éjrKa-pb16a COJIzj1THK = rOJlbfiH-minnoR* cojIéesble soles, Soleidae coJleycT61%II-IHBOCTb salinity tolerance COJIéH 1. = MopcKÔH 5139IK-sole; 2. (pl.) soles, Soleidae ae6posaH c. zebra sole (Zebrias regani) Ib&HasI c. "Tasmanian sole" (Aserragodes laaaclceanus) cbJIHeTIHaSi p916a 1. = c6nHue-pb16a; `Z. = CÔJIHeLiHbIf3 ÔKÿHb-SUnfish CÔJIHe,IHaH pb16Ka = C6JIHeTIHbIi3 ÔKÿHb--SUnfish côJtHetIHHK 1. John Dory (Zezcs faber), (pl.) dories, (also HeqHHxOabie); 2. côji- heliozoan, (pl.) Heliozoa (a Subclass of protozoans) rJIy6OKOB6,Z[HbIii c. "deepwater dory" rucosus) (Allocyttus rhomboidalis, A. ver- 3epKâJIbHbIIi C. mirror dory (Zenopsis nebulosa) cepe6pf4cTblH c. "silver dory" (Zeus conchifer) xHÔI-ICxHH c. Japanese dory (Zeus japonicus) côJlHue-pb16a 1. opah, Jerusalem haddock (Lampris regius); 2. (pl.) opahs, Lamprididae; 3. = nyHâ-p916a-mola xnôHCxax c. Japanese dory, target perch (Zeus japonicus) COJIOHOB1TbIii brackish C0.IISIHKa 1. saltwort, tumbleweed (Salsola); 2. solyanka-a soup coM (gen. coMâ) sheatfish, Danube catfish (Silurus CÔMI4K) glanis); (see also aMepxKâHCKi3K C. browli bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) aMÿpcxKR c. "Amur catfish" (Parasilurus azotns) apHeBbIK C. = âpxyc-sea catfish aCppIiKAHCKHA CTeKJISiHHbIIi C. African gla,ss catfish 6ojIbulerJlâ3bIH c. (Physalia pellucida) "bigeye catfish"; (pl.) Auchenipteridae 6pa3HnbcxHH c. "Brazilian sea catfish" (Pimelodus valenciennis) 6ÿpbIH tzJIHHI-IOnëpblH c. "brown walking catfish" (Clarias fuscus) AaJIbHeBOCTÔ,-IHbIIi C. = aM^pCKIdff c. ,1[BORKOjjbILllâII4l'IIi C. = ,IjdIgHHOIIëpbIii C. AJIHHHOnëpbIH c. walking catfish, amphibious catfish (Clarias) 235 COM

eBpa3I3ÎiCKYIe COMbI Eurasian catfishes, Siluridae eBponéHCxHH C. (Eur.) sheatfish (Silurus glanis) 3aTbIJIKOIIëpbIIi C. = 60JIbIilerJ1â3bIIi C. I3JIbHbIri MOpCKÔi%I C. (Aust.) cobbler (Chidoglanis macrocephalus) KHAAHCxaH C'rexJISIHHbIÎI C. Indian glass catfish (Cryptopteris bicirrhis) Kjtapxesbl%I c. walking catfish (G'larias batrachus) (Plotosus anguillaris); (pl.) KOJIIÔLIIiÎi MOpCKÔi'I C. striped sea catfish Plotosidae KoJIIO'qHH c. "spiny catfish" (Tachysurus heudelotii) Koluâqbx COMH (N Am.) freshwater catfishes, Ictaluridae ,nstryulKOro,aôBblH C. "froghead catfish" (Batrachocephalus mino) MeIIIxo1Kh6epHb1f4 C. "sack-gill catfish" (Heteropneustes fossilis) MopcKH c. 1. (Am.) gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus); 2. (Am.) (Trachysurus sea catfish (Arius felis); 3. (Indian 0.) "sea catfish" (Arius dussumieri or Netuma thalassinus); 4. (E Asia) "sea catfish" falcarius), (pl.) Ariidae; 5. = xoJIIb'4I4K MopcxSH c. catfish O6bIKHOB2HHbIIi j(JIIIHHOII2pbIIi C. (E Asia, Florida) walking (Clarias batrachus) nepHcTOÿCble coMbl Mochocidae nepyâHCKHH MOpCKÔK C. Peruvian sea catfish (Arius peruvianus) coM ApHCTOTedtsl Aristotle's catfish (Parasilurus aristoteli) COM CoJIRâTOSa Soldatov's catfish (Silurus solclatovi) coM xaxa chaca catfish (Chaca chaca) CTexJISIHHbI%I c. transparent catfish, glass catfish (certain Schilbeidae) (pl.) Plo- yrpexBOCTbIIi c. "eel-tailed catfish" (Plotosus anguillaris); tosidae u.IxJIb6 osble coMx Schilbeidae electricus); (pl.) BxeKTpxt-iecxxit c. electric catfish (Malapterurus Malapteruridae (Trachycoristes sp.) 10)KHOaMepHKâHCKI1Ii c. a South American catfish I4?KHble COMM Bagridae coM-acnpéRo "skin-womb catfish" (Aspredo filamentosus) coM-6poxsx armoured catfish; (pl.) Doradidae CoM-xochTxa = ICOC1TKa(1-4) catfish; coM-KÔluxa 1. (Am.) bullhead (the smaller species of Ictalurus), 2. (Eur.) brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus), the species acclimatized there cOM-COaII[âT "soldier catfish" (Osteogeniosus militaris) CÔMHK small catfish, bullhead (see also coM) aMepIIK1HCKHIi c. brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) aM^pCKHIi C. = aM^pCKIiI3 COM axreJlbcKIiIi c. "angel catfish" (Synodontis angelicus) (Glyptothorax apMAHCKHŸI (rÔpHblIi) C. "Armenian mountain catfish" armeniacus ) (Physailia pellucida) acppl3KâHCxxH CTeKJIHHHbIIi c. "transparent catfish" BbICOKOrÔpHbIIi C. = rOpHbIii C. rôpxbli-i c. (Asia) "mountain catfish"; (pl.) Sisoridae 30JIOTI%ICTbIii C. "golden catfish" (Corydoras schultzei) HI11(HHCxHH C. "Indian catfish" (Mystus) K1pJiI3KOBbIIi C. = aMepHKâHCKI4ii C.

236 côminc

mopciceiti C. "little sea catfish" (Pseudoptimelodus parahybae) rkanumpubnI C. mailed catfish (Lorticaria strigilata) nepHcToS7chik C. "feather-barbelled catfish" (Synodontis schal) TypxecTàncm414' c. "Turkestan catfish" (Glyptosternum reticulatum) gepHo6pr'oxilli C. blackbelly catfish, upsidedown catfish (Synodentis nigriventris) cômmt - icartelpy candiru (Vandellia ctirrhosa) c6mffic - .7nuenplumnà.no "stonesucker catfish" (Pseudecheneis sulcatus) c6mHx- nepesepTim upside-clown catfish (Synodontis nigriventris) c6mHx - nmni,amil "urine catfish''. (Pygidium) comoreenDie Siluroidei (a Suborder of catfishes) COMÔBHHK a long-line set for catfish (Volga delta) comôniile old-world catfishes, sheatfishes, Siluridae co66ujecTso 1. association, assemblage; 2. (ecol.) community coopy)KéFme de-vice, structure, installation phi6o3ae1rime c. fish-diversion device phi6onponycKH6e c. fish-passing device (see pm6ox6,g, II1J1103, ph160- 110,LUAMHI4K) cooTHoménae 1. ratio; 2. (math.) correlation conà 1. = cllHén—blue bream; 2. = 6e.nor.nâma—vehite-eye conàq (Ukr., local) nepmapenia—Percarina conpoTilnasiemocrb resistance (according to Fry's definition, an animal's physiological capacity to stave off, for a time, the harmful effects of environmental conditions that will ultimately prove lethal; see also' yCT■51111HBOCT) cop 1. (Baikal) bay; 2. (Siberia) flood-plain lake côpiimii 1. dirty; 2. weedy; 3. (of fish) coarse, rough. (having little or no value) côpnue pà6EI trash fish, nuisance fishes copôra L Siberian roach (Rutilus rutilus lacustris); 2. = naoTsà—roach; 3. = cepSnmœ—river roach; 4. -= cH6Apcia4i,1 még—Siberian dace copôHcFca 1. ezén Jlibieepra — Lindberg's dace; 2. = cépyunca—river roach; 3. (Aral Sea) = apàabcKan moTsà—Aral roach; 4. (Asia) = amSrperanl ropqàK—"Amur bitterling" cop6)xxi-ut (L. Onega) =- naoTi3à—roach cop6Ka magpie (Pica pica) mopercàH C. = Ky.idue-cop6xa—oystercatcher copoâ = KyJnix-cop6xa—oystercatcher COCàjIbLUHIC fluke, trematode; (pl.) Trematoda (a Phylum of worms) gHreHeTk=lecroei c. digenetic trematode; (pl.) Digenea mouorenevrepIecKHer c. monogenetic trematode; (pl.) Monogenea cocemca. (dim, of coœà) pine no,asalàsi c. mare's tail (IIippuris vulgaris)

237 coc6K

COCÔK, cocônex 1. nipple; 2. papilla npe6ypcàama5i C. prebursal papilla (of nematodes) cocTà3 composition no3pacriel C. age composition C. YJI(5130B catch composition cocrosœnme 1. condition, state, status; 2. composition; 3. a combination of the two preceding ideas c. ra;i6noro 3anàca condition of a fish stock côTma (abbrev. cm) 1. sotka (2.134 cm); 2. 1/100 hectare comeTàFine combination; (math.) set colurenômaR (KocTb) articular (bone) commix 1. ploughshare; 2. vomer cnan'Finx Diplozoon paradoxum—a trematode parasite of bream cnapâRa (NE Pac.) shiner perch, shiner seaperch (Cymatogaster aggregata) cnàposhie porgies, Sparidae (see also 3y6àn, narp) cnàpyc (E Atl.) gilthead, gilt-head bream (Sparus atirata) cneunctima special character or property (not specification) cnna section, cross-section (of fin spines, used for age determination) cni,mà back, dorsum (not spine) cnnmimir = cnennimiroBasi xaTSquica—spinning reel cnnrinôg dorsal, back (not spinal) cnnno67IacT spinoblast—a resting stage of bryozoans crinnonép "featherback" (Notopterus) NH,Teickmei c. "Indian featherback" (Notopterus ) .716)Knmil C. "bareback" (Xenomystus nigri) cramopôr 1. (Atl.) gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus); 2. (pl.) trigger- fishes, , Balisticlae; 3. (pl.) leatherpickets, Aluteridae (often included in Balistidae) KopoTKopÉiabul Tpëxnramil c. "shortsnout hornfish" (Triacanthus bre- virostris) MáJIBI noaocàTbul c. (Japan) "little striped filefish" (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) o,zumpôrmI c. unicorn filefish (Alutera monoceros) C. ymépembnI _= IlêpHIDIel C. TpëtX1IFJ1bIll C. hornfish (Triacanthus); (pl.) Triacanthidae (see also Tpoeumn) gepubnl c. black scraper (Cantherinus modestus) cnmopôrosme triggerfishes, filefishes, Balistidae crumoumn spiny eel (Notacanthus nasus); (pl.) Notacanthidae crinpAnx Spirinchus—a genus of smelts zimmionëpbnI c. (E Pac.) longfin smelt (S. thaleichthys) g‘idunnel C. "Hokkaido smelt" (S. lanceolatus) mopcx6fi c. (E Pac.) night smelt (S. starksi) crimpornpa, cimpoNulpa Spirogyra (a freshwater alga) 238 CIIIiLIaK

CIImIaK (Dnepr) a Small x4epHoM6pcKaH cedIb,tjb-Black Sea shad CH,>IéCeHb a splice

CHJIéCHHBaTb, CIIJIéCHi3Tb to splice cnôpoBl-iK sporozoan; (pl.) (also crlôposble) Sporozoa (a Class of parasitic protozoans) KpoB5IHÔi3 c. haemosporidian; (pl.) Haemosporidia (an Order of sporo- zoans, including the malaria organism) CTIfI3HCTbIIi (or CJII%I3KHIi) C. = MHKCOCIIOPI3,I[H5I-myaoSpolidian CII0p036IiHbIIi sporozoan (adj.) CIIOC66HOCTb ability, capacity H36HpâTeJlbHaH C. selective capacity, forage ratio (ratio of the abun- dance of two food items in fish stomachs to that in the feeding area) MOT (Am.) spot (Leiostogiaus xantlawrics) CrIPyT 1. = rFirAHTCKHfI KaTIbM^p-giant squid; 2. (less correctly) _ OCbMHHÔr-octopAS CIIyCK7Tb, CIIyCTf4Tb 1. to lower; 2. to set, to shoot (a net from a boat) CIISiT-IKa see IIOKÔIi CpaBHIHMbIIi (math.) congruent cpe6po6plôluxa (W Pac. and Indian 0.) pony fish, silverbelly (Leiognathus = Liognatlzus); (pl.) pony fishes, Leiognathidae cpeAâ 1. environment (in nature); 2. medium (in experiments) BHëIIIHSISi C. external environment, ambient medium 06bëM cpeAbi environmental capacity cpeAHHHbIi=i middle, median cpeAHerpÿRb mesothorax cpé,z{Hee see cpéAHxx CpeJ;HeII0,Zj'b513IiILIHaH (KOCTb) ceratohyal (bone) Cp6)IHHi3 (adj.) middle, mean, average cpéAHSIH (uK(^pa), cpéAHee (qxcald) mean, average (nnmber) B3BéI.IlexxaH c. weighted mean rapMOHHLaecxaH c. harmonic mean reoMeTpftI4ecxas c. geometric mean cxallb3sllltasl c. running average, moving average cpoCTHOr,IIÔTOqHble Synentognathi (an Order of fishes) CpoCTH011éJII0CTHbie , Plectognathi (an Order of fishes) cc (cylqecTBOBâHHe CoMHI3TeJIbHOe) existence doubtful-a symbol used on charts cTâBHHK = cTasHSH HéBOA-trap net cTasH6K fixed (of nets). See Jlosÿluxa, HésOR, ceTb CTaBpfIjja, CTaBpIi,i[Ka (adj. CTaBpIiJ];HbIIi) 1. = C. o6bIKH0BéHHaH; 2. = 3r3K0T&Ia5l c.; 3. (Eur.) cavalla (Caranx); 4. (Am.) jack (Ca9'an.i:)-se6 also KApaHKC; 0, = 30JI0TI3CT15I JIaKé,Z[pa-yellowtai1; 6. any species of Traclcurus, Decapterus and allied genera, (pl.) Carangidae

239 c-raspa

aviariTemecxasi C. = C. 06bIKHOBéHHaS1 6o.nbluer.e3ag c. bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) .aecyrrpinëpag C. (W Atl.) "ten-finned horsemackerel" (Decapterus ronchus). See also ,u,ecsrrmnëpxa Zummonëpag c. (Aust.) dart, swallowtail (Trachinotus) xpynx0nulTR6BaH c. (Aust.) finny scad (Megalaspis cordyla) HOB03e,71àHACKaR C. (Aust.) cowanyoung (Trachurus mcculloughi) na6cKa5i c. (Aust.) trevally (Caranx) cepe6pAcTag C. "silver scad" (Trachurus argenteus) cHripHasi c. (SE Asia) "cigarfish" (Decapterus russelli, D. kiliche) citym6pPies&wasi C. = Kpyrilionume6sa5l C. cpe/u43emHomôpcKasi C. Mediterranean scad (Trachurus mediterraneus) C. KpS7rzayi (Atl.) round scad (Decapterus punctatus) C. o6binloBéinia5 (E Atl.) scad, horsemackerel, (S Afr.) maasbanker (Trachurus trachurus) TmxoorceàHcxafl C. jack maclçerel (Trachurus symmetricus) ymcrré.nag C. mackerel scad (Decapterus rhonchus and other species of Decapterus) gepHom6pcKag C. "Black Sea scad" (Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus) ibmaiasi C. (Aust.) "southern horsemacherel" (Trachurus declivis) Komioactipmcàxcicasi c. = c. 06bIKHOBellHafi sinôxcicasi C. Japanese horsemackerel (Trachurus japonicus) craspA,ga-ceaap (Atl.) bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) cTaspAjr,oBbie jacks, scads and , Carangidae cràgsmsi (oFrroreHé3a) (developmental) stage mitimélmag C. larval stage mi431;1,twa5i c., mH3AcHafl C. mysis stage (of certain crustaceans) nocTamtuniôlniag C. postlarval stage cràRo 1. herd (of cattle); 2. stock, population (of fish), including fish of all sizes and availabilities (Maslov); 3. (of salmon) run (a group of stocks or "isolates") compare 3anàc, cmpbenàq 6à3a, nsozaT mà-rotmoe C. brood stock, spawning stock pem6frrime c. new (spawning) stock, supplementary stock (used to re- place losses among the brood stock, in pond-fish culture) CTUHOCTb aggregative behaviour, capacity or propensity for flocking or schooling (from CTàfI) CTUIHIDIrd schooled, aggregated (see also crà51) craphx 1. old man; 2. a bat (Centurio senex) CT41,11C ancient murrelet, Bering's guillemot (Synthliborhamphus antiquum) xoxeThiei c. "crested murrelet", Japanese auk (S. wumizusume) cràpmu,a, crapopéqbe oxbow lake, abandoned river channel CTapOCBéTHIDIel old-world (adj.) cTà.vroobiii starting, initial cTapSrunta 1. old woman; 2. "ancient wrasse" (Bodianus iagonensis) crà.T06.11acT statoblast CTà.TOtptcT statocyst

240 CTaBHOH4HIDIII cTauFforiàpHmti 1. stationary, fixed; 2. done at a station (occupied by a ship) cràsi (adj. cràfirmiti) 1. flock (of birds); 2 , shoal, school, group, con- centration (of fish); 3. pod (of whales) cTe6eaële (gen. ci.e6eabxà) diminutive of eré6ear, ›KeayetuiNfl c. manubrium (of jellyfish) cré6eab stalk, stem xBocTorin C. caudal peduncle (of fish) cre6e.nbtraToma3 "stalk-eye"—larva of the black dragon (Idiacanthus)— a deepsea fish cTe6éabgaThie stalked echinoderms, Pelmatozoa (a Class of echinoderms, including crinoids, cystids, etc.) c-reroneit.aa stegocephalian; (pl.) Stegocephalia (a Class of extinct amphibians) cTex 1. steak (of meat or fish); 2. stake cmcchposarme steaking, cutting into steaks cTeHà. 1. wall; 2. wall net—a large lead net used to direct salmon towards traps

cTépo - steno- (having limited range of tolerance) cTerioramUmbiti stenohaline c.reuoTepAnitiecKHii stenothermal creneHH611 (math.) exponential créneub 1. degree; 2. (math.) exponent, power C. cuo615,abi (stat.) degree of freedom cTépex, cTepx Siberian crane, white crane (Grus leucogeranus) CTepTIA,Kb 1. sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus); 2. (Lena, Kolyma) small Siberian sturgeon (A. baeri) el-164mA c. "Siberian sterlet" (A. r. marsiglii) cr4rÉnuma Stygicola dentata—an eyeless abyssal fish clunéT stylet cTméesbre pricklebacks, Stichaeidae c.rxxer 1. prickleback of the genus Stichaeus; 2. any Stichaeidae Kàpamcoribul c. "dwarf prickleback" (Stichaeopsis nana) c. 1-pm.6pBeua Grigorev's prickleback (Stichaeus grigoriewi) C. HO3àBbI Nozawa's prickleback (Stichaeus nozawae) C. Oxpsimiama Okhryamkin's prickleback (Stichaeus ochriamkini) C. nsrrHiicTbei arctic shanny (Stichaeus p'unctatus) membuneuibiti c. (Jap.) "sixline prickleback" (Emogrammus hexa- grammus)

cTc5en4Hm (U'kr.) = eaéri—dace cTorp&aycHhifi Celsius, Centigrade CTIMKOCTb resistance (see also COIWOTHBJIàeMOCTb) CTOK 1. flow; 2. run-off, drainage, discharge; 3. outflow; 4. sewer, drain

241. CTOK

6eHTAtIecxiM c ., 6eHToccr6K bottom-d«•elling animals carried downstream by the flow of a rive r 6Ho,norHt-IecICKIi c ., 6i3OCTÔK "the organic portion of the suspended matter in a river" (Kabanov ) nJIaHICTÔHHbiIi c ., HJIaHiCTOCTÔK plankton suspended in river water TBëpAbIH C . solid (inorganic) matter suspended in a flow of water, silt loa d CTOa16 column, pillar, pole, post II03BOH61IHbIIi C . vertebral column, spine cToj16éu 1 . = cT5J16xK ; 2. = Ilecxâpb-gudgeon cT6j16xK column in a table of data ; also other types of columns cTosrec~'opa Stolephorus-a genus of small tropical anchovies cTôjtxK stage (of a microscope ) cToMHeBble scaly dragonfishes, Stomiatidae CTÔMIHH scaly dragonfish (Stomias af finis) CTOpo1KÔIC = BepTI3K1JIbHa5I HO?KI3JIIdH a CTpexC, CTpé?KeHb (peK13) main channel (of a river ) CTpeKhTeJIb, CTpeKhK)ILjaH (MeAy3a) medusa ; (pl.) Cnidaria (a Class of coelenterates ) cTpeK031 dragonfly (or damselfly) ; (pl .) Odonata HacToslmax c. dragonfly of the genus Libellula HepaBHOKphIJIaH c. dragonfly ; (pl .) Anisoptera njtôcxasl c . "flat Libellula" (Libellula clepressa) pasxoxpblltax c . damselfly, demoiselle fly ; (pl .) Zygopter a . damselfly of the family Coen- cTpénKa 1 . arrow ; 2. = MopcKâx c. ; 3 agrioniclae .) Chaetog- Mopcxâx c . arrow-worm (Sagitta and related genera) ; (pl natha cTpe,nKOJIIICT arrowhead, duck potato (Sagittaria)-a water plant 06bIKHOBéHHbIŸI c . common arrowhead (S . sagittifolia) IMâBalou;asl c. floating arrowhead (S. natans ) cTpéneT little bustard (Otis tetrax) cTpeccôpllblK (biol .) stressful, causing stress c-Hble B3aHMO,U,éiiCTBIi51 interactions causing stress (between individuals or populations ) C-Ha5i POJIb HJIÔTHOCTiI role of density in causing stress c-Hax cpe,u.â stressful environmen t cTpex = c'répex-Siberian white crane CTpHXx swift (Apus)-a bird cTpH)xôlC small species of swallows (Riparia, etc.) 3eMJI5IHÔii c. bank swallow, sand martin (R. riparia) cTpoKâ line (in a table of data ) cTpoMaTéeBble butterfishes, Stromateidae cTpoMaTéii, cTpoMaTéyc butterfish (Stromateus )

242 CTp0MaTéel

BocTotmoamairrùlrecxei C. fiatolon, pomfret (S. fiatolla) naTar6HcKHR c. Patagonian butterfish (8. brasiliensis) cTpon 1. brail (for getting fish out of a seine or trap net); 2. sling; 3. shroud (line) Aea&Kribrti c. = y,gami614 c.

maim-16'11 c. split strap—a line passed around the coclend of a trawl to pinch off part of the catch erpyrià string (especially of musical instruments) CHEIHITàH c. notochord

crÉmica (Belorussia) = cHéTox—lake smelt cTsirnsà.Fme (néso,rta) pursing. (a seine) cy-63'ipx3rr = opaàn 6eaoxa6cT—grey sea eagle cy6ym6péama subumbrella (of jellyfish) cyMenca Vorticella (a protozoan) cyrëli (Syr-dar) apàabcion%1 or .rypxecTàFicitmI ycàq—Aral barbel cygàK (adj. cyelmil) (locally cy,11,6m, cyaà; see also 6ernu) 1. any member of the genus Stizostedion (= Lucioperca); 2. zander, , (European) pike-perch (S. lucioperca); 3. other percoid fishes—see below amepkucânclaier c. = >1ië,11TbIii C. rnràwrcrael mopcx6i1 c. (Pac.) black sea bass (Stereolepis gigas) rodly6(511 c. (Am.) blue pike, blue walleye (Stizostedion glaucum) ,E(aabHeBOCT6L1HbIll mopcK611 c. (Pac.) sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) )Kë.irrbill c. (Ani ) walleye, yellow pickerel (Stizostedion vitreum) Kalià,II,CRMI C. -= IleCqàFibIti C. OBACK1-111 c. (NW Russia) = 6epin—Volga zander mopcx6i1 c. 1. (Eur.) "sea zander" (Stizostedion marinum); 2. (Afr.) sea perch (Epinephelus, Serranus); 3. (Am.) grouper (Epinephelus, illycteroperca); 4. (Auk) cod (Epinephelus, Cephalopholis, Plectropo- mus); 5. (Pac.) TepriSm—one-finned greenling; 6. (Pac.) Ammiesoc.r6taimil mopcx6i1 cyet nectikihnl c. (Am.) sauger (Stizostedion canadense) cseTaonëpuk C. = acëxrbrti c. imeniciue mopcicôti C. = M.JIblieBOCT6LIHIDIP mopceti c. cmaterc, cy,10.116K () 1. = mopcieôfi aenôK—Atka mackerel; 2. = BOCM14.1114HéralbIg TeprISir—Alaska greenling mopcm6i4 c. (Commander Is.) -= césepFulk o,Enionëpuil Tepre cy,r(figoahre Sudidae—a family of fishes cS7,RHo vessel, ship (np6mbicaa) see Cy,RHOCTKI3 cSrAno-cpà6pmea factory ship cy,moc3rric4 vessel-day, boat-day (a unit of fishing effort) cS7Ka 1. bitch; 2. = 6bNeue-umpmàw—syrman goby cyxaaenb godwit Jlariaàaqcm4ii c. bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica) cyaà (Ukr., local) = cyeit—zander

243 cyJrràHica cydrràxma (see also 6apa6S1rbKa) 1. (Eur.) red mullet, striped mullet (Mullus barbatus); 2. (pl.) goatfishes, surmullets, red mullets, Mullidae; 3. purple gallinule (Porphyrio porphyrio); 4. Indian gallinule (P. polio- cephalus) ascrpamlilcmag c. Australian red mullet (Upeneichthys porosus) aTaainsffilecitme goatfishes (Mu//us) xtêxrasi c. sulphur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) 3anumoa4)pmckicxasi c. "African goatfish" (Upeneus prayensis) 30a0Tonoaôcasi c. "yellow-striped goatfish" (1Ifulloidichthys auriflammea) Eari,o-THxooKeàficKafl c. "oriental surmullet" (Upeneus benasi) xpàcuaz c. "yellow-bellied goatfish" (Pseudupeneus chrysopleuron) 06bIKHOBéHHail C. = cyaTàxxa(1) cpe,m43emuom6pcitasi c. Mediterranean surmullet (Mullus surmuletus) 4epHom6pcKasi c. "Black Sea goatfish" (Mullus barbatus) cy,irràmwsue goatfishes, Mullidae cyriràpmc Chanodichthys mongolicus cycak 361111411HIDIft flowering rush, umbrella reed (Butomus umbellatus) cycpc blind river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) cyxouéel the dry wind of the steppes of the lower Volga cyxon6c Chinese goose, swan goose (Cygnopsis cygnoides)

cyxope6pAgsi = 6bic-rpsima — A/burnoides bipunctatus cymembia dried fish, dried meat cylusecTBeimbdi 1. substantial, material; 2. important; 3. (less often) in- trinsic, by nature cclAnioubei xoBëp sphagnum mat ccDepocnop63 KàpnoB carp sphaerosporosis—a gill disease caused by the microsporidian Sphaerospora branchialis

ccl)Hpéna. 6appauy,aa —barracuda

ccimpéna - ryallàfflo guaguanche (Sphyraena guachancho) cclApHa = memoT-pA6a—hammerhead shark CXBâTbIBaTb, CXBaThTb 1. to seize; 2. to sling cx6Ac-rBo (rmuiem5e) see fautexc cgenaérixe linkage cuPtélia, cuuàua 1. = °pain-11,UL rop6bufb; 2. (Pac.) black croaker (Cheilotrema saturnum); 3. various other Sciaenidae

cumélia. opëz OpeiHbIel rop6Y)Iab—maigre culuDome,ILSTsa, cu,i4614,Twasi (me,u,ST3a) scyphozoan, jellyfish; (pl.) Sey- phozoa (a Class of coelenterates) ctihlibei 1. pertaining to accounts or computations, numerical; 2. (mor- phol.) meristic c-Hasi amérixa slide rule CliëTIII4K 1. counter; 2. recorder; 3. calculator 'rope BbI c. end-window counter (for radioactive disintegrations) azeierpômimil c. electronic computer

244 cbIpéq

cbIpéu (gen. cbIpuâ) raw, whole (used attributively) nec-cbipéu whole weight undressed weight (of fish) cbipxa = nedISIAb (Coregonus peled) CbIpTb vimba., zanthe (Vimba vinaba) CbIpbeS1H 613a see 633a CbITb galingale (Cyper2ts)-a sedge IiJtKxxax c. tall galingale (C. longus) cbltt a small owl Cslsxa (Pechora region) = x&tbNta-inconnu cxxcôx 1. antenna; 2. palp

245 Ta6STH 1. herd (of horses); 2 , pod, school (of whales) Taspii,twa = tiepHomôpcKasi cTaspgza—Black Sea scad TabICHbIll See Tagrà Ta3, Ta31'x 1. (of insects) coxa; 2. (of vertebrates) pelvis; 3. basin, tank, vat prii5036,gxbel T. -wooden tank or small concrete pond in a fish hatchery Tà30BbIii pelvic, coxal Tag sea bream, "tai"—a Japanese narne for certain fishes of the fa.milies Sparidae and 60.ribruôg Kpàcxhig T. (E Asia) snapper sea bream, "made' (Payrus major) 11CéJITIDIII Ta llyellow porgy, bream, "kiclai" (Tains iumifrons) Kpàcgmel Tag 1. (Jap.) crimson sea bream, "chidai" (Evynnis japonica);

2. = 60JIbLIIUI Kpà.cFibril T.; 3. ----- Taft - Impel-An T. SnéKepa "Bleeker's sea bream" (Argyrops bleekeri) S1II6FICKHil T. -= xpàcumil T.(1)

Tail - Kap,amàa "cardinal sea-bream" (Evynnis cardinalis) Tailrà (adj. TablŒbIII) taiga, northern short coniferous forest Tagméxh, TàfimeHb 1. (Siberian) taimen (Hucho taimen); 2. (Baltic) :=- JI0C6Cb-TarlMéHb—sea-trout ,zwriàficrtmg T. Danube salmon (H. hucho)

eBponéeicKuil T. MOpCKàfl cl)opéab —sea trout KopéficKHR T. "Korean taimen", "chachi." (H. ishikawai) CaXaJ111IICKel T. "Sakhalin taimen", "goy" (H. perryi) Takduc a kind of marine trap net, with a lead from shore Tagcl)Simimc gadfly petrel (or shearwater) (genus Pterodroma) 6eam66biii T. Bonin Islands fulmar (P. leucoptera) Taltà6a (Jap.) takaba (Labracoglossa argentiventris); (pl.) Labracoglossidae TaxTocTôma longfin dragonfish (Tactostoma macropus) Taaaccôma Thalassoma—a genus of wrasses rasàficxag T. "Hawaiian wrasse" (T. duperreyi) ,aByxrumôcasi T. (Atl.) blueheacl (T. bifasciatum) Taaaccoci)phxa poison toadfish (Thalassophryne reticulata) TamAxT (E Pac.) eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus)—a smelt TaJIMàHHTb tO tally TaJIbMéHb = Tagmégb—taimen Tamapoy Mindoro -water buffalo (Bubalus mindorensis) TarrAp tapir (Tapirus)

palm-du-nu:A T. plains tapir (T. lerrestris)

246 TapaxA H

TapaItâH cockroach ; (pl.) Blattidae MopcxôH T. the large isopod Mesidothea entomon TapaxaxocseplIoK Grylloblatta-an insect TapaKI3xH (N .Z.) tarakihi (Dactylopagrus macropterics) 'rapâlcT (Ind . 0.) Taractes bongipinnis Tapatrylnxa (Dnepr) estuarine form of TapâH b TapâHb 1 . Azov roach, Black Sea roach, "taran" (Rutilus rutilus Taeckeli) ; 2. (Volga delta) = rycTepz-white brea m TapaTbpa = 6onbuiâa IcoHlôra-crested auklet TapaT6pxa = MaJlax xoHlbra-whiskered auklet TapaXTÿH = TëMHblii rop61;l,ab(l)-ombre Tapâtuxa 1 . (lower Volga) = rycTepâ-white bream ; 2. (Azerbaijan) = Ib)xHasl 6edIoriIâ3xa-southern white-ey e Tâpex "Lake Van minnow" (Claalcalbzcrnus tarichi) Tâpex-cnKAâH = 6édIbIH âxcT-white stor k TaprlôH 1 . tarpon (Megalops) ; 2. ladyfish, tenpounder (Elops saurus) aTJIaHTI%P-IecxI3Ii T. tarpon, Atlantic tarpon ([17egalops atlanticus) HHA O-TI3XOOKe A HCKHIi T . = KapnOBI3 AHbII3 T. Kapn0Bi3jjHblii T . small tarpon, Broussonet's tarpon, Pacific tarpon (Megalops cyprinoi.des ) Tapn6HOSble tarpons, bZegalopidae TapII~H = Tapn6H(1 ) TapTapÿra = liepenâxa-appây-giant Amazon turtle Tac-6ac (= stony head) Yakutian for ruffe (ëpul) TayBHHa "tauvina grouper" (EpinepTzelus tauvina) TayT1H Kazakh name for 6adtxâtucxHH bxyxb-Balkhash perch TayTora tautog (Tautoga onitis)-an American wrass e TaTIëK (Azov region) a small Black Sea shad (Alosa kessleri pontica) Tain weight, lead (for a net ) TBHHAex between decks TeBSIK grey seal (Haliclzoerus grypus ) TexÿT-iax pbi6a ripe fish (with running eggs or milt) Te,aecxôn telescope variety of goldfish Teiiéu (N Russia) = 6épluxx-Volga zande r Té1IO body (of a fish or other animal)-see also BbicoxoTéxocTb Tejtope3 "saw-leaf" (Stratiotes aloides ) TéJIbCOH telson (the terminal segment of the body of certain arthropods) TeM CAMbIM consequently TeMeHHâx (KOCTb) parietal (bone) TeMHCTO TTzemisto-a pelagic amphipo d

247 TéMH

TéMH front or top of head, sinciput TéxpeK tenrek BO,i[HHÔIi T. (Madagascar) "water tenrec" (Limnogale mergulus) Texyxc tenuis-the larval stage of carapid fishes TéHbre-6aJIbIK (Chu R.) "Turkestan barbel" (Barbus capito conocephalus) TepardiH (Aust.) teraglin (Zeluco stelodus) TepanSH tigerfish, grunt (Therapon theraps) TpëxnOJIOCbIH T. or TepanbH 5Ip6yâ yarbua grunt (T. jarbua) TepaIIÔHOSble Theraponidae-a family of spiny-rayed fishes Tepéj(O = KOpa6éJIbHbIfI TIepBb Tepéxa (Smolensk region) = rycTepâ-white bream TépxyC = IlecTpoHbrax Kpâuxa-Sandwich tern Tépriyr 1. = césepnblH oRHonëpblH T.; 2. (p1.) greenlings (Hexagram- midae), sometimes including combfishes (Zaniolepidae); 3. = 3y6âTbIH T. aMepi3IC1HCKHÎi T. = 1(eC5ITHTIiiHéiiHbIii T. 6epHHrOBOMÔpCKHÎi T. = CéBepHbII3 Oj(HOnëpbIŸi T. 6pOBaCTbIH T. greenlings of the genus Il exagrammos 6^pbIIi T. = BOCbMHJIIdHéÎIHbIi3 T. BOCbMHJII3HéKHbIÏ'i T. masked greenling (Hexagrammos octogrammos) JI,eCHTi3JIHH2IiHbIii T. kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) 1jJIIdHH06p6BbIIi T. rock greenling (Ilexagrammos superciliosus) .I[JIHHHJnëpblii KOJtIÔI-IHH T. longspine combfish (Zaniolepi.s latipinnis) 3aIiljerOllÔBbIii T. = KypfiJlbCKHH T. 3y6âTbIH T. lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) KOJIiÔrdIÜi T. longspine combfish (Zaniolepis latipinnis) KOpOTKOnëpbIii KOJIiÔT-IHÎI T. shortspine combfish (Zaniolepis frenata) KpâCHblIi T. = KypAJIbCKHŸi T. KypI3JIbcxxK T. rock greenling (Hexagrammos lagocephalus) ORHOJIHHéiiHbIIi T. "one-striped greenling" (Agrammus agrammus) Oj[HOIIëpbIi? T. "one-finned greenling"-genus Pleurogrammus nO.aoCâTbIH T. painted greenling (Oxylebius picius) nxTHftcTbIH T. whitespotted greenling (Zlexagrammos stelleri) (Pleuro- céBepHbIIi Oj[HOnëpblIi T. Atka mackerel, Atka fish, yellowfish grammus monopterygius) T. OTâxx "Otaki's greenling" (Hexagrammos otakii) T. CT2JIJiepa = n59THI3CTbIii T. (Pleurogrammus azonus) IÔ?KHbIÿI OAHOnepblli T. "Asian greenling" IÔ?KHbIÎ^i T. = T. OTâKId 5inoHOMÔpCKHii T. = IÔ?KHbIIi Oj[HOnëpblŸI T. SInÔHCKIdI%I T. = T. OTâKH TeprlyrôBble greenlings, Hexagrammidae TéCTO dough (used as fish bait) TeTHB1 1. string, twine; 2. web, webbing, mesh (of a net) TeTpa tetra-aquarium fishes of the family Characidae HeÔHOBaH T. = HeÔH-neon tetra ÔrHeHHaH T. "flame tetra" (Ilyphessobrycon flantimeus)

248 TeTpaKOTI1J163

TeTpaKOTHJI63, TeTpaltoTHaës tetracotylosis (a fish disease caused by larval trematodes of the genus Tetracotyle) TeTpapHux63 tetrarhynchosis (infestation by the tapeworms Tetrarhynchus, Nybelina or related genera) Tegérme current oT66i1Hoe T. fast current oniduvaloe T. offshore current, undertow IlpHJIABO-OTJIABH0e T. tidal current Tema, Tëuuta the flesh on the belly of large fishes THrp6Ban pi;r6a (Afr.) tiger fish (Hydrocyon); (pl.) Citharinidae 60J1b111à51 T. "giant tiger fish" (II. goliath) o6ÉrmaR T. common tiger fish (H. lineatus) THaànHH Tilapia—an African genus of cichlid fishes, much used in pond culture mo3am6fixemasi T. T. mossambica mules{ Boasuiàsi Tillea aquatica—a plant of the stonecrop family Tiixa pond scum nil-1,a grilse of Atlantic salmon that spawn in the saine year as they enter the river; compare ./H4c-ronà,aita Tmexn, TFIFICHID (Afr.) "tinena" (Alestes)—a characid fish THHHHK "mud beetle" (Ilybius) THHHHXT Thynnichthys—a genus of commercial cyprinids of SE Asia HHZIHACKHII T. Indian Thinnichthys (T. sandkhol) THHPO TINRO—TxxooKeàHCK1-114 H“TIIHO-HCCJIegoBâTe.71bCKHri HHCTHTSTT pl;I6H01-0 X03ShiCTBa H OKeaHorpâtinm (BTIUHBOCT6K) THHTHHHù):( tintinnian; (pl.) Tintinnia (a tribe of protozoans found in plankton) THH 1. type; 2. (zool.) Phylum THpeoTp6rnimil thyrotropie TxpsiiT (SW Atl.) Thirsitops lepiclopoidea Txpx1mxa pratincole—shore birds of the genus Glare°la BOCTôt1Hail T. large Indian pratincole (G. maldivarum) ayrouàsi T. pratincole (G. pratincola) crenFiàsi T. black-winged pratincole (G. nordmanni) TH)cox6,Euta tardigrade, water bear; (pl.) Tardigrada (a Class of arthropods) TKalib tissue TOK 1. current (of water or electricity); 2. (Carpathian region) = 1-10H— As pro

Toxmarc6aui (Black Sea) = ao6àH —mullet Tomc66HocTh tolerance (of poisonous substances) ToJwyHé = Komàp-ToaxyHég—naidge TOJIK9H4HK trumpet-fish ToanÉlra ToacToa66---silver carp

249 T0JICTOr0,116B

TOACTOrOJI6B (Black Sea) = 6bni6K-roaonàq—bighead goby TWICTOJI66, roacro,m56mt 1. = 6éabier T.; 2 , certain other large cypri- nids of east Asia 6éJimil or 06bIKHOBÉHEILIft T. silver carp (Hypoph,thalntichthys molitrix) riëcTphifl T. bighead (Arislichthys no buis) IbM(FibIfi T. = IlkTpbel T. Temma 1. mass, thickness; 2. (geol.) stratum B T6JILLIe BO,LLù in open water, pelagic(ally) TOJII11,1411à 1. thickness (in general); 2. thickness (of a fish's body) [symbol = B.], conventionally taken as the greatest thickness measurable by calipers along the cross-section where body depth is greatest nal466abuian T. greatest thickness—usually the same as Tomumiià(2) mézbnan T. relative thickness (see noica3âTe.nb) TôMKO,i( tomcod (Mierogadus) aTaarrrnLiecxnel T. Atlantic tomcod (M. tomcod) TuxooKeàuciaill T. Pacific tomcod (M. proximus) T6115i (adj. TOliëBLIII) 1. fishing place (for drag seining); 2. haul (of a seine) TonefiàFiT pennant (a line running the full length of the body of a trawl, on either side) TOILTIeiK 1. wreck; 2. snag, deadhead (sunken) TOIlliSiK deadhead (a log strande d on the bottom of a river, partly or wholly submerged, but sticking up so as to be a danger to navigation) Ton6puic (also Ton()pox) 1. hatchet; 2. hatchetfish (Argyropelecus acu- leatus); 3. = Tynhm—puffin; 4. = X0XJ1àTbIrl T. X0XJ1àTbIll T. tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata) Tonopuxoubie hatchetfishes, Sternoptychidae TOpaitàilbHIDIII thoracic T6paxc thorax Top 6é11 = llom6pHmt—skua, jaeger Topuàpug tornaria (a larval form of Balanoglossus, etc.) Topôc (ice) hummock Topnà, TOp111HKa, cpopéab—(river) trout mill) peat Topcpuiàg idipa6oTKa peat workings, peat quarry TpaBà grass JIHrSililetibil T. water pepper (Polygonum hydropiper) nellasi mopcxàg T. dwarf grass-wrack (Zostera nana) mamasi T. flote grass, manna grass (Glyceria fluitans) moz6imayi T. sea milkwort (Glaux maritima) mopcmàn T. eel-grass, grass-wrack (Zostera,) ILLSiLlb31 T. water bindweed (Polygonunz amphibium) Tpamm< 1. redshank (Tringa totanus); 2. (Pechora) =- xox,eaTan uép- nem—tufted duck TpaeHHIC 6bi4eix-Tpaudunix—weed goby

250 TpaeHma

TpaBehnœ (middle Amur) = roaroHénuca—Perccottus Tpampa (Afr.) "traira" (Hopbias malabaricus)—a characinoid fish TparcTefflca treatment (of a subject in an article) 'rpm, Tpàya trawl 6J11431-1e1.16BbIii T. = IlàpHIDIfl T. 6opTcum5ei T. side trawl AÔHHIDIII T. bottom trawl KopmoH6ii T. stern trawl xpeseTôtuibiti T. shrimp trawl Hâpribdi T. pair trawl (a trawl hauled by two boats) FfeJlarligeCKER T. pa3Horay6HHHLHI T. npH,a6HHuti T. off-bottom trawl, near-bottom trawl pa3Horay6lifixhiel 'F. midwater trawl T. Bmxbep6H-,L1à.nsi Vigneron-Dahl trawl T. 1,13aKc-n,ga. Isaacs-Kidd trawl T. C 6peHH6m beam trawl qàcTHIKHblei T. large trawler, heavy trawler M0p03É1,711)111DIII cpé,zuner phi60J1613HIDIR T. (/VICPT) medium refrigerator trawler TpaxmloT, TpaxmoTyc 1. pompano (Trachinotus) (see also nomilàxo); 2. permit (T. falcatus) a3uâTerciig T. dart (T. bailloni) 6(1)11)1_116R T. palometa (T. goodei) eeHeràabucHil T. "Senegal pompano" (T. goreensis) Hllii T. "blue pompano" (T. glaucus) TpamUTorffire Trachichthyidae—a family of fishes Tpaxomee3m, Tpaxllmee3bi Trachomedusae (a Suborder of coelenterates)

TperS76, Tper6ica "three - lips" (Opsariichthys uncirostris anturensis)—a cyprinid fish TpemaT6,a trematode, fluke; (pl.) Trematoda (a Class of flatworms) TpemaTom Trematomus—a genus of notothenid fishes mepHopôTEA T. blackmouth Trematomus (T. loennbergi) 251 TpeMaTOM-roHelj

TpeMaTOM-roxeu "goad Trematomus" (T. newnesi) zpeMaTOM-necTpstK spotted Trematomus (T. bernacchi) TpenâHr trepang (Stichopus japonica)-a sea cucumber TpecKâ (adj. TpecxôsbiK) 1. (Atl.) cod (Gadus morhua); 2. (pl.) coas, Gadidae (see also Tpec614Ka) aH'rapKTfitiecxax T. marbled Notothenia, "antarctic cod" (Notothenia rossi) apxTHqecxax T. = rpeHJIâHRCxax apicrHqecxax T. aTnaHTHqecxaR T. (Gadus miorhua morhua) 6anTHHcxasx T. Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) 6e,noM6pcxa5i ()cHnâx) T. = npx6péxcxa51 T. 6eaom6pcxa5i (3HMHa5i) T. White Sea winter cod (Gadus morhua hiemalis) socT0TaxocH6HpcxaH T. toothed cod (Arctogadus borisovi) rpeHJI1H,IZexaSl apKTfItIecICaSI T. = JIeASBaSf T. rpeHJIâHACKaH cpHSpuosau T. Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) KIdJIbAf4HCKa5I T. Kildin cod (Gadus morhua kildinensis) xpâCHaR T. "Australian ling" (Physiculus bachus) ne,uôsaA T. polar cod (Arctogadus glacialis) MôHSexnaR T. "capelin cod"-a term used in the Murman region for im- mature cod that approach the coast in spring and early summer, feeding on capelin noJtRpxax T. arctic cod (13oreogadus saida) = câ%txa npH6péxcxa5i T. White Sea coastal cod (Gadus morhua maris-albi) THxooxelHCKaH T. . grey cod (Gadus macrocephalus) T. BopHCOSa = socT0UH0cH6Hpcxa5I T. TpecKÔSbie , Gadidae Tpecxoo6pâsHbie fishes of the Order or Anacanthini TpecKyHÔIC garganey (Anas querquedula)-a duck TpecôllKa 1. (Eur.) poor-cod (Trisopterus minutus = Gadus minutus); 2. (Eur.) bib, pout, whiting pout (Trisopterus luscus) 6oJIbIIIerJIA3a5I T. silvery pout (Gadiculus argenteus) xaHâ1[cxa5l T. Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) HopséKcKas T. Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarki) no.nRpnaR T. = câHxa-arctic cod THXOOKeAHCKaH T. Pacific tomeod (Microgadus proximus) T. DcMapKa = HopaéliiCKaH T. TpeTberbRKa (a fish) in its third year of life (age 2-}-) TpëxroRoaHx see s53pacT Tpëx3ÿ6bte "threeteeth", Triodontidae TpëxJléTKa, TpëMéTHax pbi6a (a fish) in its third year of life (age 2+)- see also sôspacT Tpëxxa6CTxa tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) TpëxxEOCTble, TpëxxaÔCTOnble tripletails, Lobotidae (see also .no60T)

TpHaxâHTOSble hornfishes, Triacanthidae TpHâC, TpHâCOSbiH (geol.) (period) TpHrita 1. grey gurnard (Trigla gurnardus); 2. (pl.) gurnards, Trigli- dae (see also MopcKÔH rneTÿx)

252 Tpùraa

amepmcbicreasT T. striped searobin (Prionotus evolans) xpâcHayi T. = Kpàcrne mopcm514 rierS7x maaorrëpan T. (Pac.) "shortfin gurnard" (Trigla microptera) nàiimpHasi T. 1. (E Atl.) "armoured gurnard" (Peristedion cataphractum); 2. (E Indies) "malarmat" (Peristedion orientalis) noaocà.ran T. streaked gurnard (Trigla lineata) cépan T. grey gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) T. LLITpàyxa maaonëpan T. Tpùraosme gurnards, Triglidae Tpiiraonc sculpins of the genus Trigbops T. amarrrimecrael mailed sculpin (T. nzurrayi) T. BAHa ribbed sculpin (T. beaW) T. 6oahmerabbill "bigeye sculpin" (T. scepticus) T. sembliaTbik "forked sculpin" (T. forficata) T. ,U>K6pi13ria "Jordan >s sculpin" (T. jordazzi) TpmeHockopôs triaenophorosis (infestation by the cestode Triaenophorus) Tp14,111;ICTHI4K clover somm611 T. marsh trefoil, buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) Tpmao6à.r trilobite; (pl.) Trilobita (an extinct Class of arthropods) rpmômucc softshell turtle (Trionyx .Amyda) atIpilicàFicraift T. African softshell (T. triunguis) rakrucHk T. (N Am.) smooth softshell (T. muticus) KIITà1ICKFIll T. Chinese softshell (T. chinensis) Koarbi-mil T. (N Am.) spiny softshell (T. f erox = T. spinif ems) TpHocrpéinnut arrow-grass (Triglochin) TplinaHo3om63 pm6 fish sleeping sickness or trypanosomiasis—caused by the flagellates Trypanosonza or Trypanoplasma Tp1-111T611 tripton, non-living seston, detritus TpHccom an anchovy of the tropical genus Thrissocles, especially T. setirostris Tpwreqi 1. newt (Triturus and allied genera); 2. triton (Charonia tritonis) —a large sea snail aabriAliciaul T. alpine newt (nitwits alpestris) rôpHbIft T. = ilkipenékcienii T. rpe6éi4a-rbel T. crested newt (Trituras eristatus) 3eJleHOIATIDIii T. greenish newt (Triturus virideseens) mraiinuil T. = pe6plicrbill T. HCIAHCKI-111 T. "Spanish newt" (Triturus boscae) Kumckopiediciae T. California newt (Taricha torosa) KapriàTCKPlei T. Carpathian newt (Trituras montandoni) .7-16.1KHbIR T. "false newt" (Pseudotriton) maaoa3plà.rc1emil T. banded newt (Trituras vittatus) mpâmoplibei T. marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) HHTeHOCE.Ifi T. neperforma-rou6rFel T. 06bIKHOBéHHIDIfi T. smooth newt, common newt (nitwits vulgaris) orHemio6pibxHil T. fire-bellied newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster) nepenor4a-roH6rmel T. palmate newt (Triturus helveticus) nHpenégclanI T. Pyrenean newt (Euproctes asper)

253 TpHTÔH

pe6pf4eTbIK T. ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltli) (Onychocbactylus (yccypAHcKHH) KOrTHCTbIIi T. "sharp-toed salamander" fischeri) keyserlingi 1ieTbIpëxna.nblH T. = cx6HpcKHH yrJl03y6-Hynobius TpI4xolU3HYI13HC, TpHXOAIiHÔ3 trichodiniasis-a fish disease caused by the ciliate protozoan Trichodina and related genera TpHMOCpop63 = TpHexo4)Op63-triaenophorosis = Koxb-ry6âpb-Amur Tpoerÿ6, Tpoerÿ6Ka 1. = Tperÿ6-"three-lips"; 2. barbel Tpoenëp "threefin" (Tripterygion); (pl.) Tripterygidae KâpJIHKOBbII%I T. "dwarf threefin" (Tripterygion nanus) (Forsierygion varius) HOBO3eTIâHACKHIi T. "New Zealand threefin" (Tr2pteryg2on trip- CpeZ(H3eMHOM6pCKHK T. "Mediterranean threefin" teronotus) TpoetuHn "threespine spikefish" (Triacanthus biaculealus) TpoeulHnble spikefishes, Triacanthidae TpOTIJI (adj. Tp61IJIOBbIIÎ) troll TROC cable ( see also Bâep, ypé3) ICJIHT-IeBÔI%i CTHIKHÔIi T. pursing line (used to purse a purse-seine) cTSlxcHÔA T. 1. cable attached to either end of a drag seine, and used to haul it in; 2. = KJIxueBÔi-t CTAIKHÔIi T. TpocO wild millet (Echinochloa) TpOCTHI3K reed (Phragmites communis) HCnâHCxHH T. giant reed (Arundo donax) TpOCTSIHKa oscslHAqeBast river grass, sprangle-top (Scolochloa festucacea) Tpôcpxxa trophic character, food supply (in a body of water) TpocpHqecKHH xo3c"xuHéHT trophic coefficient (ratio of food consumed to the resulting growth of an animal) TpoxIIJ.[bI Trochidae (a family of snails) Tpoxocrôpa trochophore-a larval stage of polychaetes, etc. Tpoxocpôpxbie (^KHBÔTHbie) Trochozoa (a group of animal Phyla) (Buccinum undatum and Tpy6âr-I 1. Stentor (a protozoan); 2. whelk similar snails) Tpÿ6Ka 1. (small) tube; 2. core sampler (for sediments) mesopelagic Tpy6K0H6cxa "tube-nose" (Aulostomatophora phosphorops)-a fish Tpy6K0H6cble Procellariformes, Tubinares (an Order of birds) Veliferidae Tpy6KOp6T veilfin (Metavelifer multiradiatus); (pl.) Tpy6Kopbia "pipesnout", short-bodied pipefish (Solenostomus) Tpy6KOphIJlbre "pipesnouts", false pipefishes, Solenostomidae Lepidion inosimae-a fish Tpy6otlkT 1. = uëpxblK aMÿp-black carp; 2. of the family Moridae Tpy66tIHxx sludge worm, tubificid; (pl.) Tubificidae

254 TpflrIIfHHK

Tpsinhtmint sea dragon (Phyllopteryx eques) Tpncorma wagtail (Motacilla) Tys6Axasi pÉr6a a fish that spends all its life in a river Tyryx6IC (adj. TyrSixxii) tugun—a cisco (Coregonus tugue) JléHCKIIii T. "Lena tugun" (C. t. lenensis) Ty3aSrx brine, pickle (used in salting fish) TyKalux Amazon river dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis) TS,Tiw-TSixo (S Am.) tueo-tueo (Ctenomys) B0g511-1611 T. water tuco-tuco (C. lewisi) 'rya& grey plover, black-bellied plover (Charadrius squatarola) TSIJI0B141.Lje trunk, torso (see ,17114Hà TS7J10B141.11a) Tym6bm "Indian lizardfish" (Saurida tun?,bi,l) TH = Tyriég—tuna iinuwa tundra TyHéu (gen. Tyin_là) 1. = celxml T.; 2. tuna (in general) ascrpadffiticialit T. (Aust.) southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maceoyi) alwaxTfigecicHei MàJILIII T. = 115ITHÙCTLIPI T. 6uunc6phdi T. aab6aK6p(1) 6éandi T. = aab6ax6p(1) 6o.nbuierabbIel T. bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) roay6611 T. = damik T. ,gammioxpannI or ,a,unixonëphià T. = aah6ax6p(1)—a1baeore AeaTonëpbal T. yellowfin tuna (Thennus albacares) »CeJITOXB6CTbIll T. = X(eSIT011ëpbei T. KHTUICKlifi T. "Chinese mackerel" (Scomberomorus sinensis) xpâmbril T. = cpmenëpbril T. maxpédieBbrik T. frigate mackerel (Auxis thazard) reabIti T. 1. -= T.; 2. = 110JI0CàTbIll T.; 3. = TyHég TO HOB03eaàrtmaill T. (N.Z.) New Zealand tuna (Thunnus phillipsi) 061DIKHOBéHHbei T. = CAHHil T. noaocàThill T. skipjack tuna (Euthynnus pelamis) IIHTHACTbIll T. (Atl.) little tunny (Euthynnus alleteratus) IISITHACTbIR 1Vià.711)Ifl T. = Tyriég SATO Ce1H1411 T., cpmenëpbril T. bluefin tuna, tunny (Thunnus thynnus) cxSa46pHeBbril T. frigate mackerel, bullet mackerel (Auxis tapeinosoma) T. SITITO kawakawa, Yaito tuna, wavyback skipjack (Euthynnus affinis = E. yaito) gepHonêpull T. blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlantieus) liëpxmil T. =1111-1fi T. 10)KHoarscrpaaffficmil T. = IZUKHLIfi T. reGicrupril T. 1. (Aust.) southern bluefin tuna, Indian long-tailed tuna (Kishinoella tonggol); 2. (Pac.) slender tuna (Allothunnus fallai) TyxxxàT tunicate, sea-squirt; (pl.) Tunicata, Urochordata Tyxuea6B111DIfi tuna-fishing (adj.) Tylmônbie , Thunnidae TflHK puffin (Fratereula aretica)

255 TS71114K

,VIHHOK111-15Bbel T. 1. = 1,111*nm—horned. puffin; 2. = Tyr1I1K-Hocop6r poraTmil T. T3'71114K-HOCOpÔr THX00KeàliCK1411 T. = pinaTma—horned puffin

TSiumm - Hocopôr rhinoceros auklet, horn-billed auk (Cerorhinca monocerata) TynopE;iaxa gizzard shad (genera Dorosoma, Clupanodon, etc.) JIHHH011êpaY1 T. long-finned gizzard shad, threadfin gizzard shad (Nema- talosa nasus) xopoTKonêpasi T. short-finned gizzard shad (Anodontostoma chacunda) rurriukTag T. spotted sardine (Clupanodon punctatus) Typa wrack (Fucus) umpoKoaÉcTaz T. flat wrack (F. platycarpus)

Typ6 àK (Luga R.) = roaasab — chub Typ6eamipHyi Turbellarian, free-living flatworms; (pl.) Turbellaria (a Class of flatworms, including the 4 Orders below) 6ecKI4né4ibie T. Acoela MIE51-0BeTB1ICTOKMIllégHbIe T. Polycladida npsimonmiétimpie T. Rhabdocoela TpëXBeTBÉICTOKYILLIégHbIe T. Trielaclida TSTp6o (S. Afr.) giant periwinkle (Turbo sarmaticus) mpamopnblil T. marbled Turbo (T. marmoratus)

TypicaH (E Asia) = rpeUriyanca —king eider Typnari 1. common or black scoter (Melanitta nigra); 2. any scoter (see also cmHbrà); 3. (E Asia) = rpe6éHyunta—king eider; 4, = orapb-- ruddy sheldrake rop6oHôcbdt T. white-winged scoter (M. deglandi) OtIKÔBbIel T. = necrponôcbdi T. necrpoH6chnI T. surf scoter (M. perspicillata) liépribill T. 1. velvet scoter (M. fusca); 2. common scoter Typnantim = Tyneut—puffin TypTa. (Kazakh) = apaabcKag naoTna—Aral roach Typyrram ruff, reeve (Philomachus pugnax)—a shore bird Typqa 6oerniag f eatherf oil (Hottonia palustris) TSuna or TSrunta 1. carcass; 2, body, trunk (of a fish), i.e., excluding the head and fins (see also znnià TSTLIIICH); 3. any bulky organic object Tbniffinta. (bot.) stamen. mcà6epHasi T. gill raker Tio,ném. 1. harbour seal (Phoca vitulina); 2. = 6e3Srxmil T.; 3. seal (in general)—see also Hépna 6e3S,rxel T. earless seal, true seal; (pl.) Phocidae 6e.no6pibxmil T. monk seal (Monachus monachus) rpeunan,acKnil T. harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) ,WIFIHHOldipAbIll T. grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) icacnellIcieHil T. Caspian seal (Phoca easpica) KoabliaTag T. ringed seal (Phoca hispida) Hacroàuwei T. = 6e3S7XIIri T. oc-rpoeHUI T. Kuril seal (Phoca stejnegeri)

256 TK)TI2H b

noJtoCâTbIK T. ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata) CeaJII-iCTbIIi T. = rpeHJIAHACKHIi T. CépbIIi T . = ,Z[JII3HHOM6p,IjbIIi T . T . Pôcca Ross's seal (OmnaatopTzoca rossi ) T. Y5AAeji5i Weddell's seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) YLUACTbIH T., YIUATbIH T . eared seal, sea-lion ; (pl.) Otariidae TIOJIéxb-xpa6oéA = Kpa6oé,z<-crabeater seal

TK)JIéHb-KpbIJIdTKa = KpbIJI1TKa-rlbbori seal TK)JIéHb-MOH3X monk seal (Monachus na,onaclz2cs) raBâHCxHH T . Hawaiian seal (M . scTzmuinslancli) TporIA,IecxHH T . Caribbean seal (M . tropicalis ) TiÔJIbKa (adj . TIÔJIeuHbIIi) 1 . "tyulka", "Azov kilka" (Clupeonella delicatula delicatula) ; 2 . "Kuehurgan tyulka" (C . delicatula cultriventris) ; 3. (Crimea) = cpeAH3eMHOM6pcKHH IunpoT (see also cap,u&Ixa, cejiëAoIIxa) aH1IOYCOBIIAHaH T. = aHqOYCOBIIj[HaH KI%IJIbKa 60JIbIilerJI13a5I T . = 60JIbIIIerJI23afi KIIJIbK a KaCnAHCKax T . "common Caspian kilka" (C. delicatetla caspia) ,IepHOM6pCK-a36BCKaH T. = TiüJlbKa(l ) TI0JIbII3H (Leningrad) = 11ëpxbIH TypnâH-velvet scote r TIOp66 1. (NE Atl .) turbot (Rhombus maximus) ; 2. (E Atl.) tropical turbot (Psettodes ermnei, P . belcheri ) TSIrOBbIIi (HésoA) drag seine

257 Y y6afirm ubangi (Gnathonemus petersi)—a mormyrid fish ysàdi drift (of a boat) ylESLIMBaTbC51, ysaaerrbesi to drift yrâil nocr6tnia5I Kpacrionëpica—"eastern redfin" Kpyrniotiemibibiri y. big-scaled redfin (Leuciscus nakonensis meaxotieuexuil y. = BOCTôtIHa51 xpacHonëplea ynuonân (xocrb) angular (bone) yri1O3y5 a kind of salamander; (pl.) Hynobiidae cH6Apcxmil y. "Siberian angle-tooth" (Hymbius keyserlingi) yray6Érreab depresser (used to hold a line down in fishing) ynieTêmibril stunted (literally, depressed) Siroabriaz pÉi6a (Pac.) sablefish, blackcod (Anoplopoma fimbria); (pl.) sablefishes, Anoplopomatidae, Anoplopomidae 3'iropb (pl. yrpil; adj. yrpësbill) 1. (Eur.) eel (Anguilla anguilla); 2.

(pl.) eels (in general); 3. (incorrectly) = 3meeroaôn —snakehead; (see also K6nrep, mypéna) aBcrpazAilocmil y. Australian eel (Anguilla australis) amepmânc1a411 y. American eel (Anguilla rostrata) 6e,1106plimel ‘1115)1CHbIll y. = plicosbel y. 6eFiràabcine Y. Bengal eel (Anguilla bengalensis) ray6oKonc5,anmil y. "deepwater eel" (1 istobranchus—family Synaphobran- chidae) ro.noxBôcrhie yrpi;1 snake eels, Ophichthyidae roaoxim5cTbill 6o.iimuern;mbtii y. sand snake, offshore snake (Ophisurus macrorhynchtts) zumixopelbei y. "longsnout eel" (Olystomus serpens) eBporiéeicitmil y. = petuiôil y. 3meeno,e6nbie yrpA = roaoxnôcrbie y. larralIcKifil (petnaM) y. "Chinese eel' . (Anguilla sinensis) Kyakutop&rm'É y. slender snipe eel (Nemichthys scolopaceus); (pl.) Nem- ichthyidae mo3am6eaccmi1 y; eel (Anguilla mossambica) mopcxôil y. conger (eel) (Conger conger); (pl.) Congridae Hwrexec-rbifi y. slender snipe eel (Nemichthys scolopaceus); (pl.) Nemichthyidae HMTKOB1,11,HbIe yrpn snipe eels, Nemichthyidae o6e3b5limfi y. "monkey eel" (Simenchelys parasiticus) o,rwaatà6epnbnI y. (Aust.) "one-gilled eel" (Alabes)

0,MOOTBépeTHbIfi y. "one - slit eel" (Synaphobranchus kattpii) OCTp03S76bei y. pike conger (Muraenesox ferox, M. cinereus); (pl.) Muraenesocidae oc-rpoxs6cTurt y. snake eel, "sharp-tailed eel" (Pisodonophis, Ophichthys, Myrichthys, etc.); (pl.) Ophichthyidae napa3wrimecialil y. = Tynop1;u-full y. nwiocounimitonme yrpm saw-vomer eels, Serrivomeridae 258 3"froph

mopcx6P7 y. Japanese conger (Astroconger myriaster) peLmôrl y. (Eur.) (freshwater) eel (Anguilla anguilla); (pl.) Anguillidae plicosuri y. rice eel (Monopterus albus = Flute alba) cepe6pAcTuil mopciffl y. silver conger (.Anago anago) cépmel myxopilmAl y. = OCTp033i6bIil y. cTemAI1L7b771 y. "glass eel"—a migratory stage of _Anguilla anguilla Tynopgune y. "snubnose eel" (Simenchelys clofleini); (pl.) Simenchelyidae yrKoH6chie yrpir duck-billed eels, witch eels, sorcerers, Nettastomiclae 1-repnemi,Lwhie yrpft "worm eels", Echelidae ëpHMi mopcx6e7 y. black conger (Conger cinereus) mykopgmbul y. oc-rpo3y6bul y.; (pl.) pike congers (1VIuraenesoeidae) 3aelerpffileciem1 y. electric eel (Electrophorus electricus); (pl.) Electro- phoridae Lemmbdi mopcx6A y. "southern conger" (Conger orbignyanus) 5111(»ICKIIII mopcxôiI y. beach conger (Conger japonicus) H1161-1CK1111 (petup5A) y. Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) R116HCKFIrl nlymopanbig y. Japanese pike conger, sharp-toothed eel (Mu- raenesox einereus)

3'iropb - LIATita snipe eel, thread eel (Nemiehthys scolopaceus) yroph - mân gulper eel (Gastrostolints) yrpe67)mxonbre ribbon gobies, eel gobies, Taenioididae yrpe6hmenc "eel goby" (Trypauchen) mmoro.716737)711 y. "small-headed eel goby" (T. microcephalus) yrpenA/mme eels of the Suborder Anguilloidei yrpëBbie freshwater eels, Anguillidae yrpeo6pbume eels—Anguilliformes or Apodes yrpeTpecK6ame eelcods, Congrogadidae, Muraenolepidae yrpii see SropE, yeB boa (Boa) màBica timber hitch (a knot) yfiséAbrimil sec 1. (percentage) occurrence, representation, share; 2. im- portance; 3. (phys.) specific gravity y/LA.7mue fishing rod, fishing pole yembiRfac 1. angler, fisherman; 2. (Eur.) anglerfish (Lapidus piscatorius); 3. (Am.) goosefish (L. americanus); 4. (pl.) goosefishes, Lophiidae 6o.un7671 y. big anglerfish (Lophius) qëpfibill y. black anglerfish (Cryptosparus) mA.LIBLAPAc - ,ELo.rionnrr "horned anglerfish" (Dolopichthys cornutus) nay/LATb to angle, to fish (with a rod) yi:v5g hoopoe (Upupa epops) morLe.71.7M/Lbi Uclonelloidea (a group of flatworms) y,af.rrita roJeu,—stone loach Y/Loima 1 , fishing rod; 2. fishing outfit (rod, line, sinker, hook, bait, etc.) yêic =

259 pit a snake of the genus Natrix Bogsmôil ymc 1. (Eur.) water snake (N. tesselata); 2. (N Am.) common water snake (N. sipedon) y)K (Med.) "water adder" (N. maura) o6bwrioBémibill yxt (Eur.) common snake (N. natrix) Turpôsbul ync (E Asia) tiger snake (N. tigrina) SIM5HCKI411 y)K "Japanese water snake" (N. vibakori) ymcicibi6cvms (S Asia) "angler snake" (Natrix piscator) yxtélibe angling pickle rope used to haul in a seine ys,Rétuca 1. bridle (for a horse); 2. bridle, brace line (for a seine or trawl) y3é4mm CTYDICHgIX Koaéu purse-ring bridles (of a purse seine) ST3ea 1. knot, bend, hitch (see also ye,à3Ka); 2. knot (1 nautical mile per hour) 6ecé,aouribei y. bowline 66uetmmil y. barrel knot BÉMeHOLIHbIrl y. clove hitch pAcponmei y. square knot, reef knot 1.111CÔTOBbIR y. sheet bend, weaver's knot y3xopoT "narrow-mouthed toad" (Breviceps adspersus) Sisicocrb narrows (in a channel or river) yeK (Pac.) capelin (Mallotus villosus socialis). See also mcnInà ymén (E Asia) "lookup" (Culter alburnus) yméfixa, ymeei bleak (.Alburnus alburnus) aaasàficKasi y. "Alazan bleak" (A. macropterus) 3aKaurchcRasi y. "Azerbaijan bleak" (A. charusini hohenackeri) itypùucxasi y. "Kura bleak" (A. filippi) nepcemcKayi y. "Persian bleak" (A. charusini hohenackeri--persicus) césepoKambexa51 y. "Caspian bleak" (A. cha,rusini) yKahlica - eaéu dace-minnow (Leucalburnus) xypenicican y. Kura dace-minnow (L. satunini) yrunbiama rowlock (on a boat) yxopouérlue xcà6epusx Kpgimex short gill-covers (a common condition of hatchery fish) yaàmunaemocrb eatchability

icoackuusériT y -TH catchability coefficient, catchability (fraction of a stock caught by the action of 1 unit of fishing effort) yal;rr certain medium-sized shore birds of the genus Tringa (see also Kydix) asmhcicuil néneabrupie y. Polynesian tattler (T. brevipes) amepuxàFicKuii néneabrimil y. wandering tattler (T. incana) 6o.nbui6ii y. greenshank (T. nebularia) OXÔTCKle y. Sakhalin sandpiper, Armstrong's sandpiper (T. guttifer) nepen6114aTOITLILI y.= OXI5TCKIel y.

yaerr - nopygéenium _= nopytiélimic—marsh sandpiper yzATIca 1. snail, gastropod; (pl.) Gastropoda; 2. cochlea (part of the inner ear); 3. helix

260 yâfrrica

6eperoaàn y. periwinkle (Littorina) roac»Kà6epHa5! y. sea slug, nudibranch; (pl.) Nudibranchiata ,apeHoe,RHan y. "bushy-backed slug" (Dendronotus frondosus) >xà6epHa1 y. gilled snail; (pl.) members of the gastropod Order Proso- branchiata, plus some Opisthobranchiata Hr6abHan y. "needle snail"; (pl.) Cerithiidae KrueHI5rnfi y. "keel-foot snail"; (pl.) Heteropoda aërotixan y. pulmonate snail, lunged snail; (pl.) (see npy- ,nomix) meunconabitman y. "sac-tongued snail"; (pl.) Sacoglossa

mopcidsr y. 1. = 6eperosà1 y.; 2. any sea -snail nym5Imag y. moon shell (Natica) rrypriSipHan y. purple shell (Murex) pytibeHàfi y. Bythinella adsharica yaima - 6e),netuco = .mb,netwo (2) —limpet yai'mca - 6oti6Hoic "cask snail" (Dolium perdix) y.erKa - sépnia Nassa reticulata,--a snail that damages fish-nets in the pifinca-36HTHK "umbrella snail" (Umbrella mediterranea) 3rairrKa-Ty4éabica slipper limpet (Crepiclula fornicate) ydrein catch, take (see also ypweel, upoemma(2), xpHaàfi) HOCTOfinHhal y. = yeTelfitimbril y. ripombicesbie ya6BIDI commercial catches, landings y. Ha e,rumfaly npombiceaoro ycilalln, y. Ha ycemme catch per unit of (fishing) effort, catch per effort ycr6illimbdi y. sustainable yield, sustained yield, equilibrium yield 3m6BHcrocTb, a6comerrHan yeBacrocTb fishing efficiency—the ratio of the number of fish caught. to the number present in the area fished sepTmxàabHan 3r• "vertical" fishing efficiency—the ratio of the number of fish caught by a trawl to the number in the total water column above its path K031:111311HéHT y-cTH = yJI6BlieTOCTb y.nyHb 6é.na51 cosà—snowy owl yabKa bigmouth sculpin (Hemitripterus bolini _= Ulca bolini) 3rm6pa "European mudminnow" (Umbra krameri) amepHicàricican y. mudminnow (U. limi or U. pygmaea) ym6pinia 1. = y. 06bIKHOBeHHHH; 2. = BOJIHACTIDIg rOp6allb—Atlantic croaker; 3. = aprewdificKaH y.; 4. (pl.) drums, croakers, Sciaenidae-

see also rOp61;IJIb, KaHHTâH , poxxa,aop aprewrùxcicaH y. "Argentine drum" (Umbrina canosai) KaHàpcKaH y. (E Atl.) "Canary drum" (Umbrina canariensis) eBéTJIBB y. =. 06bIKHOBéIMBH 37. y. 06bIKHOBéHHail (NE Atl.) corb (Umbrina eirrhosa) ymépeHHbik moderate, medium He6o.nbui6ii Hall y. light or moderate YHI/IMPX UNIIRK11--YKpaùxciadi HaSrlixo-Hccae,goBâTenbcxmil HHCTHTS,T pÉi6Horo X03eICTBB (KHeB)

261 ylIATaHHOCTb yrniTarnioc-rb "condition" (a measure of the fatness and fullness of a fish) KoscimuméllT yrffurannocrn coefficient of condition, condition factor amome-rptiecItni1 x. y. allometric condition factor: the weight of a fish, divided by Lb, where L is length and b is the exponent in the weight- length relationship w = aLb H3omeTpùqem1 K. y. isometric condition factor = K. y. HO (DyabT0Hy K. y. HO Kepxy Clark's condition factor: weight of body less entrails, divided by the cube of length. (I presume head and gills are left in.) K. y. no H6cxony Noskov's condition factor: the ratio of a fish's weight to the long-term mean weight of fish of the same length; usually expressed as a percentage. (This is almost the same thing as the allometric con- dition factor.) K. y. no claSiabTony [symbol = IC] Fulton's condition factor: whole weight of body, divided by length cubed. (The units used by Semko (1939) are weight in grams, fork length in centimeters, the whole multiplied by 100; so that coefficients for ordinary fish are of the order of unity.) ynop&iTolleHHbnl 1. ordered, in order; 2. regulated ypamléHHH equation, expression creneHH6e y. exponential equation y. perpéccHn regression equation ypàHHHBaTb, ypaBlISITb 1. (math.) to equate; 2. to smooth, to level; 3. to equalize; 4. to govern, control, operate ypé3 cable, warp (for towing a net) (see also Hepénka, Tpoc) 6excHôil y. (a cable used in a purse seine) MITH1511 y. (a cable used in a purse seine) Sip0BeHb level -rpoctiAtiecitnil y. (position in a food chain) Y. 3amenléHH51, y. B0CCTaH0BJ1éHHil replacement level (of a fish stock) y. m6pH sea-level yp(ucTso (congenital) malformation, birthmark ypoAàn crop, yield (see also ya6H, npo„ILSilamH(2) ypoAàËHbill productive, abundant y-Hoe HOKOJIÉHHe abundant brood, strong year-class ypOCTAJlb UTOStyle ypSrme, ypSime HBacA, ypSims = ceabAb-Kpyrao6pfonnœ—round herring ypS/Tb water milf oil (Myriophyllum) Y. KoaocAcTaa spiked milf oil (M. spicatum) y. myromaTasi "slender milfoil" (M. verticillatum) yc 1. whisker; 2. antenna (of insects) KHT613bià yc baleen, whalebone ycàz,Ka shrinkage ycàq 1. barbel (Barbus barbus); 2. (Ili R.) = WITHHCTbdi ry6àq- Nemachilus slrauchi; 3. longhorn beetle, (pl.) Cerambycidae apilabcmHh' y. Aral barbel (B. brachycephalus) 6a1IxàHcicHil y. Balkan barbel (B. meridionalis petenyi) réd

262 ycàiq

en,arec-rkicrarri y. TépcxHil Y. ,menp6Hcialii y. "Dnepr barbel" (B. barbus borysthevicus) 30.110Tedl y. (Amu-dar) = TypitecràHcieml T. )1{ëJITIDI1 y. (Amu-dar) = TypreecràHcmil y. KacnAlleRmii y. "Caspian barbel" (B. brachycephalus caspius) KOJIXÙ1ICKI4P y. "Colchian barbel" (B. tauricus escherichi) Kp1;n4cKei y. "Crimean barbel" (B. tauricus) Kynricicei 3r. "Kuban barbel" (B. tauricus kubanicus) KypùHcmHil y. "Kura barbel" (B. lacerta cyri) ceHàHcmHii y. "Sevan barbel" (B. goktschaicus) TépcItHil y. "Tera barbel" (B. ciscaucasicus) Typitecrâticiadi y. "Turkestan barbel" (B. capito conocephalus) y. 63rAàT-maH "Chanari barbel" (B. capito) yeâti-mHp6H barbel (Barbus barbus) ycàli-Top = maxcHp—mahseer ycàtl-gariàpH, ycàq 63r.d.T-màm "Chanari barbel" (Barbus capito) ycHoéHHe assimilation (absorption of food by the body after digestion) yeetiëHHIDHI truncate, sawed-off 3revix 1. antenna, palp (of an ); 2. barbel (of a fish) Hoeopô,gotnibuI y. chin barbel yciume 1. effort; 2. strength npombic,n6Hoe y. (commercial) fishing effort cpéiwee y. Ha e,RHHAgy rimhua,rm effective overall fishing intensity y. Ha e,r04Hùuy risnenga,RH fishing intensity (per unit area) yeicrq (Altai region) = ,neHene—lenok yul6HHe 1. condition, specification; 2. proviso, condition y-HHH epee', oxpprcàionme y-HHH environmental (or ambient) conditions ycx6HH0 1. conditionally; 2. temporarily, for purpose of orientation; 3. arbitrarily; 4. approximately ycemibuI 1. conditioned; 2. conditional; 3. (something) granted for the sake of argument; 4. (a definition or proposition) used in the manner suggested by another person, but without necessarily approving this usage y-Han eemeina arbitrary unit y. floKa3âTeas conditional index, conditional statistic (giving the nu- merical magnitude of a phenomenon provided certain conditions are met) y. pecimélec conditioned reflex y - Han ilùcPpa trial value (in solving equations) ycoH6rliii (pax) barnacle; (pl.) Cirripedia (an Order of custaceans) ycT6fitalsocrb 1. tolerance (according to Fry's definition, an animal's physiological capacity to adapt to unfavourable environmental conditions well enough to withstand them indefinitely; see also conpoTHanùemocrb); 2. endurance yc'remIHHHhill stable, steady SrcrpHua oyster; (pl.) Ostreidae HHprÉuicKaH y. Virginia oyster (Crassostrea virginica) rmrâxTexan y. Pacific oyster, giant oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

263 ÿ cTpxua

rpx,uoaax y. "Black Sea oyster" (Ostrea edulis taurica) KaaHC^opHKHCxasl y. Olympia oyster (0strea lurida) JtHCToBâTax y. "leaf oyster" (Ostrea denselamellosa) o6blKHOSéaxa5i y. (Eur.) flat oyster (0strea edulis) nopTyrâjtbcxax y. Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) stnôHCxax y. Japanese oyster (Crassostrea nipponia) ÿcTpH14HHK oyster bed, oyster reef ÿcTbe mouth (of a river), estuary ycTbeBÔH, ÿcTbesbIH estuarine yCbIHOK funnel (of a fyke net) yTéBHIiK water smartweed (Polygonum amphibium) ^rxa duck 6eaoro.nôaaH y. = câsxa(1)-white-headed duck 6o,abviâ5i cépasl y. = rpe6eHÿlllxa-king eider 6oM6éiicxa5l y. = 6oM6KJIb-Bombay duck (a fish) 6yrp6nax y. = nerâHxa-sheldrake AHxasl y. = KpflKaa-mallard Kpâcxasl y. ruddy sheldrake (Casarca ferruginea) xpfllcosax y. mallard (Anas platyrhyncha) MaTëpasl y. = xpslKSa-mallard cépasu Y. gadtivall (Anas strepera) CxxeHÔCasI y. = câaxa(l)-white-headed duck cpéAHxsi cépax y. = oTIKOSasI rara-spectacled eider r-IëpnaR no,nocâTasi y. harlequin duck (Ilistrio nicus histrionicus) qëpxast y. 1. = THxooxeâHcxasl CHHbrâ- American black scoter; 2. _ TIëpxblK TypnâH-velvet scoter uiHJloxBÔcTax y. = IHxJIOxsôcT-pintail ^rxa-.nâHKa some kind of duck found on the Caspian Sea in winter (aâfta = kid) ^rxa-cocÿH = u.IHpoxoHScxa-shoveller ÿTKa-IllxpoxoHÔCxa = IuxpoxoHSexa-shoveller yTKOHÔC platypus (Ornithorhynchus paradoxus) ÿTOtIKa diminutive of ^rxa (see also r[pxcôcxa) atcynoroaIOSax y. "sharkhead clingfish" (Eclcloniaichthys scylliorhiniceps) rHrâHTCKasI y. "giant clingfish" (Chorisochismus dentex) extenasl y. "urehinfish" (Diademichthys lineatics) Kopo-rxonëpasl y. two-spotted clingfish (Diplecogaster bimaculatus) ToJICTOpbinax y. Connemarra clingfish (Lepadogaster candollei) MopcKâsl Y. 1. goose barnacle (Lepas); 2. clingfish, (pl.) Gobiesocidae and qepnolvlôpcxasl y. Black Sea clingfish (species of Lepadogaster Diplecogaster) yxâ fish soup cTepJISI)KbsI Y. sterlet soup ÿxo (pl. ÿlutH) 1. ear; 2. (pl.) short ropes by which the top and bottom lines of a seine are attached to the hauling rope Mopcxôe ÿxo (or yluKO) abalone, ormer, Venus's ear (1laliotis) yxôA 1. escapement (past the fishing area); 2. departure

264 yriàCTOK yqàcTox part, region, sector ygSrr (adj. ygSrAribifi) "a type of fish net fixed with poles" SrLux pl. of Six° yunco diminutive of Srxo mopcicôe y. abalone (Haliotis)

265 4) cparOuHTâpxblH phagocytic cpâ3a 1. phase; 2. manner, way, direction B OIIHÔH #3e in the same way, in a single direction pheasant (a group of ornamental African #3âH 1. pheasant (bird); 2. cyprinodonts) "blue pheasant" (Aphyosemion coeruleum) rojiy66f4 tp. = Aphyosemion 3OJnOTôïl cb. "golden pheasant" (Rolof fia occidentalis sjoestedti) c^a31HtIIxK BoRRIIÔIi = 4Ja3aHOxBÔCTaSi HKaHa-water pheasant (haK-rôpHx trading post, factory d)âjiexb, tpâalHHb painter (rope tied to the bow of a small boat) cpaJlblurpyHApôll false groundline or groundrope (placed in front of the usual groundline, to cut down "soft" corals) cpaJIblurloA66pa false corkline (used in front of the regular corkline, on some trawls) cpaxéxa = Tpec6qKa(2)-bib cpaon,liaHK'rôll phaeoplankton, surface plankton cDapBâTep channel (usually for navigation) cpaT = xcépex-asp cpâyxa fauna ASHHasI cp. bottom fauna, zoobenthos 2. (pl.) = cxaJlo3y6bl; cpaxâK 1. (Afr.) fahak (Tetraodon fahaka); 3. (pl.) = 1r,By3y6osble cDâuHx life zone, facies c^a3T6H tropic-bird (Phaeton) 6ejtOxB6CTbIH cp. yellow-billed tropic-bird (P. lepturus) KpacxoKJllbBblH cp. red-billed tropic-bird (P. aethereus) KpaCHOXBÔCTbIÎI c^. red-tailed tropic-bird (P. rubricauda) cbellodIorfNecKHH phenological cr. roA phenological year, calendar year cpeHÔMeH J1x Rosa Lee's phenomenon cpepl^HKa (Odessa) = TiepxoMÔpexast aTepKHKa-Black Sea atherine 4.iHâ,aKa violet (Viola) p916a->KewiÿxtHHua) criKepaccpéposbie pearlfishes, Fierasferidae (see also cPK3a Physa-a genus of pond snails c^H3âJtHR Portuguese man-o-war (Physalia physalis) 4)H3HKy,nyc "Japanese searchlightfish" (Physiculus japonicus) cpHné fillet

266 1:1)ÉIJI MH

(luidmx eagle owl (Bubo bubo) pgr6Hma 4) • 1. = pE;I6Hag COBà—brown fish owl; 2. eastern fishing owl (Ketupa blakistoni) 4: m7Ino36ma phyllosoma—a larval stage of certain crustaceans cimdiôcock 1. philosopher; 2. = dio6àcrhiil 3y6ân—steep-faced dogtooth 4m-momeTp63 philometrosis—a fish disease caused by the nematode Philo- metra (1)HabTerop filter-feeder, filterer clumnpraommcôc filariomyxosis—a fungus disease of the gills in pike cDFllisàdi finback whale, fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) cpiumic date 1-CâMeHHbIrl CP. = mopm5i1 4. mopcOil cl). date mussel, date-shell (Lithofagus or Lithophaga, Botula) clAwra (Eur.) twaite shad (.Alosa fall« = A. finta) acppilKàficKaR 4). "African shad" (A. africana) Himàx,r_Lcican o3êptiast cl). "Killarney shad" (A. fall« killarnensis) o3ëpriasi HTIT1b51HCKaY1 (P. "Italian lake shad" (A. fallax lacustris) epe,am3emHom6pcicasi 4). "Mediterranean shad" (A. fallax nilotica) (PHT06éFrroc phytobenthos, submersed plants C1)14T011J1aHlal5H , plant plankton q)144uiLuma wood sandpiper (Tringa glareola) ckaare.ffilâTbi Flagellata, Mastigophora (a Class of protozoans) cl)diameniro (Eurasian) flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) clmell-ropgra trumpetfish (A.ulostomus niaculatus); (pl.) Aulostomidae (also clmeATopanme) cl). "Chinese trumpetfish" (Aulostomus chinensis) cpmpm,aica flagfish (Jordanella floriclae)

cbaSTH,apa petniàyx Kàm6aaa —flounder cl)ayopecuérium fluorescent disease (a fish disease caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens) 4mroBllaao3a "Australian freshwater gizzard shad" (Fluvialosa) cl)arbrep mid-water gill-net (plum = plicosbuI Siropb 4)o3aaoH phozalon—a pesticide 4)6mica = nomôpFu4K—skua, jaeger (l)ox (adj. 4)6tmsbrel) background cl)cutaperab "lanterneye"; (pl.) Anomalopidae 6antu6i1 (P. "big lanterneye" (Anomalops katoptron) Mâdlbrti (1). "little lanterneye" (Photoblepharon palpebratus) Hmâil cxHil (1). "Jamaica lanterneye" (Kryptophaneron alfredi) 4)omperaa3oBbie lanterneyes, Anomalopidae

267 cpoHâpb cpoHâpb lantern apxcTSTe,nes cn. Aristotle's lantern-the mouth skeleton of sea urchins cb oxosôH native, endemic, autochthonou s (~oHTâH (of whales) blow, spout, spouting Ct)oHTHHâJIHC water moss (Pontinalis ) (~opaMHHHCbepbl Foraminifera (an Order of protozoans ) dpopeJleoKyHb 1 . = 60JIbHIep6TbIÎI HepHbIVI ÔKyHb-largemouth bass ; 2. trout-perch (Pcrcopsis omiscomaycus ) cpopéaIb 1 . trout (in general) ; 2. (incorrectly) Dolly Varden char (Sal- velinus malma ) aMy,uapbl3HCxa5l c~ . Amu-dar trout (Salmo trutta oxianus) roIIKHHcxast cp . Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan) HHRHHCxax 4) . = 6apiul3si-6oiia-Indian trout, a cyprinid fish MopcKâx cp . (Eur.) sea trout (anadromous Salmo trutta) 03ëplla5i cp . (Eur.) lake trout (Salmo trutta lacustris) pâliyxcxasl *. rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) pyqbesâsl cp . 1. (Eur.) brook trout (Salmo trutta-fario) ; 2. (Am.) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis ) cesâHcxasi t~. Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan ) Salmo cTa,nbaoro .nôsasl cp. steelhead (trout)-anadromous form of gairdneri cTpyMKÔSa cp. (Ukr.) = pyubesâx 4). 93eHAMCxa5i c}~ . (Dagestan) Lake Eizenam trout (Salmo trutta ezenami) cpopMHeBble Parastromateida e c~ optvlHO "black formio" (Parastromateus niger ) ; 2. c~opMxpoBâHHe 1 . formation, forming, putting together, assembling composition cp. CTâaa pb16 composition of a fish stock (e .g. the relative numbers of new recruits and fish previously vulnerable, or the numbers of fish of different ages ) cpopoHHua phoronid ; (pl.) Phoronida (a small Phylum of worms) cpopTÿHO, (~opTÿHa "Peruvian yellowtail" (Seriola mazatlana) c~perâT 1 . frigate; 2. frigate-bird (Fregata) ; 3. Portuguese man-o-war (Physalia ) 6oJIbul6K cp. Pacific frigate bird (Fregata minor) c~pé3ep shedder, cutte r cbpxraHHAa phryganeid ; (pl.) caddis flies of the family Phryganeidae (~ÿry Fugu-a genus of puffers (see co6âuKa-pb16a ) q)ÿH,z[y,llyc 1 . mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) ; 2. topminnow, -various species of Fundulus . Cp~HKII,I3H 1 . function, role ; 2. (math.) function ; 3. (re behaviour) re- action (~ypyxxyJIë3 furunculosis (a bacterial disease of salmonid fishes) q)yTIIITÔK 1 . gauge ; 2. tide-gaug e tpbop A fjord, fiord-a long narrow bay

268 X xUapipi (Buryat) = cHr-xàeaphr—khadary whitefish xeheo (Kamchatka) = .71éTfInFI ReTà—summer chum salmon xâtipy3, xàilplo3 xàpilyc—grayling xaKa Chaca—an Indian catfish xaKoshre Chacidae—a family of catfishes xamIcraTir-lecRHei halistatic xamd. (Black Sea region) anchovy a36BcKail x. Azov anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus nzaeoticus)

itoarbgasi x. gepHomôpcican aTepliFia — Black Sea silversides gepHom6pcxasi X. Black Sea anchovy (Engrau/is encrasicholus pontions) xameoewronme Champsodontidae—a family of fishes xarf- 6aaE;TK = cBéTabril rop6Érab(1) —maigre xàHoc 1. milkfish, bango, bandeng (Chanos chanos); 2. (Eur.) comber, cabrilla (Serranus cabrilla) xâno conme milkfishes, Chanidae xanaaorém4c Hapalogenys—a genus of grunts (see nopil3hi) xàpa Chara, stonewort (an alga) xapapHnhA characin; (pl.) Characidae xapauùrmame 1. characins and allies—fishes of the Suborder Characinoidei (or lleterognathi); 2. characins (Characidae) xapériryna "little herring" (Harengula clupeola, etc.) xapaTemi 1. (Kolyma region) = BOCTOIMOCH6lipCICHR xàpmyc; 2. (Anadyr) = xamtihsciemel xàpxyc xàpxyc, xàpHy3 1. any gTayling (genus Thymallus); 2. (European) gray- ling (Thymallus thymallus) a3mà-rcicHil x. arctic grayling (T. arcticus) amepPxància4R X. Montana grayling (T. arcticus montanus) amSrpcicifil x. "Amur grayling" (T. arcticus grub ci) 6ailxàabcKkill X. "Baikal gTayling" (T. arcticus baicalensis)—divided into X. ("white grayling") which are lake spawners, and liëpribill X. ("black grayling") which are river spawners socrotinoceùpciaul x. "East Siberian grayling" (T. arcticus pallasi) alponéticiemk x. European grayling (T. thymallus) icamgerrucei X. "Kamchatka grayling" (T. arcticus grubei—mertensi) Kocor6abclue x. "Kosogol grayling" (T. nigrescens) moxrembem41 x. "Mongolian grayling" (T. brevirostris) 061DIKHOBéHHbal X. = eBp011érICKFIR x.

npnBàJibin,n1 X. 6éabiti 6aencànbcxuel X.

petinôti x. (Baikal reg-ion) = 4ëpHbl 6a1-1Kàabentil X. ca6irpcianl X. = a311à.TCRIA X. xy6cyrSrabcKmI X. KOCON5J1beIGIfi X.

269 xâpHycoBbie xâpHycosble graylings-family Thymallidae x^poabie Charophyta xapxânb (Caspian) = nerâHKa-sheldrake xâpblo3 = xâpHyc-grayling xaTbIC = cTepJIS11ieBAZ[HbIIi ocëTp-"little Siberian sturgeon" xayaHÔz[ viperfish (CTzauliocllts sloani) xayJlHÔUOSble viperfishes, Chaulioclonticlae xayHâKOBbte Chaunaciclae-a family of anglerfishes xayxaxc "painted anglerfish" (Chaunax pictus) Xayc = KaMbILIIÔBbI%i KOT-marsh cat xaxajiuâ (Kamchatka) = KômOIIIKa-threespine stickleback xaluâM "Caspian asp" (Aspius aspius taeniatus) xsaT = xcépex-asp XBOCT (adj. xaocTOBb%i) tail, caudum BI;IeMtIaTblR X. forked tail, emarginate tail reTepOl.[epKMbabl%I X. heterocercal tail roMOI[epKlJIbxblli X. homocereal tail RHCpKuepKâJIbxbIH X. diphycercal tail HepaBHoJIÔnaCTI-IbIÎ^I X. heterocercal tail pasxojIÔnacTHbl%I X. homocercal tail xBÔCTHHK mare's-tail (Hippuris vulyaris) xaocTOKÔjt 1. stingray, whip ray, stingaree; (pl.) Dasyatidae or Urolophidae aMepHKâHCKHH X. Southern stingray (Dasyatis americana) rHrâIITCKHK X. (E Asia) "giant stingray" (Urolophoides giganteus) KKTâHCKHK X. "Chinese stingray" (Dasyatis sinensis) = MâJIbIÎ^1 X. KpâCHbIŸI X. (Dasyatis MâJIbIH X. (E Asia) red stingray, Japanese stingray, whip ray akajei) (pl.) Potamo- pe'lHÔK x. "river stingray" (Potam,otrygon moioro); trygonidae x. Mauy6âpbl "Matsubara stingray" (Urolophoides malsubari) 2. stingray, I1MHoaq)pHKâHCKHH X. 1. stingray (Dasyatis uarvark); chuco (D. pastinacus) HRÔHCKIiI%I X. (Jap.) blue-spotted stingray (D. Icuhlii) XBOCTLIdTble (3eMHOB6j[Hble) tailed amphibians, Caudata = XBÔCTHHK xBOU( 1. horsetail, scouring rush (Equisetum); 2. npHpé1IHbIH X. brook horsetail, pipes (E. fluviatile) TOI=6ŸI X. = nplipetlHbIii X.

xeK = XBK-hake xeJlHuépOBbIH cheliceran; (pl.) Chelicerata (a Class of arthropods-includes spiders, mites, etc.) and other xeMy,nHR, xeMyJIÔH (see also pôt-IKo) (Am.) grunt (Hccenzulon Pomadasyidae) xcë,aTOHOdtôcbiH x. (W Atl.) French grunt (II. flavolineatum) O6bIKHOB2HHbIIi X. (W Atl.) white grunt (H. pluntiieri)

270 xeHlo

xeHlo (Pyasina region) "Ayakla whitefish" (Coregonus pidschian ajakliensis) xH,^3MoAOBble Chiasmodontidae-a family of fishes (see )tHBOrJIO-r) xH60rHâT Hybognatlcus-an American genus of minnows xl3KOpH hickory shad (Alosa mediocris) xi3JIQijOHeJIJI63, xHJIORoHesijIë3 chilodonelliasis-a disease of cyprinids caused by the protozoan Chilodonella (formerly called Chilodon) XI3JIOjjoHFIA3HC, XIiJIO,IjOHH63 older names for Xi3JIO,TJOHeJIJIÔ3 XIÎJIb3a = CeJIbj(b-rI3JIb3a-hllsa herring xxivle Hime japonica-an aulopid fish xHMépa, xHmtéposax pbi6a 1. (Atl.) chimaera, rabbitfish (Chinaaera mon- strosa); 2. (Pac.) ratfish (Hydrolagus calliei); 3. (Am.) elephantfish (Callorliynclzus callorhynclzus); 4. (pl.) ghost sharks, Chimaeridae aTJIaHTtiqecxaSi HoclTaSi x. "Atlantic longnose chimaera" atlantica) (RlzinocTtimaera 6ÿpax x. "brown chimaera" (Chimaera phantasma) Ky61iHcxasl x. "Cuban chimaera" (Cltimacra cubana) HOCâTble xHMépb1 Rhinochimaeridae nSITHFICTaH x. "spotted ehimaera", ratfish (Hydrolagus barbouri) THXOOKeâHcxa51 HOC1TaH x. "Pacific longnose chiniaera." pacif âca) (Rhinochimaera X. MHuyKÿpH TIëpxasl x. x660THa5l x. = KajIjiopHHx-"twisted-snout chimaera"; (pl.) Callorhyn_ chidae r-tëpaasl x. black chimaera, Mitsukuri's chimaera (Hydrolagus mitsukurii) ,qyRôBHUtHasl x. = 6ÿpax x. xHMéposbte (pb16bl) ghost sharks, , Chimaeriformes xHHHHC (Afr.) "hynnis" (Hynnis goreensis)-a fish of the family Caran- gidae xxpoHOmII3R midge, chironolnid; (pl.) Chironomidae, Tendipedidae xHpoI.IéIITposbre wolf herrings, Chirocentridae xHpÿpr, xHpÿpr-pb16a surgeonfish; (pl.) Acanthuridae ^KëJITblt%I X. "yellow surgeonfish" (Zebrasoma flavescens) 06bIKHOBéHHbIŸI X. doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus) OTIHBKOBbIti X. "olive surgeonfish" (AcantTiurus olivaceus) nOJtocâTblt3 X. "liaaided surgeonfish" (Acanthurus triostegus) cfIHHH X. "blue surgeonfish" (Acanthurus coeruleus) xHpÿpr-IVIaxnHa "Hawaiian surgeonfish" (Acanthurus sandvicensis) xHpÿpr-napaKâHT surgeonfish (Paracantlzurus theuthis) xxpÿproable surgeonfishes, lancetfishes, Acantl.iridae XHTAHOBbIIi chitinized, sclerotized XHT6H chiton; (pl.) Loricata, Placophora (a Class of molluscs) cxpbITonJIacTAHMaTblt'I X. CTéJIJIepa gumshoe chiton, giant chiton (Amicula stelleri. = Cryptochiton stelleri) x13mHHK carnivore, predator xH^Ha 1. hyaena; 2 = 3y6âpxHtt-puntazzo

271 vIaMHRoMOxaua x.naMHAoMOxaAa Chlamydomonas-a primitive flagellate; (pl.) Chlamydo- monadida (an Order of protistans) x,norlÿH = cyRâK-zander carangid xxopoc0m6ep Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus)-a fish Mastacembelidae xo6oTHOpbm "proboscis-fish" (Mastacembelus); (pl.) a3I3ATCKHIi X. armed proboscis-fish (Mastacembelus armatus) SOCTOUHoaCppliKâHCKIdIi X. "African proboscis-fish" (Mastacembelus victoriae) 3y6âTbIH x. "big-toothed proboscis-fish" (Macrognathus aculeatus) xoA 1. migration, movement; 2, run (of salmon, etc.) MÔMHbIÎi X. heavy run, big run p^HHbIri X. the main part of a run C.IIâ6bI%i X. light run, poor run XORAJIbHbIIi walking, ambulatory (zool.) X-HaH HOI'3 walking leg xOAosân p916a migratory fish Xo1t^JIOIiHHK stilt (Himantopus himantopus)-a shore bird aacTpaJIKHcKHH x. Australian stilt (Claclorhynchus leucocephalus) aMepHKâHCKHH X. black-necked stilt (Himantopus himantopus mexicanus) césepHbIH X. black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus himantopus) xO3sli'iCrso 1. project, economic unit (farm, fishery, etc.); 2. industry, section of the national economy npyAOS6e x. pond-fish farm pb16Hoe x. the fishing industry (as a whole) pb16oa6AHOe X. fish-farm, fish-rearing establishment xôKy dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu) xoltésa, xojiéH any large gull xoxtapAHeable Triacanthadidae-a family of tropical deepwater fishes xojIoracTep Chologaster-a genus of cavefishes 601IÔTHbIii or pAcosblH X. swampfish (C. cornuta) x. AraccHVla spring cavefish (C. agassizi) xoJIO,iI,OCTÔMCOCTb resistance to cold XOJIOCTHK bachelor (fur seal) [In Kipling's story of the fur seals, bachelors are called "hollushickie".] xôMxxr homing (of salmon, etc.) xoM}rr 1. hose clamp; 2. collar xbpRa chord, notochord xopAâpxsl Chordaria (a Superphylum of animals, including arrow-worms, echinoderms, Pogonophora and chordates) xbp,ISOSOe (xcxsôTHOe) chordate (animal); (pl.) Chordata (a Phylum of animals) xopxaeM Chorinemus-a genus of carangid fishes xopHHeM-axcaH (Aust.) queenfish (Chorinemus lysan) 272 xoxJlâII

xox,aâq 1. hooded seal (CYstopliora cristata); 2. tilefish cTzamaeleonticeps) (Loplzolatilus xoxoAôK hood, crest XOXOT^H, XOXT^HbSi any large gull, particularly the herring gull argentatus) (Lai-us LiepHoroJIÔBbIIi X. great blackheaded gull (Larus iclztlzyaëtus) XOXOTÿIIIKa = 06bIKHOBéHHaH 1IRÿIKa-blackheaded gull xpaMÿjISI "khramulya"-a cyprinid fish (Varicorlainus capoëta) 3aKacnHHcKa5i x. "Asiatic khramulya" (V. heratensis heratensis) Ko,nxftRcKax x. "Armenian khramulya" (V. sieboldi) KypftHCKax x. "Kura khramulya" (V. capoëta capoëta) dtexxopâHCxasl x. "Lenkoran khramulya" (V. capoëta gracilis) MaJIoa3HâTCxaH x. "Turkish khramulya" (V. tinca) caMapKâHRcxaH x. "Samarkand khramulya" (V. heratensis steindachneri) ceBâHcxasl x. "Lake Sevan khramulya" (V. capoëta sevangi) Cpéj[He-a3H1TCKaH X. "Asiatic khramulya" (V. heratensis heratensis) XpanyHÔK = IIipÔK-TpeCKyHbK-gargaatey xpaut = xpslllA-cartilage xpe6TAHa mainline (in long-lining, the line to which the attached) gangions are xpeH horseradish X. BOj[HHÔIi water cress (Radicula Nast2G9•tium-aq2caticu972) xpôMHC coralfish, spotted damselfish (Chromis notatus); (pi.) Cichlidae xpycTAl-I dotterel (Charadrius morinellus)-a shore bird xpyu-t (L. Khanka) = aMÿpcxxH cxr-Ussuri whitefish xploxaabIIiHKH grunts, Pomadasyidae XpHIIi cartilage xpAUleable pb16bl cartilaginous fishes, , Selachii Xp5iII.ZeKOCT13CTble Chondrostei xypé,ab Peruvian jack mackerel (Traclaurus sgm77aetI•icus murpTzgi) x-9K, x5HK, xeK (Eur.) hake (Illerluccius merluccius); see HajII3M also Mepdtÿ3a, cepe6pHCTbiH X. (W Atl.) silver hake ( M. bilinearis) X3MyJIOH 1. margâte ( Haemulon album); 2. other grunts Haemulon of the genus

273 u u. (ué=ep) centner, metric quintal, 100 kg ( not ton; not 50 kg) uanaTépo leatherjacket ( Oligoplites saurus)-a carangid fish qânJtR heron, egret ( see also Lienÿpa) ( Am.) American 6éiia5i U. or 6oJtbinâx U. (Eur.) great white heron; egret ( Egretta alba) 6ejtoxpbijIa5i u. Chinese pond heron ( Ardeola bacchus) erftneTCxasl u. cattle egret ( Bubulcus ibis) AëJl-rax u. squacco heron (Ardeola ralloides) )Kë.nTOKAIbsaR U. = ?Kë.nTOKXIbsaR ^Ienÿpa-Hyxc,uA-Swinhoe's egret xpâcxaR U. = pbvl(aR u. mtâjtax 6éala5i U. little egret ( Eyretia garzetta) MâjIaA u. little bittern ( Ixobrychus minutus) HoqHâst U. night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) nëcTpaH U. = HoiIHâSI It. pblxtax u. purple heron ( Ardea purpurea) cépast I.u. (Eurasian) heron (Ardea cinerea) côJtHe'IHast U. sun bittern ( Eurypyga helios) cpéRHSSx 6éjtasi u. lesser egret ( Egretta intermeclia) qap tsar, emperor ion-Aspro pH6bkHH U. ( Carpathian region) = L fish uapëK pumpkinseed ( Lepomis gibbosus)-a ItapbÔK (Ukr., local) = cepé6pSIHHbIIi Kap1Cb I^se`r ( pl. uaeTâ) 1. colour; 2. flower; 3. the world an Order of coelenterates) MopcKÔH caeT sea anemone, ( pl.) Actiniaria ( useTéxxe bloom, flowering u. BôAOpocaeH, U. BoAOëlvta aôRopocjlxmK algal bloom, water bloom U. aoRvl = u. B6RopocjIeK 1[seTH1Si Kan^cTa see Kan^cTa uaeTOéA boll weevil uéaHH Caesio-a genus of percoid fishes Kpacxo6plbxHH IZ. "red-bellied Caesio" (Caesio erythrogaster) ueaaxaHTI3Ha coelacanth; ( p1.) Coelacanthini ( an Order of fishes) (S Afr.) rough-scaled ue,a0pi3Hx 1. a fish of the genus Coelorhynchus; 2. ( Macruroplus rat-tail ( C. fasciatus); 3. (S Afr.) smooth-scaled rat-tail nigromaculatus) L[eJI0T-II3CJIeHHbIIi integral, whole-number (adj.) ueJIbxoroj15saR ( pb16a) chimaera; ( pl.) Holocephali-a Class of fishes qeHOuxe coenocytium ( of Pterobranchia) ueHTpâpxosble sunfishes, Centrarchidae ueHTpHHa "centrina" (a shark) ( Oxynotus centrina) 274 gel-II-pod-164) geurpm(4 ruff; (pl.) Centrolophidae aBc-rpuddicicuel u. hapuka. (Hyperoglyphe porosa) ëpHbIi u. (Atl.) black ruff (Centrolophus ?tiger) gern-pmocPonme ruffs, Centrolophidae (sometimes included in Stromateidae) gewrponômonbie snooks, Centropomidae génegb (true) tapeworm; (pl.) Cyclophyllidea (an Order of tapeworms) uenôaa bandfish; (pl.) Cepolidae esponeeicxasi g. "European bandfish" (Cepola rubescens) Kombgasi g. "spiny bandfish" (Acanlhocepola) nymnic-rafl g. "spotted bandfish" ( limbata) u. KpexiirrepHa "Kruzenstern's bandfish" (A.canthocepola kruzensterni) u. libérean "Schlegel% bandfish" (Cepola schlegeli) yinemcKasi u. = g. illaérean genemenme, gen6.7tonbie , Cepolidae gent), genôtn.ca 1. chain; 2. circuit; 3. range, chain (of mountains) ninuenân nui,. food chain gepagAg Ceratias—a genus of deepwater anglerfishes gepHaErràpllsi ceriantharian; (pl.) Ceriantharia (an Order of coelenterates) gepxàpm cercaria (a life-history stage of trematodes) gec-r6gm = aélrroinime qépnn — Cestoda gecpanacrui,aht cephalaspids, fish of the extinct Order Cephalaspidiformes gechaaoKapnam Cephalocarida (a Subclass of crustaceans) gecpaurrépaKe cephalothorax—the anterior portion of the body of many crustaceans gma-rogecpadth cyathocephalosis, infestation (usually of salmonids) by the tapeworm Cyathocephalus gAre = 4ex6gb —sablefish (German Ziege) ummomopcp53 cyclomorphosis (seasonal change in body form among suc- cessive generations) gAximgc Cyclops—a copepod gmcaorim Cyclopoida—a Suborder of copepods umuroTenia veiled anglemouth (Cyclothone microdon) gpmora6cca tonguefish (Cynoglossus)—see also mopcK611 513É1J< ,z(nyLiumérmaR g. (Indian 0.) "two-lined tonguefish" (C. bilineatus) zn(unian g. (Indian 0.) "long tonguefish" (C. lingua) madtaMpeKafl g. "Malabar tonguefish" (C. semifasciatus) memogeigyfixasi g. (MT Pac.) "finescaled tonguefish" (C. abbreviatus) TommoacppmcâncmaH g. "South African tonguefish" (C. marleyi) grinora6cconme , Cynoglossidae ump (Anadyr R.) = Imp—brœad whitefish umpôc = JpyC 275 umppYgia ggpperga Cirrhina—a genus of commercial cyprinids of southern Asia 6éaa51 u. "white Cirrhina" (C. cirrhosa) ÉmbHasi u. "Chinese Cirrhina" (C. molitorella) ggc-rge,gxoz63 cystidicolosis—a fish disease caused by the nematode Cystidieola 11,14CTOHC1463 cystopsiosis—disease of sturgeons caused by the nematode Cystopsis acipenseris gwrapnxT Citharichthys—a genus of lefteye flounders porâmi u,. CW Atl.) horned whiff (C. cornutus) uàcbpa figure, cipher, numeral RoM.Bolmag u. subscript gumacôma Cichlasoma—an American genus of cichlid fishes rabuaTag u. "two-eyed Cichlasoma" (C. bioeellatum) Kpacgor6paagu,. "reclthroat Cichlasome (C. mead) g. me3ogarra "mesonaut Cichlasoma" (C. festivum) umx.nuua cichlid; (pl.) = ugmosbie Kpàcgaii u,. red cichlid—an aquarium fish 1.1,14XTIOBbIe cichlids, Cichlidae uyriàabge palp (of insects) gSrggx = 6Bi46K-LL9ngx—tubenose goby

276 Li qa.6bc 1. (Tatars of Volga) = rmo-ruà—roach; 2. (Kazakhs of Aral Sea) = nocT6tuimil anu—eastern bream gangrtia chinook sahnon (Oneorhynchus tshawytscha) tiàetuca = noasipmfl Kpâtuca—aretie tern LiMica (gen. pl . tffierc) gull (see also 6ypromiicTp, KaSnua, mapTAH, moftuta, X0X0T3./1.1, x6.nesa) 6édiasi q. ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) 6oabuiàsi mopercàsi q. great black-baclçed gull (Larus marinus)

6o.iniluàsi nodipflasi n. 6ypromAcTp — glaucous gull 6yporoa6Bafl 4. brown-headed gull (Laïus brunneicephalus) sHaoxs6crag Sabine's gull (Xema sabini) larreickan (mà.nasi) Ti. Saunders' gull (Laïus saundersi) màaasi noasipHafl 4. Iceland gull (Laïus glaueoides)

MáJIaH 1-1. little gull (Laïus minutusl mà,nag qeprioxpilffasi q. = smom6c-raYI 4 • mopcxàsi q. 1. = 6oabuiân mopcxàn 'I.; 2. = pôsoriasi n. o6mmioséflliasi q. 1. (Eur.) blackheaded gull (Laïus ridibundus); 2. (Am.) laughing gull (L. atricilla) oepria.s 4. = 06IDIKHOBéHHaYI 11. (1 ) rwasipman q. glaucous gull (Laïus hyperboreus) pedimcroBasi q. "relict gull" (Laïus reUeta)

peluiân tr. 1. =._- 06bIKHOBéMia51 tr.; 2. = cirsan q. p63ouasi II. Ross's gull (Rhodostetivia rosea) cepe6plicraH q. herring gull (Laïus argentatus) cepoxpÉrAan q. glaucous-winged gull (Larus glauceseens) cfisasl q. common gull, mew gull (Laïus canus)

cpe,m3emHom6pc1easi q. =- 4eprmroa6BaYI i. TmooKeàfickag mopcxàff IL slaty-backed gull (Laïus schistisagus) Tomeffluribsasi q. slender-billed gull (Laïus genei) -rpbcrià,nag =I. kittiwake (see moëlmca)

gepuoroaôsasi 1 -1. Mediterranean gull (Laïus melanoeephalus) 4epHoxu6cran q. black-tailed gull (Laïus erassirostrus) dluca-phr6o,n6B = pegriàsi 4. qâilita-xoxoT3hum = pelniàsi 4. qaxSiFiga chacunda (Anodontostoma chaeunda)—a small tropical gizzard shad tlaa6gun a small cm6Apciœà ocêTp—Siberian sturgeon. qàènca 1. a line tied to a weight; 2. (Astrakhan) 10 vobla tied together tiamàxo (Peru) chamaco (Se bastes oeulatus)

'-rampa, llémpa squall, small storm garnuirôppo chapingorro—a net used in Cuba to catch Spiny lobsters tiânaH, tianSipa = enasi—heron

277 IlâCTI4K gâc.THK, gâc-ri4K6Bbre pgi6tii ordinary fish—species of fish that are not of exceptional size or value: mostly cyprinicis and perchls. A term used principally in the Caspian and Volga region, where sturgeons are sep- arated as xpâcHme piMm. Species listed as chastilçovye by various authors include pike, perch, zancier, ruff e, roach, ide, asp, rudd, bream, blue bream, white bream and white-eyed bream. gâcrHoe (math.) quotient gâcnibig 1. special; 2. detailed, systematic q-Flan 14XTHOTI6rm descriptive ichthyology gacToTà. Bc-rpegàemourn frequency of occurrence tiacTSixa nogopômnxonasi water plantain (Alisma Plantago-aquatica) gaina, gàinKa cup, beaker, bowl g. HérrryHa Neptune's cup (Poterion neptuni)—a sponge flé-rpH Petri dish geMic 1. (locally) "Amur ide" (Leuciseus waleckii); 2. "Siberian roach" (Ruti/us rutilus lacustris); 3. = cm6i4pcimil méu,, kmprÉt3cKmI e., etc.; (Don) = .netti,—bream; 5. (Sakhalin) = BOCTÔLIFiag xpacnonëpKa 4. —"eastern redfin" amSrpcmil q. amSrpcxml 3b—Amur ide mcchnt1(Subcm411 tl. "Issyk-Kul dace" (Leuciscus schmidti) ge6agêx or tie6aK6K (gen. tie.6a4Kà) "chebachok"-1. = one of the two species below; 2. = eaéu Tlim,a6epra—Lindberg's dace amSipcxml g. "Chinese chebachok" (Pseudorasbora parva) HCCbIKIC9AbCKI4e1 q. "Issyk-Kul chebachok" (Leuciseus bergi) KEITà.eICKle aMSTpCKllri

e,azbilenocTôtmasi q. = caxadn-icKnii TAMéHb—Hucho perryi gerpana Caspian tern (Hydroprogne cas pic) qe,n6yx immature sturgeons MCJIHOK3II0B boat-billed heron (Cochlearis eochlearis) tleaoneKoée, (S Am.) pirafia, "man-eater"; (pl.) Serrasalmidae gearoc-rHâsi (Kocrb) maxillary (bone), maxilla, jawbone ne.inocrno)Ka6epnbie fishes of the extinct Class Aphetohyoidea (acanthoclians, etc. gemocrHopôTbie jawed vertebrates, Grnathostomata (a Subclass of verte- brates) géarombie (pÉa6m) jawed fishes, truc fishes, Gnathostomata qemocTorpSub gnathothorax—a name proposed by Snodgrass as a substitute for cephalothorax qémocTb jaw népxnflyi upper jaw, maxilla HAAH5ISI II , lower jaw, dentary (bone) gemepfm,a false hellebore (Veratrum)

gémpa = qàmpa—squall

278 tIeriÿpa q ertÿpa egret, (small) heron (see also qârlalsl) KocMâTax li. squacco heron (Ardeola ralloides) Maxax la. cattle egret (Ardeola ibis) pblxtax tI. purple heron (Ardea purpurea) tIenÿpa-Hy1K,ttâ little egret (Egretta garzetta) xKeJITOKJIIOBaR li. Swinhoe's egret (E. eulophotes ) lIepBÔHeit 1 . 10 roubles; 2. yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera ) Ltepsb worm ; ( pl .) Vermes ( a group of animal Phyla) . (See also 6ploxo- peCH AI-IHbIH, KÔJIb q afiblIi, KOJIiO , IerOJIÔBbIfi, Kp~rJIbIIiV JIéHTOLIHbIIi, MaJIO- LL[eTI3HKOBbIIi, MHOI'oLL[eTI3HKOBbIFi, HeMaTOMÔp (pHbIH, HiITT IaTbIÎ3, IIJIÔC- KIiii, pe q HI3LIHbIIi and HjeTHHKO 1 IeJIiüCTHbIIi TiepBb ) rI3r1HTCKH[i ,iZo}K A eBbIi ~I . (Aust .) giant earthw orm (Megascolides aus- tralis ) ,I[o1K,i[eBÔi'I Ti. earthworm, dew worm, night crawler ; (pl.) Lumbricidae Kopa6éJIbHbIIi 11. shipworm-a mollusc ( Teredo, Bankia and allied genera ; see also csepafiJIa ) Kp1CHbIIi LI . = jjo%j[eBbii LI . Tpÿ6uarbIfl q, tube-worm (Serpula) T-IepBSlra caecilian, "worm salamander" ; ( pl .) Caeciliidae acppHxâHCxasl Ti . "pale caecilian" (Schistometopum thomensis) BoAHâx 11 . (S Am .) "water caecilian" (Typlalonectes compressus) KÔTIb q aTaH q . (S Am .) "banded caecilian" ( Siphonops annulatus) HacTosltltHe q -rbi ( S Am .) true caecilians ( Caeciliia) uei'ITIbHcxax q . "Ceylon caecilian" (Ichthyophis glutinosus) LIepBmiôK (small) worm uepeAâ bur marigold, beggars' ticks (Bidens) tiepeHÔK ( gen. LiepexKâ) 1 . handle, shaft ; 2. (pl.) razor and jackknife clams, Solenida e 6o.ttbul 6 H ascTpajtA HcKH fI q. giant jack-knife clam of Australia (Solen grandis ) MeTIeBf4RHbit-I 11. 1 . (Eur.) "jack-knife clam" ( Solen marginatus) ; 2. (Am.) Atlantic jack-knife clam (Ensis directus) ; 3. Pacific jack-knife clam (Solen sicarius) MopcKÔH q . 1 . (W Atl.) razor clam (Siliqua costata) ; 2. (E Pac .) razor clam (Siliqua patula) ; 3. (Eur .) razor clam (Siliqua atla) o6bIKH0BéHHblii LI. = MeLIeBÎ3,IjHbIIi LI. tiépeH skull, craniu m iaepenâxa turtle, tortoise, terrapin ; (pl.) Chelonia (an Order of reptiles) ascTpaxHHcxax 3MexH0IU61RHax r-I . "Australian snake-neck turtle" (Clr,el- odina longicollis ) ajtdtHrâTOposasl li. (N Am.) alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temmincki ) aMepHKâHCxasl 6 0J16THaR Tiepenâxa Blanding's turtle ( Emys blandingi) aCppHKdHCKaH 3Mei4xoIIléIiHaH Ti. "African snake-neck turtle" (Pelome- dusa subrufa ) 6axp6MqaTasl tI. = MaTaMâTa 6éJIaH ~I . = 3eJIëHaH li. 6ecLIjHTiC 0 Sa 5i li . = KÔ?KHçTaSi tI . 6oxouuléHHax la. side-neck turtle; (pl.) Pleurodira ( a Suborder of turtles )

279 gepenàxa

6OEnômiaz g. 1. (Eur.) pond tortoise (Emys orbicularis); 2. (pl.) semi- box turtles (Emys) 6oab1ueroesaa g. 1. (SE Asia) bighead turtle (Platysternon megace- phalum); 2. = roaoaàcran mopcicàa g. 6yrôpgaTaa g. (N Am.) diamondback terrapin (IVIalaclemmys terrapin) B01151HÙe q-XH (Eur., N Am.) pond turtles (Clemmys) reorpaclAgecKaa (N Am.) map turtle (Graptemys geographica) roaoecraa (mopcxàa) g. loggerhead (turtle) (Caretta caretta) rop6à-raa g. (N Am.) sawback (Graptemys oculif era and related species) rpercposan g. = azimrà-roposaa g. AaJmeaocTôtniaa g. "Asiatic soft-shell turtle" (Trionyx sinensis) Anyicone_rmaa (manco.réaan) g. (New Guinea) two-toed turtle (Garret- tochelys insculpata) amaAémoriag g. (S Asia) diadem turtle (Hardelta thurjii) gammoinéiiriza (N Am) long-necked turtle (Deirochelys reticularia) 3aMbIKà101.1114ICH q. 1. (N Am.) eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subru- brum); 2. (pl.) mud turtles (Kinosternon) seaënaa g. green turtle (Chelonia mydas) smemioluéibmg q. snake-neck turtle; (pl.) Chelidae Aaosaa sambneammeicsi g. mteficican xpôaeaman g. "Indian roofed turtle" (Kachuga teeta) unafnIcKan aônamaa g. "Indian spotted turtle" (Lissemys punctata) KailmàHosaH g. (N Am.) snapping turtle (Chetydra serpentina); (pl.) Chelydridae xacrubIcicag IL Caspian turtle (Clemmys caspica) ICHTàficKag TpêXKI311ëua1 11. "Chinese three-keeled turtle" (Chinemys reevesi) IC6)KHCTaH q. 1. leatherback (turtle) (Dermochelys coriacea); 2. (pl.) Atheeae (a Suborder of turtles) KopoTKornégnan g. (Aust.) "short-neeked turtle" (Emydura) KpacnoSixaa g. (N Am.) pond slider, redear turtle (Pseudemys scripta) Kycàxnuaaca g. = Kailmânonag g. aecnan g. wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) aarSnuxonaa g. (S Am.) "frog turtle" (Batrachemys) mexci4KàficKasi q. Mexican turtle (Dermatemys mawii) mopcitàn g. 1. sea turtle (in general); 2. (pl.) Chelonioidea (a Suborder of turtles) m37cxycnan g. 1. (N Am.) stinkpot, common musk turtle (Sternotherus ordoratus); 2. (pl.) musk turtles (Sternotherus) luirKoK6nta5l g. = mancoTéaaa n • mancoTéaaa g. 1. soft-shelled turtle (see TpHônnicc); 2. (pl.) leather- backs, Trionyehoidea (a Suborder of turtles) oailsitoBag ridley (Lepidochelys olivaeea) nnaocnÉmiaa g. (N Am.) false map turtle (Graptemys pseudogeographica) nAcKaa g. (S Am.) "flat turtle" (Platemys) npecriou6,anaa g. 1. = 6cméornaa n.; 2. any freshwater turtle risrrxeicraz g. (N Am.) spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) pacinunàa yxpainâmaa g. (N Am.) painted turtle (Chrysemys pieta) petiHâsi q. = 60TIÔTHail ciephrrouiElnam g. S-neck turtle; (pl.) Cryptodira (a Suborder of turtles) Cy110BàYI q. soup turtle -,- 3eJIëHaI g. eyxonSmiaa g. tortoise; (pl.) Testudinidae

280 tiepenàxa

TpëxxoroTnaH (mnritoThan) softshell turtle; (pl.) Trionychidae yKpaluërmasi (N Am.) slider, cooter (Pseudemys) tiepenàxa-appày giant Amazon turtle (Podocnemis ex pansa) tiepenàxa-6i4cca hawksbill turtle (CiteIonia imbricata) tiepenàxa-kapérra = roaonàcran mopertà51 tiepenàxa—loggerhead turtle gepenàunta stink-bug, pentatomid; (pl.) Pent atomidae, a f amily of Heteroptera npéiwasi Eurygaster integriceps (a serious pest in Russia) gepénnue Craniata (a Subphylum of -vertebrates) tieprviStxa = tieindtxa—rudd tiépua (Cuba) mutton hamlet (Alphestes afer) amepmcànexan or gépna. amepnena (Cuba) red grouper (Epinephelus morio) noaocà-ran or tiépna xpr46,71bn (Cuba) Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatas) qêpnan pgi6a 1. Alaska blackfish (Dania pectoralis); 2. (Aust.) sergeant- fish (Rachycentron canadas) qëpnenbiaml (fur-seal) pup Liépne.rb scaup (duck) roay6àn = Kpaenoro.nembill Ine6K—pochard mopcKàsi 4. scaup, greater scaup (Aythya mania) xox.rià'rafi 11. tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) tiepniumnan 6o.né3Hb, tieprdiamioe 3a6o,nenàrme blackspot disease (a para- sitic infestation of fishes, characterized by small cysts on the body and fins) gépno (Cuba) misty grouper (Epinephelus mystacinus) Impuo6p6ifica (Kura R.) "blackbrow" (Acanthalbarnus microlepis) 4epno6pibunca 1. "blackbelly" (Xenocypris)—a cyprinid fish; 2. = »curronêp—"yellowfin" am9pcKan IL "Amur blackbelly" (Xenocypris macrolepis) gepriorzà3xa (Murmansk region) euphausid, black-eye, suil dhu (Gaelic) tieptiorpnBica = xceJITOxpÉIJIKa—yello -wfin Baikal sculpin tiepflorc = 6éiiri àucT—white stork tiepno366mt dunlin—a shore bird (Caliclris alpina)

trepuou6cmx = uepflocru'unca — blackback shad geplionêpica (Antarctic) "blackfin" (Tromatomus nicolai)—a predacious notothenid gepHocrieuuca 1. blackback shad (Alosa kessleri kessleri); 2. (S Caspian) = Kacnnticimil phI6én—Caspian vimba tiepliStxa 1. (also mepmS7xa—lower Dnepr, etc.) = KpacnonëpKa—rudd; 2. = tiëpnbrn Typnàn—velvet scoter gepuSrauca 1. = 6eaorabbril ,rimp6K---white-eyed pochard; 2. = mop- cKàsi or xomirran tiépne-rb

281 LlepHbIUI

= TéTepeB-black LIepHiku 1. green sandpiper (Tringa ochropus); 2. grouse; 3. _LtëpxblH xcâBOpoxoK-black lark; 4. brown mushroom (Boletus scaber) ; 5. = 1IëpxW4 ueHTpo,nôcr-black ruff qepxb = MopcKâst or xoxJlâTaR tIéplleTb tIëpT devil (Am.) goose- MopcKSH u. 1. (Eur.) anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius); 2. fish (L. americanus); 3. (pl.) anglers, fishes of the Order Pediculati; 4. Atlantic manta (Mania birostris) SIIIÔHCKIiI%I MopCKÔIi ^I. "Japanese anglerfish" (Lophiomus litulon) uecH61IHHtIa toad frog; (pl.) Pelobatidae a3HâTCKHH porâTax q. Asian horned frog (Megaphrys nasuta) o6bIKHOBéaxa5t ti. common toad frog (Pelobates fuscus) cxpHHCxasl q. "Syrian toad frog" (Pelobates syriacus) tIeTBepTHT-IHbIH (geol.) (era) qeTblpëxrllbaH (pb16a), ileTbIpëxrJiâ3Ka four-eye (Anableps tetrophthalmus) qeTblpëxxcâ6epllbie Tetrabranchiata (a Subclass of cephalopods-includes the nautilus) LIeTbIpëx3v6bl puffers, Tetraodontidae B63pacT qeTblpëxJIéTxa a fish in its 4th year of life (age 3+)-see also ueTblpëxx660THHKH Tetrarhynehidae (an Order of tapeworms) LtexôHb, (Ukr.) T-IexôHSl sabrefish, razorfish () jjJIiIHHOTéJIaH q. (Indochina) "long-bodied sawbelly" (Macrochirichthys) xHl[,AHCxax r-t. "Indian sawbelly" (species of Oxygaster and Chela) qer-ryra (Dnestr region) sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) qéuia = tiexôHb-Pelecus cultratus qeluÿ%Ixa diminutive of qeiuysi-scale KpbIJIOBIiJ.[Hble ti-KH "wing scales" (a pair of elongated scales on either side of the tail of some clupeids) qeulyHLiâTKx scaled fish (etc.) ascTpaJIfIHcKHK Li. Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) aMepxKâHCxHH q. South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa) lIeuiysl 1. (also qeIuÿHKa) scale; 2. scales, scale-covering (of a fish) raH6H,uxa5l Ti. ganoid scale rpe6éHLIaTax ^I. ctenoid scale xHaIësaH ti. 1. keel scale (a scale from the keel of a fish); 2. keeled scale (a scale bearing a keel) KpbIJI0BI3J7,Ha5i LI. cycloid scale KTeHÔHAHaH LI. ctenoid scale naa0H1[Hax q. placoid scale pb16b5i ti. ichthyosis, scaly skin (a disease of man) c6pacb1BâHxe tteuiyf4 desquamation I(IiKJIÔi-Ij(HaH ti. cycloid scale

iiI36KC lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) aHJ^I3KCKHÏ'I LI. = I0>KHoaMepI3K1HCKIiii LI. aCppHK1HCKHIi 14. = IIIIIOpIZeBbIIi LI. I3Hj[Ii4I%ICK04 q. red-wattled lapwing (Lobivanellus indicus)

282 qIi61•IC

yKpaIIIeHHbIVi T-I, = I3Hj[i3IiCKIiIi I. IunôpuesblTt 14, spur-«=inged plover (-Hoploptel•us spiqzosus) I0MKHOaMepKKâHCKr4H q. Andean lapwing, lique-lique (Ptiloscelys plendens) res- LII"Ira (Don region) = CTépJtstAb-sterlet tlxK (Carpathian region) = BbIOH-loach LIHAHM (used onl'only iii the Far East) sllrilup (Panda.lus and allied genera); (pl.) Pandalidae (see also KpeBéTirotrrÿH Baikal teal (Avas formosa) T-IPIpÔK-KOpoCTeJIÔi< _ 'IHpÔK-TpeCKyHÔK

'IIip6K-CBHCTyHÔK (Eurasian) teal (A7ïas crecca) 1IHp61<-TpeCI

283

Llômra

Liômra great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) non 1. "chop"—a percid. fish (Aspro zingel); 2. (incorrectly) a small cy,ex MààbIel q. "little chop" (A. streber) cppangST3cuml LI. "Rhone chop" (A. asper) Llema amapÉnn (Cuba) Caribbean sea bream (Archosargus rhontboidalis) qôr114K = cy,ec—zander LiopHSTxa (Ukr.) = xpacHonëpita—rudd LicIpT = uëpT—deyil 'q6pTi4K (Dnestr) = Tpbcfmnag Kômounta—threespine stickleback

Liyityliàn 1. redside sucker (Catostomus catostomus); 2. = cm61Ipclad1 4. rop6kruil humpback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) 0 6bIKH0BéHHbIel 4. longnose sucker, redside sucker (Catostomus catosiomus) IIFITHACTbIel 4. spotted sucker (Minytrema melanops) eli6ÉpcitHei Li. "Siberian redside sucker ' (Catostomus catostomus rostratus) 4ëpHbIt '-i. northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans) 4yKy4àH-3pHml13ox lake chubsucker (Erimyzon sttccetta) LiyKyqâHoBbie suckers, Catostomidae gyzapà (Black Sea) an immature mullet (Mugil auratus or M. saliens) qymà 1. plague, especially bubonic plague; 2. other diseases BoRmiàfl Elodea---an American water plant that has become a nuisance in Europe ,ll6coceil "trout pestilence"—a disease of salmonids caused by Bacillus pestis salmonis pàxou "crayfish pestilence"—a disease of the European crayfish (Astacus), caused by Bacillus pestis astaci 4. cùros "whitefish pestilence"—a disease of unknown etiology mi,37K "pike pestilence"—a disease probably of bacterial origin 4yrxS7p (Mongolian) angler mopcx6fi = piMa-yenblufflit—goosefish, anglerfish

284 W

mar 1. step; 2. = mar xtiéH I.u. sI,IéH, tu. xqéi%I size of mesh, in "square mesh", i.e. the distance between adjacent knots (Denisov). Compare pa3Mép sILIéH. Iua,nâHAa 1. (Black Sea, Pacific) a small fishing vessel; 2. (Caspian) a ship anchored on the vobla fishing grounds, and serving as a base for small gill-netters (peloluKH); 3. scow, barge u.IaMâx = IueMâx utâMpa squall Iuânxa cap enxcxôncxax iu. bishop's mitre-a marine snail (Iffitra episcopalis) Iu1noTIxa cap Kpâcxax III. redcap-a variety of goldfish uiap-pvi6a puffer (Cyclichthys orbicularis) IuapâH, Iuapaxé9 (Ukr.) = ca3âH-carp iuaposHAxa water beetle of the genus Sphaeridium tuap6axa round clam, fingernail clam (Sphaerium) npôlaHasl Iu. (Eur.) "solid SplLaerimn" (S. solidum) peraHâx III. (Eur.) "river Sphaerium" (S. rivicoluna) porosâsl M. (Eur.) "horned Sphaerium" (S. corneum) IuâlueHb shipworm (Teredo and allied genera) IIISapTÔS mooring line u.IBI351 (Dnestr) = yx,néHxa-bleak ulaôpxa 1. seam, join (where two pieces of net are sewn together) ; 2. the opening in the pot of a fyke net where fish are removed (laced together while fishing)

uie1I, tuq1[ (Am.) shad (Alosa sapidissima). See also aj16ca, cealbAb(2) ana6âMcxHH ui. shad, Ohio shad (Alosa alabama = A. ohiensis) xHAHHCKxH III. Chinese herring (Ilisha elongata) IÔ?KHbIIi IH. = aJIa61MCKHIi iu. IiIéHHbIH cervical, jugular, neck (adj.) uleHxuepxx ftn5THax Schezccltzeria palustris-a marsh plant illedibc^ shelf MaTepxxôBbIH uI. continental shelf uieMaR "shemaya" (Claalcalburnus cltalcoides)-from Persian ntax-MaH = royal fish apâ,nbclcasl HI. "Aral shemaya" (C. c. aralensis) 6aBâpexa5i iu. "Bavarian shemaya" (C. c. mento) 6a-rÿMcxasl Lu. "Batum shemaya" (C. c. derjugini) AHenpôscxo-asdscxax or aaoBCxo-iepHOMÔpcxasc iu. "Azov shemaya" (C. c.. sclzisclzlcovi) AyHâHcxast Iii. "Danube shemaya" (C. c. danubicus)

285 memàsi

kacruUcKasi m. "Caspian shemaya" (C. c. chalcoicles) Kin,:imcKag m. "Crimean shemaya" (C. c. mentoides) tiepnom6pcitafl ai. = Aynàlicicafl Illepecnëp = )Képex—asp inepc-recre6eamm pipe-wort (Eriocaulon) LEH 6FIS.11( = cy,aàlc—zander memo awl mopcx6e ai. = geplicnepcxasi smeemiefflasi nrâà—"Black Sea pipefish" innaoKidanKa avocet (Recurvirostra avocetta) um.uonëp (Aust.) big-spined boarfish (Undecimus henclecacanthus) ILIMOXBÔCT, 11ma0xn6crica pintail (Anas acuta) mHab6oBbie Schilbeidae—a family of catfishes, including the transparent gla.ss catfishes awlwort (Subularia aquatica) umnRaepuenbie Schindleridae—tiny transparent pelagic fishes mkunizepm Schindleria praematurus—the world's smallest fish, not exceeding 8 mg MET 1. spine; 2. (Turkic languages) hybrid; 3. "bastard sturgeon" (Acipenser nudiventris); 4. (Black Sea region, incorrectly) = aTaau- TÉn-lecKmei ocë-rp—sea sturgeon (A. sturio) aHLIbHbIti III. anal spine 6eaSTmcnil m. hybrid between limn and 6eaSira ocen6BbIel in. hybrid between c'repasi,ab and ockTp cespie»Kuil in. hybrid between unin and cenpibra; also (incorrectly) hybrid between ci.ép.iumb and cenpubra crimmôr1 in. dorsal spine III1MI4K prickle, little spine umnônxa 1. (Ob region) hybrid between cm6fipcminl ocë'rp and crépasub; 2. = LLIMII(513Ka umnorwc thorny-headed (worm); (pl.) Acanthocephala munoinex thornyhead (Sebastolobus) amicidnicimil in. shortspine thornyhead (S. alascanus) .IiJrJsHHorirJIbIÇI ai. longspine thornyhead (S. altivelis) ,aammonêpuil in. "Iongfin thornyhead" (S. macrochir) mÉincxeg (Atl.) sheepshead (Archosargus rhomboidalis) umnSui = aé6e,ab-umnSni--mute swan innp6IIT (Azerbaijan) 1. "Chanari barbel" (Barbus capito); 2. "Caspian barbel" (Barbus brachycephalus caspius) innpunà 1. width, breadth; 2. (of fish) = TOJIMPIHà—thickness umpkyn6K = qmp6K-TpecxyH6K—garganey unbman, uimpmân = 6b1'-i6K-ud1pman—"sy1man goby" icacnAilcxmil W. "Caspian syrman goby" (Neogobius syrman eurystomus) 286 umpoicoa66uK umpokom5611x (Antarctic) "broadnose" (Pagothenia) a genus of noto- thenid fishes 6 OJIMIIIM Ill. "big broadnose" (P. borehgrevinki) unipoxoz156ma (Eur.) Miller's thumb, sculpin (Cottus gobio); (pl.) seul- pins, Cottidae—see also no,auâmemumc, Repqàu 6ailKàabcKue 1.11-K11 Baikal sculpins (Cottocomephoridae) nywroucuag necnàuan tn. "Baunt's sand sculpin" (Cottus kessleri bauntovi) 6ozmuàfl mpàcuasi m. big Baikal sculpin (Procottus jeittelesi major) 60abuieroa6BaH 1H. "big-headed sculpin" (Batrachocottus baicalensis) BwriimcKag ni. 'Tiffin sculpin" (Limnocottus kozovi) ,rununioxpiaasi tn. "longfin Baikal sculpin" (Cottocomephorus come- phoroides)

AurroxpÉumg iii. = )Kurroxpem —yellowfin Baikal sculpin AùpFlasi tu. "fat sculpin" (Batrachoeottus nikolskii) Kâmemasi m. "stone sculpin" (Coitus kneri) màp,ukucouag m. "dwarf sculpin" (Metaeottus gunviei) xopoTkoroaônan tn. "shorthead sculpin" (Coninella boulengeri) Kpàcriasi in. "red Baikal sculpin" (Procottus jeittelesi) neclAriafl Lu. "sand sculpin" (Cottus kessleri) mockormônag al. 1. "flathead sculpin" (Myozocephalus platyeephalus); 2. "Berg's abyssal sculpin" (Abyssoeottus bergianns) cu6Apocan HI. "Siberian sculpin" (Cottus sibirieus) créimeposa in. "Steller's sculpin" (Myoxocephalus stelleri) neTmpêxpôrag in. fourhorn sculpin (Hyarocephalus quactrieornis) tuepuiâuag ni. Herzenstein's rough sculpin (Asprocott us herzensteini) tumpoicompgmau rop6à-rau tu. "broad-finned humped sculpin" (Asprocottus megalops eurystomus) CTéznepa = crézzeposa iàxulau mocKoroeuaH tu. "southern flathead sculpin" (Myoxocephalus platyeephalus taeniopterus) unwoKoH6cma shoveller (duck) (Anas elypeata) iumuàk 1. spiked helmet; 2. giant whelk (Cassia cornula) mumétumx pinecone fish (Monocentrus) aucrpaddlucull in. Australian pinecone fish (M. gloriamaris) sinâncnni m. Japanese pinecone fish (M. japonicus) uniunca 1. knob, bump, lump, boss; 2. cone (of a tree) Luxa,uà scale MITH6 àâbHafl M. 5-division scale mKéFrredib pennant wire LuFcepT binding rope (used to hold a coil of line together) uncpe6eTyxa (Black Sea) a fingerling mullet (Mugit auratus and M. saliens) LIMéMHYIK skullcap (Scutellaria galericulata) umemon6ceu staghorn sculpin (Gymnoeanthus) apicriiiLecKLuI m. Arctic staghorn sculpin (G. trieuspis) repueuLuTeruia (W Pac.) "Japanese staghorn sculpin" (G. herzensteini)

287 LIIJII0 3 tu,n103 1. sluiceway ; 2 . lock (in a canal ) pb16onponycxH6H IH ., pb160x6j[HbIIi HI . fish-lock (for passing fish above a dam) IuôKyp = Iü6KYp IHripOT sprat, brisling (Clupea sprattus) ascTpajtl3Hcxxr1 in . "Australian sprat" (C. bassensis) 6aJITH%icKHH H.t. Baltic sprat (C . balticus) Hono3ealâHRcKHH LU . "New Zealand sprat" (C . antipodum) cpe)j143eMHoM6peKKH tu . Mediterranean sprat (C . sprattzcs phalericus) T-IepHOM6pcKI3YI III . = cpej[Ii3eMHOM6pCKIIÎi ni . ulnÿJibxa spool, spindle (of a reel for angling ) iupKMC shrimp ; (p1.) Crangonidae, sometimes also other families (see also KpeBéTKa, LImJIHM ) 6opo,rjâB,IaTbIH ui . "bearded shrimp" (Sclerocrangon alata) ,i[JIIIHHOKJIIÔBbIli III . spike shrimp (Paracrangon) K03bIpbKOBbIIi in . "visored shrimp" (Nectocrangon) 06bIKHOBéHHbIŸI III . "true shrimp" (Crangon ) necT-IâHblit in . "sand shrimp" (Crangon septemspinosa) césepHbiH ui . 1. "northern shrimp" (Sclerocrang,on boreas) ; 2. = cénep- HbIH TiKaHM-pink shrim p CKyJIbIITIdpOBaHHbIIi Iu . "sculptured shrimp" (Sclerocrangon) THxooxeâHCKHH TpaBRHÔH nI . "Pacific grass shrimp" (Pandalics kessleri) uI . Z[eplôrHHa Derjugin's shrimp (Sclerocrangon derjugini ) Iu . npoMexcyTÔUxbIH "intermediate shrimp" (Sclerocranyon intermedia) stHueBHAHbIH M . "egg-shaped shrimp" (Nectocrangon robusta) tupHMc-MeRBexcôHOK "bear-cub shrimp" (Sclerocranyon salebrosa) IIITI3JIb quietness B IIITIdTIb in calm weather, with a calm se a tIITÿKa individual, item, piece (for animals this word is used only in the genitive plural-ILITyK ) IIIT~TdHbII%I (adj . from IuTÿKa) by the piece ulyrâ 1 . sludge ; 2. frazil ic e mÿJIJIIO (Carpathian region) = cy1(âx zander IuyMoneltearoBâHHe 7.. echo-location (e .g., of fish schools) ; 2 . location by sounds produced (by a fish school ) I.uyTHHK = MopcKâx cBHHbR-harbour porpoise u.IaR = tueg---shad

288 til, tua6ém) dock, sorrel (Rumex) Mgr-1mA n. "water dock" (R. aquaticus) npxmôpcxer Lu. "seashore dock" (R. maritimus) awmocw-lontia.roshik ru. "false saline dock" (R. pseudonatronatus) tueapùua BoAsuiàfl n. water pipit (Anthus spinoletta) mer6a (Eur.) goldfinch (Cardue/is cardue/is) Luëroab 1. fop, dandy; 2. spotted redshank (Tringa erythropus) meKopor "spinecheek" (Bovichthys); (pl.) Bovichthyidae—a family of notothenoid fishes ancrpaaiiiltiecKm'É lg. "Australian spinecheek" (Bovichthys variegatus) 6bILIKOMiAlibItiiLk. usenlpin spinecheek" (Cottoperca gobio) tgeKoporosbie Bovichthyidae Luëaotniocrb alkalinity Jlb slit, aperture A5.6epHan n. gill slit ueFiKa birth (of certain mammals) merienc pup Lue'dnixo6piox Chaetogaster—a genus of oligochaetes upo3pât1ibiii Lu. "transparent Chaetogaster" (C. diaphanus) 37.71FITKOBBIII UL. "snail worm" (C. limnaei) lueTfirucosbril (gepsb) bristle worm; (pl.) Chaetopoda (a Class of annelids) LILeTHHKOlié.1110CTIDIVI (tiepBb) arrow-worm, chaetognath; (pl.) (a Phylum of animals) Henn-1033 6 1. (Am.) angel fish (Holacanthus, Pomacanthus); 2. butterfly fish (Chaetodon); 3. (pl.) = LILeTHHO3S760BbIe ,a13.S7XLIoaocmil Lu. "two-banded butterfly fish" (Heniochus acuminatus) ,neurffinoaochrii Lu. "ten-banded butterfly fish" (Chaetodontoplus septen- trionalis) TpëXHOJIoCbI n. "three-banded butterfly fish" (Chaetodon 9nodestus) (1)paxecxel Lu. French angelfish, "chibirico" (Pomacanthus paru) LieTbrpëxraà3EA Lu. foureye butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus) suichicmil Lu. "Japanese butterfly fish" (Chaetodon nippon) LU,eTHHO3y6-1114HILéTHHK "tweezers butterflyfish" (Forcipiger longirostris) Lue-rmio3S76a51 (pÉi6a) = LUeTHHO3S76 IlLeTHHO3S76 osbie butterflyfishes (and angelfishes), Chaetoclontidae Iumnôma spiny loach (Cobitis taenia) apàabcicafl al. "Aral spiny loach" (C. aurata aralensis) Kamcà3c1cas1 u. = npeiwarucâmicail LU,. Kaculificxasi Lu. "Caspian spiny loach" (C. caspia) nepe,zweamàvrcKasi 11_[. = ibaman u.

289 inun6sxa

npe,axambexasi In. "Caucasian spiny loach" (C. caucasica) ceùpcxasi in. "Siberian spiny loach" (C. taenia sibirica) iimuiag in. "golden spiny loach" (C. aurata) 1.11,14CTOMiCTHNK water pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris) uulT 1. shield; 2. carapace (especially of crustaceans) flHrMy,MáJIbHBT uj. pygidium (of isopods) tufrreHb (pl. Ileum) tadpole shrimp, notostracan, especially Triops cancri- formis; (pl.) Notostraca (an Order of branchiopod crustaceans, comprising the genera Lepidurus and Triops Apus) 111,14T6K 1. (zool.) thorax; 2. (bot.) cyme, corymb uuTrôx-mtyq6K (on carangid fishes) sente inkrrom6pRumx a snake of the genus Ancistrodon Agkistrodon uo,zumôel n. (N Am.) water moccasin (A. piscivorus) 11114T0H6C Bàp-rcuia "Barton's seapoacher" (Aspidophoroides bartoni) Lubityp 1. = limp—broad whitefish; 2. =KOJflJMCKHd cur—Kolyma white- fish tuSrma (adj. inSnmil) pike (Esox lucius) amSipcKasi IL!,. Amur pike (Esox reicherti) roaynfl mopcxàfl tu,. blue ling (Molva byrkelange) Ka!MaHoBa a. narm,Hprmx—gar pike (Lepisosteus) KpâcHa u. = Tailmérib—taimen KpacHouëpag n. redfin pickerel (Esox americanus) mopcxàu Lu,. 1. barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda); 2. (Eur.) ling (IVIolva molva); 3. hake (ILIerluccius); 4. billfish (Tylosurus); 5. (Eur.) garfish (Belone belone—see also caprâH); 6. (Am.) needlefish (Strongylura, etc); 7. (Baltic) pike taken in brackish -water mopcmAe LUS7KH 1. needlefishes, Belonidae; 2. barracudas, Sphyraenidae iffiabcxasi Tn. "Nile pike" (Mormyrops) nàuumpliail = naFaulpmu—gar pike (Lepisosteus) noaocàTag Lit chain pickerel (Esox niger) TPIXOOKeàHCKail mopcxàyi u. THX00KeàHCKH11 capràu—round-bodied garfish TpaBsuiàfl in. (Am.) grass pickerel (Esox vermiculatus) LuSTKoshie pikes, Esocidae myKora'aB "pikehead" (Luciocephalus pulcher) nunconenme Luciocephalidae—a family of fishes myKoo6pbribie pikes and allies—Order Esocif ormes or Haplomi Lnyu, UJH1IK palp, tentacle Inynàrt (Ukr.) = mSuca—pike ni,Smaabile 1. palp (of insects); 2. tentacle (of medusae) inSiumbuesbie 1. Tentaculata (a Phylum of animals that includes Bryozoa); 2. Tentaculif era (a Subclass of comb-jellies) Lu,yriampueu6rHe Palpigrada (an Order of arachnids) Luypêriox (pl. Lu,ypâTa) young pike my-Am pike flesh (prepared for eating)

290 itiÿqxa 1. pickerel, small pike; 2. other kinds of small fishes Mopetcâu M. (NtiV Atl.) white barracudina (Pcrralepis rissoi) uI. llIanepa "Schaper's platy" (Epiplatys sclzaperi)-an ornamental cyprinodont Mÿqbx pikes, Esocidae

291 3 sBr,nexosbie Euglenoidea (an Order of protistans) aBpx- eury- (see also éspH-) oBpHajta ycTpaulHâlomasl "prickly water-lily" (Euryale ferox) 9BpH6H6HTnbIH curybiotic, capable of living under a wide range of en- vironmental conditions 3BpHnTepxRa = paxocxopllxôH-eurypterid 3BpKCj)arAqecKHi^ euryphagous (consuming foods -of varied types) OBTpÔq)HbIIi see eBTpÔ(^HbIIi 3BC^oTA,IecKHH, 3cpoTl3qecKxK euphotie 3K3eMnTISIp specimen, individual, piece 3K0CIicT6Ma, 3KoJIorlfi3ecxax cIdcTéMa ecosystem, ecological system aKcnJiyaTâuKa 1. exploitation; 2. operation, use BCTynATb B 3KCIIJIyaTlljIilO to put into operation 3KCTeHCfIBHOCTb incidence (of attack by a parasite or disease)-the percent- age of animals affected, as contrasted with HI-ITeHCABHOCTb, which see oKCTpâlrrop disgorger (a device for removing fish hooks) E)KcyM6pé,a,na exumbrella (of medusae) sKTOnapaaHT ectoparasite 9J1b HHHbo El Nino-an incursion of tropical water along the coast of Peru a.narâT rainbow runner (Elagatitis bipinnulatus) -9aaccolvla pygmy sunfish (Elassoma) 3JIeICC13BHOCTb See ŸIHAeKC 3JIeKTpoiCpblJi6 electrical fishing apparatus 3JielcrpojiôB fishing with electricity, electrofishing 9sieKTp6Ha Elecirona-a genus of lanternfishes aHTaplcrl3,Iecxax 3. "antarctic lanternfish" (E. antarctica) HoTâJIbxasl .9. "southern lanternfish" (E. subaspera) 9,IteirrpoTpbt electric trawl a,aeMéHT 1. element (chemistry); 2. factor, aspect; 3. member (of a structure); 4. cell (of a battery) 3jte6TpHC, oalHÔTpxc eleotrid; (pl.) Eleotridae (a family of fishes) Wiéiub, 3JIbT-IHK (Ukr.) = exéu,-dace sdtéub-aHApÿra (Ukr.) "Andruga dace" (Leuciscus agassizi) 9JniMiiHlljIi5I elimination ailo,t>;éR Eloclea canadensis-a submersed water plant 3Jlonc = 6oJIbluerjIâ3asl Cedib,T);b-tenpounder (Elops)

292 aaoncOebre

àaoncomie tenpounders, Elopidae ama (Black Sea, local) = rójras nectiàxxa—scaleless sand lance 3m6fula (Am.) seaperch; (pl.) viviparous perches, Embiotocidae am6wiHrr Mitsukuri's sand lance (Embolichthys mitsukurii) arueprordmecumfi endergonic (a chemical process which accumulates energy in its products) artgonapaawr endoparasite 9HTepAT enteritis 6aicrepmàabfflii 3. amj'ipoB bacterial enteritis of the Chinese carps 1(OICLIKL(1463HbIii 9. T0n1'0,71661,ms coccidial enteritis of silver carp- caused by Eimeria sinensis smeanôcluic 4epseo6pâmbig Encheliophis vermicularis—a Pacifie carapid fish amwrpeù,Ra white worm (Enehytraeus albidus) —used to feed aquarium fishes; (pl.) Enchylraeidae—a family of oligochaetes aculéFi (geol.) (period) anuao,gAtiecuiii casual, occasional (as opposed to systematic) 3111-1306THH epidemic (among animals other than man), epizootic ammoToerxn epidemiology (of animals other than man) 31114HeeICT6H epineuston (aquatic organisms that live in immediate contact with the water surface—either on it or below it) arumularmàzb epipelagic region, epipelagial arnulAym epifauna (benthic animals that live on the bottom rather than in it, the latter being the miclAyfia) anumSipa Epischura—a planktonic copepod apra3ua63 ergasilosis, infestation by the copepod parasite Erg asilus apuzemic skilfish (Erilepis zonif er) apurrpiniosme Erythrinidae—a family of characinoid fishes apauclyr air-lift (for raising fish through a pipe) acKomp Peruvian snake-mackerel (..1' eno gramme carinatum) acmàpKa Norway pout (Occlus esmarkii) aco "eso lizardfish" (S aurida undosquamis) accérinusi essence Bocrôluian a. "oriental essence"—a preparation from scales of the bleak and other fishes, used to make artificial pearls acma, àuma A_eschna = Aeshna—a common genus of dragonflies aTân stage, stanza (of development) aTeocroma (N Am.) Etheostoma—a genus of darters aTmenul etlunoid (bone) aTponayc, aTponmoc Etroplus—an Indian genus of cichlids 1151TriliCTEilii a. "spotted Et roplus" (E. maculatus)

293 aciwinnprg acimumnii ephippium, egg sac (of cladocerans) 9dmInnoBbie spadefishes, Ephippidae axe.nA,Ewsbie "worm-eels", Echelidae annionaSrreye echinopluteus—a larval stage of sea urchins 3X1z1H0p14HX63 echinorhynchosis (infestation by the acanthocephalan Echi- norhynehus) walypAA echiurid; (pl.) Echiuroidea (a Class of annelids) axo3anac "echo-stock"—the stock .of fish in a region as estimated by an acoustic survey axoaoKàumg echo location 3xo,a6T echo sounder (see also aoumpoBàFilie)

294 maelià,iimibrei juvenile, immature rox6aa (Kamchatka) dried salmon, used for human food or dog food IbICCOBCK351 60T1é3Hb see 60J1é3Hb ibmcep (E Atl.) rainbow wrasse (Coris julis) mopcKôii m. 1. = ibEncep; 2. "angular wrasse" (Cous angulata,)—possibly the sanie as the preceding lop (Baikal) Macrohectopus—a pelagic amphipod ibpcmuil (rleplio,a) (geol.) (period)

295 s-i6aHn the hiemal form of the gegarkuni race of Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan) g6Apy jabiru stork 6pa31Izbertmil g. Brazilian jabiru (Jabiru mycterica) SIBR6unta (Ukr.) = 6o6bipég—Don chub SirCWIRK = cpé,zumil xpôtumen—whimbrel st3Éix 1. tongue; 2. speech, language; 3. = mopcic6i1 H. BOCTÔTIFIbIk' mopcm6i1 51. "oriental tonguefish" (Symplutrus orientalis) )1(ê.71Tb1el M0pCKUI H. yellow sole (Solea lutea) aesocropômille mopcidie 513bIKÉ tonguefishes, Cynoglossidae mopcw5ei H. 1. (NE Atl.) sole (Solea, vulgaris); 2. (pli Soleidae; 3. (NE Pac.) a "sole" of the genus IVIicrostomus; 4. ( fasciatus); 5. ( maculatus); 6. (N Afr.) sole (Quensela azewia); 7. (Aust.) flounder (Rhonzbosolea); 8. tongue- fish (); 9. (SW Atl.) sole (Symphurus plagusia); 10. (SE Atl.) tonguefish (Austroglossus microlepis); 11. (pl.) tongue- fishes, Cynoglossidae nwtocà-rbi`É R. lined sole () ripasocropenume mopcxÉe 5{3bIKÙ soles, Soleidae cpeAmemHomôpckel R. Spanish ling, Mediterranean ling (Maya macro- phthatma = M. elongata) mepHom6pcmpiri R. "Black Sea sole" (Solea lascaris nasuta) uëpHbIfi mopcxôil SI. black cow tongue (Rhinoplagusia japonica) H. fl5ITHñC.Thlti (E Atl.) "spotted sole" (Solea hexophthalma) H. ceneràabcmil (E Atl.) "Senegal tonguefish" (Cynoglossus senegalensis) RIE5HCKlel mopcert tiëpHuil mopcx611 H. gsùuulag (Kocrb) glossohyal (bone) H31IRlibIrl 1. lingual, tongue (adj.); 2. linguistic g-Flag nzacrihixa lingual plate (bearing teeth in some fishes) g3b1ta6K a sole of the genus Rhinoplagusia SI. "Japanese little sole" (R. japonica) 413b ide, orfe (Leuciscus idus) am37pcxmil 51. "Amur ide" (L. waleckii) 3cooT6i1 R. golden orfe—an ornamental form of L. idus TymauràFicmull H., TyMéHbcK14i si. "Tumen ide" (L. waleckii tumensis) Typitecràxciadi R. "Turkestan ide" (L. idus oxianus) RÉP11-114K ovary gfiu,e136,a oviduct flfill,eK7lae,3ial,mil egg-laying, oviparous sucàfia jacana (Jacana)—a marsh bird ascrpaanificKag H. Australian jacana (Irediparra gallinacea) amepmcàricKag H. American jacana (Jacana spinosa) acl)pHxàficxasi R. African jacana (Actophilornis africanus) RH,a1UCKaR H. Indian jacana, bronze-winged jacana (Metapodius indicus) clia3axoxBôcTaii H. water pheasant (Hydrochirurgus phasianus) 296

FiKo6bi

sixo6u supposedly, as though eiltopb 1. anchor; 2. rotor, armature (of a motor) Boanw5i1 H., naaeSrqwg H. sea anchor WI yawl (a kind of small sailboat) (Ukr.) = eaéli—dace el.noean (pÉi6a) non-breeding fish sima pit, depression (in a river bed), pool nmâtiKa = 60abureraban ceab,ab—E/ops surràpica amber shell (Succinea putris) SHIDIDICH Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus) sinômca = maHeapenixa—mandarin duck op a steep sandy shore nposôii vernal (of anadromous fishes, individuals which enter a river with well developed sexual products and spawn during the same year—compare 031IMIDIel) sipyc (pl. npyca) 1. stratum, formation (of rock); 2. storey (of a house); 3. = KplO4KI5BbIti sipyc 1(61MbIti H. bottom-set long-line Kplotutélemil H. set-line, long-line, line-trawl no,asecHbel R. off-bottom long-line Tymze.a6exbdi H. tuna long-line npyconomAmmt long-line lifter ACTI;IIC ovaries plus their membranes sicTÉNKa ovary smelt mesh (of a net) (see war) tinzepmua lizard nàpycHaz A. water lizard (Hydrosaurus amboinensis) napycoxesk-rall n. = nàpycHasi sugeporaàe, nu.keporo.n6e lizardfish (Synodus saurus); (pl.) , Synodidae (see also pÉi6a-numai1.a, 3co) zumixopÉraiee H-Bbl true lizardfishes (Synodus) HH2Lñ ÇÏCKHIi H. "Indian lizardfish" (Saurida tumbil) Koponconëpbei H. "shortfin lizardfish" (Saurida elongata) Koponcopaniii H. snakefish (Trachinocephalus myops) xpàcxbef A. red lizardfish (Synodus synodus = S. variegatus) 06b1KHOBélili1lâ A. inshore lizardfish (Synodus f oetens) nepyàxcmmil H. Peruvian lizardfish (Synodus evermanni) nueporeeble, nueporoaCiebie lizardfishes, Synodontidae, Synodidae

297

INDEX

Index

A Acanthorhodeus 54 Acanthostracion 120 abaft 189 Acanthuridae 271 abalone 264, 265 Acanthurus 271 abandoned river channel 240 accidental 232 abdomen, abdominal 26, 27 acclimation 4, 194, 195 ability 239 acclimatization 4, 195 Ablennes 216 accounts 244 Abrarnis 20,101 accumulation 230 ballerus 226 Acer 101 brama 127 Acerina 68, 69, 87, 158 melanops 212 acetabulum 195 sapa 20 Achirus 296 Abrau 216 Achoerodus 57 absorption 263 Achyla 216 absorption coefficient 112 Acilius 191 Abudefduf 3, 97 Acinacea 137 abundance 149, 159, 186, 283 acinus 78 dynamics of 62 Acipenser 167 index of 85 baeri 96, 111, 130, 167, 241 of a year-class 149 dabryanus 167 abundant 262 giildenstiidti 167 abysmal, abyssal 3, 241 medirostris 167 abyssal (region) 3, 48 nudiventris 286 Abyssocottus 287 ruthenus 96, 241, 282 abyssopelagic region 3 schrencki 167 Acanthalburnus 281 sinensis 167 Acanthaster 34 stellatus 219 Acanthistitts 162, 163 sturio 167, 286 Acanthobdellida 182 Acipenseridae 167 acanthocephalan, Acantho- Acoela 256 cephala 3, 104, 156, 192, acorn 71, 73 230, 286, 294 acorn barnacle 16, 71 acanthocephalosis 3 Acorus calamus 3, 108 Acanthocepola 275 acoustic 294 Acanthocybium 33 Acrania 22 acanthodian 278 acre-foot 4 Acanthogobius 29, 30 Acrochordus 78 Acantholiparis 129 Acropoma, Acropomidae 4 Acanthopagrus 94, 95 Acrothoracica 202 Acanthopsetta 91 Actinia 4 Acanthopterygii 104, 161 actinian, Actiniaria 4, 10, 274

301 Actinopterygii 134 alabalakh 7 Actinozoa, actinozoan 10, 108, 190 Alabes 258 activity 4, 184 alaman 7 Actophilornis 296 Alaria 8, 93 8, 217 adaptation 4, 195, 263 alasha 8, 255 add 64 albacore 8 adder 44, 260 albatross 64 adequate 194 Albatrossia Albulidae 8, 221, 234 adhesive disc 184 Albula, 20 adipose fin 183 albumen 537 adoral 161 Albuneidae 28, 35, 244 adult 36, 108 Alburnoides 260 Aedes 105 Alburnus Aeoliscus 117, 157 Alca 44 78 Aeropsis 68 Alcedinidae Aeshna, Aeschna 109, 293 Alcedo 78 133 aestivation 189 Alces 8, 29 Aethia 107 Alcichthys 88, 283 Aetobatus 166,228 Alcidae 108, 208 affluent 196 Alcyonaria, alcyonarian 208 agar 10 Alcyonium age, age-group 39, 41, 56, 60, alder 164, 223 76, 98, 101, 103, 116, 147, alder fly 24, 37 158, 164, 200, 238, 253, Aldrichetta 99 268, 282 Aklrovania 8 age ridges (on whale teeth) 33 Alectis 8 121 aggregate 234, 235 Alectoris 179 aggregated 240 Alectrias 179 Agkistrorlon 290 Alectriinae 8 Aglantha 141 Alepisauridae 8 Aglossa 9 Alepisaurus 48 Agnatha 22 Alepocephalidae 48 Agonidae 3, 129, 173 Alepoceplzalus Agonomalus 3 Alestes 249 130 Agonopsis 129 alevin 192, 223 Agonus 129 alewife 105 agrakhana 220 alexin, alexine 21 agrakhanka 3 alfoncino 9, 10, 15, 38, 76, Agrammus 248 alga, Algae 93, 149, 157, 161, 206, 223, Agrostis 190 226, 238, 269 Ahnfeltia 10 air bladder 200 (see also swim algology 8 bladder) alimentary canal, alimentary 75, 93, 169 air hole 200 tract 278 air-lift 293 Alisma 289 Aix 139 alkalinity

302 Allee, W. C. 164 amaryllis family 173 allies 269, 290 ambassador 193 alligator, Alligator 8 Ambassis 163 alligatorfish 13, 129, 173 ambergris 9 Alligatoridae 8 amberjack 109, 123, 223, 226 allochthonous 8 Ambloplites 9 Allocyttus 235 Amblyopsidae 96, 232 Alloteuthis 89 Amblyopsis 232 Allothunnus 255 Amblyrhynchus 83 allowance 204 ambulacral groove 25 alluvium 153 arnbulacral plate 184 Alnus 164 ambulatory 272 aloft 42 Ambystoma 4, 8 alongshore 194 Ambystomidae 8 Alopecurus 18, 130 amelioration 141 Alopex 129, 177 Amera 156 Alopias 5, 7, 129, 130 Amia 9, 84 Alosa 3, 8, 77, 192, 199, 219, 220 Ainicula 271 aestivalis 226 ammocoete 178 africana 137, 267 Ainmocrypta 9 alabama 285 Ammodytes 179 alosa 8, 221 Ammodytidae 179 brashnikovi 3, 64, 220 ammonite 9 caspica 185, 200, 220 Amoeba, Amoebidae 9 chrysoch loris 77 Amphelikturus 82 curensis 221 Amphibia, amphibians 9, 19, 78, fallax 267 241, 270 finta 221, 267 amphibious 9, 78 kessleri 22, 28, 36, 191, 220, amphiblastula larva 130 247,281 Amphineura, arnphineuran 23 mediocris 271 Amphioxus, Amphioxi 22, 124 ohiensis 285 Amphipnous, Amphipnoidae 122 pseudoharengus 192, 223 amphipod, Amphipoda 9, 17, 23, sapidissima 285 24, 202, 247 saposhnikovi 200 Amphiprion 9 sphacrocephala 200 Amphiuma, Amphiumidae 9 suworowi 200 amur 9, 107 volgensis 219, 220 Amyda 253 Alpheidae 202 amylase 9 Alphestes 56, 281 Anabaena 9 Alpheus 202, 204 Anabantidae 123, 138 alternating 176 Anabas 9, 190 Alutera 238 anabiocoenosis 9 Alutericbe 238 anabiosis, anabiotically 171, 175 Aluterus 67 Anableps 282 Alytes 70 Anacanthini 252

303 Anacanthobatidae 228 anglerfish 45, 101, 135, 165, 208, anaconda 9 259, 270, 275, 282, 284 Anadontostorna 221 anglesnout 52 anadromous 72, 133, 155, 161, angling 66, 75, 99, 148, 149, 186, 168, 198, 208, 221, 268, 297 188, 211, 212, 260, 288 anaemia 10 Anguilla 258, 259 A nago 106,259 Anguillidae 259 anal 9 Anguilloidei, Anguilliformes 259 anal fin 10, 63, 183,204 angular bone 258 anal opening 9 Anhima, Anhimidae 171 anal papilla 9 Anhirtga 78 Anarhichadidae 80 animal husbandry 72, 220 A narhichas 33, 80, 234 animalcule 85 A narrhichthys 80 A nisarchus 135 Anas 97, 119, 218, 252, Anisoptera 242 264, 283, 287 Anisotremus 97, 216 A nastomus 3 annelid, Annelida 10, 26, 41, 88, A nax 64 104, 139, 146, 182, 226, A nchoa 10 227, 294 anchor 34, 35, 169, 297 annual 49, 161 anchor chain 26 annual plant 161 anchor winch 26 annulus 104 anchorage 205 anoa 10 anchoveta 10, 11 A nodonta, Anodontidae 18, 19 anchoviella, Anchoviella 10 Anodontostoma 256, 277 anchovy 10, 11, 99, 103, 128, A nomalops, Anomalopidae 267 223, 242, 253, 269 anomalous 170 A ncistrodon 290 anomaly 169 A ncylopsetta 92 Anomura 202 andruga minnow 10 Anopheles 105 A ndura 12 Anopla 155 anemia 10 A noplagonus 129 Anemone 10 A noplarchus 179 anemone, sea anemone 4, 10, 46, A noplogaster 214 274 A noplopoma 258 anemone fish 9 Anoplopomatidae, Anoplo- Anemonia 4 pomidae 10, 258 angel 9 A noptichthys 10 angel shark 9, 204 Anostomidae 10 angelfish 9, 83, 184, 209, 289 Anostraca 70 Angelica 66 A notopterus, Anotop- angle 259 teridae 10, 100 angle-tooth 258 A nous 115 anglemouth 275 A nser 58, 88, 181 angler 188, 211, 212, 226, 259, Anseres, Anseriformes 184 282, 284 Antarctic 79, 159

304 antelope 103 fishing 166 antenna 207, 245, 262, 263 food-capturing 93 Antennariidae 70, 102, 150, 210 respiratory 200 Antennarius 70, 101, 102, 150 Weberian (of a fish) 33 anthelminthic 90, 173 appearance 36 Anthias 10 Appendicularia, appendi- Anthozoa, anthozoan 10, 108, cularian 11, 197 190 appendix 169, 195 Anthropogene 10 approach 188 Anthropoides 73, 114 approximability 11 Anthus 106, 289 approximately 263 anti-twist device 197 Aprion 134 antibody 106 Aptenodytes 181 Antigonia 10, 207, 211 Apteronotus 157 Antimora 10, 152 Apterygota 175 Antipodocottus 10 Aptocyclus 136, 150, 210 Anura, anuran 9, 22, 198 Apus 242, 290 anus 9, 204 aqualung 4, 187 Aonyx 41 aquarium, aquarium fishes 10, 16, Apeltes 105 26, 59, 89, 97, 101, 106, 107, aperture 169, 203, 289 125, 143, 147, 152, 165, 200, Aphanopus 214 203, 215, 248, 276, 293 Aphetohyoida 278 aquatic 204 Aphredoderidae 14 Aquila 21, 166 Aphredoderus 181 Aquilegia 51 Aphrodite 150 arabach 12 Aphya, Aphia 23, 30 arabana 12 Aphyocypris 35 arachnid, Arachnida 174, 290 Aphyosemion 14, 266 Arama 12 Apiosoma 11 arapaima, Arapaima 12 apiosomosis 11 Arbacia 68 Aplacophora 25 arbitrary 263 Aplocheilus 218 Arca 12 Aplochiton 11 Arcmza, Arcanidae 12 Aplochitonidae 198 arch 66 Aplodinotus 16, 40, 53 gill 48, 66, 70 Aplysia 76 archerfish 26 Apoda 9, 50, 51 Archiannelida 104 apodal 19, 50 Archihirudinea 182 Apodes 50, 259 Architeuthis 89 Apogon 11 Archosargus 95, 210, 216, 284, Apogonichthys 11 286 Apogonidae 11, 95 Arciidae 12 Aporrhais 157 arctic 79, 191 Apostomata 85 Arctogadus 252 apparatus 11 Arctophila 12

305 238 Arctoscopus 39 articular (bone) 184 Ardea 274, 279 Articulata 109 Ardeola 274, 279 artificial feeding area 4, 189 Arum 12 arum, bog or water 12, 20 Arenaria 92, 179 119, 190 Arenicola 178 Arvicola Argentina 12, 223 asabach 114 69 argentine 12, 110, 222, 223 Asbestopluma 136 argillaceous 48 Ascaphus 13, 181 Argirosoma 57 Ascidiacea, ascidian 234 Argonauta 12 Ascoldia 13 Argulidae 41 Ascophyllum Ascothoracida, ascothoracidian 13, argulosis 12 Argulus 12, 96 203 argus-fish 12 asdic 3 Argyrocottus 30 Asellus 167 235 Argyroneta 174 Aserragodes Argyropelecus 250 asexual 22 226, 227 Argyrops 246 asohos 4, 16, 19, 72, 103, 107, 115, Argyrosomus 53, 54 asp 135, 266, 270, 278, 286 Arhynchobdellida 182 195 Ariidae 12, 236 Aspasma Aristichthys 250 aspect 36, 292 51 Aristotle's lantern 268 Aspidochirota 13, 129, 290 Arius 12, 15, 22, 45, 236 Aspidophoroides 72, 135 arm 208 Aspiolucius hectocotylized 46 Aspius 72, 270 13 of a reservoir 184 Aspredinidae 236 armadillo 62 Aspredo 35,58,92,24%274,284 armature 297 Aspro 13, 287 armorhead 175 Asprocottus 234, 237 armour, armoured 173 assemblage 268 armoured fish 209 assembling 167 Arnoglossus 12, 91 assembly 196, 263 Arripidae 132 assimilation association 237 Arripis 12, 13, 68, 132 113, 202, 284 arrow 242 Astacus Aster 13 arrow-grass 253 aster, 77 arrow-worm 214, 242, 272 Asteroidca 129 arrowhead 242 Asterotheca 85 Artediellus 13, 29, 119 Astomata 106, 259 Artemia 140 Astroconger Astronesthidae 131 Artemisia 191 Astronesthes, arthropod, Arthropoda 143, 146, Astroscopus 77 165, 173, 174, 180, 200, 202, Astyanax 13 203, 247, 249, 253, 263, 270, 283 Astylosternus 135

306 Atelecyclidae 113 availability 65, 240 Ateleopidae 13, 131 available 84 Ateleopus 13, 131 avens 46 Atentaculifera 22 average 239 Athecae 280 Ayes 199 Atherestes 172 Avicula 71 Atherina, atherine, avicularia 3 Atherinidae 13, 234, 266 avocet 286 Atherinopsis 13 awae 118 Atherion 13 awl 286 Atka fish 248 awlwort 286 Atlantic 44, 231 axis 107 Atlantic salmon 75, 132, 133, 222 axolotl 4 AtlantNIRO 13 Axoniderma 69 atmosphere, atmospheric 118 Aythya 19, 158, 281 Atopomycterus 13 ayu 3, 14 Atractoscion 54 azabach 3 Atropa 114 Azov kilka 257 Atropus 13 Azygopterus 43 attack 84 Atyidae 116 Auchenipteridae 235 auger 218 bachelor (fur seal) 272 auk 44, 135, 240, 256, 283 Bacillariaceae 38 auklet 19, 44, 90, 107, 122, 200, Bacillus 284 247, 256, 283 back 238 Aulacocephalus 56 background 267 Aulichthys 105 backswimmer 48 Aulopidae, Auloptts 14 backwater 32, 74, 76, 188 Aulorhynchidae, 14, bacteria, bacterial 38, 76, 284 105 Badis 15 Aulostomatophora 254 bafaro 162 Aulostomidae, Aulostomus 267 baffle 175 Aurelio 14, 141 bag 143 auricularia larva 14 of a seine 148, 194 Australian Region 159 bag net 224 Australian salmon 12 Bagarius 15 Australuzza 17 Bagre 236 Austrocobitis 3 Bagridae 110, 236 Austroglossus 14, 90, 296 Baikalospongia 57 Austrosparus 127 Bairdiella 53, 207 autochthonous 3, 268 bait 45, 84, 101, 151, 165, 188, automobile 140 189, 195, 233, 259 autopsy 41 Balaena 100 autumn 167 Balaeniceps 100 Auxis 14, 25, 255 Balaenidae 100

307 Balaenoptera 191 bareback 238 acutorostrata 144, 190 barge 285 borealis 82, 100, 190, 219 Barilius 17 edeni 191 bark 16, 168 muscu/us 100, 190 barnacle 16, 71, 88, 202, 203, physalus 100, 191, 267 263, 264 Balaenopteridae 190 whale 202 Balanoglossus 16, 250 barracouta 17, 205 Balanus 16, 71 barracuda 17, 226, 244, 290 baldpate 218 barracudina 291 Balearica 73 barramunda 17, 207 baleek 16, 99 barrel 25, 160 baleen 100,262 barrel tunicate 25 baleen whale 100 barreleye 165 Balistes 67, 121, 238 barrelfish 47 Balistidae 67, 238 barricade 75 balloonfish 68 barrier 75 ballyhoo 191 base 15, 140, 167 BaltNIRO 16 nutritive 15 band 190 basic role 34 bandeng 269 Basilichthys 15 bandfish 210, 275 basin 17, 246 banding (of birds) 104 for ships 103 bango 269 basioccipital (bone) 76, 187 bank (of a river) 21 basipterygoid (bone) 15 Bankia 65, 186,279 basis 15 bar 176, 190 basisphenoid (bone) 15 sand, gravel 133, 153 basket 109 tooth 35 basket trap 35, 155 barb 172, 174 bass 123, 162, 163, 164, 223 barbel 18, 24, 107, 139, 145, Alexandria sea 143 150, 187, 214, 243, 248, black 164 254, 262, 263, 286 black sea 164, 243 Barbodes 200 Brazilian sea 162 Barbourisia 17 bronze sea 143, 163 Barbus calico 89 barbus 139, 145, 262, 263 Chinese 14, 68, 69 brachycephalus 262, 263, 286 crimson 10 capito 27, 214, 248, 263, 286 giant sea 143, 162 ciscaucasicus 263 Ishinaga's giant 162 goktschaicus 18, 262, 263 largemouth 162, 268 lacerta 263 mountain 120 meridionalis 262 mud 162 mursa 150 Patagonian sea 163 tauricus 263 Peruvian rock 88 bare 51 red sea 143

308 rock 9 Bdelloidea 104 sand 123 Bdellostoma 144 Schlegel's 93 beach 198 sea, sea- 53, 92, 123, 143, beach flea 23 162, 163, 223, 243 (see also beak 102 seabass) beaked dolphin 102 smallmouth 163 beaked whale 21, 61, 102, 183, southern rock 88 205 splittail 65 beaker 120,278 stone 190 beam striped 123, 163 of light 134 white sea 162 square 26 Bassogigas 17 beam trawl 22, 131 bat 150, 156, 158, 184, 240 bean 23 fishing 212 bear 76, 141 batch 151, 176, 193 polar 141, 170 batfish 132, 156, 165, 210 water 249 bathophil 18 beard-worm 186 Bathophilus 18 bearded seal 76 Bathyagonus 129 beardfish 17, 21, 25, 190 bathyal (region) 18 beardling 25 Bathyclupea 221 beat (fish into nets) 25 Bathyclupeidae 18, 127, 221 Beaufort scale 16 Bathydraco, B athydraconidae 185 beaver 23 Bathylaco, Bathylaconidae 17, 18 Beckmannia 19 Bathylagus, Bathylagidae 18 bedlamer 223 Bathymaster, Bathymasteridae 18 bedstraw 188 bathypelagial, bathypelagic (region) beetle 56, 64, 181, 186 18 blister 73 Bathypterois, Bathypteroidae 18 bog 24 Bathysauridae 18 diving 55, 183, 191,230 Bathystoma 207 longhorn 262 baton 172 mud 249 Batrachemys 280 pond 198 batrachian 9, 78 slime 84 Batrachocephalus 236 snout 88 Batrachocottus 178, 287 tiger 227 Batrachoides 28 water 181, 183, 186, 285 Batrachoididae 18, 70 water scavenger 38 Batrachoseps 215 wrinkled water 148 bay 28, 56, 184 beggars' ticks 279 Baikal 237 behaviour 186, 268 narrow 268 aggregative 240 shallow 121 behind 189 small 58 belemnite 19 bayou 84 bell 104

309 bellflower 104 bigeye 97, 164, 194 belly 26, 121 bighead 24, 250 of a trawl 148 bight (of a line) 231 belly-flap 249 bilge 64, 135 Belone 20, 216, 290 billfish 108, 137, 174, 290 Bclonidae 216, 290 binary 59 Bcloniformes 216 bindweed 43, 250 Belorussia 222 Binghamichthys 48 belt 194 biocenosis 9, 22 beluga (whale) 20 biogeographical 128 beluga sturgeon 20 biomass 22, 107, 113, 196, 212 flesh of 20 bipinnaria (larva) 22 smoked belly flaps of 23 bird 15, 101, 199, 226, 242, 254 Bembropsidae 21 marsh 12, 223, 296 bend 260 sea 48 bends, the 99 shore 120, 206, 249, 256, 260, beneficial 190 272, 273 benthal, benthic (see benthos) Birge, E.A. 21 Benthalbella 71 Birgus 40 Benthobatis 229 birth 130, 289 benthopelagic 195 birthmark 262 benthophage, benthophagous 21 bishop's mitre 285 Benthophiloides 29, 199 bit 218 Benthophilus 199 bitch 243 benthos 21, 65, 79, 85, 113, bite 101, 189 174, 293 biting 101 benthos-eater 21 bitterling 45, 47, 54, 94, 200 Benthosaurus 21 Amur 54, 237 Berardius 21, 183 Chan-ka 54 Berg, L.S. 222 Light's 54 Bero 21,30 spiny 54 Beroe 160 bittern 27, 28, 40, 42 Berosus 181 little 40, 42, 274 Berycidae 21 sun 274 beryciform 141, 214 bivalve, Bivalvia 60, 222 Beryx 21 black fly 149 bester 22 black-eye 93,281 besugo 22, 155, 156 blackbelly 71, 188,281 Betta 180,212 Amur 281 between decks 247 blackbrow 153, 281 bib 252, 266 blackcod 10, 258 Bibio 105 blackfin 281 bichir 22, 146 blackfish 57, 59, 61, 93 Bidens 279 Alaska 59,281 biennial (plant) 60 blacksmith 120 bifurcation 63 blackspot disease 74, 153, 281

310 bladder 87, 200 blood 106, 189 bladderwort 200 blood gill 70 Danube 8 bloodsucker 182 blade 132 bloodworm 148 blasting 74 bloom 76, 274 Blattidae 247 algal 274 bleak 16, 18, 33, 35, 64, 92, water 274 214, 217, 219, 222, 260, blow, blowing (of whales) 268 285, 293 blow hole, blow-hole, blowhole 66, Alazan 260 169, 200 Azerbaijan 260 blubber 40 Caspian 260 blue bream 51, 226, 227, 237, 278 Kura 217, 222, 260 blue whale 23, 100,190 Persian 260 blue-mouth 163 Blennius, Blenniidae 211, 234 blueback 227 blenny 101, 198, 211 bluebell 104 bigmouth 234 bluefish 127, 134 Black Sea 234 bluegreen, blue-green (see alga) butterfly 234 bluehead 246 Chaplin's 234 boa, Boa 259 combtooth 234 boar 219 common 234 boa-fish 10, 34, 88, 93, 175, 207, dog 211 211, 286 Dybowsky's 140 boat 15, 21, 88, 95, 154, 206, eel 20, 135 235, 251, 258, 260, 266 four-eyed 234 boat-day 243 kelp 150 boatman, water 55 Montagu 234 bobbin 102 mossy-head 234 boccacio 23 peacock 234 Bodianus 211, 240 robust 101 body 63, 247, 256 scaly 101,234 bodzhak 23 scalyhead 140 bog 24 snake 133,135 bog arum 20 sphinx 234 bog bean 33 tentacled 234 bog beetle 24 viviparous 20 boga 23 Yarrell's 234 bogue 24, 25, 190 Zvonimir's 234 Boletus 282 Blepsias 29, 30, 31 bollard 102, 207 Blepsiidae 30 Bombay duck 24 Blicca 58 Bombina 72 blister beetle 73 bone, 51, 75, 98, 111, 130 bloater 219 bonefish 8, 221 block 23 bongo 24 blonde 23, 223 bonitation 25

311 bonito 25, 47, 174, 175 bowline 290 bonnetmouth 114 Box 190 bony fishes 111,209 box 120,223 bony-tongues 12 boxfish 12, 120 booby 164 brace line 260 book 103 brachiolaria (larva) 26 Boops 25, 190 brachiopod, Brachiopoda 26, 184, border 88 202, 208 Boreal zone 79 Brachycephalus 109 Boreogadus 214, 252 Brachycera 150 borer, boring animal 186, 218, 226 Brachydanio 59 boss 287 Brachydeuterus 169, 207 Botaurus 28, 42 Brachygalaxias 26 Bothidae, Bothiidae 89, 91, 207 Brachymystax 125 Bothnia, Gulf of 25 Brachyopsis 129 bothriocephalosis 25 Brachyramphus 200 Bothriocephalus 25 Brachyura 202 Bothrocarichthys 232 bracken 166 B othus 25 brackish 235, 290 Botia 43 brail 21, 102, 243 bottle 230 brail frame 203 bottle brush 69 Brama, Bramidae 25, 26, 127, 192 bottlenose (whale) 25, 28 branch 36 bottlenose dolphin 14 branched 36, 201 bottom 21, 64, 154,293 branched ray 134 false 64 branchial arch 66 of a body of water 56, 64, Branchiobdellidae 182 184, 195, 230 Branchiomyces 26 plankton 64 branchiomycosis 26, 48, 70 ship's 64 branchionecrosis 26 bottom animals 79, 242 branchiopod, Branchiopoda 26, bottom fauna 21, 65, 85, 174 202, 203, 290 bottom fish 13, 21, 65,208 branchiostegal membrane 70 bottom flora 21 branchiostegal ray 70, 134 bottom grab 64, 230 Branchiostegidae 23 bottom sampling station 64 Branchiostegus 8 Botula 267 Branchiostoma 124 bouillon 27 Branchiura, branchiuran 12, 70, boulder 33 213 boulder-clay 217 Brandtothuria 51 Bovichthys, Bovichthyidae 289 brant 88, 155 bow (of a ship) 99, 231 Branta 88 bow net 28 Brasenia 25 bowfin 9, 84 Brazhnikov shad 220 bowhead whale 100 bread 94 bowl 278 breaded fish 209

312 breadth 286 breast 56 breakers 194 breathing organ 123 bream 41, 48, 95, 102, 124, 127, Brechites 125 136, 165, 171, 188, 212, 227, breed 96, 19 2 238, 27 8 breeders, breeding stock, brood annular 95, 124 stock 196, 198, 209, 240 Aral 127 breeding colour 2 6 axillary (sea) 161, 171 breeding ground 75 Azerbaijan white 58 breeding stock (see breeders) banded rock 157 breeze 21 8 black 95 Breg»zaceros 26 black Amur 93, 127 Breviceps 260 black sea 93, 95, 127 BPCVOOrtla 142, 150 Bleeker's sea 246 bridle (for a horse) 260 blue 51, 226, 227, 237, 278 bridle (of a net) 26, 58, 196, blue-spotted 17 1 260 bronze 171 bridle, purse-ring 260 Canary 171 brighteye 218 cardinal sea 246 striped 21 8 Caribbean sea 284 brill 26, 89, 90, 207 Couch's sea 171 brine 255 crimson sea 246 brine shrimp 140 eastern 127, 277 brine-fly 21 Ehrenberg's sea 171 brisling 288 gilt-head 78, 95, 238 brittle star 78, 169 immature 103, 180 broadnose 287 Macedonian 212 brolga 73 Peruvian rock 165 brood 41, 189, 262 Ray's 25, 127, 192 brood fish 209 red 21, 17 1 brood pouch 4 1 red sea 95, 127 brood stock (see breeders) rough sea 127 brook 207, 208 sea 62, 127, 161, 171, 192, brooklime 35, 193 216, 24 6 broomrape 4 0 sheepshead 80 Brosme 142 silver 58 Brosmophycis 26 silvery sea 127 broth 2 7 snapper sca 246 Brotula 17, 26, 124, 170 Spanish 171 Brotulidae 26, 124 striped sea 17 1 brush, bottle 69 white 21, 28, 58, 89, 124, Bryostemma 234 132, 185, 205, 247, 248, 278 bryozoan, Bryozoa 2, 26, 150, white Amur 12 7 219, 238, 29 0 white-eyed 20, 60, 79, 101, Bubalus 10, 27, 246 111,27 8 bubble 199, 200 yellow sea 246 Bubo 267

313 bubonic disease (of barbels) 24 bush 122 Bubulcus 274 bustard Bubyr 27 great 66 Buccinum 254 Houbara 37, 62 Bucephala 49 little 242 buckbean 33, 253 Buteo 78 bucket 103 Butomus 244 buckwheat 55 Butorides 98 Buenia 29 butt (of a tree) 105 buffalo 10, 27, 246 buttercup 135 buffalo gnat 149 butterfish 18, 40, 140, 171, 192, buffalofish 27 193, 199, 242, 243 bufflehead 49 butterfly 102, 148, 174 buffoon 230 sea 119 Bu fo, Bufonidae 70 butterflyfish, butterfly fish 118, bug 101,230 148, 209, 289 bed 101 buzzard 78 water 38, 45, 48, 183 by-the-wind sailor 174 Bug River 29, 231, 233 byssus 22 building 109 bystranka 28 bulat-mai 27 Bythinella 261 bulk 160 relative 33 bull 28 bull rout 98 cabbage, sea 93 bullfrog 136 cabezon 31, 88, 149 bullhead 28, 31, 129, 188, 235, cabio 88, 223 236 cable 33, 56, 58, 88, 102, 105, bullseye 24, 97, 162 124, 187, 254, 262 bulrush 92, 93 cabrilla 269 bump 287 cachalot 98 bumper 27, 96, 166, 272 caddis fly 37, 200, 208, 268 Bunocephalidae 13 caecilian, Caeciliidae 212, 279 bunting, reed 93, 160 caecum 195 buntline 28 Caesio 274 buoy 25, 27, 36, 140 cage 205, 223 line 27 caiman, Caiman 88 pole 36 caisson 99 rope 27 Calamagrostis 34 buoyant eggs 84 Calamoichthys 146 bur-reed 68, 158 Calamus 18, 90, 94, 95, 192, 227 burbot 142, 145, 146, 152, 187, Calanoida 89 196 Calanus 89, 90 Burhinus 3 calbasu 89 Eursaria 85 Calcarea 57, 83 Buscyon 242 Calcispongia 57

314 calculate 42 environmental 68 calculator 244 for flocking or schooling 240 Calemus 42 cape 151, 157 calendar year 266 Cape pigeon 51 calibration 55 capelin 65, 146, 214, 252, 259, Calidris 115, 120, 178, 273, 281 260 caligosis 89 Capella 19, 66 Caligus 89 Caperea 100 Calla 20 caplin (see capelin) Callianassa, Callianassidae 202 Capnia 36 Callichthyidae 89, 173 Capoetobrama 168 Callichthys 89 Caprella 103 Callinectes 113 Caprimulgus 103 Callionymidae 129, 177 Caprodon 93 Callionymus 150, 177, 210 Caproidae 34, 88, 93, 175, Calliostoma 40 207, 211 Callitriche 24 Capros 93 Calliurichthys 129 capsule, ear 202 Callorhinus 111, 219 captain 54, 93 Callorhynchus, Callorhynchidae captainfish 53, 93, 210 89, 271 capture, capturing 131, 189 Cantina 34 capybara 38, 93 Callyodon 57 caramote 116 calm 176 carangid, Carangidae 8, 94, 137, Calopteryx 115 220, 239, 240, 271, 272, Caltha 89 274, 290 calves of the leg 84 Carangops 94 calyptopis (larva) 89 Caranx 94, 137, 239, 240 Cambaroides 202 carapace 173, 202, 290 Cam barus 113, 202 Campus, carapid, Carapidae 34, Cambrian (period) 98 94, 210, 212, 248, 292 camotillo 92 Carassius 79, 94, 95, 212 Campanula 104 Carboniferous (period) 92, 95 Cam postoma 92 carcass 233, 256 canal 93 Carcharhinidae 4, 5 Cancer, Cancridae 113 Carcharhinus 4, 5, 6, 7 candiru 33, 93, 237 Carcharias 4, 5, 6, 7 candlefish 110 Carchariidae 6 canine tooth 102 Carcharodon 4, 96 cannery 74 Carcinus 113 canoe, dugout 17 Cardamine pratensis 222 Cantharu.s. 93, 95, 127 Cardiidae 222 Cantherinus 238 cardinalfish 11, 95, 127 canyon 93 Cardiutn 95, 222 cap 285 Carduelis 289 capacity 149, 239 Careproctus 95, 129

315 Caretta 280 Caspiomyzon 145 Carettochelys 280 Caspiosoma 97 Carex 168 Cassia 287 cargo 222 cast 74, 75 Caristius, Caristiidae 55, 95, 96 cast-net 151 22, 95, 97, 173, 181 carnation 46 castaneta carnero 33 Castor 23 carnivore, carnivorous 186, 271 casual 36, 293 carp 10, 24, 26, 41, 59, 74, 87, cat 111, 112, 165 88, 96, 109, 115, 149, 156, blue sea 33, 80 166, 168, 180, 186, 188, 194, fishing 112 214,285 marsh 111,270 black 9, 115, 186, 200, 254 spotted sea 80 Chinese 9, 293 cat-tail 207 crucian 94 catabolic 63 198, 208 eastern 214 catadromous (fish) grass 9 catalufa 97, 196 Kura 96, 115 cataract 192 42, 64, 176, 196, leather 96 catch (noun) mirror 96, 192 261 ordinary 96 bonus 195 pond 96 commercial 261 Ropsha 96 incidental 195 scaled 96 poor 154 scarlet 178 catch (verb) 42 silver 20, 250, 293 catch curve 116 wild 96, 214 catch per unit effort 261 carp louse 96 catch quota 107, 128 carp sphaerosporosis 244 catch statistics 62 carpenter 186 catch trends 62 Carpiodes 96 catchability 260 carpsucker 96 catching 131, 189 carrageen, carrageenin, carraghen catfish 12, 13, 15, 33, 45, 80, 89, 96, 149 98, 110, 112, 156, 235, carry-over 168 236, 237, 269, 286 Cartesian coordinates 107 African glass 235 cartilage 126, 273 amphibious 235 cartilage bone 111 Amur 235 Caryophyllaeus 46, 95 angel 236 caryophyllosis 95 Aristotle's 236 Casarca 13, 264 Armenian mountain 236 cascade 97, 192 armoured 89, 132, 173, 236 cask 25 bagrid 110 Caspialosa 199, 220 banded 110,230 Caspian salmon 99, 132 bigeye 235 Caspian Sea 7 blackbelly 237

316 bloodsucking 180 Soldatov's 236 Brazhnikov's 110 soldier 236 Brazilian sea 235 South American 13, 236 brown walking 235 South American armoured 26 bullhead 236 spiny 236 candiru 93, 237 spotted 12 chaca 236 stonesucker 237 Danube 235 striped sea 236 dusky 12 toothless 12 Dussumier's 12 transparent 236, 286 dwarf 110 Turkestan 237 eel-tailed 236 upside down 237 electric 236 urine 237 estuarine 110 urinophilous 93 Eurasian 236 Ussuri 110, 184 feather-barbelled 237 walking 235, 236 figured 12 Catla 97 freshwater 236 Catostomidae 106, 284 froghead 236 Catostomus 284 gafftopsail 236 catshark 5, 6 gassar 45 caudal fin 183 giant 12 caudal peduncle 42, 241 glass 236, 286 Caudata 9, 270 golden 236 cauduin 270 Herzenstein's 110 caudy 47, 97 Indian 145, 236, 269 cauliflower 93 Indian glass 236 cauliflower head 93 little sea 237 Caulolatilus 17, 88, 124 long-whiskered 12 cavalla 88, 94, 239 mailed 237 cavefish 10, 96, 232, 272 marine 22 caviar 84, 139 mountain 236 caviar sieve 56 Paraguayan 156 cavity 37, 41, 191 Peruvian sea 236 gill 70 sabalo 22 cayman (see caiman) saber 12 ceiling 171 sack-gill 236 cell (of a battery) 292 sagor 15 Celsius 241 sculptured 12 Cenozoic (era) 88 sea 12, 45, 235, 236 Centigrade 241 serrate 12 centipede 146 shortnose 12 centner 274 sisorid 15 Centracanthidae 232 skin-womb 236 centrarchid, Centrarchidae 164, small 236 232, 274 small-eyed 12 centrina 274

317 Centriscidae 19, 117, 157 cervical 285 Centriscops 19 Ceryle 77, 78 95, 125, 253, Centriscus 157 Cestoda, cestode tapeworm) Centroberyx 21 275 (see also centrolophid, Centrolophidae 33, Cestus 34, 194 47, 223, 275 cetacean, Cetacea 60, 200 Centrolophus 164, 275 Cetengraulis 10 Centropistis 164 Cetomimus, Cetomimidae 100 Centropomidae 163, 206, 233, 275 Cetorhinus 4 Centropomus 206, 233 Ceyx 78 236, 269 Centropristis 164 Chaca, Chacidae Centroscymnus 6 chachi 246 Centurio 240 chacunda 277 Cephalacanthus 50 Chaenalopex 58 cephalaspid, Cephalaspidi- Chaenichthyidae 20 formes 275 Chaenocephalus 20 cephalic organ 86 Chaetoderma 67 156, 210, 211 Cephalocarida 275 Chaetodipterus 108, Cephalochorda(ta) 22, 51 Chaetodon, Chaetodontidae Cephalopholis 55, 56, 162, 243 209, 289 cephalopod, Cephalopoda 9, 19, Chaetodontoplus 289 51, 60, 153, 168, 282 Chaetogaster 289 Cephalorhynchus 61 Chaetognatha 242, 289 Cephaloscyllium 5, 6 Chaetopoda 289 cephalothorax 51, 275, 278 Chaetostomus 45 Cepola, Cepolidae 210, 275 chain 187, 223, 275 Cepphus 98,283 food 275 Cerambycidae 262 of mountains 275 Cerastoderma 222 of nets 223 Ceratias 275 Chalcalburnus 247, 285, 286 Ceratocottus 29 Chalineuria 64 ceratohyal (bone) 239 chamaco 277 Ceratophrys 206 Chamaedaphne 145 Ceratophyllum 207 chamber 92, 191 Ceratopogon 146 gill 70, 191 ceratopogonid, Ceratopogonidae Champsocephalus 20 146 Champsodontidae 269 cercaria 62, 275 Changa 162 cercus, cerci 157 change(s) 62, 76, 83, 103, Cercyon 56 104, 229 Cereopsis 58 Chanidae 269 Ceriantharia 275 Channa, Channidae 78 Cerithiidae 261 channel 93, 154, 191, 197, 208, cero 137 260 Cerorhinca 44, 256 abandoned 102, 240 certain 83 English 123

318 main 208, 242 Chauliodus, Chauliodontidae 44, navigation 266 270 side 68, 155, 197, 198, 208 Chauna 171 spawning 93 Chaunax, Chaunacidae 270 Chanodichthys 244 chebachok 278 Chanos, Chanidae 269 Chinese 278 Chaoboridae 176 Issyk-Kul 278 Chaoborus 105 check (on fish scales) 104 Chaparrudo 29 check mark (V) 45 chapingorro 277 cheechako 196 char 49, 171 Cheilodactylidae 62, 148 alpine 49, 172 Cheilodactylus 22, 95, 97, 173, arctic 49, 121 181 blackmouth 172 Cheilodipterus 11 Chukchi 49 Cheilopogon 127 deep-hole 171 Cheilotrema 244 Dolly Varden 49, 139, 268 Cheirodon 155 Dryagin's 49 chekhon 103 East Siberian 49 chela 101, 282 Frolikh 59, 114, 133 cheliceran, Chelicerata 270 lake 171 Chelidae 280 Lake Boganid 171 Chelidonichthys 179 Lake Yesei 171 Chelmon 209 Ludoga 155 Chelodina 279 neiva 154 Chelonia 280, 281 Sakhalin 121 Chelonia 279 sandbar 171 Chelonioidae 280 Yakut 49, 80, 233 Chelydra, Chelydridae 280 Chara 134, 269 Chelys 140 characin, characid, Characidae 13, Chen 58 101, 106, 155, 215, 248, 249, chestnut 166 269 water 166, 207 characinoid fishes, Characinoidei Chettusia 116, 180 10, 47, 101, 107, 125, 152, Chiasinodon 72, 189 251, 269, 293 chiasmodont, Chiasmodontidae character 184, 238 72, 89, 271 trophic 254 chickweed 77 characteristics 189 chidai 246 Charadriiformes 120 Chidoglanis 236 Charadrius 45, 80, 81, 206, 224, Chilatherina 201 255, 273 chilipepper 163 Charax 80 Chilodon 271 Charonia 253 Chilodonella 271 Charophyta 270 chilodonelliasis 271 chart 239 Chilogobio 178 Chauliodes 37 Chilopoda 146

319 Chiloscyllium 5 chop 284 chimaera, Chimaera, chopas 211 Chimaeridae 46, 271, 274 chord 272 Chimaerif ormes 271 Chordaria 272 Chimmaro gale 20 Chordata, chordate 12, 13, 22, chin 187 272 Chinemys 280 Chorinemus 272 Chinese 8, 60, 95, 100 Chorisochismus 264 chinook salmon 98, 277 Choromytilus 144 residual 168 chosen 83 Chioglossa 215 chowder, clam 147 Chione 34 Chromis 77, 97, 124, 273 Chionis 206 Chrysernys 280 Chionoecetes, Chionoecetidae 113, Chrysoblephus 127 114 Chrysophrys 95, 127 chir 283 Chrysops 78 Chirocentridae 221, 271 chub 49, 50, 51, 101,256 Chirocentrus 65, 221 Bermuda 101,208 Chirolophis 234 Caucasian 49 Chironectes 165 Caucasian lake 49 chironomid, Chironomidae 77, Don 23, 67, 89, 296 105, 148, 271 sea 101 Chironomus 77 whiskered 49 Chiroptera 150 chubsucker 284 chitinized 271 chuco 270 chiton 23, 173, 231, 271 chum salmon 80, 99, 124, 147, Chlamydomonas, Chlamydo- 191, 195, 222, 269 monadida 272 Cichlasoma 276 Chlamydoselachidae 6 cichlid, Cichlidae 249, 273, Chlamydoselachus 6, 184 276, 293 Chlamys 55 Cicindelidae 227 Chlidonias 115 Ciconia 3 Chloromyxum 71 Ciconiiformes 49 Chlorophthalmus, Chloroph- Cicuta 22, 36 thalmidae 77 cigarfish 119, 225, 240 Chlorophyceae 38 Ciliata 152 Chloroscombrus 96, 166, 272 Ciliata, ciliate 85, 86, 152, 205, Chlorothippus 106 254 Choanoflagellata 40, 71 Ciliophora 85 chock 100 cilium 71,205 Choeropsis 18 Cimex 101 Chologaster 272 Cinclus 164 Chondrichthyes 184, 273 cinquefoil 124 Chondrostei 167, 273 cipher 276 Chondrostoma 188 circuit 275 Chondrus 96, 149 circulus 189,230

320 circumference 160 jack-knife 279 circumoral 161 pea 54 circumoral teeth, of lampreys 35 pearl 71 cirque 93 Pismo 180 Cirrhibarbis 146 razor 279 Cirrhina 149, 205, 276 round 285 Cirrhites, Cirrhitidae 120 softshell 201, 203 Cirrhitichthys 120 surf 203 cirripede, Cirripedia 202, 203, tube 125 263 white 203 Cirrothauma 168 clamp, hose 272 cirrus 149 Clangula 14, 147 cisco 77, 213, 216, 219, 221, Clarias 235, 236 222, 255 Clariidae 101 arctic 165 class 101 Belozero 213 classification 56 European 213 Clavagellidae 125 Ladoga 206 clavicle 102 Onega 99 clayey 48 Penzhina 222 cléâning (a net of fish) 42 Pereslavl 213, 221 clear 151 Siberian 77, 106, 213, 221, clearing (a net of fish) 42 222 cleavage (of a fertilized egg) 66 Sosva 221 Cleidopus 211 Swedish 206 Cleisthenes 91 tugun 139, 221, 255 cleithrum 101, 102 Vodlozero 213 Clemrnys 280 White Sea 77, 213 clingfish 29, 103, 195, 211, 264 Citharichthys 90, 91, 276 clinic 101 Citharinidae 249 clinid, Clinidae 46, 101, 234 Cladocera, cladoceran 23, 36, 41, Clinocardium 222 202, 204, 219, 294 Clinocottus 31 Cladorhiza 69 Clinus 101 Cladorhynchus 272 Clioderma 90 clam 12, 34, 55, 60, 104, 108, Clione 57 128, 131, 137, 147, 157, clipper 101 166, 175, 179, 180, 202, Clonorchis 60 203, 214, 219 closed season 76 bar 203 closure 76 blood 117 clove-hitch 260 cherrystone 203 clover 253 coquina 66 clown 101 fingernail 285 clownfish 9 freshwater 55, 65, 108, 147 club-moss 184 giant 203 Clupanodon 102, 107, 221, 256 giant tube 125 Clupea

321 antipodum 288 coco 54 balticus 288 coconut crab 40 bassensis 288 cod 177, 189, 234, 235, 243,252 bentincki 220 antarctic 252 harengus 75, 214, 220 arctic 214, 252 pallasi 220 Atlantic 252 sprattus 99, 216, 288 Baltic 252 sprattus balticus 100 blue 173 clupeid, Clupeidae 34, 47, 58, butterfly 230 84, 99, 103, 180, 195, 202, capelin 252 220, 221, 282 Greenland 252 Clupeif ormes 220 grey 252 Clupeonella 99 Kildin 252 abrau 99,216 Korean 145 delicatula 100, 216, 219, 257 longfin 10 engrauliformis 99 Pacific 252 grimmi 99 polar 214, 252 Clupisudis 102 poor 252 clutch (of eggs) 101 rock 163 Clypeastroida 67 saffron 33, 151 Clytoceyx 78 toothed 60, 252 Cnidaria 242 wachna 33 Cnidosporidia, cnidosporidian 102, White Sea coastal 177, 252 144 cod-end, codend 98, 122, 143, coalfish 135, 190, 214 153, 243 coarse fish 209, 237 codlet 26 coast, coastal region 21, 75, coefficient 112, 230, 262 130, 194 F/B, P/B 113 cob 54 hanging 193 cobbler 236 trophic 254 cobia 103, 109, 156, 204, 223 coelacanth, Coelacanthini 274 cobitid, Cobitidae 43, 57 Coelenterata, coelenterate 4, 10, Cobitis 43, 289, 290 46, 79, 101, 108, 120, 141, coccidosis 103 174, 176, 190, 201, 227, coccinellid 23 242, 244, 251, 274, 275 coccolith 103 coelom 191 Cocconema 144 Coelorhynchus 190, 274 cochlea 260 Coenagrionidae 242 Cochlearis 278 coenocytium 274 Cocius 185 coho salmon 19, 98, 99, 133, 216 cock 179 residual 168 water- 93 coil 97 cockerel 179 coil (of rope) 28 cockle 95, 222 Coilia 103 cockroach 247 coiling (lines on a ship) 103 cockscomb 179 cojinoba 112

322 cold deck 97 competitor 106 cold tolerance 78 complement 105 Colisa 156 complex 105, 232 Colistium 90 composite 232 collar 40, 55, 272 composition 238, 268 collective 104, 212 of a fish stock 238, 268 Collembola, collembolan 23, 36, comprehensive 105, 232 157, 175 Compsothlypidae 174 Collichthys 53, 54 computation 244 Cololabis 214 compute 42 Colomesus 83 computer, electronic 244 colony 15 concentration (of fish) 111,241 colour 114, 233, 274 concept 153 Columbia 104 Conchifera 202 columbine 51 Conchostraca, concho- column 242 stracan 106, 107, 204 in a table 55, 242 condition 263 vertebral 189, 242 age, catch 238 Colynzbetes 198 coefficient of 262 Colymbus, Colymbidae 44 post-spawning 133 comb 55 condition factor 189, 262 comb mussel 55 allometric 262 comb shell 222 Clark's 262 comb-jelly 22, 34, 55, 119, 160, Fulton's 262 194, 201, 290 isometric 262 comber 269 Noskov's. 262 combfish 248 conditional index 263 combination 238 conditional statistic 263 combined 105, 235 conditioned reflex 263 coinbtooth 126 conditioning 194 come alongside 218 conditions 160 Cornephorus 51 environmental (see environ- cornet 105 ment) commerce 197 fishing 160 commercial 56, 197 weather 143 commercial concentration 111 condor 106 commercial fish 209 cone (of a gymnosperm) 287 commercial fishing 131 cone-shell 107 commercial return 112 coney 56 commercial size 143 confluence 40 commercial stock 76 congenital 262 Committee of Three 105 Conger 258, 259 community 196, 237 conger 149 compensation 105 conger (eel) 106, 258, 259 competition 106, 107, 153 Congioporlus 210 for food 106, 153, 181, 182 Congo eel 9

323 congolli 106 cord 34 Congridae 106, 258 Cordulia, Corduliidae 15 congrio 106 corduroy road 46 Congrogadidae 259 core sampler 254 congruent 239 Coregonus 154, 213, 219, 221, connector 76 222, 224 Conodon 55 albula 37, 99, 206, 213 consequently 247 artedii 213, 221 consideration 204 autumnalis 66, 154, 165 constant 107, 193 chadary 225 consumption 19 3 lavaretus 33, 133, 141, 154, index of 85 156, 224, 22 5 contact 96, 19 5 lenensis 25 5 continental shelf 169, 218, 285 muksun 66, 104, 149, 225 contingent 10 7 nasus 283 contour, depth 83 oxyrhynchus 224 contracaecosis 107 peled 175, 245 Contracaecum 107 pidschian 41, 149, 190, 200, control 262 224, 225 control station 107 sardinella 77, 213 Conus 107 subautumnalis 165, 222, 225 conversion 160 tugun 139, 221, 255, 271 convictfish 210 ussuriensis 22 5 Convolvulus 43 Corethra 105 Cookeolus 97 Coris 295 coontail grass 207 corixid, Corixidae 55 cooperative fishery, fishery co- cork 153, 186, 19 2 op 212, 213 cork line, corkline 189, 224, 266 coordinate 107 corkwing 57 coot 98, 135 cormorant 15, 16 cooter 281 Cornacuspongida 57 Copeina 107 corncrake, corn-crake, corn copepod, Copepoda 36, 45, 68, crake 61, 109, 116 89, 90, 93, 108, 126, 138, 201, cornetfish 21 8 204, 213, 226, 275, 293 corona 34 copepodite 10 8 Coronula 202 coquille St . Jacques 55 correct 194 Coracinus, coracin, Cora- correlation 109, 23 7 cinidae 45, 10 8 Corvina, corvina 53, 54, 97, 108 Coracius 22 6 Corydoras 23 6 coral 10, 54, 108, 164, 190, corymb 290 208, 26 6 Coryphaena 65, 109, 137 coral fish 3, 58, 108, 273 Coryphaenidae 65, 109, 209 Corallium 108 Coryphaenoides 8, 64, 65 corb 261 Coryphoblennius 234 Corbicula 108 Costia 11 1

324 costiasis 111 Crangon, Crangonidae 116, 288 Cottidae 28, 30, 31, 35, 39, 99, Craniata 281 112, 149, 188, 199, 207, 287 cranium 279 Cottinella 287 crappie 89, 114, 192 Coal/ism/us 31 Craspedacusta 141 Cottocomephoridae 287 Crassostrea 263, 264 Cottocomephorus 63, 71, 287 crate 109 Cottoidei 111 crater 40 cotton 200 crawdad, crawfish 113, 123 Cottoperca 104, 289 crawler 42 Co ttunculoides 112 night 42, 279 Cottuncuitts, Cottunculidae 112 crayfish 113, 124, 201, 202 Coitus 15, 30, 33, 40, 187, 188, crayfish pestilence 284 192, 287 creek 102 counter 244 creel 35, 109 end-window 244 Crenilabrus 57, 77, 176, 208, counting fence 74 213 courser, cream-coloured 18 Crenomytilus 144, 203 courtyard 59 Crepidula 261 cove 74 Crepipoda 173 cover 119, 189 cress 26, 72 gill 70, 119, 189, 260 bitter 222 net 189 great water 72 cow 109 water 26, 72, 273 sea 93, 109 crest 55,273 cowanyoung 240 occipital 56 cowfish 120 crestfish 67, 133 cowshark 55 Cretaceous (period) 141 coxa, coxal 246 Crex 109, 116 coypu 23, 119, 158 Crimea 257 crab 61, 98, 113, 114, 174,202 crinoid, Crinoidea 128, 241 coconut 40 Cristivomer 117 hermit 62, 138, 169, 202 Cristoria 55 horseshoe 143 croaker 53, 54, 117,261 spiny spider 113, 174 Angola 53 surf 234 Atlantic 53, 117,261 crab fisherman 131 bearded 54 crab-eater 202 big yellow 53 crab-scorpion 203 black 54, 244 crabeater seal 114 black Chinese 54 crake 121, 122, 187 little yellow 53, 163 Crambe 97 Peruvian 54 cran 114 red 53 cranberry 102 silvery 53 crane 73, 114, 241, 242 southern 54 cranefly 64, 105 spotfin 207

325 white 53 rhizocephalan 203 white Chinese 53 schizopod 202, 204 yellow 53 shell of 202 yellowfin 207 shrimp 202, 204 Crocethia 179 stomatopod 208 Crocidura 20 syncaridan 227 crocodile, crocodilian 88, 117 terminal segment of 36 Crocodylus 117 crustacean-eater 202 crop 212, 262 Cryodraco 20 Crosaster 76 cryoplankton 117 cross-section 192, 198, 238 Cryptacanthodidae 116 crossopterygian, Crossopterygii 100 Cryptacanthoides 117 crowberry 38 Cryptobia 117 crowfoot 135,283 cryptobiosis 117 crown 34 Cryptobranchus, Crypto- cruising range 59 branchidae 231 Crustacea, crustacean Cryptocerata 101 anostracan 70 Cryptochiton 271 ascothoracid 13, 24, 203 Cryptodira 280 amphipod 9, 202 Cryptoplacidae 231 barnacle 202, 263 Cryptopsarus 117 boring 218 Cryptopteris 236 branchiopod 26, 202, 203, 290 Cryptosparus 259 branchiuran 213 Crystallias 129 carapace of 173 Crystallichthys 129 cirripede 202, 203, 263 Crystallogobius 117 cladoceran 202, 204 Ctenomys 255 conchostracan 106, 107, 204 Ctenopharyngodon 9 copepod 36, 108, 201, 204, 275 Ctenophora, ctenophore 55, 119 crab 202 Ctenosciaena 54 crayfish 202 Cubiceps 119 cumacean 121 Cubomedusae 120 decapod 60, 61, 201 cuchia 122 entomostracan 202, 203, 204 cuckoo flower 222 euphasid 117 Cucumaria 160, 161 isopod 202, 290 cucumber 160 larval 79, 89, 108, 130, 141, sea 51, 120, 122, 161, 252 153, 240, 267 Culaea 105 leptostracan 153, 202 Culex, Culicidae 105 lobster 202 culling 41 malacostracan 153, 201, 203 Culter 35, 260 maxillopod 138 culture 26, 201 ostracod 168, 203 fish 212, 249 parasitic 128, 203 Cumacea, cumacean 121 phyllopod 126, 130, 202, 203, 204 cunner 57, 162 pleurobranchia of 184 cup 278

326 Cupressus 100 Cyclopterocottus 118 Curimatus 121 Cyclopteroides 118 curlew 3, 117, 120 Cyclopteropsis 118 curlfin 120 Cyclopterzrs 40, 118, 181 current 176, 224, 249 Cyclorhynchus 19 tidal 249 Cyclostomata, cyclostome 22, current meter 35 118, 143 Cursorius 18 Cyclothone 275 curve 116 Cygnopsis 244 ascending and descending limbs Cygnus 125 of 36 cylinder 33 catch 116 Cyinatogaster 238 exponential 116 cyme 290 reproduction 116 Cynmnchwn 124 curve-fitting 187 Cynoglossidae 111, 275, 296 curved 37,205 Cynoglossus 90, 275, 296 line 116 Cynops 253 cusk 142 Cynoscion 53, 97, 164 cusk-eel 170 Cyperus 245 cut-off 197 cypress 100 cutcutia 122 cyprinid, 11, 24, 41, cutlassfish 40, 205, 214 45, 47, 48, 54, 59, 63, 71, cutter 268 72, 89, 96, 97, 115, 117, cutthroat trout 132 123, 144, 149, 151, 168, 199, cuttle-bone 202, 222 200, 203, 204, 205, 208, 216, cuttlefish 94, 222 249, 250, 251, 268, 273, 276, cuvalla 120 278, 281 Cyanophyceae, Cyanophytae 38, Cypriniformes 96 226 cyprinodont, Cyprinodontidae 14, cyathocephalosis 275 96, 141, 158, 166, 218, 266, 291 Cyathoceplialus 275 cyprinoid fish, Cyprinoidei 96, 185 Cybiinae 138, 175 Cyprinus 96, 214 Cybiosarda 175 cypris (larva) 130 Cybister 230 Cypselurus 127 cycle, cyclic 104, 118 cyst 281 life 72 cystid 241 Cyclichthys 285 Cystidicola, cystidicolosis 276 cyclobranchiate mollusc 118 Cystobranchus 182 cycloinorphosis 275 Cystophora 273 Cyclophyllidae 275 cystopsiosis 276 Cyclopoida 275 Cystopsis 276 Cyclopris 118 cytase 105 Cyclops 275 Cyclopsis 118 D Cyclopterichthys 136 Cyclopteridae 118, 129, 181, 232 D-net 142

327 dab 69, 91, 92, 128 Datnioides 130 dace 68, 101, 108, 241, 292, 297 davit 42,251 Andruga 292 dead 233 Danilevsky's 68 deadhead 110,250 European 68 deadweight 60 Issyk-kul 68, 278 dealfish 37 Kirgiz 68 death 46, 193 Kuban 19 decapod, Decapoda 60, 61, 201 Lindberg's 68, 237, 278 Decapterus 61, 62, 225, 239, 240 Murgab 68 decision 165 Siberian 68, 141, 237 deck 28 Syr-dar 68 deduction 42 Zeravshan 68 deep water, deepwater 17, 18, 140 dace-minnow 260 deer 164 dactylogyrosis 59 deer fly, deer-fly, deerfly 64, 78, 231 Dactylo gyrus 59 definite 83 Dactylopagrus 148, 171, 247 definition 165,263 Dactyloptena 64 degeneration 176, 180 Dactylo pterus, Dactylopteridae 50, degree 17, 85, 241 64, 127, 173 of freedom 241 dageraad 127 degree-day 55 daggertooth 100 dehelmithization 60 Daicocus 127 Deirochelys 280 Dalatiidae 6 Delole pis 116 Dallia, Dallidae 59, 281 Delphinapterus 20 dam 38, 46, 76 Delphinus 61 beaver 23 demersal 195 damaging 169 demersal fish 208, 209 damped 76 demoiselle 3, 97 damselfish 59, 191, 192, 206, 273 demoiselle crane 73, 114 damselfly 115, 135, 185, 242 demoiselle fly 242 dandy 289 Demospongia 57 Danio 59 Dendrochirota 51 Danish seine 15, 45, 65, 150, 153 Dendrocoelum 183 Danleno assembly 102 Dendronotus 261 Daphnia 59 density 186, 229, 242 Daption 51 index of 85 dart 192, 240, 251 Dentalium 79 darter 9, 10, 59, 78, 293 dentary (bone) 156, 278 Dascyllus 59 Dentex 79, 80 Dasyatis, Dasyatidae 111, 229, 270 departure 264 Dasycottus 30 dependence 74 data 59, 84, 242 depensation 61 date 59, 267 depletion 159 date mussel 92, 267 deposit 166, 169 date-shell 267 of eggs 101

328 depressed 258 Dicentrarchus 163 depresser 258 dichotomy 63 depression 297 Digenea, digenetic 60, 237 depth (of a fish) 42, 76, 189, 250 digestion 263 depth (of a net) 193 digestive tract 93, 181 depth contour 83 Digramma 62, 128 derbio 130 digrammosis 62 dermal bone 111 dikkop, water 3 Dermatemys 280 dilution 201 dermatomycosis 61 dimension 83, 201 Dermaturus 114 dimensionless unit 19, 67 Dermochelys 133, 280 dinghy 59 Dermogenys 191 Dinoflagellata, dinoflagellate 71 designation 159 Dinoplax 62 desman, Desmana 42 Dioctophyme 62, 217 Desmognathus 215 Diodon 59, 68, 210, 227 desquamation 282 Diodontidae 59, 68, 227 destructive 169 Diogenes 62 detailed 278 Diomeda 8 detect, detection 133 dip net 217 determination 165 diphyllobothriosis 63 detritus 62, 253 Diphyllobothrium 63, 125 development 55, 184 Diplecogaster 195, 264 deviation 169, 170 Diplectruin 92, 162 device 11, 166, 197, 207, 237 Diplodus 62, 95 devil 66, 282, 284 Diplopoda 146 sea- 117 diplostomatosis 48, 62 devil ray 66, 139, 146 Diplostomum 62 devilfish 207 Diplozoon 62, 238 Devonian (period) 60 diplozoonosis 62 deworming 60 Dipneumones, Dipnoi 59 Dexistes 92 dipper 136, 164 Diadema 62 Diptera 59, 105, 150 Diademichthys 264 Dipterygonotus 114 diadromous fish 198, 208 Diptychus 167 diagram 223 direct relationship 74 scatter 109 direction 154, 266 Diagramma 62, 227 direction finder 175 Dialommus 234 dirty 237 Dianthus 46 disc 62, 184 Diaphus 62 Secchi 62 Diapterus 149 sucking 195 diary 73 ventral 62 diatom 38 disc-jaw 63 Dibranchiata 60 discards 169 Dicamptodon 8, 215 discharge 86, 241

329 Discobathus, Discobathidae 228 white-spot 24 Discocotyle 63 yolk-sac 38 discocotylosis 63 disgorger 292 Disco glossus 135 disintegration 244 Disco gnathichthys 63 dislocation 63 Discognathus 63 dispersion 63 Discomedusae 63 dissection 41 discontinuity layer 232 Dissostichus 102 disease 59, 74, 84, 101, 128, 292 distance 10, 197, 204 (see also infection, infestation) distome 60 bacterial 38, 268, 284 distributary 197 black-tail 126 distribution 12, 13, 63, 213 blackspot 74, 281 frequency 13, 116 bubonic 24 size 13 eye 62 district 159 flagellate 111, 165 disturbance 63 fluorescent 267 disturbance ring 104 fungus 22, 26, 48, 61, 70, ditch 93 86, 156, 267 Ditrema, Ditremidae 63, 72 gas-bubble 24 diver 38, 44 gill 59, 62, 63, 68, 74, 117, divide 38, 60 144, 147, 149, 244, 267 dividend 60 gill-rot 26 division 60, 66 Graff's 24 divisor 60 human 148 Dixa 105 infusorian 86 dobson fly 24,37 internal 103 dock 74,289 jaundice 71 dockyard 35 kidney 62, 74 doctorfish 271 lump 24 dog 62, 63, 153, 165, 177, 233, 295 miscrosporidian 144 Newfoundland 38 mucous 149 racoon 233 nematode 204, 267, 276 water 197 of carp 41, 59, 74 dog-team driver 97 of cyprinids 11, 54, 216, 271 dogfish 9 of trout 35 black-mouthed 180 pearl 74 greater spotted 4 protozoan 102, 161, 254 Japanese smooth 121 red-spot 115 lesser spiny 5 redwater 62 lesser spotted 5, 111 salmon 153 Mitsukuri's 5 skin 147 piked 5,234 Staff's 24 short-snout spiny 5 trematode 249 smooth 4, 121 Vibrio 74 southern spiny 7 virus 93 spiny 5, 97, 157, 234

330 dogtooth 79, 80, 226, 267 sword-tooth 205 dolginka 64, 221 west African 61 doliolaria (larva) 65 whale 61 Doliolum 25 whirling 196 Doliarm 261 white-beaked 60 dollarfish 21 0 white-sided 19, 60 Dolly Varden char 139, 268 wrinkle-toothed 6 1 Dolopichthys 259 dolphin (post) 122 dolphin (fish) 65, 109, 137, 196 dome 12 1 pompano 109 Donax 65 dolphin (mammal) 60, 61, 109, doncella 65 196, 205, 20 9 dorab 221 Amazon freshwater 25, 60, 85 Doradidac 26, 23 6 Amazon river 60, 255 dorado 65, 137 Antarctic cross 132 Dorippidae 113 Australian 60 Dorosoma 65, 256 beaked 102 Dorosomatinae 221 blind river 60, 244 dorsal 23 8 blue-white 196 dorsal fin 10, 183, 193 Borneo 61 dorsum 238 bottlenose 14, 61 dory 65 bridled 196 deepwater 235 broadsnout 60 Japanese 235 Chilean 61 John 120, 235 Chinese lake 61 mirror 235 Chinese white 61 silver 235 common 61 dotterel 206, 224, 273 cross 6 1 dough (fish bait) 248 dusky 61 dovekie 44, 135 freshwater 61 dowitcher 34 Guiana 60 downstream 32 Indian bottlenose 14 downstream migrant 189 Irawaddy 6 1 Draconetta, Draconettidae 65 La Plata 61 drag (a net) 2 6 long-beaked 61 drag seine 26, 65, 154 long-snout 61 drag-net 39, 65 Malay 196 dragger 251 Peron's 60 dragging 65 pied 61 dragon 65 Risso's 61 black 83, 24 1 Sarawak 61 sea 65, 106, 147, 174, 255 shorthead 61 dragonet 51, 129, 150, 177, 210 southern whale 61 dragonfish 83, 138, 141, 242, 246 Sowerby's 205 dragonfly 15, 60, 64, 109, 242, 293 spotted 196 drain, drainage 24 1 striped 61 dredge 64, 65, 230

331 dredging 64, 65 mandarin 66, 297 Dreissena 65, 66 marbled 283 Dre pana, drepane, Drepanidae 66 scaup 19 dressing 201 shoveller 132 dried fish 16, 244 tufted 250, 281 drift 182, 217, 258 white-headed 214, 264 drift net, driftnet 38, 154, 223 yellow-nib 119 drifter 66 duck potato 242 driftfish 47, 140 duckweed 146,213 driftwood 183 dugong, Dugong 66 drill, oyster 218 dugout canoe 17 drive (fish into nets) 25 Dules 163 driver, dog-team 98 dunce 48 Dromas 204, 206 dunlin 281 drop-off 217 dunnage 222 dropsy 38, 115 dwarf, dwarfed 96 pop-eye 38 dy 66 yolk-sac 38 dye 114 dropwort 164 dynamics 62 Drosera 207 Dysodonta 219 drought 18 dystrophic 64, 66 drum 16, 43, 53, 65, 261 dytiscid, Dytiscidae 183 Argentine 261 Dytiscus 183 black 16,53 black-cheeked 54 Canary 261 curly 53 eagle 20, 21, 56, 166, 243 freshwater 16, 40, 53 ear 264 giant 169 Venus's 264 imbricate 53 ear bone 111 Patagonian 67 ear stone 92, 169 red 53 earth 64 spiny-headed 53 earthworm 42, 165, 279 striped 53 Ebinania 30 drum-washer 146 ecdysis 128 drummer 16 Echelidae 259, 294 drumming muscle 150 Echeneis, Echeneidae 195 dry (verb), drying 43, 168 Echidna 149 Dublin prawn 116 Echinocerus 114 duck 44, 66, 158, 252, 264, 283 Echinochloa 254 Bombay 24, 264 echinoderm, Echinodermata 22, eider 44 25, 51, 65, 67, 77, 78, 83, 120, goldeneye 66 128, 160, 169, 174, 184, 203, harlequin 92, 264 241,272 king eider 264 Echinoidea 67 long-tailed 14, 148, 214, 217 echinopluteus (larva) 294

332 Echinorhinus 5 slender snipe 258 echinorhynchosis 294 snake 79, 258 Echinothuridae 67 snipe 156, 258, 259 Echinus 67 snubnose 259 echiurid, Echiurida, spaghetti 148 Echiuroidea 46, 294 spiny 128, 146, 158, 238 echo-location 288, 294 swamp 131,226 echo-stock 294 thread 259 Eckloniaichthys 264 witch 259 ecosystem 118, 292 wolf 80 ectoparasite 59, 213, 292 worm 259, 294 ectopterygoid (bone) 37 eel goby, eel-goby 259 edible fish 209 eel-cod, eelcod 174, 259 eel 41, 45, 93, 106, 126, 161, eel-grass 36, 79, 125 226, 232, 258, 259 eelblenny 135 American 258 eelpout, eel pout 20, 79, 128, 130 Australian 258 efficiency, fishing 261 Bengal 258 effort, fishing 67, 261, 263 boro 25 egg (fish) 11, 16, 22, 27, 42, 55, Chinese 258 56, 66, 84, 86, 101, 143, 148, conger 106, 258 159, 176, 185, 190, 216, 223, Congo 9 247 cuchia 122 egg net 223 deepwater 258 egg pod 120 duck-billed 156, 259 egg pouch 219 electric 259 egg yolk 140 false 128 egg-laying 84, 296 freshwater 259 egret, Egretta 274, 279 glass 259 egret-piper 19 gulper 259 eider 44, 66 Japanese 106, 259 king 44, 55, 256, 264 longsnout 258 Pacific 18, 44 monkey 258 spectacled 44, 66, 264 moray 149 Steller's 22, 44 Mozambique 258 Eigenmanniella 157 one-gilled 258 Eimeria 103, 293 one-slit 258 Elacata 156 rice 259 Elagatis 292 rock 140 Elasipoda 51 salad 144 elasmobranch, Elasmobranchii 7, salt 45 184, 208 sand 179 Elassoma 292 saw-vomer 258 Elatine 186 sharp-tail, sharptail 145, 258 electivity 85 sharp-toothed 258 electric organ (of fish) 77 silvery 106 electric ray 49

333 160 electrofishing 292 encrusting organisms Electrona 292 end 106 105 Electrophorus, Electro- of a cable 244 phoridae 259 end-window counter 268 Eleginus 33, 151 endemic 293 element 292 endergonic 67 Eleocharis 24, 227 Endocyclia 293 eleotrid, Eleotridae 50, 51, 292 endoparasite 219 elephant 232 Endoprocta 263 elephant seal 232 endurance elephant tusk shell 79 Enedrias 140 elephant-snout 232 engine 59 123 elephantfish 89, 271 English Channel 10, 11 Eleutheronema 156, 173 Engraulidae Eleutherozoa 22 Engraulis 11 elevated 42 anchoita 10 elevator 212, 223 australis elimination 292 capensis 11 11, 269 elk 133 encrasicholus Ellochelon 99 hepsetus 11 El Nino 292 japonicus 11 11 Elodea 196, 284, 292 mordax elongation coefficient 112 ringens 11 Elopichthys 71, 154 Enhydra 41, 89 160 Elops, Elopidae 140, 221, 247, enmeshed 292, 293, 297 Enneacanthus 162 Elymus 101, 104 Enophrys 29, 30 Elytrigia 200 Enopla 155 104 embiotocid, Embiotocidae 63, 72, Enoplosus, Enoplosidae 162, 293 Ensatina 215 Emberiza 160 Ensis 279 Embolichthys 293 entangled 160 emerge, emergence 42 enteritis 293 101 Emerita 234 Enteropneusta 198, Emmelichthyops 114 Entomostraca, entomostracan Emmelichthys, Emmelich- 202, 203, 204 37 thyidae 23, 114 entopterygoid (bone) emperor 126, 163, 218, 274 Entosphenus 145 red 134 entrance 76 Empetrum 38 envelope 160 emptying 159 environment, environmental 227, 263, 292 Emydura 280 conditions 85, 195, 239 Emys 279, 280 external Encheliophis 293 stressful 237, 242 68, 160, Enchelyopus 152 environmental capacity Enchytraeus, Enchytraeidae 293 239

334 environmental factors 198, 263 equation 42, 75, 262, 263 Eocene (period) 293 exponential 262 Eopsetta 90 regression 262 Ephelota 86 Equisetum 270 Epltemera 187 Eremophila 70 Ephemeroptera 187 Ereunetes 178 ephippium 219, 294 Ereunias, Ereuniidae 30 Ephippus, Ephippidae 156, 210, ergasilosis 68, 293 294 Ergasilus 68, 293 Ephydra 21 Erignathus 76, 124 epibranchial 151 Erilepis 147, 293 epidemic 293 Erimacrus 98, 113 epidemiology 293 Erimyzon 284 epidermis, epidermal 128 Eriocaulon 286 epifauna 293 Eriocheir 113 epihyal (bone) 35 Eriophoruni 200 Epilobium 100 Ernogrammus 200 Epinepltelus 143, 243 Erolia 178 adscensionis 88 Errantia 26 aeneus 143 error 170 akaara 45 erupt (of teeth) 197 alexandrinus 143 Erythrinidae 293 fasciatus 56 Erythrocles 114 gigas 143 Erythroculter 35, 53, 115 guaza 143 escapement 197, 264 guttatus 163 Eschrichtius, Eschrichtiidae 100 itajara 56, 62, 162 escolar 138 lanceolatus 197 Esocidae 290, 291 merra 56 Esociformes 290 morio 143, 281 Esox 140,290 mystacinus 281 essence, oriental 293 nigritars 45, 156, 162 establishment 74 niveatus 56 fish-rearing 272 striatus 281 estimate 170 tauvina 247 estuarine, estuary 110, 128, epineuston 293 194, 247, 264 epiotic (bone) 35 Etheostoma 293 epipelagial, epipelagic region 293 Etheostominae 59 Epiplatys 291 Ethiopian Region 159 epipleural (bone) 205 Ethmalosa 24 Epischura 293 ethmoid (bone) 175, 293 epithelioma 168 etiology 24 epizootic 293 Etroplus 293 Eptatretus 144 Etrzrmeus 221 equalize 262 Euahts 116 equate 262 Eubalaena 100

335 Eucalia 105 exclusively 86 Eucinostomus 149 existence doubtful 239 Euclidean 67 exoccipital (bone) 23, 76 Eudocimus 82 Exocoetus, Exocoetidae 59, 64, Eudyptes 181 126 Euglenoidea 292 Exocyclia 67 Euhirudinea 182 expanse 4 Eulabeia 58 expenditure 204, 251 eulachon 110,246 metabolic 251 Eulamellibranchia 60 experience 166, 194 Euleptorhamphus 191 experiment 160, 166 Eumetopias 224 exploitation 292 Eumicrotremus 118, 181 rate of 42, 85, 112, 157 Eunectes 9 exploratory fishing unit 177 Eunice 172 explosion 42, 74 Eupatorium 193 exponent 84, 189, 241 Euphausiacea, cuphausid 67, 93, exponential 116, 241, 262 117,281 exponential curve 116 euphotic 292 expression 42, 262 Euplanaria 183 extract 41 Euplectella 109 extremely 86 Euproctes 253 extrusion 130 Euprotomicrus 5 exumbrella (of medusao) 292 eury- 67, 292 eye 48, 83, 112, 161 Euryalae 169 eye diplostomatosis 48, 62 Euryale 292 eye of heaven 161 eurybiotic 292 eye socket 41 Eurycea 215 eye-ring 112 Eurygaster 281 eyelid 34 euryhaline 67 fatty 34 Eurymen 29 Eurynorhynchus 121 euryphagous 292 Eury pharynx 24 facies 266 eurypterid, Eurypterida 203, 292 factor 147, 198, 292 Eurypyga 274 factory 74, 266 Eutaeniophorus 126 factory-ship 140, 212, 243 Euthynnus 229,255 fahak 266 eutrophic 67 fairlead 100, 208 evaluation 170 fairy shrimp 70, 130, 202, 204 Evistias 88 falcated teal 97, 220 Evynnis 246 Falco 235 exceptionally 86 falcon, Falconidae 216, 235 excessive 25 fall 167 excessive fishery 155 false bottom 64 exchange 159 false gill 131

336 familiarization 194 filariomyxosis 267 family 96, 222 file 204 fang 102 filefish 67, 121, 210, 238 fantail 228 Filibranchia 157 farm, fish 272 fillet 266 fat 73 filleter, filleting 204, 267 fathead 138 filter-feeder 267 father lasher 98, 187, 206 filterable particles 223 fathom 214 fin 27, 176, 177, 183, 231 fathom line 83 adipose 183 fatness 73, 151, 189, 262 anal 10, 63, 183, 204 fauna 86, 266 caudal 183 favourable 190 dorsal 10, 183, 193 favoured 194 paired 19, 183 feather 176 pectoral 183, 204 featherback 158, 238 pelvic 26, 54, 56, 183, 204 featherfoil 256 tail 63, 183 feature 147 fin fold 88,183 fecundity 185, 189 fin ray 63, 65, 134, 183 feed 109, 151 fin rot 48 feeding 109, 181, 182, 223 fin spine 238 feeding persistence 182 fin whale, finback whale 100, feeding plasticity 182 191, 267 feeding potential 182 final 106 fecding range 12 find, to 133 feeding ratio 112 fingerling 39, 138, 219 feeler 207 finite 106 Felis 111, 112 finlet 183 femur 18 finnan haddie 180 fence 75 fiord 268 counting 74, 197 fire (a gun) 42 fish 111 firefly 218 Feresa 110 firth 128 ferment 26 fish (noun) 16, 18, 24, 26, 46, fern 140, 146, 173, 215, 283 47, 65, 208, 209, 212, 215, fertility 185 234, 252, 255, 278, 282 fiatolon 243 anadromous 84, 131,208 Ficaria 283 anemone 9 field 109, 189 aquarium (see aquarium) fieldwork 194 armoured 209 Fierasfer, Fierasferidae 94, 210, aulopid 271 212, 266 bathypelagic 138 figure 189,276 bony 111,209 filament 149 bottom 21,233 gill 70, 126, 130 brood (see breeders) filamentous alga 157 cartilaginous 273

337 142, 212, 291 coarse 209, 237 small commercial 56, 209 smoked (see smoked fish) deep sea, deep-sea, deep- spiny-rayed 12, 45, 104, 248 water 13, 18, 37, 46, 83, 86, table 209 89, 100, 126, 127, 138, 141, tagged 209 143, 155, 161, 189, 241, 272 trash 237 demersal 209 true 208, 278 142 dried (see dried fish) undersized 142 edible 209 undesirable eyeless 241 unicorn 67 fighting 212 unprotected 56 freshwater-spawning 46 useful 209 ganoid 22 vegetarian 209 harvest 118 viviparous 212 286 herring-like 220 world's smallest immature 209 young 212 Japanese poison 25 fish (verb) 25, 42, 259 jawed 278 fish cannery 74 kippered 209 fish culture 212, 240 237 lack of 19 fish diversion device lobe-finned 132 fish doctor 47 luminous 83 fish eggs (see egg) mandarin 14 fish elevator 212 mesopelagic 254 fish fauna 86 Mexican cave 10 fish hatchery (see hatchery) migratory 272 fish hawk 230 noble 114 fishhook 119,292 non-anadromous 72 fish ladder 175, 213 non-breeding 209, 297 fish lift, fish-lift 205, 212 non-commerical 56 fish lock 288 nuisance 237 fish louse 41, 213 ordinary 278 fish management 212 pelagic 51, 286 fish nursery 212 pinecone 211, 287 fish oil 40 plant-eating 209 fish pass 213 poisonous 25 fish plant 212 pony 239 fish pump 212 74 protected 56 fish rearing station (see school) rainbow 212 fish school 86 ripe 247 fish science scale) rough 237 fish scale (see salt (see salt fish) fish sticks 172 scaled 282 fish tag 38, 143 semi-anadromous 209 fish trap (see trap) Siamese fighting 180 fish washing machine 140 fish-culture, fish-culturist 212 singing 194

338 fish-eater 212 fishing vessel 66, 101, 285 fish-louse 70, 213 fishway 93, 21 3 fish-meal plant 74 Fistiilaria, Fistulariidae 218 fish-passing device 213, 237 fixed 233, 24 1 fisher 21 2 (of nets) 239 fisherman, fisherwoman 107, 131, fjord 26 8 211, 212, 251, 259 flag 96, 179, 180 fishery 197, 212, 213, 272 sweet 3, 10 8 collective 131, 212 Flagellata, flagellate 71, 111, 117, excessive 155 165, 253, 261, 272 hand-line 233 flagellum 71 hook-and-line 233 flagfish 267 intensity of 8 5 flagtail 121 seal 170 flamingo 115, 26 7 state 54 flank 23 sturgeon 11 5 flashlightfish 198 fishery co-operative, fishery flask 230 co-op 131, 213 flatback 22 9 fishery manager 212 flatfish 69, 92, 172, 199, 207 fishery science 19 3 flathead 21, 176, 185 fishing 131, 159, 160, 191, 211 flatnose 185 commercial 21 3 flatworm 60, 125, 185, 205, clectro- 292 251, 256, 25 9 exploratory 201 flax 125 illegal 25 flea 23 with lights 21 8 beach 23 fishing apparatus 166, 292 snow 3 6 fishing bat 21 2 water 23, 36, 59, 157, 202, 204 fishing boat 68, 88, 95 fleece 208 fishing conditions 16 0 flesh 40, 219, 222, 249, 290 fishing effort 67, 197, 243, 260 flint 16 0 fishing gear 65, 85, 151, 166, 233 flipper 183 fishing grounds 28 5 seal 124 fishing industry 197, 212, 213, 272 float 168, 186, 192, 233 fishing intensity 8 5 angling 75 fishing line 76, 104, 126, 197, 258 net 16, 44, 49, 122, 153 fishing net 6 9 planing 12 2 fishing out 169 floating base 182 fishing outfit 259 floating organism 184 fishing pole, rod 148, 259 floating-heart 24 fishing rate 11 2 flock (of birds) 241 fishing season 200 flocking 240 fishing site 226, 250 floe 13 5 fishing success 197 flood, spring 171 fishing tackle 168 flood-plain, flood plain 75, 155, fishing unit 77 182, 189

339 flounder 34, 48, 90, 91, 92, 138, three-eye 92 172, 175, 215, 267, 296 White Sea 90 arctic 91 windowpane 91 arrowtooth 172 winter 90 Baltic 90 witch 91 banded 91 yellow-striped 90 Bering 91 yellowtail 69, 90 bigeye 90 Yokohama 92 black 91 flow 241,242 Black Sea 48,91 flower 274 Brazilian 90 flowering 274 eel-back 91 fluctuations 103, 104 flathead 92 fluke 91, 237, 251 fourspot 92 Fluto 259 frog 91 Fluvialosa 267 Gulf Stream 90 fly 59, 148, 149, 150 halibut-like 91 alder 24, 37 Kamchatka 172 biting house 72 Kitahara's 138 black 149 Korean 91 bull 231 lefteye 12, 89, 91, 207 caddis 37, 208 longsnout 90 calf 232 many-starred 25 ceratopogonid 146 Mediterranean 91 deer 78,231 mochigar 92 dobson 24, 37 Moser's 34 gad- 231 Nadezhny's 91 green-eyed deer 64 northern 91 horse 231 Norwegian dwarf 91, 207 March 105 Oshoro 91 moth 15, 148 oval 25 reindeer 232 peacock 25 St. Mark's 105 pelican 91 soldier 135 Peruvian 91 stable 72 righteye 91,92 fly-fishing 131 roundnose 90 flying fish, flying-fish, scaly-eyed 92 flyingfish 59, 64, 126, 127, silvery smallmouth 139 148, 191, 209 slime 91 flying gurnard (see gurnard) smooth 90 flying saucer 23 sohachi 91 foam 20 spiny-rayed 91 fodder 109 starry 90 Fodiator 127 Steller's smallmouth 138 fog 147 stone 90 Fontinalis 268 summer 90, 172, 173 food 85, 106, 109, 151, 181, 182,

340 196, 239, 254, 263, 292, 295 arctic 33, 129, 177 food bolus 182 foxtail grass 18, 130 food capturing 93 fraction 67 food chain 262, 275 fragrance 9 food coefficient 112 frame 203 food competition 182 frankfurter 216 food intake 159 Fratercula 86, 255 food requirement 182 freak 201 food similarity 182 free end (of a rope) 106 food supply 15, 159, 205, 254 freeze-up 205 foot freezing plant 74 of a mountain 188 Fregata 268 of molluscs 157 frequency 41 footballfish 47 distribution 13, 116 fop 289 of occurrence 278 forage 151 freshwater 65, 72 forage ratio 85 freshwater form 73, 96, 139, 151 foraging 151 frigate 268 foraging area 12 frigate mackerel 14 Foraminifera 109, 268 frigate-bird 268 force of competition 107 frill shark 184 Forcipiger 289 Fritillaria 216 Forcipulata 77 frog 9, 22, 98, 109, 135, 136, forebay 32 146, 198, 206, 282 forehead 130 frog-tooth 136 foreign 8 frogbit, frog's bit 38, 135 forest 246 frogfish 70, 101, 102, 150, 210 forget-me-not 154 frontal (bone) 130 fork, forked 36,37 frostfish 126, 214 fork-beard 152 fry 24, 38, 39, 71, 138, 139, 194, form 9, 23 209, 212,219 freshwater 73, 139 Fucomimus 150 ing 84 Fucus 200, 256 river 73 Fugu 83, 227, 234, 268 formation 268 Fulica 135 geological 297 fullness 153 forming 268 index of 85 Fortino, Formionidae 40, 268 fulmar, eulmarus 48, 246 Forsterygion 254 function 268 fossil 86, 173 Fundulus 268 foul 75 Fungia 108 fouling 74, 114 fungus 22, 26, 62, 70, 86, 156, fouling organism 160 216 foundation 167 funnel 40, 76 four-eye 282 of a fyke net 264 fox 129 furca, furcate 36

341 furrow 25 Gallinula, gallinule 93, 98, 121, furunculosis 268 174, 244 fyke net 34, 70, 75, 122, 137, gallop 229 142, 160, 188, 189, 213, 219, gallows (on a trawler) 66, 158 226, 285 Gambusia 45 body of 25 game 25 Courland 34, 121 gammarid amphipod 23 single-funnelled 33, 34 Gamin arus 17, 24 gander 58 G gangion 186, 219, 233, 273 gangling 186 gadfly, clear-winged 231 gannet 164 gadfly petrel 246 ganoid (fish) 45 Gadiculus 44, 252 gaper, sand 203 gadid, Gadidae 136, 252 gar 173,216 Gadiformes 252 gar pike, gar-pike 20, 88, 102, gadoid 141, 148 173, 216 Gadus garfish 19, 20, 35, 82, 216, 290 australis 200 garganey 252, 273, 283, 286 esmarkii 293 garibaldi 45 macrocephalus 252 Garra 45 merlangus 142 garrick 130 minutus 252 Garuppa 45 morhua 177, 252 gas-bubble disease 24 ogac 252 gasankulinka 221 pollachius 190 gaspereau 192 pou tassou 200 gassar 45 virens 214 Gasteropelecus, Gastero- gadwall 155, 191, 222, 223, 264 pelecidae 101 gaff 26 Gasterosteidae, Gastero- Gaidropsarus 152 steiformes 14, 105 gain 195 Gasterosteus 104, 105 Galathea 18,45 gastropod, Gastropoda 26, 74, Galatheathauma 45 125, 161, 175, 198, 232, 260 Galaxias, galaxiid, Gastrostomus 259 Galaxiidae 3, 44 gastrotrich, Gastrotricha 26, 45 Galba 198 gate 40 Galeichthys 45 Gaterin 227 Galeocerdo 6 gauge 56, 268 Galeoides 172 Gavia 44 Galeorhinus 5, 6, 7 gavial, Gavialis 44 Galeus 4 Gaviidae 44 galingale 168, 245 gear (fishing) 65, 85, 151, 166, Galium 188 186, 233 galjoen 45, 165 geelback 54 Gallicrex 93 gegarkuni 46, 296

342 Gempylus, Gempylidae 46, 137 Ginglyrnostorna 6, 7 generation 153, 157, 189, 275 Girardinus 47 genetics 76 girdle 194 Geniagnus 77 Girella, Girellidae 47, 101, 141 genus 65, 66, 77, 207, 232 girth 160 Genyonemus 53 gissu 48 Genypierus 100, 106 gizzard shad 221, 256 Geocarcinus 113 Australian freshwater 267 Geochelidon 115 chacunda 277 Geophagus 162 Clupanodon 102 Geotria 144 long-finned 256 Gephyrea, gephyrean 46 Mexican 65 Gephyroberyx 164 Neinatalosa 155 Gerres, Gerreidae 46, 149 Nicaraguan 65 Gerris, Gerridae 38, 129, 149 northern 65 Geuln 46 short-finned 256 ghost 66 spotted 107, 221, 256 ghost shrimp 103 threadfin 65, 256 gig 168 western 65 Gigantura 46 glacial 125, 189 gill 70, 151, 244, 262 glaciation 164 blood 70 glacier 117, 125 false 131 gland 71 tracheal 70 Glareola 249 gill aperture 70, 169 glassfish 20, 208 gill arch 48, 66, 70 Glaucosoma, Glaucosomidae 162, gill cavity 70 226 gill chamber 70, 191 glaucous gull 27 gill cover 63, 65, 70, 119, 189, Glaux 250 260 globe-fish 234 gill disease 59, 62, 63, 68, 74, globe-flower, globeflower 3, 121 117, 144, 147, 149, 244, 267 Globicephala 56, 61, 100 gill filament 70, 126, 130 glochidiosis 48 gill parasite 226 glochidium (larva) 48 gill raker 70, 256 Glossiphonia, Glossiphonidae 182 gill rot, gill-rot 26, 48, 70 glossohyal (bone) 296 gill slit 70, 289 Glossolepis 201 gill-net, gill net 14, 25, 39, 41, 42, glue 101 70, 102, 154, 166, 176, 187, Glugea 144 189, 200, 223, 224 Glyceria 139, 250 floating 154, 182, 223 Glycrneris 222 midwater 267 Glyptocephalus 90, 91, 138 gill-net fishing 41, 77, 131, 285 Glyptosternum 237 gilled 160 Glyptothorax 236 gilthead, gilt head 14, 59, 65, 78, gnat, buffalo 149 95, 102, 238 Gnathagnus 77

343 Gnathobdellida 182 leopard 130 Gnathonemus 258 leopard-spotted 31 Gnathopogon 177, 178 little goad 31 Gnathostomata 278 maiden 30 gnathothorax 278 monkey 15, 22, 27, 28, 31, goat 103 103, 178, 179, 181 goatfish 17, 103, 138, 244 mushroom 32, 213 goatsucker 103 Norwegian 29 Gobiesocidae 103, 195, 211, 264 painted 30 Gobiesox 103 Philippine 145 Gobiidae 28, 103 ribbon 125,259 Gobio 177, 178 rock 29 Gobiobotia 177 rotan 31, 92, 207 Gobiomorus 49 round 31, 57, 98, 181 Gobius 29, 30, 31, 32 sand 29 goblet 120 small-headed eel 259 goby (see also pugolovka) 22, striped 30 27, 28, 29, 92, 103, 196, 199 striped threetooth 30 Amur 28 syrman 32, 54, 68, 227, 243, bald 31, 130, 135 286 bighead 22, 31, 50, 250 threetooth 30 bigmouth 28 toad 15, 22, 31, 103, 140, 213 black 30 transparent 23, 30, 31 bluebanded 29 tubenose 30, 32, 276 Bogdanov's 29 two-fingered 28 Brauner's 29, 31, 199 two-spot 29 Caspian 29, 32, 52, 97 warty 31 Caspian goad 31 weed 22, 32, 77, 224, 250 Caspian monkey 31 worm 144 Caspian rotan 208 yellow 29 Caspian round 31 godwit 34, 243 Caspian syrman 286 GOIN 49 Caucasian 29 goitre, fish 24 Caucasian bald 130 goldeneye 49, 66 common 29 goldenrod 79 crystal 117 goldeye 79 dusky threetooth 30 goldfinch 289 eel 125,259 goldfish 48, 71, 79, 94, 95, 105, giant 29, 31 135, 161, 192, 212, 247, 285 goad 31,52 goldline 25 golden 29 golomanka 51 gorlap 31 goloveshka 50 guban 31,213 Gomphidae 60 Japanese river 30 Gomphosus 52 Jeffreys' 29 Gonionemus 116 Knipovich's 29 Gonistius 52

344 Gonorhynchus, Gonorhyn- reed canary 59 chidae 52, 107 river 254 Gonostonia 52 slough 19 Gonostomidae, Gonosto- tape 33 matidae 37, 52 vanilla 80 good-sized 143 wigeon 208 goosander 16, 80, 117, 168 grass-wrack 36, 79, 250 goose 20, 58, 88, 103, 181, grassfish 129 213, 244 grasshopper 106 goosefish 157, 208, 211, 259, Gratiola 3 282, 284 gravel 54, 160 gorbushka 53 gravel bar 133 Gordiacea 39 grayling 45, 118, 122, 181, 269, 270 Gorgonacea, Gorgonaria, Amur 269 gorgonian (coral) 54, 108 arctic 269 Gorgonocephalus, Gorgonoce- Australian 198 phalidae 50, 54 Baikal 269 GosNIORKh 54 black 21, 125, 269 gourami 58, 123, 151 East Siberian 269 govern 262 European 269 goy 246 Kamchatka 269 grab, bottom 64, 230 Kosogol 16, 269 grabber 170 Mongolian 269 gradient 229 Montana 269 Gramrnatorcynus 137 New Zealand 198 Grampus 61 white 20, 269 graph 151, 223 grebe 157, 158, 186, 284 graphic 151 greencod 214 Graphoderes 186 greeneye 77,174 Grapsidae 113 greenling 125, 243, 248 Graptemys 280 Alaska 243 grass 250 Asian 163,248 bent 190 kelp 248 big manna 139 Kuril 163 bluejoint 34 masked 248 cotton 200 one-finned 243, 248 creeping couch 200 one-striped 120, 248 dune 101,104 Otaki's 248 eel- 250 painted 248 floating manna 139 rock 248 flote 250 whitespotted 125, 248 foxtail 18, 130 greenshank 260 manna 139,250 grenadier 64, 65, 138 pepper 72 antarctic 138 red tundra 12 armoured 64 reed 16 bull's-head 65

345 false 13, 127 grunt 40, 191, 207, 209, 248, pope's-eye 64 269, 270, 273 rock 138 Bennett's 196 roughhead 138 bigeye 290 roughsnout 72 blackfin 40 smalleye 64 burro 40 softhead 64 eight-striped 196 South Atlantic 138 French 270 grey mullet (see mullet) golden-lined 207 grey whale 100 green 169 gribble 218 many-striped 40 grid 223 Mediterranean 196 grilse 55, 75, 130, 227, 249 notched 196 grind 56 Peruvian 207 ground 56, 64 silver-spotted 40 ground bait 188, 194 spear 40 ground line, groundline 56, 266 striped 40, 196 ground rope, groundrope 56, 266 three-banded 40 groundfish 65, 208 white 270 groundling 49 yarbua 248 group, grouping 56, 181, 193, grunter 55, 290 234, 241 Grus 73,241 grouper 56, 57, 143, 243 Grylloblutta 242 banded 56 guaguanche 244 black 24, 163 Guara 82 falcate 143 gubach 51, 57 honeycomb 56 gubernaculum 208 Japanese 56 gudgeon 40, 103, 177, 178, misty 281 181, 242 Nassau 281 Amur false 127 Pacific giant 197 Amur lizard 177 red 56, 281 Amur whitefin 177 snowy 56 Carpathian 177 tauvina 247 Chanka 178 tiger 24, 163 chebak 178 tusked 144 Chersky's 178 Warsaw 45, 162 Crimean 177 yellowfin 56, 156, 162 Dnestr 177 grouse, black 282 Dnestr long-whiskered 177 grow, growing 151 eight-whiskered 177 growler 40 false 127 grown-up 36 Issyk-kul 177 growth 189, 195, 207, 254 Kura 177 grubby 30,98 lazy 178 Gruidae 73 Lena 177 grunion 13 lizard 178

346 long-whiskered 35, 177 sand 185 Manchurian 177 shining 179 Markakul 177 shortfin 179, 210, 253 North Caucasus 177 Strauch's 179 Pacific 177 streaked 253 ricefield 177 tub 179 Siberian 177 yellow 179 slender 177 gurnet 17 Soldatov's toothed 178 guts 37 Tachanovsky's 37 gutting 201 Tera 178 gwyniad 224 toothed 178 Gygis 115 Turkestan 178 Gymnammodytes 179 Ussuri 178 •ymnarchus 47 West Caucasian 177 Gymnelis 47 whitefin 177 Gymnocanthus 29, 30, 287 Gudusia 58 Gymnodraco 186 guillemot 44, 88, 89, 98, 240, 283 Gymnogobius 28 guinea-pig 218 Gymnogyps 106 guitar 48 Gymnolaemata 150 guitarfish 48, 208, 209, 228, 229 Gymnophiona 9 gular 54 Gymnosarda 47 gulf 56 Gymnosomata 119 gulf-stream 51 Gymno thorax 149 gull 27, 51, 102, 140, 212, 272, Gymnotis, Gymnotidae 47, 149 273, 277 Gymnura 229 gullet 181 Gypetus 25 gullyshark 5 Gypohierax 166 gunnel 140 gyral 118 guppy 58 Gyrinichthys 209 gurnard 94, 126, 127, 179, 210, Gyrinidac 35 252, 253 Gyrinocheilus 47 armed 179 Gyrinophilus 215 armoured 253 Gyrinus 35 crocodile 185 gyrodactylosis 47 flying 50, 64, 127, 173 Gyrodactylus 47 grey 179, 252, 253 gyttja 48 hobo 179 kanagashira 179 H lantern 179 longfin 179 habitat 4, 25, 195 lyre 179 habits 160 oriental flying 64 hackleback 132 Queckett's 179 haddock 150, 180 red 179 Jerusalem 235 river 185 Norway 69, 162, 163

347 smoked 180 Pacific 172 haemal arch 66 Pacific black 172 Haematopota 64 red 92 Haematopus 121 spotted 34, 90, 172 Haementeria 182 tropical 172 Haemopis 182 Halichoerus 247, 256 Haemosporidia 239 Halichondria, Halichondriidae 94 Haemulidae 246 Halieutaea 132, 156 Haemulon 40, 207, 270, 273 Haliotis 264, 265 hagfish 144, 173, 182 Haliplus, Haliplidae 183 hair-snake, hair-worm 39 halistatic 269 hairtail 172, 214 Halobaena 27 hairtooth 39 Halobates 45 hake 65, 73, 142, 152, 270, halocline 229 273, 290 halophile 45 Australian 142 Halosauridae 45 Brazilian 152 Halosauropsis 45 Cape 142 hamecon 13,119 Chilean 142 hamlet, mutton 56, 281 common 142 hammer 147 longfin 152 hammerhead 121, 147 Magellan 142 hand 208 Mauretanian 142 hand-line 187, 233 New Zealand 142 handle 208,279 New Zealand longtail 142 handsawfish 8 Pacific 142, 152 hang 193 Patagonian 142 hanging (nets) 34, 193 red 152 hanging coefficient 193 Senegal 142 hanging line 160, 193 silver 142, 152, 273 Hapalogaster 114 South African deepwater 143 Hapalogenys 40, 269 spotted 152 Haplomi 290 squirrel 152 hapuka 162, 163, 275 three-fin 152 harbour, artificial 103 white 152 harbour porpoise 3, 200 Halacarae 101 harbour seal 124., 156, 256 Halaelurus 4, 5, 7 hard-lips, hardlips 62, 227 Halcyon 78 Hardella 280 half 201 hare 76 halfbeak 63, 191,211 harem 219 Halia&tus 166 Harengula 12, 81, 217, 269 halibut 172 harlequin duck 92, 264 Atlantic 172 harp seal 103 bastard 172, 173 Harpacticoida 45 California 172, 173 Harpagifer, Harpagiferidae 25, Greenland 172 206

348 Harpodon, Harpodontidae 24 helmet, spiked 287 harpoon 45, 168, 216 helminth 48 harvestfish 18, 118 Helobdella 182 harvesting, selective 41 Helophorus 148 hatch 42, 54 Hemianthus 65 of ships 54 Hemibarbus 107 hatchery 74, 84, 159, 181, 212, Hemichorda, Hemichordata 101, 246, 260 119, 191 hatchet 250 Henziconiatus 120 hatchetfish 211, 230, 250 Heiniculter 41, 219 haul (a net) 26, 41, 196, 250 Hemiernblemaria 234 haul to (of a ship) 219 Hemigrapsus 113 hauling line 54 Hemilepiclotus 29, 30, 191 hauling-out grounds 75, 125 Hefnimacrurus 64 hawk 78, 166 Hemiodontidae 215 fish 230 Hemiptera 101 hawkfish 120 Heinirhamphus, Hemirham- hawksbill turtle 22, 95 phidae 191, 211 hawsepipe 102 Hemitripterus, Hemitripteridae 29, haze 140, 192 39, 40, 261 head 50, 197, 213, 248, 262 hemlock, water 22 of a sturgeon 51 hen 121 of the vomer 51 Heniochus 289 headlightfish 62 Henneguya 99, 216 headstander 10 Heptatoma 232 heart (of a net) 111, 131, 148, Heptranchias 6, 55 154 Herclotsichthys 219 heather 34 herd hectare 238 of cattle 239 hectocotylized arm 46 of horses 246 hedge hyssop 3 heredity, hereditary 195, 203 hedge nettle 283 hermit 169 hedgehog 67 hermit crab, hermit-crab 169, 202 height 42 heron 98, 274, 277, 278, 279 height of land 32, 38 Herpobdella, Herpobdellidae 46, heleoplankton 183 182 Helicolenus 69, 162, 163, 230 herring 45, 65, 75, 114, 154, Helioporida 108 207, 219, 220 Heliornithidae 124 Arctic 220 Heliozoa, heliozoan 235 Argentine 139 helix 260 Atlantic 220 Hell's Gate 40 Atlanto-Scandinavian 220 hellbender 231 Baltic 214, 215, 220 hellebore, false 278 bare-eyed 221 hellgramite 223 bigeye 221 helm 56 blueback 226

349 hiemal 75, 161, 222, 296 bluntnose 221 Chilean 220 Hierocloe 80 Chinese 84, 285 high water 171 deepwater 221 hill 27 dwarf 139 Hilsa, hilsha 47 Himantolo- flatiron 12 Himantolophus, freshwater 221 phidae 4 7 hilsa 271 Himantopus 273 Kamchatka 220 Hime 271 kippered 220 hind lake 213,221 red 163 little 269 rock 88 Norway 220 hinge 151 Pacific 220 hinge-jaw 24 Pictou 21 6 Hiodon 79, 133 round 118, 221, 262 Hiodontidae 133 sawbelly 22 1 hip 1 8 sea 220 Hippocampus 106 skipjack 77 Hippoglossina 91 smoked 219, 220 Hippoglossoides 91 thread 140, 165 dubius 9 2 White Sea 45, 220 elassodon 91 wolf 65, 221, 27 1 platessoides 92 herring gull 140, 212 robustus 9 1 herring smelt 12 Hippoglossus 172 Hippolytidae 116 herring stock 75 Hippolyte, 18, heterocercal (tail) 15 8 hippopotamus, Hippopotamus Heterodonta 201 47 Heterodontidae 6, 32 Hippospongia 57 Heterodontoidei 7 Hippuris 237, 270 Heterodontus 5, 6, 7, 32 Hircinia 5 7 Heterognathi 269 Hirudinea 182 Heteropneustes 236 hirudinosis 47 heteropod, Heteropoda 201, 261 Hirudo 182 Heteroptera 281 Hirundapus 97 Heterosomata 92 Hirundo 97 Heterostichus 46 Histiocottus 29 Hcterotricha 86 Histiophoridae 88, 173 Hexacorallia 108 Histiopterus, Histiopteridae 88 Hexactinellida 57 Histobranchus 25 8 Hexagrammos, Hexagram- Histrio 102 midae 125, 248 Histrionicus 92, 264 Hexanchidae, Hexanchoidei 4, 7 hitch 26 0 Hexanchus 7 clove 260 hibernation 78, 189 timber 259 Hibiscus 46 Hoferella 54

350 hoferellosis 54 horn shark 201 hogchoker 296 hornfish 238, 252 hogfish 57, 176 shortsnout 238 hoisting line 54 hornwort 207 Holacanthus 9, 209, 289 horse 107, 260 (see also sea Holarctic Region 159 horse) hold (of a ship) 197 horse race 229 holder, line 148 horsefish 40 holdfast, hold-fast 76, 206 horsefly 231 hole 184, 191, 200 horsemackerel, horse in ice 137, 191 mackerel 23, 137, 240 in stream bed 25 horseradish 273 hollow 41 horseshoe crab 143 hollowsnout 190 horsetail 270 hollushickie 272 hot dog 216 Holocentrtts, Holocentridae 19, Hottonia 256 209, 211, 235 houndfish 216 Holoccphali 271, 274 housefly 72, 150 Holochilus 119 housing (of an engine) 109 Holophoridae 116 houting 213, 224 holoplankton 51 Houttttynia cordata 58 Holothuria 51 Hucho Holothuria, holothurian 51, 160 hucho 132, 246 Holothurioidea 51, 120, 160 ishikawai 246 Holotrichia 86 perryi 49, 246, 278 Homaloptet•a, Homalopteridae 185 taimeiz 114, 246 Homarus 164 hull (of a ship) 109 homing 272 humantin 111 homocercal 201 hummock 250 hood 273 hummocky ice 125 hook 70, 119, 151, 186, 188, hump 52 233, 259, 292 Inimpback whale 50, 52, 100 hook-and-line gear 151, 233 hunt, hunting 170 hook-nose 129 husbandry, animal 72, 220 hookear 127 Huso 20, 89, 167 hoop 160, 189 hyaena, Hyaena 47, 271 hoop net 34 Hyalospongia 57 hoopoe 174, 259 Hyas 113 Hoplegnathats, Hoplegna- Hybognathus 271 thidae 157, 165 Hybonnitra 232 Hoplias 251 hybrid 22, 41, 66, 115, 206, Hoplichthys, Hoplichthyidae 185 220, 286 Hoplobrotttla 124 Hydaticus 24 Hoplopterus 283 Hydra 46, 170 Hoplostetlzus 164 Hydracarina 101 horn 207 hydrachnid 101

351 Hydrida 46 hypohyal bone 156 Hydrobates 97 Hypomesus Hydrocharis 38, 135 olidus 110, 161, 213 Hydrochirurgus 296 pretiosus 110 Hydrochoerus 38, 93 transpacificus 110 Hydrocotyle 290 hyponeuston 47 Hydrocyon 249 Hypophthalmichthys 250 Hydrodictyon 223 hypophyseal 47 hydrogen-ion 205 Hypoprion 5 hydroid, Hydroidca 46, 190 Hypoptychus 179 Hydrolagus 46, 271 Hyporhamphus 191 Hydromantes 215 Hypostomus 156 hydromedusa 46 hypothalamic 47 hydrometer 40 Hypotricha 85 Hydrometra, hydrometrid, Hypsypops 45 Hydrometridae 38, 45 hypural (bone) 47 Hydromys 119 Hysterocarpus 72 Hydrophiidae 79 Hydrophilus, hydrophilid, Hydrophilidae 38 Hydrophis 124 Ibidorhyncha 223 hydropolyp 46 Ibis 82, 94, 102 Hydro potes' 164 IBVV 82 Hydroprogne 278 IBYuM 82 Hydrosaurus 297 ice 102, 125, 148, 171, 191, Hydrous 38 197, 250 Hydrozoa, hydrozoan 46 frazil 288 Hydrurga 126 hummocky 125 hyena (see hyaena) pack 125 Hygrosoma 67 ice jam 75 Hyla, Hylidae 98 icefish 124 Hymenodora 116 Icelus 86 Hymenopenaeus 116 Ichthyobdellidae 182 Hynnis 271 ichthyofauna 86 Hynobius, Hynobiidae 254, 258 ichthyology 86, 278 hyoid arch 66 ichthyomass 86 hyoid bone 188 Ichthyomys 86, 119 hyomandibular 187 144 hyostyle 47 ichthyoneuston 86 Hypentelium 284 Ichthyophis 212, 279 Hypericum 77 Ichthyophonus 24 Hyperoglyphe 47, 140, 275 ichthyophthiriasis 86 Hyperoodon 25,28 Ichthyophthirius 86 Hyperoplus 179 Ichthyopis 212, 279 Hyphessobrycon 155, 248 ichthyosaur 86, 213 hypodermal 188 Ichthyoscopus 77

352 ichthyosis 282 Indo-Malayan Region 159 Ichthyosporidiuin 24, 86 industrial 197 ichthyosporidosis 24, 86 industry, fishing 197, 213, 272 Icosteus, Icosteidae 84, 211 Inerfnia 23 Ictaluridae 112, 236 inertia, moment of 147 Ictalurus 235, 236 infauna 85 Ictiobus 27 infection 38, 74, 76 ide 43, 188, 278, 296 infective 84 Amur 128, 278, 296 infestation 76, 281 Tumen 296 by Acanthocephala 3, 294 Turkestan 296 by Argulus 12 identification 165 by Caligus 89 Idiacanthus, Idiacanthidae 83, by Cyathocephalus 275 241 by Ergasilus 68, 293 idol, moorish 75, 76, 83 by larval mussels 48 iguana 83 by lceches 18, 47, 181, 182 ilicium 84 by nematodes 193 Ilischa 84, 285 by Sporozoa 144 ilisha 47, 84, 221 by tapeworms 25, 62, 63, 88, illegal fish 142 95, 197, 249, 253, 275 illegal fishery 25 by trematodes 153, 165 Illex 89 degree of 76, 85 Illybius 249 of Chinese carp 226 imago 105 inflammation 41 immature 147, 295 infraoral bar 184 immature fish 209 Infusoria, infusorian 11, 79, 85, Impatiens 198 86, 152, 205 importance 36, 259 ing-form 84 index of 84, 85 Inia 25, 60, 85 important 244 174unZCUs 25 improvement 141 inlet 184 inaccurate 170 insect, Insecta 23, 35, 42, 74, inanga 3 76, 120, 128, 130, 131, 148, Inarticulata 184 153, 157, 175, 176, 207, 212, inbred 84 223, 246, 247, 262 Incalcarea 154 insertion (of a fin) 167 incense burner 5 installation 237 incidence of infestation 76, 292 instant 147 inclusive 105 instantaneous rate 113 inconnu 3, 4, 20, 107, 122, Institute 37, 49, 54, 78, 82, 86, 154, 245 89, 181, 249, 261 increment 195 intake, water 37 index 16, 41, 79, 85, 189 integral 274 index of shore development 112 intensity 85, 153 Indian Ocean 67, 231 fishing 85, 263 individual 288, 292 of competition 107

353 interhyal (bone) 172 jack 94, 137, 226, 240 interopercle 141 Almaco 123 interorbital 204 amber- 109, 123, 223 interorbital distance 74, 197, 204 bar 94 interorbital space 197 black 94 interorbital width 74 blunt-jawed 94 intertidal zone 168 crevalle 94 interval 197, 204 Hawaiian 94 intrinsic 244 horse-eye 94 intuitive 151 longfin 94 inverse relationship 74 Malabar 94 inversion 160 Senegal 94 Invertebrata, invertebrate 19, 22, six-banded 94 46, 55, 57, 94, 155 jack (salmon) 98 investigation 232 jack mackerel 137, 240 IOAN 86 jack snipe 45 I pnops, Ipnopidae 86 jackassfish 52, 62 Irediparra 296 jacket 160 iris, Iris 86, 96, 179, 180 jacksmclt 13 Irish lord 29, 30, 191 jacopever 163, 230 Irish moss 96 jaeger 186, 192, 201, 235, 250, iron chink 100 267 Irregularia 67 jam 75 isinglass 101 Jams 123 /sistius 6 jaundice, trout 71 islet 168 javelin-fish 40 /so 13 jaw 278 isobath 83 human 231 Isoetes 191, 204 lower 156,278 isohaline (line) 83 upper 278 isolate 83, 240 jawfish 24, 165 isopod, Isopoda 84, 167, 180, jawspreader 77 201, 202, 247, 290 jellyfish 25, 109, 141, 174, 241, Isospondyli 220 243, 244 isthmus 197 Jenkinsia 139 Istiophorus, Istiophoridae 108, 174 jerked meat 43 I surus 6, 137 jcwfish 53, 56, 62, 162 itaiara 86 jig 166, 187, 233 item 160,288 jigger (for fishing) 233 ivasi 82, 217 John Dory 120,235 Ixobrychus 40, 42, 274 Johnius 53 join 285 joint 230, 233 jolthead 90 Jabiru 296 Jordanella 267 Jacana 296 Jordanicus 210

354 Jordanidia 73 key role 34 Jotunrs 99 key-fruit 118 journal 73 Khawia 88 jowl 1 8 khawiosis 88 Juday, Dr . Chancey 62 khramulya 273 Juday net 224 kibinago 219 judgment 165 kidney 19 4 jugular 28 5 kidney disease 74, 156 jump 215, 229 kilka 99, 100, 212, 219, 223, 257 juniper 147, 198 killdeer 80 Jwncus 227 killer whale 100, 110 Jurassic (period) 295 killifish 96, 268 juvenation 147, 164 killing, selective 41 juvenile 147, 295 Kinalev net 22 3 kind 192 K king 109 king eider 264 kabeljou 53, 54 kingmackerel 88, 138 Kachuga 280 king whiting 118 kahawai 132 king-of-the-herring 109, 205 kale, sea 97 kingfish 15, 33, 53 Kali, Kali 72, 89 black-banded 123 kalinka 89 northern 53 Kalrybvtuz 89 southern 73 kaluga 3, 8 9 kingfisher 45, 7 8 Kamchatka steelhead 222 kingklip 100, 106, 124, 170 Kamptozoa 219 kink 75, 89, 104 karabiner 101,211 in a rope 98 karakurt 93 Kinorhyncha 100 Kareius 90 Kinosternon 280 karst 96, 202 kipper 209, 220 kawakawa 255 Kishinoella 255 keel, keeled 99, 28 2 kite 11 0 of fish 99 kitefish 210 of ships 99 kittiwake 49, 146, 277 sinker 197 klevant 101 keel-throat 99, 18 0 klipfish 101 kegani 98, 113 knife 157 kelee 47 knife-fish 117, 157 kelp 8, 38, 39 knife-jaw 157 kelpfish 46 knightfish 211 kelt 33, 169 Knipowitschia 29 keta 99 knob 28 7 kettle 111 knot 160, 178, 201, 259, 260, 285 Ketupa 234, 267 knotted 76 key 165 knotted wrack 1 3

355 knotweed 54 112, 122, 148, 150, 154, 160, known 83 161, 167, 178, 194, 197, 230 Kobus 103 flood-plain 237 Kogia 98, 103 karst 96 kokanee 72, 96, 103, 114, 155 oxbow 240 koku 103 lake sediment 48 Konosirus 107 lafia 156 koro 5 Lamellibranchiata 60 Kowala 103 lammergeier 25 krestovka 116 Lamna, Lamnidae 5, 6 krill 93, 117 lamp-shell 184 Kryptophaneron 267 Lampanictus 123 Kuhlia 121 lampara net 123, 154 Kuhliidae 120 lampern 145 kundzha 121 Lampetra 144, 145 Kurtus, Kurtidae 122 lampfish 123, 158 kutum 122 lamprey 27, 35, 43, 80, 142, kvok 98 144, 145, 155, 178, 184, Kyphosus, Kyphosidae 101, 211 195, 208, 222 lamprey-pot 27, 109 Lampris, Lampridae 118, 123, 165, 235 Labe° 89, 123, 208 lance (see sand lance) Labracoglossa, Labraco- Lanceolaria 176 glossidae 246 lancer 126 Labrador tea 15 lancet 124, 166 labrid, Labridae 57, 77 lancetfish 8, 271 Labroides 57 land 151 Labrus 57, 77, 179 landing net 188 labryinth 151 landings 64, 261 labryinth fishes 123 landlocked 72 Lacedo 78 language 296 Lachnolaimus 57, 176, 211 lantern 268 Lactarius, Lactariidae 20, 123, lanterneye 267 147 lanternfishes 11, 144, 211, 230, Lactoria 120 292 lacustrine 161 Lapemis 78 ladder, fish 213 lapwing 180, 282, 283 Ladislavia 37 Larimus 54 ladybird beetle 23 lark 70, 282 ladyfish 221, 247 Larus 27, 51, 102, 140, 273, 277 Lagenodelphis 61 larva, larval 86, 143, 240 Lagenorhynchus 19, 60, 61 carapid 34, 248 Lagocephalus 83, 227 carp 166 Lagodon 123 coelenterate 184 lake 38, 64, 66, 74, 76, 84, 102, crustacean 89, 130, 141, 240, 267

356 echinoderm 26, 65 leatherleaf 145 eel 126 leatherpickets 238 fish 88, 126, 130, 194, 206,219 leatherskin 128 Idiacanthus 83, 241 Lebbeus 116 insect 130 Lebiasinidae 125 midge 148 Lebistes 58 mussel 48 Ledum 15 ophiuran 169 Lee's phenomenon 266 polychaete 130, 254 leech 18, 46, 181, 182, 195 rockfish 130 lefteye flounder 12, 25, 89, 91, sea-urchin 294 276 shrimp 198 Let ua 50, 127 sponge 130 legless 19 tornaria 250 Leiognathus, Leiognathidae 129, trematode 143, 153, 249 239 turbellarian 130 Leionura 17 veliger 174 Leiostomus 239 lascar 111 Lemna 213 lashing 21, 118 length (of a fish) 42, 63, 189, latchet 179 195, 201, 213, 262 Lateolabrax 243 length (of rope) 106 lateral line 128 lenguado 92 lateral teeth (of lampreys) 37, 80 lenok 125,263 Lates 124, 162 Lentospora 126 Laticauda 185 lentosporidosis 126 Latilus 124 leopard 126 Latimeria 124 leopard seal 126 Latridopsis 146 leopard-fish 80 Latris, Latridae 124 Lepadogaster 195, 264 lattice 205 Lepas 264 launce (see sand lance) Lepidion 254 laver 193,215 Lepidium 72 law 75 Lepidochelys 280 lay (eggs) 143 Lepidocybium 138 layer 232 Lepidopsetta 90, 91, 92 lead (of a net) 34, 56, 59, 74, Lepidopus 214 75, 99, 142, 154, 246, 247 Lepidorhombus 141 leader 186 Lepidosiren, Lepidosirenidae 59, leading 34 282 leaf-fish 156, 210 Lepidotrigla 179 leak (noun) 38, 191 Lepidurus 290 Leander 116 Lepisma 212 leap 215 Lepisosteus, Lepisosteidae 88, leather carp 96 173, 290 leatherback (turtle) 133, 280 Lepomis 163,274 leatherjacket 274 Leptagonus 126

357 Leptestheria 126 sea 262 Leptobotia 126 trophic 262 leptocephalus (larva) 126 Levripora 185 Leptoclinus 135 LGU 124 Leptodactylus 218 Libellula 242 Leptonychotes 257 Lichia 130 leptopel 126 lid 119 Le ptophidium 170 life cycle, life history 72, 109, Leptoptilus 139 184, 190, 275 Le ptoscopus 77 life zone 266 Leptostraca, leptostracan 153, 202 lifebelt 194 Lernaea 126 lifebuoy 194 Lernaeocera 126 lift (of a net) 41 lernaeocerosis 126 lift, fish 212 lernaeosis 126 lift net 131, 217, 223 lesion 216 lifter, long-line 297 Lestes, Lestidae 135 light 218, 261 Lestidiops 34 light-and-dark-bottle method 230 Let hoiremus 118 light-fishing 218 Le thrinus, Lethrinidae 126, 218 lightfish 37, 52 lettuce, sea 215 lighthouse 140 Leucalburnus 260 Ligula 62, 128, 205 Leucaspius 35, 36, 139, 160 ligulosis 128 Leucichthys 213, 221 Lile 219 Leuciscus lily 128 agassizi 292 chocolate 216 aphipsi 19 pond 120 bergi 219,278 sea 128 borysthenicus 23, 67, 89 water 120, 128, 292 brandti 115 Limacidae 232 cephalus 49 Limanda 69, 128 danilewskii 68 aspera 90, 128, 279 idus 188, 296 ferruginea 69, 90 latus 68 herzensteini 90 lehmanni 68 limanda 69, 128 leuciscus 68, 141 proboscidea 91 lindbergi 68 punctatissima 90 nakonensis 258 sakhalinensis 128 schmidti 68, 278 yokohamae 92 so uf ia 10 limb, of curves 36 squaliusculus 68 limestone 83 waleckii 278, 296 Limicola 56 Leucosolenia 57 liming 83 Leuresthes 13 limit 128, 141 level 147,262 Limnatis 182 replacement 75, 262 Limnocottus 287

358 Limnodromus 34 Spanish 147, 296 Limnogale 248 lingcod 78, 169, 248 limnoplankton 128 lingual 296 Limnoporus 38 lingual plate 296 Limnoria 218 linguistic 296 Limosa 34, 243 link 77 Limosella 133 linkage 76, 244 limpet 23, 11-8, 261 Liman 125 limpkin 12 Liocassis 110 Lirnulars 143 Liognathus 239 Linaria 125 lion, sea 125 line 34, 38, 45, 126, 128, 187, lion-head 135 189, 226, 231, 233, 250, Liopempheris 24 264, 277, 287 Liopsetta 90, 91 bottom 187 lip 56 brace 260 Liparis, Liparidae 129, 232 brail 187 Liparops 118 cork 38, 160, 187, 189, 190, lipoid 180 193, 196 Lipotes 61 fishing (angling) 76, 94, 104, lique-lique 283 126, 197, 258, 259 Lissemys 280 ground 56 Lissodelphis 60, 61 hanging 160 Lithodes, Lithodidae 114 head 187 Lithoclomars 92 in a table 242 Lithofagus 267 lateral 128 Lithognathars 127 lead 7, 38, 56, 169, 187, 189, Lithophaga 267 193, 196 little auk 135 mantle 128 little bittern 40 mooring 285 little crake 121 of nets 193 little stint 120 of stations 45 littoral zone 130 pallial 128 Littorina 21, 130, 261 pursing 190, 254 live-bearer, livebearer 45, 96, 180 shore 112 liver 176, 180, 189 straight 205 liver fluke 60 top 187 liver-body coefficient 112 tow 88 Livoneca 128 Wallace's 128 lizard 297 line holder 148 Galapagos 83 line-trawl 297 New Zealand 46 linen 191 lizard's-tail family 58 ling 147,290 lizardfish 21, 76, 211, 255, 293, 297 Australian 252 Lo 178 Mediterranean 296 loach 41, 43, 127, 181 (see also southern 152 spiny loach, stone loach)

359 loaf 94 lotus 133 loaf sponge 94 louse 41 lobate 132 carp 96 lobe, lobed 132, 149 fish 12, 41, 70, 213 lobe-fin 100, 124, 132 lousewort 150 Lobivanellus 282 louvar 133 Lobodon 114 Lovettia 131 Labo tes, Lobotidae 123, 130, 252 low-water 141 lobster 61, 164, 202 lower 239 flat 225 Lubomirskia, Lubomirskiidae 57 Norway 116, 164 Luciocephalus, Lucioce- rock 123 phalidae 290 shovelnose 202 Lucioperca 243 spiny 123, 277, 280 luderick 47 locate, locating, location 133, 288 Ludwigia 135 lock 288 Ludwigothuria 51 log-book 73 lug worm 178 logarithmic rate 113 Lumbricidae 279 loggerhead turtle 131, 280, 281 Lumbriculus 62 logperch 177 Lumbricus 42 logs 97, 250 lump 287 Loligo 89, 131 Lumpena 135 long-term 176 Lumpenella 135 longitudinal 196 Lumpenus, Lumpeninae 135 longline, long-line, long-lining 36, lumper 160 77, 176, 186, 219, 237, lumpfish 40, 62, 118, 181, 195, 232 273, 297 lumpsucker 40, 118, 136, 150, longtail, false 131 174, 181, 210 lookdown 191, 220 Lunda 250 lookup 35, 53, 260 lungfish 17, 59, 198, 207, 282 loon 44, 103, 120, 157, 186, 205 lure 212 loop 179 Lutjanus, Lutjanidac 134, 163, loosestrife 34, 61, 135, 187 171 Lophiidae 157, 208, 211,259 agenes 134 Lophiomus 282 analis 134, 171, 233 Lophius 211, 259, 282 apodus 97, 134, 153 Lopholatilus 55, 97, 273 argentimaculatus 134 Lophotus, Lophotidae 67, 133 aya 134 Loricaria 237 buccanella 134 Loricariidae 132 campechanus 134 Loricata 173, 271 erythropterus 134 loricate 173 eutactus 134 lorna 132 gibbus 134 loss 193, 251 griseus 134 Lota 152 jocu 134,272 Lotella 133 lineolatus 134

360 malabaricus 134 Korean 137 sanguineus 134 leopard 175 sebae 134 lysan 128 synagris 134,233 Monterey Spanish 137 idvanus 134 Pacific 88,231 Luira 41,42 Peruvian jack 273 Luvarus, luvar, Luvaridae 133 Peruvian snake 293 Luzula 161 Philippine 231 Lycenchelys 128, 130 rake-gilled 231 Lycichthys 33, 80 school 137 Lycodes 128 short 231 Lycodidae 232 slimy 231 Lycogrammoides 232 snake 46, 137 Lyconectes 116 Spanish 137, 138, 175, 231 Lycopodium 184 spotted 231 Lycoteuthis 123 spotted Spanish 138 Lycothrissa 128 tropical 231 Lyinnaea 198 mackerel scad 240 Lymnocryptes 45 Macoma 137 lymphocystosis 128 Macrochelys 279 Lysimacha 34 Macrochirichthys 282 Lythrum 61, 187 Macrodotz 117 Lythrypnus 29 Macrognathus 272 Macrohectopus 295 Macronectes 27 meroplankton 138 maasbanker 240 Macropodus 138 machete 140, 221 Macrorhamphosus, Macrorham- machine 140 phosidae 19, 209 mackerel 16, 97, 137, 138, 154, Macrostomias 138 175, 183, 229, 231, 255 Macrotrema 232 Atka 125, 163, 243, 248 Macrourus, Macrouridae 64, 65, Atlantic 231 138, 190 Black Sea 283 Macrozoarces 20 blue 137 Macrura 202 bullet 255 Macruronus 142 Chinese 137,255 Macruroplus 274 chub 231 madai 246 double-lined 137 Madreporaria, madrepore 108 Easter 231 madrepore organ 184 frigate 14, 255 Maenidae 232 goma 231 magazine 73 horse (see horsemackerel) maggot 119, 165 Indian 231 magnitude 62 jack 137, 138, 240 of competition 107 king 88, 138 magpie 237

361 mahi-mahi, mahimahi 65, 109, manna grass 139 137, 209, 249 manner 266 mahseer 140, 263 Mania 66, 139, 229, 282 maigre 37, 38, 53, 244, 268 mantle 139 mainline 273 mantle line 128 Ma ja , Majidae 113, 174 manubrium 241 Makaira 139, 140 manyspines 146 mako (shark) 6, 7, 137 manywhiskers 146 Malacanthus 23 maple 101 Malaclemmys 280 marabou 139 Malacocephalus 64 Marâne 224 Malacocottus 29 mare's tail 237 Malacomys 119 marganei 90 Malacosteus, Malacosteidae 138 Margaritifera, Margaritiferidae 71 Malacostraca, malacostracan 153, margate 273 201,203 marigold 89 Malapterurus, Malapteruridae 236 bur 279 malaria 105,239 marine 148 malarmat 138,253 marinka 139 malformation 262 maritime 148 mallard 118, 119, 220, 264 mark 143 Malleus 147 marked fish 209 Mallophaga, mallophagan 37 market 15 Mallotus 146, 260 marketable size 201 malma 139 marking 143 mamba 198 marl 142 mammal, Mammalia 37, 75, marlin 108, 139, 140 145, 289 marlin spike 217 man 24, 62, 63, 148, 153, 165, marlinspike (a fish) 138 194, 231, 240, 293, 295 marsh, marshy 24, 77, 253 man-eater 4, 135, 278 marshy trefoil 253 man-of-war, Portuguese 45, 266, Marsilea 140 268 Marsipobranchia 143 man-of-war fish 157, 174, 210 marsupial mouse 150 management, manager Martensiella 215 fish or fishery 212,213 Martes 212 manatee 123, 227 martin, sand 242 Manclus 215 maskinonge 140 mandarin dragonet 139 masonfish 24, 165 mandarin duck 66, 139, 297 mass 208,250 mandarin fish 14 Mastacembe lus, Mastacem- mandibular arch 66 belidae 128, 272 manefish 55, 95 mastax 140 mangrove 139 masticatory 71 manhole 54 Mastigophora 71, 267 manifestations 101 Masturus 133

362 masu (salmon) 86, 137, 226 Melatnphaes, Melamphaidae 47, matamata 140 141 material 244 Melanitta 227, 256 raw 15 Melanogranunus 180 matter 36 Melanonidae 141 suspended 242 Melanostomias, Melanosto- mature 36 miatidae 18, 141 maturity 190 Melanosuchus 88 maxilla, maxillary (bone) 35, Melanotaenia 212 278 Melanotaeniidae 141, 201 Maxillopoda 138 Melletes 31 maxim 75 Meloidae 73 mayfly 143, 187 member 77, 292 meadow 189 membrane 160, 176, 297 meadow-mouse 190 branchiostegal 70 meagre 53, 166 Mene 142 meal 74 menhaden 140, 142, 150 mean 189, 223, 239 African 24 geometric 239 Atlantic 150 harmonic 239 largescale 337 weighted 239 Peruvian 140 meaning 79 Menidae 142 measles, German 115 Menidia 142 measured 143 Mentha 150 measurement 83 Menticirrhus 53, 54 measurer, water 38 mentum 187 meat, dried 244 Menyanthes 33, 253 mechanism 75 merganser 80, 117, 118 medaka 141 IVIergus 117, 118, 133 median 239 meristic 184, 244 medium 239, 261 merlanka 142 medusa 116, 141, 242, 292 Merluccius 142, 143, 152, sessile 41, 141 273, 290 medusa fish 199 mermaid 208 mecizina 141 meroplankton 143 Megalaspis 240 Merostomata 143 Megalob atrachus 215 merou 143 Megalobrama 127 mesentery 26 Megalocottus 206 mesh 179,285 Megalops, Megalopidae 247 of a net 160, 179, 193, 223, megalops (larva) 141 224, 248, 285, 297 Megaloptera 24, 37 Mesidothea 247 Megaptera 50, 52, 100 Mesocottus 15, 188 Megascolides 279 Mesogobius 15, 31 Megaphrys 282 Mesogonistius 162 megrim 141 mesoparasite 141

363 143, 272 mesopelagic fish 52 migrating, migratory 132, 188, 200, 272 Mesoplodon 100, 205 migration 228 mesopterygoid (bone) 37 downstream 151 mesothorax 239 feeding metabolic expenditure 251 mass 208 53 metabolism 26, 159, 166, 184, Miichthys 144 189 mikizha 262 metacercaria 62, 143 milfoil, water Metacottus 287 milk 147 20, 123, 147, 268, 269 Metapodius 296 milkfish 250 metapterygoid (bone) 74 milkwort 30, 31, 187, 287 metathorax 74 miller's thumb 197 Metaveli f er 254 millet Metazoa, metazoan 145 wild 254 99, 146 meter, current 35 millipede 93 method 143 millrace Methynnis 210 milt 147, 247 Metridium 46 Mimulus 57 86 Mczozoic (era) 141 mineral 62, 157 MGU 141 mink Michaelmas daisy 13 minke whale 144, 190 minnow 28, 33, 52, 92, 96, 114, Microcephalophis 124 115, 139, 178, 212, 226, Microcottus 30 Microcyprini 96 235, 271 Microdesmidae 144 Altai 52 10 Microgadus 250, 252 andruga 52 Micrometrus 72 Balkhash Chekanovsky's 52 microplankton 144 52 Micropogon 53, 117 Chersky's 52 Micropterus 162, 163, 164 Chinese Microsporidia, microsporidian 54, Colchis 52 71, 144,244 dace- 260 52 microsporidosis 144 Danzig lake Microstomus, Microstomidae 91, fat 52 138, 139, 296 Ignatov's 52 52 Microtus 190 Issyk-kul 52 middle 223, 239 Lagovsky's 41, 52, 142, 147, 149 midge 77, 105, 149, 249, 271 lake feathery 77 Lake Van 247 52, 161 phantom 105, 176 Manchurian lake 52 scum 105 mid-Volga lake mud (see mudminnow) midge larva 148 midshipman 194, 210 Polish 52 52 midwife 15 Poznan migrant 143, 189 riffle 28 migrate downstream 229 Sakhalin 52

364 short-tail 52 Monocentrus, Monocentridae 211, Suifun 52 287 Tashkent riffle 35 Monocirrhus 210 Zaisan 52 Monodacna 147 mint 150 Monodactylus, Mondactylidae 210 Minytrema 284 Monodon 153 Miocene (period) 145 Monogenea, monogenetic 237 Mirounga 232 monogenosis 147 mirror carp 96 Monognathidae 161 Misgurnus 43 Monogononta 104 mismis 54 Monoplacophora 147, 161 mist 140, 192 Monopneumones 161 Mistichthys 145 Monopterus 259 mite 101,270 monotonically 147 Mitra 285 monotonously 147 M ob tile, mobula, Mobulidae 66, monsoon 150 139, 146, 207 moon 202 moccasin, water 79, 290 mooneye 133 Mochocidae 236 moonfish 40, 142, 165, 191 mode of life 160 moorhen 93, 121 moderate 261 mooring buoy 25 Modiolus 203 mooring line 285 MOIP 146 mooring post 122 mojarra 46, 129, 149 moorish idol 75, 76, 83 moki 146 moose 133 M ola, mola, Molidae 50, 133, Mora 148 203, 235 moray (eel) 57, 149, 226 molar 71,80 morid, Moridae 133, 148, 188, molar tooth 80 254 Mollienesia 140 Moringua 148 mollusc, mollusk, Mollusca 23, mormyrid, Mormyridae 63, 102, 25, 26, 45, 51, 60, 62, 118, 148,258 147, 150, 161, 163, 168, 173, Mormyrops 290 202, 218, 222, 232, 279 Morinyrus 102, 148, 232 molly 147,212 mormyshka 148 Molpadonia 51 morning-glory 43 Molva 147, 290, 296 Morone 123, 163 moment 147 morphological 184 Monacanthidae 67 mortality 46, 75, 233 Monachus 256, 257 compensatory 233 moneywort 34 depensatory 233 monk 147 mass 46 monkey 15 mortality rate 112, 189, 233 monkey flower 57 morwong 62, 148 monkey goby 15 Moscow Naturalists 146 monkfish 9 mosquito 105, 148

365 mosquitofish 45, 212 ramada 99 92, 94, 124, 168, 217, Mosrybvtuz 148 saliens 226, 284, 287 moss 149 floating 215 so-iuy 175 Irish 96, 149 Mugilidae 99 muksun 66, 104, 13 8, 147, water 268 moss animal 150 149, 225 92, 94, 99, 124, 130, 150, Motacilla 255 mullet 168, 207, 217, 226, 249, Motella 152 moth 147, 148 284, 287 244 sea 65, 147, 174 Australian red moth fly 15, 148 bighead 50 mother-ship 140 Brazilian 99 motionless 233 freshwater 99 229 mottled 200 golden (grey) moult 128, 129 grey 84, 99, 130 mound (of a salmon redd) 27 immature 284 mouse 150 Indian 99 marsupial 150 large 217, 226 99, 168 mouth 207 leaping (grey) of a river 264 little 54 62, 99, 217, Movdacia 145 long-finned (grey) movement 148, 272 226 19, 175, 180 lvioxostoma 146 Pacific mrigala 149 red 17, 244 17, 130, 244 mucilage 159, 232 striped 57, 99, 168 mucophilosis 149 thick-lipped (grey) 99 Mucophilus 149 thin-lipped (grey) mucosa (of the uterus) 232 yelloweye 99 mucous, mucus 191, 232 Mullidae 17, 103, 244 244 mud 84, 175 Mulloidichthys flowing 220 mulloway 53 mudminnow 23, 67, 125, 157, Mullus 17, 244 180, 234, 261 multiplier 149 mudpuppy 197 multitude 146 mudskipper 103, 198, 211 mummichog 268 Muraenidae 149 mudwort 133 Muraena, Muraeneso- mugger 117 Muraenesox, 149, 258, 259 Mugil 99, 130 cidae auratus 92, 94, 124, 168, 217, Muraenolepis, Muraenole- 226, 284, 287 pidae 174, 259 brasiliensis 99 Murex 15,218, 261 capito 99 murre 44, 88, 89, 283 cephalus 99, 130 murrelet 135, 200, 240 chelo 99 mursa 150 150, 159, 184 labrosus 99 muscle, muscular

366 mushroom 55, 186, 282 ochotensis 29 musical instrument 243 platycephalus 30, 287 muskellunge 140 polyacanthocephalus 29, 98 muskrat 42, 119, 165 quadricornis 30, 32, 98, 188, mussel 22, 144, 203 206, 287 comb 55 scorpioides 98 date 92, 267 scorpius 98, 187, 206 fat 176 stelleri 29, 98, 287 freshwater 18, 48, 176 tuberculatus 28 giant Pacific 144, 203 verrucoszts 28, 98 horse 203 myriapod, Myriapoda 146 knife 176 Myrichthys 145, 258 oriental 176 Myriophyllaun 262 pearl 71 Myripristis 209 swan 18 myrtle 145 swollen 176 mysid, Mysidacea 144 white 65 mysis stage 240 zebra 66 Mystacoceti 100 Mustela 157 Mystus 110, 145, 236 Mustelus 4, 5, 6, 7, 121 Mytilus 144, 203 mutant 201 Myxine 144 mute swan 125 Myxini 144 mutton hamlet 56, 281 myxoboliosis 144 mutton snapper 134 Myxobolus 10, 24, 144 muttonfish 134 Myxocyprinus 144, 297 Mya 201, 203 Myxosoina 35, 126 Mycteroperca 24, 56, 143, 144, myxosomatosis 35 163, 243 Myxosporidia, myxosporidian Myctophidae 99, 11, 144, 230 144, 216, 239 Myctophum 211 myxosporidiosis 144 Myleus 210 Mylio 127 N Myliobatis, Myliobatidae 166, 228 Mylopharyngodon 9, 200 nagorets 151 Myocastor 119, 158 naiad, Nais, Naididae 78, 151, Myopsida 94 153, 164 Myosotis 154 nail 46 Myotis 154, 158 Najas 153 Myoxocephalus 28, 29, 30, 31, naked 19, 51 98, 187, 206 nander 152 aenaeus 30, 98 Nandus, Nandidae 146, 152 axillaris 28 Nannoperca 152 brandti 98 Nannopteruna 16 jaok 32, 98 Nannostoma 152 rnednius 29 nannygai 21 niger 30, 98 nanophyetosis, Nanophyetus 153

367 nanoplankton 144, 152 Nemamyxine 144 Nansenia 139 Nematalosa 155, 256 Narcine 228 Nematoda, nematode 62, 107, Narke 49, 228, 229 118, 157, 168, 175, 204, 217, narrows 260 238, 267, 276 narwhal 67, 153 Nematohelminthes 118, 155 Naso 158,210 Nematonurus 64 Nassa 261 Nemertea, Nemertinea, nemerti- Nasturtium aquaticum 72 nean, Nemertini 155 Natica 261 Nemichthys, Nemichthyidae 156, native 3, 268 258, 259 Natrix 260 Nemipterus, Nemipteridae 22, natural selection 169, 220 95, 155, 156 Naucoris 183 Neoceratodus 17, 59, 207, 282 Naucrates 133, 180, 210 Neoclinus 234 nauplius 108, 153 Neodiplostomum 74 nautical 148, 260 Neoditrema 63 Nautichthys 31 Neofiber 165 Nautilus, Nautiloidea 108, 153 Neogene (period) 155 nautilus 153, 282 Neogobius 15, 22, 29, 31, 32, 52, paper 12 97, 179, 208, 286 pearly 108 Neomeris 218 navaga 33, 151 Neomys 122 navigation 161, 250, 266 neon 155,248 Nearctic Region 159 Neoodax 57 neascosis 153 Neopagetopsis 20 Neascus 153 Neophrynichthys 31 neck 285 Neopilina 45, 147 Nectocrangon 288 Neoplatycephalus 185 Nectogale 20 Neoscopelidae 155 Nectoliparis 129 Neotomys 119 Nectomys 119 Neotropical Region 159 Necturus 197 Nepa 230 needle 227 nephritic 194 needlefish 157, 216, 290 nephromycosis 156 Negaprion 4 Nephrops 164 negative 169 Nephrotoma 64 Negogaleus 4 Neptune's cup 120, 278 neiva 154 Nereis 155 nekter 154 neritic 155 nekton 154, 174 Nerophis 78, 82 nelma 154 nest 27, 48 Nelumbo 133 net 36, 58, 76, 99, 131, 143, Nemachilus 49, 50, 51, 57, 153, 154, 156, 164, 166, 167, 177, 262 186, 188, 191, 192, 193, Nemadactylus 62, 130, 156 223, 265, 285

368 bag 224 newt 253, 254 cargo 156 Nezutnia 138 conical 189, 223 nibble 101 continuous line of 21 nibbler 47 dip 223 niche 157 drift (see drift net) nictitating membrane 176 egg 223 night sergeant 3 fixed 239 nightshade 114 fyke (see fyke net) nigrita ' 156 gill (see gill net) Nikolsky 222 holding 214 nipple 238 hoop 34 Nipponia 82 Juday 224 no-see-um 146 keep 214 Noctilio 212 Kinalev 223 Noctiluca 158 lampara 123 Nomeus, nomeid, Nomeidae 140, landing 188 157, 174, 199, 210 large-meshed 118, 224 non-biological 3 lift (see lift net) non-breeding 209 mid-water 267 norm, normalization 157 plankton 183, 223 Normanichthys 92 pound 59, 111, 131, 154 North Temperate zone 79 Pyarnus 142 Norway lobster 116 ring- 223 nose 157 saury 131,223 nosefish 158 to set, to shoot 41, 137 nostril 157 silk 183 Notacanthus, Notacanthidae 146, trammel 17, 205, 223, 224 158, 238 trap (see trap net) Notai zone 79, 158 trawl (see trawl) notation 159 wall 224, 241 Notobranchus 158 water- 223 notochord 243, 272 net port 124 Notolepis 158 Netta 114,115 Notonecta, Notonectidae 48 Nettastomidae 156, 259 Notopogon 209 netting 156 Notopterus, Notopteridae 158, nettle 283 198, 238 Netuma 236 Notorhytichus 55, 222 network 223 Notoscopelus 158 neural arch 66 Notostraca, notostracan 290 neuromast 46 Notothenia 158, 252 Neuroptera 223 Nototheniidae, notothenid 102, neuston 154 158, 222, 251, 281, 287 new-born 153, 157 notothenoid fish 106, 186, 287, newcomer 196 289 Newfoundland dog 38 Novumbra 157

369 Nucula, Nuculidae 166 Octomanus 41 nudibranch, Nudibranchiata 51, octomitosis 161 232, 261 Octomitus 161 Octopoda 51, numb-ray 49 octopus, Octopus, numbers 283 60, 168, 239 numbfish 229 Octoradiata 108 Numenius 117 Ocydromus 187 numeral 276 Ocypode 113 numerical value 79, 147, 189, 244 Ocyurus 71, 134 Nuphar 120 Odacidae 57 148 nuptial 26, 27 Odobaenus 164 nurse shark 156 Odocoileus nursery 181 Odonata 242 Odontaspidae 4, 5, 6 nut 166 Odontaspis, 13, 180 nutria 158 Odontesthes nutrition, nutritional 181 Odonthalia 161 100 nutritive base 15 Odontoceti 161 Nybelina 249 Odontostomus Nyctaea 234 Oegopsidae 89 Nyctereutes 234 Oenanthe 164 Nycticorax 98, 274 offshoot 169 Ogcoce- Nycticryphes 19 Ogcocephalus, 132, 156, 165 nymph, nymphal 76 phalidae Nymphaej 120 oil 40, 73 51, 208 Nymphoides 24 oil-fish, oilfish Okhotsk Sea 170 O old man 240 old wife 104 oar 36 old woman 240 oarfish 109, 205, 222 old world 240 164 object 160 Oligocene (period) 62, 78, observations 36 Oligochaeta, oligochaete observe 133 139, 151, 164, 182, 289, 292 obvious 151 Oligomera 139 occasion 201 Oligoneura 187 occasional 293 Oligoplites 274 Occella 129 oligotrophic 164 occipital (bone) 72, 76 ombre 54, 137, 148, 247 occipital crest 55 Ommastrephes 200 occiput 76 Ommatophoca 257 occurrence (percentage) 36, 259 Omosudis, Omosudidae 164, 165 ocean sunfish 50, 133 omul 165 ocean whitefish 124 onchus 70 Oceanites 97 Oncocephalidae 132, 165 Oceanodroma 97 Oncorhynchus 98, 132, 133, 155 Octocorallia 108 gorbuscha 53

370 keta 99, 147 Opsanus 70 kisutch 99 Opsarüchthys 251 masou 22 6 orange 1 1 nerka 3, 12, 114, 155, 160 orbit 4 1 tshawytscha 277 orbital ossicle 48, 111 Ondatra 42, 119, 16 5 Orcella 6 1 one 20 1 Orcinus 100, 110 Onega, Lake 108, 142, 214 Orcynopsis 25 Oneirodidae 165 order 193, 262 Onos 152 Ordovician (period) 16 6 Onychoclactyltts 254 Orectochilus 35 Onychoteuthis 89 Orectolobus, Orectolobidae 5, 6, Onychophora 165 7,3 7 oodinosis, Oodiniunz 165 Oregonia 113 ooze 8 4 Oreoleuciscus 68, 167 opah 118, 123, 133, 165, 235 orfe 166,296 opaleye 4 7 organ 166 Opalinina, opalinid 165 organic matter 242 opening 169, 203 organic object 25 6 operate, operation, opera- organisms, community of 22, 84 tional 165, 262, 292 oriental essence 29 3 opercle, operculum 70, 110, 189 ormer 264 opercular bone 70, 119 Ornithorhynchus 264 Ophichthys, Ophichthyidae 258 Orobanche 40 Ophidiidae 26, 106, 170 Orthopagurus 202 Ophidion 17 0 Orthopristis 40 Ophiocephalus, Ophioce- Oryzias, Oryziatidae 141, 166 phalidae 78 Osbeckia 6 7 Ophiodon 78, 169, 248 oscillation 76 ophiopluteus (larva) 169 osman 7, 103, 127, 167 Ophistmus 258 Osmeridae 110 Ophiura, Ophiurae 169 Osnaetzrs ophiuran, Ophiuroidea 78, 169 dentex 80, 110 Opisthobranchiata 74, 261 eperlantts 110, 233 Opisthognathats, Opisthog- inordax 110, 151, 16 1 nathidae 24, 165 Ostnttnda 283 Opisthonema 140, 165 Osphronetnus 58 Opisthoproctus 165 osprey 166, 230 Opisthopterus 221 ossicle 48, 111 Opisthorchis 165 ossify 161 opisthorchosis 165 Ostariophysi 96, 111 Opistltoteuthis 168 Osteichthyes 111 opisthotic (bone) 75 Osteogeniosus 236 Oplegnathus 165 Osteoglosstttn, osteoglossid, opossum, water 165, 183 Osteoglossidae 12, 102 opposed 197 Osteolaemus 11 7

371 Ostorhinchus 157 oviparous 96, 296 Ostracion, Ostraciidae 120 ovum 84 ostracod, Ostracoda 168, 203 owl 234, 245, 261, 267 Ostrea, Ostreidae 263, 264 Owstoniidae 160 ostroluchka 168 oxbow 39, 122 0 taria 125 0 xygaster 282 Otariidae 257 oxygen 75 Otis 37, 62, 66, 242 Oxylebius 248 otolith 92, 104, 111, 169 0 xymonacanthus 67 Otolithes 53 0 xynotus 111,274 Otolithoides 112, 169 0 xyporhamphus 191 Otolithus 210 0 xyura 214 0 tomys 119 0 xy uris 168 0 toperca 169 oyster 263, 264 0 tophidium 170 oyster bed 264 otter 41, 113, 192 oyster drill 218 African nailless 41 oyster reef 214, 264 American 41 oyster-catcher 116, 121, 237 cat 41 Congo nailless 41 eastern nailless 41 giant 41 Pachithyone 51 Indian 41 pack ice 125 Malay 42 paddle 36, 124 old-world 42 paddlefish 36, 145 sea 23, 37, 41, 89 Pagellus 127, 161, 171 seashore 41 Pagodroma 28 spotted-neck 42 Pagophila 277 otter trawl 169 Pagothenia 287 otter-board 65 pagre 171 Otystomus 258 Pagridae 127 outbred 14 Pagrus 127, 171, 246 outflow 86, 241 Pagurus, Paguridae 169, 202 outlet 86 paint 114 outline 198 painter 266 outlook 176 pair 59 ouzel 164 paired fin 19, 183 ovary 296, 297 Palaearctic Region 159 overall 105 Palaemon, Palaemonidae 116 overexploitation, overfishing 176 Palaemone tes 116 overflow 201 Palaeogene (era) 171 overhead 171 palate 153 overpopulation 176 palatine (bone) 153 overthrust 151 palatine teeth 80 overturn (of a lake) 160 Paleosuchus 88 oviduct 296 Palinurichthys 140, 171

372 Palinurus, Palinuridae 123 Paralomis 114 Pallasina 129, 172 Paralonchurus 54 palliai line 128 paralysis 226 palolo 172 parameter 189 Palometa 172 Paramoecium 85, 86 palometa 251 Paramyxine 144, 173 palp 245, 263, 276, 290 Paranthias 65 Palpigrada 290 Paraonyx 41 paludal 24 Parapercis 173 Paludicola 24 parapophysis 173 Pampus 210 Parapristipoma 134, 196 Pancratium 173 Parasilurus 235, 236 Pandalopsis 283 parasite, parasitic 60, 76, 84, 85, Pandalus, Pandalidae 116, 283, 238, 281, 292 288 barnacle 203 Pandion 166,230 branchiuran 12 pandora 171 coelenterate 190 panga 94 copepod 89, 126, 226, 293 Pantodotz, Pantodontidae 148, 209 crustacean 128, 203 pantopod, Pantopoda 146, 173, mallophagan 37 174 nematode 168 Panulints 123 protozoan 102, 149, 239 paper nautilus 12 trematode 146, 238 Papilio 174 parasphenoid (bone) 174 papilla 9, 238 Parastromateus, Parastroma- parabola 173 teidae 268 Parabramis 127 Parasudis 174 Paracanthurus 271 Paratya 116 Paracireta 86 paravane 173 Parachrhites 120 pargo 93 Paracrangon 288 parietal (bone) 247 Paracubiceps 128, 173 Paristiopterus 88 paradise fish 138 Paroctopus 168 Paragyrops 95 parr 108, 133, 179, 190, 233 Paralabrax 88, 123 parroquet auklet 19, 90 Paralepis, Paralepididae 34, 291 parrot 57 Paraleucogobio 177, 178 sea 57, 77, 124, 208 Paralichthys 172, 173 parrotfish 56, 57, 77, 165, 192, adspersus 92 211, 228 brasiliensis 90 parsley 179 californicus 172, 173 parsnip, water 193 dentatus 90, 172, 173 part 166, 265 oblongus 92 particular 189 olivaceus 172 partridge 121 Paralithodes 113 Parupeneus 17, 103 parallel 227 Pasiphaea, Pasiphaeidae 174

373 pass, fish 213 Pellonulinae 221 Patella 23 Pelmatozoa 241 Patellaceae 118 Pelobates, Pelobatidae 282 path 200 Pelodytes 116 patrolman 64 Pelomedusa 279 pattern 75 Pelomys 119 pea clam 54 Pelotretis 90 pearl 293 Peltorhampus 90, 175 pearl disease 74 pelvic, pelvis 27, 246 pearl-spot 71 pelvic fin 26, 54, 56, 183, 204 pearleyes 71, 72, 230 Pempheris, Pempheridae 24, 97, pearlfish 94, 210, 212, 226, 266 175 pearly nautilus 108 pen 176 peat 96, 250 Penaeus 116, 175 pebbles 45 pencilfish 138, 152 Pechora River 250 Penetopteryx 82 Pecten, Pectinidae 55 penguin 181, 183 pectoral 56 pennant 250 pectoral fin 183, 204 Pennatularia 176 pedicellaria 174 pennywort, water 290 Pedicularis 150 Pentaceropsis 88 Pediculati 282 Pentaceros, Pentacerotidae 34, 88, peep-hole 48 175 peeper 98 Pentaprion 62 Pegasus, Pegasidae 65, 147, 174 pentastomid, Pentastomida 200 pejerrey 15, 109 pentatomid, Pentatomidae 281 pelagial 174 Pentenemus 172 pelagic 250 Penthorum 200 pelagic amphipod 295 Peponocephala 60 pelagic eggs 84 pepper, water 250 pelagic fishes 286 peppergrass 72 174 pepperwort 140 pelagobenthos 174 Peprilus 18, 118 ,Pelagocyclus 174 Perca 161, 162 pelagos 174 Percarina 69, 87, 176, 237 Pelagothuria, Pelagothuriidae 51 Perccottus 28, 50, 208, 251 pelamid, Pelamis 124, 175 Percesoces 161 Pelecanichthys 91 perch 14, 56, 156, 161, 162, 278 Pelecanus 15, 175 Balkhash 162, 247 Peleciformes 36 banded sea 163 Pelecus 282 Chinese 163, 226 Pelecypoda 60 climbing 9, 123, 164, 190, 211 peled 175 dusky 143 pelican 15, 175 dusky sea 162 pelican's foot 157 dwarf 72 PeIlona 84 giant 124, 163

374 glass 163 persistence, feeding 182 Indian 11 perspective 176 Indian glass 162 pesticide 267 Japanese viviparous 72 pestilence 284 lettered 162 petal 126 little 152, 164 petrel 27, 28, 97, 192, 246 Nile 124 Petri dish 278 ocean 69, 162 Petromyzon 145 Pacific ocean 68, 102, 162 Petromyzontia, Petromyzon- pearl 162 tidae 144, 145 pirate 14, 181 Petrus 79 riffle 164 pH 205 sand 53 Phaeophyceae 38 sea 243 phaeoplankton 266 shiner 238 Phaeton 266 silver 53 phagocytic 266 stone 162 Phalacrocorax 15, 16 target 235 Phalaris 16 tule 72 phalarope, Phalaropus 121, 183, viviparous 63, 72, 162,293 185, 192 white 123 Phalloceros 97 yellow 162 Phanerodon 72 perche de mer 238, 269 phanerogams 204 Percidae, Perciformes, Per- Phaneroglossa 9 coidei 13, 145, 161, 243, Phanerozonia 77 274, 278, 284 pharyngeal 48 P ercina 177 pharyngeal arch 66 Percis 129 pharyngeal bone 48, 156 P ercophis, Percophididae 21, 176 pharyngeal teeth 48, 80 Percopsidae 176 phase 266 Percopsis 104, 132, 178, 268 pheasant 266, 296 Peridinea 71 phenological year 266 period 190 phenomenon, Rosa Lee's 266 periodic 176 Philacte 20 Periophthalmus, Periophthal- Philomachus 256 midae 103, 198 Philoinetra 267 periphyton 160, 176 philometrosis 267 Periplomatidae 131 philosopher 267 Peristedion 138, 179,253 Phlebotoinus 148 peritoneum 27 Phoca Peritricha, peritrichian 11, 86 caspica 155, 256 periwinkle 21, 130, 256, 261 fasciata 118, 174, 257 Perla 36 groenlandica 19, 103, 135, Permian (period) 176 223, 256 permit 192, 251 hispida 4, 156, 256 Persei, Perseus 176 sibirica 155

375 stejnegeri 256 pickerel 243, 290, 291 vitulina 156,256 pickle 255 vitulina largha 124 piddock 92 Phocaena 218 piece 289,292 Phocaenoides 218 pier 28 Phocidae 256 pig 218 Phoebetria 8 pigeon 51 Phoenicopterus 267 Cape 51 Pholadidea 218 pigfish 40 Pholas, Pholidacea 92 pigment 114 Pholidapis 140 pike 267, 278, 284, 290, 291 Pholis, Pholidae 140 Amur 290 phoronid, Phoronida 268 blue 243 phosphorous cycle 118 gar 20, 88, 102, 290 Photoblepharon 267 Nile 148, 290 photosynthesis 230 saury 137 Phoxinus 52, 149 pike conger (see conger) phozalon 267 pike flesh 290 Phragmites 254 pike pestilence 284 phrase 42 pike-perch 243 phryganeid, Phryganeidae 268 pikehead 290 Phrynelox 102 pilchard 180,217 Phrynorhombus 91, 207 pile (of drying fish) 23 Phucocoe tes 20 pillar 242 Phycis 152 pillbug 201 Phylactolaemata 150 pilot 133 Phyllophorus 51 pilot whale 56, 61, 100 phyllopod, Phyllopoda 126, 130, pilotfish 133, 180, 210, 211 202, 203, 204 Pimelodus, Pimelodidae 180,235 Phyllopteryx 106, 255 Pimelometopon 57 phyllosoma (larva) 267 pimple 165 Phyllospadix 125 pincer 101 Phylum 249 Pinctada 71 Physa 266 pine 237 Physalia 45, 108, 235, 236, pinecone fish 211, 213, 287 266, 268 pinfish 123 Physeter 98 pink 46 physical, physico-chemical 3 sea 46 Physiculus 152, 252, 266 pink salmon 53,114 Physoclisti 75 Pinna 202 Physostomi, physostomous 169 pinniped, Pinnipedia 124 phytobenthos 267 Pinnotheridae 113 Phytomastigina 71 PINRO 181 phytoplankton 267 pintadilla 181 Pica 237 pintail 41, 264, 286 picarel, pickarel 163, 232 Pipa 181

376 pipe 293 Planorbis 97 pipefish 78, 82, 83, 106, 254, 286 plant (noun) 46, 58, 74, 204, piper 179 242, 267 pipes 270 plant (verb) 42 pipesnout 254 plant plankton 267 pipewort 286 plant-eating fish 209 pipit 106, 289 plantain, water 278 pirana, piranha 181, 278 planting (fish) 42, 76, 186, 193, Pisces 208 212, 214 Piscicola, Piscicolidae 181, 182 planula (larva) 184 piscicolosis 181 plastic, plasticity 181, 184 Pisidium 54 Platacidae 184 Pisodonophis 25, 79, 258 Platalea 104 pit 96, 297 Platambus 55 pit-organ 46 Platanista, Platanistidae 60, 244 pitching 97 Platax 156, 184 pizhyan 200 plate 184 placoderm, Placodermi 173, 209 supra-oral 35 Placophora 271 Platemys 280 Plagiogeneion 144, 163 Platichthys 90 Plagiognathops 71, 224 Platophrys 207 plague 284 platy 180, 184, 291 plaice 91 Platycephalus, Platycepha- Alaska 90 lidae 185 American 92 Platycnemis 185 plan 200 Platyhelminthes 174, 185 Planaria, planarian 183 Platypoecilus 180 plane (on a net float) 151 platypus 264 Planigale 150 Platyrhina 228 plankter 183 Platysternon 280 planktobenthos 183 Plautus 44, 135 planktology 183 Plecoglottis 14 plankton 143, 152, 174, 183, Plecoptera 36 193, 223, 232, 242, 249 Plectognathi 239 animal 79 Plectorhynchidae 231 bottom 64 Plectorhynchus 40, 227, 231 filterable 183 Plectropomus 243 lake 128 Plectropterzts 58 plant 267 Plegadis 94 pond 183 Pleistocene (period) 184 river 183, 193 plerocercoid (larva) 184 surface 266 plesiosaur 184 plankton net 223 Plethodon, Plethodontidae 215 plankton organism 183 pleurobranchia 184 plankton-eater 184 Pleurodeles 254 planktophage 184 Pleurodira 279

377 Pleurogramma 222 pod (of whales) 241, 246 Pleurogrammus 125, 248 Podica 124 Pleuronectes 90, 91 Podiceps, Podicipidae 186, 284 flesus 48, 90, 91 Podocnemis 281 platessa 91 Podonema 188 quadrituberculatus 90 Podothecus 129 Pleuronectidae 90, 91, 92 Podura 23, 157 Pleuronectiformes 92 poeciliid, Poeciliidae 45, 96, Pleuronichthys 91 143, 180,212 pleuston 184 pogge 129 Pliocene (period) 185 Pogonias 16,53 plot, plotting 197 Pogonophora, pogonophore 186, Plotosus, Plotosidac 236 272 ploughshare 238 Pogonophryne 25 plover 45, 80, 224 point 151 black-bellied 255 poison, poisonous 17, 65, 77, 93, Caspian 80 94, 159, 174, 226, 249 crab 204, 206 poison hemlock 36 curve-billed 80, 116 polar 191 eastern long-legged 80 polar bear 141, 170 golden 206, 224 pole 242 greater sand 80 Polimixia (see Polymixia) grey 255 Pollachius 190, 214 Kentish 80 pollack 135, 190 killdeer 80 pollan 213,225 little ringed 46, 80, 81 pollen 200 little snow 206 pollock 214 Mongolian sand 80 Alaska 145, 190 ringed 45, 80, 81 walleye 145 semipalmated 45, 80 pollution 74, 185 snow 206 pollywog 50 snowy 80 Polyacanthono tus 146 sociable 116, 180 Polycentropsis 146 spur-winged 283 Polycentrus 146 Ussuri 81 Polychaeta, polychaete 26, 130, white-tailed 180 146, 150, 172, 190, 226, 254 plug 212 Polycladida 256 plugar 186 Polydactylus 172, 173 plumb bob 56 Polygonum 54, 55, 250, 264 Pneumatophorus 231 Polymera 146 poach, poaching (fish or game) 25 Polymixia, Polymixiidac 17, 21, poacher 3, 126, 129, 172, 173 42, 433 pochard 20, 114, 115, 158, Polynemus, Polynemidae 172, 224, 281 173, 190 Pocillopora 164 Polyodon, Polyodontidae 36, 145, pocket 143 190

378 polyp 190 pondweed 75, 153, 204 Polypera 129 Pontoporia 61 Polyplacophora 173 pool 25, 74, 297 Polypoditnn, polypody 146, 190 poor catch 154 Polyprion 162, 190 poor-cod 252 Polypteridae 14 6 pope 68 Polypterzzs 22, 146 poplar, black 16, 168 Polysteganus 79, 80 population 18, 153, 196, 240 Polystoina 146 population curve 116 polyzoan 150 population dynamics 62 Pomacanthns 9, 209, 289 Populus 168 Ponzacentrus, Pomacentridae 191, porbeagle 6 192, 206 Porcellanidae 113 Pomadasidae 23 1 porcupinefish 13, 59, 68, Poinadasys, Pomadasyidae 40, 62, 210, 22 7 191, 196, 207, 209, 227, porgy 79, 90, 95, 192, 227, 238 270, 273 Chersky's 95 Poznatoznus 134 coarse-scaled 95 Poznatosclzistzts 29, 30, 31, 130 grass 95 pomfret 25, 26, 127, 192, 24 3 humped 9 4 Atlantic 127 jolthead 18, 90, 95, 227 bigscale 127 littlehead 95 black 40 longspine 9 4 Chinese 210 rock 165 flathead 127 saucereye 90, 94 Pacific 127 Schlegel's 94 silvery 173,21 0 yellow 246 Poznolobus 192 Porichthys 210 Poznoxis 114 Porifera 57 pompano 192, 240, 25 1 porkfish 97 African 8 Porocotttts 29, 30 blue 192, 251 Poronottzs 193 Irish 149 Poronutra 141 Pacific 18, 172 Porphyra 193 round 192 Porphyrio 244 Senegal 25 1 porpoise 3, 60, 200, 218, 288 pomphorhynchosis 192 black finless 218 Pomphorhynclzzzs 192 Burmeister's 218 pompom 192 California 21 8 pond 26, 83, 159, 175, 198, Dall 21 8 200, 214, 240, 246, 249 harbour 3, 200, 218 pond plankton 18 3 northern right whale 60, 61 pond scum 24 9 spectacled 21 8 pond snail, pond-snail 72, 125, striped 61 298 True's 218 ponding 76 porrocaecosis 19 3

379 Porrocaecum 193 prawn 116, 175 116 portage 39 Dublin Portuguese man-o'-war 45, 108, pre-anal 10 64 266 Precambian (era) Portunus, Portunidae 113 precept 75 166 Porzana 121, 122, 187 precipitation 271 position 190, 262 predator 10 positive 190 predorsal 194 post 242 preferred 83, 194 mooring 122 preferred temperature 194 trading 266 preglacial 36 post-dorsal 193 preliminary observations 141 post-glacial 187, 193 premaxillary (bone) 194 post-orbital distance 197 preopercle, preopercular post-spawning condition 133 preorbital 194 postcleithrum 74 prey 64, 72 Priacanthidae 97, Posthodiplostomum 74 Priacanthus, postlarval stage 240 162, 164, 194 46, 194 postorbital (bone) 74 priapulid, Priapulida posttemporal (bone) 74 prickle 286 44, 135, 234, 241 postulate 190 prickleback pot (of a net) 111, 122, 214, 229 priest 13 Potamalosa 221 priestfish 69 Potamobiidae 202 prince 86 Potamochoerus 218 principal 34, 195 Potamogeton 204 principle 75, 195 potamoplankton 183, 193 Prionace 4, 6 Potamotrygon, Potamotry- Prionodes 92 gonidae 228, 270 Prionotus 179, 253 potential 149, 193 Pristidac 180, 229 feeding 182 Pristigaster 195 Potentilla 124 Pristigasterinae 99, 180 Poterion 120, 278 Pristigenys 97, 196 Pristiophoridae 180 pothead whale 56 Pristiophorus, pound net 111, 131, 154, 169, 214 Pristipoma, Pristipomatidae 196, pout 20, 252 209 134, 168, 209 eel (see eelpout) Pristipomoides Norway 252, 293 Pristis 180, 229 silvery 44, 252 Pristiurus 6, 180 spotted wolf 130 pro-estuarine 194 whiting 252 proboscis-fish 272 powan 224 Procellaria 27, 28 power 149, 189, 241 Procellariformes 254 pox 168 process, processing 169, 182 practice 166, 194 Procottus 287 pratincole 61, 115, 133, 249 Procyon 68

380 production 41, 113, 196 protozoea (larva) 198 productive 262 protuberance 27 productivity 196 province 159 profile 198 provision 159 profit 219 proviso 263 progeny 193 prowfish 76 project 272 Prozorovskaya's method 16, 73 prolarva 194 Psammechinus 67 Prolatilus 92 psammon 198 Prometheus fish 197 Psenes 199 Promethichthys 197 Psenopsis 199 Promicrops 56, 86, 197 Psephurus 36 pronotum 176 Psettichthys 91 prootic (bone) 176 Psettidae 210 prop 188 Psettodes, Psettodidae 91, 172, propagation, artificial 201 199, 257 Propenmussium 55 Psettus 210 property 189, 238 Pseudanodonta 19 proportion 169 Pseudaphritis 106 proposition 263 Pseudaspius 72 prosobranch, Prosobranchia, Pseudecheneis 237 Prosobranchiata 175, 261 Pseudemys 280, 281 Prosopium 33, 106 pseudo- 199 prospect, prospecting 176, 177 Pseudobagrus 110 prosperity 159 Pseudobalistes 67 prostatic gland 71 Pseudoblennius 127 Proteidae 197 pseudobranch 131 proteocephalosis 197 Pseudobranchus 227 Proteocephalus 197 Pseudochaenichthys 20 Proterorhinus 30, 32 Pseudogobio 127 Proteus 197 Pseudolabrus 127 prothorax 175 Pseudomonas 20, 267 Protista, protistan 71, 198, 272, Psndoneuroptera 131 292 Pseudopentaceros 175 protobranch, Protobranchia 175 Pseudoperilampus 54 protocephalon 198 Pseudopimelodus 237 Protociliata 165 Pseudoplatichthys 91 Protoclepsis 182 Pseudo pleuronectes 90, 92 Protomyctophum 198 Pseudopodiata 131 Protopterus 59, 198 Pseudorasbora 199, 219, 278 Prototroctes 198 Pseudorca 110 Protozoa, protozoan 85, 102, Pseudorhombus. 90 109, 131, 134, 144, 158, Pseudoscaphirhynchus 127, 162, 165, 197, 198, 201, 132, 229 205, 217, 239, 243, 249, Pseudosciaena 53 254, 267, 268, 271 Pseudoscopelus 72

381 Pseudotolithes 54, 93 northern 227 Pseudotriakis 5 oceanic 83 Pseudotriton 253 parrot 83 Pseudupeneus 244 redfin 234 Psolus, Psolidae 51, 122 smooth 227 Psychoda, Psychodidae 15, 148 southern 234 Psychrolutes, Psychrolutidae 29, striped 83 199 true 83 Psylocephalus 67 whitespot 83 Pterasteridae 76 yellowfin 83 Pteridium 166 pufferfish 77 pteridophyte 191, 204 puffin 86, 250, 255, 256 Pterobranchia 119, 274 Puffinus 27 Pterodroma 246 Pugettia 113 Pterogobius 29, 30 pugolovka 199 Pterogymnus 94 pulangy 3 Pterois 118, 210, 230 Pulmonata, pulmonate Pteronura 41 (snail) 125,261 Pterophyllum 9 pump, fish 212 pteropod, Pteropoda 119 pumpkinseed 163, 274 Pterothrissa 199 Pungitius 104, 105 Pterothrissus, Pterothrissidae 48, Puntazzo, puntazzo 80, 102, 271 199 Puntius 200 pterotic (bone) 119 pup 75,289 Pterotis 118 fur-seal 281 Pterotrigla 179 pupa 120 Pierycombus 127 puppet 120 pterygoid (bone) 37 Purpura 195 Ptcrygota 175 purse 112 Ptilichthys, Ptilichthyidae 199 purse seine 112, 154 Ptiloscelys 283 pursing 243 Ptychocheilus 96 pursing rings 7, 104 Ptychoramphus 200 pussy 112 pufaro 162 putassu 200 puffer 67, 83, 227, 234, 268, putrcfaction 48 282, 285 putting together 268 bandtail 211 Pyarnus net 142 box 120 pycnocline 180 brown 227, 234 Pycnogonida, pycnogonid 146, checkered 211 173, 174 Congo 140 pygidium 180, 290 eyed 234 Pygidium, Pygididae 33, 180, 237 freshwater 122 pygidization 180 grass 83 Pygocentrus 181 Japanese 83 Pygasrelis 181 leopard 234 Pyrosoma 181

382 Q aleutica 228 batis 228 quahaug 203 binoculata 228 qualitative 75, 97 braclzyura 228 quantitative 104 circularis 228 quarry 96, 250 clavata 129, 229 Quaternary (era) 98, 282 doellojuradoi 228 queen (scallop) 55 erinacea 228 queenfish 272 fusca 229 Quensela 296 fyllae 228 Querquedula 101 hyperborea 228 quietness 288 interrttpta 228 quilifish 199 keuojei 229 quillwort 191 laevis 228 quintal, metric 274 mit•aleutis 228 quota 107 ocellifera 228 catch 56, 128 parmifera 229 quotient 278 picta 228 plantaua 228 R radiata 228 rosispinis 228 rabbitfish 178, 197, 225, 271 snzirnovi 229 race 18, 192, 203 spinicauda 229 raceway 93 tengu 229 Rachycentridae 103, 156, 204, violacea 228 223 rajamas 17 Rachycentron 87, 103, 223, 281 Rajidae 228 rack 75 raker, gill 70, 256 Raconda 202 Rallus, Rallidae 174 racoon 68, 153 ram (of a pile-driver) 15 crab-eating 68 Rainnogaster 139 radar 133 Ramplziclztlzys 203 Radiata 201 Raua 135, 136 Raclicula 273 random 232 radioactive disintegration 244 range 12, 62, 107, 198, 275 Radiolaria, radiolarian 134, 201 Raniceps 136 Radix 198 Ranodon 136 radula 201 Ranuuculus 135 Radulinopsis 29 Ranzania 203 ragfish 84, 211 rapacious 25 ragpicker 106 rapids (in a river) 28, 137, 192 rail 121, 174, 187 Rasbora 203 rain, rainfall 18, 166 Rastrelliger 231 rainbowfish 201, 212 rat Raja 129, 228, 229 beaver 119 alba 228 black 119

383 228 brook 119 Chinese thornback fishing 86, 119 cownose 166, 229 marsh 119 devil 139, 146 swamp 119 eagle 166, 228, 229 water 119, 190 electric 49, 228, 229 web-footed 119 fantail 228 rat-tail 64, 65, 138 fin (see fin ray) albatross 8 Indian electric 228 229 black 64 Japanese butterfly Clark's 64 Japanese electric 229 common 138 kite 228 firm-scaled 64 longnose 229 rough-scaled 274 marbled electric 228 smooth-scaled 274 Moresby's electric 229 southern 64 numb- 49 spiny 64 of light 134 rat-tailed maggot 119 ribbontail 228 rate (of) 85, 112, 113, 157, 230 sandy 228 death 230 sea-wall 229 exploitation 42, 157 segmented 134 fishing 112 shortlip electric 228 growth 107, 230 shovelnose 209 instantaneous 112,230 soft 134 logarithmic 113 spiny 134 metabolic 112 spiny butterfly 229 mortality 112, 230 spotted eagle 166 228 profit 219 spotted electric replacement of water 38 sting 524 (see also stingray) 129, 228, 229 survival 42, 230 thornback ratfish 46, 271 unbranched 134 ratio 113, 169, 237 whip 270 feeding 112 razorbill 44 forage 239 razorfish 117, 157, 210, 282 ration 85, 159, 204 reach 184 rattlefish 132 reaction 205, 268 Rattus 119 read 43 raven 40 rearing 201 74, 181 sea 28, 39, 40, 206 rearing station (for fish) raw 245 reba 205 raw material 15 recapture (of a tag) 189 ray 7, 66, 134, 184, 192, 207, 228 reciprocal 197 black 229 recorder 244 blind electric 229 recruit 268 branched 134 recruitment 159, 168, 192 branchiostegal 70, 134 Recurvirostra 286 butterfly 229 red emperor 134

384 red-spot disease 115 replacement level of stock 41, 75 redbait 114 report 42 redcap 285 representation (percentage) 36, redd, salmon 27, 48, 112,143 259 redeye 114 reproduction 26, 41, 46, 201 redfin 115, 258, 278 reproduction curve 116 redfish 21, 69, 102, 162, 163 reptile, Reptilia 194, 279 redhead (duck) 158 requirement 193 redhorse 146 food 182 redshank 115, 121, 250, 289 research 153 redwater disease 62 research vessel 37, 45 reed 254 reserves 205 umbrella 244 reservoir 37, 38, 97, 184 reed grass 16,93 resident 72 reedmace 207 residual (salmon) 155, 168 reef 161 resistance 205, 237, 241, 272 reef-fish 59, 77, 80, 124, 219 resorption 176 reel 16, 43, 97, 149, 234, 288 resources 205 reeve 256 respiration 44 refrigerating plant 74 respiratory apparatus 200 Regalecus, Regalecidae 109, 205, respiratory exchange 44 222 rest 189 region 18, 159, 189, 194, 265, 293 resting place (of fish) 125 regression 109, 205 restoration 41 regular, regularly, regularity 75 restrained 233 regulated 262 Retropinna, Retropinnidae 205 reinforcements 192 return 38, 112 Reinh 2rdthts 172 Rexia 205 rejects 169 Rhabdocoela 256 relation, relationship 74, 75, 109, Rhabdopagrus 95 169, 205, 219 Rhabdosargus 216 release (of fish) 42, 76 Rhagio, Rhagionidae 19 releasing 193 Rhamphichthyidae 157, 203 remainder 42, 168 Rhantus 84 remaining 168 rhaphidascaridosis 204 Remora, remora 7, 61, 195, 205 Rhaphidascaris 204 removal, removals 84, 159 rheophilic 205 from a fish stock 159, 176 Rhina 209 of fish from a body of water 42, Rhincodon, Rhincodontidae 5 159 Rhinobatos, Rhinobatidae 48, of fish from a gill-net 42 208, 209, 228, 229 renewal 41, 159 Rhinochimaera, Rhinochimae- replacement 38, 39, 41, 75, 176 ridae 271 replacement density of stock 39 Rhinoderma 136 replacement level of repro- Rhinogobius 28 duction 39 Rhinoliparis 29

385 Rhinonemus 152 right whale 100 Rhinoplagusia 296 rim 34 Rhinoptera 229 ring 104 Rhinosardinia 217 ring-net 223 Rhizocephala, rhizocephalan 203 ring-trawl 206 rhizoid 206 ringed seal 4,156 rhizopod, Rhizopoda 109 ringing (of birds) 104 Rhizostoma 109 Riparia 21, 124, 242 Rhodeus 54 ripple 213 Rhodophyceae 13, 38 ripus 206 Rhodostethia 277 Rissa 49, 146 Rhombosolea 207, 296 river (see also stream) 9, 83, 97, Rhombus 102, 154, 155, 161, 167, 171, laevis 26, 89, 207 176, 178, 182, 183, 191, 194, maeoticus 89 197, 198, 205, 240, 242, 255, maximus 172, 207, 257 260, 264, 297 rhombus 89, 207 river form 73 torosus 89 roach 15, 19, 22, 23, 37, 41, 159, Rhonciscus 40 185, 186, 237, 277 Rhyacotriton 8 Aral 37, 185, 216, 237, 256, Rhynchites 88 278 Rhynchobatus, Rhyncho- Armenian 186 batidae 228 Astrabad 37 Rhynchobdellida 182 Azerbaijan 185 Rhynchops 38 Azov 247 Rhynchospora 170 Black Sea 37, 42, 247 Rhynocophora 64 Bukhar 186 rhythmic 143 Caspian 37 Rhytina 93, 109 Kura 37 rib 205 Lake Charkhal 37 ribbon seal 118, 174 Lake Peter 186 ribbonfish, ribbon-fish 37, 68, north Caspian 23 104, 210, 222 reed 186 ribbontail 126 river 223, 237 rice 206 Siberian 114, 186, 237, 278 wild 206 Uzboi 186 rice-root 216 roadstead 205 ridge 176 Roccus 123, 163 on whale teeth 33 rock 161 ridley 206, 280 rock hind 88 riffle 28, 176, 184 rockfish 69, 130, 163,230 riffle minnow 28 black 164 riffle perch 164 blackthroat 85 rifle 121 bladderless 162 rig 167, 168 blue 68, 162 right 194 canary 162

386 Cape 162 rope 27, 34, 56, 58, 94, 101, copper 163 102, 105, 169, 179, 187, eastern 162 260, 264, 266, 287 eyed 162 foot 56 Joyner's 69 ground 56 kichiji 162 Rorippa 72 northern 69, 163 rorqual 190, 191 nut-brown 163 rosefish 162, 163 oblong 69, 163 rosemallow 46 olive 163 Rossella 57 pigmy 162 Rossia 90 red 69, 163 Rosthramus 110 rosethorn 163 Rostratula 19 rosy 163 Rostrogobio 177 rougheye 69, 85 rostrum 102 Schlegel's 69, 164 rot 26, 48, 70 shortspine channel 162 Rotatoria 104 snowy 69, 163 rotifer 104 Steindachner's 69, 163 rotor 297 tiger 163 roubles 279 Uruguay 69 237 vermilion 162 roughhound 111 yellow 162 roundworm 39, 100, 118, 155, rockling 152 156, 157 rockskipper 198 row 213 rod (for angling) 99, 148, 259 rowboat 59 84 rower 55 rohu 208 rowlock 260 role 34,268 rubble 33 roll (of thunder) 176 rubella 115 roller 33, 97, 139, 207 ruby fish 163 on a trawl 23, 97 rudd 114, 115, 278, 281, 284 sand 104 rudderfish 123, 208, 211, 223 roller (bird) 203, 226 ruff (bird) 40, 121, 256 rolling 97 ruff, ruffe (fish) 13, 22, 27, 68, rollmops 207 87, 111, 214, 247, 275, 278 Roloffia 266 Australian 13, 68 roman 127 black 112, 164, 275, 282 Romanichthys 164 Don 22, 23, 27, 69, 89, 158 Roncador, roncador 53, 207 striped 69, 87, 214, 232, 233 ronko 207 rugose 148 Ronquffits , ronquil 18 rule 75 rookery 15, 75 slide- 243 room 92 Rumex 289 Rooseveltia 181 run, of fish 111, 188, 208, 240, root 108 272

387 run out (verb) 42 salad-eel 144 run-off 204, 241 salamander 8, 9, 136, 197, 214, runner 215, 227, 231, 254, 258, 279 blue 94 Salamandra, Salamandridae 215 rainbow 292 Salamandrina 215 Rupiscartes 198 Salangichthys 124, 215 Rup pia 208 Salangidae 215 rush 227 salema 25 beak 170 Salientia 198 flowering 244 salinity 235 scouring 270 Salix 82 Rutilus 35, 37, 42, 119, 122, Salmo 132 185, 186, 223, 237, 247, 278 clarki 132 ruvetta, Ruvettus 208 fario 178 rye, wild 101,104 gairdneri 133, 222, 268 ischchan 7, 18, 23, 46, 86, s 132, 268, 296 letnica 126 sabalo 22 mykiss 132, 144, 150, 178, 222 sablefish 10, 110, 258, 275 penshinensis 222 sabre 214 salar 132, 133, 222 sabrefish 214,282 trutta 118, 121, 132, 133, 268 sabretooth 214 salmon 27, 74, 83, 100, 102, 107, sac, sack 143 108, 111, 132, 133, 143, 153, egg 295 154, 167, 194, 197, 226, 240, 241 yolk 71 Atlantic 129, 132, 133, 222, fry 129,219 249 Saccopharyngidae 24 Australian 12, 132 Saccopharynx 126, 143 autumn 222 sack 143 Black Sea 133 sackmouth 143 Caspian 99, 121, 132 Sacoglossa 261 chinook 168, 277 sagebrush 191 chum 80, 99, 124, 147, 191, Sagitta 214, 242 195, 222, 226, 269 sagittal bone 50 coho 19, 99, 133, 168 Sagittaria 242 Danube 50, 132, 246 sail 174 dried 295 sail-fluke 141 Formosan masu 226 sailboat 297 freshwater 133 sailfin 34 freshwater masu 226 sailfish 174, 210 Good 17 Saint John's wort 77 jack 98 saithe 214 keta 99 sajene 214 kokanee 72, 96, 103, 114, Sakhalin 93, 124 155 salad 215 lake 132

388 masu 86, 137, 226 sand dollar 67 Pacific 132 sand eel 179 pink 53,114 sand gaper 203 red 114 sand lance 179,293 residual 155, 168 sand martin 242 Sebago 132 sand roller 104 silver 99 sand tiger 5, 6 sockeye 3, 12, 72, 114, 155, sand-smelt, sandsmelt 13, 142 160, 168 sanddab 91 spawning 25 sander 243 spent 33 sanderling 179 summer 75, 114 sandfish 37, 39, 185 winter 75 sandpiper 120, 121, 178 young 228, 233 Aleutian 178 salmon flesh 132, 222 Armstrong's 260 111, 188,272 Baird's 178 salmon shark 5 broad-billed 56, 178 salmonid, Salmonidae 24, 114, buff-breasted 71 132, 190, 268, 275, 284 common 121, 175 salmonoid (fish) 11, 125 curlew 115 Salmothymus 19, 132 green 81, 121, 282 salp, Salpae 215 marsh 193, 260 Salsola 235 purple 178 salt fish 16, 209, 230, 255 rock 178 salting 193 Sakhalin 260 saltwort 235 sharp-tailed 178 Salvelinus 49, 171 shovel-billed 121 alphms 49, 59, 114, 121, 171 Terek 120, 139, 148 andriashevi 49 western 178 boganidae 171 white-rumped 178 drjagini 49 wood 267 fontinalis 171, 268 sandspit 110 jacuticus 49 sandstone 179 lepechini 171, 172 sandwort 179 lettcomaenis 49, 121 Sanguinicola 216 malma 49, 139, 268 sanguinicoliasis 216 namaycush 49, 172 Sanguinolaria 117 ne/va 154 saprolegniasis, Saprolegnia 61, salvelinus 49, 172 216 tolmachoffi 171 Sarcochilichthys 178 Salvinia 215 Sarcodina 217 samara 118 Sarcopterygii 132 Smarts 215 Sarda 25, 174, 175 sand 198 Sardina 82, 180, 216, 217 sand bar, sand-bar, sandbar 75, sardine 180, 216, 217, 219 133, 142, 153, 167, 176, 184 Australian 216

389 Bermuda 217 Saxicava 214 fat 217 scabbardfish 126, 214 flat 217 scad 61, 137,240 gilt 217 bigeye 219, 240 Indian oil 47 Black Sea 217, 231, 240, 246 Lile 219 deep 61 Madeira 217 false 128, 173 market 221 finny 240 Mediterranean 217 Indian 61 Mexican 219 Japanese 62 Morocco 217 mackerel 240 oil 47 Mediterranean 240 orangespot 217 round 62, 225, 240 oval 219 silver 240 Pacific 217 scaffold shark 184 Peruvian 217 scaldfish 12, 91 Queensland 219 scale (of a fish) 63, 103, 104, redear 217 184, 189, 204, 230, 282, 293 scaled 86, 216, 217 scale (of measurement) 16, 287 sharpnose 217 Beaufort 16 South African 217 Prozorovskaya's (for eggs in Spanish 217 fish) 16 spotted 256 Tester's (for fatness) '16,73 tropical 8, 217 scale book 103 west Pacific 82 scaleless 19 zunasi 219 scallop 55 SardineIla 8, 216, 217 scaly skin 282 Sardinops 216, 217 scampi 164 sargassumfish 102 scap net 217 sargo 216 Scapanorhynchus 7 Sargus 95,216 Scaphio pus 132 sarinka 221 Scaphirhynchus 132, 229 Sarritor 129 scaphopod, Scaphopoda 132 satisfactory 194 scapula 132 saucer 23 Scardinius 115 sauger 243 Scaridae 192, 211,228 Saurida 76, 211, 255, 293, 297 Scarus 56, 192 Saurogobio 177, 178 Scatophagus, Scatophagidae 12, 229 saury 131, 137, 214, 231 scatter diagram 109 saw shark 180 scattering layer 232 saw-leaf 247 scaup (duck) 19, 184, 281 sawara 138,214 scavenger 38, 126,218 sawback 280 schelly 224 sawbelly 41,282 Scheuchzeria 285 sawed-off 263 Schilbeidae 236, 286 sawfish 180, 229 Schindleria, Schindleridae 286

390 Schistometoparm 279 scorpion 23 0 schizopod, Schizopoda 202, 204 sea 31, 98, 187, 206, 213 Schizopygopsis 127, 151 water 23 0 Schizothoracinae 96, 204 scorpionfish 68, 69, 118, 163, Schizothorax 13 9 210, 23 0 school (of fish, etc.) 20, 111, scotchman 79 182, 230, 241, 246, 288 scoter 154, 227, 256, 257, 264, schooled, schooling 240 28 1 schoolmaster 97, 134, 153 scouting 189, 197, 201 Sciaena 53, 54, 108, 132 scow 28 5 sciaenid, Sciaenidae 16, 50, 53 , scraper 39 65, 93, 108, 169, 244, 261 black 238 Sciaenops 53 screamer 171 science 86 scud 24, 20 2 scimitar 23 3 sculpin 13, 15, 21, 28, 31, 50, Scit•pus 24, 92, 93, 227 51, 86, 99, 127, 187, 188, scissor-bill 38 207, 253, 28 7 Scizrrus 1 9 abyssal 119 sclerite 189, 230 Alaska fourhorn 206 Sclerocrangon 288 Anadyr 187 sclerotized 271 antarctic 206 scoliasis 230 antlered 29, 30 Scoliodon 4, 5, 7 arctic 98 Scolochloa 254 arctic fourhorn 206 Scolopax 3 3 arctic hookear 119 Scomber 88, 137, 231, 283 arctic staghorn 287 Scomberesocidae 137, 214, 231 Atlantic hookear 119 Scomberesox 137 axillary 2 8 Scofnberomorus 88, 128, 137 , Baikal 13, 287 138, 175, 214, 255 Baunt's sand 287 Scombridae 137, 231 bearded 28, 98 Scombrops 145 belligerent 206 scope 160 Berg's abyssal 287 Scopelarchus, Scopelarchidae 71, Berg's longhorn 29 72, 23 0 Bering 1 3 Scopclidae 230 big Baikal 287 Scopeloberyx 141 big-headed 287 Scopelosautzts, Scopelo- bigeye 253 sauridae 230 bigmouth 261 Scophtlzalmus 26, 91 Bradford's 29 Scops 147 Brazhnikov's 29 Scorpaena 68, 69, 230 brightbelly 30 Scorpaenichthys, Scorpae- broad-finned humped 287 nichthyidae 31, 149 buffalo 3 1 scorpaenid, Scorpaenidae 55, 69, butterfly 31 163, 230 Chersky's 187

391 Chukchi buffalo 31 red 29 Chukchi fringed 30 red Baikal 287 coastrange 187 ribbed 253 Commander Islands 29 rough Baikal 23 crested 29 Russian 187 Derjugin's 29 Sadko's 112 dwarf 287 sailfin 31 Dydymov's 13 Sakhalin 187 elegant 21, 30 Sakhalin fringed 30 elf 29 sand 287 eyeshade 31 sea 31 fat 287 shorthead 287 flathead 29, 287 shorthorn 98, 187 forked 253 Siberian 187, 287 four-spined 206 silverspotted 29, 31 fourhorn 30, 32, 98, 122, 188, silvery 30 206, 287 small-eyed 112 freshwater 31 snailfish 30 fringed 28 soft 29 Galathea 10 southern 206 great 29, 98 southern flathead 287 gurnard 30 spatulate 86 haitej 15, 188, 208 spinyhead 30 Herzenstein's rough 287 spotfin Baikal 178 Herzenstein's staghorn 30 spotted 15, 187 hookear 29, 119 staghorn 30, 287 intermediate 30 Steller's 29, 98, 287 Japanese fringed 30 stone 287 Japanese staghorn 287 tadpole 29, 199 Jordan's 253 tadpole-like 29 Kaganovsky's 187 Thomson's 112 Labrador 98 thread 29 Ladoga 206 toad 31 Leister 29 tubenose 187 little 112 tubercled 28 little fringed 29 Turkestan 188 little spiny 112 twohorn 86 longfin Baikal 63, 287 Vitim 287 mailed 253 warthead 30, 98 moosehorn 8 whiskered 30 mosshead 31 white-spotted 98 Okhotsk 29 yellowfin Baikal 31, 71, 281, Onega 206 287 Pacific 13 scum, pond 249 plain 32, 98 scup 94, 171, 227 psychrolutine 29, 199 scute 73, 184, 290

392 Scutellaria 287 sea-lily 128 Scyliorhinus, Scyliorhinidae 4, sea-mouse 150 5, 111 sea-parrot, sea parrot 57, 77, Scylla 113 124, 208 Scyllarides 225 sea-pen 176 Scyphozoa, scyphozoan 63, 141, sea-pink 46 244 sea-slug, sea slug 51, 232, 261 scythe 110 sea-snail, sea snail 40, 129, 130, sea 148 232, 253, 261, 285 calm 288 sea-snake, sea snake 78, 79, 124, sea anchor 297 174, 175, 185 sea bass (see also bass) 53, 92, sea-spider, sea spider 146, 173, 143, 162, 163, 190, 243 174 sea bat 184 sea-squirt 13, 160, 255 sea bream (see bream) sea-star 76 sea cat 80 sea-urchin, 62, 67, 68, sea cow 93, 109 83, 268, 294 sea dragon, seadragon 65, 106, sea-wall 46 147, 174, 255 seabass (see sea bass) sea eagle, sea-eagle 56, 166, 243 seadevil 117 sea hare 76 seahorse 52, 82, 83, 106 sea horse (see seahorse) seal 125, 155, 170, 256 sea laver 215 Baikal 155 sea lettuce 215 bearded 76, 124 sea lion, sea-lion 125, 244, 257 Cape 111 sea moth 174 Caribbean 257 sea orange 11 Caspian 155, 256 sea otter, sea-otter 23, 41, 89, crabeater 114, 257 192 eared 257 sea raven 28, 39, 40, 206 earless 256 sea scorpion 31, 98, 187, 206, fur 111, 161, 219 213 Greenland 135 sea sturgeon 167, 286 grey 247, 256 sea swallow 115 harbour 124, 156, 256 sea toadstool 55 harp 19, 103, 135, 223, 256 sea worm 155 Hawaiian 256 sea zander 243 hooded 273 sea-adder 105 Kuril 256 sea-anemone 10 leopard 126 sea-bass (see sea bass) monk 256 sea-cucumber, sea cucumber 51, northern elephant 232 94, 120, 122, 160, 161, 252 northern fur 111 sea-haarder 114 ribbon 118, 174, 257 sea-horse (see seahorse) ringed 4, 156, 256 sea-kale 97 Ross's 257 sea-level 262 southern elephant 232

393 southern fur 111 trivittatus 162 true 256 vakiyai 163 Weddell's 257 viviparus 163 seal flipper 124 wilsoni 162 sealing 170 Sebastichthys 163 seam 285 Sebastiscus 163, 164 seaperch 63, 72, 238, 293 Sebastolobus 68, 162, 286 seapoacher 3, 129, 290 Sebastosomus 69 search 189 second-year 41 searchlightfish 266 section 77, 238 searobin 179, 253 sector 265 seasickness, sea sickness 97 Sedentaria 226 seasnail 129 sedge 168, 200, 245 season, fishing 200 sediment 66, 166, 169, 254 seatrout, sea trout 53, 121, 133, seer 138 246, 268 segmented ray 134 seaweed 13, 193 sei whale 82, 100, 190, 219 Sebastes 163 seiche 219 aleutianus 69, 85 seine 7, 39, 41, 131, 153, 154, alutus 68, 102, 162 159, 166, 187, 194, 196, 243, capensis 162 260, 264 caurinus 163 beach 154 fasciatus 162 blocking 154 glaucus 68, 162 circular 154 goodei 163 Danish 15, 65, 150, 153, 233 helvomaculatus 163 drag 26, 63, 65, 148, 153, 154, introniger 85 254, 257 joyneri 69 haul 26, 153, 154 marinus 69, 102, 162 mullet 190 melanops 164 pelagic 123, 154, 223 mentella 69, 102, 163 purse 75, 104, 112, 154, 195, miniatus 162 254, 260, 262 mystinus 162 shore 154 nigrocinctus 163 seine boat 219 nivosus 69, 163 semer 219 oblongus 69, 163 Seiurus 174, 231 oculatus 162, 277 seize, seizing 21, 118, 244 owstoni 69, 163 sekiyama 219 paucispinis 23 Selachii, Selachoidei 7, 192, 273 pinniger 162 Selar 240 polyspinus 69, 163 selected 83, 194 rosaceus 163 selection 169 schlegeli 69, 164 by man 192,220 serranoides 163 index of 85 steindachneri 69, 163 natural 169, 220 taczanowskii 162 selective capacity 239

394 selective harvesting 41 shackle 124, 230, 233 selectivity 83, 220 shad 3, 64, 65, 166, 199, 219, gear 83 220, 221, 285, 288 selectivity index 85 African 137,267 Selene 191, 220 Agrakhan 199 self-thinning 215 Alabama 285 selvage, selvedge 28, 117, 164, allis 8 166, 188 Astrabad 199, 220 semi-anadromous fish 209 Astrakhan 220 semicircular canal 93 Azov 184, 185, 199 sensing 133 Baku 199 Sepia 94, 222 big-eyed 199 sepia (a dye) 222 bigeye 220 sepiolith 222 Black Sea 28, 39, 122, 130, septibranch, Septibranchia 175 167, 188, 208, 221, 239, 247 sequence 193,213 blackback 22, 36, 71, 75, 191, sergeantfish 156, 204, 211, 223, 221, 281 281 Brazhnikov 220 Sergestes, Sergestidae 116 Caspian 199 series 193, 213 Danube 199,206 serin, Serinus 71 eastern 221 Seriola 109, 123, 223, 268 estuarine 199 Seriolella 33, 112, 223 gizzard (see gizzard shad) Serpula 279 hickory 271 Serranidae 56, 93, 162, 223 Italian lake 267 Serranus 162, 243, 268 Kerch 167,220 Serrasalmidae 181, 278 Killarney 267 Serripes 222 Knipovich's 199 Serrivomeridae 258 Krasnovod 221 serushka 223 Kura 221 sessile animals 74 little Volga 219 sessile medusa 41, 141 Mediterranean 267 seston 183, 223, 253 northeastern 199 seston-eating 223 Ohio 285 set (noun) 146, 238, 239 palaeostome 199 set, to Reeves' 47 a hook 188 spotted 221 a long-line 237 Suvorov's 199 a net 41, 42, 75, 239 threadfin 65 set-line 176, 233, 297 twaite 267 Setipinna 223 Volga 220, 226 seventy-four 80 Volga few-rakered 220, 221 sevryuga 219 shadefish 53 sewer 241 shaft 279 sexual products 161, 297 of light 134 shachiburi 131 of the vomer 208

395 shag 15, 16 horn 5, 6, 32, 201 shallow, shallows 142, 169 Indian grey 5 shanny 135, 234, 241 Japanese angel 10 share 107,259 Japanese bullhead 7 shark 4, 7, 26, 37, 66, 96, 111, Japanese saw 180 137, 147, 184, 192, 274 Japanese soupfin 7 alligator 5 Japanese white-eyed 7 angel 9, 204 lemon 4 arrow-headed hammerhead 7 leopard 5 Atlantic angel 9 long-headed sevengill 55 Atlantic sharpnose 5 long-tailed grey 4 Australian sand 4 luminous 6 basking 4 mackerel 6 black angel 9 mako 137 blacknose 6 Malay 5 blacktip 6 man-eater 4, 135 blue 4, 6 Milbert's 6 blue nurse 6 milk 5 bramble 5 night 5 bright thresher 129 nurse 6, 7, 46, 158 broadmouth 7 oceanic whitetip 4 bull 6 Pacific angel 9 bullhead 32 Pacific sleeper 6 Bürger's 4 palasorrah 4 California sevengill 55 pelagic thresher 7, 129 canopy 10 pigmy 5 carpet 5 Port Jackson 6 cat 5 Portugal 6 change 10 reef 6 cow 4 requiem 6 Cuban leopard 5 requin 6 dog 7 salmon 5, 6 dusky 6 sand 6 false cat 5 saw 6, 7, 180 flat-headed sevengill 55, 222 scaffold 184 frill 6, 184 seven-gilled cow 6 fringe 7 sevengill 6, 55, 222 fox 5 sharp-nosed 5 ghost 271 short-tailed 5 giant hammerhead 7 silk 184 goblin 7 sixgill 7 gray 6 smooth hammerhead 7, 147 Greenland 6 soupfin 5, 6 gullY 3 spinax 6 gummy 6, 7, 121 star-spotted 7 hammerhead 244 striped cat 5, 6

396 swell 5, 6 shipworm 65, 186, 279, 285 thresher 5, 7, 129 shipyard 35 tiger 6, 7 shira-uwo 124 tollo 7 shoal 111, 142, 167, 208, 241 true 5 shoebill stork 100 whale 5 shoot 170 whiptail 5 (a net) 41, 42, 239 white 4,96 shore, shore line 21, 112, 173, 297 zebra 5, 6 shore bird, shore-bird 120, 206, sharksucker, shark sucker 7, 195 249, 256, 260, 272, 273 sharptooth 168 shore development 112 shearwater 27, 28, 51, 246 shore up 188 sheatfish 235, 236, 237 shoreward 155 shedder 268 shot 42 shedding 130 shoulder blade 132 sheepshead 40, 53, 95, 124, 210, shoveller (duck) 132, 235, 264, 216, 286 287 sheet bend 260 shovelnose, shovelnose sturgeon sheldrake 160, 174, 256, 264, 127, 132, 229 270 shovelnose lobster 202 shelduck, sheld-duck 13, 33, 44, shovelnose ray 209 174 shrew 20, 28 shelf 169, 218, 285 Himalayan whitesnout 20 shell 65, 202 water 28, 77, 122, 150 amber 297 web-footed 20 clam 104 shrimp 23, 116, 198, 251, 283, comb 222 288 elephant's tusk 79 banana 116 moon 261 bear-cub 288 of a cutdefish 222 bearded 288 of a fish egg 160 blue 116 pen 176 branched-foot 116 purple 261 Brazilian 116 Venus 34 brine 140 wedge 65 brown 116 shellfish 150 brush-footed 116 shemaya 62, 137, 285, 286 burrowing 202 shield 290 Chinese freshwater 116 shift 83 clam 204 shin-bone 21 cleaning 116 shingle 45 common 116 ship (noun) 108, 243, 285 deepwater 116 factory 211, 243 Derjugin's 288 ship (verb) 187 egg-shaped 288 ship capacity 68 fairy 70, 129, 202, 204 shipborer 218 freshwater 116

397 ghost 103, 116, 202 Silicoflagellata, silicollagellate 71 glass 174 Siliqua 279 grass 116 Sillaginidae 20, 226 intermediate 288 Sillaginodes 226 luminous 116 Sillago 20, 226, 227 mud 202 silt, silt load, silting 64, 75, 84, northern 288 242 Pacific grass 288 Silurian (period) 226 pink 116,288 Siluridae, Siluroidei 236, 237 praying 202 Silurus 235, 236 royal red 116 silver salmon 99, 233 San Paulo 116 silverbelly 239 sand 288 silverfish 57, 212 sculptured 288 silverside 13, 65, 142, 180, 233, snapping 202,204 269 spike 288 silvery 222 tadpole 290 Si/vius 232 tiger 116 Simenchelys, Simenchelyidae 258, true 288 259 visored 288 Simu/ium, Simuliidae 149 white 116 simultaneous 227 shrimpfish 157 sinciput 248 shrinkage 262 sinergasilosis 226 shroud 243 Sinergasilus 226 Sialis 37 singing fish 194 sicklebill 223 single-valued 161 sickness Siniperca 14, 163 decompression 99 sink 202 sea- 97 sink-hole 202 whirling 35, 144 sinker 56, 259 side 23 sinker-keel 197 of a vessel 25 Siphamia 227 of dried or smoked Siphonophora, siphonophore 227 fish 121 Siphonops 279 side-stripe 222 sipunculid, Sipunculida 46, 227 side-swimmer 9, 24 Siren, Sirenidae 227 Sideria 226 Sirenia, sirenian 9, 109, 227 sidestripe 222 Sisoridae 15, 236 sieve, caviar 56 situation 160 Siganus, siganid, Siganidae 178, Sium 193 225 size 143, 160, 201 sign 79 size distribution 13 significance, significant 64, 79 skate 228 signa 226 Aleutian 228 siguatera 226 Argentine 228 sihama 227 barndoor 228

398 big 228 slime beetle 84 blue-eyed 228 slime-head 232 Bonaparte's 229 sling 243, 244 common 228 slinger 127 diamond 228 slippery 232 flathead 228 slit 289 hairnose 228 gill 70,289 interrupted 228 slope 217, 218, 230 Japanese diamond 229 continental 218,230 little 228 of a line 118,151 Mexican hairnose 228 sloe 48 mirror 228 sludge 288 northern 228 slug 232,261 shark-tailed 228 sea 51, 232, 261 Smirnov's 229 sluiceway 288 spearnose 228 smallpox 168 spineless 228 Smaris 232 spiny 228 smartweed 54, 55, 264 spiny rasp 229 smelt 104, 110, 151, 161, 205, spiny-tailed 229 213, 215, 238,246 spotted 228 American 110 Tengu 229 arctic 80, 110, 161,217 thorny 228 Asiatic 110 threadnose 229 Baltic lake 110,233 white 228 deepsea 18, 223 skilfish 147, 293 delta 110 skimmer 38 herring 12 skin 103, 144, 147, 153, 216 Hokkaido 238 skipast 229 Ladoga 110 skipjack herring 77 lake 233,243 skipjack tuna 25, 97, 229, 255 longfin 238 skipper 137, 198, 214 New Zealand estuarine 205 slcrei 230 New Zealand freshwater 205 skua 186, 192, 201, 235, 250, night 238 267 Pechora 151 skull 279 pond 85, 110, 161 skullcap 287 rainbow 110 skygazer 35 sand 13 slab, of wood 53 silver 110, 161 slack water 139 surf 110 sleeper 49, 50, 51 Tasmanian 205 sleeping sickness 253 Tym pond 213 slickhead 48 White Sea 110, 151 slide rule 244 smew 118, 133, 168 slider 280, 281 Smilodon 214 slime, slimy 232 smoked fish 16, 209

399 smokehouse 92, 108 snakehead 78, 151, 258 smolt 132, 138, 222, 233 snakeperch 21, 176 smoltification 233 snap 76 smooth 262 snapper 95, 134, 163, 171, 233 smoothhound, smooth hound 5, 6, bigeye 134 7, 121 blackbrow 134 smoothtongue 18 blackfin 134 snag 110,250 bright 134 snaggletooth 13, 131 brown 134 snail 26, 76, 107, 161, 175, 195, chestnut 134 198, 201, 202, 203, 226, 232, dog 134,272 254, 260, 261 gray 134 bog 198 green 134 cask 261 humped 134 covered-gill 189 lane 22, 134, 233 freshwater 133 Malabar 134 gilled 70, 74, 261 mangrove 134 keel-foot 261 mutton 134, 171, 232 lunged 261 Pensacola 134 marine 107, 129, 285 red 21, 134 needle 261 redfin 134 pond 72, 125, 198, 266 silk 134 pulmonate 125, 261 silver 95 ram's-horn 97 silverspot 134 sac-tongued 261 striped 134 sea- (a mollusc) 40, 261 yellowtail 71, 134, 201 sea (a fish) 129,232 snipe 17, 19, 66, 125 umbrella 261 snipe fly 19 snailfish 95, 129, 209, 232 snipefish 19, 209 snake 78, 260, 290 snoek 13, 17, 233 angler 260 snood 186 common 260 snook 17, 206, 233, 275 garter 79 snout 10, 63, 148, 213 hair- 39 snoutfish 102, 148, 203 Japanese water 260 snowfield 117 offshore 258 snurrevad 233 sand 258 society 146 sea- (see sea-snake) socket 48 tiger 260 eye 41 water 260 sockeye (salmon) 3, 12, 83, 98, snake mackerel 46, 137 114, 155, 160, 168 snake-bird 78 land-locked 72 snake-eel 79 residual 155, 168 snakeblenny, snake blenny 133, sodality 83 135 softshell (turtle) 253 snakefish 185, 297 soil 56

400 soldier fiy 135 sotka 238 soldierfish 209, 211, 535 sound wave 232 sole 90, 111, 235, 296 sounder, echo 294 Algulhas 90 sounding lead 56 American 296 soup 235, 264 BlackSea 111,296 soupfin shark 5, 6 Dover 139 South Temperate Zone 79 flathead 91 southeast wind 159 French 111 southwest wind 174 gray 90 sow 218 Japanese little 296 sowbug 167, 201, 202 lemon 91 space 197 lined 296 spadefish 156, 210, 211, 229, oriental 111 294 pellucid 30 spaghetti eel 148 rex 91, 138 spar-buoy 36 rock 91 Sparganium 68,158 roughscale 90 sparid, Sparidae 25, 80, 94, 95, sand 91 190, 192, 227, 238, 246 snout 91 sparrow 40 South African 14 Sparus 14, 65, 78, 94, 95, 238 spotted 296 Spatangus, Spatangoida 67 striped 111 spatterdock 120 Tasmanian 235 spawn 84, 143 west coast 90 spawned out 133, 169 whitebelly 90 spawner 196 yellow 296 spawning 83, 84, 155 yellowfin 90, 128, 279 spawning area 4, 155 zebra 111, 235 spawning channel 93 sole (of a boot) 188 spawning ground 155 Solea 90, 111, 235, 296 spawning group 83 Soleidae 111, 235, 296 spawning place 27 Solen, Solenidae 279 spawning ring 104 Solenogastres 23, 25 spear 170, 216 Solenostomus, Solenostomidae 254 fish 168 Solidago 79 spearfish 108, 174 solidity 186 special 278 solubility (of a gas) 112 species 36, 160 solyanka 235 specific 36 Somateria 44, 55 specific gravity 36, 259 Somniosus 6 specification 263 sorcerers 259 specimen 160, 292 Sorex, Soricinae 28 speckled 200 sorrel 289 speech 296 sort 192 speed 230 Sotalia 60, 61, 255 speedwell 35

401 spent 133, 169 Spirontocaris 116 Spercheus 38 Spirophyra 85 sperm 147, 176 Spisula 203 sperm oil 73 spit 110, 176 sperm whale 98 splashing 26 spermatophyte 204 splice 239 Sphaeramia 11 split ring 101, 104 Sphaeridium 285 split shot 66 Sphaerium 285 splitter 66 sphaerosporosis, Sphaerospora 244 splitting 66 sphagnum mat 244 splitting machine, fish 140 Sphenisciformes 181 splitting strap 98 Spheniscus 181 Spondyliosoma 93, 95 Sphenodon 46 sponge 11, 55, 57, 58, 69, 83, sphenotic (bone) 74 109, 120, 130, 154, 278 Sphoeroides 211, 227, 234 Baikal 57 Sphyraena, Sphyraenidae 17, bath 57 244, 290 boring 57 Sphyrna, Sphyrnidae 7, 147 calcareous 57 Spicara 232 common 57 spider 93, 174, 270 cork 57 sea- 146, 173, 174 deepwater brush 69 water 174 four-rayed 58 spiderfish 174 freshwater 15, 57 spike rush 24 glass 57 spikefish 254 horse 57 Spinachia 105 loaf 94 Spinax 6 prickly 57 spindle 288 Ross's 57 spindlefish 34 zimocca 58 spine, spiny 62, 65, 72, 77, 238, sponge-eater 58 242, 286 Spongia 57, 58 spinecheek 289 Spongilla 57 spinner 195 spool 97, 288 spinning reel 238 spoon 131 spinoblast 238 (for catching fish) 23 Spinulosa 77 spoonbill 104, 132, 190 spiny loach 43, 122, 126, 219, Sporozoa, sporozoan 24, 103, 226, 248, 289 126, 144, 239 spiny lobster 123, 277 spot 239 spiny-rayed fish 45, 104, 134 spotted 200 spiracle 26, 66, 169 spotting 133 Spirinchus 233, 238 spout, spouting (of whales) 268 spirit 66 sprangle-top 254 Spirodela 146, 326 sprat 99, 214, 288 Spirogyra 238 Australian 288

402 Baltic 99, 288 stalked echinoderms 241 Black Sea 216, 222 stallion 107 Mediterranean 216, 217, 288 stamen 256 New Zealand 288 stanchion 203 southern 99 standard 157 Spratelloides 219 standing crop 22, 212 spring flood 75, 171 stanza 293 Springeria 228 star 76 springtail, water 23, 36, 157 basket 50, 54 Squalidae 5 brittle 78, 169 Squaliobarbus 49 sea- 76 Squalius 49 star-covered 77 squall 277, 278, 285 star-shaped 77 Squalus 5, 7, 97, 157, 234 starboard 25 square (part of a trawl) 229 starfish 76, 77, 83 square beam 26 basket 50, 54 square root 188 crown of thorns 34 squaretail 8, 120, 181 spiny 76 Squatina, Squatinidae 9, 10, 204 twelve-armed 76 squawfish 96 stargazer 77, 109 squid 46, 51, 60, 61, 89, 123 starsnout 129 Atlantic longfin 89 starting 240 Atlantic shortfin 89 starwort, water 24 common 131 state 238 flying 89 state fishing enterprise 54 giant 89, 114, 239 station 241 Japanese 90 bottom-sampling 64 little 89 control 107 longfin 131 stationary 241 Pacific shortfin 90 statistic, statistical 64, 189 Squilla 202 statistics 189 squirrel 19, 20 statoblast 240 squirrelfish 19, 92, 162, 209, 235 statocyst 240 stable 263 status 238 stable fly 72 Stauromedusa 141 Stachys 283 steady 193, 263 Staff's disease 24 steak (of meat or fish) 241 stag 164, 207 steaking 241 stage (of a microscope) 242 steelhead 133, 268 stage (of development) 26, 240, Kamchatka 222 293 steenbras 79, 127 staggers 24 steepness 118 Stagnicola 198 Steganopodes 36 stake 241 Stegocephalia, stegocephalian 241 stalk 241 Stegosoma 5, 6 stalk-eye 241 Stellaria 77

403 stellate 77 stilt 272 stellate sturgeon 178, 219 stimulus 38 Stellifer 53 sting ray, stingray 111, 228, 229, stem 241 270 Stenella 61, 196 stingaree 270 Steno 61 stink-bug 281 steno- 241 stinkpot 280 Stenobrachius 123 stint 120, 178, 233 Stenodus 20, 154 Stizostedion 21, 219, 243 stenohaline 241 stochastic 35 stenothermal 241 stock 76,111, 188, 196, 230, Stenotomus 94, 227 233, 240, 262, 294 Stentor 85, 86, 254 stockfish 142 step 285 stocking 76, 186, 193 Stephanole psis 238 Stolephorus 242 Stercorarius 192 stomach Stereochilus 215 fish 85, 151, 239 Stereolepis 162, 243 jellyfish 191 sterlet 22, 96, 99, 241, 282, 283 stomatopod, Stomatopoda 202, Sterna 115, 140 208 Sternarchidae 157 Stomias, Stomiatidae 242 Sternoptychidae 230, 250 Stomoxys 72 Sternotherus 280 stone 92 Stichaeidae 234, 241 stone loach 3, 49, 50, 67, 127, Stichaeopsis 241 177, 232, 259 Stichaeus 241 stone-borer 92 Stichopus 252 stone-roller 92 stick 172 stonecrop 200, 249 stickleback 104, 105 stonefish 25, 92, 210 Amur 104 stonefly 36 Aral 105 stonewort 134, 269 baretailed 105 stony head 247 brook 105 storey (of a house) 297 fifteen-spined 105 stork 3 fourspin,e 105 black 3 Japanese tubenose 105 hammerhead 147 ninespine 104, 105 jabiru 296 Sakhalin 105 marabou 139 sea 105 open-bill 3 southern ninespine 105 open-mouth 3 threespine 104, 105, 109, 270, shoebill 100 284 white 3, 125, 247,281 tubenose 105 storm 277 stickwater (in a reduction straightfin 198 plant) 27 strain 153 sticky eggs 84 Strait of Tartary 60

404 strand 21 lightly smoked and dried 16 strap little Siberian 167, 270 split 243 pallid 132 splitting 98 Persian 167 stratification 229 Russian 167 stratified 203, 229 Sakhalin 167 stratiomyid 135 sea 167,286 Stratiotes 247 shovelnose 127, 132, 22 9 stratum 232, 250, 297 Siberian 96, 111, 130, 167, stream 25, 185 241,277 strength 87, 186, 263 south Caspian 219 Streptopelia 54 stellate 178, 219 stress 153, 242 sturgeon eggs 56, 84, 190 stretch-belly 72 sturgeon fisheiy 115 strider, water 3 8 sturgeon flesh 23, 167 strike 101, 188, 189 Stygicola 241 striking 15 1 stylet 241 string 34, 156, 157, 243, 248 Stylonichia 85 strip 16 4 Stylophorus, Stylophoridae 172 stripe 190 Subantarctic zone 79 Stromateus, Stromateidae 8, 140, Subarctic zone 79 157, 192, 242, 243, 275 subcutaneous 188 Strombus 242 Suberites, Suberitidae 57 Stronglocentrotus 67 subject 16 0 Strongylura 216, 290 submariner 187 structure 23 7 submerged 187 stumpnose 127, 216 submerged tree 96 stunted 25 8 subopercle, subopercular 188 sturgeon 84, 114, 119, 159, 167, suborbital 18 7 184, 190, 205, 215, 233, 276, subradical 188 278 subscript 64, 85, 276 Amur 167 subset 188 Baikal 167 subsidence 196 bastard 36, 286 subspecies 187 beluga 20, 22 substance 36 Black Sea 167 substantial 244 Chinese 16 7 substitution 75 dried spinal cord of 43 subterminal 191 East Siberian 167 subtract 42 giant 2 0 Subularia 286 green 167 subumbrella (of jellyfish) 243 head of 51 success (of fishing) 197 immature 278 Succinea 297 Japanese 167 sucker 57, 106, 107, 195, 284 kaluga 89 Chinese 144, 297 Korean 167 chub- 284

405 Cornish 195 swale 156 humpback 284 swallow 97, 124,242 longnose 284 bank 21, 124, 242 northern hog 284 barn 97 oral 195 sea 115 redside 57, 107, 284 swallower 24, 189 shark 7, 195 swallowfish, swallow fish 147, Siberian redside 284 210 spotted 284 swallowing 74 ventral 62, 195 swallowtail 21, 240 Suctoria 86 swamp 24 Sudidae 243 swamp eel 131 suil dhu 281 swampfish 272 Sula 164 swan 125 sun bird, sunbird 124 black 125 sundew 207 mute 125,286 sunfish 164, 235, 274 whooper 101, 125 brilliant 162 sweeper 24, 97, 175 disk 162 sweet flag 3, 108 ocean 50, 133 sweetfish 14 pygmy 292 sweetlips 231 truncated 203 swellfish 227, 234 Superclass 151 swelling 165 superscript 84 swift 97, 242 supplement 192 swim bladder 41, 75, 156, 169, supplementary ring 104 200 supply 15 swine 218 food 15, 159 swinging boom 42 of fish 15 swivel 35,211 supposedly 297 sword 143 supra-oral plate 35 sword-tooth, sword-tooth supra-oral tooth bar 35 dolphin 100, 205 suprabranchial 151 swordfish 143 supracleithrum 151 swordtail 143 supraoccipital (bone) 35, 151 Sylviidae 231 suprapharyngeal (teeth) 35 Symbranchus, Symbran- supratemporal 151 chidae 149, 226 surf 193 Symphodus 57 surface law 75 Symphurus 111,296 surfperch 63, 72 symplectic (bone) 235 surgeonfish 77, 211, 271 Syrup terygia 229 surmullet 17, 244 symptoms 101 surplus, removal of 84 Synancela 25, 92, 210 survey 294 Synanceidae 25, 27 survival 42 Synaphobranchidae 161, 226, survival rate 42 258

406 Synaphobranchus 258 Talus 246 Synaptura 111 takaba 246 synbranchid, Synbranchidae 131, take 261 232 tally 246 Synbranchus 232 tamarisk 55 Syncarida 227 Tanaidaceae 167 Syncerus 27 Tanakius 138 Synchiropis 139 tangency, tangent 96, 195 synchronous 227 tangle 75 Synentognathi 216, 239 Tanisiptera 45 Syngnathidae 82, 83 tank 214,246 Syngnathiformes 200 of a fish lift 205,223 Syngnathus 82, 83 wintering 77 Synodidae 211,297 Tanyptera 64 Synodontidae 297 tapeworm 25, 46, 48, 62, 88, Synodontis 236, 237 125, 126, 128, 184, 197, 205, Synodus 297 275 Synthliborhamphus 240 tapir, Tapirus 246 syrman goby 54, 68 Taractes 127, 247 Syrphus larva 119 taralcihi 171,247 systematic 75, 227, 278, 293 taran 247 systems 227 Taranets' method 143 ecological 292 Tardigrada, tardigrade 249 Taricha 253 tarpon 221,247 tarwhine 95, 127 Tabanus, Tabanidae 231 Tasmacetus 102 table 242 tasselfish 53 table fish 209 tattler 260 Tachysuridae 110 Taurocottus 29 Tachysurus 236 Taurulus 31 Tactostoma 246 tautog, Tautoga 57, 247 Tadorna 160, 174 Tautogolabrus 57, 162 tadpole 50, 136, 146 Taxodium 100 tadpolefish 136 Taxodonta 55 Taenioididae 125,259 taxonomy 66 Taeniura 228 teal 44, 97, 101, 146, 220, 283 tag, tagging (fish) 38, 143, 189, technique 143 209 Tectibranchiata 189 tai 95, 246 teeth (see also tooth) 79, 80, taiga 246 201, 296 tail 63, 65, 193, 270 lateral 37, 80 tailor 134 molar 80 tailwater 32 palatine 80 taimen 114, 115, 125, 126, 128, pharyngeal 48, 80 133, 246, 290 suprapharyngeal 35

407 upper circumoral 35 Tertiary (era) 155, 171 vomerine 80 Testacea, testacean 109 teleost, Teleostei 111, 209 Tester's method 16, 73 teleostome, Teleostomi 106, 111, testis 147, 208, 222 208, 234 Testudinidae 280 telescope (goldfish) 247 T ethya 11 Telmessus 113 tetra 23, 106, 215, 248 telson 247 Tetrabranchiata 282 Temnodon 134 T etracotyle 249 Temperate zones 79 tetracotylosis 249 temperature 83, 194 T etragonurus, Tetragonuridae 8, temporarily 263 120, 181 tench 128 Tetraodon 83, 122, 140, 266 Tendipedidae 77, 105, 148, 271 Tetraodontidae 83, 227, 234, 282 tenpounder 221, 247, 292, 293 Tetraodontiformes 239 tenrec, tenrek 248 T etrapteryx 73 tension 153 Tetrapturus 108, 139, 140 tentacle (of medusae) 290 Tetrarhynchidae 282 Tentaculata 290 tetrarhynchosis 249 Tentaculifera 290 Tetrarhynchus 249 Tentorium 55 Tetraxonida 58 tenuis (larva) 248 T etrosomus 120 teraglin 53, 248 Teuthoidea 89 T eredo 65, 186, 279, 285 Thalassarctos 141 term (of an algebraic expression) Thalassoica 27 231 Thalassoma 246 terminal 106 Thalassophryne 70, 138, 246 tern 115, 119, 124, 283 Thalassothia 185 Aleutian 115 Thaleichthys 110, 246 arctic 115,277 Thaliacea 215 black 115 Thamnophis 79 black-shafted little 115 Thaumatolampas 123 Cabot's 115 Thecosomata 119 Caspian 278 Thelohanellus 24 common 115, 140 Themisto 247 gull-billed 115 Thenus 202 least 115 Theragra 145 little 115 Therapon, Theraponidae 248 love 115 thermocline 229, 232 noddy 115 thermometer 165 Sandwich 115,248 Theromyzon 182 whiskered 115 thickness (of a fish) 189, 250, white 115 286 white-winged black 115 thief 40 terrapin 279, 280 thigh 18 terrestrial 151 thimble 112

408 thinning 84 time 201 Thirsitops 249 Tinca 128 thoracic 250 tinena 249 Thoracica 203 TINRO 249 Thoracostei 105 Tintinnia, tintinnian 249 thorax 250, 290 tip 63,99 thornback ray 129 Tipula, Tipulidae 64, 105 thornyhead 68, 286 tissue 249 thoroughwort 193 Tivela 180 thread 156, 157 toad 9, 22, 70, 72, 116, 198, threadfin 95, 156, 172, 173, 218 190 American 70 three-lips 251, 254 black-scarred 70 threefin 254 bulrush 70 threeteeth 252 Chilean 24 thresher shark 129,130 common 70 threshold 192 discoglossid 135 Threskiornis 82 five-toed 218 Thrissocles 253 Fowler's 70 throat 54, 76 giant 70 throw out 74, 75 green 70 throw-net 151 marine 70 thrush 66, 174,231 midwife 70 Thunnidae 255 Mongolian 70 Thunnus 8,255 narrow-mouthed 260 Thymallidae 270 natterjack 70 Thymallus 16, 269 orange-bellied 72 Thynnichthys 249 red-bellied 72 thyrotropic 249 ribbed 135 Thyrsites 13, 17, 234 South American 218 Thysanozoon 183 spade-foot 132 tibia 21 Surinam 181 tick 101 tree 98 tidal current 249 Woodhouse's 70 tide 169, 195, 226 yellow-bellied 72 tide-guage 268 toadfish 18, 70, 138, 234, 246 tiger 185,214 toadflax 125 sand 6 toadstool 186 tigerfish, tiger fish 248, 249 sea 55 Tilapia 249 Todarodes 90 tilefish 8, 23, 55, 62, 97, 124, tolerance 78, 235, 241, 249,263 273 toli 47 Tillea 249 tomcat 111 tiller 56 tomcod 250, 252 timber 26 Tomisloma 117 timber hitch 259 tong 14

409 tongue 296 trail 65 tonguefish 111, 275, 296 traira 251 tool 166 trammel net 17, 205, 223, 224 tooth (see also teeth) 79 transformation 160, 176 canine 102 transect 45 tooth bar 35 transparency 62 tooth shell 132 transparent goby 23, 31 toothed 252 transverse 192, 196 toothed whale 100 trap 93, 148, 214, 241 toothfish 102 automatic 215 toothmouth 161 fish 75 top (spinning) 40 trap net, trap-net, trap 21, 34, red 190 41, 43, 56, 59, 74, 109, 111, tope 4, 6 123, 131, 142, 150, 151, 153, topminnow 45, 268 154, 166, 169, 203, 213, 224, Tor 140 226, 229, 235, 240, 243 tornaria (larva) 250 conical 27 Torpedinidae 49, 229 deep 154 Torpedo, torpedo (ray) 49, 228, double-hearted 131 229 floating-lead 154 torsk 142 marine 44, 246 torso 63, 255 moving 131 tortoise 279, 280 mullet 150 tortoiseshell 96 single-hearted 131, 154 totipalmate bird 36 sunken 235 touch-me-not 198 tuna 137 tow 35 trap-net lift 41 tow net 188 Trapa 166, 207 tow-line 27 trawl 39, 41, 98, 122, 143, 203, towing 27 243, 250, 251, 260, 261, 266 Toxotes, Toxotidae 26 beam 22, 131, 251 tracheal gill 70 bottom 251 Trachichthodes 21 electric 292 Trachichthyidae 251 fingerling 39 Trachinocephalus 185, 297 Isaacs-Kidd 251 Trachinotus 130, 192, 240, 251 line- 297 Trachinus, Trachinidae 65, 174 midwater 251 Trachipterus, Trachipteridae 37, near-bottom, off-bottom 203, 210 251 Trachomedusae 251 otter 169 Trachurus 240, 273 pair 251 Trachycoristes 236 ring- 223 Trachypteridae 104, 210 shrimp 251 Trachyrhynchus 72 side 251 Trachysurus 236, 273 small-fish 39, 251 trade 197 stern 251

410 Vigneron-Dahl 251 Tridacna 203 trawl board 65 Tridentiger 30 trawl roller 23, 97 trifle 142 trawl-master 251 triggerfish 67, 234, 238 trawler 251 Trigla 179, 252, 253 large refrigerator 251 Triglidae 179, 252, 253 medium refrigerator 251 Triglochin 253 side 251 Triglops 253 stern 251 Trilobita, trilobite 180, 253 trawlerman 251 Trinectes 296 trawling, trawl fishing 65, 102, Tringa 260 131, 251 brevipes 260 treatment 251 erythropus 289 tree 215 glareola 267 submerged 96 guttifer 260 tree frog 98 hypoleucus 121, 175 trefoil, marsh 253 incana 260 Trematoda, trematodes 59, 60, 62, nebularia 260 63, 71, 74, 143, 146, 147, ochropus 282 153, 165, 184, 216, 249, 275 stagnatilis 193 Trematomus 178, 190, 251, 252, totanus 121,250 281 Triodontidae 229, 252 trench (submarine) 25 Trionychidae 280, 281 trend 62, 75, 153 Trionyx 253,280 trepang 120,252 Triops 290 trevally 94, 240 tripletail 123, 130, 252 Triacanthidae 238, 252, 254 Tripterophycis 152 Triacanthus 238, 254 Tripterygion, Tripterygidae 254 Triaenodon 6 tripton 223,253 triaenophorosis 253, 254 Trisopterus 252 Triaenophorus 253 triton, Triton 253 Triakidae 6 Triturus 253 Triakis 5, 121 trochanter 35 Triassic (period) 252 Trocheta 182 Tribonyx 122 trochophore (larva) 130, 254 tributary 188, 196 Trochozoa 254 Trichechus 123 Trochus, Trochidae 40, 254 Trichiurus, Trichiuridae 40, 214 troll 23, 65, 195, 254 Tri chodina 254 troll fishing 131 trichodiniasis 254 Trollius 3, 121 Trichodon, Trichodontidae 39 trophic character 254 Trichogaster 58, 156 trophic coefficient 254 Trichomycteridae 33 tropic-bird 266 Trichophorum 200 Tropical Zone 79 Trichoptera 37, 200, 208 trot-line 119 Tricladida 256 trough 188

411 trout 10, 35, 38, 100, 121, 126, Tubinaxes 254 213, 268 Tubipora 108 Amu-dar 268 tuco-tuco 255 Aral 132 tug, tugboat 27 big Ohrid 126, 132 tugun 139, 221, 255 brook 49, 171, 268 tumbleweed 235 cutthroat 132 tumour 93, 165 Indian 17, 268 tuna 195, 219, 255 Issyk-kul 132 bigeye 255 Kamchatka 122, 144 blackfin 255 lake 49, 117, 172, 268 bluefin 255 Lake Eizenam 268 Indian long-tailed 255 little Ohrid 19 long-finned 8 Ohrid 126, 131 New Zealand 255 rainbow 133, 268 skipjack 25, 97, 229, 255 river 118, 178, 250 slender 255 sea 121, 133, 246, 268 southern bluefin 255 Sevan 7, 18, 23, 46, 86, 268, Yaito 255 296 yellowfin 8, 255 silver sea 53 tuna-fishing 101, 255 speckled 171 tundra 50, 255 spotted sea 53 Tunicata, tunicate 130, 160, 216, trout diseases (see diseases) 255 trout parasites (see infestation) tunny 255 trout pestilence 284 little 255 trout-perch 132, 176, 178, 268 Turbellaria, turbellarian 130, 183, Trudis 185 205, 256 trumpetfish, trumpet-fish 19, 211, turbine 59 249, 267 Turbo 256 truncate 261 turbot 90, 172, 207, 257 trunk 255 Azov 89,90 of a fish 63,256 Black Sea 89,91 trunkfish 120 Greenland 172 Trygon 111 southern 207 Tryngites 71 tropical 257 Trypanosoma, Trypanoplasma 253 turnover (of water) 38 trypanosomiasis 253 turnstone 92 Trypauchen 259 Tursiops 14 tsar 274 turtle 183, 279 tub-fish 179 African snake-neck 279 tube 254 alligator snapping 279 tube-eyes 46 Asiatic soft-shell 280 tubenose, tube-nose 105, 254 Australian snake-neck 279 tubercle 27 bighead 280 tubesnout 14, 105 Blanding's 279 tubificid, Tubificidae 254 Caspian 280

412 Chinese three-keeled 280 Typhlichthys 232 diadem 280 Typhlomolge 215 eastern mud 280 Typhlonarke 229 false map 280 Typhlonectes 279 flat 280 Typhlosynbranchus 232 frog 280 Typhlotriton 215 giant Amazon 247, 281 Typhoides 59 green 280 tyulka 216,257 hawksbill 22, 95, 281 Indian roofed 280 Indian spotted 280 leatherback 133, 280 ubangi 258 loggerhead 131, 280, 281 U ca 113 long-necked 280 Udonelloidea 259 map 280 Ulca 261 Mexican 280 ulcers 115 mud 280 Ulcina 129 musk 280 Ulva 215 painted 280 Umbra 67,261 pond 280 Umbrella 261 redear 280 umbrella (of jellyfish) 104 S-neck 280 Umbridae 67 sawback 280 U inbrina 207, 261 sea 280 unarticulated 156 semi-box 280 uncoupler 169 short-necked 280 Undecimus 286 side-neck 279 undermouth 180, 188 snake-neck 280 undersized 142 snapping 280 undertow 249 softshell, soft-shell 253, 280, 281 underyearling 219 South American 140 undesirable 142 spotted 280 unfavourable 169 two-toed 280 unicomfish 67, 158, 210 wood 280 unicuspid 161 turtle dove 54 uniformly 75 turtle soup 280 UNIIRKh 261 tusk 102, 142 uninterruptedly 147 tusk shell 79 Unio, unionid, Unionidae 176 twice 201 uniserial 161 twin screw 60 unit 67 twine 34, 128, 156, 166, 188, 248 arbitrary 16, 263 hanging 34, 156, 188 dimensionless 19, 67 two-dimensional 59 economic 272 Tylosurus 216,290 of fishing effort 67 type 192, 203, 249 of volume 103 Typha 92, 207 of wind velocity 16

413 unity 67 Vandellia 33, 93, 237 univalve 161 Vanellus 180, 282 university 124, 141, 194 vanilla grass 80 unknown 84 vapour 197 unsegmented animals 156 variable 176 unusual 170 variation 62 Upeneichthys 244 V aricorhinus 273 Upeneus 17, 244 V ariola 33 Upogebia 202 vat 246 upokororo 198 veer 83 upper-air 42 vegetarian fish 209 upstream 32, 33 vegetation 182, 204 uptake 193 veilfin 254 Upupa 259 vein (of a leaf) 72 upwelling 11 Velella 174 Uranoscopus, Uranoscopidae 77 V elifer, Veliferidae 34, 254 urchin (see Sea-urchin) veliger (larva) 174 urchinfish 264 velum 174, 176 Uria 89 vendace 37,213 urinophilous catfish 93 V enerupis 180 Urochorda, Urochordata 130, vent 63 160, 255 ventral 27 Urodela 9 ventral disc 62 urohyal (bone) 74 ventral fin 183 Urolophoides, Urolophidae 270 ventral sucker 62 Urophycis 152 Venus 34, 203 Urosalpinx 218 Venus's basket 109 urostyle 262 Venus's girdle 34, 194 Urticina 4 Verasper 34, 172 usable stock 76 V eratrum 278 use 292 verb 84 useful 190, 209 verkhovka 35 utilization 193 Vermes 279 Utricularia 200 vernal 75, 297 Veronica 35, 193 V vershok 36 vertebral column 189, 230 valaamka 33, 224, 225 Vertebrata, vertebrate 22, 189, valley (submarine) 25 278 Vallisneria 33 vertical fishing efficiency 261 value vesicle 199 mean 189 vessel 108, 154, 176, 243 numerical 77, 147, 189 vessel-day 243 trial 263 vexillifer (larva) 34 vampire 33 vial 230 V ampyroteuthis 168 Vibrio 74

414 Vimba, vimba 37, 206, 211, 212, Wallace's line 128 245, 281 walleye 243 Vinciguerria 37 walrus 125, 148 Vinculum 58 walrus meat, frozen 93 violet, Viola 266 wand 172 viper 44 wander 26 viperfish 44, 210, 270 warbler 93, 174, 231 virus 76 warbonnet 234 viscera 37 warp 33 Vitiaziella 37 towing 88, 102, 262 Vityaz 37 warp (to move) 35 Viviparidae 72, 134 warrant-officer 145 viviparous 72 washer 146 viviparous blenny 20 washing machine 140 viviparous perch 63, 72 waste 251 viviparous pond-snail 72 watch (on board ship) 33 Viviparus 72, 134 water 37, 69 VNIORKh 37 body of 37, 38, 196,212 VNIRO 37 deep 140 vobla 37, 277, 285 high 171 vodka 80 open 250 vole 190 replacement of 38 water 190 slack 131 voltage 153 water adder 260 volume, volumetric 33, 68, water boatman 55 103, 160 water buffalo 10, 27, 246 voluminometer, volumometer 33 water chestnut 166, 207 Vomer 40, 191, 238 water cress, water-cress 26, 72, vomerine teeth 80 273 vortex 118 water crowfoot 135 Vorticella 86, 243 water dikkop 3 vostrak 41 water fern 140 vozhak 38 water flea, water-flea 26, 36, 59, Vultur 106 157, 202, 204 vulture 25,56 water gauge 56 vulturine sea-eagle 56 water hemlock 22, 36 water intake 37 W water lily 120, 292 water mass 174 wader 120 water milfoil 262 wagtail 185, 255 water moccasin 79, 290 wahoo 33, 137, 175, 179 water pennywort 290 walking leg 272 water pepper 54 wall 241 water pheasant 266, 296 of a net 224,241 water plant 124, 242, 292 sea 46 water plantain 278

415 water rail 174 well-being 159 water rat 119, 190 well-known 83 water shrew 77 wenchman 168 water smartweed 54, 55 wetting 149 water speedwell 35 whale 100, 105, 183, 215, 246, water springtail 23, 36, 157 268 water starwort 24 Baird's beaked 183 water strider 38 baleen 100 water transport worker 37 beaked 21, 61, 102, 183, 205 water-cock 93 blue 23, 100, 190 water-eyes 48 bottlenose 25, 28 water-hole 25 bowhead 100 water-measurer 38 Bryde 191 water-net 223 dwarf killer 110 water-shield 25 dwarf right 100 water-turkey, water turkey 10, dwarf sperm 98,103 78 false killer 110 waterdog 197 fin, finback 100, 191, 267 waterfall 97 gray 100 waterhen 121 humpback 50, 52, 100 watershed 17 killer 100, 110 waterways 33 minke 144, 190 waterwort 186 Pacific pilot 56 wave 34, 55, 188, 232 pilot 56, 61, 100 way 200, 266 pothead 56 weakfish 53, 164 rig,ht 100 weaselfish 124 sei 82, 100, 190, 219 weather 143,288 southern beaked 183 weaver (see weever) southern right 100 web, webbing 189, 190, 191, 196, sperm 98 223, 248 Tasman 102 Weberian apparatus 33 toothed 100 wedge shell 65 tropical pilot 55 weed-goby 77 white 20 weedy 237 whale barnacle 202 weever 65, 78, 174, 230 whale oil 73 weever scorpionfish 210 whale-mouth 100 weevil 64, 274 whalebone 100, 262 weight 36, 85, 99, 151, 160, 245, whaling factory-ship 140 247, 262 whelk 15, 157, 218, 254, 287 of a fish 189, 195 whiff 141,276 of a pile-driver 15 whimbrel 117, 148, 296 on fishing gear 56, 99 whiptail 64 weight-length relationship 262 whirligig beetle 35 weighted 36 whirling sickness 35, 144 weir 74, 75, 111, 148, 154, 155 whirlpool 74, 118

416 whisker 262 ocean 17, 124 whistler 218 Odnomozero 225 white (of the eye, etc.) 20 omul 165 white whale 20 Onega 133 white-caps 20 Peipus 225 white-coat 19 pidschian-group 224 white-eye 20, 48, 93, 211, 226, Pravdin's 225 237, 247 Pyalozero 225 white-skin disease 20 Pyasina 225 whitebait 44 round 33, 106, 225 whitefish 24, 33, 100, 147, 149, sea 225 219, 224, 225 Siberian 224, 225 American round 33 Soldatov's 225 Anadyr 41 southern ocean 88 Ayakla 271 Suna 225 Baikal 224 Svir 225 Barguzin 224 Syamozero 225 Baunt 224 Telets 221, 225 broad 275, 283, 290 Ussuri 225, 273 Chivyrkuy Bay 225 Volkhov 224, 225 Cholmug Bay 225 Vulyavr 224 Chud 225 western arctic 224 east Siberian 52, 147, 224 Wigry 224 Holstein 224 Yenisei river 224 humpback 224 whitefish pestilence 284 hybrid 154 whiting 20, 142, 226 Imandra 224, 225 Black Sea 51, 142, 180 Imandra pelagic 224 blue 190, 200 Kara 224 king 53 Khadary 225,269 silver 226 Kolyma 224, 290 spotted 226 Kulong 224 trumpeter 226 Ladoga 225 whole 245 Ladoga lake 225 whole-number 274 Lake Kuben 154, 224 whooper swan 125 Little-Sea 225 widgeon 218 Lovozero 224 widow 33 ludoga 133, 225 width 286 melga 141 wild 72 migratory lake 224, 225 wild celery 33 Mochegor 24, 147, 149 wild millet 254 muksun 138, 147, 225 wild rice 206 neshka 156 wild rye 101, 104 Neva migratory 225 willow 82 Noril 225 willow-grass 54 Ob 200,225 willow-herb 100

417 winch 16,26,124 snail 289 46, 48, 62, 63, 125, wind 17, 36, 150, 159, 169, tape- 176, 244 126, 275 3, 230, 286 wind force, wind velocity 16 thorny-headed wind-flower 10 true 10, 104 windlass 26, 40 tube- 279 windowpane (flounder) 91 white 293 wing worm goby 144 of a building 109 wormfish 144 of a net 7, 34, 72, 119, 151, wormwood 191 169, 194 wrack 256 wing pad 76 flat 256 wing scale 282 grass- 36, 79 wing-kelp 8 knotted 13 wing-shell 71 wrasse 52, 57, 77, 246, 247 winter tolerance 78 ancient 211, 240 winter-kill 75 angular 294 wintering 78 cleaning 57, 283 wintering pond, tank 78 cuckoo 57 57, 77, 208 wire 33 eye-spot pennant 287 false 127 witch (flounder) 91 golden 57 withdrawal 84 green 179 wobbegong 5, 6, 37 grey 213 wolf 39 Hawaiian 246 wolffish 33, 80, 234 long-nosed 57 womb 140 poison 211 wonderful lamp 123 quail 57, 176, 213 wood-borer 65 rainbow 294 woodcock 33, 119, 1 20 redtooth 57 woodrush 161 southern 57 worker in water transport 37 wreck 250 world 218, 240, 274 wreckfish 162, 190 worm 10, 60, 104, 219, 230, 279 wrymouth 116, 117 arrow- 289 bristle 289 X crayfish 182 dew 279 X (in mathematics) 84 earth 42, 279 Xantho 113 freshwater 139 xanthosis 119 hair- 39 Xema 277 lug 178 Xenocypris 188, 224, 281 parasitic 48, 104 Xenogramma 293 sea 155 Xenomystus 238 ship- 279 Xenophthalmichthys 119 sludge 154 Xenopus 136

418 Xenus 148 Zaniolepis, Zaniolepidae 248 Xiphias, Xiphiidae 143 Zannichellia 75 Xiphister 43 zanthe 211, 245 Xiphopenaeus 23 Zaprora, Zaproridae 76 Xiphophorus 143, 184 zebra 77 Xiphosura 143 zebrasole 111,235 Xyrauchen 284 zebrafish 77, 118, 162, 210, 230 Zebrasoma 77, 271 Y Zebrias 111,235 Zeidae 235 yard 59 Zeluco 53,248 yarn 128 Zenopsis 235 yawl 297 zero 155 year 266 zero group 158 year-class 41, 101, 153, 190, 262 Zesticelus 119 year-class strength 41, 189, 262 Zeus 120,235 year-old 39, 161 zheltoshek 71 yearling 39, 60 zherekh 72 yellowfin 71, 188, 281 ZIN 78 yellowfish 248 Ziphiidae 61, 102, 183 yellowtail 71, 123, 223, 239, 268 Ziphius 61, 102 yield 113, 193, 196, 212, 262 Zizania 206 to a fishery 38 Zoantharia, zoantharian 79, 108 Yoldia Sea 87 Zoarces 20 yolk, yolk sac 71, 130, 194 Zoarchias 79 young of the year 89, 219 Zoarcidae 20 young salmon 133 zoea 79 zone 79, 189, 194 Z life 266 zoobenthos 79, 266 Z-axis, Z-coordinate 11 zoogeographical 79, 159 Zalembias 72 Zoomastigina 71, 79 Zalophus 125 zoophytos 79 Zanclistius 88 zooplankton 79 Zanclus, Zanclidae 75, 76, 83 Zoothamnium 79, 86 zander 46, 80, 178, 188, 219, Zostera 36, 79, 250 243, 272, 278, 284, 286, 288 Zostericola 32 Black Sea 27 zunasi 81 Caspian 21 zygapophysis 169 sea 243 Zygoptera 242 Volga 21, 178, 219, 243, 247

419

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