Trauma and Burn Protocol Section Exit to to Exit if if indicated Cardiac Cardiac Arrest Age Age Appropriate Protocol AC 3 /3AC4 PC Protocol Arrhythmia Protocol(s) Arrhythmia Entrapment withoutEntrapment syndrome crush Vascular injurywith deficit perfusion Compartmentsyndrome mental Altered status

Differential     TB 3 TB to appropriate destination using destination appropriate to using Trauma and Burn: Trauma and NotifyDestination or P P ContactMedical Control A A EMS Triage and Destination Triage Plan EMS and Hypotension Hypothermia findings Abnormal ECG Pain Anxiety

Rapid Rapid Transport      Signs andSymptoms CrushSyndrome Trauma seconds seconds Or Or

Airway Airway

Any local EMS System changes to this document must follow the NC OEMS mustbe Policy the documentProtocolNC this EMS local by followchanges OEMS Any Changeapproved System OEMS and to

Cardiac Cardiac Monitor

if if if indicated indicated if if if indicated indicated as as indicated as as indicated IV / IO IO IV Procedure / Protocol TBTB22 Protocol Protocol Loss of P wave P Loss of Abnormal ECGAbnormal Age Age Appropriate Peaked T T PeakedWaves QT 12 Lead Procedure12 ECG Lead Entrapped hours 2Entrapped > Entrapped hours 2Entrapped < QRS Asystole / PEA / VF / /VT / PEA VF Asystole Thermal BurnBurnThermalThermalTBTB ProtocolProtocol 99 Pain Control Protocol UP Protocol Control 11 UP Pain Chemical and Electrical and and Chemical Chemical Burn Burn Electrical Electrical Hemodynamically Unstable Hemodynamically Multiple Trauma Protocol TB 66 Protocol Protocol Multiple Multiple TB TB Trauma Trauma Extremity / body crushed/ body Extremity collapse, Buildingtrench accident, collapse, industrial heavy under pinned equipment Entrapped undercrushedEntrapped and minutes > load heavy 30 Revised Protocol(s) AR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 4, 1, AR 6, 3, Protocol(s) 5, 2, 05/25/2017

  History  P A B Crush Syndrome Trauma Trauma Trauma Protocoland Section Burn

Pearls  Recommended exam: Mental Status, Musculoskeletal, Neuro  Scene safety is of paramount importance as typical scenes pose hazards to rescuers. Call for appropriate resources.  Lowest blood pressure by age: < 31 days: > 60 mmHg. 31 days to 1 year: > 70 mmHg. Greater than 1 year: 70 + 2 x age in years.  Pediatric IV Fluid maintenance rate: 4 mL per first 10 kg of weight + 2 mL per second 10 kg of weight + 1 mL for every additional kg in weight.  Crush syndrome typically manifests after 2 – hours of crush injury, but may present in < 1 hour.  Fluid resuscitation: If access to patient and initiation of IV fluids occurs after 2 hours, give 2 liters of IV fluids in adults and 20 mL/kg of IV fluids in pediatrics and then begin > 2 hour dosing regimen.  Consider all possible causes of shock and treat per appropriate protocol. Majority of decompensation in pediatrics is airway related.  Decreasing heart rate and hypotension occur late in children and are signs of imminent cardiac arrest.  Shock may be present with a normal blood pressure initially.  Shock often is present with normal vital signs and may develop insidiously. Tachycardia may be the only manifestation.  Consider all possible causes of shock and treat per appropriate protocol.  Patients may become hypothermic even in warm environments.  Hyperkalemia from crush syndrome can produce ECG changes described in protocol, but may also be a bizarre, wide complex rhythm. Wide complex rhythms should also be treated using the VF/Pulseless VT Protocol.

Revised TB 3 05/25/2017 Any local EMS System changes to this document must follow the NC OEMS Protocol Change Policy and be approved by OEMS