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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC of CONGO, YEAR 2019: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 23 June 2020

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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, YEAR 2019: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 23 June 2020 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015b; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015a; in- cident data: ACLED, 20 June 2020; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, YEAR 2019: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 23 JUNE 2020 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Violence against civilians 851 436 1564 Conflict incidents by category 2 Battles 710 426 1970 Development of conflict incidents from 2010 to 2019 2 Protests 515 5 8 Strategic developments 276 0 0 Methodology 3 Riots 201 63 111 Conflict incidents per province 4 Explosions / Remote 11 3 15 violence Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 2564 933 3668 Disclaimer 6 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 20 June 2020). Development of conflict incidents from 2010 to 2019 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 20 June 2020). 2 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, YEAR 2019: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 23 JUNE 2020 Methodology in ACLED data. Province names and borders may differ between ACLED and GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in The data used in this report was collected by the Armed Conflict Location & Event this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data. ACLED uses Data Project (ACLED). ACLED collects data on reported conflict events in selected varying degrees of geographic precision for the individual incidents, depending African and Asian countries, Democratic Republic of Congo being among them. on what level of detail is reported. Thus, towns may represent the wider region in ACLED researchers collect event data from a variety of sources and code them by which an incident occured, or the provincial capital may be used if only the province date, location, agent, and event type. is known. Erroneous location data, especially due to identical place names, cannot be fully excluded. Most of the data collected by ACLED is gathered based on publicly available, secondary reports. It may therefore underestimate the volume of events. Fatality Incidents comprise the following categories: battles, headquarters or bases es- data particularly is vulnerable to bias and inaccurate reporting, and ACLED states tablished, non-violent strategic activities, riots/protests, violence against civilians, to use the most conservative estimate available. ACLED uses the reports’ context non-violent transfer of territory, remote violence. For details on these categories, to estimate fatalities for events with reported fatalities for which the exact number please see is unknown (“10” for plural fatalities, “100” if “hundreds” are mentioned, etc.). For further details on ACLED and for the full data, see www.acleddata.com and • ACLED – Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: Armed Conflict Raleigh; Linke; Hegre, and Karlsen, 2010. Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) Codebook (2019), 10 April 2019 https://www.acleddata.com/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2017/10/ Based on this data, the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research ACLED_Codebook_2019FINAL_pbl.pdf and Documentation (ACCORD) compiles updates on conflict incidents and pub- lishes them on ecoi.net to offer another access point to the ACLED datasets. • ACLED – Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) User Quick Guide, April 2019 It is advised to employ extreme caution when using fatality numbers. https://www.acleddata.com/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2019/04/ General-User-Guide_FINAL.pdf Assessments of the security situation should not be based solely on quantitative analysis of event data. • ACLED – Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: FAQs: ACLED Fatality Methodology, 27 January 2020 Note on the DR Congo: Administrative divisions (based on GADM data) are reflec- https://www.acleddata.com/download/17979/ ted as of before the 2015/2016 reform. The provinces displayed have been split into smaller provinces. Geographic map data is primarily based on GADM, complemented with other sources if necessary. Incidents are mapped to GADM provinces using the provinces 3 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, YEAR 2019: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 23 JUNE 2020 Conflict incidents per province In Bas-Congo, 34 incidents killing 5 people were reported. The following locations were among the affected: Boma, Inkisi, Kasangulu, Kinzau Vuete, Lukula, Matadi, Moanda, Tshela. Number of Number of Number of Province incidents with incidents fatalities fatalities In Kasaï-Occidental, 75 incidents killing 62 people were reported. The following locations were among the affected: Bena-Leka, Bukondo, Demba, Ilebo, Kabwe, Bandundu 22 3 5 Kakenge, Kalomba, Kamako, Kamenga, Kamonia, Kamuandu, Kananga, Bas-Congo 34 4 5 Luebo, Lueta, Mulemba, Mutshima, Nganza, Tshikala, Tshikapa, Tshimbulu. Kasaï-Occidental 75 12 62 Kasaï-Oriental 59 11 22 In Kasaï-Oriental, 59 incidents killing 22 people were reported. The following Katanga 95 20 43 locations were among the affected: Bene Dibele, Gandajika, Hianga, Kabinda, Kasando, Lemba, Lodja, Lubao, Lubilanji, Luputa, Lusambo, Manda, Mbuji Kinshasa City 156 8 60 Mayi, Mwene Ditu, Ngandanjika, Ongele, Tshilenge. Kivu 1747 714 2431 Orientale 366 159 1038 In Katanga, 95 incidents killing 43 people were reported. The following locations Équateur 10 2 2 were among the affected: Bendera, Fungurume, Kafwaya, Kalemie, Kamina, Kaniola, Kapolowe, Kasebu, Kasumbalesa, Kipushi, Kolwezi, Kongolo, Lambo Katenga, Likasi, Lonshi Mine, Lubumbashi, Luilu, Muhala, Mulange, Musonoi, Localization of conflict incidents Pweto, Ruashi. In Kinshasa City, 156 incidents killing 60 people were reported. The following Note: The following list is an overview of the incident data included in the ACLED locations were among the affected: Camp Kokolo, Gombe, Kasa-Vubu, dataset. More details are available in the actual dataset (date, location data, event Kinshasa, Kisenso, Lemba, Limete, Lingwala, Ma Campagne, Mikonga, Ndolo type, involved actors, information sources, etc.). The data’s precision varies among Airport, Ngaba, Yaki. the incidents: a town may represent a region, or the provincial capital may be used if the precise location of an incident is unkown. In the following list, the names In Kivu, 1747 incidents killing 2431 people were reported. The following of event locations are taken from ACLED, while the administrative region names locations were among the affected: Abia, Anzuma, Apetinasana, Atokaka, are taken from GADM data which serves as the basis for the maps above. Bambu, Bandinguya, Baraka, Beni, Bibatama, Bideka, Bihitri, Bihve, Biiri, Bijombo, Bilimani, Binja, Binza, Birwa, Bishusha, Bisisi, Biziba, Boikene, In Bandundu, 22 incidents killing 5 people were reported. The following locations Bovata, Buabo, Bubale, Bugamba, Bughumirya, Bugina, Bugomba, Buguri, were among the affected: Bandundu, Bulungu, Gungu, Idiofa, Kikwit, Masi Buhehe, Buhuri, Bukavu, Bukombo, Bulambika, Bulambo, Bulemo, Bulengera, Manimba, Ndjili, Yumbi. Bulima, Bulinga, Buloli, Bulongo, Buma, Bumbasha, Bunduguya, Bunyakiri, 4 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, YEAR 2019: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 23 JUNE 2020 Bunyangula, Bunyatenge, Bunyereza, Buramba, Burambo, Burhini, Burungu, Kitshanga, Kitu, Kitumba, Kitumbiro, Kitunda, Kitupa, Kitutu, Kivunano, Busalali, Busanza, Buseregenya, Bushenge, Bushiha, Bushimoo, Kivuye, Kiwanja, Kiyatsi, Kizamba, Kokola I, Komba, Kudukudu, Kukwe, Bushongorera, Bushwaga, Bushwira, Busumba, Butaro, Butembo, Butimba, Kunda, Kungubamba, Kusisa, Kuvinano, Kyaghala, Kyambogho, Kyanika, Butuhe, Butusande, Buvira, Buzunga, Bwalarie, Bwegera, Bweremane, Kyasenda, Kyavinyonge, Kyuto, Lake Edward, Lemera, Lisasa, Loashi, Bwesho, Bweteta, Bwindi, Bwito, Bwiza, Byanze, Chabunda, Chaghala, Lubarika, Lubero, Lubondja, Lubumba, Lugushwa, Lukanga, Luke, Lukopfu, Chambombo, Chaminunu, Chamutumbwe, Chandago, Chanika, Chelamazi, Lukweti, Lulimba, Lulingu, Lungomangoma, Lungungu, Luofu, Lusenda, Chibinda, Chumirwa, Cibanda, Cifunzi, Eringiti, Faringa, Fizi, Gawa, Gisiza, Lusenge, Lusogha, Lutete, Luvungi, Lwama, Lwamba, Lwibo, Lwiro, Goma, Hembe, Hutwe, Idjwi, Idunga, Ifofa, Ihula, Indili, Isale, Iseke, Ishenge, Mabalako, Mabeshe, Maboya, Mabuku, Magunda, Maindombe, Makeke, Itolero, Izege, Kabambare, Kabara, Kabare, Kabasewa, Kabasha, Kabaya, Makiki, Makoka, Makoko, Makumbo, Makutano, Makyaka, Malando, Maleki, Kabembwe, Kabere, Kabeya, Kabikokole, Kabumba, Kabushwa, Kacungwe, Malolu, Mamove, Mamunjoma, Mangboko, Mangina, Manguredjpa, Kadou, Kafulo, Kagabi, Kagezi, Kagogo, Kagunga, Kahanda, Kahira, Mangwa, Manzanza, Mapela, Mapera, Mapiki, Mapobu, Mapou, Masangi, Kahongera, Kahunga, Kahungu, Kahungwe, Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Masiki Kalonge, Masisi, Masulikwede, Masulukwede, Mataba, Matembe, Kainama
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    Mapping the Availability of Bushmeat for Consumption in Central African Cities

    Environmental Research Letters LETTER • OPEN ACCESS Mapping the availability of bushmeat for consumption in Central African cities To cite this article: John E Fa et al 2019 Environ. Res. Lett. 14 094002 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 202.137.225.92 on 18/03/2020 at 09:26 Environ. Res. Lett. 14 (2019) 094002 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab36fa LETTER Mapping the availability of bushmeat for consumption in Central OPEN ACCESS African cities RECEIVED 22 February 2019 John E Fa1,2,7 , Juliet H Wright3,7, Stephan M Funk4,5, Ana Luz Márquez6, Jesús Olivero6, REVISED Miguel Ángel Farfán6, Fanny Guio3, Luc Mayet3, Divin Malekani3, Charles Holo Louzolo3, 5 July 2019 Robert Mwinyihali3, David S Wilkie3 and Michelle Wieland3 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION 30 July 2019 1 Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, PUBLISHED Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom 2 20 August 2019 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan Cifor Rawajaha, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat 16115, Indonesia 3 Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, United States of America Original content from this 4 Nature Heritage, St. Lawrence, Jersey, Channel Islands, United Kingdom work may be used under 5 the terms of the Creative Centrode Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Commons Attribution 3.0 6 Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga E-29071, Spain licence. 7 Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed.