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Chapter One Phonetic Change
CHAPTERONE PHONETICCHANGE The investigation of the nature and the types of changes that affect the sounds of a language is the most highly developed area of the study of language change. The term sound change is used to refer, in the broadest sense, to alterations in the phonetic shape of segments and suprasegmental features that result from the operation of phonological process es. The pho- netic makeup of given morphemes or words or sets of morphemes or words also may undergo change as a by-product of alterations in the grammatical patterns of a language. Sound change is used generally to refer only to those phonetic changes that affect all occurrences of a given sound or class of sounds (like the class of voiceless stops) under specifiable phonetic conditions . It is important to distinguish between the use of the term sound change as it refers tophonetic process es in a historical context , on the one hand, and as it refers to phonetic corre- spondences on the other. By phonetic process es we refer to the replacement of a sound or a sequenceof sounds presenting some articulatory difficulty by another sound or sequence lacking that difficulty . A phonetic correspondence can be said to exist between a sound at one point in the history of a language and the sound that is its direct descendent at any subsequent point in the history of that language. A phonetic correspondence often reflects the results of several phonetic process es that have affected a segment serially . Although phonetic process es are synchronic phenomena, they often have diachronic consequences. -
Ancient Greece, Grade 2
Domain-Based Unit Overview Title of Domain: The Ancient Greece, Grade 2 Learning Time: 17 days Big Idea No ancient civilization has had more influence on the Western world than that of ancient Greece. What Students Need to Learn ● Geography ○ Locations of Greece, the island of Crete, and the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas ○ Locations of the ancient city-states of Athens and Sparta ● Culture ○ Athens as a city-state; the beginnings of democracy ○ Sparta as a military city-state that was sometimes the enemy of Athens ○ Persian Wars: Battles of Marathons and Thermopylae ○ Olympic Games ○ Worship of gods and goddesses ○ Great thinkers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle ○ Alexander the Great MN Academic Standards 2.4.2.4.2 Describe how the culture of a community reflects the history, daily life, or beliefs of its people. 2.1.1.1.1 Demonstrate voting skills, identify rules that keep a voting process fair, and explain why voting is important Pre-Assessment 8089 Globe Drive | Woodbury, MN 55125 | wlamn.org Domain Lesson 1 Introducing Ancient Greece MN Academic 2.4.2.4.2 Standards 2.1.1.1.1 Objectives -Locate the modern country of Greece, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea on a world map. -Locate the city-state of Athens, island of Crete, the meditteranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea on a map of ancient Greece. Vocabulary City-state, coast, Asia Minor, democracy, citizens, Assembly, generals, and jury. Procedure -Introduce new Domain in which students will study ancient Greece. -Use a globe or world map to locate both ancient Greece and modern-day Greece, including Crete, Athens, Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea. -
200Th Anniversary of the Greek War of Independence 1821-2021 18 1821-2021
Special Edition: 200th Anniversary of the Greek War of Independence 1821-2021 18 1821-2021 A publication of the Dean C. and Zoë S. Pappas Interdisciplinary March 2021 VOLUME 1 ISSUE NO. 3 Center for Hellenic Studies and the Friends of Hellenic Studies From the Director Dear Friends, On March 25, 1821, in the city of Kalamata in the southern Peloponnesos, the chieftains from the region of Mani convened the Messinian Senate of Kalamata to issue a revolutionary proclamation for “Liberty.” The commander Petrobey Mavromichalis then wrote the following appeal to the Americans: “Citizens of the United States of America!…Having formed the resolution to live or die for freedom, we are drawn toward you by a just sympathy; since it is in your land that Liberty has fixed her abode, and by you that she is prized as by our fathers.” He added, “It is for you, citizens of America, to crown this glory, in aiding us to purge Greece from the barbarians, who for four hundred years have polluted the soil.” The Greek revolutionaries understood themselves as part of a universal struggle for freedom. It is this universal struggle for freedom that the Pappas Center for Hellenic Studies and Stockton University raises up and celebrates on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the beginning of the Greek Revolution in 1821. The Pappas Center IN THIS ISSUE for Hellenic Studies and the Friends of Hellenic Studies have prepared this Special Edition of the Hellenic Voice for you to enjoy. In this Special Edition, we feature the Pappas Center exhibition, The Greek Pg. -
An Introduction to the Knowledge of Greek Grammar
AN * INTRODUCTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE or GREEK GRAMMAR. By SAMUEL B. WYLIE, D. D. IN THE WICE PROVOST AND PROFESSOR of ANCIENT LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. *NWTIET 16). <e) - \ 3} f) iſ a t t I pi} f a, J. whet HAM, 144 CHES NUT STREET. 1838. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1838, by SAMUEL B. Wylie, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. ANDov ER, MAss. Gould & Newman, Printers. **'. … Tº Co PR E FA C E. CoNSIDERING the number of Greek Grammars, already in market, some apology may appear necessary for the introduction of a new one. Without formally making a defence, it may be remarked, that subjects of deep interest, need to be viewed in as many different bearings as can readily be obtained. Grammar, whether considered as a branch of philological science, or a system of rules subservient to accuracy in speaking or writing any language, embraces a most interesting field of research, as wide and unlimited, as the progres sive development of the human mind. A work of such magnitude, requires a great variety of laborers, and even the humblest may be of some service. Even erroneous positions may be turned to good account, should they, by their refutation, contribute to the elucida tion of principle. A desire of obtaining a more compendious and systematic view of grammatical principles, and more adapted to his own taste in order and arrangement, induced the author to undertake, and gov erned him in the compilation of this manual. -
Early Christian Thought
The RouTledge Companion To eaRly ChRisTian ThoughT The shape and course which Christian thought has taken over its history is largely due to the contributions of individuals and communities in the second and third centuries. Bringing together a remarkable team of distinguished scholars, The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought is the ideal companion for those seeking to understand the way in which early Christian thought developed within its broader cultural milieu and was communicated through its literature, especially as it was directed toward theological concerns. divided into three parts, the Companion: • asks how Christianity’s development was impacted by its interaction with cultural, philosophical, and religious elements within the broader context of the second and third centuries; • examines the way in which early Christian thought was manifest in key individuals and literature in these centuries; • analyses early Christian thought as it was directed toward theological concerns such as god, Christ, redemption, scripture, and the community and its worship. D. Jeffrey Bingham is department Chair and professor of Theological studies at dallas Theological seminary, usa. he is editor of the Brill monograph series, The Bible in Ancient Christianity, as well as author of Irenaeus’ Use of Matthew’s Gospel in Adversus Haereses and several articles and essays on the theology and biblical inter- pretation of early Christianity. The RouTledge Companion To eaRly ChRisTian ThoughT Edited by D. Jeffrey Bingham First published 2010 by Routledge 2 park square, milton park, abingdon, oxon oX14 4Rn simultaneously published in the usa and Canada by Routledge 270 madison ave., new york, ny 100016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010. -
Palo Alto Weekly 40Th Anniversary Edition
Palo Vol. XLI, Number 1 Q October 11, 2019 Alto In Palo Alto Hills, few lose power Page 5 www.PaloAltoOnline.comwww.PaloAltoOnline.coomm Palo Altans talk about the The price of blessings and burdens of living in the heart of ‘ ’ the Silicon Valley paradise Page 9 Moonlight Run & Walk TonightTo at the Baylands 40 years of news 12 City’s oldest businesses 21 Eating Out 45 Puzzles 63 QArts UN Film Festival tackles themes of justice Page 44 QHome How to avoid heartbreak in your remodeling project Page 48 QSports Full slate of prep football is on tap Page 62 Editor’s note elcome to the 40th an- niversary edition of W the Palo Alto Weekly, whose inaugural issue was pub- lished on Oct. 11, 1979. For this issue, the news staff wanted to examine what the city is like today in light of what has happened over the past four de- cades. We started by reaching out to residents on four blocks in Palo Alto, from north to south: Poe Street, Churchill Avenue, Greer Road and El Cerrito Road. We asked them to tell us what living in the city is like for them and what fills their day-to-day lives. We also asked them to share their observations about the changes happening in their neighbor- hoods and the city. We’re grateful to them for sharing their stories, which you can read in their neigh- borhood profiles, starting on page File photo/Veronica Weber photo/Veronica File 29. If this project sounds familiar, it is: In what has become a tradi- tion, we followed in the footsteps of previous Weekly reporters and editors, who for the newspaper’s 10th and 25th anniversaries also A couple walks underneath vibrant gingko trees on Greenwood Avenue in Palo Alto in 2016, one of many streets in the city where researched and produced similar mature trees form a canopy over the road. -
A CASE STUDY Falling from Aristotle to Heidegger
A CASE STUDY Falling from Aristotle to Heidegger A Dissertation Submitted to the Division of Media and Communications of the European Graduate School in Candidacy of the Degree of Doctor in Philosophy By Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei 2011 Supervised by Avital Ronell τὰ δεσποτῶν γὰρ εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι, τρὶς ἓξ βαλοὐσης τῆσδέ μοι φρυκτωρίας. I shall take advantage of the dice that have fallen well for my masters — this beacon-watch has thrown me a triple six! — Aeschylus, Agamemnon 32–3 Fig. 1: Two knucklebones (ἀστράγαλοι), a type of Greek dice. Left with the χῖον (1) side up, right with the κῶϊον (6) side up. Both have the πρανές (4) side facing forward, marked by the horn-like protrusions and de left side of the knucklebones. Fig. 2: Two knucklebones (ἀστράγαλοι), a type of Greek dice. Left showingὕπτιον (3) side, right showing the πρανές (4) side. Fig. 3: A South-African Boer ox wagon made from a jawbone (kakebeenwa) pulled by ten oxen made from knucklebones (dolosse). (Voortrekkersmonument, Pretoria sa). Contents Prefatory Remarks . xi Preamble The Stranger. 21 §1 A detour through case. 21 §2 Introducing the Stranger . 26 §3 Noun-words and time-words. 31 Chapter One Aristotle. 35 §4 Homonymy, synonymy, paronymy . 35 §5 Qualities and relatives. 39 §6 The paradigm of case. .42 §7 Noun-words and time-words . .47 §8 Excluding cases . .49 §9 Unmasking sophistic use of case. 52 §10 The first declarative sentence . 56 §11 Calling the noun-word. 60 §12 A discourse of something . .63 §13 The case of the subject. -
New Latin Grammar
NEW LATIN GRAMMAR BY CHARLES E. BENNETT Goldwin Smith Professor of Latin in Cornell University Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta Percipiant animi dociles teneantque fideles: Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat. —HORACE, Ars Poetica. COPYRIGHT, 1895; 1908; 1918 BY CHARLES E. BENNETT PREFACE. The present work is a revision of that published in 1908. No radical alterations have been introduced, although a number of minor changes will be noted. I have added an Introduction on the origin and development of the Latin language, which it is hoped will prove interesting and instructive to the more ambitious pupil. At the end of the book will be found an Index to the Sources of the Illustrative Examples cited in the Syntax. C.E.B. ITHACA, NEW YORK, May 4, 1918 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The present book is a revision of my Latin Grammar originally published in 1895. Wherever greater accuracy or precision of statement seemed possible, I have endeavored to secure this. The rules for syllable division have been changed and made to conform to the prevailing practice of the Romans themselves. In the Perfect Subjunctive Active, the endings -īs, -īmus, -ītis are now marked long. The theory of vowel length before the suffixes -gnus, -gna, -gnum, and also before j, has been discarded. In the Syntax I have recognized a special category of Ablative of Association, and have abandoned the original doctrine as to the force of tenses in the Prohibitive. Apart from the foregoing, only minor and unessential modifications have been introduced. In its main lines the work remains unchanged. -
Paul Christesen ______
Paul Christesen ___________________ Hinman Box 6086 Department of Classics, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755 office phone: (603) 646-2073 e-mail: [email protected] personal website: pchristesen.com Education Columbia University, Joint Doctoral Subcommittee for Classical Studies, 1992-2001 Ph.D. conferred May, 2001 Dissertation title: Society and Economy in Archaic and Classical Greece City University of New York, post-baccalaureate studies in Latin and Greek, 1988-1991 Dartmouth College, A.B., History and Classical Studies, 1984-1988 Academic Positions Dartmouth College, William R. Kenan Professor of Ancient Greek History, 2016-present Cambridge University, Clare Hall, Life Fellow, 2017-present Dartmouth College, Professor, 2012-2016 Dartmouth College, Associate Professor, 2007-2012 Dartmouth College, Assistant Professor, 2001-2007 Awards, Honors, Fellowships Leventis Foundation Fellowship, 2018-2019 (£75,000) Loeb Foundation Fellowship, 2018-2019 (declined) New Directions in Humanities Scholarship and Arts Practice Grant, Dartmouth College, 2018-2020 ($16,650) Visiting Fellow, Clare Hall, Cambridge University, 2016-2017 Senior Faculty Fellowship, Dartmouth College, 2016-2017 Supervising professor of the 21st International Seminar on Olympic Studies for Postgraduate Students at the International Olympic Academy, Olympia, Greece, Fall, 2014 Supervising professor of the 20th International Seminar on Olympic Studies for Postgraduate Students at the International Olympic Academy, Olympia, Greece, Fall, 2013 Lynette S. Autrey -
8453-EO Exempt Organization Declaration and Signature for Form
_____________________________________________________ Exempt Organization Declaration and Signature for 0MB No. 1545-1879 Form 8453-EO Electronic Filing For calendar year 2016, or tax year beginning 09 / 01 , 2016, and ending 08 / 31, 20 17 © 16 Department of the Treasury For use with Forms 990, 990-EZ, 990-PF, 1120-POL, and 8868 Internal Revenue Service Name of exempt organization Employer Identification number THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY 94—1156365 Type of Return and Return Information (Whole Dollars Only) Check the box for the type of return being filed with Form 8453-EQ and enter the applicable amount, if any, from the return. If you check the box on line Ia, 2a, 3a, 4a, or 5a below and the amount on that line of the return being filed with this form was blank, then leave line Ib, 2b, 3b, 4b, or 5b, whichever is applicable, blank (do not enter -0-). If you entered -0- on the return, then enter -0- on the applicable line below. Do not complete more than one line in Part I. Ia Form 990 check here b Total revenue, if any (Form 990, Part VIII, column (A), line 12). lb 7341722254 2a Form 990-EZ check here Li b Total revenue, if any (Form 990-EZ, line 9) 2b 3a Form 1120-POL check here Li b Totaltax(Form 1120-POL, line 22) 3b 4a Form 990-PF check here b Tax based on investment income (Form 990-PF, Part VI, line 5) 4b 5a Form 8868 check here b Balance due (Form 8868, line 3c) Sb . -
Productivity in Historical Linguistics Computational Perspectives on Word-Formation in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit
University of California Los Angeles Productivity in Historical Linguistics Computational Perspectives on Word-Formation in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Indo-European Studies by Ryan Paul Sandell 2015 © Copyright by Ryan Paul Sandell 2015 Abstract of the Dissertation Productivity in Historical Linguistics Computational Perspectives on Word-Formation in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit by Ryan Paul Sandell Doctor of Philosophy in Indo-European Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Brent Harmon Vine, Chair “Productivity” is a simultaneously familiar and fraught topic for all linguists. Every linguist believes that he can recognize it, yet grasping what properties characterize a “productive” process in opposition to a non-productive one is difficult. The historical linguist ought to be particularly desperate for a definition that can be operationalized – distinguishing ar- chaism from innovation depends upon it. This dissertation is therefore first concerned with transforming “productivity” into an object that can be interrogated, and then seeking tools that can provide a useful characterization that object. On the explicitly diachronic side, I am concerned with how to measure, diagnose, and motivate changes in productivity. Cor- pora from two the oldest-attested Indo-European languages, Ancient Greek (here, mainly the Iliad and Odyssey, as well as the New Testament) and Vedic Sanskrit (here, mainly the R̥gveda) will guide and define these explorations. Within the realm of morphology and word- formation especially, I will argue that concerns about productivity rightly take pride of place in diachronic discussion, and that those discussions become more meaningful when made precise and psychologically motivated. -
Return of Organization Exempt from Income
l efile GRAPHIC p rint - DO NOT PROCESS As Filed Data - DLN: 93493195004395 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax OMB No 1545-0047 Form 990 Under section 501 ( c), 527, or 4947 ( a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code ( except private foundations) 2O1 3 Do not enter Social Security numbers on this form as it may be made public By law, the IRS Department of the Treasury Open generally cannot redact the information on the form Internal Revenue Service Inspection - Information about Form 990 and its instructions is at www.IRS.gov/form990 For the 2013 calendar year, or tax year beginning 09-01-2013 , 2013, and ending 08-31-2014 C Name of organization B Check if applicable D Employer identification number THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LE LAND STANFORD F Address change JUNIOR UNIVERSITY 94-1156365 Doing Business As F Name chang e STANFORD UNIVERSITY fl Initial return Number and street (or P 0 box if mail is not delivered to street address) Room/suite E Telephone number 3145 PORTER DRIVE F_ Terminated Suite (650)725-1732 (- Amended return City or town, state or province, country, and ZIP or foreign postal code PALO ALTO, CA 94304 F_ Application pending G Gross receipts $ 30,106,358,334 F Name and address of principal officer H(a) Is this a group return for John Hennessy subordinates? fl Yes F No Building 10 Stanford, CA 94305 H(b) Are all subordinates fl Yes (- No included? I Tax-exempt status F 501(c)(3) 1 501(c) ( ) I (insert no (- 4947(a)(1) or F_ 527 If "No," attach a list (see instructions) J Website : 1- WWW STANFORD EDU H(c) Group exemption