The Helsinki Treaty Treaty of Co-operation between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden The Helsinki Treaty Treaty of Co-operation between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden

ANP 2018:746 ISBN 978-92-893-5833-0 (PDF) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2018-746

All language versions of the Helsinki Treaty are combined in the Swedish version (2018:717).

© Nordic Council of Ministers and Nordic Council 2018

Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.

Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an im-portant role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe.

Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Shared Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive.

Nordic Council of Ministers Nordens Hus Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen www.norden.org

Download and order Nordic publications from www.norden.org/nordpub PHOTO: NORDEN.ORG, MAGNUS FRÖDERBERG MAGNUS NORDEN.ORG, PHOTO:

3 Foto: Magnus Fröderberg/Norden.org Magnus Fröderberg/Norden.org Foto: The Helsinki Treaty

Treaty of Co-operation between Denmark, desiring to strengthen and expand the Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden institutional foundations for co-operation (the Helsinki Treaty). between the Nordic countries; This Treaty was signed on 23 March considering it appropriate for 1962 and entered into force on 1 July 1962. this purpose to amend the Treaty of Co- The original text has been amended by operation of 23 March 1962 between Agreements that were signed on 13 Feb- the Nordic countries; ruary 1971, 11 March 1974, 15 June 1983, having resolved therefore to include in 6 May 1985, 21 August 1991, 18 March the Treaty of Co-operation the fundamental 1993, and 29 September 1995. The most provisions regarding the Nordic Council; and recent amendments entered into force on having resolved further to include in the 2 January 1996. Treaty of Co-operation provisions regarding a Nordic Council of Ministers, with competence in the whole field of Nordic co-operation, have agreed as follows: Preamble to the Treaty of 23 March 1962 Preamble to the Agreement of The Governments of Denmark, Finland, 11 March 1974 Iceland, Norway and Sweden, The Governments of Denmark, Finland, desiring to promote and strengthen the Iceland, Norway and Sweden, close ties existing between the Nordic peoples having amended the Treaty of Co- in matters of culture, and of legal and social operation between the Nordic countries of philosophy, and to extend the scale of co- 23 March 1962 by the Agreement of operation between the Nordic countries; 13 February 1971; and desiring to attain uniformity of regulation considering it appropriate to make throughout the Nordic countries in as many certain further amendments and additions respects as possible; to the Treaty, desiring to achieve, where possible, have agreed as follows: an appropriate division of labour between the Nordic countries in all those fields; and Preamble to the Agreement of desiring to continue the co-operative 15 June 1983 efforts of significance to the Nordic countries The Governments of Denmark, Finland, that take place within the Nordic Council and Iceland, Norway and Sweden, other co-operative agencies, having amended the Treaty of Co- have agreed to the following provisions: operation between the Nordic countries of 23 March 1962 by the Agreements of 13 Preamble to the Agreement of February 1971 and of 11 March 1974; and 13 February 1971 considering it appropriate to make certain The Governments of Denmark, Finland, amendments to the Treaty in order to provide Iceland, Norway and Sweden, the Faeroe Islands and the Åland Islands with

English a greater measure of representation on the Nordic countries in the process of European Nordic Council and on the Nordic Council of co-operation, Ministers, as well as to give Greenland the same have agreed as follows: measure of representation on these bodies, have agreed as follows: Preamble to the Agreement of 29 September 1995 Preamble to the Agreement of The Governments of Denmark, Finland, 6 May 1985 Iceland, Norway and Sweden, The Governments of Denmark, Finland, having amended the Treaty of Co- Iceland, Norway and Sweden, operation between the Nordic countries of having amended the Treaty of Co- 23 March 1962 by the Agreements of operation between the Nordic countries 13 February 1971, of 11 March 1974, of of 23 March 1962 by the Agreements of 15 June 1983, of 6 May 1985, of 21 August 13 February 1971, of 11 March 1974 and 1991, and of 18 March 1993; and of 15 June 1983; and wishing further to renew and expand wishing to make more effective co-operation between the Nordic countries in the workings of co-operation between the light of the greater participation by the the Nordic countries, Nordic countries in the process of European have agreed as follows: co-operation, have agreed as follows: Preamble to the Agreement of 21 August 1991 Introductory Provision The Governments of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, Article 1 (1,8) having amended the Treaty of Co- The High Contracting Parties shall endea- operation between the Nordic countries of vour to maintain and develop further co- 23 March 1962 by the Agreements of 13 Feb- operation between the Nordic countries in ruary 1971, of 11 March 1974, of 15 June the legal, cultural, social and economic fields, 1983 and of 6 May 1985; and as well as in those of transport and communi- considering it appropriate to make certain cations and environmental protection. amendments to the organisation and working The High Contracting Parties should hold methods of the Nordic Council, joint consultations on matters of common have agreed as follows: interest which are dealt with by European and other international organisations and Preamble to the Agreement of conferences. 18 March 1993 The Governments of Denmark, Finland, Legal Co-operation Iceland, Norway and Sweden, having amended the Treaty of Co- Article 2 (9) operation between the Nordic countries of In the drafting of laws and regulations in any 23 March 1962 by the Agreements of 13 Feb- of the Nordic countries, citizens of all the other ruary 1971, of 11 March 1974, of 15 June 1983, Nordic countries shall be treated equally with of 6 May 1985 and of 21 August 1991; and the citizens of the aforementioned country. wishing to renew and expand co- This shall apply within all those areas falling operation between the Nordic countries in within the jurisdiction of the Treaty of Co- the light of the greater participation by the operation.

5 Exceptions to the first paragraph may, Cultural Co-operation however, be made if a requirement of citi- zenship is constitutionally stipulated, or is Article 8 (2) necessary because of other international Educational provision in the schools of each of obligations or is otherwise deemed necessary the Nordic countries shall include an appro- for particular reasons. priate measure of instruction in the languages, cultures and general social conditions of the Article 3 other Nordic countries, including the Faeroe The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour Islands, Greenland and the Åland Islands. to facilitate the acquisition by citizens of one Nordic country of citizenship in another Nordic Article 9 country. Each High Contracting Party should maintain and extend the range of opportunities for Article 4 students from other Nordic countries to pursue The High Contracting Parties shall continue courses of study and sit examinations at its their co-operation in the field of law with educational establishments. A student should the aim of attaining the greatest possible be permitted to count part of an examination uniformity in the field of private law. passed in one Nordic country towards a final examination taken in another Nordic country, Article 5 whenever it is realistic. The High Contracting Parties should seek to It should be possible for students to establish uniform rules relating to criminal receive financial assistance from their home offences and the penalties for such offences. countries, irrespective of the country in which With regard to criminal offences com- their studies are being pursued. mitted in one of the Nordic countries, it shall, as far as circumstances allow, be possible Article 10 to investigate and prosecute the offence in The High Contracting Parties should co- another Nordic country. ordinate that part of the public education system that provides qualifications for certain Article 6 occupations and professions. The High Contracting Parties shall seek to The qualifications provided by such edu- achieve a co-ordination of legislation in such cation should, as far as possible, be recog- areas, other than the aforementioned, as are nised and accepted in all the Nordic coun- considered appropriate. tries. Requirements relating to supplementary education and training necessitated by Article 7 national conditions may, however, be pre- Each High Contracting Party should endeavour scribed. to ensure the implementation of regulations to allow decisions by a court of law or other public Article 11 authority in another Nordic country to be In those areas where co-operation is appro- executed also in the territory of the said Party. priate, the expansion of educational establish- ments should be co-ordinated through a con- tinuous process of co-operation with regard to the planning and execution of such expansion.

English Article 12 Article 17 Co-operation in the field of research should be Each of the High Contracting Parties shall so organised that research grants and other endeavour to ensure that safety controls of a resources are co-ordinated and used in the medical, technical or similar nature are executed best possible way, including the establishment in such a way that the authorisation or certifica- of joint institutions. tion of the control procedure will be recognised in the other Nordic countries. Article 13 In order to support and strengthen cultural Economic Co-operation development, the High Contracting Parties shall promote free Nordic adult education and Article 18 exchanges between the Nordic countries in In order to promote economic co-operation the fields of literature, art, music, theatre, film between the Nordic countries in various areas, and other areas of culture, and in so doing, the High Contracting Parties shall hold joint utilise the opportunities provided by radio and consultations on matters of economic policy. As television. part of this process, they should attend to the possibilities of co-ordinating measures aimed Social Co-operation at equalising the effects of fluctuations in the economic cycle. Article 14 The High Contracting Parties shall seek to Article 19 preserve and develop further the common The High Contracting Parties intend to promote, Nordic labour market in accordance with the to the greatest extent possible, co-operation guidelines drawn up in previous Agreements. between their countries concerning production Employment services and vocational guidance and investment and, in this regard, to seek to shall be co-ordinated. There shall be a free create the appropriate conditions for direct exchange of trainees. co-operation between companies in two or Efforts should be made to achieve a more Nordic countries. As part of a more exten- uniform application of national regulations sive international process of co-operation, the concerning health and safety at work and High Contracting Parties should seek to achieve similar matters. an appropriate division of labour between their countries in matters of production and invest- Article 15 ment. The High Contracting Parties shall endea- vour to ensure that the citizens of each Article 20 Nordic country, when resident in another The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to Nordic country, shall, as far as possible, enjoy ensure the greatest possible freedom of move- the same social benefits as are provided for ment of capital between the Nordic countries. the citizens of the country of residence. Joint solutions shall be sought in other matters of common interest pertaining to payment and Article 16 currency. The High Contracting Parties shall develop further co-operation in public health, and me- Article 21 dical care and temperance work, as well as in The High Contracting Parties shall seek to the care of children and young people. consolidate previously initiated co-operative

7 efforts aimed at eliminating trade barriers Article 27 between the Nordic countries and strengthen The construction of transport and communica- and develop further such co-operation to the tion links that affect the territories of two or greatest extent possible. more High Contracting Parties shall take place subject to consultations between the Parties Article 22 concerned. In matters of international trade policy, the High Contracting Parties shall endeavour, joint- Article 28 ly and severally, to promote Nordic interests, The High Contracting Parties shall seek to and shall hold joint consultations to this end. maintain and develop further the co-operation that has made their territories into a single Article 23 passport-control area. Cross-border passport The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour controls of travellers between Nordic countries to bring about the co-ordination of technical shall otherwise be co-ordinated and further and administrative customs regulations and simplified. make such simplifications of customs proce- dures as to facilitate transport and communi- Article 29 cations between the Nordic countries. The High Contracting Parties shall co-ordinate their efforts to improve road safety. Article 24 The regulations governing Nordic cross-border Co-operation in the Area of trade shall be so formulated as to cause a Environmental Protection (3) minimum of inconvenience to the inhabitants of the border areas. Article 30 (3) In their national legislation and in the appli- Article 25 cation there­of, the High Contracting Parties When the need arises, and where the appro- shall, to the greatest extent possible, place priate conditions obtain, for the joint eco- the environmental interests of the other High nomic development of adjacent areas in the Contracting Parties on an equal footing with territories of two or more High Contracting their own. Parties, these Parties shall jointly endeavour to promote such development. Article 31 (3) The High Contracting Parties shall seek to Co-operation on Transport and harmonise their environmental protection Communications regulations so as to attain the greatest possi- ble measure of agreement on standards and Article 26 guidelines relating to pollution, the use of toxic The High Contracting Parties shall endea- substances that harm the environment, and vour to consolidate previously initiated other damaging effects on the environment. co-operative efforts in the field of transport and communications and seek to develop Article 32 (3) this co-operation with a view to facilitating The High Contracting Parties shall seek to transport and communication links and the co-ordinate matters relating to the allocation exchange of goods between the Nordic coun- of nature reserves and recreational areas, and tries and to finding appropriate solutions to to protective initiatives and other measures any problems that may exist in this field. for the conservation of flora and fauna.

English Other Areas of Co-operation Special Agreements (3)

Article 33 (8) Article 38 (3) Participation by the High Contracting Parties Detailed provisions concerning co-operation in European and other international forms in the fields here mentioned may be set out in of co-operation provides excellent oppor- special Agreements. tunities for collaboration for the benefit of Nordic citizens and companies. The Govern- The Forms of Nordic Co-operation ments bear a particular responsibility in this regard to safeguard common interests and Article 39 (4) values. In order to implement Nordic co-operation and develop it further within the terms of Article 34 this Treaty and other Agreements, the Nordic Public Officials in the Foreign Services of countries should hold joint consultations on a any of the High Contracting Parties who are permanent basis and, where necessary, take serving outside the Nordic countries shall, co-ordinated measures. to the extent that it is compat­ible with their duties and when no objection is lodged by Article 40 (4,8) the country in which they are serving, also be Nordic co-operation shall take place in of assistance to citizens of the other Nordic the Nordic Council, in the Nordic Council countries, should the latter not be represen- of Ministers, at the meetings of the Prime ted in the territory concerned. Ministers, at the meetings of the Foreign Ministers and those of other Ministers and Article 35 in special co-operative bodies, as well as The High Contracting Parties should, between the specialised public authorities wherever possible and appropriate, co- of the Nordic countries. ordinate their activities concerning aid to, and co-operation with, the developing Article 41 countries. Provisions resulting from co-operation be- tween two or more High Contracting Parties Article 36 may not be altered by any Party, unless the Measures aimed at disseminating greater other Parties are notified thereof. Notification information about the Nordic countries and is, however, not required in urgent cases or Nordic co-operation should be taken in close where the provisions concerned are of minor collaboration between the High Contracting importance. Parties and their foreign information services. Joint approaches and arrangements may be Article 42 considered where these are deemed appro- Public authorities in the Nordic countries priate. may correspond directly with one another on matters other than those which, by their na- Article 37 ture or for other reasons, should be dealt with The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour through the agency of their Foreign Services. to co-ordinate the various branches of their official statistics.

9 Article 43 (3) eighteen, the Icelandic Parliament seven, In matters pertaining to Nordic co-operation, the Parliaments of Norway and of Sweden the principle of public access should be twenty each, the Parliaments of the Faeroe observed to the greatest extent possible. Islands and Greenland, and the Legislative Assembly of the Åland Islands two each. The Nordic Council (5) Each of the popularly elected assemblies also elects a corresponding number of substitute Article 44 (5,2) members. It is in the Nordic Council that the popularly The election of members and substitute elected assemblies of the Nordic countries and members takes place annually, and their term those of the Faeroe Islands, Greenland and the lasts until the next election. In the election of Åland Islands, the Governments of the Nordic members, different political opinions are to countries and the Home Rule Governments be represented on the Council. of the Faeroe Islands and Green­land and the Only a member of the Assembly conduc- Regional Government of the Åland Islands ting the election may be elected a member co-operate. The Council has the power to or substitute member of the Council. initiate proposals and to give advice on The Governments, including the Home matters pertaining to co-operation between Rule Governments of the Faeroe Islands and all or some of these countries and the Faeroe Greenland and the Regional Government of Islands, Greenland, and the Åland Islands and the Åland Islands, may appoint from among is otherwise charged with the functions evident their members the number of representatives under this Treaty and in other Agreements. they wish to send.

Article 45 (5) Article 48 (5,2,8,9) The Council may adopt recommendations, The national delegation of Denmark consists of make other representations or issue state- the members elected by the Danish Parliament ments of its views to one or more of the and of the representatives appointed by the Governments of the Nordic countries or to Danish Government together with the dele- the Council of Ministers. gations of the Faeroe Islands and Greenland referred to in the following paragraph. The Article 46 (5) national delegation of Finland consists of the In addition to what has been specifically members elected by the Finnish Parliament and agreed, the Council should be given the oppor- of the representatives appointed by the Finnish tunity to state its views on major issues of Government together with the delegation of Nordic co-operation unless this is impracticable the Åland Islands referred to in the following due to time constraints. paragraph. The national delegations of the other countries consist of the members elected Article 47 (5,2,8) by the national parliament and of the represen- The Council consists of 87 elected members, tatives appointed by the Government. representatives of the Nordic Governments The delegation of the Faeroe Islands and representatives of the Home Rule Govern- consists of the members elected by the ments of the Faeroe Islands and Greenland, Parliament of the Faeroe Islands and the and the Regional Government of the Åland representatives appointed by the Home Rule Islands. Government. Greenland’s delegation consists The Danish Parliament appoints sixteen of of the members elected by the Parliament the elected members, the Finnish Parliament of Greenland and by the representatives

English appointed by the Home Rule Government. The Different political opinions shall be repre- delegation of the Åland Islands consists of the sented in the Presidium. Each country shall be members elected by the Legislative Assembly represented in the Presidium. of the Åland Islands and by the representa- Members of the Presidium shall be elected tives appointed by the Regional Government. members of the Council. The term “delegation”, as used in Article The Presidium deals with the Council’s 58, paragraph 2, shall be understood to mean current business and otherwise represents the national delegation. the Council to the extent set out in this Treaty and in the Council’s Rules of Procedure. Article 49 (5,2) The Presidency of the Council shall rotate The representatives of the Nordic Govern- between the Nordic countries in the manner ments, the Home Rule Governments of the prescribed by the Rules of Procedure of the Faeroe Islands and Greenland and of the Nordic Council. Regional Government of the Åland Islands are not entitled to vote in the Council. Article 53 (5,9) In matters relating to the application of The Plenary Assembly shall determine the Agreements between certain of the countries, number of Standing Committees and their only the Council members of the countries areas of operation. The Standing Committees involved are entitled to vote. shall prepare matters for consideration by the Council. Article 50 (5) The organs of the Nordic Council are the Article 54 (5,6,7,9) Plenary Assembly, the Presidium and the The Nordic Council shall be assisted in its work Standing Committees. by a Secretariat of the Presidium.

Article 51 (5,7,9) Article 55 (5,2,7,9) The Plenary Assembly consists of all the mem- The Governments, including the Home Rule bers of the Council. Governments of the Faeroe Islands and of The Plenary Assembly shall hold at least Greenland and the Regional Government of one ordinary session annually. Extraordinary the Åland Islands, the Council of Ministers, the sessions are to be held when the Presidium so Council Presidium, the Standing Committees decides, or when no fewer than two Govern- and the members are entitled to submit pro- ments, or no fewer than twenty-five elected posals to the Council. members, so request. The powers of the Council shall be Article 56 (5,7) exercised by the Plenary Assembly, unless Recommendations may be adopted by the otherwise specially prescribed. Plenary Assembly on the basis of the proposals Unless the Plenary Assembly decides submitted. otherwise, its deliberations shall be public. Other representations may be made by the Presidium on the basis of the proposals Article 52 (5,6,7,9) submitted. At its annual ordinary session, the Plenary Statements of views are to be made by Assembly shall appoint for a term of one calen- the Plenary Assembly. When representations dar year a Presidium consisting of a President are made by the Presidium, there shall be a and the number of members specified in the statement of views by the Presidium. Rules of Procedure of the Nordic Council.

11 The Presidium shall report to the Plenary Article 61 (5,1,2,8) Assembly on the measures it has taken, with Members of a National Government, a Home reference to the second and third paragraph Rule Government or the Regional Government of this Article. of Åland Islands may in exceptional cases be represented at a meeting by duly autho- Article 57 (5,7) rised persons. However, no fewer than three Elected members may submit questions to a countries must be represented by Government Government or to the Council of Ministers members. with regard to reports or communications It is the Prime Ministers who are respon- submitted to the Council or on any other sible for the overall co-ordination of matters matters pertaining to Nordic co-operation. of Nordic co-operation. In each country, they shall be assisted by a member of the Govern- Article 58 (5,2,7) ment (the Minister for Co-operation) and Each delegation is to bear the costs of its an Under-Secretary of State or government participation in the Council. official (a member of the national Standing For each financial year, the Presidium shall Committee on Nordic Co-operation). determine how the joint expenditure is to be The Presidency of the Council shall rotate apportioned among the delegations. between the Governments of the Nordic countries in accordance with the detailed Article 59 (5) provisions of an Agreement. It is the Presi- The Plenary Assembly shall determine the dency that is responsible for co-ordinating Rules of Procedure of the Nordic Council. co-operation between the Governments of For decisions on the adoption of Rules of the Nordic countries and for initiating action Procedure, or on amendments thereto, a on appropriate matters. The Presidency shall two-thirds majority of the elected members preside over the business of the Council of of the Council is required. Ministers, at other Ministerial meetings and at the consultations of the Governments on The Nordic Council of Ministers (5) European and other international matters at all levels. Article 60 (5,2) The Council of Ministers shall be assisted It is in the Nordic Council of Ministers that in its work by Committees of Government the Governments of the Nordic countries Officials and by the Secretariat of the Council co-operate. of Ministers. The Home Rule Governments of the Faeroe Islands and Greenland and the Article 62 (5) Regional Government of the Åland Islands take The Council of Ministers is quorate when all part in the work of the Council of Ministers. the Nordic countries are represented on the The Council of Ministers makes decisions Council of Ministers. In respect of matters of to the extent set out in this Treaty and in exclusive concern to certain countries, however, other Agreements between the Nordic coun- only those countries need be represented. tries. The Council of Ministers is also respon- Each country has one vote in the Council sible for co-operation between the Govern- of Ministers. ments of the Nordic countries and between The decisions of the Council of Ministers the Governments and the Nordic Council in shall be unanimous. Procedural matters may, other matters relating to co-operation. however, be settled by a simple majority of

English those voting and, in the event that the vote is Article 65 (5) tied, by the casting vote of the Presidency. Prior to each ordinary session of the Plenary Abstentions do not constitute an impedi- Assembly of the Nordic Council, the Council ment to a decision. of Ministers shall report to the Nordic Council on the measures taken in respect of the Article 63 (5,2,8) Council’s recommendations and other repre- The decisions of the Council of Ministers sentations. If a recommendation or other form are binding on each country. Decisions on of representation has been addressed to one matters that under the constitution of any or more Governments, such a report may be one of the countries require parliamentary submitted instead by that Government or the approval, however, are not binding on that Governments to which the recommendations country until approved by its Parliament. If or representations were made. such approval is necessary, the Council of Ministers shall be informed thereof before Article 66 (5) making its decision. Until parliamentary The Council of Ministers determines its own approval has been obtained, no other country Rules of Procedure. is bound by the decision. Decisions made under this Treaty are Article 67 (5) binding on the Faeroe Islands, Greenland and Consultations between the Governments of the Åland Islands, insofar as they accede to the Nordic countries may take place at the the decision in accordance with their statutes meetings of the Nordic ministers as well as in of self-government. the Council of Ministers.

Article 64 (5,6,8) Amendments to the Treaty (5) The Council of Ministers shall submit an annual report to the Nordic Council on the subject Article 68 (5) of Nordic co-operation and an account of the The Nordic Council shall be given the oppor- plans for future co-operation. tunity to state its views before the High Con- The Prime Minister of the country holding tracting Parties agree any amendments the Presidency shall report to the Nordic to this Treaty. Council on the main features of this co- operation and on co-operation between Concluding Articles the Governments on European and other international issues. Final Provisions of the Treaty of The Nordic Council of Ministers shall 23 March 1962 submit its proposals for budgetary dispo- Article 69 sitions to the Nordic Council for its conside- This Treaty shall be ratified and the instru- ration. ments of ratification deposited at the earliest The Nordic Council may propose changes possible date with the Ministry for Foreign to the priorities made in the financial frame- Affairs in Finland. work set out by the Council of Ministers. The Treaty shall enter into force on the Unless there are extreme circumstances first day of the month immediately following not to do so, the Council of Ministers shall the date on which the instruments of comply with the recommendations of the ratification of all the Parties have been Council regarding the budget, within the deposited. financial framework as set out.

13 Article 70 day of February 1971, in the Danish, Finnish, Should any of the High Contracting Parties Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish lan- wish to terminate this Treaty, written notice guages, in a single copy, each text being to this effect shall be delivered to the Finnish equally authoritative. Government, which must immediately inform […] all the other High Contracting Parties thereof, and of the date when notice was received. Final Provisions of the Agreement of The termination applies only to the coun- 11 March 1974 try giving notice, and shall take effect on the This Agreement shall be ratified and the instru- first day of the month that falls six months ments of ratification deposited at the earliest after the date when the Finnish Government possible date with the Ministry for Foreign received notice of termination. Affairs in Finland. The Treaty shall be deposited with the The Agreement shall be deposited with Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Finland, and the the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Finland, said Ministry shall transmit certified copies and the said Ministry shall transmit certified thereof to each High Contracting Party. copies thereof to each High Contracting In witness whereof the undersigned rep- Party. resentatives, being duly authorised thereto, The Agreement shall enter into force thirty have appended their signatures to this Treaty. days after the date on which the instruments Done at Helsinki, in the Danish, Finnish, of ratification of all the High Contracting Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish languages, Parties have been deposited. in a single copy, each text being equally autho- In witness whereof the undersigned ritative, this 23rd day of March, nineteen representatives, being duly authorised hundred and sixty two. thereto, have appended their signatures to [...] this Agreement in Copenhagen this 11th day of March 1974, in the Danish, Finnish, Ice- Final Provisions of the Agreement of landic, Norwegian and Swedish languages, 13 February 1971 in a single copy, each text being equally This Agreement shall be ratified and the instru- authoritative. ments of ratification deposited at the earliest […] possible date with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Finland. Final Provisions of the Agreement of The Agreement shall be deposited with 15 June 1983 the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Finland This Agreement shall be ratified and the instru- and the said Ministry shall transmit certified ments of ratification deposited at the earliest copies thereof to each High Contracting possible date with the Ministry for Foreign Party. Affairs in Finland, and the said Ministry shall The Agreement shall enter into force thirty transmit certified copies thereof to the other days after the date on which the instruments High Contracting Parties. of ratification of all the High Contracting The Agreement shall enter into force thirty Parties have been deposited. days after the date on which the instruments In witness whereof the undersigned of ratification of all the High Contracting representatives, being duly authorised Parties have been deposited. thereto, have appended their signatures to In witness whereof the undersigned this Agreement in Copenhagen this 13th representatives, being duly authorised

English thereto, have appended their signatures to be deposited at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs this Agreement in Reykjavík this 15th day of in Finland, which shall transmit certified June 1983, in the Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, copies thereof to the other Parties. Norwegian and Swedish languages, in a single In witness whereof the undersigned copy, each text being equally authoritative. representatives, being duly authorised […] thereto, have appended their signatures to this Agreement. Final Provisions of the Agreement of Done at Tampere, this 21st day of August 6 May 1985 1991, in the Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Nor- This Agreement enters into force thirty days wegian and Swedish languages, in a single copy, after the date on which all the High Con- each text being equally authoritative. tracting Parties have notified the Ministry for […] Foreign Affairs in Finland that the measures necessary for the Agreement to enter into Final Provisions of the Agreement of force have been taken. 18 March 1993 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Finland This Agreement enters into force thirty days shall notify the other High Contracting Parties after the date on which all the High Con- of the time of receipt of these notifications. tracting Parties have notified the Ministry for The original text of this Agreement shall Foreign Affairs in Finland that the Agreement be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign has been approved. Affairs in Finland, which shall transmit certi- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Finland fied copies thereof to the other High Con- shall notify the other High Contracting Parties tracting Parties. of the receipt of these notifications and of the In witness whereof the undersigned date of the entry into force of this Agreement. representatives, being duly authorised The original copy of this Agreement shall thereto, have appended their signatures to be deposited at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs this Agreement. in Finland, which shall transmit certified copies Done at Lund this 6th day of May 1985, thereof to the other High Contracting Parties. in the Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian In witness whereof the undersigned and Swedish languages, in a single copy, representatives, being duly authorised each text being equally authoritative. thereto, have appended their signatures to this […] Agreement. Done at Helsinki, this 18th day of March Final Provisions of the Agreement of 21 1993, in the Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Nor- August 1991 wegian and Swedish languages, in a single This Agreement enters into force thirty days copy, each text being equally after the date on which all the High Con- authoritative. tracting Parties have notified the Ministry for […] Foreign Affairs in Finland that the Agreement has been approved. Final Provisions of the Agreement of The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Finland 29 September 1995 shall notify the other High Contracting Parties This Agreement enters into force fifteen days of the receipt of these notifications and of the after the date on which all the Parties have date of entry into force of this Agreement. notified the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in The original copy of this Agreement shall Finland that the Agreement has been approved.

15 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Finland List of footnotes shall notify the other Parties of the receipt of 1 New wording in 1974. these notifications and of the date of entry 2 New wording in 1983. into force of this Agreement. 3 This article was added in 1974. The original copy of this Agreement shall 4 New wording in 1971. be deposited at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 5 This article was added in 1971. in Finland, which shall transmit certified 6 New wording in 1985. copies thereof to the other Parties. 7 New wording in 1991. In witness whereof the undersigned 8 New wording in 1993. representatives, being duly authorised 9 New wording in 1995. thereto, have appended their signatures to this Agreement. Done at Copenhagen this 29th day of September 1995, in the Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish languages, in a single copy, each text being equally authoritative. […]

English Nordic Council of Ministers Nordens Hus Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen www.norden.org

ANP 2018:746 ISBN 978-92-893-5833-0 (PDF)

17