Multiculturalism in Public Policies
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Subotica Profilex
Subotica Intercultural Profile Background The Kosztolányi Dezső Theatre describes Subotica as at ‘the entrance to the European Union, and the limit to the Balkan region’ and as ‘an open-minded city, full of possibilities’. In the past 150 years it has been part of the Austro-Hungarian empire, Hungary (twice), the two manifestations of Yugoslavia and its successor states, and now Serbia. Roads out of the city lead variously to Hungary, Romania, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, connecting hundreds of thousands of people of various nationalities and religions, immigrants and emigrants, relatives and mixed marriages. Subotica has an unusual, in some ways unique, ambience. One explanation of the derivation of its Hungarian name, Sabatka, is that it means ‘free place’ and Subotica’s citizens did buy their freedom in the 18 th century from Maria Theresa of Austria. This has allowed of a history of individual liberty (and entrepreneurship) more conducive to the idea of intercultural tolerance than collectivistic, nationalistic ideologies. Thus the city always voted for opposition parties during the Milošević years and the nationalistic parties are barely represented in the City Assembly. The Subotica-born writer Danilo Kiš encapsulated the multi-ethnic city thus: ‘Subotica: Kosztolányi, synagogue, baroque town hall … multilingualism’. The municipality has three official languages: Hungarian, Serbian and Croatian—although the latter two have their common root in Serbo-Croat. The demographic breakdown of Subotica is: Hungarians 38.5 per cent, Serbs 24.1, Croats 11.2, Bunjevci 11.0 per cent and 17.2 per cent comprising self- defined Yugoslavs, Montenegrins, Roma, Albanians, Ruthenians and others. -
The Production of Lexical Tone in Croatian
The production of lexical tone in Croatian Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie im Fachbereich Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität zu Frankfurt am Main vorgelegt von Jevgenij Zintchenko Jurlina aus Kiew 2018 (Einreichungsjahr) 2019 (Erscheinungsjahr) 1. Gutacher: Prof. Dr. Henning Reetz 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Sven Grawunder Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 01.11.2018 ABSTRACT Jevgenij Zintchenko Jurlina: The production of lexical tone in Croatian (Under the direction of Prof. Dr. Henning Reetz and Prof. Dr. Sven Grawunder) This dissertation is an investigation of pitch accent, or lexical tone, in standard Croatian. The first chapter presents an in-depth overview of the history of the Croatian language, its relationship to Serbo-Croatian, its dialect groups and pronunciation variants, and general phonology. The second chapter explains the difference between various types of prosodic prominence and describes systems of pitch accent in various languages from different parts of the world: Yucatec Maya, Lithuanian and Limburgian. Following is a detailed account of the history of tone in Serbo-Croatian and Croatian, the specifics of its tonal system, intonational phonology and finally, a review of the most prominent phonetic investigations of tone in that language. The focal point of this dissertation is a production experiment, in which ten native speakers of Croatian from the region of Slavonia were recorded. The material recorded included a diverse selection of monosyllabic, bisyllabic, trisyllabic and quadrisyllabic words, containing all four accents of standard Croatian: short falling, long falling, short rising and long rising. Each target word was spoken in initial, medial and final positions of natural Croatian sentences. -
Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a Case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian Group in Toronto
Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a Case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian Group in Toronto By Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Trinity College and the Theological Department of the Toronto School of Theology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology awarded by the University of St. Michael's College © Copyright by Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar 2016 Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian group in Toronto PhD 2016 Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar University of St.Michael’s College Abstract This study explores how the Macedono-Bulgarian and Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox churches in Toronto have attuned themselves to the immigrant community—specifically to post-1990 immigrants who, while unchurched and predominantly secular, have revived diaspora churches. This paradox raises questions about the ways that religious institutions operate in diaspora, distinct from their operations in the country of origin. This study proposes and develops the concept “institutional vernacularization” as an analytical category that facilitates assessment of how a religious institution relates to communal factors. I propose this as an alternative to secularization, which inadequately captures the diaspora dynamics. While continuing to adhere to their creeds and confessional symbols, diaspora churches shifted focus to communal agency and produced new collective and “popular” values. The community is not only a passive recipient of the spiritual gifts but is also a partner, who suggests new forms of interaction. In this sense, the diaspora church is engaged in vernacular discourse. The notion of institutional vernacularization is tested against the empirical results of field work in four Greater Toronto Area churches. -
The Bunjevci Studies 311
Summary: The Bunjevci Studies 311 SUMMARY The Bunjevci Studies he book consists of several short studies of the Croat ethnic group of Bunjevci, Tand various aspects of their traditional culture, ethnicity and the way of life. The Bunjevci are a group of the ethnic Croats, originating from Dalmatia, southwestern Bosnia and Hercegovina; in the 17th century they migrated to the regions of Primorje, Lika and Gorski kotar in the western Croatia, and the Danube area in the north (Hungary, Serbia and Montenegro). The book is divided in three units. The first unit deals with a branch of the Bunjevci in Primorje, Lika and Gorski kotar, the second unit with the Bunjevci branch in the Danube area, and the third one with the ethnocultural processes con- cerning the Bunjevci ethnic group in the context of South East Europe. The introductory chapter deals with the question: How to Approach the Study of Bunjevci group identities (which is also the chapter’s title). The holistic approach to the research of their cultural heritage, and the ethnocultural processes through which the Bunjevci have been formed as a distinct ethnic group, could contribute to the bet- ter understanding of the way in which the identity of an ethnic group has been, and is being, formed, as well as in which the manifold identites of each particular branch have been constructed. The author points to the differences in the construction of two Bunjevci branches’ identities (the Primorje and the Danube area Bunjevci), based on the analysis of their perception of the way of dressing. In both cases the way of dressing stands as a symbol of the collective identity. -
Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) // Slověne
Patterns and Паттерны и Mechanisms of механизмы Lexical Changes in the лексических Languages of Symbiotic изменений в языках Communities: симбиотических Kinship Terminology сообществ: термины in Karashevo родства в Карашево (Banat, Romania) (Банат, Румыния) Daria V. Konior Дарья Владимировна Конёр The Institute for Linguistic Studies Институт лингвистических исследований of the Russian Academy of Sciences Российской академии наук St. Petersburg, Russia С.-Петербург, Россия Abstract This article deals with the ethnolinguistic situation in one of the most archaic areas of language and cultural contact between South Slavic and Eastern Ro- mance populations—the Karashevo microregion in Banat, Romania. For the fi rst time, the lexical-semantic group of kinship terms in the Krashovani dia- lects from the Slavic-speaking village of Carașova and the Romanian-speak- ing village of Iabalcea is being analysed in a comparative perspective as two Цитирование: Konior D. V. Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) // Slověne. 2020. Vol. 9, № 1. C. 381–411. Citation: Konior D. V. (2019) Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania). Slověne, Vol. 9, № 1, p. 381–411. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.1.14 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 2020 №1 Slověne Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: 382 | Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) separate linguistic codes which “serve” the same local culture. The main goal of the research was to investigate patterns of borrowing mechanisms which could link lexical (sub)systems of spiritual culture under the conditions of in- timate language contact in symbiotic communities. -
Interview with Dr. Stephan E. Nikolov (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) About Macedonian- Bulgarian Relationships
New Balkan Politics Issue 13, 2013 Interview with Dr. Stephan E. Nikolov (Bulgarian academy of sciences) about Macedonian- Bulgarian relationships 1. M. Maleska: Mr. Nikolov, you published a text entitled “The Bulgaria obsession: Macedonia in the 20th century and Bulgarian Politics” as far back as 2001/2002 in the first issue of NBP. It’s been 13 years since. Is Macedonia still an obsession of Bulgarian politics? What are the priorities of Bulgaria today? What is its politics preoccupied with and where is its interest towards Macedonia in its agenda? The last foreign policy statements of the Bulgarian government before the pressure of mass protests appeared in the country showed clearly that Macedonia continues to be an obsession. This is so especially since the attitude towards present-day Macedonians, imposed as a dogma, is an attitude towards people who have forgotten their Bulgarian origins and who will one day “return” as the prodigal son. Unfortunately, this position is shared by scientists, especially historians, who are dogmatically attached to the concept of invariability of ethnic identity, believing its roots are deep in antiquity and that it is resistant to historical changes, which have caused long-lasting interruptions and lack of a feeling of belonging to a state – undoubtedly the most powerful factor of nation creation, then falling under strong influence of the neighboring countries, which have occasionally ruled over the territories and population that now belong to both states, as well as continual coexistence with people of many various ethnic backgrounds (tribes, peoples), religious beliefs and cultural backgrounds. It is impossible here to explain thoroughly these positions, but if I only limit myself to the relations of the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as the Bulgarian communities behind the border, I can mention the lack of consistency, being prone to long-lasting prejudices and stereotypes, as well as belonging to a group, including belonging to a party. -
The National Councils of National Minorities in Serbia
The national councils of national minorities in Serbia Katinka Beretka* and István Gergő Székely** January 2016 Recommended citation: Beretka Katinka and Székely István Gergő, “The national councils of national minorities in the Republic of Serbia”, Online Compendium Autonomy Arrangements in the World, January 2016, at www.world-autonomies.info. © 2016 Autonomy Arrangements in the World Content 1. Essential Facts and Figures 2. Autonomy in the Context of the State Structure 3. Establishment and Implementation of Autonomy 4. Legal Basis of Autonomy 5. Autonomous Institutions 6. Autonomous Powers 7. Financial Arrangements 8. Intergovernmental Relations 9. Inter-group Relations within the Autonomous Entity (not applicable) 10. Membership, “Quasi-citizenship” and Special Rights 11. General Assessment and Outlook Bibliography 2016 © Autonomy Arrangements in the World Project 1. Essential Facts and Figures 1 Serbia is located in the center of the Balkans, being an everyday subject of world news from the beginning of the 1990s, often due to ethnicity-related issues, ranging from civil war and secession to autonomy arrangements meant to accommodate ethnocultural diversity. Although according to the 2011 census almost 20% of the total population of the state (without Kosovo) belong to a minority group (see Table 1), in Serbia there are no officially recognized or unrecognized minorities. There is neither an exact enumeration of minority groups, nor clear principles to be followed about how a minority should be recognized. While the absence of precise regulations may be regarded as problematic, the approach of Serbia to the minority question can also be interpreted as being rather liberal, which may have resulted from the intention to protect ethnic Serb refugees who have become minorities abroad, including in the former Yugoslav member states. -
Proceedings of the Regional Conference
Research, Preserva Research, Structural Funds Opština Vršac EUROPEAN UNION GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA SERBIAN GOVERNMENT 2007–2013 tion and Presentation of Banat Heritage Vršac, Serbia Vršac, Heritage Banat of and Presentation tion proceedings of the regional conference Research, Preservation and Presentation of Banat Heritage: Current State and Long Term Strategy Vršac, Serbia 17–19 November 2011 This project is funded by the European Union Investing in your future! Romania-Republic of Serbia IPA Cross-border Cooperation Programme is financed by the European Union under the Instrument for Pre-Accession (IPA) and cofinanced by the partner states in the programme. www. romania-serbia.net Project title: Home of Longevity for Cultural Treasury of Banat Material editor: Municipality of Vršac Publishing date: July 2012 The content of this material does not necessarily represent the official position of the European Union In case of any complaints, contact: [email protected] IPA Project • Regional Center for Cultural Heritage of Banat • Concordia Vršac, Bulevar Žarka Zrenjanina 20 • +381 13 832 902 • www.muzejvrsac.org.rs/bb • [email protected] ISBN 978-86-83911-51-6 www.romania-serbia.net Regional Center for Cultural Heritage of Banat • Concordia Proceedings of the Regional Conference Research, Preservation and Presentation of Banat Heritage: Current State and Long Term Strategy Vršac, Serbia 17–19 November 2011 City Museum of Vršac 2012 HOME OF LONGEVITY FOR CULTURAL TREASURY OF BANAT – ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL CULTURAL CENTRE FOR BANAT HERITAGE – “KONKORDIA” Structural Funds Opština Vršac EUROPEAN UNION GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA SERBIAN GOVERNMENT 2007–2013 Authors Aleksandra Đurić Milovanović Aleksandra Stamenković Biljana Marković Bogdana Branca Branko Mušič Călin Timoc Carmen Albert • Dejan Radičević Đorđe Janković Daria Grossman Dragan B. -
The Role of Ritual Traditional Clothing Among Bunjevci Croats in Serbia in the Revitalisation of Annual Customs and Rituals
https://doi.org/10.7592/FEJF2016.66.cernelic THE ROLE OF RITUAL TRADITIONAL CLOTHING AMONG BUNJEVCI CROATS IN SERBIA IN THE REVITALISATION OF ANNUAL CUSTOMS AND RITUALS Milana Černelić Abstract: The article deals with the traditional costume worn in the course of calendar festivals and the feast marking the end of the harvest among a Croa- tian subethnic group in the region of Bačka (county of Vojvodina) in Serbia. The traditional costume carries an important symbolic meaning in the process of revitalising customs and, as such, it represents an ethnocultural identity marker of the group. The customs analysed have undergone a great revival in the past twenty years, being observed in certain calendar periods or on specific days during the ritual year, such as the central cultural and social event – the prelo (spinning bee) in the winter period of Shrovetide, and the Pentecost pageant called kraljice, as well as on the occasion of the Dužijanca, a celebration marking the end of the harvest among the Bunjevci Croats in the region of Bačka, which has existed as a public event for over a century. The article is based on the actual field data gathered by the author and her associates. Keywords: annual customs, Bunjevci, Dužijanca (harvest celebration), kraljice (Pentecost pageant), prelo (spinning bee), St. John’s Day, traditional costume INTRODUCTION: THEORETICAL ANNOTATIONS In an attempt to understand the reality which we live (in), we often rely on ethnology and cultural anthropology. As a conceptual science it directs us, theoretically and methodologically (with the pertaining terminology), towards the definitions and concepts of culture and identity, i.e. -
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
ACFC/SR (2002) 003 REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (Received on 16 October 2002) FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA FEDERAL MINISTRY OF NATIONAL AND ETHNIC COMMUNITIES THE FIRST REPORT BY THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES Submitted pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 1, of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities Belgrade 2002 2 THE FIRST REPORT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA Submitted pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 1, of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities TABLE OF CONTENTS: PART I: INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................6 PART II: GENERAL INFORMATION............................................................................................….8 1. Basic historical facts.................................................................................…….8 2. Basic demographic facts....................................................................................9 3. Basic economic indices....................................................................................13 4. Status of International Law..............................................................................14 5. Basic problems.............................................................................................…15 -
Language Ideologies of the Bunjevac Minority in Vojvodina: Historical Backgrounds and the Post-1991 Situation
Language Ideologies of the Bunjevac Minority in Vojvodina: Historical Backgrounds and the Post-1991 Situation Masumi Kameda 1. Introduction 1-1. Overview Bunjevci (singular: Bunjevac) are South Slavic Catholic people sit- uated mainly in the autonomous province of Vojvodina (especially that of Bačka region1 in the northwest part of Serbia), southern Hungary, Cro- atian coastal area (Dalmatia and Lika), and in western Herzegovina. The Bunjevac dialect2 is a Štovakian dialect form of the western South Slavic languages and shows Ikavian reflexes of Common Slavic vowel jat’.3 The modern realizations of jat’ (e, ije/je, and i) are named Ekavian, (I) jekavian and Ikavian, and Ikavian variant is characteristic for the speech 1 The Bačka region is today divided into Hungarian and Serbian sections. 2 This paper mostly refers to the language of Bunjevci as the Bunjevac “dia- lect” following the official current denomination “Bunjevački govor” (literally meaning “Bunjevac speech”) in the Republic of Serbia. 3 The Serbo-Croatian speaking territory is divided into three major dialect areas, named after three forms of the interrogative pronoun “what”: Štokavian, Kajkavian, and Čakavian. Štokavian is the base of standard Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin languages, and on the other hand, Kajkavian and Čakavian is dialect forms of Croatian. The subdivisions of the dialectical varia- tions are based on the accentual system and reflexes of jat’. - 95 - MasuMi KaMeda of Istrian Dalmatian region of Croatia, while Ekavian is commonly as- sociated with standard Serbian, and (I)jekavian with standard Croatian. The main phonological features of Bunjevac dialect are as follows: (1) strong Ikavian, (2) loss of phoneme h or its replacement by v and j, (3) shortened form of ao / eo to o, and (4) loss of non-accented i. -
The Use of Hungarian and Serbian in the City of Szabadka/Subotica: an Empirical Study.” Hungarian Cultural Studies
Ferdinand, Siarl and Flora Komlosi. “The Use of Hungarian and Serbian in the City of Szabadka/Subotica: An Empirical Study.” Hungarian Cultural Studies. e-Journal of the American Hungarian Educators Association, Volume 10 (2017) DOI: 10.5195/ahea.2017.278 The Use of Hungarian and Serbian in the City of Szabadka*/Subotica: An Empirical Study Siarl Ferdinand and Flora Komlosi Abstract: In this study Ferdinand and Komlosi analyze the use of Hungarian and Serbian in the city of Szabadka/Subotica, which is located in the Serbian region of Northern Vajdaság/Vojvodina. A mostly Hungarian speaking city for centuries, Szabadka/Subotica suffered the strong pro-Serbian language policy implemented by the Yugoslavian government from the end of the First World War until the dismantlement of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, which gave Hungarian and other local minority languages a second chance to survive. Nowadays, Szabadka/Subotica is home to two main language groups, southern Slavic languages such a Serbian and Croatian (over sixty per cent) and Hungarian (thirty three per cent). Although Ferdinand and Komlosi employed official figures from the Serbian censuses to determine the size of each group, the situation of each language was mapped through empirical observation of language use in informal conversations, in official signage, and in permanent as well as temporary commercial signage. The results show that the role of Serbian (mostly written in Latin script) is dominant in almost all spheres of public life and as a lingua franca among various groups. Nevertheless, Hungarian maintains a strong presence in the city, especially in the center and in its northwestern districts.