E1465 VOL. 3 SATLUJ JAL VIDYUT NIGAM LIMITED D Public Disclosure Authorized MANAGED RIVER FLOW WATER & ENVIRONMENT RAMPUR HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT (RHEP) Public Disclosure Authorized o--. .4 7w Public Disclosure Authorized s - i Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT DHI (India) Water & Environment SEPTEMBER 2006 MANAGED RIVER FLOW K-71, First Floor Hauz Khas Enclave PROJCT 'HEP' New Delhi 11 00 16, India RAMPUR HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT (RHEP) Tel: +91 112652 0425 Fax: +91 11 26602276 FINAL REPORT e-mail: [email protected] August 2006 Web: www.dhi.dk Client Client's representative Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd. Mr S. K. Sharma, SM (Quality Control/ER&R) Project Project No Managed River Flow Study P3050220 (A) Authors Date Vimal Garg Aug 2006 Sonia Gujral Approved by Nidhi Sharma Poorva Gupta Ajay Pradhan SGU/NSA VGA AJP AUG-06 Final Report Revi Description By Check Appro Date sion ed ved Key words Classification Hydroelectric Project D Open Landuse River Profile I Intemal Aquatic Ecology Socio-Economy 2| Proprietary Cumulative impacts Distribution No of copies By: DHI, India I . I 0 I I Ii i I I . i i i CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 The Rampur Hydro Electric Project in Himachal Pradesh 1-2 1.2 Description of Project Area 1-3 1.3 General Description on entire Satluj River Basin 1-3 1.4 Hydro Power Potential of Satluj River Basin 1-6 1.5 Power Demand Scenario 1-9 1.6 Integration of the Project with other initiatives in the region 1-9 1.7 Objectives of the study 1-13 1.8 Scope and Methodology adopted for the Study 1-13 1.9 Constitutional, Policy and Regulatory Provisions 1-18 1.10 Structure of the Report 1-28 1.11 Status of the Rampur Hydroelectric Project 1-28 2 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 2-1 2.1 Catchment Characteristics and Drainage Pattern 2-2 2.2 Flow Profile of River Satluj 2-4 2.3 Geology and Soils 2-20 2.4 Climate and Rainfall 2-21 2.5 Aquatic Ecology 2-24 2.6 Water Source, Use and Quality 2-37 2.6.1 Water Source and Water Use 2-37 2.6.2 Waste Water Disposal 2-38 2.6.3 Water Quality 2-39 2.6.4 Disease Profile of the Area 2-44 2.7 Land Use Pattern 2-45 2.8 Socio-Economic Profile 2-47 2.8.1 Demography of the Area 2-49. 2.8.2 Livelihoods of the Area 2-50 3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND RISKS 3-1 3.1 Scenario Description 3-1 3.2 Anticipated Impacts 3-2 3.3 Impact on Water Environment 3-3 3.4 Environmental Impacts 3-46 3.4.1 Land Environment 3-46 3.4.2 Quarrying Operation and Muck Disposal 3-47 3.5 Impacts on Human Health 3-47 3.6 Impacts on Downstream Hazards 3-49 4 RECOMMENDATIONS 4-1 5 ADAPTIVE CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT 5-1 5.1 SJVNL: Environmental Activities 5-2 5.2 Environmental Institutional Set-up 5-3 5.3 Training needs 5-6 5.4 Man Power requirement 5-7 .1 . I I jI II I i I i i I I i LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Hydropower Potential of India Table 1.2 Hydropower Potential in Various river basins of Himachal Pradesh Table 1.3 Hydropower potential of Satluj Basin in Himachal Pradesh Table 2.1: List of Villages & Sub-villages falling in Study area (Rampur Tehsil of Shimla District and Nirmand of Kullu District) Table 2-2: Historical Flow Data of River Satluj at various locations Min., Max. Average- Khab (d/s of Spiti Confluence), Nathpa, Rampur, Luhri, Kasol and Suni; Table 2.3-a: Measured Flow data for tributaries of River Satluj between Nathpa-Jhakri for the months of Oct 2005t - April, 2006 by lIT Roorkee Table 2.3-b: Measured Flow data for tributaries of River Satluj between Jhakri-Bael for the months of Feb-March, 2006 Table 2.4: Temperature Data at Rampur Station Table 2.5: Rainfall (in mm) data at Rampur Station Table 2.6: Floral Species in Satluj along Jhakri-Rampur-Bael river Stretch Table 2.7 Faunal Species in Satluj between Nathpa-Jhakri River Stretch Table 2.8 Faunal Species in Satluj along Jhakri-Rampur-Bael stretch Table 2.9 Historical Data Fish Species found in upper reaches of Satluj River Table 2.10 Production of trout seed at Sangla farm and their transplanting in Satluj river system Table 2.11 Angling pressure, licensing fee and amount of revenue earned at Sangla Table 2.12 Details on Water requirements and treatment Table 2.13: Primary Water Quality Criteria as laid by Central Pollution Control Board Table 2.14: Water Quality Data of River Satluj, monitored during study period Table 2-15 Leading Causes of premature mortality (YLL) in male and Female of Himachal Pradesh Table 2.17: Disease Profile of the Study area, Year 2005 Table 2.18: Landuse type in study area Table 2.19: Key Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Study area Table 2.20a: Population Composition in the Study Area in terms of SC-ST Table 2.20b: Population Sex Ratio in the Study Area Table 2.20c: Population Estimates for directly affected areas Table 2.21: Cultivable and Cultivated land (in hectares) in study area Table 2.22: Irrigated Land (in hectares) in Study Area Table 2.23: Cattle Population in the Study Area Table 3.1: Villages and respective population adversely effected due to Nathpa- Jhakri Project in terms of water Supply Table 3.2a: Estimated Sewage Load of villages at right bank of River Satluj Table 3.2 b: Estimated Sewage Load of villages at left bank of river Satluj Table 3.3 a Estimated Sewage Load of villages at right bank of River Satluj for the Year 2011 Table 3.3 b Estimated Sewage Load of villages at left bank of River Satluj for the Year 2011 Table 3.4: Estimated Sewage Load of Rampur Town using Linear Population Growth LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.la i. Geographical Location of Himachal Pradesh in India; and ii. Satluj Basin in Himachal Pradesh, India Figure 1.2 Various Hydro Power projects in the study stretch along Satluj River Figure 1.3: Flow Diversion through Tunnel in Satluj Figure 2.1 A Satellite view of Satluj Basin in Himachal Pradesh indicating the study area. Figure 2.2: Various Streams joining the Satluj river in the study stretch Figure 2.3: Flow Profile of River Satluj in Himachal Pradesh Figure 2.4: Landuse Classification in the Catchment and respective percentages Figure 2.5: Landuse Map of the Catchment area Figure 3.1 Flow Diversion through tunnel (Nathpa-Jhakri-Bael stretch) Figure 3.2: 63 kms of river stretch and main tributaries Figure 3.3: Cross-sections of River Satluj at various chainages (distance in mts from Nathpa dam site) Figure 3.4 Boundary Conditions used for establishing the Numerical Model for river Satluj Figure 3.5-a Flow Velocity Profiles along the stretch for various discharge scenarios. Figure 3.5-b Flow Velocity Profiles along the stretch for a scenario where there is no discharge from the dam. Figure 3.5-c Flow Velocity Profiles along the stretch in the case of flood LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure 1: Format for Village Level Questionnaire Survey Annexure 2: Village Level Primary Information on Demography and Socio-Economic Profile of the Area Annexure 3: Market survey questionnaires for fish availability in the region I I I I i i i zi i Ii, I i I I CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION Managed River flow DH I Water& Environment f 1 INTRODUCTION India, on account of the great river systems and favourable geographical features, has a vast potential for hydropower estimated over 84000 MW at 60 percent load factor with an anticipated generation of 600 billion units per year. The various hydroelectric schemes presently under operation utilise only about 14-15 % of the total potential. Efforts are on to increase the present installed capacity. For the purpose of hydroelectric development, the river basins could be divided into six major groups namely Indus, Brahinaputra, Ganga, Central Indian Rivers, West Flowing Rivers and East Flowing Rivers. There is a broad consensus in the Government of India to expand power generation by developing the country's hydropower potential of which, very less has been harnessed so far. While State and Central Government agencies are largely concentrating on mega-hydel projects, the private sector is being roped in to execute the mini- and micro-hydel segment projects. Funding for these projects has come in from the World Bank, private banks like ICICI, nationalized banks like Central Bank of India, various State Banks, and institutions like IFCI and PFC. As per the estimates of CEA, region wise hydro power potential of India has been given below: Table 1-1 Hydropower Potential of India Principal Features of Hydro Project Potential Feasible Potential in Pumped Small Hydro Region at Installed billion kWh per Storage (up to 25 60%Load Capacity in year Feasible MW) Factor MW Installed Potential in Capacity MW . ____ _ .in MW Northern 30155 53405 225 13065 5210 Western 5679 8928 31.4 39684 2100 Southern 10768 16446 61.8 17750 2230 Eastern 5590 10965 42.5 9125 1660 North- 31857 58956 239.3 16900 3330 Eastern Total 84044 148700 600 95524 14530 Source: Estimates of Central Electricity Authority (CEA) Note on potential: Estimates of Small Hydro potential vary. According to one estimate, it could exceed 10,000 MWT Grid quality power potentialfrom wind, small hydro and biomass is estimated to be about 50, 000 MW.