PEKI 37 September 15, 1978

lI China Solves lts Clothirg 4 Problem Koreo's 30th Notionol Doy A Celebroted Pseudo-Leftism and Reality -{L - Criticizing the "gong of four" PEKING Vol.21, No. 37 September 15, 1978

REVIEW Publtshed in English, French, Spanish, Japanese, German, Arabic and tL 4. [q,{L Portuguese editions BEIJING ZHOUBAO

CONTENTS

THE WEEI( Second Anniversory if Choi.ron Moo's Possing Koreo'i Notionol Doy Celebroted Chorirmon Huo Meets Kompucheon Comrodes

ARTICTES AND DOCUMENTS Solving Clothing Problem-Chung Fong Pseudo-Leftism ond ReolitY: "Behove ot the Docks os Mosters, Not os Sloves to Corgo Tonnoge" 11 Con on Enterprise Be Run Without Rules ond Regulotions? 12 "Good Service ls Apt to Foster Revisionism" 13 Fruit of Scientific Resesrch: "Divine lnsect"-Age-Old Pest Under control 14 Koreo's Achievements in Construction 15 Honoi Tolks: Viet Nom Should Abide by the 1955 Agreement 17 Journey to Five Europeon countries-our stoff correspondent Keng Yu-hsing 20 Explonotory Notes Io Volume V of "Selected Works of Moo Tsetung" (t7) 23

CUTTURE AND SCIENCE 25 Moo Tsetung Portroyed on Stoge More lnstitutions of Higher Leorning ON IHE HOME FNONI 27 Mochinist Teom ond Driver Honoured Tientsin Exponds Foreign Trode Another Super-Deep Well Serve the People

FRIENDSHIP NOTES 29 Desert Highwoy ,in Somolio Peking lnvitotionol Bosketboll Tournoment Symphonie Sotellite TV Meeting

ROUND THE WORLD 31 Buenos Aires: Conference on Technicol Co-operotion

Published every Fridoy by PEKING REVIE\/i/' Peking (37), Chino Post Office Registrotion No. 2-9n Prlnt€d in tho People*s Republlc of Chlno \\\N\r\\.\xrr\r\\l TFl E WEEK

$econd AnniYersary of new contributions in combating modern, lrcwerful socialist coun- and preventihg revisionism, try by the end of this century. Ghairman lllao's Passing continue the revolution and live On September g, September I this year was the up to Chairman Mao's expecta- the modern play second anniversary of the death tions of the veteran cadres. Li Yang Kai-hui, in which the artistic image of our great leader and teacher Teh-sheng pointed out in his of Chairman Mao is portrayed, was Chairman Mao. articl€ that the idea of demo- transmitted to all parts of the country by the T[rat day, newspapers in Pe- cratic centralism penetratingly Central TV Station and was king and'other cities throughout expounded by Chairman Mao is wa,rmly received by the.masses. published three the fundamental principle guid- the country The play records the revolution- poems by Chdirman Mao. They ing Party building, army build- ary activities of Chairman Mao were: Poem to the tune of IIo ing and national construction- and his wife, Yang Kai-hui, in Hsin LaW,- written 1923; Leading comrades at all levels in the years 1920-30. Yang Kai-hui Mouming Comrad,e .Lo JurW- should firmly bear in mind died a martyr in 1930. hr,tan*, alu shih, written in 1963; Chairman Mao's teachings, go and. Read.ing History -to the deep into reality, maintain close tune of Ho Hsin Lohg, written ties with the masses and fiorea's tational Day in 1964. thoroughly do away with bu- Gelebrated reaucratism, In commemoration of the oc- commandism and Last week Peking warmly formalism. casion, newspapers published celebrated the 30th annivensary the article "Chairman Mao \rfill The nation eherishes the of the founding of the Demo- Live For Ever in Our Hearts" memory of Chairman Mao. cratic People's Republic of by Hsu Shih-yu, Member of the Korea, China's fraternal neigh- Political Bureau of the Central At the inauguration of the bour. Committee of the Communist Chairman Mao' Memorial Hall After waging armed struggles Party of China and Commander held on September 9 last year, for 15 years, the Korean people, of the P.L.A. Kwangchow Units, Chairman Hua said: "All the under the leadership Com- and Deep victories of the Chinese revolu- of the article "Going rade Into Reality and Maintaining tion should be attributed to Kim Il Sung and the Workers' Party of Korea, Close Ties With the Masses" by Chairman Mao's theoretical and over- threw the 36-year-long colonial Li Teh-sheng, Member of the practical. activit). Like a great Political Bureau of the 'C.P.C. beacon, Mao Tsetung Thought rule of Japanese imperialism and won liberation on August Central Committee and Com- has shone with resplendence, 15, 1945. The Supreme People's mander of the P.L.A. Shenyang piercing through the darkness; Assembly democratically elected Units. Hsu Shih-yu in his it has illuminated and will for by the Korean people proclaim- article recalled the solicitude ever illuminate the long and ed on September 1948 the and education he had received militant course of the Chinese 9, founding of the Democratic Peo- from Chairman Mao and ex- revolution." Since the inaugura- ple's Republic of Korea. The pressed the determination to tion, more than 2 million people date has-since become the Na- work hard in his old age, make from various parts of the eoun- try have come to the memorial tional Day of the Republic. *Lo Jung-huan (1902-63), an out- hall to pay their respects to the standing leader of our Party and remains of Chairman Mao. To Message From Chairman Hua army, was Member of the Polit- profound And Chairman Yeh ical Bureau of the C.P.C. Central show their feelings for Committee, Vice-Chairman of the Chairmdn Mao, the people are Chairman Hua Kuo-feng and Standing Committee of the Na- devoting their efforts to the Yeh Chien-ying, Chairman of tional People's Congress and Di- realization of Chairman Mao's the Standing Committee the rector of the General Political of Department of the Chinese Peo- behest, that is, the great cause National People's Congress of ple's Liberation Army. of transforming China into a China, sent on September ? a

September 75, 1978 3 Vice-Chairman Teng Hsiao-plng calls on Presiilent Klm II Sung. message to President Kim Il the war ruins, they have rebuilt Seven-Year Plan. The presence Sung and Premier Li Jong Ok, their happy homeland, working of a powerful socialist Korea in expressing their warmest con- hard and sparing no labour and the East is not only of great gratulations. The message reads sweat. Carrying forward the significance for the maintenance in part: revolutionary spirit of self- of peace in Asia and the world reliance and arduous struggle but also a great source of in- years passed "Thirty have and holding high the red banner spiration to the revolutionary since the heroic Korean people, of the three great revolutions people of the world in the under the wise leadership of ideological, technical and cul-- struggle for national liberation their great leader President Kim tural - the Korean people have, and against su.perpower aggres- II Sung and the Workers' Party under the guidance of President sion and interference. of Korea, founded the Demo- Kim Il Sung's.revolutionary line Workers'Party of Korea cratic People's Republic of of independence, self-support "The people's political and the Government of the Korea, the first and self-reliant defence, vig- power in Korea's history with Democratic People's Republic of orously unfolded a Chollirna the people as the masters of Korea have upheld proletarian movement and developed the their own country. In these 30 internationalisrq actively suP- of years, the Korean people have Democratie People's Republic ported the revolutionary strug- traversed a brilliant course, per- Korea into a socialist countrY gles of the people of all coun- forming many heroic and inspir- with a solid and self-sustaining tries and resoiutely opposed ing deeds. They have stood the national economic base, a imperialism, colonialism and test of war in resisting the powerful nationwide defence neocolonialism and domination, armed aggression of the U.S. system and a splendid national thus playing an ever more im- imperialists and delended their culture. Today, the Korean Peo= portant role in international revolutionary political power ple are striving to achieve the affairs and making a major con- with their blood and lives. On grand goal of their Second tribution to the revolutionarY

4 Peking Retsi,eus, No. 37 cause of the people of the world. attended by Vice-Chairmen Li On September 11, Vice-Chair- The Democratic People's Re- Ilsien-nien and Wang Tung- man Teng visited Hamhung, an public of Korea is enjoying an hsing of the Centrql'Committee industrial city on the eastern ever higher international pres- of the Chinese Communist coast of Korea. In his speech at tige. The Korean people have Party. a meeting of tens of thousands friends all over the world. of welcomers, he highly apprais- A Korean film week was ed the achievements won by the "Over these 30 years, the organiz-ed by the Chinese 'Workers' Korean people under the leader- Party of Korea and Ministry of Culture. During the ship beloved great the Korean Government have week which started on Septem- of their leader President Kim I1 Sung made continued efforts for the ber 7, four Korean films were and praised the President for realization of the independent shown in Peking and 15 other consistently following the Marx- and peaceful reunification of Chinese cities. ist-Leninist line, integrating the the fatherland. The three prin- universal truth of Marxism- ciples and five-point programme Vice.Chairrnan Teng in Leninism with the concrete put forward by President Kim Korea practice of Korea and unswerv- Il Sung have pointed out the The Chinese Party and Gov- ingly leading the Korean peo- clear orientation for this reuni- ernment Delegation with Vice- ple in their struggle for reuni- fication. The Chinese Commu- Chairman Teng Hsiao-ping of fication, independence and pros- nist Party, Government and the C.P.C. Central Committee as perity of their fatherland. people resolutely support the its leader and Peng Chung, just struggle of the Korean peo- Vice-Chairman Teng Hsiao- Member of the Political Bureau ple in this regard. The 'U.N. ping and President Kim II Sung of the C.P.C. Central Committee, command' must be disbanded, Pyongyang on as its deputy leader arrived in held talks in and the United States must September L2, at which they Pyongyang on September 8 to withdraw from south Korea ail exchanged views wide take part in the National Day on a its aggressor troops, arms and range problems concerning celebrations. of equipment. The Korean ques- the current international situa- tion must be settled by the On .september 8, Vice- tion and problems of common Korean people themselves free Chairman Teng called on Pres- interest, and their views were from any external interference. ident Kim Il Sung who gave a most harmonious. The .talks The Chinese people firmly be- luncheon in honour of the Vice- proceeded in a sincere, cordial lieve that the national aspiration Chairmair. They had a very and friendly atmosphere. of all- the Korean people for cordial talk. reunification will become a September grand Chairman llua tleets reality; On 9, a celebration was held in Pyong- f,ampuchean Comrades "The , great Sino-Korean yang. President Kim Il Sung friendship has stood historical made an important report. That Chairman Hua Kuo-feng on September 6 met with the DeIe- tests and is full of vitality. The evening, President Kim gave a gation the People's Congress seed of friendship sown by the grand National Day banquet. of Kampuchea Nuon Party and state leaders of the Vice-Chairman Teng and Com- of led by Chea, Deputy Secretary of the two countries has struck deep rade Peng Chung attended both Central Committee of the Com- root in the hearts of our two the celebration and the banquet. Kampuchea peoples. Holding high the great munist Party of On September 10, some one and Chairman of the Congress' banrler of Chairman Mao, the 'people million of Pyongyang Chair. Chinese people will cherish this Permanent Comrnittee. held a parade which was re- man Kampu- friendship from generation to Hua said to the generation." viewed by President Kim Il chean comrades: Relations be- Sung. Vice-Chairman Teng was tween the Parties and countries On Septeniber 8, Korean Am- on the rostrum. fhe Chinese of China and Kampuchea are bassador to China Jon Myong delegation also attended a mass very good. We will unite more Su gave a reception in Peking garden party and a firework closely, learn from and support to mark the occasion. It was display. each other.

September 15, 1978 Yeh Chien-ying, Vice-Chair- nounced Viet Nam for trying to o Vice-Premier Teng Hsiao- man of the Central Committee undermine the friendship be- ping on September 6 met with of the Communist Party of tween Kampuchea and China a delegation of Japanesd news China and Chairman of the and for ruthlessly persecuting commentators and answered Standing Committee of the Chinese residents. 'Viet their questiorr on the current l{"*, international situation, eco- National .People's Congress, on he added, also schemes to split nomic, tebhriical and trade ex- September 4 had a cordial meet- Central Committee of the the changes between China and ing with Chairman Nuon Chea Karnpuchean Communist Party Japan, and prospects for the and his party. and hoodwink the governments development of their friendly of Southeast Asian countries. In his speech at the banquet relations after the conclusion of Its aim is to carry out the Peace and given on September 3 by the the Sino-Japanese expansionist policy of a big Friendship Treaty. N.P.C. Standing Committee to expansionist nation in the welcome the Kampuchean com- Southeast Asian region. But o Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien rades, Vice-Chairman of the gave these schemes, Chairman Nuon on September 6 a banquet N.P.C. Standing Committee Chea pointed out, have met in honour of His Highness U1anfu praised the Kampuchean Prince Reza Pahlavi, with failure too. The South- Abdul people for their victory in the brother'of Shahanshah of Iran, east Asian countries and revolutionary war of national and his entourage. their people have come to see Iiberation and for their new achievements thereafter in more and more clearly that o Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien Viet Nam is only a cheap tool defending national indepen- on September 7 met with Agha expansionist dence, sovereignty and territo- of that big Shahi, Adviser for Foreign nation. ridl integrity, consolidating the Affairs of Pakistan. During the r-evolutionary regime, rehabili- Chairman Nuon Chea and meeting, Vice-Premier Li had a tating and developing the na- his party arrived in Peking on friendly talk with him on the tional economy and, in partic- September 2 and ended their further development of the ular, for their heroic resistance visit to China on September 7. friendly relations between the against armed invasions by Viet two countries and on issues of Nam since the beginning of this common interast. year and their smashing of the IN THE NEWS enemy's subversive schemes. . Chi Peng-fei, Vice-Chair- o Chairman Hua on Septem- He said: China firmly supports man of the Standing Committee ber 9 met with General S. Poto- the Kampuchean people in of the National People's Con- car, Member of the Central gress, met with Subramaniam developing and strengthening Committee of th'e League of Party M.P. of relations Swamy, Janata their friendly with Communists of Yugoslavia and India, and Mrs. Swamy. They other third world countries, Chief of the General Staff of had a cordial and friendlY talk non-aligned countries and the Yugoslav People's Army, on the development of friendlY Southeast Asian countries and and the Yugoslav People's Army relations between China and their just struggle against ag- Delegation led by him. Chair- India. gression and in defence of man Hua said to General Poto- their national independence, car that relations between the o The Chinese MilitarY sovereignty and territorial in- Parties, countries and armies of Friendship Delegation led bY tegrity. China and Yugoslavia were Vice-Minister of National De- developing extremely well. fence Su Yu paid a friendshiP Chairman Nuon Chea in his visit to the.Democratic PeoPle's speech warmly congratulated o Chairman Hua on Sep- R.epublic of Korea from August China on its achievements in tember 10 met and had a cordial 18 to September 1. The delega- various fields after the downlall talk with Professor Chao Chung tion was received by President of the "gang of four." He de- Ting. Kim II Sung.

6 Peking Retsiew, No. 37 Solving Clothing Problem

by Chung Fang

A FTER 28 years' efforts since the founding The development of the textile industry, in / r of the People's Republic in 1949, China has general, outstripped the rate of the nation's basically solved the problem of clothing its 800 population growth. Therefore, it has been able million people. Now the textile industry is to meet the basic needs of clothing 800 million speeding up its tempo of development. people though the standard is still low. The miserable rags and tatters in which many were The Present Situotion dressed have long been done away with.

China's textile industry has now beeome Since the 1970s, China has lieen among the an industrial system which has achieved self- world's several top countries in the production sufficiency in raw materials and equipment, of cotton yarn and iotton cloth. With China's includes all departments and is dispersed enormous population, the amount of cloth for geographically according to a rational plan. each individual is still very limited.

The textile industry in old China, relatively China has adopted rationing of cotton cloth speaking, was regarded as a branch of industry as a method of ensuring the basic needs of with a firm base. In the 50 years since the everyone, except woollen cloth, knitting wool, first cotton mill was built in the 1890s, the in- silk fabrics, Iinen and some other materials dustry had expanded to ohly 5 million spindles. which are always available on the urban and What is more, nearly half of the mills u/ere con- rural markets. Proceeding from our present trolled by foreign capital. standard of "adequate clothing," great efforts must be made to reach the level of "ample Strenuous efforts have been'made by the clothing." state since the nationwide liberation in 1949 to solve the pressing problem of clothing for the Formerly, China's textile industries were people. Emphasis-has been put on developing concentrated in a few coastal cities, such as cotton textiles. The newly added spindles in Shanghai, Tientsin and Tsingtao. Shanghai the ten years of the 1950s surpassed the total alone had 47 per cent of the nation's cotton for over 50 years in old China. The production textile equipment and 75 per cent of its woollen capacity of China's cotton textile industry has textile equipment. Since nationwide liberation, been tripled as compared with early post-libera- a large number of modern textile factories have tion years. The woollen, flax and silk textile been constructed by the state in those interior industries have also expanded at a quick tempo. areas where cotton and wool are abundant. New In the last two decades or more, the production emerging industrial bases of textile indu^stry capacity of woollen textiles has seen a more are gradually taking shape in Peking, Shihchia- than threefold increase, flax fivefold and silk chuang, Hantan, Chengchow, Sian, Lanchow, sixfold. Because of high operation capacity and Urumchi and other cities. Now every province constant technical improvement, the output has and autonomous region in China has its own increased rapidly. As compared with 1949, riut- modern textile plants. This is so even in Tibet put of cotton yarn in 1977 had risen sevenfold, - the "Rooi of the Worldn' - where a new cotton cloth fivefold, silk l5-fold and woollen plant producing fine woollen textiles has been fabrics l4-fold, while new chemical fibre prod- built. In the Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous ucts were being put out. Region, a remote area on China's noithwest

September 75, 7978 border, textile mills of considerable size have o Textile goods of rich variety, fine quality been established north and south of the Tienshan and low price should be greatly expanded so Mountains. The region is now self-sufficient in that per capita consumption of textile products cotton cloth and woollen textiles. will grow by a fairly big margin. Meanwhile, China has built a relatively On the basis of this, another.l5 years of comprehensive industry for making textile hard work are needed so that the textile in- machinery. Complete sets of equipment are dustry will be fully mbdernized by the end of now being produced in large numbers for fac- this century and will equal or surpass advanced tories producing cotton, woollen, siik fabrics and world levels linen, for knitting, printing and dyeing works and for chemical fibre reeling. More Row Moteriols In the last two decades, China's textiles To speed up expansion of the textile indus- have gradually come out on the international try, we should increase the supply of raw market, with exports to over 100 countries and materials. Just as Chairman Hua pointed out, regions. All-c6tton textiles and pule woollen we should "strive to increase the farm raw fabrics are widely known for their good quality. materials and vigorously develop chemical Raw silk and pure silk fabrics, in particular, are fabrics." favourites in many countries. China has favourable natural conditions for exploiting sources of cotton, wool, linen and Prospects silkworm cocoon raw materials on a large scale. But old China, foreign countries held the In line with the general plan for developing in sources of raw materials in their grip. Accord- the national economy, China's textile industry ing to the 1949. production level, raw cotton has drawn up 8-year and 23-year plans which output only met the needs of producing some 2 contain the following points: million bales of cotton yarn. But now even o Making concerted efforts to increase the output of cotton yarn has increased several chemical fibre production and enlarge the prd- fo1d, rav/ cotton in the main relies on portion of chemical fibre in the production of dom-bstic production. In the past, 80 per cent raw materials for the textile industry. of the wool used was imported from abroad, while now the same amount of wool is supplied o Greatly increasing the output of cotton, domestically. A similar case is that of the jute woollen and flax textiles and restoring silk textile industry. The output of silkworm textile production to its former position. cocoons has gone up over fivefold in the last two decades or more. The textile industry is a o A big increase in exports of textiles. processing industry. Therefore, its develop-

Computer technolog5r fv Shanghal textile mltl, :nl sontrol in a coiton Peking Retsieat, No. 37 ment is guaranteed if its raw ma- terials mainly come from home sources.

Cotton, wool, ramee, flax, jute, silkworm cocoons and other prod- ucts of agriculture and animal husbandry now account for 90 per cent of the raw materials used in China's textile industry. While energetically increasing'agricultural raw materials, we must vigorously develop chemical fibre. OnIy in this way can we really solve the problem of textile raw materials for a coun- try like China with a big popula- tion and limited cultivated area. Workers of a silk.weaving plant in north We should concentrate our efforts China's Shihchiachuang swap exlrerience. to increase the output of chemical fabrics in the years to come. Our coun- of cotton yarn rose Z. -fold, labour productivity try's rich oil reserves provide favourable 3.5-fold and total output value of the textile conditions for this. In recent years we have industry sixfold. The total number of workers introduced advanced technology from abroad and staff in Shanghai's textile industry accounts and are constructing several large chemical for 14 per.. cent of the nation's total in this fibre enterprises. Among them, the Shanghai branch, but the output value amounts to 24 Chinshan General Petrochemical Works has per cent. Thc profits and taxes it hands over been completed and put into commission. The make up 31 per cent of the state revenues in Liaoyang General Petrochemical Works in this branch. There are over a dozen provinces northeast China, the Szechuan Vinylon Plant in in China that have several hundred thousand southwest China and the Tientsin Chemical spindles. If they tap potentiald and raise labour Fibre Plant are all under construction. At the productivity, they surely can quicken their same time, preparations are under way to build tempo of development without adding new a numbgr of petrochemical fibre plants with equipment. more sophisticated equipment. In the next eight Changchow, a medium-sized city in Kiangsu years, the scope of construction in the chemical Province, also has valuable experiences in this fibre industry will far exceed the total amount r€speet. By making fuller use of existing equip- set in the last years. 1SAS, up 28 By chemical ment, the eity's textile industry has made con- fibre amourit per witl to around 40 cent of the tinual progress by relying on its own efforts aird textile industry's raw materials. tapping potentials. Although no new cotton tex- tile plahts hav-e been built, the number of spin- Tcp Potentiols dles has increased from 70,000 in the early post- While building new plants, the main stress liberatibn yearE to 180,000 at present. The will be on tapping the potentials of existing annual output of'cotton yarn has gone up from equifment through technical innovations and 28,000 to 190,000 bales. At the same timi-', transformation, and adopting new techniques. through the transfoimation of existing equip. This will achieve better results with less ment, produetion efficiency also rose markedly. investment. Coit\pared with the early post-Iiberation years, The development of Shanghai's textiie in- one spindle now does the work of two and a dustry is a case in point. This old base of the half spindles. textile industry has constantly tapped its poten- Through construction after liberation, a tials. Although the number of spindles was considerable base has been laid for China's reduced by one-fifth in the last 28 years, output textile industry, materially and technically. By

Septernber 75, 1978 ,j,.r. f".,

vigorously developing technical innovation and record of 400,000 metres achieved by Mao llsin- rtrengthening scientilic rsgearch, many fectories hslen, also a well-known weaver. .A,t the iame will be able to raise labour productivity time, 22-year-old safln weaver Huang I-yen set markedly in a short tirre. a new record of 25 months running for weaving flawless material.

: Fcttcr Quolitf Chiafeng Cotton Mill in Shanghai has all ,along paid attention quality. Most',of Chiae's textilso wear and. wash strict to Its cotton 'cloth is widely recognized and highly .. well. But prohletns ln cottqn cloth ntill,exist; appraised both at'home and abroad. ,Everyone such as t[e high rate of shrinkagg, deformation in ihe mill pergists of textiles and fading of colours. The technhue in making strict demands in doing a first-rate job, in printlng, dyeing and the finishing processes which is known as the "Chiafeng throughout leaves much to be deslred as compared wilh ,style" the textile industry. Its ex- periences popularized I so5ne foreign countries; while patterns and are being acrosri the coun- try. designs are too plairi and unattractive. These ptoblems urgently need to be solved. Dbpart- To improve quality and increase variety, merts of the textile industry now stress prrtting the Ministry . of Textile Industry recehtly in- more yarn, out topquality cotton cotton cloth, structed factories to iestore the prodriction of - fabrics, silk material products woollen and other certain traditional products familiar to the as well a6 more chemical and silk fibre of better masses; to put out more popular brands which quality. New t€chnology is being adopted for putting both private and industrial consumers have con- out sanforized and wrlnhle-proof fidence in; in the wake of vigorous development material. of chemical fibres, to increase the production Recen-tly, many factories have )aunched a of mi:ied chemical fibres; to speedily liquidate movement for $ocialist labour emulation with the pernicious influence oJ the cultural autocracy the. "10,000 metres of cloth rfithout a single exercised by the "gang if four" in the field oi defect" and "100,000 metres of cloth without a textile designing; and to expand creative work single colour staining" as its main objectives. and do away with plain dull designs. .It has yielded Sratifying results in raising quali- ty. For instance,,Feng Chin-ying, 4 26-year-o1d It can be said that quicker and better weaver, has set an excellent record by weaving results will be achieved in solving the clothing 500,000 metres of flawless cloth, breaking the problem of the Chinese people.

gllk from Eanrchor for the markct

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10 Peking Reolew, No. 3? Pseudo-Leftism ond Reolity

The Chinese people are oontinuing their up such a slogan, still ,less written a big- qiticisrn of the "gang of fortr,t' uith the focal character poster about it. But when the gang's . point mou) on its pseud.o-Left dernagogg. The followers in Shanghai heard about the dockers' gong took orser retsolutionary slogans ond with overfulfilling the 1973 plan, they immediately feigneil reoolutionary zeal , swung them to an sent people down to hold a meeting with the ultra-"Left" e&trente. This was highlA decep- dockers. The people then in power who actually tiae. ln so d,oing, the gang sueceeileil in lead.- raised the slogan at the meeting charged.the ing quite a number of peoyfle astray. What leadership of District No. 5 with the mistake of theg hail in rninil uas, o! course, to stir up "putting tonnage in command." After the meet- trouble anil carry on sabotage. Anil their oc- ing, they egged some workers on to write a big- tions did,, in fact, produce harmful eJJects on character poster based on this viewpoint. The osari,ous aspects of lite. draft of the poster was secretly sent to Yao Wen- yuan (visiting Shanghai Nerospapers throughout the country haae at the time) for approval. lntely camied. nurnerous articles criti.cizing this aspect of the gsq'$ actiuities. The lotlowing At first glance, . the slogan seemed eye- articles, selecteil frorn Shanghai dailies, d,escri.be catching enough. some of the things thot happened in diJJerent In old China, the means of production, in- of usork whi.ch demonstrate that the fielits "gang cluding factories and docks, were owned by the of .reallg a bunch of dyeil-in-the- four'i,were capitalists while the workers owned nothing but wool uitra-Rightists. For a theoretical analysis their labour power, which they sold as a com- this xtbject, see articles publi,shed our ol in modity. Thus, the greater the amount of work issues No. 6 anit No.' 15 this Ed.. Aear. - done by them, the greater was the profit made by the capitalists and the more heavily the workers were exploited. In those bygone days, "Behare at tho Docks as ilasters, there really had been reason for the dockers not to be .slaves to cargo tonnage but 'to fight to ilol as Slaues to hrgo lonnage " become masters of the docks. Now under socialism things are entirely - How this slogon hqrmed work different. In China today, the working class ot the Shonghoi Horbour who has' become master of the country and f N early l9?4, two Shanghai dailies published therefore master of its enterprises is no longer I an artide under the title mentioned above. subjected to exploitation. Our workers know It was said to have appeared first as a big- that our country wiltr become prosperor:s and character poster written by a number of workers powerful and our people live better. and better at the No. 5 Loading and Unloading District of only when everyone in the country does his job the Shanghai Harbour. well and carries out his production tasks with vim and vigour. When a docker starts out with Until then all was well at District No. b, a bang to handle as much cargo as he ean, that where the dockers had fulfilled the 19?B plan is, when he attaches importance to the fulfil- for loading and unloading 82 days ahead of ment of a state plan, he is showing his sense of schedule. Up until then no one had ever thought responsibility as a master of the country and

September 75, 1978 11 was made known throughout the country. Many similar slogans came forth in its wake before long, such as "Don't be a slave to manufactured goods,'l "Don't be a slave to square metres (floor space in the building induqtry)," or "Don't'be a slave to work-points (in the rural communes)," ete. The gang's followers using these slogans to sabotage production in the various trades ever;rwhere inflicted serious losses on the na- tional economy. Meanwhile, at the Shanghai Harbour, eadres who handled the work of loading and unloading in a no-nonsense manner were labelled "petty despots," and bloodsuckers"; hard-work of the enterprise he works in. a worker to "petty "For ing dockers were sneeringly" nicknamed "old become his, own master and to do all he can to slaves" or lambs." The authority of those promote production are not contradictory in the "little in charge collapsed. There weie no fixed quotas least, but two sides of the same coin. for riuork, and no one cared how much work, if Under that erroneous slogan, however, to any, got done: For some time since early 1974, be a master of the country and a worker helping the tonnage of cargo handled by District No. 5 to promote production. were considered incon- dropped by 10 per cent and the cost of loading sistent. This implies that when one becomes a and unloading went up by 18 per cent. This master of the country, he doesn't need to worry was covcred up by lies in the mass media con- about the amount of cargo handled or to fulfil trolled by the gang which claimed that "thanks production plans; that when a docker works to the criticism against 'putting tonnage in hard, he cannot be a master of the docks but command,'' the situation in both revolution and a slave to tonnage! production at this district has been excellent" ! By all rights, it should be a good thing to fulfil plans ahead of schedule, but why did the Gan rn Enterpri'se Be Run "gang of four" and their followers say that the leadership of District No. 5 of the Shanghai Uithouf lules ahd .legulations ? Harbour was in the wrong? At that time, we know, the movement to criticize Lin Piao and As workers of Hsinhuo Printing Confucius had just begun and the gang were - House see it ' anxious to make use of this opportunity to Great Revolution, throw the whole country into chaos so that they D)RIOR to the Cultural I under the influence of Liu Shao-chl's revi- could seize power in the midst of , the turmoil. sionlst line, some of the rules and regulations in They raised this pseudo-Leftist slogan for the number factories enterprises were purpose of confusirlig right and. wrong, and Dis- a of and and regulations trict No. 5 was only one of their victims. either based on eapitalist rules of the old society or revisionist ones of the '. . From the very beginning the Party com- Soviet Union. These rules and regulations damp- mittee of District No. 5 and many of the wr,lrk- ened the workers' initiative and creativeness. ers disagreed with the viewpoint presented in According to Chairman Mao's instructions, one the poster and were not convinced by the "in- of the tasks of the Cultural Revolution was "the stances" cited in it. But the followers of the reform of irrational rules and regulations." gang would not let them speak up, saying: Taking over this slogan, Lin Piao and the "gang "This big-character poster was not put qp fbr of four," however, incited anarchism and in- the purpose of solving the problem of District discriminately dismissed all rational rules and No. 5; it is of nationwide significance." True regulations as well -- dubbing them a means of enough, very soon it appeared in Renmin Ribao "controlling, curbing and suppressing'l the (then under the gang's control) and the slogan working class. Great confusion ensued

12 Peking Reuieqp, No. 37 In the light of the situation, Premier Chou people at the iqstigation of the gang spread'the in his political report to the Tenth Party Con- idea that '"good service is apt to foster revi- grass (19?3) said that "rational rules and regula- sionism.l' Their strange logic ran like this: tions must be improved." Both workers and Wiorkers and peasants lead a simple life and staff members in the country wafmly Supported love labour; they don't like others to wait on the idea and many enterprises started to tackle them. Good service is something from the old this problern. Chang Chun-chiao, however, with society; only strata and bourgeois something up his sleeve, suggesfe{ setting up the upper gentlemen makes a "enterprises without rules and regulations." erave lt; this is what it "hotbed of revisio:rism." Marx saidl "Al1 combined labour on a large scale requires, more or less, a directing author. At our restaurant custometrs picked up what ,ty, h order to secure the harmonious working they wanted thernselves at the refreshment of the individual activities." (Capitat, Chapter counter and the snack bar, but otherwise people XIII, Volume I, 1867.) Without a unified direct- ga't 'at the tables and were served. This was ing authority, without necessary rules and reg- changed under the influence of that slogan; all ulations, production modern enterprise in a eustoirrers had to take care of themselves, where hundreds, thousands or thousaRds tens of gueue up to buy of people work together paralysed. can be tickets, carry the food Moreover, the workers' personal safety cannot, t0 the table themseXves be ensured. Chang Chun-chiao aild his cohorto, wash the who were well aware of this fact, were going and even plates glasses.and out of their way to make trouble. and wipe the table. Be- This ultra-'1left" fallacy had a bad effect fore he could ,eat, a on the Ilsinhua Printing House. . No one was customer had to stand held regponsible for his job, no investigation in three lines, How was made when an accident occurred, there was inconvenient, and what no order of procedure in work, no labour dis- a waste oi time! The followers ot the gang, cipline, no cost accounting, and no quality however, euphemistically called this "service specifications for products. For irutance, in automation" and even proposed to "sum up and when personal 1972 the system of responsibility popularize" this "advanced experience" as a one's post was for established on the basis of "newborn thing," mass discussion, irrational consumptlon of paper in the course of production was reduced from Chinese cuisine is well known and each 661 reams in the previous year to 541 reams; locality fosters its own special culinary arts. when this system was abolished by the followers This restaurant used be very popular for a of the gang in 1973, the consumption increased to to 833 rearns in 1974, to 2,856 reams in 1975 and number of special dishes and other delicacies. 5,779 reams in 1976, a loss nearly 11 times that Later, all these goodies disappeared from the in 1972. menu and only a Iew simple dishes remained. The followers of the'gang, however, euphemis- tically called this "popularization" to meet the Seruiee lc lpt to Fostor needs of the working people. It soon became 'tood the talk of the town and the public was f,eulcionism" offended. The catering trades should give their Effects of this slogon ot the : just - Szechuon Restouront customers good service, as a factory should turn out more and better products. This is eom- HY was it attendants in some catering mon sense. After liberation, we did away with establishments were rude to the cus- tomers? One important reason was that some (Continued, on p. 19.)

September 15, 1978 73 Fruit of Scientific Reseorcfi " Dlvlne lnrect'r - Age,Old Pest Undcr Gontrol

A RMYWORM, a crop pest that can destroy an with the suggestion that the armyworm might f} ss1im.1ed 2.5 rnillion tons of grain a year be migratory. country, has long been brought in our at last To find evidence for this conjecture, scien- control, China's plant under effective now that tists and technicians placed bundles of straw in protection position give scientists are in a to the fields where aunyworms were about to forecasts and warnings of timely and accurate wind up their depredations. The bundles, strewn impending armyworm swarms. an attack of with substances armyworm moths like to eat, scientific This is one of the achievements in served to lure in swarms of them so that they research of an advanced standard. could be sprayed with staining agents for later The armyworrn is widespread in China. By identification. The presence of stained moths in its "suddert appearance" and rapaciousness it many localities was later reported. leaves deVastation in its wake, making it one. of The secrets of the life cycle of the "divine the country's"main crop pests. Many instances insect" were subsequently brought to light. of attacks by aimyworms can be found in Chi- There are altogether five areas for its genera- nese'hiqtorical reeords. For example, in 1?24 the tion in the eastern part of the country. Thef wholn iounty, of Chihsia in Shantung Province spend winter in the two generation areas south was stripped of its wheat crop when swarming of the 33rd parallel, either'in hibqrnation or arrnyworms passed through. devouring plants. Transforming into moths in March and April, they then fly to the three In old China, the armyworrn was known to other generation areas in the north, where th'ey the peasants as the "divine insect." They were devour and ruin crops before returning to the at a total loss before it and all they couid south again towards the end of September. do was build temples and offer sacrifices, beg- ging "the lord in heaven" to call off his "divine In tracing the whereabsuts of the army- insect." Relics of these temples can still be seen wornu and keeping tabs on their life habits, in some places in China today. many units in the country worked together iri co-ordination. In 1963 alone, altogether f.3 1956, 20 research institutes In more than in million of them were marked in seven provinces got the country together and set out to unravel during various periods of their activities. They the mystery of the "divine insect." were later retrieved by thousands of cadres at Scientists and technicians, after many labo- the grass-roots level and by commune members ratory tests, found that the larvae cannot live living in various parts of the country. 3O days zero degreg centigrade. longer than at When fishermen at the seaside in Shantung investigations in many parts of the country Their sent in a report that swarms of armyworm were armyworms not led to the discovery that do found drifting on the Pohai Sea, people from but areas south of the winter in north China, in some research institutes, with help of the parallel, .the 33rd north latitude. navigation department, went there three After perusing through reams of data on times catching them. Their investigations yield- hand, Li Kuang-po, member of the armyworm ed confirming evidence of their migration. control group, went down to the countryside to The Air Force of the People's Liberation Army find out for himself the life habits of this "divine also lent a hand by providing searchlights at insect." Later, he and his colleagues came up night to help departments concerned to firid out

14 Peking Reoiew, No. 37 the altitude at which the insects flew, and it make forecasts of the time for the occurrence was discovered that they habitually fly at a of the next generation of armlnvorms and their low altitude developrnent in the light of their speed of migra- tion, the amount eggs produced, changes in ' Once the law of their migration came to be of climate The known, monitoring stations were set up in key and other environmental factors. geographical loeations to report prqmptly the 40 forecasts made since 1964'all turned out to be time of occurrence of armyworms, their move- accurate. W-arned beforehand, the traditionally ments and efficacy of control measures. The affected areas are now in a position to take P1ant kotection Institute under the Chinese effective measures to wipe them out before they Academy of Agricultural Science would then can do much harrn- f,orea's lchieucmonts in Gonstruction

J N the past 30 years, the heroic Korean people, : In order to modernize all the economic r folowing the revolutionary line of in- iectors, energetic efforts have been made to dependence, self-support and self-reliant defence expand the machine-building industry. Today advanced by their great leader Comrade Kim this'sector is able to produce all types of heavy- I1 Sung, havti scored brilliant achievements in duty machinery,and equipment inctuding 100- socialist revolution and socialist construction. ton trucks, elect?ic locombtives 'and 20,000-ton Their country, formerly poverty-stricken and freighters, At the same time, the various com- backward, has emeiged as a socialist state with plete sets of equipment it turns out pro- modern industry and advdnced agriculture. vide the national economy with a strong mate- per During this period, Korea has achieved rial and technical ba'bking. Over 98 cent rapid industrial development and various in- of the country's machinery and equipment is produced dustrial sectors have been set up. During the at home. coursre of the Six-Year Plan (1971-76), it built A number of t4

Septemb;er 15, 1g?8 tr5 {

E output for 1946 m output foil|977 r output for 1946 annual production NI capacity during the Six-Year Plan (197r-76)

Cool Elerlricity rsrtNt tlothine sssr ('1,000 tons) 50,000 (million Kwh.) 33,000 tools 30,000 *Z 3,900 1,300

Chemitol r(\tst Textiles K\st lertilizers 3,000 (r,ooo merres) 6001000 (1,000 tons)

Vigorous development is seen in seiences, from domestic raw materials. Literary and education, culture and the arts. Before libera- art workers have gone deep into the reat life tion, there were no universities and very of the people, and their efforts have borne fruit few primary or secondary schools in the in the publication of a large number of new northern part of the Republic, where about works. 80 per cent of the population were illiterate. At rffith the growth of production, the living present, there are.over 15O colleges and uni- standards of the Korean people have gone up versities and 600 professional and technical markedly. Sinee the oi the war, wages institutes, while primary and secondary schools have been raised on"rra seven occasions while have been established in the urban and rural prices for daily necessities have been reduced areas. throughout the country. The number of in a planned way, Large numbers of new students enrolled comes to more than 5.6 buildings go up €very year to provide better million. The gratifying progress made by housing for the people. Hospitals, clinies, sani- scientific workers in variotx fields of research tary facilities and health stations have been set includes using domestic fuel to smelt iron, Iow- up in cities and rural areas, showing a tremen- thermo coal to heat boilers and tide-water to dous expansion in medical service. generate electricity, manufacturing agricultural The Korean people are now making greater machinery, turning out artificial diamonds and efforts to realize Korea's Second Seven:Year producing synthetic rubber and weed killers Plan (1978-84).

L6 Peking Reaieus, No. 37 Honoi Tolks

Viet Nom Should Abide bv the 1955 Asreement

lulllllllllllllllllltlillllllllIlllltililtlllllllillllltilllItItilililulutllltlIttl1illlllllIU

flHINA and Viet Nam held the fifth session promptly to Hanoi on September 4. This, he \-r ot their talks on the question of Chinese went on, showed China's sincerity and deter- nationals residing in Viet Nam on September mination to carry on these talks. 7 in Hanoi. Suggestions for Settlement Chino Reoffirmr Slncerity In his statement at the fifth session, Chung At the start of the session Chinese delega- Hsi-tung concentrated on explaining the views tion leader Chung Hsi-tung reaffirmed China,s and suggestions of the Chinese side on the ques- sincerity in regard to the talks. He said: ,.There tion of Chinese residents in south Viet Nam. He have been four sessions since the talks began, pointed out that the principles and spirit of the but no progress has been made, the cause of 1955 agreementr between the Chinese and Viet- which can be traced to the Vietnamese side. namese Parties on the question of Chinese On August 25, the Vietnamese authorities residents in north Viet Nam should serve as thg created a bloody, grave incident at Yu Yi Kuan. guide to seeking a settlement of the question of The Chinese and just-minded people of the Chinese residents in south Viet Nam. world expressed intense indignation at this in- Consultations Chinese and cident. This incident proves again that the Viet- between the Vietnamese Parties held 1955 on the ques- namese authorities cannot evade the respon- in Chinese residents, he pointed out, did sibility for the persecution and expulsion of tion of cover Chinese nationals residing in Viet Nam. Chinese nationals. Yet in his speech on Septem- all was under reae- ber I at a mass rally in Hanoi marking Viet As south Viet Nam then the regime and con- Nam's National Day, the Vietnamese Prime tionary rule of a U.S.-puppet ditions were not ripe for solving the question of Minister utterly ignored the facts and ftied to Chinese residents Chinese and Viet- shift the blame for the expulsion of Chinese na- there, the namese Parties consultations reached the tionals en masse on to the Chinese side. Further- after following The Chinese side would more, he levelled unwarranted charges. against agreement: be responsible leading the work China. This is most unjustified, and we cannot temponarily for among the Chinese residents south Viet Nam but express our deep regret. Nevertheless, mo- in Nam the tivated by a sincere desire to uphold the tradi- and after the liberation of south'Viet two countries would seek a solution of the qugs- tional friendship between the Chinese and Viet- namese peoples and seek a solution ques- to the * tion of Chinese residents in Viet Nam, the Chi- In the 1955 agreement, the two Parties ac- knowledged that the Chinese residents in north Viet nese Government Delegation has exercised great Nam, on condition of their enjoying equal rights restraint and continued to hold talks wilh the as the Vietnamese and after being given sustained Vietnamese Government Delegation." Chung and patient persuasion and ideological education, may gradually become citizens Viet Nam on a Hsi-tung stated that he was recalled to China on of voluntary basis. (See Peking Reoiew No. 33, p. 26, August 28 to report on his work and returned 1978).

September 15, 1978 17 tion of Chinese nationals through consultations own free will either before or after the libera- and education would be carried out among the tion of south Viet Nam. In order to create Chinese nationals for their gradual adoption of favourable conditions for the voluntary adop- Vietnamese'nationality. However, right after tion of Vietnamese nationality by Chinese resi- tha liberation of south Viet Nam, the Viet- dents who have not yet done so, the Vietnamese namese authorities, departing from the agree- Government should, for a certain period, follow ment between the two Parties, unilaterally took the approach it took towards the Chinese resi- a series of measures to coerce Chinese nationals dents in the north, accord them'equal treat- into adopting Vietnamese nationality. ment, refrain from discrimination and, through patient persuasion and education, gradually Chung llsi-tung pointed out that the funda- guide them on to the course of adopting Viet- mental redson why the question bf Chinese resi- namese nationality. The Chinese side will dents in south Viet Nam has become so acute render its co-operation and assistance in this is that the Vietnamese Government hbs pursued regard and will actively encourage anC urge the policy of discrimination and ostracism, per- these Chinese residents to adopt, Vietnamese secution and expulsion against the masses of. nationality in line with its consistent policy. Chinese nationals.

In conclusion, Chung [Isi-tung proposed two a. f-Point Proposol suggestions for settling the question of Chinese residents in south Viet Nam. They are: At the third session held on August 19, Chung Hsi-tung made a 4-point propcisal to l. The Vietnamese Government should solve the question of Chinese residents in north stop forthwith its discrimination against and Viet Nam. ostracism, persecution and expulsion of the -masses of Chinese residents in south Viet Nam. l. The Vietnamese side should stop its trn the case of those displaced Chinese nationals erroneous practice of discriminating against and who have suffered persecution and are without ostracizing, persecuting and expelling Chinese grlearu of livelihood, the Vietnamese Govern- residents and in the spirit of the 1955 agreement ment should allow them to return to their orig- between the Chinese and Vietnamese Parties, create favourable ionditions for their continued inal places of residence in Viet Nam if they s

18 Peking Reaiqts, No. 37 dence in Viet Nam. The Vietnamese side should Many returnees still have close relatives in publicly guarantee and measures to effec- Viet The Chinese side will also provide take Nam. 'who tively ensure their personal safety and resettle facilities to 'those among them wish to them properly after they return to their original return to their original places of residence in places of residence in Viet Nam and guarantee Viet Nam, and it is hoped that the Vietnamese their livelihood ,and erhployment and freedom side will make proper arrangements to receive from discrimination. and resettle them and refrain from discriminat- ing against them. 4. Because the Vietnamese side pursued a policy of persecuting and expelling Chinese In regard to the above-mentioned proposals residents in violation of the , 1955 agreement of the Chinese delegation, the Vietnamese side between the two Parties, more than 160,000 not only did not respond in a spirit of consulta- people have been driven on to Chinese territory, tions on an equal footing, they hurled lies and among them Vietnamese citizens of Chinese made slanderous attacks against China at the origin and some Vietnamese including those'of negotiating:' table. This was borne out by the Viet Nam's minority nationalities. Out of speech made by Hoang Bich Son, leader of the humanitarian considerations, the Chinese side Vietnamese delegatiori, at the fifth session. could not but make necessary arrangements to Chung llsi-tung lodged a strong protest receive and resettle all these people including with the Vietnamese side against its attack on Vietnamese Regarding these Viet- .citizens. China's Party and state leaders which named namese citizens, the Vietnamese side is duty- names and was couched in malicious language. bound to receive them back and make proper The vicious attack by Vietnamese delegation arangements for resettling them in Viet Nam. leader Hoang Bich Son in his speech at the The Chinese side is willing to discuss this ques- session, he pointed out, "can only be considered tion in the concrete with the Vietnamese side. as another expression of the grave move taken The Chinese side is ready to provide them with by the Vietnamesq authorities to escalate their all necessary facilities and courteously 'send anti-China campaign." "Does the Vietnamese them aeross the border. side really want to conduct serious negotiations on the question of Chinese nationals residing in Among the Chinese nationals driven back Viet Nam or just want to use negotiations as an to China, there are many families who have anti-China forum?" The statement of }Ioang lived in Viet Nam for many generations and Bich Son "can only be regarded as dn act to have very close ties with the Vietnamese people. erect a new barrier to the talks and cast a new Some of these families have now been divided. shadow over their prospects," he added.

(Conttuw.ed from p. 13.) tive posts directly or indirectly. The question b of "waiting o.n the upper strata and bourgeois I the bad old habit of working only for money; gentlemen" simply does not exist. our new motto is: Serve the people whole- heartedly. With the development of production, peo- I ple gradually improving their standard of 6 are Our customers address the attendants as living; different ways of living and a variety of "comrades" and our atttendants have always needs must be considered. Can it be that social- refused tips. The relation between attendants ism is a synonym for scarcity and tedious uni- and our customers is not one of the market- formity? What nonsense it is to say that good place, but one between revolutionary eomrades. service is apt to fcster revisionism! We serve them when they come to our res- taurant; they, in turn, serve us at their respec- (To be concluiled.)

September 15, 7978 l9 Iourney to Five Europeon Countries /' by Our Stoff Correspondent Keng Yu-hsing

.N\

the errd May .IuIy, vtsited second Canada the export boards E1ROM of to,early I only to in of r Finland, Sweden;, Norway, Iceland and the and paper. Federal Republic of Germany as a ihember of . The Deputy Prirpe Minister told us that his a Chinese journalists' delegation. government pays great attention to protectipg Ifhis interesting trip gave us a chance to forestry. For example, it makes sure of a reason- isee how the people in these countries live and able price for timber, emnomically promotes go about their work and how they are preoccu- the forestry industry and gives techrrical guid- pied. Following are some vignettes of the trip. ance to forest'management. The government lays down that timber felling must be planned and planting of sAplings timely to replaee'the ' Travelling west from He1sinki, we arrived felled trees. These measures ensure the rapid at a secluded and very fair farm after driving growth and continuous replenishment of the through what seemed an endless stretch of forests despite decentralized management and forest. It was a Sund4y, and Finland's Deputy wholesale felling. Prime Minister Minister. Agriculture and for Although forestry is the pillar of Finland's and Forestry Johannes Virolainen just had economy, the Finnish people are not content returned from planting trees in his private with a mono-economic structure and have set tract of woodland to receive us. ' up metallurgical and other ihdustries. The "We Finnish people call the forests green metal working, machine-building and ship- gold, for without these forests our farmers and building industries have made great headway the country would not be able to survive." Our particularly in the .postwar years and are being host started the ball rolling. equipped with what is latest in technology. Indeed, forests cover 7l per cent of Today, the metal industry's output value and Finland's land mass, averaging five hectares number of people employed by the industry top per capita. Statistics show that the country those of all other industries. The chemical, has a total timber resource of 1,500 million food and textile industries have developed too. population cubic metres, with an annual growth of 5? Whereas before the war half the million cubic metres. Timber is a most were engaged in agriculture, forestry and important source of income directly affeeting livestock breeding, today the number has the national economy and the people's liveli- dropped to only about 12 per cent. hood. Finland which began to industrialize in Countries, big or small, all have their strong the 1860s kicked off by exploiting and utili2ing points and weak points. The development of its timber re.sources on a large Scale. Today, Finland's forests, forestry industry and other its forestry industry makep up more than 2E economic branches may be cited as an example. per cent of the national industrial output value, During our visit to the other four countries we and timber and its products account for 52 per found, too, that each country. has its special cent of the country's total export. Finland is characteristics in its constructiorr and develop-

20 Peki,ng Reuieu:, No. 37 ment by which we can profit in our effort to However, the international situation today modernize our country. is vastly different from the past. Contention and arms race between the superpowers are Gunpowder Smell in Peoce Time growing ever sharper. A glance at Europe Ruin and devastation lay before us. shows that behind the facade of "detente" Brokpn walls, rubble, smashed tiles and bricks gleam bayonets and swords. Even in the Baltic met the eye everywhere. The wreckage of Sea washing the shores of Sweden, which'has aeroplanes and smashed-up trucks lay close been called the "sea of peace," ominous billows by, Suddenly, we heard groans behind us and are raging. Stark realities have made Sweden on turning round we saw several civil defence realize that the policy of neutrality -mr-rst be workers clamber out of the cellar beneath the backed up with the strength of national rubble. They had rescued an old man with an defence. The Swedish Government stresses injured arm. After we got to the first aid that the policy of neutrality it upholds is station in all haste, civil defence workdrs were "armed neutrality." When she received us, bringing in on a stretcher an old man with Foreign Minister Karin Soeder pointed out serious head injuries. His wife was following, that to safeguard its neutrality, Sweden must weeping. The medics carried the man in and maintain a powerful national defence and the gave him treatment while others tried to com- equipment of its armed forces must be as utrF fort his wife.... to-date as possible. This was a scene we saw when we visited The civil defence training we saw was Sweden's Rosersberg civil defence training just a part qf Sweden's defence building effort. centre. The ruins were specially lrreserved for Today, Sweden has built up a fairly comprehen- civil defence training. Although it was only a sive arms industry. Our hosts told us that by training exercise, the earnestness of the par- making use of the rocky feature of its territory, ticipants and the victims, acted out by civil Sweden has built a huge network of ,under- defence personnel, made one feel that he was ground national defence bases. In time of war, in the midst of a battlefield with guns roaring the air force can operate from concealed under- and the acrid smell of cordite everywhere. ground hangars and fighter planes can get on The people of Sweden love peace. In the to the airfields by underground runways; the two world wars, Sweden suffered no damage. navy's warships can be repaired in subterranean This has given the Swedish people a long period docks; the army has underground logistic depots of peace and time for construction. Towards and underground bases for producing guided the end of the last eentury, Sweden was Still missiles, electronic equipment and other indus- an impoverished and backward agricultural tries. Sweden has a numerically small but country in Europe. However, the Swedish highly modernized armed force. It also has a economy picked up in succeeding deeades. strict military service system and a system of Today, with the establishment of a modern giving demobilized servicemen regular re- national economy, Sweden has become one of fresher courses. It'is officially estimated that in the countries with the highest national income wartime, Sweden can call up for military serv- per capita in the world. ice 10 per cent of its population, that is, ?50,000 people. Precisely because peace has brought enor- mous benefits to Sweden, successive govern- A Swedish journalist friend told us: ments have all taken it as their basic principle in "Sweden is a small country, but if a superpower foreigir policy "not to enter into alliances in dares to invade us, we can certainly fight to peacetime so as to remain neutral in war- the very end. Although we may not be able time." to defeat the aggressors, we will infliet such

September 75, 7978 21 heavy losses on them that they Will be forcqd get-together and time and again drank to to realize that aggression agalnst us will not friendship between the Chinese and Norwegian pay." peoples. Mr. Saeverud recalled the visit not long ago of Li Ming-chiang, a musician who was a delegation, and A Worm Heort in Bergen m€mber of a Chinese cultural expressed his delight at the growilig people-to- A fast launch took us to Bergen -Norway's people contacts b6tween the two countries. He second biggest city. It was alreedy darf and ahd his wife played several of his compositions lights were on in all houses. on the piano for us. We were like old friends, As soon as we got on to the pier, a big, tall although we had iust made each other's and cheerful middle-aged man extended a acquaintance. warm welcome to us. He was Professor Thorolf We met quite a few friends like Professor Rafto of the Faculty of History of the Univer- Rafto and Harald Saeverud in other "ompd"or sity of Bergen and also President of the History parts of Norway. Association. A few days eadier, whlle he In Oslo, we also visited the Norway-China was giving a lecture in Oslo, he had learnt from Friendship Association which sets itself the the newspapers and the Chinese Embassy the task of fostering friendship between the two ' time of our arrival in Bergen qnd had specially countries. It publishes a magazine call,ed driven over to welcome us. Chl.no anil Us which specializes in reports on The professor presented each one of us in China and has a shop called Panda Store to the delegation with a card he had written ex- sell Chinese commodities, books and magazines pressing best wishes on our visit to Bergen. At and handicrafts. A responsible member of the the bottom of the card between the two big association told us that it was organizing eight words "Peking" and "Bergen" he had drawn a groups of Norwegian friends to visit China this heart to portray his cordial feelings for Sino- year and that next.year there will be 15 groups' Norwegian friendship. That evening he calle{ at exclusive of visits by governmeni and other our hotel and we had a good talk, and the next circles. Meanwhile, through the efforts of the day he came along on our visit so that we governments of both countries, trade, economic couid carry on ourconversation. co-operation and cultural exchanges between professor Rafto told us that he was very China and Norway are developing smoothly. interested in the epic Long March made by the We met many good friends of China during Chinese lllorkers' and Peasants' Red Army in our visit to the other countries, too. They the 30s and he believed that it was an outstand: are fascinated by our ancient yet developing ing feat in human history. He hid spent a year country and rejoice at our achievements and in China visiting the places the Red Army had show concern over the problems facing China' passed through ol its Long March to carry out Many of them work tirelessly to promote their on-the-spot study and collect materials on it. people's understanding of China in friendship At present, he is working on a book about organizations or by other means. According to China's Long Match. these friends, moie and more Europeans are beginning a great interest in China. It We visited the famous Norwegian composer to take is clear that there is a broad basis for China to Harald Saeverud at his home on a bush-clad, develop its relations with these European coun- quiet and beautiful smafi hill in the suburbs of And basis is expanding with each Bergen. The 81-year-old composer, his wife tries. this and daughter-in-law treated us to their day. home-made fruit brandies. We had a merry (To be continued.)

22 Peking Reuieut, No. 37 Explanatory l{otes to Yolume V of "Selected Works of Mao Tsetung" (t7)

They (these co-operotives) ore mostly the same time goes in for industry, transport semi-sociolist and cnommunications, building and other in- dustries. (See p. 187, Vol. V, ErW. EiI.) A policy thot wos colled "resolute This refers to elementary agricultural producers' co-operaiives.. They were semi- controction" soeialist in nature because, on the one hand, (See p. 190.) they made unified use of land and rational use The erroneous policy cpntrac- of larm tools, and their members engaged in of "rasolute was trotted behind common labour. basically implemented the tion" out by Liu Shao-chi the backs Chairman Mao and Party principle "to each according to his work" and of the possessed relatively more public property. Central Committee. In 1955 when the move- ment for agricultural co-operation was develop- These co-ops therefore had some socialist ele- ments. On the other hand, their members still ing with momentum under the inspiration of Chairmair Mao's call, Liu Shao-chi who took a retained their private ownership of land and Right opportunist stand plan other means of production. They still received alleged that the for co-operation was too ambitious and adven- dividends for the Iand they had in the flooled He put policy of co-operatives as shares and certain remunera- turist. forward the erroneous contraction," and personally approved tions for the farm tools and draught animals "resolute plan a they had handed over. These agricultural a for slashing the cro-operatives. As 200,000 in producers' co-operatives were a form of transi- result, more than co-operatives various parts were it: tion to fully socialist agricultural producers' of the country dissolved only a over two months. co-operatives owned by the collective. little This aroused great dissatisfaction among the masses and the cadres. Chairman Mao Stote-operoted ogricultu re promptly pointed out that it was wrong to slash co+peratives and equally wrong to (See p. 187.) .the take such a major measure without the approval This refers to agriculture managed with of the Party Central Committee. After Chair- state investments and owned by the whole man Mao made this criticism, this erroneous p6ople: Its main form is the socialist state farm policy was quickly rectified and the movement whose meanS of production belong to the whole for agricultural cooperatlon again went full people and whose food grain and other farm steam'ahead. and side-line products are distributed by the state in a unified way. Some state {arms also The principles of voluntory porticipotion set up industrial enterprises directly serving agricultural production. ond mutuol benefit (See p. t92..) . In China there is another major form of state-operated socialist agriculture owned by These were basic principles Chairman Mao the whole people, and that is the production laid down for agricultural cooperation after and construction corps of the P.L.A.' This is summing up the historical experience in a comprehensive state-operated farming unit mutual aid and co-operation in our country. which engages mainly in agriculture and at Voluntary participation means that, in the

September 15, 7978 23 course of agricultural co-operation, we must not China, the level of production of commodity force or order the peasants to join the cro- grain was low. At that time the sources of sudr operatives against their will, particularly those graih were grain delivered to the state by state who did not want to do so for the time being, farms, grain paid as agricultural tax by agri- but should adopt the method of persuasion and cultural preducers' _co-operatives and grain education and wait pa.tiently until they were purchased by the state. politically more conscious, and we should use typical examples to guide them consciously to "Sociolist Upsurge in Chino's and voluntarily take the socialist road. Mutual benefit means that, in handling economic ques- Countryside" tions such as the means of production handed (See p. 235.) over to the co-operatives and the distribution of incomes, the poor and the middle peasants Compiled in the latter half of 1955 by the should be taken into consideration so that both General Office of the Central Committee of the would benefit and not suffer any loss. Ad- Communist Party of China, this book contains herence to the principles of voluntary participa- 176 articles on the movement for agricultural tion and mutual benefit was an important co-operation in various parts of China and is guarantee for success in agricultural co-opera- a summary of the experience gained at that tion. time. Chairman Mao who gave direct leader- ship to the editing work wrote the prefaces and Poyment boeed on lond shores editor's notes to 104'artieles. Both the prefaces and editor's notes have played an important (See p. 192.) role in giving guidance to China's agricultural The pooling of land as shares and the co-operative movement, socialist construction practice of unified marlagement were adopted and Party work. i in'the elementary agricultural producers, co- operatives, and remuneration was given accord- The story of Lord Yeh who professed ing to the amount of land and labour a peasant to love drogons contributed, The dividend for land shares was based on the amount and quality of the land (See p. 251.) pooled in tfre co+perative. Generally, payment for land shares was lower than remuneration This was told by Liu Hsiang (77-6 B.C.) of for lalrour and was given as a fixed amount the Han Dynasty in his Hsi.n Hsu.' The story which was not increased with the development is about a Lord Yeh of ancient times who was of production. Some elementary co-operatives so fond of dragons that he adorned his whole adopted. the method of allocating a definite palaee - beams, pillars, doors, windows and percentage of annual real incomes, from which walls - with drawings and carvings of them. production, accumulation and welfare funds had When a real dragon in heaven heard of this it been deducted, for use as payrnent for land was deeply moved by his infatuation and paid shares. Payment based on land shares was him a visit. When Lord Yeh saw the real drag- given to the peasants in view of their level of on thrusting in its head through the window political consciousness at that time; it helped of his study and its tail moving in his palace, promote the change-over from mutual-aid he was frightened out of his wits and ran out teams to elementary agricultural producers' of the house for his life. Clearly, what Lord Yeh co-operatives. Such payment was done away loved was not the real dragons.. with when the higher-stage agricultural pro- Chairman Mao used this story here to warn ducers' co-operatives were set up. leading cadres at various levels not to act like Lord Yeh. These cadres had talked about so-- Commodity groin cialism for years but became frightened at the (See p. 196.) advent of the socialist agricultural eo-operative movement. This means marketable grain. In the early stage of the transformation of agriculture in (To be continued,,)

24 Peking Reoieut, No. 37 1927 massacre of Communists. CU.LTURE AND SCIENCE. The Comgrunist Partj had, con- tributed mueh to mobilizing the worker-peasant masses in the Northern Expeditionary -lYar Mao Tsetung Portroyed Yang Kai-hui, wife and'close against Chinese warlords sup- ported by imperialist powers. an Stoge of Chairman Mao, was"o*"ud" one of China's pioneer It was at this,critical moment of In the new play Yang Kai-hui, women Communists. She was the PArty that Mao Tsetung Mao Tsetung, the great leader killed by a Kuomintang warlord raised the banner of armed of the Chinese people, is por- in the winter of 1930, at the age struggle and established the trayed as a young man in the of 29. revolutionary base area in the years between 1920 and 1930 as Chingkang Mountains, thus The first three acts of the play he carried out revolutionary ac- opening up the correct road for show Mao Tsetung and Yang tivities. Chinese revolution en- Kai-hui leading the workers and the oi circling the cities'from coun- This is China's first drama to peasants moyements in Elunan the present a relatively lengthy por- Province and depict the sharp tryside and ultimately seizing trayal of Mao Tsetung, showing struggle thdy carried out against political power throughout the him as the great leader and the Right opportunist line of the iountry. . ,' teacher of the Chinese revolu- Party General Secretary Chen The seventh and last act tion, and also one of the people, Tu-hsiu suppressed the who shows Yang Kai-hui in prison, a dear friend and' comrade of worker-peasant masses, sacrific- highlightinp her loyalty to the the working people. class interests and ed their Party and disdain for the enemy. advocated capitulation Critics view the production as class to An example of revolutionary "a great event in the history of Chiang Kai-shek. romanticism is seen in the Chinese literature and art" The fourth, fifth and sixth directing and design of the se- which expresses "the desire of acts are set against the back- quence: Mao Tsetung appears the people." ground of Chiang Kai-shek's on stage in a Soldier's uniform standing on the mountainside in the red base area, as'Yang Kai- hui bids him farewell from her prison cell. The act ends with the image of glowing flames representing the heroine's death for the cause of the people's liberation.

The epilogue shows the young couple Mao Tsetung and Yang Kai-hui walking side by side in their home town near the Hsiangkiang River arnidst plum blossoms. The play is presented by the Central Drama Institute. The part of Mao Tsetung is played by a 4l-year-old teacher of the in- stitute, and a 23-year-oId 1977 graduate plays the role of Yang ' Mao Tsetung and Yang Kai-hul in lhe play. l(ar-hur.

September 15, 1978 25 College of the Yenpien Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Kirin Province and colleges in aeroi nautical engineering, p€troleum, coal, geology, architectural engineering, light indr.r,stry, farm machinery, finance and economics, meteorology, tex- tiles, hydro-electric engineering, teacher training and physical culture. This move is aimed at strengthening higher education in trades or areas where such facilities are lacking, as well as in border areas inhabited by national minorities. This i.c also a step towards gradually en- abling higher edueation to meet A scene in the fourth ect. the needs of China's socialist revolution and construction. With the basic facts true to science as well as personnel in history, the play creatively econbmic management. Group develops certain incidents and after group of cadres, cadres of Art Exhibitions brings in a number of charact- worker or peasant origin, and Workers' and Peasants' Sculp- ers. The artists made a deep model workers have studied in tures. The first of its kind study of the social background its special classqs and raisdd ever held in Peking, the exhibi- and traits of the characters in- their educational and theoretical tion shows 120 sculptures by volved as well as the language level and professional ability. It eity workers in southwest China of the time. was forced to close down in 1970 and peasants living on the plain due to disruption by the revi- along the middle reaches of the sionist line of Lin Piao and the Yangtze River. The subjeet-. More lnstitutions ol "gang of four." matter is varied, vividly high- Higher Learning Now all its 12 departments, lighting many different facets The People's University of including those of philosophy of the lives of the labouring people. China, recently reopenecl at its and political economy, and six planning researeh divisions on the history old site in Peking, is Peasants' Paintings. The 60 Marxism-Leninism, popula- to enrol 1,700 students and of paintings by over 100 spare-time tion theory and four other post-graduates this year. sub- peasant artists of Fangshan jects have been restored. This comprehensive universi- Countf on the southwest out- skirts Peking are characteriz- ty embracing various branches Chind has .already reopened of ecl plain portrayal of social science has a revolu- 20 institutes of higher learning by their of figures and bright colours. tionary past; its predecessor, a which were forced to close down Some paintens have university in the liberated area or merge with others by Lin of the shown their works at municipal during the war years, had Piao and the "gang of four." or national exhibitions. trained a large number of Another 44 new institutions of art cadres for the Party. Estab- higher learning have been set lished in 1950, the People's up. They include the Tibetan University of China has trained Institute of Agriculture and CoRRECIION:. In the box on p. t5, No. 36, the number of prlmary schools many theoreticians social in Animal Husbandry, the Medical ln 197? should be 982,163.

26 Peking Reuiew, No. 37 a truck driver of the Motor ON THE HOME.FRONT Transport Company of Sze- chuan Province in southwest China. For 14 years he has been Dlaohtntst Team and a nationally known model Drioet Eomtred driving a heavy-duty truck over worker since the 50s. Though a mountainous area with a rec- its members have changed rflO mobilize the workers and ord of 577,785 kilometres of many times since its formation I enhance their enthusiasm safe-running and has saved present 'leader the for socialist mddernization, and its is 59,757 litres of gasoline. This China is now implementing the 13th, the team has upheld its year he has set the record of principle of. combining moral fine traditio-ns throughout the 4.14 litres per 100 ton/kilometre, encouragement and material years. Ma Heng-chang who is 51.57 per cent lower than the reward, with the emphasis on now 70 years old is Member quota specified by the state for the former. Model workers and of the Standing Committee of gasoline consumption. pace-setters in all trades and the National People's Congress professions are duly commended and the plant's chief mechanical and awarded in recognition of engineer. Tient*in Dxpands their contributions to the so- froreign Trade The team has withstood cialist cause. severe tests in class struggle. T[UENTSIN, a major industrial -The Ma Heng-chang machin- ryVhen Lin Piao and 11rs "gang r and port city in north China, ist team of the Tsitsihar No. 2 of four" incited the workers to is working out measures to ex- .Machine Tools Plant in north- stop production, the team's pand the production of exPort east China was awarded the members resisted and held commodities and bring in new honourable title of "Heroic steadfastly to their posts. For technology from abroad.' Collective" on August 22 at the this, Ma Heng-chang and consideratiOn are National Machine-Building In- several other workers Under -veteran measureb for processing and as- dustry Conference on Learning were persecuted by the follow- From Taching convened in sembling for foreign customers ers of the "gang of four." They Peking. Wearing red flowers who supply the raw materials, were taken into custody tor on their chests, the leader and designs or Some in- eight months and even subjected Parts. several workers of the team dustrial departments are draw- to corporal punishment. attended the title-conferring ing up plans to boost their ceremony at Peking's Great The team's current leader Ma capacity for producing goods for Hall of the People. Newspapers the international market- Some throughout the country front- Chiang-lin, 3?, said: Moderni- have begun discussions paged the news. zation needs new techniques, so units we must constantly renovate with foreign firms and are run- Founded in April 1949, the our equipment and improve our ning classes to train foreign team has distinguished itself by teehnology. All 19 members of trade personnel and technicians. doing the work of 43 years and the team are learning basic 10 months 29 years, with Lin Hu-chia, first secretarY of in theory and technology in spare- over 99 per cent of its products the Tientsin municiPal PartY time schools or taking lesson up to the required standard. It committee, called several meet- broadcast. over the radio, and has also won reno,wn by ren- ings with resPonsible cadres they apply what they have ovating cutting tools, im- of trade and industriai dePart- Iearnt to production. proving operational methods ments to discuss the matter. He and steadily raising efficiency pointed out that modernization in production. The State Planning Commis- sion recently conferred the title of China's agriculture, industrY, The team got its name from of "Vanguard in Practising national defence and science and its first leader, Ma Heng-chang, Economy" on Han Yung-hung, teehnology should start with the

SeTfiernber 75, 1978 27 latest technology and stressed the need to introduce new tech- nology from abroad.

He called on industrial depart- ments to improve the work of disseminating technological in- formation, step up the training of technical personnel and the teaching of foreign languages, organize tours abroad to study lhe international market and study advanced technology, and work out plans for buy- ing foreign' equipment, pro- duetion lines and patents and employing. foreign experts. Equipping China's industry with Chang Ping-kuei (left) giving a demonstration in selling candies. advanced foreign technology, he said, will: increase its ability for self-reliance and raise its oil and gas deposits waiting to he is selling, Chang Ping-kuei standard of modernization. be exploited. has visited confectionaries on his holidays and .learnt the Scroe tho Poople whole process of candy making, Anothen Slulper-l)ssp and has paid after-work calls get W-ell Model Shop Assistant. Chang on doctors in a hospital to Ping-kuei works in the candy information on the nutritive N oil drilling team recently value I section of Peking's biggest de. of the candies. / r sunk a well of 7,175 metres partment store which receives in Szechuan Province, which. .Chang had been . a child some 100,000 customers every is rich in oil and natural gas labourer and suffered a lot in day. the old joined deposits. This is the second well society. He the Party after liberation and came of such depth in China, marking For 23 years, Chang has to understand that socialist a new level in her drilling tech- enthusiastically served custom- commerce aims primarily at nique. ers. In China, there are "opinion-books" in shops for serving the people, not only at The same drilling team, the customers to write down making money. "In New China relations between shop No. 7001, sunk a well of ?,058 their criticisms or suggestions. the metres in July last year: A "Patientr'f "sincere" and assistants and customers are well of 6,011 metres was drilled "considerate" are comments relations of comrades. It's not in the same province sorne years customers have put down in just a relation between buyer ago. the store's many opinion-books, and seller any more," he said. praising this veteran shop As a result of his outstanding The new well is located in a assistant. service, he has been elected an transitional zone between two In order to be more proficient, advanced worker since 1957. different geological structures. he has memorized the prices of He is a Deputy to the current Geological and gas logging has 80 varieties of candy at his National People's Congress, the provided 334,000 pieces of data counter. He figures up the bill highest organ of state power in and more than 30 oil, gas and precisely and quicker in his China, and was elected to its water shows and abnormal in- head than by using the custom- Standing Committee last tervals. It provides a picture of ary abacus. To know the goods March.

28 Peleing Retsi,eut, No. 37 stones were needed. According dal-rp Tlocet to the original plan, the stones used for surfacing the highway were to be broken up in mecha- Desert Highway in came traffic ground to a halt. nical cnishers. The technical Somolia Now, with this all-weather persor(nel found plenty of suit- highway it's only a day's jour- able stones lying along the Visiting Chinese Vice-Pre- ney. The southern terminal route. They separated them mier Chen Mu-hua, accompa- links up with a direct route to from the dirt and mixed them nled by Vibe-President Ismail Mogadishu, the capital, and the with a proper amount of Ali Abucar of Somalia, made end of the highway in the north machine-broken stones. The a special trip to Burao where joins with Berbera Port. The experience was adopted all on August 1 a ceremony was completion of the highway along the route, and the prob- held to mark the completion brings a bonanza to the coun- lem of stone-supply was solv- and the opening to traffic of a try's economy as the southern ed, saving 12 million shillings. desert highway built with agricultural regions are thus As work on the highway pro- Chinese aid. The Chinese Vice- linked with the northern pas- ceeded, the friendship between Premier and the Somali Vice- toral areas. the Chinese! and Somali techni- President cut the festive ribbons cal piersonnel and worker:s grew amid cheers. Passing through vast waste- land and desert areas, the high- and deepened. The Chinese The 9?O-kilometre highway way was completed on schedule unreservedly passed on their runs northeastward from Belet in spite of the tropical heat, experience and helped train Ven in southern Somalia, then sometimes touching 50'C, short- over 2,000 Somali technical turns to the northwest, and age of water, sandstorms and workers. They got along well terminates in Burao in the other difficulties the road- with the local residents. The Togdher region of northern builders from Somalia and Chinese drivers, knowing how Somalia. There was only a precious water was in the desert China had to endure. 'always rough road in these parts in the regions, carried extra The Somali Government had past. In those days, a trip took big barrels of water for the Western coun- more than a week by bus in the asked at first people who lived along the build this highway, but dry season, and when the rains tries to way. A Somali government the request was turned down. official in charge of the build- given was con- The reason that ing of the highway said, "From struction of a highway through my own experience, I feel that the desert needed large amounts the Chinese people are the most of water and that would involve sincere friends of the Somali huge expenditures. The techni- people." cal personnel and workers of the two countries overcame this Peking fnrsitational difficulty by digging channels, Basketball Tournanxent wells and water caches and The 19?8 Peking International //s pushing a crash programme Friendship Men's Basketball qeason. In through the rainy Invitational Tournament took 'r"{ course of laying the roadbed E the place from August 5 to 13. The last three years, they in the ten teams that,took part came water consumption by reduced from I countries of Asia, water at a 560,000 tons of saving Europe and Latin America: the seven million of more than Democratic People's Republic Somali shillings. of Korea, Japan, the Philip- By using local resources, they pines, Mexico, Romania, Yugo- also economized on labour and slavia, the Netherlands and capital. Large quantities of China (with three entries).

September 15, 1978 29 A performanee by the Bomanlan ..Cunum-corpa, Burma's Cultural Danee anil Music Troupe's ller. tilor" Folk Song and Dance Ensemble last June 'formance in Peking last July. before. o Chinese audience ln Peklng.

In the 8-day tournament, led in some techniques. Al- Republic of Germany held a Romania carried off the cham- though the Mexican team meeting via Symphonie satellite pionship, with Yugoslavia as was not tall, the skill of indi- television. This was the first runner-up and China's "August vidual players was impressive time that China conducted such 1st" team in thei third ptace. and their passing a delight to a meeting with a foreign see. China's dis- three teams country. The teams gave fuII play to played good sportsmanship their differeni, forte and styles. and a fair level of skill which The meeting wos, conducted The three European teams, the were appreciated by the spec- by the Electronics Society of Netherlands, Romania and - tators from other countries. China and the F.R.G. Ministry Yugoslavia, fietrded tall players. of Research and Technology by With its advantage in height, Play ai the tournament gave German-French the team from the Netherlands' an indication of the trend in mearui of the Symphonie satellite. The recep- successfully employed the world basketball:.a faster game typical European style of with vigorous attack and actise tion was clear, and the colours defence get control and present- 'powerful thrusts down the to of the were bright sharp, ball; more exacting demand on The centre of the court and mono1rc- ing a well defined image. physique for high leaping and. level of lizing the rebounds. Romania sound achieved a high great speed and stamina; play- shone in tactics and played with fidelity. ers required to be adept in clockwork preeision. It was In pursuanee of an agreement both attack and defence; a adept in fast-break attacks. sharp improvement in indivi- between China and the Federal Yugoslav players who had an dual skill with more varied Republic of Germany on. con- edge' in height distinguished in methods of shooting and more ducting the experiments themselves in speed and fea- precise and co-ordinated Symphonie satellite communica- tured a fresh style of play. tactics; and last but not least, a greater tions and data transmission, the Aggressive in attacks, gen- they number of well-trained; ground station at Nanking, erally swung from one side of up and-coming young players. which was designed and manu- the court to the other in a factured in China, was the first flash. They. also had a tight Chinese station to join in the defence. The Korean team won Symphanie Satellite TV programme. Last April, this the admiration of spectators by Meeting ground station demonstrated its its indomitable dogged spirit. television and telephone capa- The players from the Philip- Reeently Chinese teehnicians bilities by linking up with a pines showed a high level of all- in Nanking and their counter- fellow station at Rasting near round individual skill and excel- parts in Munich of the Federal Munich.

30 Pek:ing Reaiew, No, B? technical co-operation with ROUND developing countries, provide technical assistance on relatively THE WORLD preferential terms and support technical co-operation among developing countries. We ap- preciate all this. BUENOS AIRES vivid expression of their collec- tive self-reliance. Expansion of Wei pointed out that the Conference on Technicot. this co-operation would def- developing countries encoun- Co-operotion initely promote these countries' ter obstacles placed by the economic independence, help superpowers as they , carry eradicate the poverty and back- . The U.N. Conference on out technical co-operation .wardness brought on'them by Technical Co-operation Among among themselves and technical imperialism, colonialism, neoco- Developing Countries, convened exchange with other countries lonialism and hegemonism, raise on the proposal of developing on the basis of equality and the living standards of their countries in Buenos Aires, mutual benefit. One superpower, people, increase their economie capital of Argentina, from trying hard to protect its vested strength, and improve their August 30 to September 12, interests a4d its monopoly and capabilities to defend themselves position was attended by delegates from dominant secured under against external subversion and economic more than 100 countries and a the old international aggression safeguard number of U.N. olganizations. and their order, is opposed to the reform The convocation of the con: state sovereignty. of unreasonable provisions in current technical co-operation ference itself is a reflection of pointed Wei Yu-ming out that policies. The late-coming super- the dramatic changes in the in- many countries developing have power, while professing support ternational situation. With the learnt ex- from their own for technical co-operation among third world as the main force, perience that to build an inde- developing countries, is actually the struggle against colonialism, pendent national economy they working out every possible imperialism and hegemonism is must follow the policy of taking means to undermine it. Within developing in depth in the eco- self-reliance as primary and its own "communit5r," it bullies nomic field. Many delegates seeking external assistance as the weak, wilfully subjecting pointed out in the general de- supplementary. Self-reliance is other member states to its con- bate that the technical co- the foundation stone. A country operation among developing ean make effective use of trol and explbitation. Yet it countries will help promote the foreign assistance and turn it calls such unequal relationship development of self-reliance, into a positive factor benefiting a model for international co- increase the use of the resources its independent development operation and wants the third of the developing countries and only when its people integrate world countries to foiiow it. Its build up a new international this assistance with the actual purpose is to divert the latter's economic order, conditions in their country. technical co-operation on to a wrong course and incorporate it Wei Yu-ming, Head of the He continued: Some second into its neocolonialist system of Chinese Delegation Vice- and world countries have increased exploitation. Minister of Economic Relations their economic ties and technical With Foreign Countries, said on exchange with third world coun- Wei Yu-ming said in conclu- August 31 that technical co- trie$ on the basis of equality sion that China is willing to operation among developing and mutual benefit, expressed develop and increase economic countries was at once mutual willingness to revise'certain un- and technical co-operation with assistance among them and a reasonable stipulations in their other developing countrias.

September 15, 7978 31 Sefientfiffre andl Tee hnrfieall f E {[ 4 Peniiodlfiealls fin Chfinese + fr ,. Z Quorterly + .L Mothemotico Numerico Sinico Acto Geophysico Sinico s Acto Chimico Sinico Scientio Geologico Sinico )L Vertebroto Polosiotico Acto Microbiologico Sinico 4 Acto Biochimico et Biophysico Acto Genetico Sinico +. Sinico Acto Botonico Sinico )L Acto Phytotoxonomico Sinico n Acto Zoologico Sinico -r Acto Zootoxonomico Sinico Acto Pedologico Sinico n Acto Entomologico Sinico Acto Archoeologio Sinico a Acto Geogrophico Sinico Oceonologio et Limnologio Sinico if. Acto Astronomico Sinico . eF' ,t (with table of contents and abstracts of ,{\ main articles in Engli,sh) I

I Acto Mechonico Sinico Chinese Journol of Otoloryngology IL Acto Mothemoticoe Applogotoe Journol of the Chinese Silicote = Sinico Society Acto Geologico Sin.ico Journol of Strotigrophy Scientio Atmospherico Sinico Chinese Forestry Science Progress in Physiology Chinese Journol of Preventive Chinese Journol of Medicol Lobor- Medicine otory Technology Chinese Journol of Rodiology Chinese Journol of Obstetrics ond Chinese Journol of Pediotrics Gynecology Chinese Journol of Stomotology Chinese Journol of Tuberculosis ond Chinese Journol of Neurology ond ' Respirotory Diseoses Psychiotry Chinese Journol of Ophtholmology

(wit.h table of contents in English)

Proctice ond Knowledge of Acto Physiologico Sinico Mothemotics Acto Phytophysiologico Sinico Fossils Acto Biologioe Experimentolis Journol of Zoology Sinico Chinese Journol of Agriculture

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