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Dear readers,

This STATIC GK TORNADO is a complete docket of important news and events. The STATIC GK TORNADO is important and relevant for all competitive exams like – IBPS Clerk 2016, IPPB 2016, Insurance and UPSC Exams.

STATIC BANKING AWARENESS TORNADO

What is ? Bank is a financial institution which deals in debts and credits. It accepts deposits, lends money and also creates money. It bridges the gap between the savers and borrowers. are not merely traders in money but also in an important sense manufacturer of money. Primary banking functions of the banks include: 1. Acceptance of deposits 2. Advancing loans 3. Creation of credit 4. Clearing of cheques 5. Financing foreign trade 6. Remittance of funds

Demonetization : Withdrawal of a particular form of currency (such as gold coins) from circulation. On 8th November 2016 GOI made history by taking a striking bold step to demonetize Rs.500 & Rs.1000 note to reform the finance sector. Making 86 per cent of the currency in circulation illegal in one stroke.

History of Demonetization in : • First demonetization : Pre Independence era in year 1946. • The highest denomination note ever printed by the Reserve was the Rs 10,000 note in 1938 and again in 1954. But these notes were demonetized in January 1946 and again in January 1978, according to RBI data to curb counterfeit and black money.

Sources of Black Money : • Corruption • Tax evasion

Countries Implemented Demonetization :

• Nigeria • Ghana • • Zimbabwe • • Soviet Union • • Myanmar

What do you mean by of a Country? The central bank of the country is the (RBI). It was established in April 1935 with a share capital of Rs. 5 crores on the basis of the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission. RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949.

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 The Management of RBI : The Executive head of the RBI is called the Governor, who is assisted by 4 Deputy Governors and other executive officers.  Present Governor of RBI : Dr. Urjit R. Patel is the present governor of RBI. He assumed charge as the 24th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India.  Four Deputy Governor of RBI : There are 4 Deputy Governors of RBI – 1. Shri N. S. Vishwanathan 2. R Gandhi and 3. S S Mundra. 4. ______

Note : There are 4 Deputy Governors, but one place is vacant at present so the 3 Deputy Governors are R Gandhi, S S Mundra and N S Vishwanathan

Powers of RBI – The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 have given the RBI wide powers of:

Supervision and Control over commercial Banks - relating to licensing and establishments, • branch expansion, • liquidity of their assets, • management and methods of working, • amalgamation (merger) • reconstruction and liquidation.

Functions of RBI –

Issue of Currency – RBI is the sole authority for the issue of currency in India other than one rupee notes and subsidiary coins, the magnitude of which is relatively small. The RBI is also called “Bank of Issue”. Note: The One Rupees notes and coins are issued by the Central Govt., The Ministry of Finance

Banker to the Government – As a Bankers to the Govt. RBI performs the following functions: (i) It accepts money, makes payment and also carries out their exchange and remittances for the Govt. (ii) It makes loans and advances to the States and local authorities. (iii) It also sells treasury bills to maintain liquidity in the economy. (iv) It makes ways and means advances to the Governments for 90 days. (v) It acts as adviser to the Government on all monetary and banking matters.

Banker’s Bank – The RBI has extensive power to control and supervise commercial banking system under the RBI Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 149. (i) The Banks are required to maintain a minimum of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) with RBI. (ii) The RBI provides financial assistance to scheduled banks and state cooperative banks. (iii) Enables banks to maintain their accounts with RBI for statutory reserve requirements and maintenance of transaction balances.

Custodian of foreign exchange reserves – The RBI functions as the custodian and manager of forex reserves, and operates within the overall policy framework agreed upon with Government of India. (i) The ‘reserves’ refer to both foreign reserves in the form of gold assets in the Banking Department and foreign securities held by the Issue Department, and domestic reserves in the form of ‘bank reserves’. (ii) Foreign exchange reserves are important indicators of ability to repay foreign debt and for currency defense, and are used to determine credit ratings of nations.

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(iii) Its commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, special drawing rights,(SDRs) and International Monetary Fund(IMF) reserve positions.

Controller of credit – Credit control is generally considered to be the principal function of Central Bank. By making frequent changes in monetary policy, it ensures that the monetary system in the economy functions according to the nation’s need and goals. (i) It can do so through changing the Bank rate or through open market operations. (ii) It controls the credit operations of banks through quantitative and qualitative controls. (iii) It controls the banking system through the system of licensing, inspection and calling for information.

Lender of last resort – Lender of the last resort means “Central Bank (RBI) helps all the commercial and other banks in time of financial crises. (i) It can come to the rescue of a bank that is solvent but faces temporary liquidity problems by supplying it with much needed liquidity when no one else is willing to extend credit to that bank. (ii) The Reserve Bank extends this facility to protect the interest of the depositors of the bank and to prevent possible failure of the bank, which in turn may also affect other banks and institutions and can have an adverse impact on financial stability and thus on the economy.

What is Monetary Policy? Monetary policy is how central banks manage the money supply to guide healthy economic growth. The money supply is credit, cash, checks, and money market mutual funds. The most important of these is credit, which includes loans, bonds, mortgages, and other agreements to repay.

Objectives of Monetary Policy - The primary objective of central banks is to manage inflation. The second is to reduce unemployment once inflation has been controlled. Central bank reduces inflation by raising interest rates, selling securities through open market operations, and other measures to reduce liquidity. Instrument of Monetary Policy - There are several direct and indirect instruments that are used in the implementation of monetary policy.

Open Market Operations (OMOs) - It refers to buying and selling of government securities by RBI in the open market. It controls the money supply in the economy. When RBI sells govt. securities to banks, the lendable resources of the latter are reduced and banks are forced to reduce or contain their lending, thus curbing the money supply. When money supply is reduced, it result increase in the interest rates tends to limit spending and investment. On the other hand, when RBI buys Govt. securities from banks, their lending resources are higher which in turn encourage banks to lend more in the market and lending leads to increase in money supply. When money supply is increased, it result decline in the interest rates tends to promote spending and investment.

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) : It is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with the RBI. Current CRR is 4%. For ex - When a bank’s deposits increase by Rs100, and if the cash reserve ratio is 4%, the banks will have to hold additional Rs 4 with RBI and Bank will be able to use only Rs 96 for investments and lending / credit purpose. Therefore, higher the ratio (i.e. CRR), the lower is the amount that banks will be able to use for lending and investment.

Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) : It indicates the minimum percentage of deposits that the bank has to maintain in form of gold, cash or other approved securities.

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Note : If SLR increases, banks need to keep more liabilities (deposits) with them and provides less loans to people. If SLR decreases, banks need to keep fewer liabilities (deposits) with them and provides more loans to people. Changes in SLR often influence the availability of resources in the banking system for lending to the private sector.

Repo Rate – It is the rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds. It is the rate of interest which RBI implements on the short term loans, i.e., from a period ranging between 2 days to 3 months (90 Days). It is used by monetary authorities to control inflation. A reduction in the repo rate helps banks get money at a cheaper rate and vice versa.

Reverse Repo Rate – It is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks. Banks are always happy to lend money to the RBI since their money is in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in reverse repo rate can prompt banks to park more funds with the RBI to earn higher returns on idle cash. It is also a tool which can be used by the RBI to drain excess money out of the banking system.

Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) - A facility under which scheduled commercial banks can borrow additional amount of overnight money from the Reserve Bank by dipping into their SLR portfolio up to a limit (currently two per cent of their net demand and time liabilities deposits) at a penal rate of interest (currently 100 basis points above the repo rate). This provides a safety valve against unanticipated liquidity shocks to the banking system. MSF rate and reverse repo rate determine the corridor for the daily movement in short term money market interest rates.

Bank Rate - Bank rate is the rate of interest implemented by RBI when it lends money to a public sector bank on a long term basis, i.e. from a period ranging from 90 days to 1 year. Under this definition, Bank Rate and Repo Rate seem to be similar terms because both are the interest rates at which RBI lends money to banks.

However, the Repo Rate is a short-term measure and refers to short-term loans used for controlling the amount of money in the market, whereas Bank Rate is a long-term measure and is governed by the long-term monetary policies of the RBI. Bank rate is also referred to as the discount rate and is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on the loans and advances to a commercial bank.

What is BPS (Basis Points)? BPS is an acronym for basic points is used to indicate changes in rate of interest and other financial instrument. 1 BASIC POINT IS EQUAL TO 0.01%. So when we say that repo rate has been increased by 25 bps, it means that the rate has been increased by 0.25% RBI proposed marginal cost of funds methodology to calculate Base Rate – The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) proposed a new methodology to calculate Base Rate (Base Rate). It is based on marginal cost of funds methodology. The new methodology is aimed at bringing uniformity among BRs of banks so that they will be more sensitive to any changes in policy rates of the RBI like Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), etc.

Under the proposed methodology, the components of Base Rate will include cost of funds, negative carry on CRR/SLR, un-allocable overhead costs and average return on net worth. It will be effective from 1 April 2016.

Base Rate • It is defined as the minimum interest rate of a bank below which it is not viable to lend. • It was introduced on 1 July 2010 by the RBI. • It replaced the benchmark prime lending rate (BPLR), the interest rate which commercial banks charged their most credit worthy customer.

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SBI & ICICI Systemically Important Banks – RBI The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) designated (SBI) and ICICI Bank Ltd, the country’s two largest lenders, as Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs). The banks have been named Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs), with SBI falling in bucket three while ICICI Bank is in bucket one. Systemically Important Bank – Systemically important bank or a bank that is ‘too big to fail’ is one whose failure will have nationwide or worldwide impacts. A bank failure is a scenario in which the bank or financial institution is unable to pay its depositors or fulfill its financial obligations.

What is SWIFT?

SWIFT - Society for worldwide Interbank financial tele-communication. • India was 74th Nation to join SWIFT Network. • SWIFT Code is a standard format of bank Identifier code. This code is used particularly in International transfer of money between banks. • A majority of FOREX related message are sent to correspondent banks abroad through SWIFT. • SWIFT Code consist 8 or 11 character • When code is of 8 digit, It is referred to primary office • 1st 2nd 3rd and 4th digit – bank code • 5th and 6th digits – country code • 7th and 8th digits – location code • 9th 10th and 11th digits – branch code (optional).

What is Fiscal Policy? It is the process of policy decision making in relation to the financial structure of the government receipts and payments. It includes the action strategies on tax policy, revenue and expenditure, loans and borrowing, deficit financing etc. Primarily it is the budgetary policy of the Govt. and is reflected through the annual budget formulation.

The Objective of the policy are – • Mobilsation of resources for meeting the financial requirements for economic growth. • Improve savings & investment rate to improve the capital formation. • To initiate steps to remove poverty and unemployment and improve the standard of living of the people. • To reduce regional disparities.

History of – Banking system commenced in India with the foundation of Bank of Hindustan in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1770 which ceased to operate in 1832. After that many banks came but some were not successful like  (1786-1791)  Oudh Commercial Bank (1881-1958) – the first .

Whereas some are successful and continue to lead even now like –  (est. 1865)  (est. 1894, with HQ in Lahore (that time)  Bank of India (est. 1906)  (est. 1908)  (est. 1911)

While some others like Bank of Bengal (est. 1806), (est. 1840), (est. 1843) merged into a single entity in 1921 which came to be known as . Imperial Bank of India was later renamed in 1955 as the State Bank of India.

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In April 1935, Reserve Bank of India was formed based on the recommendation of Hilton Young Commission (setup in 1926).

The Indian banking sector is broadly classified into scheduled banks and non-scheduled banks. The scheduled banks are those which are included under the 2nd Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

The scheduled banks are further classified into : nationalised banks; State Bank of India and its associates; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); foreign banks; and other Indian private sector banks. The term commercial banks refer to both scheduled and non-scheduled commercial banks which are regulated under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

Nationalization – Nationalization is the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a national government or state. Need for nationalization in India: a) The banks mostly catered to the needs of large industries, big business houses. b) Sectors such as agriculture, small scale industries and exports were lagging behind. c) The poor masses continued to be exploited by the moneylenders.

Following this, in the year 1949, 1st January the Reserve Bank of India was nationalized.

14 commercial banks were nationalized in 19th July, 1969. Smt. Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India, during in 1969. These were – 1. Central Bank of India 6. 11. 2. Bank of India 7. 12. 3. Punjab National Bank 8. United Bank 13. 4. Bank of Baroda 9. 14. 5. United Commercial Bank 10. Allahabad Bank

Six more commercial banks were nationalized in April 1980. These were:

1. 4. Oriental Bank of Commerce 2. 5. Punjab & Sindh Bank 3. 6. .

Meanwhile on the recommendation of M. Narsimhan committee, RRBs (Regional Rural Banks) were formed on Oct 2, 1975. The objective behind the formation of RRBs was to serve large unserved population of rural areas and promoting financial inclusion.

Other Banks : Ltd. - is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal. Bandhan, which started as a micro-finance company in 2001, received banking license by Reserve Bank of India in 2014. • CEO - Chandra Shekhar Ghosh • Chairman - Ashok Lahiri

IDFC Bank Ltd. - is an Indian banking company with headquarters in Mumbai that forms part of IDFC, an integrated infrastructure finance company. The bank started operations on 1 October 2015. IDFC received a universal banking license from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in July 2015. On 6th November, 2015, IDFC Bank was listed on BSE and NSE. • CEO - Dr. Rajiv B. Lall

Public Sector Banks – Public Sector Banks (PSBs) are banks where a majority stake (i.e. more than 50%) is held by a government. The shares of these banks are listed on stock exchanges. There are a total of 27 PSBs in India [21 Nationalised banks + 6 State bank group (SBI + 5 associates)]. In 2011 IDBI bank and in 2014 were nationalized with a minimum capital of Rs 500 cr. For Ex – Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, etc. 7 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Private Banks – The private-sector banks in India represent part of the Indian banking sector that is made up of both private and public sector banks. The "private-sector banks" are banks where greater parts of stake or equity are held by the private shareholders and not by government. For ex – ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, , etc.

Regional Rural Banks - Regional Rural Banks are local level banking organizations operating in different States of India. They have been created with a view to serve primarily the rural areas of India with basic banking and financial services. However, RRB's may have branches set up for urban operations and their area of operation may include urban areas too. The Government of India, the concerned State Government and the bank, which had sponsored the RRB contributed to the share capital of RRBs in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35%, respectively.

What are the Sources of Bank’s Income?

A bank is a business organisation engaged in the business of borrowing and lending money. A bank can earn income only if it borrows at a lower rate and lends at a higher rate. The difference between the two rates will represent the costs incurred by the bank and the profit. Bank also provides a number of services to its customers for which it charges commission. This is also an important source of income. The followings are the various sources of a bank’s profit:

Interest on Loans – The main function of a commercial bank is to borrow money for the purpose of lending at a higher rate of interest. Bank grants various types of loans to the industrialists and traders. The yields from loans constitute the major portion of the income of a bank. The banks grant loans generally for short periods. But now the banks also advance call loans which can be called at a very short notice. Such loans are granted to share brokers and other banks. These assets are highly liquid because they can be called at any time. Moreover, they are source of income to the bank.

Interest on Investments – Banks also invest an important portion of their resources in government and other first class industrial securities. The interest and dividend received from time to time on these investments is a source of income for the banks. Bank also earn some income when the market prices of these securities rise.

Discounts - Commercial banks invest a part of their funds in bills of exchange by discounting them. Banks discount both foreign and inland bills of exchange, or in other words, they purchase the bills at discount and receive the full amount at the date of maturity. For instance, if a bill of Rs. 1000 is discounted for Rs. 975, the bank earns a discount of Rs. 25 because bank pays Rs. 975 today, but will get Rs. 1000 on the due date. Discount, as a matter of fact, is the interest on the amount paid for the remaining period of the bill. The rate of discount on bills of exchange is slightly lower than the interest rate charged on loans and advances because bills are considered to be highly liquid assets.

Commission, Brokerage, etc. - Banks perform numerous services to their customers and charge commission, etc., for such services. Banks collect cheques, rents, dividends, etc., accepts bills of exchange, issue drafts and letters of credit and collect pensions and salaries on behalf of their customers. They pay insurance premiums, rents, taxes etc., on behalf of their customers. For all these services banks charge their commission. They also earn locker rents for providing safety vaults to their customers. Recently the banks have also started underwriting the shares and debentures issued by the joint stock companies for which they receive underwriting commission.

What is NBFC? Non-bank financial companies (NBFCs) are financial institutions that provide banking services without meeting the legal definition of a bank, i.e. one that does not hold a banking license. These institutions typically are restricted from taking deposits from the public depending on the jurisdiction. Nonetheless, operations of these institutions are often still covered under a country's banking regulations.

NBFCs are doing functions similar to banks. What is difference between banks & NBFCs? NBFCs lend and make investments and hence their activities are similar to that of banks; however there are a few differences as given below:

8 gradeup.co/banking-insurance i. NBFC cannot accept demand deposits; ii. NBFCs do not form part of the payment and settlement system and cannot issue cheques drawn on itself; iii. Deposit insurance facility of Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not available to depositors of NBFCs, unlike in case of banks.

What is KYC? It is a process by which banks obtain information about the identity and address of the customers. This process helps to ensure that banks’ services are not misused. The KYC procedure is to be completed by the banks while opening accounts and also periodically update the same.

KYC guidelines were introduced in year 2002 by RBI and all banks were asked to make all accounts KYC compliant by 31 December 2005. These guidelines are issued under Section 35 A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

KYC documents - These are the documents used to establish customer’s identity. Banks need two types of document one for identity another for address.

Individual : Identity: Pan card, Passport, Aadhar card, Voter id card, Driving license, any other identity card upto bank’s satisfaction, letter from recognised public authority establishing identity of the customer.

Address : Telephone bill, electricity bill, Aadhar card, voter id card, Driving license, any other identity card upto bank’s satisfaction, letter from recognised public authority establishing address and identity of the customer, letter from employer, letter from landlord along with kyc of landlord.

Note: If a person is unable to produce necessary documents mentioned, a relaxation is extended if: 1. Balance < Rs. 50000 for all a/cs taken together 2. Total credit in all a/cs for a year < Rs. 1,00,000

Such customer needs to be introduced from an existing customer at least six months old and having full KYC. Also, transactions are to be stopped in such a/cs once Balance reaches Rs. 40,000 or total credit reaches Rs. 80,000.

What is Anti Money Laundering? Money laundering is the process by which the origin of funds gained by illegal means is concealed, and made to appear such that they have been derived from legitimate sources and inserting them back into economic circulation. Money laundering also covers financial transactions where the end use of funds goes for financing terrorism irrespective of the source of the funds.

The prevention of money laundering act, 2002 was enacted to prevent money laundering and deal with those who are guilty of money laundering. The PMLA seeks to combat money laundering in India and has three main objectives: (i) To prevent and control money laundering (ii) To confiscate and seize the property obtained from the laundered money; and (iii) To deal with any other issue connected with money laundering in India. Case of AML – DMK’s Kanimozhi, A Raja and Dayalu Ammal were charged under anti-money-laundering act for their involvement in 2G scam.

What is Financial Inclusion? Financial inclusion is a concept of making available banking/financial services to a vast section of low income groups and weaker sections at an affordable price. The objective of financial inclusion is to provide the service of basic banking products to the unserved masses of the country, aiming towards inclusive economic growth.

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The need for financial inclusion raised when even after years of Independence 40% population lacked access to basic banking products. And apart from poverty, illiteracy and lack of regular income the major barriers are lack of reach, high cost of transactions and time.

Regulatory steps taken by Reserve Bank of India in this regard -

• BSBDA (Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account) – No requirement for any minimum balance. – No limit on the number of deposits while restriction on withdrawal to 4. • Relaxation in KYC guidelines • Use of extensive technology in banking • Appointing business correspondents and business facilitators • Opening of branches in unbanked rural areas • Licensing of differentiated banks like Payment Bank and Small Bank

Schemes launched by Government of India to promote financial inclusion are - • PMJDY (Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana) – The main features of this scheme are (i) The slogan of the scheme is “Mera Khata – Bhagya Vidhaata” (ii) The scheme provided Rs 5,000 overdraft facility for Aadhar – linked accounts and RuPay Debit Card for all account holders (iii) An accident insurance cover of up to Rs. 1 Lakh is also provided. • Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana – The main features of this scheme are (i) For personal accident insurance (ii) Age group: 18-70 years (iii) Sum assured: Rs 2 lakh, while premium: Rs 12 per annum • Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana – The main features of this scheme are (i) For life insurance (ii) Age group: 18-50 years (iii) Sum assured: Rs 2 lakh, while premium: Rs 330 per annum • Atal Pension Yojana – The main features of this scheme are (i) For pension purpose (ii) Age group: 18-40 years (iii) Fixed pension: Rs 1000-5000 per month at age of 60 years.

Banking products that play a crucial role in the expansion of Financial Inclusion - a. Savings-cum-overdraft account b. Remittance products c. Savings product d. Kisan credit card (KCC) or General credit card (GCC)

Fund Allocation - Reserve Bank of India recently created a new Financial Inclusion Fund (FIF) with funding of Rs 2000 Crore for expanding the reach of banking services. The new Financial Inclusion Fund is created by merging Financial Inclusion Fund and Financial Inclusion Technology Fund into a single Fund — Financial Inclusion Fund (FIF). The new FIF will be maintained by NABARD.

In addition to this, Reserve Bank of India constituted a 14 – member committee under the chairmanship of RBI executive director Deepak Mohanty. It will work out a five-year action plan to spread the reach of financial services to unbanked population. 10 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Benefits of Financial Inclusion -  It offers potential for increasing banking business by bringing more and more customers to bank It seeks to improve the standard of living of vast majority of poor persons.  It enhances the number of Bankable customers.  It boosts the growth of Banking Business.  It can bridge the Urban-Rural divide.

What is a DeMat Account? DeMat account is nothing but a dematerialized account. If one has to save money or make cheque payments, then he/she needs to open a bank account. Similarly, one needs to open a DeMat account if he/she wants to buy or sell stocks. Thus, DeMat account is similar to a bank account wherein the actual money is being replaced by shares. In order to open a DeMat account, one needs to approach the Depository Participants [DPs]. In India, a DeMat account is a type of banking account that dematerializes paper-based physical stock shares. The DeMat account is used to avoid holding of physical shares: the shares are bought as well as sold through a stock broker. In this case, the advantage is that one does not need any physical evidence for possessing these shares. All the things are taken care of by the DPs. This account is very popular in India. Physically only 500 shares can be traded as per the provision given by SEBI. From April 2006, it has become mandatory for any person holding a DeMat account to possess a Permanent Account Number (PAN). What is Derivative? A derivative is a financial contract that derives its value from another financial product/commodity (say spot rate) called underlying (that may be a stock, stock index, a foreign currency, a commodity). Forward contract in foreign exchange transaction, is a simple form of a derivative.

What is a foreign exchange reserve? Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits and bonds held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term in popular usage commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve positions.

What is Bancassurance ? Bancassurance means distribution of financial products particularly the insurance policies (both the life and non-life), also called referral business, by banks as corporate agents, and through their branches located in different parts of the country.

What is FII? FII (Foreign Institutional Investor) used to denote an investor, mostly in the form of an institution. An institution established outside India, which proposes to invest in Indian market, in other words buying Indian stocks. • FII's generally buy in large volumes which has an impact on the stock markets. • Foreign Institutional Investors includes pension funds, mutual funds, Insurance Companies, Banks, etc.

What is FDI? FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) occurs with the purchase of the “physical assets or a significant amount of ownership (stock) of a company in another country in order to gain a measure of management control” (Or) A foreign company having a stake in a Indian Company.

What is SIDBI? The Small Industries Development Bank of India is a state-run bank aimed to aid the growth and development of micro, small and medium scale industries in India.

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• It was set up in 1990 through an act of parliament; it was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrial Development Bank of India. Headquarter – Lucknow.

What is NABARD? NABARD was established on the recommendations of Shivaraman Committee on 12 July 1982 to implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. Its headquarter located in Mumbai. Present Chairman is Dr. Harsh Kumar Bhanwala.

• It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). • It is one of the premiere agencies to provide credit in rural areas. NABARD is set up as an apex Development Bank with a mandate for facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture, small-scale industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts.

What is SEBI?  SEBI is the regulator for the Securities Market in India. Head office located in Mumbai.  Originally set up by the Government of India in 1988, it acquired statutory form in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament. U.K Sinha is the present Chairman of SEBI. Note: The Forward Markets Commission (FMC) is the chief regulator of commodity futures markets in India was merged with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on 28 September 2015.

What is SENSEX and NIFTY? SENSEX is the short term for the words "Sensitive Index" and is associated with the Bombay (Mumbai) Stock Exchange (BSE). The SENSEX was first formed on 1-1-1986 and used the market capitalization of the 30 most traded stocks of BSE.

NSE - Whereas NSE has 50 most traded stocks of NSE. Note : • SENSEX IS THE INDEX OF BSE and NIFTY IS THE INDEX OF NSE. • Both will show daily TRADING MARKS. Sensex and Nifty both are an "index”. • An index is basically an indicator it indicates whether most of the stocks have gone up or most of the stocks have gone down.

What is CRM? Customer Relationship Management (CRM) refers to the ability to understand, anticipate and manage the needs of the customer, interaction and relationship resulting in increased profitability through revenue and margin growth and operational efficiencies.

What is Right to information Act? The Right to Information act is a law enacted by the Parliament of India giving citizens of India access to records of the Central Government and State governments. The Act applies to all States and Union Territories of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir - which is covered under a State-level law. This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005 and came fully into force on 13 October 2005.

What is Recession? A true economic recession can only be confirmed if GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth is negative for a period of two or more consecutive quarters.

What is Sub-prime crisis? The Subprime crisis is due to sub-prime lending. These are the loans given to the people having low credit rating.

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What is IPO? IPO is Initial Public Offering. This is the f irst offering of shares to the general public from a company wishes to list on the stock exchange.

What is Revenue deficit? It defines that, where the net amount received (by taxes & other forms) fails to meet the predicted net amount to be received by the government.

What is National Income? National Income is the money value of all goods and services produced in a Country during the year.

What is Disinvestment? The Selling of the government stake in public sector undertakings.

What is Fiscal Deficit? It is the difference between the government’s total receipts (excluding borrowings) and total expenditure.

What are Mutual funds? Mutual funds are investment companies that pool money from investors at large and offer to sell and buy back its shares on a continuous basis and use the capital thus raised to invest in securities of different companies. The mutual fund will have a fund manager that trades the pooled money on a regular basis. The net proceeds or losses are then typically distributed to the investors annually. • A company that invests its clients' pooled fund into securities that match its declared financial objectives. Asset management companies provide investors with more diversification and investing options than they would have by themselves. Mutual funds, hedge funds and pension plans are all run by asset management companies. • These companies earn income by charging service fees to their clients.

What is NPA? An asset (loan), including a leased asset, becomes non performing when it stops generating income for the bank.

Note: Once the borrower has failed to make interest or principle payments for 90 days the loan is considered to be a nonperforming asset. It had been decided to adopt the '90 days' overdue' norm for identification of NPA, from the year ending March 31, 2004.

The conditions under which an asset becomes an NPA are as follows: 1. If interest or installment or both of principal remain overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of a term loan. 2. If Overdraft/ Cash Credit for an account remains ‘out of order’. 3. If bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of bills purchased and discounted. 4. If installment of principal or interest remains overdue for two crop seasons for short duration crops / one crop season for long duration crops.

ASSET CLASSIFICATION - RBI has classified nonperforming assets into the following three categories based on the period for which the asset has remained nonperforming and the realisability of the dues: • Substandard Assets : With effect from March 31, 2005, a substandard asset is one, which has remained NPA for a period less than or equal to 12 months. • Doubtful Assets : With effect from March 31, 2005, an asset is classified as doubtful if it has remained in the substandard category for a period of 12 months. • Loss Assets : A loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal or external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount has not been written off wholly. In other words, such an asset is considered

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uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some rescue or recovery value.

Reasons for NPA -  Macroeconomic situations: When a country is not growing on expected lines i.e. GDP is not growing, no demand for goods, then industry suffers and not able to payback.  Increased Interest Rate: The loan is taken at a time when interest rates were much higher than the present interest rate.  When some sectors of the economy are doing bad like Infrastructure, Power due to Land acquisition and forest related issues and environment clearances.  Willful defaulting: When one is able to pay but is not paying like Vijay Mallya.

Now what does the Bank / FIs do? Firstly the Bank /FIs inspect whether there are genuine reasons or not for non-repayment of loans. Here genuine reasons include factors that are beyond one’s control and certain internal, external reasons. In this case, for the revival of the corporates as well as for the safety of the money lent by the banks and FIs, timely support through restructuring is done. This system of restructuring of loans is called as Corporate Debt Restructuring. What if the case is not genuine? In this case Bank / FIs may • refer the case to Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT). • refer to Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARC) as per SARFAESI Act, 2002. • file winding up petition in the court of law. • file criminal case against the willful defaulter.

Let’s first take the genuine case : Corporate Debt Restructuring: • It has been implemented by RBI from August 2001. • It covers only multiple banking accounts or syndicated / consortium loan accounts of corporate borrowers where outstanding exposure is Rs 10 crore or more. • The accounts are eligible for consideration under the CDR system provided at least 75% of the creditors (by value of loan) and 60% of creditors (by number of loan) agree to the proposal. Note: The scheme will not apply to accounts involving only one financial institution or one bank.

In case if the reason of non-repayment is not genuine then Bank / FIs can have following options : Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT): • These are established in various cities under “Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions (RDDBF) Act, 1993”. • Banks / FIs can file an application with DRT or recover dues from persons / companies. • As per the act the issue is to be settled in 6 months. • In this case the success rate is around 20-30%.

Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARC): • This is formed under the “Securitization and Reconstruction of financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002”. • It empowers the Banks & FIs to recover NPAs without the intervention of the court. • It was brought to overcome the inefficiency of DRTs. • Under this, Banks / FIs have the power to sell their Bad loans. • The loans which are of Rs 1 lakh and more fall in this category. • RBI has the power to issue licence to ARCs. Asset Reconstruction Company (india) Ltd is the first ARC established in India.

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Filing of Criminal Cases - Criminal cases can be filed against the borrower if the banks feel the non-repayment of the debt is due to ‘wilful default’. Example is Vijay Mallya defaulting onSBI, UCO, .

Winding up petitions - Under the Companies Act, if a borrower fails to pay back the loan, a petition can be filed. For this a Official liquidator is appointed. It is a long procedure and may not give satisfactory results to banks.

Apart from the steps described above Banks can take other prudential steps, which are: 1. Corrective Action Plan: As per RBI Before the loan becomes an NPA, classify them as • SMA-0 (Special Mention Account) = upto 30 days. • SMA-1 = 31 to 60 days. • SMA-2 =61 to 90 days. In order to take corrective actions. 2. Joint lenders’ forum: RBI has mandated to constitute a Joint Lenders’ Forum at SMA-2 stage, if the loan exposure is more than Rs 100 Crore or more. 3. Strategic Debt Restructuring: RBI has announced to convert debt into equity i.e. Bank will assume the role of management (ownership).

What are BASEL III Norms? The Basel committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) was formed in 1974 by a group of central bank governors of G-10 countries. Later on the committee was expanded to include members from nearly 30 countries. BCBS in 1988 released Basel-I accords and subsequently to overcome the loopholes in it Basel –II was released in 2004. BCBS released a comprehensive reform package in Dec 2010, which is called as Basel –III, a global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems. These recommendations cover almost all the nations. And it amend the Basel -2 guidelines, also introduces some new concepts and recommendations.

Need For BASEL-3 Worldwide: Banks mainly deals with three kind of risks. These are 1. Credit risk 2. Market risk 3. Operational risk

What is Credit risk? It is basically the risk of loss, arising when a borrower is not capable of paying back the loan as promised. Such borrowers are also known as Sub-prime borrowers. Now let’s go back to the year 2008, when all of us observed /witnessed the Global financial crisis, which originated in US because of these Subprime borrowers and this crisis thereafter spilled over in the other markets as well. It created financial crisis throughout the world. Thus a need was felt for more stringent banking regulation worldwide. Now In India what is the need to adopt such norms when we saw our banking system standing firm even during the crisis.

Need for Basel –III in INDIA • Firstly, the most important reason is that as India connects with the rest of the world, and as increasingly Indian banks go abroad and foreign banks come on to our shores, we cannot afford to have a regulatory deviation from global standards. Any deviation will hurt us. • Secondly, if we ought to maintain a low standard regulatory regime this will put Indian banks at a disadvantage in global competition. Therefore, It is becomes important that Indian banks have the cushion provided by this risk management system to withstand shocks from external systems, especially as we deepen our links with the global financial system.

In India, Basel III regulations has been implemented from April 1, 2013 in phases and it will be fully implemented as on March 31, 2019. 15 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

The pillars of BASEL norms: • Capital adequacy requirements • Supervisory review • Market discipline Recommendations of Basel –III • Firstly, Basel -3 recommended that the Capital Adequacy ratio(CAR) be increased to 8% internationally, while in INDIA it is 9%. • Capital Adequacy ratio (CAR), also known as Capital to Risk (weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR), is a ratio of a bank’s capital to its risk. • Capital is the money a bank receives in exchange for issuing shares. This capital is further classified into two – Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. CAR = (Tier 1 capital + Tier 2 capital)/ Risk weighted Assets

Tier 1 Tier 2 It consists of common shares Debts (bond) Preferential Shares Optionally fully convertible debentures These are highly liquid instruments i.e. Less liquid can be sold easily to gather cash

Out of the 9% (of RWA) capital adequacy requirement, 7 % (of RWA) has to be met by Tier 1 capital while the remaining 2%(of RWA) by Tier 2 capital.

Risk weighted assets – Every bank assigns its assets some weight-age based on the risk involved. Thus apply a weight percentage to each of its assets. For example – Lets say a bank lends Rs 100 to a person for home loan and Rs 100 to a person to start a new company. Bank’s total asset = Rs 100 + Rs 100 = Rs 200 Let’s imagine home loan has high probability of being repaid than the loan to person to start a company. i.e. Risk Weight of Home Loan = 50% and Risk Weight of loan for company = 90% Risk Weighted Assets of Bank = 50% of 100 + 90% of 100 = 50 + 90 = Rs 140.So out of total assets worth Rs 200, Rs 140 are risk weighted assets. Bank need 9% of RWA as Capital. Bank need 9% of 140 = Rs 12.6 as Capital. Means, out of Rs 200 that a bank lends, Rs 12.6 must be funded with Capital. Rest, Rs 187.4 can be from the money that bank borrowed. Secondly it also introduces the concept of leverage ratio, it measures the ratio of banks total assets to bank’s capital. Under the new set of guidelines, RBI has set the leverage ratio at 4.5% (3% under Basel III). Leverage Ratio = Capital/Total Asset Concept of leverage – for e.g. - If you have Rs 100 and you invest them and earns a profit of 10% i.e. you have profit of Rs 10 on Rs 100.This is called non leverage profit. Now again you have Rs 100 and you borrow Rs 400 and invest Rs 500, earns a profit of 10% i.e. you earn Rs 50 on your Rs 100. This is called leverage profit. With Higher leverage, Bank’s Profit/Loss = Higher = Higher Risk also! So now leverage ratio of 4.5% means for every Rs bank funds itself with, it can lend up to 22.22 Rs.

Challenges for Its Implementation in India 1. Capital – Since nearly 2.4 lakh crore rupees are required for its implementation in India.

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2. Liquidity - During the global crisis 2008, the apparently strong banks of the world ran into difficulties when the interbank wholesale funding market witnessed a seizure. Thus in Indian context, it would mean an additional burden of maintaining liquidity along with the SLR requirement. 3. Technology - BCBS is in the process of making significant changes in standard approach for computing RWAs for all three risk areas. Banks may need to upgrade their systems and processes to be able to compute capital requirements based on revised standard approach. 4. Skill development - Implementation of the new capital accord requires higher specialized skills in banks. 5. Governance - One can have the capital, the liquid assets and the infrastructure. But corporate governance will be the deciding factor in the ability of a bank to meet the challenges. Strong capital gives financial strength, it cannot assure good performance unless backed by good corporate governance.

Steps Taken by Government - • GOI has allowed banks to access markets to raise capital while maintaining a minimum 52% shareholding. • Govt. also launched a scheme called INDRADHANUSH to revamp PSBs. This scheme seeks to improve the efficiency and functioning of banks thereby reducing the bad assets. And also plans to infuse Rs 70,000 crore in the banking system over next 5 years. • In this regard government also announced two banks as DSIBs i.e. SBI and ICICI, based on the criteria of size, interconnectedness, complexity and substitutability.

Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 – Negotiable instruments are written orders or unconditional promises to pay a fixed sum of money on demand or at a certain time. Negotiable instruments may be transferred from one person to another, who is known as a holder in due course. Upon transfer, also called negotiation of the instrument, the holder obtains full legal title to the instrument. Negotiable instruments may be transferred by delivery or by endorsement and delivery. For e.g. promissory notes, bills of exchange, cheques, drafts, certificates of deposit are all examples of negotiable instruments.

• Cheque - Cheque is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, addressed to a banker, sign by the person who has deposited money with the banker, requiring him to pay on demand a certain sum of money only to or to the order of certain person or to the bearer of instrument." • Bearer Cheque - The bearer cheque is payable to the person specified therein or to any other else who presents it to the bank for payment. However, such cheques are risky, this is because if such cheques are lost, the finder of the cheque can collect payment from the bank. • Order Cheque - It is the one which is payable to a particular person. In such a cheque the word ‘bearer’ may be cut out or cancelled and the word ‘order’ may be written. The payee can transfer an order cheque to someone else by signing his or her name on the back of it. • Crossed cheque - When a cheque is crossed, the holder cannot encash it at the counter of the bank. The payment of such cheque is only credited to the bank account of the payee. Crossed cheque is done by drawing two parallel lines across top left corner of the cheque, with or without writing ‘Account payee’ in the space between the lines. • A self cheque - It is written by the account holder as pay self to receive money in physical form from the branch where he holds his account. This can be alternated by using an ATM card.

Post-dated cheque (PDC) - A PDC is a form of a crossed or account payee bearer cheque but post-dated to meet the said financial payment at a future date. The cheque is valid from the date of issue to three months. • A Banker’s cheque - A banker’s cheque is issued by a bank drawing money from its own funds rather than that from an account holder’s. Banker’s cheque is issued after the bank verifies the account status of the requestor and the amount is immediately deducted from the customer’s account. A banker’s cheque cannot be dishonored as in the case of a normal cheque, when an account holder has insufficient funds in his/her account. Though different from a normal cheque it requires clearing too.

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• Stale Cheque - If a cheque is presented for payment after three months from the date of the cheque it is called stale cheque. A stale cheque is not honoured by the bank.

Demand Drafts A DD is a negotiable instrument similar to a bill of exchange. It is used for effecting transfer of money. A bank issues a DD to a client (Drawer), directing another bank (Drawee) or one its own branches to pay a certain sum to the specified party (Payee) directly without involving the drawing bank after presenting.

Some of the differences between a cheque and a DD are:  A cheque is issued by an individual, whereas a DD is issued by a bank.  The amount mentioned on the DD is collected by the bank from the drawer prior to drawing the DD, whereas the amount mentioned on the cheque is debited only when the cheque is presented for payment.  The payment of cheque can be stopped by the drawer of the cheque, whereas the payment of a DD cannot be stopped.  A cheque can bounce or be dishonoured, but a DD cannot be bounced and dishonored because it is already paid. A DD will bounce only when the drawee bank does not have enough funds to honour the cheque.  A cheque can be made payable either to a bearer or to order. But a DD is always payable to order of certain person or organization, it cannot be a bearer draft

What is RTGS System? RTGS' stands for Real Time Gross Settlement, which can be defined as the continuous (real-time) settlement of funds transfers individually on an order by order basis (without netting). 'Real Time' means the processing of instructions at the time they are received rather than at some later time; 'Gross Settlement' means the settlement of funds transfer instructions occurs individually (on an instruction by instruction basis). Considering that the funds settlement takes place in the books of the Reserve Bank of India, the payments are final and irrevocable.

What is NEFT? National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is a nation-wide payment system facilitating one-to-one funds transfer. Under this Scheme, individuals can electronically transfer funds from any bank branch to any individual having an account with any other bank branch in the country participating in the Scheme.

RTGS Vs NEFT : Thus, we can say that both RTGS and NEFT are schemes started by RBI for the benefit of the customers which allow accounts holders in the banks to electronically transfer the funds intra-bank. In the case of RTGS, settlement in on 'Real Time' basis whereas in case of NEFT the settlement in on batch basis and net basis. There are some other rules, regulations and differences, which we will be discussing below : What are the minimum and maximum amount of remittance under RTGS and NEFT : RTGS Minimum Amount : Rs 2 lakhs Maximum Amount : No upper ceiling NEFT Minimum Amount : No minimum limit Maximum Amount : No upper ceiling

Cheque Truncation System – Cheque Truncation System (CTS) or Image-based Clearing System (ICS), in India, is a project undertaken by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 2008, for faster clearing of cheques. Cheque Truncation System (CTS) is a cheque clearing system undertaken by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for faster clearing of cheques. Truncation is the process of stopping the physical movement of cheques which is replaced by electronic images and associated MICR line of the cheque.

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Advantage of CTS – • Since there is no physical movement of cheques, there is no fear of loss of cheque in transit. • Usage of CTS cheques also means quicker clearance, shorter clearing cycle and speedier credit of the amount to your account. • Depending on whether the cheque is local or outstation, the cheque can get cleared on the same day or within 24 hours. • The biggest advantage is that CTS-compliant cheques are more secure than old cheques and, hence, less prone to frauds. Also, as the system matures, it is proposed to integrate multiple locations and reduce geographical restrictions in cheque clearing.

Small Banks The purpose of the small banks will be to provide a whole suite of basic banking products such as deposits and supply of credit, but in a limited area of operation. The aim of small banks is to increase financial inclusion in the country. The small bank shall be registered as a public limited company under the Companies Act, 2013. Committee on Small Banks - The applications will be analyzed and evaluated by an External Advisory Committee (EAC). The EAC for small banks will be chaired by Usha Thorat, former deputy governor, RBI. RBI granted 'in-principle' approval to the 10 applicants to set up Small Finance Banks. The central bank had received 72 applications for setting up licences. The “in-principle” approval granted will be valid for 18 months to enable the applicants to comply with the requirements under the Guidelines and fulfil other conditions as may be stipulated by the RBI. Key points -  Capital requirement - The minimum paid-up capital requirement for small banks is Rs. 100 crore.  As per the guidelines, the promoters' initial minimum contribution will be at least 40 % of the minimum capital, to be locked in for a period of 5 years.  Small banks will offer both deposits as well as loan products.  They cannot set up subsidiaries to undertake non-banking financial services activities.  The maximum loan size and investment limit exposure to single/group borrowers/issuers would be restricted to 15 per cent of total capital funds.  Loans and advances of up to Rs 25 lakhs, primarily to micro enterprises, should constitute at least 50 per cent of the loan portfolio.  For the first three years, 25 per cent of branches should be in unbanked rural areas.  The foreign shareholding in the bank would be as per the extant FDI policy.  For the initial three years, prior approval will be required for branch expansion.

Payment Banks The main objective of payment banks is to increase financial inclusion in the country via a primary focus on domestic payments services by providing small savings accounts. Payments banks will be used only for transaction and deposits purposes. Unlike small banks, payments banks cannot lend money. RBI granted 'in-principle' approval to 11 Payment Banks applicants- Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 19 August 2015 granted in-principle approval to 11 payment banks applicants under the Guidelines for Licensing of Payments Banks. Committee on Payment Banks - These applications are analyzed and evaluated by an External Advisory Committee (EAC). The EAC Committee for Payment Banks is chaired by Dr. Nachiket Mor, Director, Central Board of the Reserve Bank of India. Key Points:  Capital requirement - The minimum paid-up capital requirement for payments banks is Rs. 100 crore.  The Reserve Bank grants a license for commencement of banking business under Section 22(1) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.  RBI's “in-principle” nod will be valid for a period of 18 months, during which time the applicants have to comply with the requirements under the Guidelines and fulfill the other conditions as may be stipulated by the Reserve bank.

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 As per the guidelines, the promoters' initial minimum contribution will be at least 40 % of the minimum capital, to be locked in for a period of 5 years.  The will need to invest 75 percent of its funds in government securities.  Payments banks can open small savings accounts and accept deposits of up to Rs.1 lakh per individual customer and provide remittance services. Hence, the balance at the close of business on any day should not exceed Rs.1 lakh per customer.  Payments banks can issue debit cards but they are not eligible to provide credit card facilities.  Payments Banks are allowed to set up their own ATMs (automated teller machines).  Payments banks will have to invest in government securities with a maturity of up to 1 year.

What is Retail Banking? Retail banking is also known as Consumer Banking is the delivery of services by a bank to individual consumers, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks. Services offered include savings and transaction accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. In retail banking all the needs of individual customers are taken care of in a well – integrated manner. Retail banking sector is characterized by three basic characteristics • Multiple Products (deposits, credit cards, insurance, investment etc) • Multiple Delivery Channels (call centre, branch, Internet and Kisosk) • Multiple Customer groups (consumer, small business, and corporate). Objectives of Retail Banking - The objective of retail banking is to increase penetration by providing increasing level of services and increased access, by offering value added services to customers by packing with them with retail banking products and services.

What is Inflation? Inflation is as an increase in the price of bunch of Goods and services that projects the Indian economy. An increase in inflation figures occurs when there is an increase in the average level of prices in Goods and services. Inflation happens when there are fewer Goods and more buyers; this will result in increase in the price of Goods, since there is more demand and less supply of the goods.

What is Deflation? Deflation is the continuous decrease in prices of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate becomes negative (below zero) and stays there for a longer period.

GDP The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an estimated value of the total worth of a country’s production and services, within its boundary, by its nationals and foreigners, calculated over the course of one year. Hence, GDP = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Exports – Imports.

GNP The Gross National Product (GNP) is an estimated value of the total worth of production and services, by citizens of a country, on its land or on foreign land, calculated over the course of one year. Hence, GNP = GDP + NR (Net income inflow from assets abroad or Net income Receipts) - NP (Net Payment outflow to foreign assets)

Treasury Bills (T bills) Treasury Bills are instruments of short term borrowing by the Central/State govt. They are promissory notes issued at discount and for a fixed period. At present, the Government of India issues three types of treasury bills through auctions, namely, 91-day, 182-day and 364-day. There are no treasury bills issued by State Governments. Amount - Treasury bills are available for a minimum amount of Rs. 25,000 and in multiples of Rs. 25,000. Treasury bills are issued at a discount and are redeemed at par.

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What is BSBDA? Under the guidelines issued on August 10, 2012 by RBI: “Any individual, including poor or those from weaker section of the society, can open zero balance account in any bank. • BSBDA 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' guidelines are applicable to "all scheduled commercial banks in India, including foreign banks having branches in India". • All the accounts opened earlier as 'no-frills' account should be renamed as BSBDA. Banks are required to convert the existing 'no-frills' accounts’ into 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Accounts'. • The BSBDA should be considered as a normal banking service available to all customers, through branches. • The aim of introducing 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' is very much part of the efforts of RBI for furthering Financial Inclusion objectives.

Certificate of Deposits Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form or as a Usance Promissory Note against funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period. Minimum Size of Issue and Denominations - Minimum amount of a CD should be Rs.1 lakh, i.e., the minimum deposit that could be accepted from a single subscriber should not be less than Rs.1 lakh, and in multiples of Rs. 1 lakh thereafter. Maturity - The maturity period of CDs issued by banks should not be less than, from the date of issue.

Commercial Paper Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market 7 days and not more than one year instrument issued in the form of a promissory note. It was introduced in India in 1990. Corporates, primary dealers (PDs) and the All-India Financial Institutions (FIs) are eligible to issue CP. Minimum & maximum period of maturity prescribed for CP - CP can be issued for maturities between a minimum of 7 days and a maximum of up to one year from the date of issue. However, the maturity date of the CP should not go beyond the date up to which the credit rating of the issuer is valid. Denominations - CP can be issued in denominations of Rs.5 lakh or multiples thereof.

Who can invest in CP? Individuals, banking companies, other corporate bodies (registered or incorporated in India) and unincorporated bodies, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) etc. can invest in CPs. However, investment by FIIs would be within the limits set for them by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) from time-to-time.

Banking Ombudsman Scheme It is a scheme which allows bank customers resolve complaints relating to services rendered by banks. It was introduced under Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 by RBI with effect from 1995. Banking Ombudsman is a senior official appointed by RBI to redress customer complaints against deficiency in certain banking services. All Scheduled Commercial Banks, RRBs & Scheduled Primary Co- Op Banks are covered under the Scheme.

Some aspects related to the Scheme: • No fee is required for filing and resolving customers’ complaints. • The amount, if any, to be paid by the bank to the complainant by way of compensation for any loss suffered by the complainant, is limited to the amount arising directly out of the act or omission of the bank or Rs 10 lakhs, whichever is lower. • The Banking Ombudsman may award compensation not exceeding Rs 1 lakh to the complainant only in the case of complaints relating to credit card operations for mental agony and harassment. • If a complaint is not settled by an agreement within a period of one month, the Banking Ombudsman proceeds further to pass an award. • If one is not satisfied with the decision passed by the Banking Ombudsman, one can approach the appellate authority against the Banking Ombudsman’s decision. The Appellate Authority is vested with a Deputy Governor of the RBI.

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• If one is aggrieved by the decision, one may, within 30 days of the date of receipt of the award, appeal against the award before the appellate authority.

3 gold schemes launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched three gold related schemes- (i) Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS), (ii) Gold Sovereign Bond Scheme and the (iii) Gold Coin and Bullion Scheme India has surpassed as the world's largest gold consumer, buying 562 tonnes of yellow metal so far this year, against China's 548 tonnes Scheme highlights - • Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS), 2015 - The GMS will replace the existing Gold Deposit Scheme, 1999. However, the deposits outstanding under the Gold Deposit Scheme will be allowed to run till maturity unless the depositors prematurely withdraw them. Few things to know about the scheme – Who can make deposit under the scheme – • Resident Indians (individuals, HUF, trusts, including mutual funds/exchange traded funds registered under Sebi norms) can make deposits under the scheme. • Minimum Limit - The minimum deposit at any one time will be raw gold (bars, coins, jewellery excluding stones and other metals) equivalent to 30 grams of the precious metal of 995 fineness. • Maximum limit - There is no maximum limit for deposit under the scheme and the metal will be accepted at the Collection and Purity Testing Centres (CPTC) certified by the Bureau of Indian Standards. • Interest Rate - Gold Monetisation Scheme can earn up to 2.50 per cent interest rate on their idle gold. Note: Interest rate on Medium and Long Term Government Deposit (MLTGD) are 2.25 per cent and 2.20 per cent, respectively.

Tenor The tenor of medium term would be between 5-7 years while long term would for 12-15 years tenure. • Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme – Few things to know about the scheme • Instead of buying gold in physical form investors can park their money in bonds which are backed by gold. The bonds will be available both in demat and paper form. • Sovereign Gold Bond has more or equal advantage against the physical gold. The bond will be issued by RBI on behalf of the Government of India. • Maximum Limit - The bond would be restricted for sale to resident Indian entities and the maximum allowable limit is 500 grams per person per year. • Rate per gram - The RBI has fixed the public issue price of sovereign gold bonds at Rs 2,684 per gram. • Denominations - These bonds will be issued in denominations of 5, 10, 50 and 100 grams of gold or other denominations. • Know-your-customer (KYC) norms will be the same as that for purchase of physical gold. KYC documents such as Voter ID, Card/PAN or TAN /Passport will be required. • Gold coins and Bullion Scheme - The coins will be available in denominations of 5 and 10 grams. A 20 gram bar or bullion will also be available. About 15,000 coins of 5 gm, 20,000 coins of 10 gm and 3,750 gold bullions will be made available through MMTC outlets.

Different Types of Bank Accounts Normally there are 4 types of deposits account in Bank which are – (1) Saving Account (2) Current Account (3) Recurring Account

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(4) Fixed Deposit Account Saving Bank Account - Savings account are basically for individuals and small businesses. You may Rs.1000 today, you may deposit Rs.1000 today. Tomorrow you may require Rs.5000, you may withdraw Rs.5000 tomorrow. Similarly a grocery shop owner may deposit Rs.10000 today & in need he may withdraw Rs.5000 tomorrow. This is not for large businesses. These accounts can be opened individually or jointly or by Hindu undivided family, there is a system invoked that is known as Hindu undivided family (the head of the family will operate the account). • Another important point is, this is normally intended for person above 18 years of age but person b/w 10 to 18 years can also open individually without guardian but with some restrictions. Minor accounts i.e below 10 years accounts has to be opened with guardian only.

Salient Features of Saving Bank Account – • Saving Bank account is basically for individuals and small businesses. • The objective of saving bank account is to promote savings. • The rate of interest payable is very nominal on saving accounts. • Minimum Balance – (varies from bank to bank) – Normally Rs. 500 (without cheque book facility) • Normally Rs. 1000 (with cheque book facility) • Some banks like – HDFC, ICICI Bank - allow premium savings a/c deposits with minimum balance of Rs. 5000 or Rs. 10000. • Bank offer zero balance accounts previously known as No – frills accounts / BSBDA and now under PMJDY Note: • If you go to some bank like ICICI or HDFC they may specify 10000/- min. balance in a metropolitan area, 5000/- in small towns, 2000/- in rural areas. So the min. balance may differ. • If minimum balance is not maintained banks may impose penalty.

What is Regulation and De-Regulation? From 25 Oct 2011 the interest rate of Saving Account is deregulated by RBI. • If somebody (RBI) is controlling then it is regulation, if you (banks) are controlling i.e deregulation. • Note: Banks are free to decide interest rate on Savings bank a/c deposits. • From 1st April 2010 interest on SA is calculated on daily basis taking into account minimum balance available. Interest on SA is around 4%. Current Account - Are for big businesses, companies and institutions such as school, colleges etc., a big business do lot many transactions across the country. Since there are restriction on number of withdrawals from saving bank account, this type of account is not suitable for them. They need to have an account from which withdrawal can be made any no. of times. Salient Features of Current Account – • Firms & companies are eligible to open account. • Current bank accounts are operated to run a business. • It is a non-interest bearing bank account. • No limit on either the number of transactions or the maximum amount of transactions • Overdraft facility (short term loan facility) is available • It needs a higher minimum balance to be maintained as compared to the savings account.

Difference b/w Saving & Current Account –

Saving Bank Account Current Bank Account Bank pays interest on daily basis Bank does not pay any interest on current account. Restriction on the number and amount of There is no restriction on the number and amount of withdrawals withdrawals

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SA can be opened by individuals, small Current Accounts are for big businesses, companies and businesses and students, etc. institutions, etc. Nomination facility is available for SA Nomination facility is normally not available for CA deposits. deposits.

Note: Now CA & SA together are known as demand deposit, since they are payable on demand. Suppose you need Rs.5000 today you withdraw Rs.5000 today. • CASA RATIO – The Ratio of the deposits in the form of Current Account & Saving Account to the total deposits is known as CASA Ratio (normally expressed in %). More CASA ratio banks are in the safe zone. ICCI, AXIS, HDFC & SBI have CASA Ratio more than 40%. • Fixed Deposit and Recurring Deposit - these deposits are TIME deposits (as for specified agreed period b/w you and the bank). In these deposits interest paid by the bank is slightly higher than CA & SA. It’s like “sabar ka fal mitha hota hai”. Note: If you are depositing the money for 1 year you will get the money after 1 year. But if you withdraw before the agreed period i.e before 1 year, you have to pay penalty. Cheque book facility is not available for time deposits. Salient Features of FD – • FIXED DEPOSIT can be operated for a tenure ranging from 7 days to 10 years in Indian banking system. • Not payable on demand and do not enjoy cheque facility. • Interest rates will be slightly higher for senior citizens (60 + years of age) • Premature withdrawal of the deposits is possible, but it attracts penalty at the rates varying from 0.5% to 1.5% • If the deposits are Rs. 1 Crore or more, they come under bulk deposits and interest rates may vary further. • Loan facility is available on principal as well as on interest. But in FD you have to pay income tax . If your interest income exceeds Rs. 10000 banks will deduct TDS (Tax diretionate source) i.e banks itself will deduct income tax. • Recurring Deposit – Recurring Deposit is a special kind of Term Deposit offered by banks in India which help people with regular incomes to deposit a fixed amount every month into their Recurring Deposit account and earn interest at the rate applicable to Fixed Deposits. • The main objective of recurring deposit account is to develop regular savings habit among the public. Salient Features of RD – • In India, minimum amount that can be deposited is Rs.10 at regular intervals. • The period of deposit is minimum six months and maximum ten years. (Minimum tenure varies banks to banks. Some banks allow minimum tenure in RD for 3 months.) • Minimum balance can be deposited under RD is Rs. 500 per month and thereafter in multiples of Rs 100/- • The rate of interest is higher.

Banking Abbreviations

ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in KCC Kisan Credit Card. . ACF Auto Correlation Function. KMB . ACS Automated Clearing Systm. KVB . AD Authorized Dealer. KYC Know Your Customer. ADB Asian Development Bank. LAB Local Area Bank. ADR American Depository Receipt. LAF Liquidity Adjustment Facility. AEPS Aadhaar Enabled Payments Switch. LDB Land Development Bank. AFS Annual Financial Statement. LIBOR London Inter Bank Offered Rate. AGM Annual General Meeting. MIBOR Mumbai Inter Bank Offer Rate. AIC Agricultural Insurance Company. NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development.

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ASSOCHAM Associated Chambers of Commerce and NAS National Account Statistics. Industry of India. AMFL Association of Mutual Funds in India. NAV Net Asset Value. AML Anti Money Laundering. NBC Non Banking Companies. ALM Asset Liability Management. NBFC Non Banking and Finance companies. ATM Automated Teller Machine. NEFT National Electronic Funds Transfer System. BCSBI Banking Codes and Standards Board of NFA No Frills Account. India. BIS Bank for International Settlements. NFC Non Banking Finance Companies. BOB Bank of Baroda. NHB . BOI Bank of India. NIB Nordic Investment Bank. BOP Balance of Payments. NPA Non Performing Assets. BOR Bank of . NPS National Pensions Scheme. BOT Build,Operate and Transfer. NSE National Stock Exchange. BR Act Banking Regulations Act, 1949. OMO Open Market Operations. BSCS Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. OTP One Time Password. BSR Basic Statistical Returns. PGS Payment Gateway System. BSE . RBI Reserve Bank Of India. BSR Basic Statistical Returns. RBS . BIS Bank for International Settlements. RRB . CA Chartered Accountant. RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement System. CAD Capital Account Deficit. SCB Scheduled Commercial Bank. CAG Controller and Auditor General. SCC Selective Credit Control. CAG Controller and Auditor General of India. SEPA Single Euro Payment Area. CAR Cash Adequacy Ratio. SEBI Security Exchange Board Of India. CB Canara Bank. SHGs Self Help Groups. CBS Core Banking Solution. SIDBI Small Industries and Development Bank of India. CDB Caribbean Development Bank. SLR Statutory Liquidity Ratio. CDBS Committee of Direction on Banking SPNS Shared Payment Network System. Statistics. CDS Credit Default Swap. SWIFT Society For World Wide Inter Bank Financial Telecommunication. CEPA Comprehensive Economic Partnership ULIP Unit Linked Insurance Plan. Management. CFRA Combined Finance and Revenue Accounts. UCB Urban Cooperative Bank. CGRA Currency and Gold Revaluation Account. UEBA Universal Electronic Bank Account. CIBIL Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited. UIDAI Unique Identification Authority of India. CPI Consumer Price Index. ULIP Unit Linked Insurance Policies. CRAR Capital To Risk Weighted Asset Ratio. UPIN Unique Property Identification Numbers. CRMD Credit Risk Management Department. USB Ultra Small Branch. CRR Cash Reserve Ratio. USD Dollar. CTI Country Threat Index. VDBS Vertically Differentiated Banking System.

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COB Corporation Bank. WBCIS Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme. CUB WL ATM White Label ATM. DTAA Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement. WPFI World Press Freedom Index. ECB External Commercial Borrowings. WPI Wholesale Price Index. ECS Electronic Clearing System. KCC Kisan Credit Card. EEFC Exchange Earner’s Foreign Currency. KMB Kotak Mahindra Bank. ELSS Equity Linked Saving Scheme. KVB Karur Vysya Bank. EADB East African Development Bank. KYC Know Your Customer. EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and LAB Local Area Bank. Development. EIB European Investment Bank. LAF Liquidity Adjustment Facility. EXIM Export Import Bank of India. LDB Land Development Bank. FCA Foreign Currency Assets. LIBOR London Inter Bank Offered Rate. FCCB Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds. MIBOR Mumbai Inter Bank Offer Rate. FCNRA Foreign Currency Non resident Account. NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development. FDI Foreign Direct Investment. NAS National Account Statistics. FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act. NAV Net Asset Value. FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of NBC Non Banking Companies. Commerce and Industry. FII Foreign Institutional Investor. NBFC Non Banking and Finance companies. FIMMDA Fixed Income Money Markets and NEFT National Electronic Funds Transfer Derivatives Association. System. FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board. NFA No Frills Account. FPI Foreign Portfolio Investment. NFC Non Banking Finance Companies. FTA Free Trade Agreement. NHB National Housing Bank. GDP Gross Domestic Product. NIB Nordic Investment Bank. GDR Global Depository Receipt. NPA Non Performing Assets. GFD Gross Fiscal Deficit. NPS National Pensions Scheme. GIRO Government Internal Revenue Order. NSE National Stock Exchange. GAAR General Anti Avoidance Rule. OMO Open Market Operations. HDFC Housing Development Finance OTP One Time Password. Corporation. IADB Inter American Development Bank. PGS Payment Gateway System. IBPS Institute of Banking Personnel Selection. RBI Reserve Bank Of India. IBRD International Bank For Reconstruction And RBS Royal Bank of Scotland. Development. ICA Indian Council of Agricultural Research. RRB Regional Rural Bank. ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement System. Corporation of India. IDB Islamic Development Bank. SCB Scheduled Commercial Bank. IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India. SCC Selective Credit Control. IDR Indian Depository Receipts. SEPA Single Euro Payment Area. IIB International Investment Bank. SEBI Security Exchange Board Of India. IIBF Indian Institute of Banking and Finance. SHGs Self Help Groups. IRR Internal Rate Of Return. SIDBI Small Industries and Development Bank of India.

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IMD India Millennium Deposits. SLR Statutory Liquidity Ratio. IMF International Monetary Fund. SPNS Shared Payment Network System. IMPS Immediate Mobile Payment System. SWIFT Society For World Wide Inter Bank Financial Telecommunication. IOB Indian Overseas Bank. ULIP Unit Linked Insurance Plan. IPO Initial Public Offering. UCB Urban Cooperative Bank. IRBI Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India. UEBA Universal Electronic Bank Account.

STATIC GK TORNADO

Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana : is a rural development programme broadly focusing upon the development in the villages which includes social development, cultural development and spread motivation among the people on social mobilization of the village community.

List of few important villages adopted by MPs

 Narendra Modi has adopted Nagepur village his constituency Varanasi ().  Y. S. Chowdary has adopted Ponnavaram village in Krishna district (Andhra Pradesh).  Sonia Gandhi adopted Udwa village in her constituency Rae Bareli (Uttar Pradesh).  Rahul Gandhi adopted Deeh village in his constituency Amethi (Uttar Pradesh).  V. K. Singh adopted Mirpur Hindu in his constituency Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh).  Ahmed Patel adopted Vandari village in Rajpipada(Gujarat).  Sachin Tendulkar adopted Puttamraju vari Kandriga(P.R.Kandriga) a village near Gudur in Nellore (Andhra Pradesh).  Harish Dwivedi adopted Amodha Khas village in Basti(Uttar Pradesh).  Smt. Sushma Swaraj has adopted Aajnas village in Dewas (Madhya Pradesh)

Indian railways: Indian Railways owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. Indian Railways is divided into 17 zones, which are further sub-divided into divisions. There are a total of sixty-eight divisions.

Railway Zones Abbr. Zone Headquarters Railway Divions Northern Railway NR Delhi Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow NR, Moradabad North Eastern NER Gorakhpur Izzatnagar, Lucknow NER, Varanasi Railway Northeast Frontier NFR Guwahati Alipurduar, Katihar, Rangiya, Lumding, Tinsukia Railway Eastern Railway ER Kolkata Howrah,Sealdah,Asansol,Malda Eastern SER Kolkata Adra,Chakradharpur,Kharagpur,Ranchi Railway South Central Railway SCR Secunderabad Secunderabad,Hyderabad,Vijayawada,Guntakal,Gu ntur, Nanded Southern Railway SR Chennai Chennai,Tiruchirappalli, Madurai,Palakkad, Salem, Thiruvananthapuram Central Railway CR Mumbai Mumbai, Bhusawal,Pune,Solapur, Nagpur Western Railway WR Mumbai Mumbai WR,Ratlam,Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar,Vadodara

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South Western SWR Hubballi Hubballi,Bengaluru, Mysuru, Railway North Western NWR Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner,Jodhpur Railway West Central Railway WCR Jabalpur Jabalpur, Bhopal, Kota North Central Railway NCR Allahabad Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi South East Central SECR Bilaspur Bilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur Railway East Coast Railway ECoR Bhubaneswar Khurda Road, Sambalpur,Waltair East Central Railway ECR Hajipur Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur Konkan Railway KR CBD Belapur, Navi ,Ratnagiri Mumbai

List of Highest, Longest, Biggest in India & World

Highest Mountain in India Kangchenjunga Coldest continent Highest Mountain in world Mt. Everest Longest river in India Ganga Highest rainfall Mawsynram, Longest river in World Nile Meghalaya, India Highest waterfall Angel Falls Longest coastline of India Gujrat Biggest forest in world Amazon Biggest country Biggest forest in India Van Vihar national Park Biggest continent Largest & Deepest ocean Pacific

List of Gardens in India

Hanging Gardens Mumbai Jallianwala Bagh Amritsar Brindavan Garden Mysore Kalindi Kunj NCR Rock Garden Chandigarh Indian Botanical Garden Howrah Lodi Gardens Delhi Lal Bagh Garden Bangalore Pinjore Gardens Panchkula Lloyds Botanical Garden Darjeeling Shalimar Bagh Kashmir Law Garden Ahmedabad Rock Garden Darjeeling Mughal Garden New Delhi Nishat Bagh Srinagar Nishat Bagh Kashmir Company Garden Allahabad Shalimar Garden Jammu Kashmir Lal Bagh Bangalore Shalimar Garden New Delhi Tulip Garden Srinagar Botanical Garden Ooty Sarita Udyan Gandhinagar Gulab Bagh (Sajjan Niwas Udaipur Garden) Chambal Garden Kota Sim Park Tamilnadu Chashme Shahi Garden Kashmir The Jawaharlal Nehru Near gangtok Botanical Garden

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List of Sea Port & Location

Sea Port Name Location Sea Port Name Location

Chennai Port or Madras Port Chennai, Madras Mormugao Port Goa Haldia (Kolkata Dock System & Kolkata Mumbai Port West Mumbai, Haldia Dock Complex) Maharashtra Jawaharlal Nehru Port, also known Maharashtra,South Panaji Panaji Goa as Nhava Sheva Mumbai Kamarajar Port or Ennore Port Ennore, Chennai Paradip Jagatsinghpur, Odisha Kandla Port Gujarat, Gulf of Tuticorin Port (now Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu Kutch called V.O.Chidambaram Port) Kochi Port or Cochin Port Kochi, Kerala Visakhapatnam Port Andhra Pradesh

List of Important National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of India

Assam Kaziranga National Park Amchang WLS Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Chakrashila WLS Manas National Park Dihing Patkai WLS Nameri National Park East Karbi Anglong WLS Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park North Karbi Anglong WLS Nambor WLS

Bihar

Valmiki National Park Pant (Rajgir) WLS Gautam Budha WLS Valmiki WLS Kaimur WLS

Chhatisgarh

Indravati National Park Bhairamgarh WLS Kanger Valley National Park Bhoramdev WLS Guru Ghasi Das (Sanjay) Udanti Wild Buffalo WLS Badalkhol WLS

Goa Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) National Park Netravali WLS Bondla WLS Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) WLS Madei WLS

Gujarat

Gir National Park & Sasan Gir Sanctuary Kutch Desert WLS Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar Mitiyala WLS Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch Porbandar Lake WLS

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Bansda National Park Rampara Vidi WLS Jambugodha WLS Ratanmahal WLS Jessore WLS Thol Lake WLS Wild Ass WLS

Haryana

Kalesar National Park N Khaparwas WLS Sultanpur National Park Kalesar WLS Bhindawas WLS

Himachal Pradesh

Pin Valley National Park Daranghati WLS Great Himalayan National Park Dhauladhar WLS Inderkilla National Park Nargu WLS Khirganga National Park Pong Dam Lake WLS Simbalbara National Park Shilli WLS Bandli WLS Talra WLS Daranghati WLS

Jammu & Kashmir

Dachigam National Park Gulmarg WLS Hemis National Park Limber WLS Kishtwar National Park Nandini WLS Salim Ali National Park Dachigam National Park

Jharkhand

Betla National Park Palkot WLS Lawalong WLS Parasnath WLS

Karnataka

Dandeli National Park Bhadra WLS Nagarhole National Park Bhimgad WLS Bandipur National Park Brahmagiri WLS Bannerghatta National Park Cauvery WLS Kudremukh National Park Nugu WLS Anshi national park Pushpagiri WLS Arabithittu WLS Ranganathittu Bird WLS Attiveri WLS Sharavathi Valley WLS Someshwara WLS

Kerala

Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary Pampadum Shola National Park Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary Aralam WLS Eravikulam National Park Chimmony WLS Mathikettan Shola National Park Idukki WLS

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Silent Valley National Park Malabar WLS Anamudi Shola National Park Mangalavanam Bird WLS Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary Neyyar WLS Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary Periyar WLS

Madhya Pradesh

Bandhavgarh National Park Bori WLS Pench National Park Gandhi Sagar WLS Kanha National Park Ghatigaon WLS Panna National Park Ken Gharial WLS Madhav National Park Narsighgarh WLS Mandla Plant Fossils National Park National Chambal WLS Pench National Park Orcha WLS Sanjay National Park Kuno WLS Satpura National Park Sardarpur WLS Van Vihar national park Son Gharial WLS

Maharastra

Sanjay Gandhi National Park Tipeshwar WLS Chandoli National Park Jaikwadi WLS Navegaon National Park Koyana WLS Tadoba National Park Nagzira WLS Gugamal national park Painganga WLS Aner Dam WLS Radhanagari WLS Bhamragarh WLS Sagareshwar WLS Bhimashankar WLS Tungareshwar WLS Great Indian Bustard WLS

Manipur Keibul Lamjao National Park Yangoupokpi-Lokchao WLS

Meghalaya Balphakram National Park

Mizoram Murlen National Park Pualreng WLS Phawngpui Blue National Park Tokalo WLS Mountain National Park Nokrek National Park Dampa WLS (TR) Baghmara Pitcher Plant WLS Ngengpui WLS Nongkhyllem WLS

Nagaland Intanki National Park Puliebadze WLS Fakim WLS Rangapahar WLS

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Odisha Similipal National Park Chilika (Nalaban) WLS Bhitarkanika National Park Hadgarh WLS Badrama WLS Khalasuni WLS Baisipalli WLS Satkosia Gorge WLS

Punjab Abohar WLS Jhajjar Bacholi WLS Harike Lake WLS

Rajasthan Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary/ Bharatpur National Park Jawahar Sagar WLS Sariska National Park Kailadevi WLS Ranthambore National Park Mount Abu WLS Darrah National Park Ramsagar WLS Desert National Park Sawai Man Singh WLS Bundh Baratha WLS Shergarh WLS Darrah WLS Sitamata WLS

Sikkim Khangchendzonga National Park Maenam WLS Fambong Lho WLS Pangolakha WLS Kitam WLS (Bird)

Tamil Nadu Mudumalai National Park Karaivetti WLS Mukurthi National Park Karikili WLS Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) National Park Mudumalai WLS Guindy National Park Pulicat Lake WLS Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park Vaduvoor WLS Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) WLS Vedanthangal WLS Kalakad WLS Vettangudi WLS

Tripura Bison(Rajbari) National Park Rowa WLS Clouded Leopard National Park Sepahijala WLS Gumti WLS Trishna WLS

Uttarakhand Rajaji National Park Binsar WLS Jim Corbett National Park Govind Pashu Vihar WLS Gangotri National Park Kedarnath WLS Valley of Flowers National Park Sonanadi WLS Askot Musk Deer WLS

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Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa National Park Sur Sarovar WLS Hastinapur WLS Chandraprabha WLS Ranipur WLS National Chambal WLS Sohagibarwa WLS

West Bengal Sunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary Buxa National Park Haliday Island WLS Neora Valley NationalPark Lothian Island WLS Singalila National Park Mahananda WLS Ballavpur WLS

List of State, Nuclear Power Station & Thermal Power Station

State Nuclear Power Station Thermal Power Station Andhra Pradesh  Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant  Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah Thermal Power Station Assam  Bongaigaon Thermal Power Plant Bihar  Barauni Thermal Power Station  Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Station Chhattisgarh  Korba Super Thermal Power Plant  Sipat Thermal Power Plant  Bhilai Expansion Power Plant  (iv) Hasdeo Thermal Power Station Gujarat Kakrapar Nuclear power station  Mundra (TPP)  Ukai Thermal Power Station  Sikka Thermal Power Station  (iv) Akrimota Thermal Power Station Gorakhpur Atomic Power Station  Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station  (ii) Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Station Himachal Pradesh  Girinagar Hydel Project  Binwa Hydel Project  Rangtong Hydel Project  Baner and Neugal Project Jharkhand  Patratu Thermal Power Station  Bokaro Thermal Power Station  Chandrapura Thermal Power Station  (iv) Koderma Thermal Power Station Kaiga Nuclear power station  Udupi Thermal Power Plant  Bellary Thermal Power station  (iv) Raichur Thermal Power Station Kerala  Brahmapuram Power Station 33 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

 (ii) Kayamkulam Power Station Madhya Pradesh  Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station  Sant Singaji (TPP)  Satpura Thermal Power Station  Amarkantak Thermal Power Station  (v) Sasan Ultra Mega Power Project Maharashtra  Tarapur Atomic power station  Tirora (TPP)  (ii) Jaitapur Nuclear Power  Amravati (TPP) Project  Chandrapur Super (TPP)  (iv) Khaperkheda Thermal Power Station Nagaland Dikhu Hydro Electric Power Plant Odisha  Talcher Super Thermal Power Station  Hirakud Captive Power Plant Punjab Guru Gobind Singh Super Thermal Power Plant Rajasthan Rawatbhata  Chhabra (TPP)  Suratgarh Power Station Sikkim Rangit Hydro Electric Power Prject Tamil Nadu  Kundakulam Nuclear Power  Mettur Theral Power Station Plant  Neyveli Thermal  Kalpakkam  Tuticorin Thermal Power Station Tripura Palatana Thermal Power Plant Uttar Pradesh Narora Atomic Power Station  Rihand Thermal Power Station  Singrauli Super Thermal Power Station  Anpara Thermal Power Station  Obra Thermal Power Station  Rosa (TPS)  Panki (TPS)  Chibro Power Plant  Khodri Power Plant  Chilla Power Plant West Bengal Durgapur Thermal Power Station

List of Famous Places - Famous Names, Cities and Aliases Famous names Cities Famous names Cities Golden City Amritsar Pink City Jaipur Manchester of India Ahmedabad Gateway of India Mumbai

City of Seven Islands Mumbai Twin City Hyderabad, Secunderabad Queen of Arabian Sea Cochin City of Festivals Madurai Space City Bangalore Deccan Queen Pune Garden City of India Bangalore City of Buildings Kolkata Silicon Valley of India Bangalore Dakshin Ganga Godavari Electronic City of India Bangalore

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List of State, River and Dam State River Dam Uttarakhand Bhagirathi Tehri Dam Himachal Pradesh Sutlej Bhakra Dam Kerala Periyar Idukki arch Dam Uttarakhand Yamuna Lakhwar Dam Gujarat Narmada Sardar Sarover Dam Telangna/Andhra Pradesh Krishna Srisailam Dam Punjab Raavi Ranjit Sagar Dam Jammu & Kashmir Chenab Baglihar Dam Telangna/Andhra Pradesh Krishna Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Jammu & Kashmir Chenab Salal Dam Maharashtra Koyna Koyna Dam Uttar Pradesh Rihand Rihand Dam Gujarat Tapi Ukai Dam Madhya Pradesh Narmada Indira Sagar Dam Jammu & Kashmir Suru Chutak Hydroelectric Power plant (Kargil district) Jammu & Kashmir Sindhu Nimoo Bazgo Hydroelectric (Leh district) Power plant Jammu & Kashmir Jhelum Uri Dam (Baramula district) Tamil Nadu Mettur Dam Odisha Mahanadi Hirakud Dam Rajasthan Chambal Jawahar Sagar Dam Rajasthan Chambal Rana Pratap Sagar Dam Uttarakhand Bhagirathi Koteshwar Dam Madhya Pradesh Chambal Gandhi Sagar Dam Madhya Pradesh Narmada Omkareshwar Dam Kerala (idukki district) Periyar Mullaperiyar Dam

List of Revolution and Field Revolution Field Black Revolution Petroleum Production Blue Revolution Fish Production Brown Revolution Leather/nonconventional(India)/Cocoa production Golden Fiber Revolution Jute Production Golden Revolution Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production Green Revolution Food grains Grey Revolution Fertilizer Pink Revolution Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production Red Revolution Meat & Tomato Production Round Revolution Potato Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton

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Silver Revolution Egg/Poultry Production White Revolution (In India : Milk/Dairy production Operation Flood) Yellow Revolution Oil Seeds production Evergreen Revolution Overall development of Agriculture

List of State, Folk Dance and Classical Dance

State Folk Dance Classical Dance Andhra Pradesh Changu Kuchipudi Assam Bihu Bihar Chhau Gujarat Garba Jammu and Kashmir Dumhal Rauf Kerala Padayani Kathakali Karnataka Dollu Kunitha Maharashtra Lavani Madhya Pradesh Gaur Manupur Manipuri Odisha Changu Odissi Punjab Bhangra Rajasthan (i) Gair (ii) Ghoomar Tamil Nadu Karagam Bharat Natyam Uttar Pradesh Kathak West Bengal Chhau

List of State, Monuments and Temples State Monuments Temples Andhra Pradesh (i) Srisailam Temple (ii) Tirupathi Temple Assam (i) Kamakhya Temple (ii) Sukresvara Temple Bihar Mahabodhi Temple Delhi (NCT) (i) Humayun’s Tomb (ii) The Red Fort (iii) Qutub Minar (iv) Lotus Temple (v) Janatar Mantar Gujarat Somnath Temple Haryana Markandeshwar Temple Jammu and Kashmir Dal Lake Amarnath Temple Kerala Sabrimala Temple Maharashtra Siddhivinayak Temple Odisha Konark Temple 36 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Punjab Darbar Sahib – Amritsar Golden Temple Rajasthan (i) Hawa Mahal – Jaipur Birla Mandir (ii) Mehrangarh Fort – Jodhpur (iii) Jal Mahal – Jaipur Tamil Nadu (i) Meenakshi Temple (ii) Brihadeeswarar Temple Telangana Salar Jung Museum – Hyderabad Uttar Pradesh Taj Mahal – Agra West Bengal Victoria Memorial - Kolkata

List of National and International Water Falls

India Water Falls International Water Falls Odisha Barehipani Falls Venezuela Angel Goa Dudhsagar Falls Venezuela Kukenaam Meghalaya Nohkalikai Falls USA Ribbon Meghalaya Langshiang Falls Tugela Karnataka or Gersoppa falls Australia Wollomombi (Plunge waterfalls) Karnataka Guaria Karnataka Lushington Falls or or Niagara Keppa Jog falls Karnataka Sivasamudram Falls Zimbabwe Victoria Karnataka Kunchikal Falls (Tiered waterfalls) Jharkhand Hundru Falls Madhya Pradesh Kapildhara Falls

List of Airport, City and State

Airport City State Veer Savarkar International Airport Port Blair Andaman and Nicobar Islands Visakhapatnam Airport Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Guwahati Assam Airport Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi Delhi Goa International Airport Goa Goa Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport Ahmedabad Gujarat Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru Karnataka International Airport Mangalore Karnataka Cochin International Airport Kochi Kerala Calicut International Airport Kozhikode Kerala Trivandrum International Airport Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport Mumbai Maharashtra Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Nagpur Maharashtra Airport 37 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Tulihal Airport Imphal Manipur Biju Patnaik International Airport Bhubaneswar Odisha Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport Amritsar Punjab Jaipur International Airport Jaipur Rajasthan Chennai International Airport Chennai Tamil Nadu Coimbatore International Airport Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Tiruchirapalli International Airport Tiruchirapalli Tamil Nadu Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport Varanasi Uttar Pradesh Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Kolkata West Bengal Airport

Important Boundary Lines

 Durand Line is the line demarcating the boundaries of and Pakistan. It was drawn up in 1896 by Sir Mortimer Durand.  Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to this line in 1917 during World War I.  Mason-dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United States.  Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification built by along its border with Germany before World War II, to protect its boundary from German attack.  Mannerheim Line is the line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by General Mannerheim.  Macmahon Line was drawn up by Sir. Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India and China. China did not recognize the MacMahon line and crossed it in 1962.  Medicine Line is the border between Canada and the United States.  Order-neisse Line is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Order and Beisse rivers, adopted at the poland Conference (August 1945) after  Radcliffe Line was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boundary between India and Pakistan.  Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.  17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before the two were united.  24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This, however, is not recognized by India.  is a circle of which croses through Africa, Australia and .  is a line of latitude that Stands one-third of the way between the and the .  is a which cuts through the southeren United States, parts of , parts of the Middle East, and China.  35th Parallel north forms the boundary between the State of North Carolina and the State of and the boundary between the State of Tennessee arid the State of Georgia the State of , and the State of .  36030’ Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tennessee and Commonwealth of between the Tennessee River and the , the boundary between Missiouri and 38 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Arkansas west of the White River, and the northernmost boundary between the and the .  formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.  38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and .  39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of the ’s equatorial plane.  40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.  41th Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of with and and the southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and .  forms most of the - Pennsylania Border.  43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South Dakota and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.  The Parallel 440 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth’s equatorial plane.  is often called the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The  45th parallel makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming. 45th parallel of south latitude is the east-west line that marks the theoretical halfway point between the equator and the South Pole.  49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada

List of International Stadiums and Place

India Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Feroz Shah Kotla Ground Delhi Himachal Pradesh Cricket Dharamshala Association Stadium Brabourne Stadium Mumbai M Chinnaswamy Stadium Bangalore Green Park Stadium Kanpur M.A. Chidambaram Stadium Chennai Wankhede Stadium Mumbai Sawai Mansingh Stadium Jaipur Barabati Stadium Cuttack Punjab Cricket Association Mohali Stadium Eden Gardens Kolkata Green Park Stadium Kanpur

Australia

Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Adelaide Oval Adelaide Marrara Cricket Ground Darwin Bundaberg Rum Cairns Melbourne Cricket Ground Melbourne Telstra Dome Melbourne Sydney Cricket Ground Sydney Manuka Oval Canberra W.A.C.A. Ground Perth Bangladesh

Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place 39 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Bangabandhu National Dhaka Chittagong Stadium Chittagong Stadium

England Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Edgbaston Birmingham St Lawrence Ground Canterbury Headingley Leeds The Brit Oval London Lord's London Trent Bridge Nottingham Old Trafford Manchester Sophia Gardens Cardiff

New Zealand

Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Basin Reserve Wellington John Davies Oval Queenstown

Eden Park Auckland McLean Park Napier Jade Stadium Christchurch

Pakistan Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Arbab Niaz Stadium Peshawar Gaddafi Stadium Lahore Ayub National Stadium Quetta

South Africa

Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Kingsmead Durban St George's Park Port Elizabeth New Wanderers Centurion Super Sport Pretoria Stadium Park Newlands Cape Town

Sri Lanka

Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Colombo Cricket Club Colombo R.Premadasa Stadium Colombo Ground Galle International Galle Sinhalese Sports Club Colombo Stadium Ground P.Saravanamuttu Colombo Stadium

West Indies

Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Sabina Park Kingston Jamaica Kensington Oval Barbados Bridgetown Antigua Recreation Antigua Mindoo Phillip Park St Lucia Ground St John's Castries Guyana Cricket Stadium Guyana Albion Sports Complex Guyana Georgetown Berbice

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Zimbabwe

Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Bulawayo Athletic Club Bulawayo Kwekwe Sports Club Kwekwe Harare Sports Club Harare Queens Sports Club Bulawayo

United Arab Emirates

Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place Sheikh Zayed Stadium Abu Dhabi Sharjah Cricket Stadium Sharjah

List of Awards & their fields

1. Bharat Ratna: It is the highest civilian award of the India. The award was given for outstanding achievements in the arts, literature, science and public services but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavor". The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year. 2. Nobel Prize : The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics. 3. Saraswati Samman (Literature): The award was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages. 4. Jnanpith award (Literature): The award was instituted in 1961 and it is It is presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the newspaper The Times of India. It is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages. 5. Vyas Samman (Literature): Vyas Samman is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation in recognition of the Hindi literary work published in past 10 years. 6. Bihari Puraskar (Literature): Bihari Puraskar is a literary award instituted by K. K. Birla Foundation. The award is named after the famous Hindi poet Bihari and is awarded to an outstanding work published in Hindi or Rajasthani by a Rajasthani writer. 7. Moorti Devi Award (Literature): The Moortidevi Award is an annual literary award in India presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith organization for a work which emphasizes Indian philosophy and culture. 8. Booker Prize (Literature): It is an annual award for the best original novel, written in the English language, and published in the UK literary award 9. Dadasaheb Phalke Award (Cinema/Films): The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in cinema. It is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organisation set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 10. Arjuna Award: Outstanding performance from the sportspersons in sports and games.The Government has modified the format of Arjuna Award very recently and as per the revised schematic guidelines a sportsperson must have very good consistent performances for the previous 3 years at the international level to be considered as eligible for the Award. 11. Dronacharya Award: Eminent coaches of any particular sport.The award is named after the very famous archery coach, mentioned in the epic of India known as the Mahabharata. This very award is not related with the sportspersons who are still playing in the field; instead this is related to those eminent coaches of any particular sport. 12. Dhyan Chand Award: The award that is given to the veteran sportspersons of India for their lifetime achievement in their respective field of sport is named as the Dhyan Chand Award for Life Time Achievement in Sports and Games.

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13. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award: The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is the highest honour bestowed to a sportsperson for his/her achievements in India. 14. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (Science & Technology): The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (SSB) is a science award in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry, environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and Physics. 15. Kalinga Prize (Science): The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO for exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people. 16. Pulitzer Prize (Journalism): The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. 17. Abel Prize (Mathematics): The Abel Prize is an international prize awarded annually by the Government of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians. 18. Grammy Award (Music): A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. 19. Stirling Prize (Architecture): The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in architecture. 20. Aga Khan Award (Architecture): The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary design, social housing, community development and improvement. 21. Pritzker Prize (Architecture): The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living architect.

List of Banks, Headquarter and Tagline

Banks Headquarter Tagline Allahabad Bank Kolkata A Tradition of Trust Andhra Bank Hyderabad Where India Banks Bank of Baroda Vadodara India’s International Bank Bank of India Mumbai Relationship beyond Banking Bank of Maharashtra Pune Ek parivaar Ek Bank Bharatiya Mahila Bank Limited New Delhi Empowering Women, Empowering India Canara Bank Bangalore Together We Can Central Bank of India Mumbai Central to You Since 1911 Corporation Bank Mangalore Prosperity for all Dena Bank Mumbai Trusted Family Bank Indian Bank Chennai Your Own Bank Indian Overseas Bank Chennai Good People to Grow With Oriental Bank of Commerce New Delhi Where Every Individual is Committed Punjab National Bank New Delhi The Name You can Bank Upon Punjab & Sind Bank New Delhi Where Service is a way of Life State Bank of India Mumbai The Banker to Every Indian Syndicate Bank Manipal Faithful and Friendly Union Bank of India Mumbai Good People to Bank with United Bank of India Kolkata The Bank that begins with U 42 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

UCO Bank Kolkata Honours your Trust Vijaya Bank Bangalore A Friend you can Bank upon IDBI Bank Ltd Mumbai Bank aisa dost jaisa

List of Internation Organization, Headquarter & President/ G.Sec.

International Organizations Headquarter President/ General Secretary Asian Infrastructure Investment Beijing, China Jin Liqun Bank (AIIB) New Development Bank (BRICS Shanghai, China K.V. Kamath Development Bank) Asian Development Bank (ADB) Manila, Philippines Takehiko Nakao International Monetary Fund Washington DC, US Christine Lagarde (IMF) World Bank Washington DC, US Jim Yong Kim United Nations Organization (UN) New York, US Ban Ki – moon United Nations Children’s Fund New York, US Sven Jurgenson (UNICEF) United Nations Populations Fund New York, US Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin (UNFPA) United Nations Conference on Geneva, Switzerland Mukhisa Kituyi Trade & Development (UNCTAD) World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland Margaret Chan (WHO) World Economic Forum Geneva, Switzerland Klaus Schwab International Labour Organisation Geneva, Switzerland Guy Ryder (ILO) World Trade Organisation Geneva, Switzerland Roberto Azevedo World Meteorological Geneva, Switzerland Petteri Taalas Organisation (Secretary-General) World Intellectual Property Geneva, Switzerland Francis Gurry Organisation International Committee of the Geneva, Switzerland Peter Maurer Red Cross United Nations Education Paris, France Irina Bokova Scientific & Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Organisation for Economic Paris, France Jose Angel Gurria Cooperation & Development (OECD) United Nations Industrial Vienna, Austria Li Yong Development Organisation (UNIDO) International Atomic Agency Vienna, Austria Yukiya Amano Organisation of Petroleum Vienna, Austria Diezani Alison-Madueke Exporting Countries (OPEC) 43 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Amnesty International London, UK Salil Shetty International Maritime London, UK Koji Sekimizu Organisation Commonwealth of Nations London, UK Head - Queen Elizabeth II Secretary-General-Kamalesh Sharma South Asian Association for Kathmandu, Arjun Bahadur Thapa (Secretary- Regional Cooperation (SAARC) General) Association of South East Nations Jakarta, Indonesia Le Loung Minh (ASEAN) Asia Pacific Economic Singapore Dr. Alan Bollard Cooperation (APEC) North Atlantic Treaty Brussels, Belgium Jens Stoltenberg Organisation (NATO) (Secretary-General) International Cricket Council (ICC) Dubai, UAE Zaheer Abbas Food & Agricultural Organisation , José Graziano da Silva (FAO) International Court of Justice The Hague, The Netherland Ronny Abraham International Olympic Committee Lausanne, Switzerland Thomas Bach The Fédération Internationale de Zurich, Switzerland Sepp Blatter Football Association (FIFA) The Organization for the The Hague, The Netherlands Ahmet Üzümcü Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) World Wide Fund for Nature Avenue du Mont-Blanc, Gland, Yolanda Kakabadse (WWF) Vaud, Switzerland

List of State, Capital, Governor & Chief Minister

State Capital Governor Chief Minister Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad (Proposed Shri E. S. Lakshmi Shri. Nara Chandrababu Capital Amaravati) Narasimhan Naidu Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Shri V. Shanmuganthan Shri Pema Khandu Assam Dispur Shri Banwarilal Purohit Shri Sarbananda Sonowal Bihar Patna Shri Ram Nath Kovind Shri Nitish Kumar Chhattisgarh Raipur Shri Balram DasTandon Dr. Raman Singh Delhi (NCT) Shri Arvind Kejriwal Goa Panaji Smt. Mridula Sinha Shri Laxmikant Parsekar Gujarat Gandhinagar Shri Om Prakash Kohli Shri Vijay Rupani Haryana Chandigarh Prof. Kaptan Singh Shri Manohar Lal Solanki Himachal Pradesh Shimla Shri Acharya Dev Vrat Shri Virbhadra Singh Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar (summer), Shri N. N. Vohra Mehbooba Mufti Sayeed Jammu (winter) Jharkhand Ranchi Shrimati Droupadi Shri Raghubar Das Murmu 44 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Karnataka Bengaluru Shri Vajubhai Vala Shri Siddaramaiah Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Shri Justice (Retd.) Shri Pinarayi Vijayan Palaniswamy Sathasivam Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Shri Om Prakash Kohli Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan Maharashtra Mumbai Shri Chennamaneni Shri Devendra Fadnavis Vidyasagar Rao Manipur Imphal Dr. Najma A. Heptulla Shri Okram Ibobi Singh Meghalaya Shillong Shri V. Shanmuganthan Dr. Mukul Sangma Mizoram Aizawl Lt. General (Retd.) Shri Lal Thanhawla Nirbhay Sharma Nagaland Kohima Shri Padmanabha Shri. T R Zeliang Balakrishna Acharya Odisha Bhubaneswar Dr. S. C. Jamir Shri Naveen Patnaik Puducherry (UT) Shri. V. Narayanasamy Punjab Chandigarh Shri V. P. Singh Badnore Shri Parkash Singh Badal Rajasthan Jaipur Shri Kalyan Singh Smt. Vasundhara Raje Sikkim Gangtok Shri Shriniwas Shri Pawan Kumar Dadasaheb Patil Chamling Tamil Nadu Chennai Shri Ch. Vidyasagar Rao O Panneerselvam Telangana Hyderabad Shri E.S Lakshmi Shri K Chandrasekhar Narasimhan (Add. Rao Charge) Tripura Agartala Shri Tathagata Roy Shri Manik Sarkar Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Shri Ram Naik Shri Akhilesh Yadav Uttarakhand Dehradun Dr. Krishan Kant Paul Shri Harish Rawat West Bengal Kolkata Shri Keshari Nath Km. Mamata Banerjee Tripathi

List of Union Territory, Capital and Chief Minister/Governor

Union Territory Capital Chief Minister/ Governor Delhi Arvind Kejriwal Pondicheerry (Puducherry) Dr. Kiran Bedi, IPS, (Retd.) (Lieutenant Governor) Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair Prof. Jagdish Mukhi (Lieutenant Governor) Chandigarh Shri.V.P. Singh Badnore (Administrator) Daman & Diu Daman Shri Praful Patel (Administrator) Dadar & Nagar Haveli Silvasa Shri Madhup Vyas, IAS (Administrator) Lakshadweep Kavaratti Shri Farooq Khan, IPS (Retd.) (Administrator)

List of All Cabinet Ministers

Cabinet Ministers Ministries

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Shri Raj Nath Singh Minister of Home Affairs Sushma Swaraj Minister of External Affairs Shri Arun Jaitley Minister of Finance and Minister of Corporate Affairs Minister of Urban Development, Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Venkaiah Naidu Alleviation and Minister of Information and Broadcasting Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari Minister of Road Transport and Highways; and Minister of Shipping Shri Manohar Parrikar Minister of Defence Shri Suresh Prabhu Minister of Railways Shri D V Sadananda Gowda Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation Sushri Uma Bharati Minister of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Shri Ramvilas Paswan Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Shri Kalraj Mishra Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Maneka Sanjay Gandhi Minister of Women and Child Development Shri Ananthkumar Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers; and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs Minister of Law and Justice and Minister of Electronics and Information Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad Technology Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda Minister of Health and Family Welfare Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati Minister of Civil Aviation Shri Anant Geete Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Harsimrat Kaur Badal Minister of Food Processing Industries Shri Narendra Singh Minister of Rural Development; Minister of Panchayati Raj; and Minister of Tomar Drinking Water and Sanitation Shri Chaudhary Birender Singh Minister of Steel Shri Jual Oram Minister of Tribal Affairs Shri Radha Mohan Singh Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment Smriti Zubin Irani Minister of Textiles Harsh Vardhan Minister of Science and Technology and Minister of Earth Sciences Shri Prakash Javadekar Minister of Human Resource Development

List of Sports and Trophies/Cups

Sports Trophies/ Cups 46 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Ashes Cup, Asia Cup, C.K. Naidu Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy, Jawharlal Nehru Cup, Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Cricket Rohinton Barcia Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Singer Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy. Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, Aga khan Cup, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Hockey Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc, Stanley Cup Rovers Cup, Bandodkar Trophy, Merdeka Cup, Confederation cup, DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, B. C. Raj Trophy (National Championship), FIFA world Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Football Santosh Trophy, IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Cup, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy, UEFA Champions League Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Badminton Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara Cup, Malaysian Open, Thomas Cup (men) Uber Cup (women) Table Tennis Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men), Bama Belleck Cup Davis Cup, Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US Open, Heineken Lawn Tennis Cup Golf Augusta Masters, British Open, US Maters Horse Racing Derby Rowing Wellington trophy

List of Sports and Terminology

Sports Terminology Badminton Deuce, Smash, Drop, Let, Game, Love, Double Fault. Baseball Pitcher, Strike, Diamond, Bunting, Home, Put Out. Billiards Jigger, Break, Scratch, Cannons, Pot, Cue, In Baulk, In Off. Boxing Jab, Hook, Punch, Knock-out, Upper cut, Kidney Punch. Bridge Revoke, Ruff, Dummy, Little Slam, Grand Slam, Trump, Diamonds, Tricks. Chess Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Check. Cricket LBW, Maiden over, Rubber, Stumped, Ashes, Hat-trick, Leg Bye, Follow on, Googly, Gulley, Silly Point, Duck, Run, Drive, No ball, Cover point, Leg Spinner, Wicket Keeper, Pitch, Crease, Bowling, Leg-Break, Hit – Wicket, Bouncer, Stone-Walling. Football Dribble, Off-Side, Penalty, Throw-in, Hat-Tick, Foul, Touch, Down, Drop Kick, Stopper Golf Hole, Bogey, Put, Stymie, Caddie, Tee, Links, Putting the green. Hockey Bully, Hat-Trick, Short corner, Stroke, Striking Circle, Penalty corner, Under cutting, Scoop, Centre forward, Carry, Dribble, Goal, Carried. Horse Racing Punter, Jockey, Place, Win, Protest. Lawn Tennis Volley, Smash, Service, Back-hand-drive. Rifle Shooting Bull's eyes. Swimming Stroke. 47 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

List of Country, Capital, Currency, President and Prime Minister

Asia Country Capital Currency President Prime Minister Kabul Afghan afghani Ashraf Ghani Afghanistan Ahmadzai Manama Bahraini dinar Khalifa bin Salman Bahrain Al Khalifa Dhaka Bangladeshi taka Abdul Hamid Sheikh Hasina Bangladesh Wazed Thimphu Bhutanese Tshering Tobgay Bhutan ngultrum, Indian rupee Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian riel Hun Sen China Beijing Renminbi Tsai Ing-wen Li Keqiang Cyprus [] Nicosia Euro Nicos Anastasiades Tbilisi Georgian lari Giorgi Georgia [Europe] Margvelashvili Indonesia Jakarta Indonesian rupiah Joko Widodo Tehran Iranian rial Hassan Rouhani Baghdad Iraqi dinar Fuad Masum Haider al-Abadi Jerusalem Israeli new shekel Reuven Rivlin Benjamin Netanyahu Tokyo Japanese yen Shinzo Abe Astana Kazakhstani tenge Nursultan Bakytzhan Nazarbayev Abdirovich Sagintayev Bishkek Kyrgyzstani som Almazbek Sooronbay Atambayev Jeenbekov Vientiane Lao kip Bounnhang Thongloun Laos Vorachith Sisoulith Beirut Lebanese pound Michel Aoun Saad Hariri Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysian ringgit Najib Razak Maldives Male Maldivian rufiyaa Abdulla Yameen Ulaanbaatar Mongolian togrog Tsakhiagiin Chimed Elbegdorj Saikhanbileg Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw Burmese kyat Htin Kyaw Kathmandu Nepalese rupee Bidhya Devi Pushpa Kamal Nepal Bhandari Dahal North Korea Pyongyang North Korean won Pak Pong-ju Muscat Omani rial Qaboos bin Said Al Oman Said Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani rupee Mamnoon Hussain Nawaz Sharif Philippines Manila Philippine peso Rodrigo Duterte

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Doha Qatari riyal Abdullah bin Qatar Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani Salman bin Riyadh Saudi riyal Abdulaziz Al Saud South Korea Seoul South Korean won Park Geun-hye Hwang Kyo-ahn Sri Sri Lankan rupee Maithripala Ranil Sri Lanka Jayawardenepura Sirisena Wickremesinghe Kotte, Colombo Damascus Syrian pound Bashar al-Assad Imad Khamis Taiwan Taipei New Taiwan dollar Dushanbe Tajikistani somoni Emomali Rahmon Kokhir Rasulzoda Thailand Bangkok Thai baht Prayut Chan-o-cha [Europe] Ankara Turkish lira Ashgabat Gurbanguly Turkmenistan manat Berdimuhamedow Abu Dhabi United Arab Khalifa bin Zayed Al Mohammed bin United Arab Emirates dirham Nahyan Rashid Al Emirates Maktoum Tashkent Uzbekistani som Islam Karimov Shavkat Mirziyoyev

South American Countries

Country Capital Currency President Prime Minister Buenos Aires Peso Mauricio Macri Sucre Bolivian boliviano Juan Evo Morales - Bolivia Ayma Brazil Brasilia Brazilian real Michel Temer - Santiago Chilean peso Michelle Bachelet Bogota Colombian peso Juan Manuel - Colombia Santos Quito United States Rafael Correa - Ecuador Dollar Asuncion Paraguayan Horacio Cartes - Paraguay guarani Lima Sol Pedro Pablo Fernando Zavala Peru Kuczynski Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan peso Tabare Vazquez Venezuela Caracas Venezuelan bolivar Nicolas Maduro North American Countries Country Capital Currency President Prime Minister Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar - Perry Christie 49 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

Bridgetown Barbadian dollar Freundel Jerome Barbados Stuart Bermuda Hamilton Bermudian dollar Carol Bassett Ottawa Canadian dollar Justin Pierre James Canada Trudeau Havana Cuban peso, Cuban Raul Castro - Cuba convertible peso Jamaica Kingston Jamaican dollar - Andrew Holness Mexico City Mexican peso Enrique Pena Nieto - Managua Nicaraguan Jose Daniel Ortega - Nicaragua cordoba Saavedra Panama City United States Juan Carlos Varela - Dollar, Rodriguez Panama Panamanian balboa Trinidad and Port of Trinidad and Anthony Thomas Keith Christopher Tobago Tobago dollar Aquinas Carmona Rowley Washington, D.C. United States Barack Obama(The - Dollar president-elect is Donald Trump, United States whose term of office will commence January 20, 2017.)

European Countries Country Capital Currency President Prime Minister Tirana Albanian lek Bujar Faik Nishani Edi Rama Vienna Euro Heinz Fischer - Austria GColIH Minsk Belarusian ruble Aleksandr Andrei Belarus Grigoryevich Vladimirovich Lukashenko Kobyakov City of Brussels Euro Charles Y.J.Gh. Belgium Michel Sofia Bulgarian lev Rosen Asenov Boyko Metodiev Plevneliev Borisov Zagreb Croatian kuna Kolinda Grabar- Andrej Plenkovic Kitarovic Czech Republic Prague Czech koruna Milos Zeman Bohuslav Sobotka Copenhagen Danish krone Lars Løkke Denmark Rasmussen Finland Helsinki Euro Sauli Niinisto Juha Petri Sipila Paris Euro, CFP franc François Gérard Bernard Cazeneuve France Georges Nicolas Hollande

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Berlin Euro Joachim Gauck Angela Dorothea Germany Merkel (Chancellor) Athens Euro Prokopios Alexis Tsipras Pavlopoulos Budapest Hungarian forint Janos Ader Viktor Mihaly Hungary Orban Reykjavik Icelandic krona Guoni Th. Sigmundur Davio Iceland Johannesson Gunnlaugsson Dublin Euro Michael Daniel Enda Kenny Ireland Higgins Italy Rome Euro Sergio Mattarella Paolo Gentiloni Latvia Riga Euro Raimonds Vejonis Maris Kucinskis Vilnius Euro Dalia Grybauskaite Algirdas Lithuania Butkevicius Luxembourg Luxembourg City Euro Xavier Bettel Valletta Euro Marie Louise Joseph Muscat Malta Coleiro Preca Monaco Monaco Euro Netherlands Amsterdam Euro Mark Rutte Norway Oslo Norwegian krone Erna Solberg Warsaw Polish zloty Andrzej Sebastian Beata Szydlo Poland Duda Lisbon Euro Marcelo Rebelo de Antonio Luis Sousa Santos da Costa Bucharest Romanian leu Klaus Werner Dacian Julien Ciolos Romania Iohannis Moscow Russian ruble Vladimir Dmitry Russia Vladimirovich Anatolyevich Putin Medvedev

African Countries Algiers Dinar Abdelaziz Bouteflika Abdelmalek Sellal Luanda Angolan kwanza Jose Eduardo dos Angola Santos Yaounde Central African Paul Biya Philemon Yang Cameroon CFA franc Egyptian pound Abdel Fattah al-Sisi Addis Ababa Ethiopian birr Mulatu Teshome Hailemariam Ethiopia Desalegn Gambia Banjul Gambian dalasi Yahya Jammeh Accra Ghanaian cedi John Dramani Ghana Mahama Kenya Nairobi Kenyan shilling Uhuru Kenyatta Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Libyan dinar Fayez al-Sarraj

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Antananarivo Malagasy ariary Hery Olivier Mahafaly Rajaonarimampianina Solonandrasana Bamako West African CFA Ibrahim Boubacar Modibo Keita Mali franc Keïta Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee Ameenah Gurib Anerood Jugnauth Rabat Moroccan dirham Abdelilah Benkirane Metical Filipe Nyusi Carlos Agostinho do Rosário Windhoek Namibian dollar, Hage Geingob Saara South African Kuugongelwa rand Abuja Abuja Nigerian naira Muhammadu Buhari Kigali Rwandan franc Paul Kagame Anastase Rwanda Murekezi Seychelles Victoria Seychellois rupee Danny Faure Freetown Sierra Leonean Ernest Bai Koroma Sierra Leone leone Mogadishu Somali shilling Hassan Sheikh Omar Abdirashid Somalia Mohamud Ali Sharmarke Pretoria, Cape South African Jacob Zuma South Africa Town, rand Bloemfontein Juba South Sudanese Salva Kiir Mayardit South Sudan pound Sudan Khartoum Sudanese pound Omar al-Bashir Tanzania Dodoma Tanzanian shilling John Magufuli Kassim Majaliwa

List of Important Dates – National & International

January

9th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas ( NRI Day) 10th World Hindi Day/ World Laughter Day 12th National Youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand) 15th Army Day 18th National Immunization Day (Polio Day) 23rd National Day of Patriotism 24th National Girl Child Day 25th National Voters Day 26th India’s Republic Day/ International Customs day 27th International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust 28th Birth Anniversary Lala Lajpat Rai 30th Death Anniversary Mahatma Gandhi (Martyrs’ / Sarvodaya Day) 30th World Leprosy Eradication Day

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February

1st Feb Indian Coast Guard Day 2nd Feb World Wetland Day 4th Feb World Cancer Day 6th Feb International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation 10th Feb National Deworming Day 13th Feb World Radio Day 20th Feb World Day of Social Justice 21st Feb International Mother Language Day 24th Feb Central Excise Day 28th Feb National Science Day

March

1st Zero Discrimination Day 3rd World Wildlife Day, National Defence Day National Security Day (Rashtriya Suraksha Diwas),World Day of Fight Against Sexual 4th Exploitation. 8th International Women’s Day 10th Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Raising Day 12th World Kidney Day 13th World Rotaract Day 14th Pi Day 15th World Consumer Rights Day 18th Ordnance Factories’ Day 20th World Sparrow Day, International Day of Happiness 21st International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 21st World Poetry Day, International Day of Nowruz 21st International Day of Forests, World Down Syndrome Day 22nd World Water Day 23rd World Meteorological Day 24th World Tuberculosis Day International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave 25th Trade 27th World Theatre Day 28th Earth Hou

April

4th April International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action 6th April International Day of Sport for Development and Peace 7th April World Health Day 11th April National Safe Motherhood Day 2015 12th April International Day of Human Space Flight 17th April World Hemophilia Day 18th April World Heritage Day 21st April National Civil Services Day

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22nd April World Earth Day 23rd April World Book and Copyright Day, English Language Day 24th April National Panchayati Day 25th April World Malaria Day 26th April World Intellectual Property Day (World IP Day) 28th April World Day for Safety and Health at Work 29th April World Dance Day, Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare

May

1st May International Labour Day 3rd May World Press Freedom Day, International Sun Day ,International Energy Day May 04 Coal Miners Day(Intl.), International Firefighters’ Day 1st (Tue) 1st (Tue)World Asthma Day takes place each year on the first Tuesday in May. 1st (Sun) 1st (Sun) World Laughter Day May 05 World Athletics Day, World Midwives Day May 06 World No Diet Day May 08 World Red Cross Day, Remembrance and Reconciliation for Lost Lives of Second World War May 09 World Thalassaemia Day May 10 International Migratory Bird Day May 11 National technology day May 12 International Nurses Day May 13 International Criminal Court Day May 15 International Day of the Families May 17 World Tele-communication and Information Society Day,Wold AIDS Vaccination day, World Hypertension Day, International day against Homophobia and Transphobia May 18 World Museum Day May 20 World Meteorology Day May 21 National Anti Terrorism Day, National Day for Cultural Development May 22 International Day for Biological Diversity May 24 Commonwealth Day May 25 World Missing Childrens day May 29 International Day of Peacekeepers May 31 World Anti Tobacco Day

June

June 1 World Milk Day June 4 World Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression June 5 World Environment Day June 8 World Brain Tumor Day, World Oceans Day June 12 World Day Against Child Labor June 14 World Blood Donor Day June 15 World elder abuse awareness day 3rd (Sun) World Father’s Day June 16 International Integration Day June 18 International Picnic Day June 20 World Refugee Day 54 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

June 21 World Music Day June 23 International Olympic Day, United Nations Public Service Day, International Widows Day June 26 International Day against Drug abuse and Illicit Trafficking, International Day in support of Victims of torture

July

July 1 International Joke Day, World Doctor’s Day July 2 World Sports Journalists Day, World UFO day 1st International Day of Cooperatives July 06 World Zoonoses Day July 07 World Chocolate Day July 11 World Population Day July 12 International Malala Day July 18 International Nelson Mandela Day July 26 Kargil Vijay Diwas or Kargil Memorial Day or Kargil Victory Day July 28 World Nature Conservation Day, World Hepatitis Day July 29 International Tiger Day

August First International Friendship Day (Sun) 6-Aug Hiroshima Day, Anti Nuclear Day 8-Aug World Senior Citizen Day 9-Aug Nagasaki Day, International Day of the World’s Indigenous People, Quit India Day 12-Aug International Youth Day 13-Aug International Left Handers Day 14-Aug Pakistan’s Independence Day 15-Aug India’s Independence Day, International Mourning Day 19-Aug World Humanitarian Day, World Photography Day National Sadbhavna Divas or Birthday of Rajiv gandhi, World Mosquito Day, Indain Akshay 20-Aug Urja Diwas National Senior Citizen Day , International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its 21-Aug Abolition 23-Aug National Sports Day or Dhyanchand's Birthday 29-Aug International day of the victims of enforced Disappearances 30-Aug International Friendship Day

September

2-Sep World Coconut Day 5-Sep National Teacher’s Day or Dr. Radhakrishanan's Birth Day, Sanskrit Day 7-Sep World Forgiveness Day 8-Sep World Literacy Day 10-Sep World Anti-Suicide Day 14-Sep Hindi Diwas or Hindi Day, World First Aid Day 15-Sep International Day of Democracy, International Engineer’s Day 16-Sep World Ozone Day 55 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

20-Sep RPF Foundation day World Peace Day or International day for Peace and Non-violence (UN), World Alzheimer’s 21-Sep Day 22-Sep World Cancer Free Day or Rose Day 23-Sep International Day of the Deaf 26-Sep World Contraception Day, 27-Sep World Tourism Day 28-Sep World Rabies Day 29-Sep World Heart Day

October

1st(Mon) World Habitat Day 1-Oct World Vegetarian Day, International Day of the older/Elderly 2-Oct Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence 3-Oct World Nature Day 4-Oct World Animal Day 5-Oct World Teacher’s Day 6-Oct World Wildlife Day 8-Oct Indian Air Force Day 9-Oct World Postal or Post-office Day 10-Oct World Mental Health Day, National Post-office Day 11-Oct International Day of the Girl Child 2nd(Thu) World Sight Day 12-Oct World Arthritis Day 13-Oct International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction 14-Oct World Standards Day 15-Oct Global Hand Washing Day, International Day of Rural Women, World White Cane Safety Day 16-Oct World Food Day 17-Oct International Poverty Day for it's Eradication 20-Oct World Osteoporosis Day, World Statistics Day, National Solidarity day 24-Oct UN Day, World Development Information Day, World Polio Day 27-Oct World day for Audio Visual Heritage 28-Oct International Animation Day 31-Oct World Savings Day or World Thrift day, Halloween Day

November

1-Nov World Vegan Day International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed 6-Nov Conflict 7-Nov Infant Protection Day, World Cancer Awareness Day 8-Nov World Radiology Day 9-Nov World Legal Service Day 10-Nov World Science day for Peace and Development, Public Transport Day 11-Nov National Education Day 12-Nov World Pneumonia Day, Public Service Broadcasting Day 13-Nov World Kindness Day 56 gradeup.co/banking-insurance

14-Nov Children’s Day(India), World Diabetes Day 16-Nov International Day for Endurance or Tolerance 17-Nov International Students Day, Gurunanak Dev's Birth Anniversary, National eplilepsy day 19-Nov World Toilet Day, International Men’s Day, National Integration Day 20-Nov Universal Children’s Day 3rd (SUN) World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims 3rd (Thu) World Philosophy Day , World Vegan Day 21-Nov World Fisheries Day, World Hello Day, World Television Day 25-Nov International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, World Non-Veg day 26-Nov National Law Day or National constitution Day 30-Nov National Flag Day

December 1-Dec World AIDS Day 2-Dec World Computer Literacy Day, International Day for the Abolition of Slavery 3-Dec International Day of People with Disability or World Disability Day 4-Dec Indian Navy Day 5-Dec International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development 7-Dec International Civil Aviation Day, Indian Armed Force Flag Day 9-Dec The International Anti-Corruption Day 10-Dec World Human Rights Day, International Children's Day of Broadcasting 11-Dec International Mountain Day, UNICEF Day 14-Dec National Energy Conservation Day(India) 16-Dec Vijay Diwas 18-Dec International Migrants Day, National Minority Rights Day 19-Dec Goa’s Libration Day 20-Dec International Human Solidarity Day 23-Dec National Farmer’s Day or Kisan Diwas 25-Dec Good Governance day

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