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OFR21 a Guide to Fossil Sharks, Skates, and Rays from The
STATE OF DELAWARE UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE DELAWARE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN FILE REPORT No. 21 A GUIDE TO FOSSIL SHARKS J SKATES J AND RAYS FROM THE CHESAPEAKE ANU DELAWARE CANAL AREA) DELAWARE BY EDWARD M. LAUGINIGER AND EUGENE F. HARTSTEIN NEWARK) DELAWARE MAY 1983 Reprinted 6-95 FOREWORD The authors of this paper are serious avocational students of paleontology. We are pleased to present their work on vertebrate fossils found in Delaware, a subject that has not before been adequately investigated. Edward M. Lauginiger of Wilmington, Delaware teaches biology at Academy Park High School in Sharon Hill, Pennsyl vania. He is especially interested in fossils from the Cretaceous. Eugene F. Hartstein, also of Wilmington, is a chemical engineer with a particular interest in echinoderm and vertebrate fossils. Their combined efforts on this study total 13 years. They have pursued the subject in New Jersey, Maryland, and Texas as well as in Delaware. Both authors are members of the Mid-America Paleontology Society, the Delaware Valley Paleontology Society, and the Delaware Mineralogical Society. We believe that Messrs. Lauginiger and Hartstein have made a significant technical contribution that will be of interest to both professional and amateur paleontologists. Robert R. Jordan State Geologist A GUIDE TO FOSSIL SHARKS, SKATES, AND RAYS FROM THE CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL AREA, DELAWARE Edward M. Lauginiger and Eugene F. Hartstein INTRODUCTION In recent years there has been a renewed interest by both amateur and professional paleontologists in the rich upper Cretaceous exposures along the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Delaware (Fig. 1). Large quantities of fossil material, mostly clams, oysters, and snails have been collected as a result of this activity. -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition. -
Uvalas and Their Relationship to Sinkholes in an Evaporite Karst Setting, Dead Sea Eastern Shore, Jordan
Uvalas and their relationship to sinkholes in an evaporite karst setting, Dead Sea eastern shore, Jordan R. A. Watson (1), E. P. Holohan (1), D. Al-Halbouni (2), H. Alrshdan (3), D. Closson (4), & T. Dahm (2) (1) UCD School of Earth (2) GFZ-Potsdam, (3) Ministry of Energy and (4) SkyMap Global Ltd, Sciences, Ireland Germany Mineral Resources, Jordan Singapore What is an uvala? • Enclosed karst depressions: › Doline (sinkhole) › Uvala Increasing size Doline: Slieve Carran, Burren, Co. Clare Area: 0.012 km2 › Polje Uvala: Aillwee Hill, Burren, Co. Clare • Depth/Diameter ratios: Area: 0.4 km2 › Doline: ~ 0.1 › Uvala: ~ 0.01 • Proposed formation mechanisms for uvalas: Photo source: Aerpas › Surface dissolution Polje: Carran, Burren, Co. Clare Flood conditions Area: 9 km2 › Coalescence of sinkholes › Subsidence Photo source: Colin BuncePhoto source: GSI Dead Sea evaporite karst: → Also hosts depressions on multiple scales → Form in 10 years, not 10000 years! Fundamental Research Questions 1) How do sinkholes and uvalas interrelate in space and time? 2) What is the mechanism of uvala formation? 3) How do these karst landforms relate to subsurface hydrology? The Dead Sea: a natural laboratory for sinkhole studies... The Dead Sea: a natural laboratory for sinkhole studies... The Dead Sea is a terminal lake: needs inflow to sustain sea level! River Jordan Western Shore Data from Avni et al., 2016 Zukim Quane Samar Lisan Mineral Beach Peninsula 1972 1998 2011 Ein Gedi Mazor Hever Asa’el Ze’elim Lynch Str. Ghor Al- Haditha sinkhole 10 km area Nasa -
Western Ghats
Western Ghats From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Sahyadri" redirects here. For other uses, see Sahyadri (disambiguation). Western Ghats Sahyadri सहहदररद Western Ghats as seen from Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu Highest point Peak Anamudi (Eravikulam National Park) Elevation 2,695 m (8,842 ft) Coordinates 10°10′N 77°04′E Coordinates: 10°10′N 77°04′E Dimensions Length 1,600 km (990 mi) N–S Width 100 km (62 mi) E–W Area 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) Geography The Western Ghats lie roughly parallel to the west coast of India Country India States List[show] Settlements List[show] Biome Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Geology Period Cenozoic Type of rock Basalt and Laterite UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name: Natural Properties - Western Ghats (India) Type Natural Criteria ix, x Designated 2012 (36th session) Reference no. 1342 State Party India Region Indian subcontinent The Western Ghats are a mountain range that runs almost parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, located entirely in India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity in the world.[1][2] It is sometimes called the Great Escarpment of India.[3] The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called Konkan, along the Arabian Sea. A total of thirty nine properties including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests were designated as world heritage sites - twenty in Kerala, ten in Karnataka, five in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.[4][5] The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapti river, and runs approximately 1,600 km (990 mi) through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending at Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India. -
Recent Advances in Karst Research: from Theory to fieldwork and Applications
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 24, 2021 Recent advances in karst research: from theory to fieldwork and applications MARIO PARISE1,2*, FRANCI GABROVSEK3, GEORG KAUFMANN4 & NATASA RAVBAR3 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy 2National Research Council, IRPI, Bari, Italy 3Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU, Titov trg 2, Postojna, Slovenia 4Institute of Geological Sciences, Geophysics Section, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Karst landscapes and karst aquifers, which are composed of a variety of soluble rocks such as salt, gypsum, anhydrite, limestone, dolomite and quartzite, are fascinating areas of study. As karst rocks are abundant on the Earth’s surface, the fast evolution of karst landscapes and the rapid flow of water through karst aquifers present challenges from a number of different perspec- tives. This collection of 25 papers deals with different aspects of these challenges, including karst geology, geomorphology and speleogenesis, karst hydrogeology, karst modelling, and karst hazards and management. Together these papers provide a state-of-the-art review of the current challenges and solutions in describing karst from a scientific perspective. Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license. Karst describes the slow work of dissolution exerted effective water resource management is especially by water, enriched with carbon dioxide, on soluble crucial, such as England, northern and southern rocks such as carbonates, evaporites and halite France, parts of Germany, central Italy, eastern (White 1988; Ford & Williams 2007; Palmer Spain and large parts of the Mediterranean. -
Dinaric Karst Poljes Nature Conservation and Rural Development
DINARIC KARST POLJES NATURE CONSERVATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Edited by: Peter Sackl, Stefan Ferger, Nermina Sarajlić, Dražen Kotrošan & Goran Topić Sarajevo, 2019 Contents I. Preface 5 Dinaric karst poljes – Jewels of the Western Balkans Tobias Salathé 6 Dinaric karst poljes – a look into the future Dražen Kotrošan & Nermina Sarajlić II. Karst poljes as wetlands of national and international importance - Worskhop proceedings and projects results 9 Spatial protection of Livanjsko polje in the framework of the UNEP/GEF project: Achieving biodiversity conservation through creation, effective management and spatial designation of protected areas and capacity building Maja Jaćimovska 17 The role of local breeds for the preservation of the ecosystems of karst pasture areas Gordan Šubara, Ida Štoka & Ante Ivanković 27 Dinaric karst poljes and their importance for mycobiota Neven Matočec, Nedim Jukić, Nihad Omerović & Ivana Kušan 51 Birds of Pešter karst polje Slobodan Puzović, Vladan Vučković, Nikola Stojnić, Goran Sekulić, Miloš Radaković, Nenad Dučić, Brano Rudić, Milan Ružić, Dimitrije Radišić, Bratislav Grubač, Marko Šćiban & Marko Raković 87 Results of two years of research of the bird fauna of Popovo polje Aleksandar Vukanović 93 Analysis of the occurrence of Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) and Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) in the karst poljes of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2012-2017 period Goran Topić, Biljana Topić, Dražen Kotrošan, Mirko Šarac & Josip Vekić 113 Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) in the karst poljes of Bosnia -
The Evolution and Development of Solution Dolines with Horizontal Growth and the Processes of Their Floors: a Case Study On
Article The Evolution and Development of Solution Dolines with Horizontal Growth and the Processes of Their Floors: A Case Study on the Plate-Shaped Dolines of the Bükk Mountains, Aggtelek Karst and Pádis Plateau Márton Veress Department of Geography, Savaria University Centre, Eötvös Lóránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; [email protected] Received: 3 September 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published: 8 October 2020 Abstract: This study investigated the evolution and development of plate-shaped dolines (depressions with a large diameter, small depth and plain floor) within the framework of a case study. For the determination of their morphological characteristics, the morphological parameters of 16 dolines were measured and calculated (their average values were compared to the parameter average values of the dolines of other doline types). Based on the data from the vertical electrical sounding measurements, the superficial deposit and the morphology of the bedrock of six dolines were studied. It can be stated that the plate-shaped dolines increased in size by widening. They were formed at sites where the water drainage and material transport capacities of the epikarst of the bedrock ceased on doline floors, while the drainage and material transport took place at the margin of the dolines. Their genetic varieties were plate-shaped dolines with a karren, plate-shaped dolines with a drawdown doline, plate-shaped dolines with a subsidence doline, plate-shaped dolines without a drawdown doline and plate-shaped dolines with a partial doline. Keywords: epikarst; plate-shaped doline; doline morphometry; superficial deposit of doline floor 1. Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate and describe the characteristics, the evolution and the development of plate-shaped dolines of some study areas, the karstic features of their floors and the effects of these dolines on the geomorphic evolution of karsts. -
Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards in Karst Areas of Albania
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (2004) 4: 569–581 SRef-ID: 1684-9981/nhess/2004-4-569 Natural Hazards © European Geosciences Union 2004 and Earth System Sciences Natural and anthropogenic hazards in karst areas of Albania M. Parise1,2, P. Qiriazi3, and S. Sala4 1National Research Council, IRPI, Via Amendola 122-I, Bari, 70125, Italy 2Gruppo Puglia Grotte (Castellana-Grotte, BA), Italy 3Department of Geography, University of Tirana, Rruga e Elbasanit, Tirana, Albania 4Geography Study Center, Rruga M. Toptani 13, Tirana, Albania Received: 28 July 2004 – Revised: 5 October 2004 – Accepted: 6 October 2004 – Published: 8 October 2004 Part of Special Issue “Natural and anthropogenic hazards in karst areas” Abstract. In Albania, about one quarter of the country is over large areas of the albanian territory. The recent socio- occupied by outcroppings of soluble rocks; thus, karst rep- economical history of Albania, and the military conflicts oc- resents an important and typical natural environment. Today curred in the last decades in the Balkans, have furthermore karst areas are seriously threatened by a number of hazards, exacerbated a situation which, due to its natural features, of both natural and anthropogenic origin. Many problems are was already highly fragile. Karst areas are well known, in related to agricultural practices: the use of heavy machinery, fact, as a very peculiar environment where any negative ac- ever-increasing in recent years, results at many sites in de- tion performed at the surface may rapidly be transferred in struction of the original karst landscapes. Use of pesticides depth and/or over large areas. Geological, morphological, and herbicides, in addition, causes the loss of karst ecosys- and hydrogeological features of karst landscapes make them tems of great biological relevance, as has been observed in highly vulnerable to a variety of degradation and pollution the Dumre district, where about 80 lakes of karst origin are problems (Williams, 1993; Parise and Pascali, 2003). -
Abbe, C. , Jr . , 1899 , a General Report on the Physiography of Maryland
Abbe , C. , Jr., 1899 , A gene ral re port on the physiography of Maryland : Maryland weather Service , p. 41-21€. Discusses physiography, landscape evolution, and drainage evolution of the Appalachians of Maryland . Abbe , c. , Jr., 1902 , The physiography of Garrett County, Maryland, in Garrett County, Maryland: Baltimore , Maryland Geological Survey , p. 27-54. Discu�ses physiography and structural control of landforms . Abrahams, A. D. , 1S85, Lithologic control of bedrock mea'lder dimensions in the Appalachian Valley and Ridg� province : A comment : Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 10, p. 635-638. Braun's finding that the wavelength of bedrock meanders decreases as rock hardne5s increases is reconciled with Hack 's and Tinkler's finding that meander wavelength is greater in bedrock than alluvial channels. In populations of alluvial or bedrock channels, bank resistance cor.trols meander wavelength via its influence on channel shape and is negatively correlated wlth meander wavelength. In contrast, in mixed populations of alluvial and bedrock c�els, bank resistance controls meander wavelength through its effect on the recurrence interval of the channel-forming discharge and channel size and is positively correlated with meande r wavelength . Abrahams, A. D. , and Flint, J., 1983, Geological controls on the topological properties of some trellis channel networks : Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, p. 80-91. It has been assumed, but never quantitatively demonstrated, that the topological properties of trellis channel networks are strongly influenced by the unde rlying geology. In this study , the topological properties of 7 trellis networks unde rlain by a plunging syncline are analyzed and compared with those of 45 deneritic networks. -
1 Classical Dinaric Karst Aquifer – an Overview of Its
Extended abstract of Plenary paper CLASSICAL DINARIC KARST AQUIFER – AN OVERVIEW OF ITS PAST AND FUTURE Zoran Stevanović1, Želimir Pekaš2, Boban Jolović3, Arben Pambuku 4 & Dragan Radojević 5 1 University of Belgrade - Faculty of Mining & Geology, Centre for Karst Hydrogeology of the Department of Hydrogeology, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] 2 Croatian Waters, Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] 3 Geological Survey of Republic of Srpska, Zvornik, Bosnia & Herzegovina; [email protected] 4 Albanian Geological Survey, Tirana, Albania; [email protected] 5 Geological Survey of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro; [email protected] Key words: karst aquifer, classical mature karst, transboundary concern, Dinaric system INTRODUCTION The Dinaric system (Dinarides) represents a geologically heterogeneous, south European orogenic belt of the Alpine mountain chain (Alpides). The Alpine and Dinaric belts are in contact either directly or through an Intermediate zone (Herak, 1972). This part of Europe is considered a classic karst region and not only was the term “karst” born in the area (the German derivation of the local name of the district between Italy and Slovenia “Carso” or “Kras”) but also at the end of the 19th century a group of researchers including A. Penck, A. Grund, and F. Katzer led by Jovan Cvijić established a new scientific discipline - karstology. The Dinaric karst becomes the locus typicus area for dissolutional landforms (Ford, 2005) and some local terms were accepted, and are still used, in international karst terminology (e.g. ponor, doline, uvala, polje). The main orientation of the system is NW-SE, parallel to the Adriatic Sea. The system extends from the Carso area around Trieste in Italy in the north over the countries of former Yugoslavia and ends in the south in the territory of Albania (Fig.1). -
Sinkholes and Uvalas in Evaporite Karst: Spatio-Temporal Development with Links to Base-Level Fall on the Eastern Shore of the Dead Sea
Solid Earth, 10, 1451–1468, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1451-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Sinkholes and uvalas in evaporite karst: spatio-temporal development with links to base-level fall on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea Robert A. Watson1,a, Eoghan P. Holohan1, Djamil Al-Halbouni2, Leila Saberi3, Ali Sawarieh4, Damien Closson5, Hussam Alrshdan4, Najib Abou Karaki6,b, Christian Siebert7, Thomas R. Walter2, and Torsten Dahm2 1UCD School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland 2Helmholtz Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Section 2.1, Potsdam, Germany 3University of Minnesota, Department of Earth Sciences, Minneapolis, USA 4Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Amman, Jordan 5Geographic Information Management, Leuven, Belgium 6Department of Environmental and Applied Geology, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan 7Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, T. Lieser Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany anow at: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria bvisiting scientist at: Environmental Engineering Department, Al-Hussein bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan Correspondence: Robert A. Watson ([email protected]) and Eoghan P. Holohan ([email protected]) Received: 30 September 2018 – Discussion started: 11 October 2018 Revised: 24 July 2019 – Accepted: 5 August 2019 – Published: 30 August 2019 Abstract. Enclosed topographic depressions are character- saturated and undersaturated groundwater, as induced by the istic of karst landscapes on Earth. The developmental rela- 35 m fall in the Dead Sea water level since 1967. More gen- tionship between depression types, such as sinkholes (do- erally, our observations indicate that uvalas and the sink- lines) and uvalas, has been the subject of debate, mainly be- hole populations within them, although morphometrically cause the long developmental timescales in classical lime- distinct, can develop near-synchronously by subsidence in stone karst settings impede direct observation. -
Static GK Capsule: 2021
Static GK Capsule: 2021 CONTENTS List of National Parks in India ................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of dams in India ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 List International Airports in India ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Major Ports with key Facts: ................................................................................................................................................... 9 SOME INTERESTING FACTS: .............................................................................................................................................. 10 List of Waterfalls in India ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 List of Waterfalls in World With Country & Area ................................................................................................................ 10 Important Power Plants in India .......................................................................................................................................... 12 List of Thermal Power Plants/Stations in India ..................................................................................................................