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Edrs Price Descriptors DOCUMENT RESUME ED 069 562 SO 002 732 TITLE The South: Birmingham Case Study, and The South as a Region. Grade Five (Unit IV). Resource Unit. Project Social Studies. INSTITUTION Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Project Social Studies Curriculum Center. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 67 NOTE 69p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3:29 DESCRIPTORS *Area Studies; Case Studies;Concept Teaching; Cross Cultural Studies; CurriculumGuides; Elementary Grades; Geographic Concepts;*Geographic Regions; Geography Instruction; Grade5; *Human Geography; Inquiry Training; Map Skills;Resource Units; Sequential Programs; *SocialStudies Units; *Urban Studies IDENTIFIERS *Project Social Studies ABSTRACT A case study on Birmingham is presented in the first part of this resource unit on regional studies designed forfifth graders. The objective of the sequent occupance unit is to illustrate the impact which the discovery and utilization of a large natural resource, namely, iron ore, can have on the developmentof a city, in the hope that students will then generalize to other areas and resources. In the latter half of the unit studentsexamine the region of the South as a whole, taking note of different characteristicsin different parts of the South, and try to decide what criteria are used to set the South off from other regions of the country. The teacher's guide ED 062 226 provides program descriptions, course objectives, teaching strategies, and an explanation of format. Other related documents are ED 061 134, ED 062 227, and SO 002 732 through SO 002 741. (Several pages may be illegible.)(Author/SJM) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. OUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN IONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EOU CATION POSITION OR POLICY Grade Five Unit IV:The South a. Birmingham Case Study b. TheSouth as a Region RESOURCE UNIT These materialswere developed by the Project Social Studies Center of the University of Minnesota under a special grant from the U.S. Office of Education.(Project No. HS-045) 1967 FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY OBJECTIVES This unit should make progress toward developing the following: GENERALIZATIONS 1. Every place has three types of loca- 4. Places in the interior o tions; a position, a site, and a to have greater extremes situation. than places' along the co a. Locationis a position which sets 5. Naturechanges the face a phenomenon at a speicfic point through physical and bio on the earth's surface usually designated by an abstract grid and 6. Soil in a particular pla describedin terms of latitude and by the type of basic roc longitude. the climate; vegetation; glaciers, and rivers whi b. Site relates a phenomenon to the de- and how man treats the s tailed setting of the area it occupies. a. Erosion of the soil water and wind;it A c. Situation describes a phenomenon in areas where grass an areal relationship with other phe- removed. nomena with which itis associated. 7. Forests can be used to o 2. Precipitationis affected by .factors other timber products su such as distance from bodies o;: warn turpentine, nuts, etc., water, wind direction, temperature, the kinds of treesin th ocean currents, and physical features which force winds to rise. 8. Some things can be produ one place than in anothe 3. Temperature and seasonal differences climate, resources, trap are affectedin part by distance from routes, access to resour the equator; temperature ranges are markets, people's skills smaller near the equator than further awc,-- from it. 3 - i - OBJECTIVES This unit should make progress toward developing the following: .+TIONS place has three types of loca- Places in the interior of continents tend . a position, a site, and a to have greater extremes of temperatures 'ion. than places'along the coast. )cation is a position which sets 5. Nature changes the face of the earth phenomenon at a speicfic point through physical and biotic processes. 1 the earth's surface usually :signated by an abstract grid and Soilin a particular place is affected :scribed in terms of latitude and by the type of basic rock in the region; )ngitude. the climate; vegetation; erosion; wind, glaciers, and rivers which move soil; ite relates a phenomenon to the de- and how man treats the soil. 'Med setting of the area it :cupies. a. Erosion of the soil results from water and windy itis more likely in tuation describes a phenomenon in areas where grass and trees have been real relationship with other phe- removed. lmena with which itis associated. 7. Forests can be used to obtain lumber and )itation is affected by .factors other timber products such as paper, is distance from bodies();: warn turpentine, nuts, etc., depending upon . wind direction, temperature, the kinds of treesin the forest. currents, and physical features force winds to rise. 8. Some things can be produced better in one place than in another because of ature and seasonal differences climate, resources, transportation ffected in part by distance from routes, access to resources, access to quator; temperature ranges are markets, people's skills, etc. r near the equator than further rom it. 2 a. Vegetation and what can be grown a The significance of locat is affected in part, by soil. upon cultural development in and outside of an area b. Differing crops need differing amounts of rainfall and differing 1) A change in situation temperatures and number of frost about a corresponding free days in order to grow; they the use of a site. need water and dryness at differ- ent times during their period of 2) Improved transportati growth. ties make possible i bigger markets as wel c. The growth of factories in a town and less costly acces attract people, stores, etc. which sources. in turn make the area more attrac- tive to new factories and also b. Natural resources are of stimulate the growth of old ones. value until man acquires necessary for their utili d. Factories must have some form of or sees a need for using power to run machinery. c. Man changes the character 1) Power for industry is obtained earth. from a number of sources, in- cluding water power or steam 1) The present landscape and.electricity produced by many remnants of the burning coal. d. Types of agriculture in a e. Costs which must be covered in pend upon man's cultural sales pricesif a company is to and technology as well as survive include assembly costs of mate, soils, and topograpi ingredients, cost of ingredients and labor, and cost of transporting e. A number of factors -- cl goods to markets. face features, natural re! accessibility, and history 9. Man uses his physical environment in settlement patterns. terms of his cultural values, percep- tions and level of technology. 4 sn and 'what can be grown a. The significance of location depends ed in part by soil. upon cultural developments both with- in and outside of an area. crops need differing r rainfall and differing 1) A change in situation brings res and number of frost about a corresponding change in in order to grow; they the use of a site. r and dryness at: differ- during their period of 2) improved transportation facili- ties make possible wider and bigger markets as well as better h of factories in a town and less costly access to re- apple, stores, etc. which sources. ake the area more attrac- cw factories and also b. Natural resources are of little the growth of old ones. value until man acquires the skill necessary for their utilization and/ must have some form of or sees a need for using them. run machinery. c. Man changes the character of the for industry is obtained earth. a number of sources, in- ng water power or steam 1) The present landscape contains lectricity produced by many remnants of the past. 'rig coal. d. Types of agriculture in a region de- ch must be covured in pend upon man's cultural perceptions, ces if a company isto and technology as well as upon cli- nclude assembly costs of mate, soils, and topography. Its, cost of ingredients , and cost of transporting e. A number of factors -- climate, sur- markets. face features, natural resources, accessibility, and history -- affect physical environment in settlement patterns. cultural values, percep- el of technology. 4 5 10. People in most societies of the world 11. A region is an area of depend upon people who live in other geneous features. The communities, regions, and countries highly homogeneous, but for goods and services and for markets tional zones where boun for their goods. between regions. a. Specialization of individuals and a. Regions are delimit regions makes for interdependence. ent bases, dependin of the study. Some 1) When a community specializes the basis of a sing upon one industry or crop, it some on the basis o is more likely to be affe-ted na, and some on the badly by economic changes th- tional relationship in the ountry as a whole .... In are these which have diversi- r'ed their indl)stry. SKILLS 2) D.versificatic of production 1. Sets up hypotheses. makes a company or a region less dependent upon price fluc- 2. Gains information by st tuations for one product or up- on the supply of specific re- 3. Uses encyclopedias. sources. 4. Uses atlas index to loc b. A place needs cheap and rapidtrans- portation in order to carryon much 5.1 Interprets map symbols. trade with other places. 6. Reads distances on maps 1) Towns need means of shipping goods in and out; they are 7.
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