Making a Difference Making a Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i What to Do and Who to Call Concerning Ocean Issues What to Do and Who to Call Concerning Ocean Issues

Funding for the development and printing of this publication was provided by the following:

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If you have questions or comments about this publication, or would like to suggest any revisions or additions, or if you are interested in sponsorship of future print runs, please email [email protected] or call Project S.E.A.-Link at (808) 669-9062. Making a Difference ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i A publication of Project S.E.A.-Link, supported by the Hawaii Office of Planning, Coastal Zone Management Program, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Award No. NA06NOS4190159, funded in part by the What to Do and Who to Call Concerning Ocean Issues Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do Copyright ©2008 Project S.E.A.-Link. All rights reserved. not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. Compiled and written by Carlie Wiener, 2007. Additional development and design contributions by Liz Foote, Jill Komoto, and PURPOSE Donna Brown. Graphic Design by Geoffrey T. Moore, Silver Moon Art & Design, www.silvermoonmaui.com, (808) 579-6402 Additional design (and images) by Mike Roberts, Reeflections, www.tortuga-web.com This action guide has been designed as a community tool to provide key information, guidelines, and contact information for marine resource conservation. The goal is to empower Hawai‘i’s ocean users Funding for the development and printing of this publication was provided by the following: to take an active stewardship role in the preservation and protection of the marine environment. This action guide outlines key rules and regulations on a variety of topics and provides general ecological information and guidelines to follow such as actions to take, if any; what information to record; what agency to contact; and where to go for more information and guidance. As a Hawai‘i ocean user and ATMOSPH ND ER A IC IC A N D A M E I C N O I S

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U E .S guide is also available to download from www.coral.org or www.projectsealink.org. There you will C . D R E E P M ® A M RT O find the most recent version, in the event that changes have been made between printings. MENT OF C THE CORAL REEF ALLIANCE

A NOTE ABOUT RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP We would like to thank the following people who reviewed the content and/or contributed photos to this publication: Greta Aeby (Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology), William Aila (Waianae Harbor Master), Randy Awo (Division of Conservation ‘ and Resource Enforcement), George Balazs (NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service), Carl Berg, Hannah Bernard (Hawaii Wildlife Hawai i’s unique natural and cultural resources are irreplaceable, and should be treated with respect. Fund/ Maui Reef Fund), Christine Brammer (Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary), Donna Brown (Maui We all must recognize our important role in caring for our environment, and our responsibility to do Community College Marine Option Program), Kathy Chaston (University of Hawaii, Natural Resources Environmental Management), so. Take the time to learn about an area before you visit it, and consider such things as land owner- Athline Clark (Division of Aquatic Resources), Nicole Davis (NOAA Fisheries PIRO / Hawai‘i Pacific University), Judy Edwards (Division of ship issues, sensitive cultural sites, traditional practices, and proper protocols. You can minimize your Forestry and Wildlife), Laura Fabrey-Stevens (Department of Land and Natural Resources), Joe Fell-McDonald (Division of Forestry and Wildlife), Ann Fielding, Emily Fielding (The Nature Conservancy), Pauline Fiene (Mike Severns Diving), Angela Foote (Angela Foote impact by educating yourself on the proper ways to interact with the marine environment. Copyediting & Proofreading), Wendy Goo (NOAA National Marine Fisheries Services), Debbie Gowensmith (Community Conservation Network), Clifford G Inn (Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation), Michael Jones (Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation), Robbie Kane (Hawaii Tourism Authority), James Kashner (James Kashner Photography), Cheryl King (Kaho’olawe Island Reserve Commission), Jill Komoto (Malama Kai Foundation), Stacy Kubis (NOAA National Marine Fisheries Services), Michael Lameier (NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office), Ziggy Livnat (For the Sea Productions), Petra MacGowan (Division of Aquatic Resources), Mackenzie Manning (Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology), Jennifer Metz (NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office), Alton Miyasaka (Division of Aquatic Resources), Nina Monasevitch (Hawaiian Monk Seal Conservation Hui), Gary Moniz (Division of Conservation and Resource Enforcement), Kathleen Moore (U.S. Coast Guard), Carey Morishige (NOAA Marine Debris Program), David Nichols (Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary), Kuhea Paracuelles (County of Maui, Office of the Mayor), Sara Pelleteri (Division of Aquatic Resources), Jason Philibotte (NOAA Pacific Island Regional Office), Stephan Preston, Cindi Punihaole (Kohala Center), Matt Ramsey (Division of Forestry and Wildlife), David Schofield (NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office), Hudson Slay (Hawaii Department of Health), Brooks Tamaye (Division of Conservation and Resource Enforcement), Dean Tokishi (Kahoolawe Island Reserve Commission (KIRC), Jeffery S Walters (Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary), Wendy Wiltse (Environmental Protection Agency), Paul Wong (Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary), Chris Yates (NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office).

REFERENCES CITED i www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dcre/dcre.html. ix Managing Boat Wastes ii-v Hawaii’s Marine Protected Species, 2007 x Aeby, HIMB, personal communication vi Alien Marine Algae in the Hawaiian Islands xi Marine Life Conservation Districts, Division of Aquatic vii ISRS, 2004 Resources,1992 viii www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/fish_regs/index.htm Photo by Liz Foote An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 25 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 Blue Pages Continued TABLE of CONTENTS Key Agencies and Institutions Responsible for Marine Resource Management, Conservation and Research in Hawai‘i

FEDERAL Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation (DOBOR) www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dbor/ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Responsible for the management and administration of state www.epa.gov ocean recreation and coastal areas programs pertaining to the Protects human health and the environment. ocean waters and navigable streams. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Division of Conservation and Resources Enforcement (DOCARE) www.noaa.gov www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/docare/index.html Seeks to understand and predict changes in Earth’s With full police powers, enforces all state laws and rules Photo by Carlie Wiener environment, and conserve and manage coastal and involving lands, parks, historic sites, forest reserves, aquatic life marine resources to meet our nation’s economic, social, and and wildlife areas, coastal zones, conservation districts, shores, environmental needs. as well as county ordinances involving county parks. Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary Hawai‘i Coastal Zone Management Program (CZM) Enforcement 2 www.hawaiihumpbackwhale.noaa.gov www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/czm/ Promotes management, research, education and long-term Works on state resource management problems of high-stress monitoring for the endangered humpback whale and its habitat Coral Reef Guidelines for Scuba Diving and Snorkeling 3 coastal areas through stewardship, planning, permitting, in Hawai‘i. education, policy development, and more. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) Sea Turtles 5 www.nmfs.noaa.gov www.dofaw.net/ Dedicated to the stewardship of living marine resources Management of state-owned natural areas, public hunting through science-based conservation and management, and the Hawaiian Monk Seals 6 areas, and plant and wildlife sanctuaries; focuses on watershed promotion of healthy ecosystems. protection; native resources protection, including unique NOAA Marine Debris program ecosystems and endangered species of plants and wildlife; Cetaceans 7 www.marinedebris.noaa.gov outdoor recreation; and commercial forestry. Serves to coordinate, strengthen, and increase the visibility of Hawai‘i Department of Health (DOH) marine debris issues and efforts within the agency, its partners, Aquatic Invasive Species 10 www.hawaii.gov/health and the public both nationally and internationally. Protects and improves the health and environment for all Pacific Islands Regional Office (PIRO) people in Hawai‘i. Land-based Pollution 11 www.fpir.noaa.gov (DOH) Clean Water Branch Manages programs that support both domestic and http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/water/cleanwater/ international conservation and management of living marine Marine Debris 12 Protects the public health of residents and tourists who enjoy resources within the Pacific. playing in and around Hawai‘i’s coastal and inland water resources. U.S. Coast Guard Fishing and Marine Resource Regulations & Violations 13 Hawai‘i Tourism Authority (HTA) www.uscg.mil www.hawaiitourismauthority.org A military branch involved in maritime law, mariner assistance, Advocates for Hawaii’s tourism industry, and is responsible for Boating Resources and Safe Boating 16 search and rescue, among other duties. overseeing tourism from a statewide perspective. STATE Kaho‘olawe Island Reserve Commission (KIRC) Coral Health Threats 18 Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) www.kahoolawe.hawaii.gov www.hawaii.gov/dlnr Provides safe use and management of Kaho‘olawe for the Manages Hawai‘i’s natural and cultural resources, and is purposes of cultural practices of the native Hawaiian people, Marine Managed Areas 20 equipped with several divisions with various jurisdictions. and to undertake the restoration of the island and its waters. Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) NON-PROFIT Other Ways To Help: Additional Resources 22 www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/ Hawai‘i Coral Reef Outreach Network (CRON) Manages the state’s marine and freshwater resources through www.hawaiireef.org programs in commercial fisheries and aquaculture; aquatic Blue Pages: Marine Enforcement Phone Book 22 Raises public awareness about the importance of Hawai‘i’s coral resources protection, enhancement and education; and reefs. A directory of non-profit organizations throughout the recreational fisheries. state is listed online. Key Agencies & Institutions Responsible for Marine Resource Management, Conservation and Research in Hawai‘i 24 24 Making A Difference JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 ENFORCEMENT (and Resource Management) GENERAL PHONE NUMBERS U.S. Coast Guard: (808) 842-2600 or VHF channel 16 The Division of Conservation and Resources Enforcement (DOCARE) is the state agency responsible After Hours Search and Rescue Emergency: (808) 541-2500 or Toll-free 1-800-368-5647 for enforcement activities of the Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR). The division, with full police powers, enforces all state laws and rules involving state lands, state parks, Statewide Litter Hotline: 1-888-592-2522 historical sites, forest reserves, aquatic life and wildlife areas, coastal zones, conservation districts, CONTACT NUMBERS BY ISLAND and state shores, as well as county ordinances involving county parks. Their mission is to promote the safe and responsible use of Hawai‘i’s natural resources. i Island Report dead, Division of Division of Division of Police District The Hawai‘i Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) is a separate division of the DLNR, and works closely sick,injured Conservation Aquatic Boating & Non- Commerial with DOCARE. DAR’s mission is to manage, conserve and restore the state’s unique aquatic resources or stranded & Resources Resources Ocean Emergency Harbors and ecosystems for present and future generations. sea turtles Enforcement (DAR) A Recreation Number (DOCARE) / (DOBOR) Look for the following icons throughout this action guide to indicate whether you should notify O‘ahu (808) 983-5730 (808) 587-0077 (808) 587-0100 (808) 587-1967 (808) 529-3911 (808) 587-2100 DOCARE /and/or DAR A, depending on the circumstance. (808) 288-5685 (after hours) Division of Conservation & / Division of Aquatic A Island Resources Enforcement (DOCARE) Resources (DAR) Maui (808) 893-3172 (808) 873-3990 (808) 243-5294 (808) 243-5824 (808) 244-6400 (808) 873-3352 (808) 893-3050 Statewide Hotline (808) 643-DLNR (3567) N/A (pager) O‘ahu (808) 587-0077 (808) 587-0100 Kihei: Maui (808) 873-3990 (808) 243-5294 (808) 872-5190 Hawai‘i Island Capt Cook: (808) 323-3141 Hilo: (808) 974-6201 Hawai‘i Honokohau Capt Cook: Hilo: (808) 329-4997 (808) 935-3311 (808) 933-8850 Kona: (808) 327-4961 Kona: (808) 327-6226 Island –Hawi: (808) 323-3141 (808) 974-6201 (808) 881-4200 Waimea: Kona: Hilo: (808) 974-6208 Waimea: (808) 887-6196 (808) 327-6226 Kaua‘i (808) 274-3521 (808) 274-3344 (808) 887-6196 Kona: La-na‘i (808) 565-7916 N/A Kona: (808) 327-4961 (808) 327-4961 Hilo: Moloka‘i (808) 553-5190 (808) 567-6696 Hilo: (808) 974-6208 (808) 327-7780 MAKAI WATCH Kaua‘i (808) 274-3521 (808) 274-3521 (808) 274-3344 (808) 245-8028 (808) 241-1711 (808) 241-3755 La-na‘i (808) 565-7916 (808) 565-7916 see Maui (808) 559-0723 see Maui see Maui Makai Watch is a coastal education, monitoring and resource protection initiative that grew from a collaborative effort of community organizations, volunteers, conservation groups, and state Moloka‘i (808) 553-5190 (808) 553-5190 (808) 567-6696 (808) 553-1742 see Maui see Maui agencies. Now officially sanctioned by the state of Hawai‘i, Makai Watch works to restore and sustain Hawai‘i’s coastal resources through community involvement. For more information or to get Blue Pages continued on page 24 involved contact the Makai Watch coordinators: Community Conservation Network: [email protected] Hawai‘i Wildlife Fund: [email protected] The Nature Conservancy: [email protected] Project S.E.A.-Link: [email protected]

2 Making A Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 23 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 OTHER WAYS TO HELP: ADDITIONAL RESOURCES CORAL REEF GUIDELINES FOR SCUBA DIVING AND SNORKELING There are many ways to get involved in your community and make a difference for Hawai‘i’s reefs! Please visit www.conservationpractice.org/upload/EntireGuideBook.pdf to access “Getting Coral reefs in Hawai‘i are home to over 5,000 species of marine plants and animals with Involved in Caring for Hawai‘i’s Coastal Resources: A Community Guidebook.” The Guidebook offers approximately 25% found nowhere else in the world, so please be respectful of these areas while ways to get involved, what you need to get started and what activities you can do to make a difference. enjoying them. Visit www.hawaiireef.org to find a listing of many local organizations that are part of the BEFORE ENTERING THE WATER statewide Coral Reef Outreach Network…you will find many opportunities to get involved in the programs and projects coordinated by these local groups. t
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22 Making A Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 3 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 Coral Reef Guidelines For Scuba Diving And Snorkeling Continued

FISH FEEDING Fish feeding has been shown to alter the natural community structure of the reef, and promote habituated, aggressive fish. Please allow the fish to eat their natural food. Many of them play an important role as grazers, keeping algae populations in check. Fish feeding is actually illegal in some areas (such as Molokini Shoal Marine Life Conservation District, Ahihi Kina‘u Natural Area Reserve, and West Hawai‘i Island Fisheries Replenishment Areas) and can result in large fines. Help the reef and stay safe – please leave the fish food at home. Photo by Liz Foote

Fish feeding can result in bites.

Guidelines on diving, snorkeling, whale and dolphin watching, turtle watching, and underwater cleanups (in English and other languages) are available online at www.coral.org

Marine managed areas in Hawai‘i are designed to conserve and replenish marine resources.

4 Making A Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 21 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 Coral Health Threats Continued SEA TURTLES WHO TO CALL There are five species of sea turtles found in the Hawaiian Islands, including the most commonly Please call your local Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) A
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20 Making A Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It is predicted that the impacts of global climate change will result HAWAIIAN MONK SEALS in more frequent and extensive bleaching episodes throughout the world. When corals bleach they appear white instead of the normal brown color and so are easy to recognize. Hawaiian monk seals (‘Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua) are the most endangered seal species in the U.S., with its population estimated at about 1,100 seals. They spend two-thirds of their time swimming and CORAL DISEASES need to rest while on shore. Hawaiian monk seals are found from Nihoa Island to Kure Atoll in the Corals are the basis of our near shore ecosystems. Many of Hawai‘i’s marine species depend upon Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, and in the Main Hawaiian Islands as well. Sandy beaches and lava their survival. Unfortunately there has been a worldwide increase in the reports of diseases benches are preferred “haul out” sites for monk seals. Hawaiian monk seals are believed to live about affecting corals and other marine organisms. Disease can be caused by infectious agents such 25-30 years. as bacteria, viruses or parasites or from environmental stresses such as changes in physical THREATS TO MONK SEALS conditions or exposure to toxic chemicals. Approximately 15 coral diseases have been identified in Hawai‘i. Research groups have initiated studies of coral, fish and coralline algae disease, and are NORTHWEST HAWAIIAN ISLANDS documenting lesions in marine organisms and determining their potential causes. t
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18 Making A Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 7 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 Cetaceans Guide Continued Permits are required before these moorings can be installed; see Hawai‘i Administrative Rules RESPONSIBLE MARINE MAMMAL VIEWING GUIDELINES 13-257 Day Use Mooring Rules. t
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8 Making A Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 17 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 BOATING RESOURCES & SAFE BOATING GUIDELINES ON HOW TO RESPOND TO MARINE MAMMAL STRANDINGS, ENTANGLEMENTS OR VIOLATIONS

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10 Making A Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 15 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 Fishing & Marine Resource Regulations & Violations Continued LAND-BASED POLLUTION Highlighted below are some of the critical rules and regulations that govern marine Land-based pollution, primarily sediments, nutrients and other pollutants, has been identified as resources in Hawai‘i. Refer to the DLNR’s one of the top six threats to coral reefs in the U.S., damaging reefs and degrading water quality. publication, “Hawai‘i Fishing Regulations” for Pollutants are carried into coastal waters through surface water runoff and groundwater seepage. complete up-to-date rules, regulations and Sources of pollution include soil erosion, increased fertilizer use and discharge of sewage and guidelines, which can be found at your local industrial pollutants. Because terrestrial runoff directly affects coral recruitment, runoff-exposed Division of Aquatic Resources office, or online reefs take longer to recover from disturbances by storms, coral bleaching and outbreaks of coral at: http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar predators than reefs in cleaner water. vii It is your responsibility to know the rules and Photo by DLNR TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL VIOLATIONS regulations regarding bag limits and size restrictions for individual species, as well as Responsible fishing is a key factor to maintain a t
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12 Making A Difference An Action Guide to Marine Conservation in Hawai‘i 13 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5 JUNE 2009 Print Version 1.5