Rocks Around the Clock

Town map Utrecht L Natural stone: today Multifaceted Dom Tower ld u e 21 c v a s s 29 n b a Many of the buildings described have been standing for centuries; not that Many different types of rock were used in J o l 17 w Kruisstr. N 30 e e Jans r the use of natural stone has died out. On the contrary, today we use rocks the original building of the Dom Tower 20 k rg 18 u Kerkhof denbu d Vre e Nobel- Mulderstr. that weren’t available in the Netherlands in ancient times and the Middle (1321-1384) and in later restoration works. straat - 5 t Nac tr. e- n t N hte s inr Jans- u a o - g M a b Ages. There are various reasons for this. For instance, it has become easier to White Portland limestone from England r M r u t e Kerkstr. b erstr dam s ld n broed w itple ga Rocks around e a m in a k l transport material across the world, whereas the use of some materials, such has been used in the 19th century for the 22 r S in of s . s h s t v erk A J r. dk t c Ou r 15 6 . as sandstone, is prohibited; others cannot be supplied. Twentieth-century base of the Tower. Above that, the outside h A 27 t c e h r t e 1325 S t r t a buildings, in particular, use a wide range of natural stone. In general, natural is covered mainly with tuff surrounding Gracht . 2 H a the clock C 4 r 23 16 P t l i a e s Catharijnekade 24 28 i l t r e e e eg w r o a 14Steenw t o o a stone is now used for decorative purposes but not for load-bearing structures. a brick centre. Various types of sandstone n e u r b 3 n h t r e c Domplein i y s u 26 S k r 1 r. N m r g K a A walk through 2,000 years of Utrecht’s history and have been used for ornaments and 7 8 u P s - 9 Achter cornerstones, both cream-coloured and str. hunderds of millions of years of natural history de Dom p ats del la a l ap Z a i Korte Nieuw- ar t n M Trans a t red sandstone. Basalt and trachyte has O ra s 18 29 1 2 t o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 u ns 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Springweg d re e e e n s H been used during restorations. g t r r Oude a a kamp c a h t t Lange Nieuw- Nieuwe Gracht N i straat e H. Oudegracht 1,000 years k u d a w e m e G t r aa p o rstr T The oldest part of the Oudegracht dates ve o a o H l . s tr t t ks s e j t i l w r e from around the year 1,000. At that time the 12 lk e e a P g a J. d h g a u z c S n t i n i j - d t a s tr. e S n itts e le e W Old Rhine silted up to such an extent that i n p a d l b r g i Zuilenstr. a t a u n 19 M aa r g tr M g e s trade was hindered. To solve this problem, w ort t e K a s C a o g tr b a tr. -s en t es C a canal was dug to the River Vecht. Parts rr h me B te a S A S s r in i jn - g s e e e k of both the Oude and the Nieuwegracht, - ng 10 a r l La - va e uw tr. r lw ro ns e o V tte S b such as the Kromme Nieuwegracht, follow at ju tra ss et l original meanders in the course of the Be e s Geertestr. ng laa si co ie Ni H l Rhine. a a r M t in 11 g t - a A. van Schendelstraat tra ns s e t t t r a ie a tra gn a P s A t as e la l co m Ni o g l e e l T e e n w t Interior of the TNO building/ s g w l i j o in e n T s n g s a t la r n Geological Survey of the a e C a m a o t n te b t le No Netherlands, Utrecht. h e a o k r D j i e i j d n ij d W r e Also worthy of attention (see the town map right): r. e J s st u er d i uw p n jlho e Bi t i g t s e 20. Drift 9, early 20th century, Obernkirchen sandstone e b r l s A t r Geological Time table a 21. Utrecht University, Drift 25, 18th century bluestone a t Million 22. Brandmeesters, Korte Janstraat 1-5, early 20th century, bluestone years Holocene 23. Lange Elisabethstraat 20, yellow-brown fossil-rich Jurassic limestone Quaternary Pleistocene 24. Siebel, Bakkerstraat 27-29, early 20th century, almost solid black Colofon 2.5 Pliocene plutonic rock (gabbro) Miocene 25. Oudegracht Library and Broese Bookshop, 1933, sandstone Compilated by Wim Dubelaar Tertiary Oligocene 26. Dom, Drachenfels trachyt, Bentheim sandstone, red sandstone Thomas van der Linden Cenozoic Eocene and Udelfangen sandstone. Dom Tower (plinth) white Portland limestone Suzanne de Jong Paleocene 27. Lange Elisabethstraat 25, 2001, light-coloured granite gneiss with red 65 Hans Hooghart garnets Upper-Cretaceous 28. Jap Exclusives, Choorstraat 14, Jugendstil, red granite Cretaceous Design: Han Bruinenberg Lower-Cretaceous 29. Chemist, Voorstraat 6, Jugendstil, bluestone 146 30. Janskerk, Janskerkhof, 11th century, bricks and tuff Press: Veenman Drukkers, Rotterdam Jurassic Second edition 2009 Copyright 18 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 207 Mesozoic 14 15 16 17Coloured18 19 20photograph21 22 23 Janskerk24 25 ca.26 1905-190727 28 29 30 31 32 Upper-Triassic Keuper TNO Built Environment and Geosciences Triassic Middle-Triassic Muschelkalk Utrechts Archief Lower-Triassic Bontzandsteen Geological Survey of the Netherlands 245 PO Box 80015 Permian 3508 TA Utrecht 290 Upper-Carboniferous Princetonlaan 6 Carboniferous 3584 CB Utrecht Lower-Carboniferous 362 The Netherlands Devonian 408 T +31 30 256 42 56 Paleozoic F +31 30 256 44 75 Silurian 440 E [email protected] Ordovician 510 TNO.NL Cambrian 570 Precambrian 18 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 248 259 2610271128122913301431153216 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Utrecht as a Roman fort Brick has been much used as a building material since the Middle Ages, on limestone from the Upper Cretaceous that composition that stem from the way in The history of the city of Utrecht began in the first century A.D., when the its own and in combination with natural stone. An early application of occurs at the surface in South Limburg. which the rock was formed. A wide variety Roman Emperor Claudius decided that the Rhine would form the northern brick can be found in the walls of Stadskasteel18 29 1 Oudaen2 3 4 5 , 6built7 8in 91276,10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31The32 most-used Belgian limestone is bluestone of plutonic rocks can be seen in Utrecht. border of his empire. One of the forts built along the river to defend this at Oudegracht 99. (Lower Carboniferous). This rock is also known Light-coloured granites have been used in border was named Trajectum or ‘Ford’. It was situated at a shallow part of as ‘petit granit’. Geologically, this name is the shop18 29 fronts1 2 3of 4Oudegracht5 6 7 8 256-2649 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 18 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 the Rhine on what is now the site of Dom18 29 Square1 2 3 . 4Utrecht5 6 7grew8 9 up10 around11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Clastic20 21 material22 23 24 is25 created26 27 28 when29 30 rocks31 32 erode and from this sedimentary rocks incorrect since unlike real granite this rock and Oudegracht9 10 11 16312 13 .14 Larvikite,15 16 17 18a variety19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 this focal point. The foundations and part of the walls of the Roman fort, are formed. Clay is the finest clastic material. Its grains are less than 2 micrometers wasn’t formed out of molten material. However, with black, grey and blue minerals from made of natural stone, are still visible in Café het Weeshuis18 29 1 and2 3 at4 the5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13in14 diameter.15 16 17 Clay18 19 comprises20 21 22 23 clay24 minerals25 26 27 28(kaolinite,29 30 31 illite,32 montmorrilonite), the presence of crystalline fossils does create the Norwegian town of Larvik, can be seen Utrecht Centre for the18 29Arts1 2 , 3two4 buildings5 6 7 8 on9 Dom10 11 Square.12 13 14 See15 16 the17 City18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26quartz,27 28 29 feldspars,30 31 32 calcite and iron minerals.

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