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Biblioteca De Posgrado Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO MENCION EN PRODUCTOS NATURALES TERAPÉUTICOS ESTUDIO FARMACOGNÓSTICO DE LAS HOJAS DE Duranta mutisii. L.f. “tantal” Y FORMULACIÓN DE UN FITOFÁRMACO. POSGRADO TESIS PARA OPTARDE EL GRADO DE: MAESTRO EN FARMACIA Y BIOQUIMICA AUTOR: Br. Q. F. Elvis Joel Sánchez Valverde ASESOR: Dr. Q. F. Segundo Guillermo Ruíz Reyes BIBLIOTECA TRUJILLO – PERU 2017 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación DEDICATORIA A Dios. A Dios mi padre celestial que ilumina mi sendero con ese amor espiritual e inmaculado y que gracias a sus bendiciones he sido capaz de lograr muchos de mis objetivos personales y profesionales. POSGRADO ADE mis padres Por ser los guías que me han ayudado a crecer, por la paciencia que han tenido para enseñarme. Por haber estado al pendiente de mí durante toda esta etapa. A mi hermana QueBIBLIOTECA con su amor me ha enseñado a salir adelante, por compartir su vida y experiencias conmigo, pero sobre todo por estar en otro momento tan importante en mi vida. i Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación AGRADECIMIENTO A ti Señor: Gracias por guiar mi camino y permitir que mis metas sean logradas. Gracias por el inmenso amor que me tienes, por tus bendiciones y el regalo de la vida. POSGRADO Un especial agradecimiento a mi asesor:DE Dr. Q.F. Segundo Guillermo Ruiz Reyes. Por su profesionalismo, paciencia y todo el apoyo brindado para la realización de este trabajo de investigación. BIBLIOTECA ii Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación PRESENTACIÓN SEÑORES MIEMBROS DEL JURADO DICTAMINADOR: En cumplimiento de las normas dispuestas en el reglamento interno de la Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad someto a su consideración la Tesis intitulado: ESTUDIO FARMACOGNÓSTICO DE LAS HOJAS DE Duranta mutisii. L.f. “tantal” Y FORMULACIÓN DE UN FITOFÁRMACO. MENCIÓN: PRODUCTOS NATURALES TERAPÉUTICOS POSGRADO Con el propósito de optar el grado de maestro en Farmacia y Bioquímica dejamos a vuestra consideración señores miembrosDE del jurado la calificación del siguiente trabajo. Trujillo, Abril del 2017 BIBLIOTECA Br. Q. F. Elvis Joel Sánchez Valverde. iii Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación JURADO DICTAMINADOR Dr. Q. F. Edmundo Arturo Venegas Casanova. PRESIDENTE POSGRADO Ms. Q. F. Roger DEAntonio Rengifo Penadillos. SECRETARIO BIBLIOTECA Dr. Q. F. Segundo Guillermo Ruíz Reyes ASESOR iv Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación ÍNDICE Pág. DEDICATORIA……………...……………………………………..…….....................i AGRADECIMIENTO……………………………………………………...…..……...ii PRESENTACION……………………………………………………………..………iii JURADO DICTAMINADOR…………………………………………...……………iv RESUMEN…………………………………………………..…………………….......vi ABSTRACT…………………….…………….…………………….…………….…..vii I. INTRODUCCIÓN...…………….………………………………………....POSGRADO........1 II. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO……………………………..…………...….….........6 III. RESULTADOS…………………………………………………….……DE ..…....27 IV. DISCUSIÓN………………….…………….…………………….……….........33 V. CONCLUSIONES……..…………………...…………………….………........36 VI. RECOMENDACIONES…………………………………………….….…......37 VII. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS….………….………………...…........38 ANEXOS….…………………………………………………………..………............40 BIBLIOTECA v Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación RESUMEN En el presente trabajo de investigación, se logró determinar el estudio farmacognóstico de las hojas de Duranta mutisii. L.f. “tantal” y la Formulación de un fitofármaco “colutorio” a base de extracto fluido de hojas de Duranta mutisii L.f. “tantal. El estudio farmacognóstico reportó parámetros de calidad; macromorfologicos, de la forma, superficie, consistencia y dimensiones de las hojas; organolépticos de olor suigéneris, color verde brillante, sabor suigéneris, textura suave, fractura entera, condición fresca; físico-químicos de materias extrañas 0,15%, humedad residual 4,08%, sustancias solubles en cloroformo 7,80%, etanol 96°GL 18,71%,POSGRADO agua 16,65%, cenizas totales 8,01%, cenizas solubles en agua 6,97%, cenizas insolubles en HCl 0,23%; y el tamizaje fitoquímico evidenció la presencia de compuestosDE fenólicos, glucósidos cardiotónicos, esteroides, alcaloides, leucoantocianidinas, taninos, flavonoides, azucares reductores, resinas, aminoácidos y principios amargos y astringentes. Se desarrolló la formulación de un fitofármaco “colutorio” a base del extracto fluido de las hojas de Duranta mutisii. L.f. “tantal” donde se compararon 3 formulaciones (intergrupo) se observó que no existe diferencia significativa (p>0,05), lo que indicó que puede utilizarse cualquier formulación para tratamiento. PalabrasBIBLIOTECA claves: Estudio farmacognóstico, colutorio, Duranta mutisii. L.f. fitofarmaco vi Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación ABSTRACT In the present research, it was possible to determine the pharmacognostic study of the leaves of Duranta mutisii. L.f. "Tantalum" and the formulation of a phytopharmaceutical "mouthwash" based on fluid extract from leaves of Duranta mutisii L.f. "Tantalum. The pharmacognostic study reported quality parameters; Macromorphological, of the form, surface, consistency and dimensions of the leaves; Flavor organoleptic, bright green color, suigeneric taste, soft texture, whole fracture, fresh condition; Physicochemicals of foreign matter 0,15%, residual moisture 4,08%, substances soluble in chloroform 7,80%, ethanol 96POSGRADO ° GL 18,71%, water 16,65%, total ash 8,01%, ash Soluble in water 6,97%, ash insoluble in HCl 0,23%; And phytochemical screening evidenced the presenceDE of phenolic compounds, cardiotonic glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, leucoanthocyanidins, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, resins, amino acids and bitter and astringent principles. The development of a phytopharmaceutical "mouthwash" was developed based on the fluid extract of the leaves of Duranta mutisii. L.f. "Tantalum" where 3 formulations (intergroup) were compared it was observed that there was no significant difference (p> 0,05), indicating that any formulation for treatment could be used. Key BIBLIOTECAwords: Pharmacognostic study, mouthwash, Duranta mutisii. L.f. phytopharmaceutical vii Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación I. INTRODUCCION En la actualidad a pesar del desarrollo alcanzado en la síntesis de medicamentos, existe una tendencia hacia la utilización de plantas medicinales con fines terapéuticos, las plantas medicinales han constituido desde tiempos remotos un recurso de gran importancia, para cubrir necesidades terapéuticas, su uso como agentes de la salud es conocido en múltiples culturas del mundo y ha sido transmitido a través de generaciones (Hoogesteger, 1994). Esta tradición forma parte del acervo cultural de nuestra sociedad y su permanencia en el tiempo, pueden ayudar a comprender las tradiciones de diferentes culturas que del pasado han llegado hasta nuestros días. Es relevante conocer si es preciso conservar, preservar y transmitir el conocimiento de las plantas POSGRADOmedicinales (WHO, 2008). Para la Farmacognosia, estudiar una planta es definir su identidad, es describir su morfología así como su anatomía, conocerDE su origen y forma de producción y apreciar la incidencia de éstos sobre su calidad, analizar su composición química y los factores que pueden hacerla variar, conocer la estructura y las propiedades de los principios activos, así como su actividad farmacológica, es estar en situación de definir los elementos objetivos que permitan apreciar la calidad y los métodos a emplear para su control, es conocer
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