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Petition to List Eight Species of Pomacentrid Reef Fish, Including the Orange Clownfish and Seven Damselfish, As Threatened Or Endangered Under the U.S
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PETITION TO LIST EIGHT SPECIES OF POMACENTRID REEF FISH, INCLUDING THE ORANGE CLOWNFISH AND SEVEN DAMSELFISH, AS THREATENED OR ENDANGERED UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) photo by flickr user Jan Messersmith CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SUBMITTED SEPTEMBER 13, 2012 Notice of Petition Rebecca M. Blank Acting Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Samuel Rauch Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries NOAA Fisheries National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 1315 East-West Highway Silver Springs, MD 20910 E-mail: [email protected] PETITIONER Center for Biological Diversity 351 California Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel: (415) 436-9682 _____________________ Date: September 13, 2012 Shaye Wolf, Ph.D. Miyoko Sakashita Center for Biological Diversity Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e), and 50 C.F.R.§ 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS” or “NOAA Fisheries”), to list eight pomacentrid reef fish and to designate critical habitat to ensure their survival. The Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) is a non-profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of imperiled species and their habitats through science, policy, and environmental law. The Center has more than 350,000 members and online activists throughout the United States. -
Community Structure and Biogeography of Shore Fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Helgol Mar Res (2002) 55:252–284 DOI 10.1007/s10152-001-0090-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Maroof A. Khalaf · Marc Kochzius Community structure and biogeography of shore fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Received: 2 April 2001 / Received in revised form: 2 November 2001 / Accepted: 2 November 2001 / Published online: 24 January 2002 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2002 Abstract Shore fish community structure off the Jorda- Introduction nian Red Sea coast was determined on fringing coral reefs and in a seagrass-dominated bay at 6 m and 12 m Coral reefs are one of the most complex marine ecosys- depths. A total of 198 fish species belonging to 121 gen- tems in which fish communities reach their highest de- era and 43 families was recorded. Labridae and Poma- gree of diversity (Harmelin-Vivien 1989). Morphological centridae dominated the ichthyofauna in terms of species properties and the geographical region of the coral reef richness and Pomacentridae were most abundant. Nei- determine the structure of the fish assemblages (Sale ther diversity nor species richness was correlated to 1980; Thresher 1991; Williams 1991). The ichthyofauna depth. The abundance of fishes was higher at the deep of coral reefs can be linked to varying degrees with adja- reef slope, due to schooling planktivorous fishes. At cent habitats (Parrish 1989) such as seagrass meadows 12 m depth abundance of fishes at the seagrass-dominat- (Ogden 1980; Quinn and Ogden 1984; Roblee and ed site was higher than on the coral reefs. Multivariate Ziemann 1984; Kochzius 1999), algal beds (Rossier and analysis demonstrated a strong influence on the fish as- Kulbicki 2000) and mangroves (Birkeland 1985; Thollot semblages by depth and benthic habitat. -
"Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Biogeography"
A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea Item Type Article Authors DiBattista, Joseph; Roberts, May B.; Bouwmeester, Jessica; Bowen, Brian W.; Coker, Darren James; Lozano-Cortés, Diego; Howard Choat, J.; Gaither, Michelle R.; Hobbs, Jean-Paul A.; Khalil, Maha T.; Kochzius, Marc; Myers, Robert F.; Paulay, Gustav; Robitzch Sierra, Vanessa S. N.; Saenz Agudelo, Pablo; Salas, Eva; Sinclair-Taylor, Tane; Toonen, Robert J.; Westneat, Mark W.; Williams, Suzanne T.; Berumen, Michael L. Citation A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea 2015:n/a Journal of Biogeography Eprint version Post-print DOI 10.1111/jbi.12649 Publisher Wiley Journal Journal of Biogeography Rights This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: DiBattista, J. D., Roberts, M. B., Bouwmeester, J., Bowen, B. W., Coker, D. J., Lozano-Cortés, D. F., Howard Choat, J., Gaither, M. R., Hobbs, J.-P. A., Khalil, M. T., Kochzius, M., Myers, R. F., Paulay, G., Robitzch, V. S. N., Saenz-Agudelo, P., Salas, E., Sinclair-Taylor, T. H., Toonen, R. J., Westneat, M. W., Williams, S. T. and Berumen, M. L. (2015), A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea. Journal of Biogeography., which has been published in final form at http:// doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jbi.12649. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. Download date 23/09/2021 15:38:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/583300 1 Special Paper 2 For the virtual issue, "Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Biogeography" 3 LRH: J. -
Trait Decoupling Promotes Evolutionary Diversification of The
Trait decoupling promotes evolutionary diversification of the trophic and acoustic system of damselfishes rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Bruno Fre´de´rich1, Damien Olivier1, Glenn Litsios2,3, Michael E. Alfaro4 and Eric Parmentier1 1Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Applied and Fundamental Fish Research Center, Universite´ de Lie`ge, 4000 Lie`ge, Belgium 2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Research 3Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Ge´nopode, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Cite this article: Fre´de´rich B, Olivier D, Litsios G, Alfaro ME, Parmentier E. 2014 Trait decou- Trait decoupling, wherein evolutionary release of constraints permits special- pling promotes evolutionary diversification of ization of formerly integrated structures, represents a major conceptual the trophic and acoustic system of damsel- framework for interpreting patterns of organismal diversity. However, few fishes. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20141047. empirical tests of this hypothesis exist. A central prediction, that the tempo of morphological evolution and ecological diversification should increase http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1047 following decoupling events, remains inadequately tested. In damselfishes (Pomacentridae), a ceratomandibular ligament links the hyoid bar and lower jaws, coupling two main morphofunctional units directly involved in both feeding and sound production. Here, we test the decoupling hypothesis Received: 2 May 2014 by examining the evolutionary consequences of the loss of the ceratomandib- Accepted: 9 June 2014 ular ligament in multiple damselfish lineages. As predicted, we find that rates of morphological evolution of trophic structures increased following the loss of the ligament. -
Poisoned Waters
POISONED WATERS How Cyanide Fishing and the Aquarium Trade Are Devastating Coral Reefs and Tropical Fish Center for Biological Diversity For the Fishes June 2016 Royal blue tang fish / H. Krisp Executive Summary mollusks, and other invertebrates are killed in the vicinity of the cyanide that’s squirted on the reefs to he release of Disney/Pixar’s Finding Dory stun fish so they can be captured for the pet trade. An is likely to fuel a rapid increase in sales of estimated square meter of corals dies for each fish Ttropical reef fish, including royal blue tangs, captured using cyanide.” the stars of this widely promoted new film. It is also Reef poisoning and destruction are expected to likely to drive a destructive increase in the illegal use become more severe and widespread following of cyanide to catch aquarium fish. Finding Dory. Previous movies such as Finding Nemo The problem is already widespread: A new Center and 101 Dalmatians triggered a demonstrable increase for Biological Diversity analysis finds that, on in consumer purchases of animals featured in those average, 6 million tropical marine fish imported films (orange clownfish and Dalmatians respectively). into the United States each year have been exposed In this report we detail the status of cyanide fishing to cyanide poisoning in places like the Philippines for the saltwater aquarium industry and its existing and Indonesia. An additional 14 million fish likely impacts on fish, coral and other reef inhabitants. We died after being poisoned in order to bring those also provide a series of recommendations, including 6 million fish to market, and even the survivors reiterating a call to the National Marine Fisheries are likely to die early because of their exposure to Service, U.S. -
Chromis Viridis)
Mar. Res. Indonesia Vol.30, 2006: 15-20 EFFECTS OF CYANIDE ON ORNAMENTAL CORAL FISH (CHROMIS VIRIDIS) Z. Arifin and D. Hindarti Ecotoxicology Working Group, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jl. Pasir Putih I, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The use of cyanide particularly for fishing has caused concern for its impacts on aquatic marine life. This study was the first attempt to provide information on the effect of cyanide on tropical marine fish in Indonesia and aimed to determine the toxicity of cyanide to coral fish, Chromis viridis. The fish were exposed to 10,18,32,56 and 100 µg 1-1 of cyanide. These five cyanide concentrations were tested for 96- h period of exposure through a static-renewal. Cyanide was found to be very toxic to the fish. The 96-h -1 LC50 of cyanide for juvenile of Chromis viridis was 41.3 µg 1 . The toxicity of cyanide to C. viridis was 300 times stronger than that of the trace metal cadmium. Compared to milkfish fry (Chanos chanos), C. viridis was more sensitive to cyanide. It is estimated that at concentration of 32 µg 1-1 cyanide does not show observable effect (NOEC) to C. viridis. Meanwhile the lowest observable effect of cyanide (LOEC) to the fish is at a concentration of 56 µg 1-1. Keywords: Chromis viridis, coral fish, cyanides, lethal dose, toxicity INTRODUCTION In commercial market, cyanide comes in two distinct forms, sodium cyanide (NaCN) and Cyanide has been used for fishing in many potassium cyanide (KCN). -
Pomacentridae): Structural and Expression Variation in Opsin Genes
Molecular Ecology (2017) 26, 1323–1342 doi: 10.1111/mec.13968 Why UV vision and red vision are important for damselfish (Pomacentridae): structural and expression variation in opsin genes SARA M. STIEB,*† FABIO CORTESI,*† LORENZ SUEESS,* KAREN L. CARLETON,‡ WALTER SALZBURGER† and N. J. MARSHALL* *Sensory Neurobiology Group, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, †Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland, ‡Department of Biology, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Abstract Coral reefs belong to the most diverse ecosystems on our planet. The diversity in col- oration and lifestyles of coral reef fishes makes them a particularly promising system to study the role of visual communication and adaptation. Here, we investigated the evolution of visual pigment genes (opsins) in damselfish (Pomacentridae) and exam- ined whether structural and expression variation of opsins can be linked to ecology. Using DNA sequence data of a phylogenetically representative set of 31 damselfish species, we show that all but one visual opsin are evolving under positive selection. In addition, selection on opsin tuning sites, including cases of divergent, parallel, conver- gent and reversed evolution, has been strong throughout the radiation of damselfish, emphasizing the importance of visual tuning for this group. The highest functional variation in opsin protein sequences was observed in the short- followed by the long- wavelength end of the visual spectrum. Comparative gene expression analyses of a subset of the same species revealed that with SWS1, RH2B and RH2A always being expressed, damselfish use an overall short-wavelength shifted expression profile. Inter- estingly, not only did all species express SWS1 – a UV-sensitive opsin – and possess UV-transmitting lenses, most species also feature UV-reflective body parts. -
Federal Register/Vol. 80, No. 163/Monday, August 24, 2015/Notices
Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 163 / Monday, August 24, 2015 / Notices 51235 Council to comment more quickly on FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: determination, we first consider proposed activities and projects, and Krista Graham, NMFS, Pacific Islands whether a group of organisms enable the Council to work more Regional Office, (808) 725–5152; or constitutes a ‘‘species’’ under the ESA, effectively in addressing fish habitat and Kimberly Maison, NMFS, Pacific Islands then whether the status of the species ecosystem issues in our region. Regional Office, (808) 725–5143; or qualifies it for listing as either Chelsey Young, NMFS, Office of threatened or endangered. Section 3 of Special Accommodations Protected Resources, (301) 427–8491. the ESA defines ‘‘species’’ to include The meeting is physically accessible SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: ‘‘any subspecies of fish or wildlife or to people with disabilities. Requests for plants, and any distinct population sign language interpretation or other Background segment of any species of vertebrate fish auxiliary aid should be directed to M. On September 14, 2012, we received or wildlife which interbreeds when Jan Saunders, (302) 526–5251, at least 5 a petition from the Center for Biological mature.’’ On February 7, 1996, NMFS days prior to the meeting date. Diversity (Center for Biological and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dated: August 19, 2015. Diversity, 2012) to list eight species of (USFWS; together, the Services) adopted pomacentrid reef fish as threatened or a policy describing what constitutes a Emily H. Menashes, endangered under the ESA and to distinct population segment (DPS) of a Deputy Director, Office of Sustainable designate critical habitat for these taxonomic species (the DPS Policy; 61 Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service. -
California State University, Northridge Selection on Larval Traits in Early Post-Settlement Temperate and Tropical Reef Fishes
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE SELECTION ON LARVAL TRAITS IN EARLY POST-SETTLEMENT TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL REEF FISHES A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Biology By Heidi Elise Block December 2011 The thesis of Heidi Elise Block is approved: Dr. Larry G. Allen Date Dr. Mia S. Adreani Date Dr. Mark A. Steele, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Mark Steele for helping me with all aspects of this project: from completing my scientific dive certification and teaching me how to catch gobies, to patiently editing many drafts of my thesis, I would not have been able to complete this project without his continuing support. In addition, I would like to thank my committee members Drs. Larry Allen and Mia Adreani for their help in editing my thesis, and general support during my project. I also would like to thank Dr. Steven Dudgeon for providing me with a good statistical foundation, without which I would not have been able to complete the analyses required for my study. I would like to acknowledge all of the people who helped me in the field and lab: Katie Field, David Sinkiewicz, Edwin Leung, Mike Schram, Jenna Krug, Steve Doo, Natalie Low, Jason Selwyn, Barbara Sanchez, Jessica Baker and Audrey Guzowski. Without all of their help this project would not have been possible. I would like to give a special thanks to Katie Field and David Sinkiewicz, for spending many hours underwater helping me to collect fish and complete surveys, and to Edwin Leung and Mike Schram, for volunteering to read close to a thousand of my otoliths. -
Aquarium Fish Black List and Receommendations for the Management of Aquarium Fish Collection in French Polynesia
AQUARIUM FISH BLACK LIST AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF AQUARIUM FISH COLLECTION IN FRENCH POLYNESIA Prepared by Secretariat of the Paci�ic Community (SPC) for Direction des Ressources Marines et Minières de Polynésie Française Neocirrhites armatus Centropyge boylei Tony Nahacky Independent consultant Colette Wabnitz Fisheries O icer (Aquarium trade), SPC f� June 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Luciano Perino of Ethiopian Live Fish Export Company, Aquarium Fish Fiji Ltd., and Chip Boyle of Cook Island Aquarium Fish, for their help with this project. Genicanthus bellus ‐ Discovered in Tahiti, French Polynesia; described in 1975 The information contained herein is copyright. No part of it may be reproduced without prior written permission of SPC. This study was made possible with the financial assistance of AusAID. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not reflect the official opinion of AusAID. In as far as any reference in this report is or may be taken to be for potential commercial returns upon an investment in any existing, contemplated or future project, no responsibility is undertaken to any person, including SPC. Page 2 of 26 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. -
Role of Coral-Derived Chemical Cues in Microhabitat Selection by Settling Chromis Viridis
Vol. 409: 181–187, 2010 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published June 23 doi: 10.3354/meps08627 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Role of coral-derived chemical cues in microhabitat selection by settling Chromis viridis O. Ben-Tzvi1, 2,*, D. Tchernov1, 3, 4, M. Kiflawi1, 2 1The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, POB 469, Eilat 88103, Israel 2Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel 3Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra - Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel 4Marine Biology Department, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel ABSTRACT: Insight into the mechanisms that underlie settlement and recruitment is important for our understanding of the demography and ecology of coral reef fish and the biology of their coral host. Current knowledge of larval behaviour leading up to settlement is rather meager, and is mostly derived from controlled experiments under artificial conditions. However, it has been shown that pre- settlement juvenile fishes use acoustic and olfactory cues to locate the reef and, together with visual cues, to choose their first habitat in the reef. Chromis viridis (Pomacentridae) also use chemical and physical cues to locate the coral colonies on which they settle. Moreover, they appear to consistently and preferentially utilize some, but not other, conspecific colonies. To further evaluate the cues involved in microhabitat choice at settlement, we used in situ manipulation in which water from Acropora spp. coral colonies with positive settlement histories (SH+) was transferred to colonies with negative settlement histories (SH–) and vice versa. -
A Vector Analysis of Marine Ornamental Species in California
Management of Biological Invasions (2015) Volume 6, Issue 1: 13–29 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.1.02 Open Access © 2015 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2015 REABIC Research Article A vector analysis of marine ornamental species in California Susan L. Williams1*, R. Eliot Crafton2, Rachel E. Fontana1,2,3, Edwin D. Grosholz4, Grace Ha1,2, Jae R. Pasari1 and Chela J. Zabin4,5 1Bodega Marine Laboratory and Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA 2Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA 3Present address: Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA 4Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA 5Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA E-mail: [email protected] (SLW), [email protected] (REC), [email protected] (REF), [email protected] (EDG), [email protected] (GH), [email protected] (JRP), [email protected] (CJZ) *Corresponding author Received: 9 July 2014 / Accepted: 28 October 2014 / Published online: 10 December 2014 Handling editor: Alisha Davidson Abstract The trade in marine and estuarine ornamental species has resulted in the introductions of some of the world’s worst invasive species, including the seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia and the lionfish Pterois volitans. We conducted an analysis of the historical introductions and establishments of marine and estuarine ornamental species in California using a database (‘NEMESIS’) and the contemporary fluxes (quantities, taxa) based on government records, direct observations of aquarium-bound shipments, and internet commerce.