Chromis Viridis (Cuvier, 1830)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Chromis Viridis (Cuvier, 1830) Chromis viridis (Cuvier, 1830) Item Type other Authors Ketabi, Ramin; Jamili, Shahla Publisher Kish International Campus, Tehran University Download date 05/10/2021 08:51:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/36047 Chromis viridis (Cuvier, 1830) Kingdom: Animalia Family: Pomacentridae Phylum: Chordata Genus: Chromis Class: Actinopterygii Species: C. viridis Order: Perciformes Chromis viridis (green chromis) is a species of damselfish. It is found in tropical and subtropical waters. C. viridis is encountered in wild specimens prefer to school in large shoals amongst branching corals like Acropora in sheltered areas such as subtidal reef flats and lagoons. We report for the first time from Iranian Waters )Persian Gulf, Kish Island), we found it at depth of 2-8 m, and Maximum length is 7 cm in Kish Island (Iranian Waters). Adults of this species can grow up to 10 cm at maximum length. When they are breeding, males turn more yellowish. The marriages are a pair matter, but they Photo By: Ramin Ketabi, Tehran Univ. Kish Inter. Camp., Iran take place grouped. The males chose for the nest, a small dimple dug Editor:Shahla Jamili, Iran Fish. Sci. Res. Inst. (AREOO), Iran in the sand, the dead branch of madrepora or simply, one hospitable seaweed. Then they dance, moving up and down, like if they were jumping inside a virtual column of water, for attracting the attention of the females and show the competitors that is their place. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding. Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate. Males guard and aerate the eggs. Juveniles closely tied to individual coral heads. Diet: Chromis viridis is omnivorous. This fish also feeds Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and algae, copepods, Artemia, and amphipods. It feeds by ram jawing. Distribution: Chromis viridis is found in the Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, Eastern Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Sea, Australia, and Indonesia..
Recommended publications
  • Petition to List Eight Species of Pomacentrid Reef Fish, Including the Orange Clownfish and Seven Damselfish, As Threatened Or Endangered Under the U.S
    BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PETITION TO LIST EIGHT SPECIES OF POMACENTRID REEF FISH, INCLUDING THE ORANGE CLOWNFISH AND SEVEN DAMSELFISH, AS THREATENED OR ENDANGERED UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) photo by flickr user Jan Messersmith CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SUBMITTED SEPTEMBER 13, 2012 Notice of Petition Rebecca M. Blank Acting Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Samuel Rauch Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries NOAA Fisheries National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 1315 East-West Highway Silver Springs, MD 20910 E-mail: [email protected] PETITIONER Center for Biological Diversity 351 California Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel: (415) 436-9682 _____________________ Date: September 13, 2012 Shaye Wolf, Ph.D. Miyoko Sakashita Center for Biological Diversity Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e), and 50 C.F.R.§ 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS” or “NOAA Fisheries”), to list eight pomacentrid reef fish and to designate critical habitat to ensure their survival. The Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) is a non-profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of imperiled species and their habitats through science, policy, and environmental law. The Center has more than 350,000 members and online activists throughout the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Structure and Biogeography of Shore Fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
    Helgol Mar Res (2002) 55:252–284 DOI 10.1007/s10152-001-0090-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Maroof A. Khalaf · Marc Kochzius Community structure and biogeography of shore fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Received: 2 April 2001 / Received in revised form: 2 November 2001 / Accepted: 2 November 2001 / Published online: 24 January 2002 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2002 Abstract Shore fish community structure off the Jorda- Introduction nian Red Sea coast was determined on fringing coral reefs and in a seagrass-dominated bay at 6 m and 12 m Coral reefs are one of the most complex marine ecosys- depths. A total of 198 fish species belonging to 121 gen- tems in which fish communities reach their highest de- era and 43 families was recorded. Labridae and Poma- gree of diversity (Harmelin-Vivien 1989). Morphological centridae dominated the ichthyofauna in terms of species properties and the geographical region of the coral reef richness and Pomacentridae were most abundant. Nei- determine the structure of the fish assemblages (Sale ther diversity nor species richness was correlated to 1980; Thresher 1991; Williams 1991). The ichthyofauna depth. The abundance of fishes was higher at the deep of coral reefs can be linked to varying degrees with adja- reef slope, due to schooling planktivorous fishes. At cent habitats (Parrish 1989) such as seagrass meadows 12 m depth abundance of fishes at the seagrass-dominat- (Ogden 1980; Quinn and Ogden 1984; Roblee and ed site was higher than on the coral reefs. Multivariate Ziemann 1984; Kochzius 1999), algal beds (Rossier and analysis demonstrated a strong influence on the fish as- Kulbicki 2000) and mangroves (Birkeland 1985; Thollot semblages by depth and benthic habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • "Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Biogeography"
    A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea Item Type Article Authors DiBattista, Joseph; Roberts, May B.; Bouwmeester, Jessica; Bowen, Brian W.; Coker, Darren James; Lozano-Cortés, Diego; Howard Choat, J.; Gaither, Michelle R.; Hobbs, Jean-Paul A.; Khalil, Maha T.; Kochzius, Marc; Myers, Robert F.; Paulay, Gustav; Robitzch Sierra, Vanessa S. N.; Saenz Agudelo, Pablo; Salas, Eva; Sinclair-Taylor, Tane; Toonen, Robert J.; Westneat, Mark W.; Williams, Suzanne T.; Berumen, Michael L. Citation A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea 2015:n/a Journal of Biogeography Eprint version Post-print DOI 10.1111/jbi.12649 Publisher Wiley Journal Journal of Biogeography Rights This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: DiBattista, J. D., Roberts, M. B., Bouwmeester, J., Bowen, B. W., Coker, D. J., Lozano-Cortés, D. F., Howard Choat, J., Gaither, M. R., Hobbs, J.-P. A., Khalil, M. T., Kochzius, M., Myers, R. F., Paulay, G., Robitzch, V. S. N., Saenz-Agudelo, P., Salas, E., Sinclair-Taylor, T. H., Toonen, R. J., Westneat, M. W., Williams, S. T. and Berumen, M. L. (2015), A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea. Journal of Biogeography., which has been published in final form at http:// doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jbi.12649. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. Download date 23/09/2021 15:38:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/583300 1 Special Paper 2 For the virtual issue, "Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Biogeography" 3 LRH: J.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and Patterns of Asymmetrical Diversification in Body Size and Feeding Ecology
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.07.430149; this version posted February 8, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Phylogeny of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and patterns of asymmetrical diversification in body size and feeding ecology Charlene L. McCord a, W. James Cooper b, Chloe M. Nash c, d & Mark W. Westneat c, d a California State University Dominguez Hills, College of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747 b Western Washington University, Department of Biology and Program in Marine and Coastal Science, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225 c University of Chicago, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, 1027 E. 57th St, Chicago IL, 60637, USA d Field Museum of Natural History, Division of Fishes, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605 Corresponding author: Mark W. Westneat [email protected] Journal: PLoS One Keywords: Pomacentridae, phylogenetics, body size, diversification, evolution, ecotype Abstract The damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) inhabit near-shore communities in tropical and temperature oceans as one of the major lineages with ecological and economic importance for coral reef fish assemblages. Our understanding of their evolutionary ecology, morphology and function has often been advanced by increasingly detailed and accurate molecular phylogenies. Here we present the next stage of multi-locus, molecular phylogenetics for the group based on analysis of 12 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 330 of the 422 damselfish species.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromis Katoi, a New Species of Damselfish from the Izu Islands, Japan, with a Key to Species in the Chromis Notata Species Complex (Perciforms: Pomacentridae)
    aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Chromis katoi, a new species of damselfish from the Izu Islands, Japan, with a key to species in the Chromis notata species complex (Perciforms: Pomacentridae) Hiroki Iwatsubo1 and Hiroyuki Motomura2* 1) Kagoshima Museum of Aquatic Biodiversity, Kagoshima MS Building, 11-21 Nishisengoku, Kagoshima 892-0847, Japan 2) Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Received: 09 May 2018 – Accepted: 31 May 2018 Keywords Schwanzflosse bei erwachsenen Tieren (im Gegensatz zu Western Pacific Ocean, damselfishes, new species, einem breiten, waagerechten Band, das beide Lappen der Chromis kennensis, Chromis notata, Chromis pura, Chromis Schwanzflosse bei notata aufweisen), die gelbe Farbe des yamakawai, Chromis westaustralis ganzen Körpers bei Jungtieren (im Gegensatz zum gräulichen bis bräunlichen Farbton während des ganzen Abstract Lebens bei notata); außerdem hat die neue Art weniger we- Chromis katoi n. sp., a new damselfish (Pomacentridae) iche Rückenflossenstrahlen, mehr röhrenförmige Seiten- belonging to the Chromis notata species complex, is de- linien-Schuppen, Brustflossenstrahlen und Kiemen- scribed on the basis of 11 specimens collected at a depth of blättchen sowie eine größere Rumpftiefe und Prä- 18 m off Hachijo Island, Izu Islands, Japan. The new Analflossenlänge. Angefügt ist ein Bestimmungsschlüssel species is similar to C. notata in having an indistinct white für die Arten des C.-notata-Komplexes. blotch at the end of the dorsal-fin base, and 4 or 5 and 11 or 12 scale rows above and below the lateral line, respec- Sommario tively, but differs in having the spinous portion of the dor- Chromis katoi n.
    [Show full text]
  • Trait Decoupling Promotes Evolutionary Diversification of The
    Trait decoupling promotes evolutionary diversification of the trophic and acoustic system of damselfishes rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Bruno Fre´de´rich1, Damien Olivier1, Glenn Litsios2,3, Michael E. Alfaro4 and Eric Parmentier1 1Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Applied and Fundamental Fish Research Center, Universite´ de Lie`ge, 4000 Lie`ge, Belgium 2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Research 3Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Ge´nopode, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Cite this article: Fre´de´rich B, Olivier D, Litsios G, Alfaro ME, Parmentier E. 2014 Trait decou- Trait decoupling, wherein evolutionary release of constraints permits special- pling promotes evolutionary diversification of ization of formerly integrated structures, represents a major conceptual the trophic and acoustic system of damsel- framework for interpreting patterns of organismal diversity. However, few fishes. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20141047. empirical tests of this hypothesis exist. A central prediction, that the tempo of morphological evolution and ecological diversification should increase http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1047 following decoupling events, remains inadequately tested. In damselfishes (Pomacentridae), a ceratomandibular ligament links the hyoid bar and lower jaws, coupling two main morphofunctional units directly involved in both feeding and sound production. Here, we test the decoupling hypothesis Received: 2 May 2014 by examining the evolutionary consequences of the loss of the ceratomandib- Accepted: 9 June 2014 ular ligament in multiple damselfish lineages. As predicted, we find that rates of morphological evolution of trophic structures increased following the loss of the ligament.
    [Show full text]
  • Poisoned Waters
    POISONED WATERS How Cyanide Fishing and the Aquarium Trade Are Devastating Coral Reefs and Tropical Fish Center for Biological Diversity For the Fishes June 2016 Royal blue tang fish / H. Krisp Executive Summary mollusks, and other invertebrates are killed in the vicinity of the cyanide that’s squirted on the reefs to he release of Disney/Pixar’s Finding Dory stun fish so they can be captured for the pet trade. An is likely to fuel a rapid increase in sales of estimated square meter of corals dies for each fish Ttropical reef fish, including royal blue tangs, captured using cyanide.” the stars of this widely promoted new film. It is also Reef poisoning and destruction are expected to likely to drive a destructive increase in the illegal use become more severe and widespread following of cyanide to catch aquarium fish. Finding Dory. Previous movies such as Finding Nemo The problem is already widespread: A new Center and 101 Dalmatians triggered a demonstrable increase for Biological Diversity analysis finds that, on in consumer purchases of animals featured in those average, 6 million tropical marine fish imported films (orange clownfish and Dalmatians respectively). into the United States each year have been exposed In this report we detail the status of cyanide fishing to cyanide poisoning in places like the Philippines for the saltwater aquarium industry and its existing and Indonesia. An additional 14 million fish likely impacts on fish, coral and other reef inhabitants. We died after being poisoned in order to bring those also provide a series of recommendations, including 6 million fish to market, and even the survivors reiterating a call to the National Marine Fisheries are likely to die early because of their exposure to Service, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    CICHLIFORMES: Cichlidae (part 3) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 6.0 - 30 April 2021 Order CICHLIFORMES (part 3 of 8) Family CICHLIDAE Cichlids (part 3 of 7) Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae African Cichlids (Haplochromis through Konia) Haplochromis Hilgendorf 1888 haplo-, simple, proposed as a subgenus of Chromis with unnotched teeth (i.e., flattened and obliquely truncated teeth of H. obliquidens); Chromis, a name dating to Aristotle, possibly derived from chroemo (to neigh), referring to a drum (Sciaenidae) and its ability to make noise, later expanded to embrace cichlids, damselfishes, dottybacks and wrasses (all perch-like fishes once thought to be related), then beginning to be used in the names of African cichlid genera following Chromis (now Oreochromis) mossambicus Peters 1852 Haplochromis acidens Greenwood 1967 acies, sharp edge or point; dens, teeth, referring to its sharp, needle-like teeth Haplochromis adolphifrederici (Boulenger 1914) in honor explorer Adolf Friederich (1873-1969), Duke of Mecklenburg, leader of the Deutsche Zentral-Afrika Expedition (1907-1908), during which type was collected Haplochromis aelocephalus Greenwood 1959 aiolos, shifting, changing, variable; cephalus, head, referring to wide range of variation in head shape Haplochromis aeneocolor Greenwood 1973 aeneus, brazen, referring to “brassy appearance” or coloration of adult males, a possible double entendre (per Erwin Schraml) referring to both “dull bronze” color exhibited by some specimens and to what
    [Show full text]
  • Chromis Viridis)
    Mar. Res. Indonesia Vol.30, 2006: 15-20 EFFECTS OF CYANIDE ON ORNAMENTAL CORAL FISH (CHROMIS VIRIDIS) Z. Arifin and D. Hindarti Ecotoxicology Working Group, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jl. Pasir Putih I, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The use of cyanide particularly for fishing has caused concern for its impacts on aquatic marine life. This study was the first attempt to provide information on the effect of cyanide on tropical marine fish in Indonesia and aimed to determine the toxicity of cyanide to coral fish, Chromis viridis. The fish were exposed to 10,18,32,56 and 100 µg 1-1 of cyanide. These five cyanide concentrations were tested for 96- h period of exposure through a static-renewal. Cyanide was found to be very toxic to the fish. The 96-h -1 LC50 of cyanide for juvenile of Chromis viridis was 41.3 µg 1 . The toxicity of cyanide to C. viridis was 300 times stronger than that of the trace metal cadmium. Compared to milkfish fry (Chanos chanos), C. viridis was more sensitive to cyanide. It is estimated that at concentration of 32 µg 1-1 cyanide does not show observable effect (NOEC) to C. viridis. Meanwhile the lowest observable effect of cyanide (LOEC) to the fish is at a concentration of 56 µg 1-1. Keywords: Chromis viridis, coral fish, cyanides, lethal dose, toxicity INTRODUCTION In commercial market, cyanide comes in two distinct forms, sodium cyanide (NaCN) and Cyanide has been used for fishing in many potassium cyanide (KCN).
    [Show full text]
  • Pomacentridae): Structural and Expression Variation in Opsin Genes
    Molecular Ecology (2017) 26, 1323–1342 doi: 10.1111/mec.13968 Why UV vision and red vision are important for damselfish (Pomacentridae): structural and expression variation in opsin genes SARA M. STIEB,*† FABIO CORTESI,*† LORENZ SUEESS,* KAREN L. CARLETON,‡ WALTER SALZBURGER† and N. J. MARSHALL* *Sensory Neurobiology Group, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, †Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland, ‡Department of Biology, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Abstract Coral reefs belong to the most diverse ecosystems on our planet. The diversity in col- oration and lifestyles of coral reef fishes makes them a particularly promising system to study the role of visual communication and adaptation. Here, we investigated the evolution of visual pigment genes (opsins) in damselfish (Pomacentridae) and exam- ined whether structural and expression variation of opsins can be linked to ecology. Using DNA sequence data of a phylogenetically representative set of 31 damselfish species, we show that all but one visual opsin are evolving under positive selection. In addition, selection on opsin tuning sites, including cases of divergent, parallel, conver- gent and reversed evolution, has been strong throughout the radiation of damselfish, emphasizing the importance of visual tuning for this group. The highest functional variation in opsin protein sequences was observed in the short- followed by the long- wavelength end of the visual spectrum. Comparative gene expression analyses of a subset of the same species revealed that with SWS1, RH2B and RH2A always being expressed, damselfish use an overall short-wavelength shifted expression profile. Inter- estingly, not only did all species express SWS1 – a UV-sensitive opsin – and possess UV-transmitting lenses, most species also feature UV-reflective body parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Latitudinal Gradients in Atlantic Reef Fish Communities: Trophic Structure and Spatial Use Patterns
    Journal of Fish Biology (2004) 64, 1680–1699 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00428.x,availableonlineathttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com Latitudinal gradients in Atlantic reef fish communities: trophic structure and spatial use patterns S. R. FLOETER*†,C.E.L.FERREIRA‡, A. DOMINICI-AROSEMENA§ AND I. R. ZALMON* *Lab. de Cieˆncias Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28 013-600, Brasil, ‡Depto. de Oceanografia, IEAPM, Rua Kioto 253, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, 28 930-000, Brasil and §Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28 359, Bremen, Germany (Received 1 August 2003, Accepted 19 March 2004) Trophic strategies and spatial use habits were investigated in reef fish communities. The results supported the hypothesis of differential use of food resources among tropical and higher latitude reef fishes, i.e. the number of species and relative abundance of fishes relying on relatively low-quality food significantly decreased from tropical to temperate latitudes. The species : genus ratio of low-quality food consumers increased toward the tropics, and was higher than the overall ratio considering all fishes in the assemblages. This supports the view that higher speciation rates occurred among this guild of fishes in warm waters. It was also demonstrated that density of herbivorous fishes (the dominant group relying on low-quality food resources) in the western Atlantic decreased from tropical to temperate latitudes. Spatial use and mobility varied with latitude and consequently reef type and complexity. Fishes with small-size home ranges predominated on tropical coral reefs. # 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles Key words: community structure; herbivory; latitudinal gradient; macroecology; reef fishes.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Billing Code
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/03/2014 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2014-20955, and on FDsys.gov Billing Code: 3510-22-P DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 223 [Docket No. 130718637-3637-01] RIN 0648-XC775 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List Seven Indo-Pacific Species of Pomacentrid Reef Fish as Threatened or Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of 90-day petition finding, request for information. SUMMARY: We (NMFS) announce a 90-day finding on seven Indo-Pacific species included in a petition to list eight species of pomacentrid reef fish as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). These are the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and six other damselfishes: the Hawaiian dascyllus (Dascyllus albisella), blue-eyed damselfish (Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus), black-axil chromis (Chromis atripectoralis), blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis), reticulated damselfish (Dascyllus reticulatus), and blackbar devil or Dick’s damselfish (Plectroglyphidodon dickii). Another of our regional offices is leading the response to the petition to list the yellowtail damselfish (Microspathodon chrysurus) and a separate 90-day finding will be issued later for this species. We find that the petition presents substantial information indicating that the petitioned action may be warranted for the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula). We will conduct a status review for this species to determine if 1 the petitioned action is warranted. To ensure that the status review is comprehensive, we are soliciting scientific and commercial information pertaining to Amphiprion percula from any interested party.
    [Show full text]