DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Register/Vol. 80, No. 163/Monday, August 24, 2015/Notices

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Register/Vol. 80, No. 163/Monday, August 24, 2015/Notices Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 163 / Monday, August 24, 2015 / Notices 51235 Council to comment more quickly on FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: determination, we first consider proposed activities and projects, and Krista Graham, NMFS, Pacific Islands whether a group of organisms enable the Council to work more Regional Office, (808) 725–5152; or constitutes a ‘‘species’’ under the ESA, effectively in addressing fish habitat and Kimberly Maison, NMFS, Pacific Islands then whether the status of the species ecosystem issues in our region. Regional Office, (808) 725–5143; or qualifies it for listing as either Chelsey Young, NMFS, Office of threatened or endangered. Section 3 of Special Accommodations Protected Resources, (301) 427–8491. the ESA defines ‘‘species’’ to include The meeting is physically accessible SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: ‘‘any subspecies of fish or wildlife or to people with disabilities. Requests for plants, and any distinct population sign language interpretation or other Background segment of any species of vertebrate fish auxiliary aid should be directed to M. On September 14, 2012, we received or wildlife which interbreeds when Jan Saunders, (302) 526–5251, at least 5 a petition from the Center for Biological mature.’’ On February 7, 1996, NMFS days prior to the meeting date. Diversity (Center for Biological and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dated: August 19, 2015. Diversity, 2012) to list eight species of (USFWS; together, the Services) adopted pomacentrid reef fish as threatened or a policy describing what constitutes a Emily H. Menashes, endangered under the ESA and to distinct population segment (DPS) of a Deputy Director, Office of Sustainable designate critical habitat for these taxonomic species (the DPS Policy; 61 Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service. species concurrent with the listing. The FR 4722). The DPS Policy identifies two [FR Doc. 2015–20831 Filed 8–21–15; 8:45 am] species are the orange clownfish elements that must be considered when BILLING CODE 3510–22–P (Amphiprion percula) and seven other identifying a DPS: (1) The discreteness damselfishes: The yellowtail damselfish of the population segment in relation to (Microspathodon chrysurus), Hawaiian the remainder of the species (or DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE dascyllus (Dascyllus albisella), blue- subspecies) to which it belongs; and (2) National Oceanic and Atmospheric eyed damselfish (Plectroglyphidodon the significance of the population Administration johnstonianus), black-axil chromis segment to the remainder of the species (Chromis atripectoralis), blue-green (or subspecies) to which it belongs. As [Docket No. 130718637–5699–02] damselfish (Chromis viridis), reticulated stated in the DPS Policy, Congress damselfish (Dascyllus reticulatus), and expressed its expectation that the RIN 0648–XC775 blackbar devil or Dick’s damselfish Services would exercise authority with (Plectroglyphidodon dickii). Given the regard to DPSs sparingly and only when Endangered and Threatened Wildlife geographic ranges of these species, we the biological evidence indicates such and Plants; Notice of 12-Month Finding divided our initial response to the action is warranted. Based on the on a Petition To List the Orange petition between our Pacific Islands scientific information available, we Clownfish as Threatened or Regional Office (PIRO) and Southeast determined that the orange clownfish Endangered Under the Endangered Regional Office (SERO). PIRO led the (Amphiprion percula) is a ‘‘species’’ Species Act response for the seven Indo-Pacific under the ESA. There is nothing in the AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries species. On September 3, 2014, PIRO scientific literature indicating that this Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and published a positive 90-day finding (79 species should be further divided into Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), FR 52276) for the orange clownfish subspecies or DPSs. Commerce. announcing that the petition presented Section 3 of the ESA defines an substantial scientific or commercial endangered species as ‘‘any species ACTION: Notice of 12-month finding and information indicating the petitioned which is in danger of extinction availability of a status review report. action of listing the orange clownfish throughout all or a significant portion of SUMMARY: We, NMFS, announce a 12- may be warranted and explained the its range’’ and a threatened species as month finding and listing determination basis for that finding. We also one ‘‘which is likely to become an on a petition to list the orange clownfish announced a negative 90-day finding for endangered species within the (Amphiprion percula) as threatened or the six Indo-Pacific damselfishes: The foreseeable future throughout all or a endangered under the Endangered Hawaiian dascyllus, blue-eyed significant portion of its range.’’ We Species Act (ESA). We have completed damselfish, black-axil chromis, blue- interpret an ‘‘endangered species’’ to be a comprehensive status review under green damselfish, reticulated one that is presently in danger of the ESA for the orange clownfish and damselfish, and blackbar devil or Dick’s extinction. A ‘‘threatened species,’’ on we determined that, based on the best damselfish. SERO led the response to the other hand, is not presently at risk scientific and commercial data the petition to list the yellowtail of extinction, but is likely to become so available, the orange clownfish does not damselfish and, on February 18, 2015, in the foreseeable future. In other words, warrant listing under the ESA. We announced a negative 90-day finding for the primary statutory difference conclude that the orange clownfish is that species (80 FR 8619). between an endangered and threatened In our positive 90-day finding for the not currently in danger of extinction species is the timing of when a species orange clownfish, we also announced throughout all or a significant portion of may be in danger of extinction, either the initiation of a status review of the presently (endangered) or in the its range and is not likely to become so species, as required by section 4(b)(3)(A) foreseeable future (threatened). within the foreseeable future. of the ESA, and requested information When we consider whether a species DATES: The finding announced in this to inform the agency’s decision on might qualify as threatened under the notice was made on August 24, 2015. whether the species warranted listing as ESA, we must consider the meaning of ADDRESSES: You can obtain the petition, endangered or threatened under the the term ‘‘foreseeable future.’’ It is status review report, 12-month finding, ESA. appropriate to interpret ‘‘foreseeable and the list of references electronically We are responsible for determining future’’ as the horizon over which on our NMFS Web site at: http:// whether species are threatened or predictions about the conservation www.fpir.noaa.gov/PRD/prd_reef_ endangered under the ESA (16 U.S.C. status of the species can be reasonably fish.html. 1531 et seq.). To make this relied upon. The foreseeable future VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:48 Aug 21, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\24AUN1.SGM 24AUN1 tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES 51236 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 163 / Monday, August 24, 2015 / Notices considers the life history of the species, the foreseeable future, throughout all of individually and collectively provide habitat characteristics, availability of its range. strong indicators of extinction risk. data, particular threats, ability to predict (3) The range of a species is Scientific conclusions about the threats, and the reliability to forecast the considered to be the general overall risk of extinction faced by the effects of these threats and future events geographical area within which that orange clownfish under present on the status of the species under species can be found at the time USFWS conditions and in the foreseeable future consideration. Because a species may be or NMFS makes any particular status are based on our evaluation of the susceptible to a variety of threats for determination. This range includes species’ demographic risks and section which different data are available, or those areas used throughout all or part 4(a)(1) threat factors. Our assessment of which operate across different time of the species’ life cycle, even if they are overall extinction risk considered the scales, the foreseeable future is not not used regularly (e.g., seasonal likelihood and contribution of each necessarily reducible to a particular habitats). Lost historical range is particular factor, synergies among number of years. In determining an relevant to the analysis of the status of contributing factors, and the cumulative appropriate ‘‘foreseeable future’’ the species, but it cannot constitute an effects of all demographic risks and timeframe for the orange clownfish, we SPR. threats to the species. considered the generation length of the (4) If a species is not endangered or NMFS PIRO staff conducted the status species and the estimated life span of threatened throughout all of its range review for the orange clownfish. In the species. Generation length, which but is endangered or threatened within order to complete the status review, we reflects turnover of breeding individuals an SPR, and the population in that compiled information on the species’ and accounts for non-breeding older significant portion is a valid DPS, we biology, demography, ecology, life individuals, is greater than first age of will list the DPS rather than the entire history, threats, and conservation status breeding but lower than the oldest taxonomic species or subspecies. from information contained in the breeding individual (IUCN 2015) (i.e., We considered this policy in petition, our files, a comprehensive the age at which half of total evaluating whether to list the orange literature search, and consultation with reproductive output is achieved by an clownfish as endangered or threatened experts. We also considered information individual). For the orange clownfish, under the ESA. submitted by the public in response to we estimated this to range between 6 Section 4(a)(1) of the ESA requires us our petition findings.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Petition to List Eight Species of Pomacentrid Reef Fish, Including the Orange Clownfish and Seven Damselfish, As Threatened Or Endangered Under the U.S
    BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PETITION TO LIST EIGHT SPECIES OF POMACENTRID REEF FISH, INCLUDING THE ORANGE CLOWNFISH AND SEVEN DAMSELFISH, AS THREATENED OR ENDANGERED UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) photo by flickr user Jan Messersmith CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SUBMITTED SEPTEMBER 13, 2012 Notice of Petition Rebecca M. Blank Acting Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Samuel Rauch Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries NOAA Fisheries National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 1315 East-West Highway Silver Springs, MD 20910 E-mail: [email protected] PETITIONER Center for Biological Diversity 351 California Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel: (415) 436-9682 _____________________ Date: September 13, 2012 Shaye Wolf, Ph.D. Miyoko Sakashita Center for Biological Diversity Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e), and 50 C.F.R.§ 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS” or “NOAA Fisheries”), to list eight pomacentrid reef fish and to designate critical habitat to ensure their survival. The Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) is a non-profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of imperiled species and their habitats through science, policy, and environmental law. The Center has more than 350,000 members and online activists throughout the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Structure and Biogeography of Shore Fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
    Helgol Mar Res (2002) 55:252–284 DOI 10.1007/s10152-001-0090-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Maroof A. Khalaf · Marc Kochzius Community structure and biogeography of shore fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Received: 2 April 2001 / Received in revised form: 2 November 2001 / Accepted: 2 November 2001 / Published online: 24 January 2002 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2002 Abstract Shore fish community structure off the Jorda- Introduction nian Red Sea coast was determined on fringing coral reefs and in a seagrass-dominated bay at 6 m and 12 m Coral reefs are one of the most complex marine ecosys- depths. A total of 198 fish species belonging to 121 gen- tems in which fish communities reach their highest de- era and 43 families was recorded. Labridae and Poma- gree of diversity (Harmelin-Vivien 1989). Morphological centridae dominated the ichthyofauna in terms of species properties and the geographical region of the coral reef richness and Pomacentridae were most abundant. Nei- determine the structure of the fish assemblages (Sale ther diversity nor species richness was correlated to 1980; Thresher 1991; Williams 1991). The ichthyofauna depth. The abundance of fishes was higher at the deep of coral reefs can be linked to varying degrees with adja- reef slope, due to schooling planktivorous fishes. At cent habitats (Parrish 1989) such as seagrass meadows 12 m depth abundance of fishes at the seagrass-dominat- (Ogden 1980; Quinn and Ogden 1984; Roblee and ed site was higher than on the coral reefs. Multivariate Ziemann 1984; Kochzius 1999), algal beds (Rossier and analysis demonstrated a strong influence on the fish as- Kulbicki 2000) and mangroves (Birkeland 1985; Thollot semblages by depth and benthic habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • "Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Biogeography"
    A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea Item Type Article Authors DiBattista, Joseph; Roberts, May B.; Bouwmeester, Jessica; Bowen, Brian W.; Coker, Darren James; Lozano-Cortés, Diego; Howard Choat, J.; Gaither, Michelle R.; Hobbs, Jean-Paul A.; Khalil, Maha T.; Kochzius, Marc; Myers, Robert F.; Paulay, Gustav; Robitzch Sierra, Vanessa S. N.; Saenz Agudelo, Pablo; Salas, Eva; Sinclair-Taylor, Tane; Toonen, Robert J.; Westneat, Mark W.; Williams, Suzanne T.; Berumen, Michael L. Citation A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea 2015:n/a Journal of Biogeography Eprint version Post-print DOI 10.1111/jbi.12649 Publisher Wiley Journal Journal of Biogeography Rights This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: DiBattista, J. D., Roberts, M. B., Bouwmeester, J., Bowen, B. W., Coker, D. J., Lozano-Cortés, D. F., Howard Choat, J., Gaither, M. R., Hobbs, J.-P. A., Khalil, M. T., Kochzius, M., Myers, R. F., Paulay, G., Robitzch, V. S. N., Saenz-Agudelo, P., Salas, E., Sinclair-Taylor, T. H., Toonen, R. J., Westneat, M. W., Williams, S. T. and Berumen, M. L. (2015), A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea. Journal of Biogeography., which has been published in final form at http:// doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jbi.12649. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. Download date 23/09/2021 15:38:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/583300 1 Special Paper 2 For the virtual issue, "Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean Biogeography" 3 LRH: J.
    [Show full text]
  • Trait Decoupling Promotes Evolutionary Diversification of The
    Trait decoupling promotes evolutionary diversification of the trophic and acoustic system of damselfishes rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Bruno Fre´de´rich1, Damien Olivier1, Glenn Litsios2,3, Michael E. Alfaro4 and Eric Parmentier1 1Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Applied and Fundamental Fish Research Center, Universite´ de Lie`ge, 4000 Lie`ge, Belgium 2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Research 3Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Ge´nopode, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Cite this article: Fre´de´rich B, Olivier D, Litsios G, Alfaro ME, Parmentier E. 2014 Trait decou- Trait decoupling, wherein evolutionary release of constraints permits special- pling promotes evolutionary diversification of ization of formerly integrated structures, represents a major conceptual the trophic and acoustic system of damsel- framework for interpreting patterns of organismal diversity. However, few fishes. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20141047. empirical tests of this hypothesis exist. A central prediction, that the tempo of morphological evolution and ecological diversification should increase http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1047 following decoupling events, remains inadequately tested. In damselfishes (Pomacentridae), a ceratomandibular ligament links the hyoid bar and lower jaws, coupling two main morphofunctional units directly involved in both feeding and sound production. Here, we test the decoupling hypothesis Received: 2 May 2014 by examining the evolutionary consequences of the loss of the ceratomandib- Accepted: 9 June 2014 ular ligament in multiple damselfish lineages. As predicted, we find that rates of morphological evolution of trophic structures increased following the loss of the ligament.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Live Coral Habitat for Reef Fishes and Its Role in Key Ecological Processes
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Coker, Darren J. (2012) The importance of live coral habitat for reef fishes and its role in key ecological processes. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/23714/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/23714/ THE IMPORTANCE OF LIVE CORAL HABITAT FOR REEF FISHES AND ITS ROLE IN KEY ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES Thesis submitted by Darren J. Coker (B.Sc, GDipResMeth) May 2012 For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and AIMS@JCU James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, Australia Statement of access I, the undersigned, the author of this thesis, understand that James Cook University will make it available for use within the University Library and via the Australian Digital Thesis Network for use elsewhere. I understand that as an unpublished work this thesis has significant protection under the Copyright Act and I do not wish to put any further restrictions upon access to this thesis. Signature Date ii Statement of sources Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at my university or other institution of tertiary education. Information derived from the published or unpublished work of others has been acknowledged in the text and a list of references is given.
    [Show full text]
  • Poisoned Waters
    POISONED WATERS How Cyanide Fishing and the Aquarium Trade Are Devastating Coral Reefs and Tropical Fish Center for Biological Diversity For the Fishes June 2016 Royal blue tang fish / H. Krisp Executive Summary mollusks, and other invertebrates are killed in the vicinity of the cyanide that’s squirted on the reefs to he release of Disney/Pixar’s Finding Dory stun fish so they can be captured for the pet trade. An is likely to fuel a rapid increase in sales of estimated square meter of corals dies for each fish Ttropical reef fish, including royal blue tangs, captured using cyanide.” the stars of this widely promoted new film. It is also Reef poisoning and destruction are expected to likely to drive a destructive increase in the illegal use become more severe and widespread following of cyanide to catch aquarium fish. Finding Dory. Previous movies such as Finding Nemo The problem is already widespread: A new Center and 101 Dalmatians triggered a demonstrable increase for Biological Diversity analysis finds that, on in consumer purchases of animals featured in those average, 6 million tropical marine fish imported films (orange clownfish and Dalmatians respectively). into the United States each year have been exposed In this report we detail the status of cyanide fishing to cyanide poisoning in places like the Philippines for the saltwater aquarium industry and its existing and Indonesia. An additional 14 million fish likely impacts on fish, coral and other reef inhabitants. We died after being poisoned in order to bring those also provide a series of recommendations, including 6 million fish to market, and even the survivors reiterating a call to the National Marine Fisheries are likely to die early because of their exposure to Service, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Disneynature DOLPHIN REEF Educator's Guide
    Educator’s Guide Grades 2-6 n DOLPHIN REEF, Disneynature dives under the sea Ito frolic with some of the planet’s most engaging animals: dolphins. Echo is a young bottlenose dolphin who can’t quite decide if it’s time to grow up and take on new responsibilities—or give in to his silly side and just have fun. Dolphin society is tricky, and the coral reef that Echo and his family call home depends on all of its inhabitants to keep it healthy. But with humpback whales, orcas, sea turtles and cuttlefish seemingly begging for his attention, Echo has a tough time resisting all that the ocean has to offer. The Disneynature DOLPHIN REEF Educator’s Guide includes multiple standards-aligned lessons and activities targeted to grades 2 through 6. The guide introduces students to a variety of topics, including: • Animal Behavior • Biodiversity • Culture and the Arts and Natural History • Earth’s Systems • Making a Positive Difference • Habitat and Ecosystems for Wildlife Worldwide Educator’s Guide Objectives 3 Increase students’ 3 Enhance students’ viewing 3 Promote life-long 3 Empower you and your knowledge of the of the Disneynature film conservation values students to create positive amazing animals and DOLPHIN REEF and and STEAM-based skills changes for wildlife in habitats of Earth’s oceans inspire an appreciation through outdoor natural your school, community through interactive, for the wildlife and wild exploration and discovery. and world. interdisciplinary and places featured in the film. inquiry-based lessons. Disney.com/nature 2 Content provided by education experts at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment © 2019 Disney Enterprises, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromis Viridis)
    Mar. Res. Indonesia Vol.30, 2006: 15-20 EFFECTS OF CYANIDE ON ORNAMENTAL CORAL FISH (CHROMIS VIRIDIS) Z. Arifin and D. Hindarti Ecotoxicology Working Group, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jl. Pasir Putih I, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The use of cyanide particularly for fishing has caused concern for its impacts on aquatic marine life. This study was the first attempt to provide information on the effect of cyanide on tropical marine fish in Indonesia and aimed to determine the toxicity of cyanide to coral fish, Chromis viridis. The fish were exposed to 10,18,32,56 and 100 µg 1-1 of cyanide. These five cyanide concentrations were tested for 96- h period of exposure through a static-renewal. Cyanide was found to be very toxic to the fish. The 96-h -1 LC50 of cyanide for juvenile of Chromis viridis was 41.3 µg 1 . The toxicity of cyanide to C. viridis was 300 times stronger than that of the trace metal cadmium. Compared to milkfish fry (Chanos chanos), C. viridis was more sensitive to cyanide. It is estimated that at concentration of 32 µg 1-1 cyanide does not show observable effect (NOEC) to C. viridis. Meanwhile the lowest observable effect of cyanide (LOEC) to the fish is at a concentration of 56 µg 1-1. Keywords: Chromis viridis, coral fish, cyanides, lethal dose, toxicity INTRODUCTION In commercial market, cyanide comes in two distinct forms, sodium cyanide (NaCN) and Cyanide has been used for fishing in many potassium cyanide (KCN).
    [Show full text]
  • Pomacentridae): Structural and Expression Variation in Opsin Genes
    Molecular Ecology (2017) 26, 1323–1342 doi: 10.1111/mec.13968 Why UV vision and red vision are important for damselfish (Pomacentridae): structural and expression variation in opsin genes SARA M. STIEB,*† FABIO CORTESI,*† LORENZ SUEESS,* KAREN L. CARLETON,‡ WALTER SALZBURGER† and N. J. MARSHALL* *Sensory Neurobiology Group, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, †Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland, ‡Department of Biology, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Abstract Coral reefs belong to the most diverse ecosystems on our planet. The diversity in col- oration and lifestyles of coral reef fishes makes them a particularly promising system to study the role of visual communication and adaptation. Here, we investigated the evolution of visual pigment genes (opsins) in damselfish (Pomacentridae) and exam- ined whether structural and expression variation of opsins can be linked to ecology. Using DNA sequence data of a phylogenetically representative set of 31 damselfish species, we show that all but one visual opsin are evolving under positive selection. In addition, selection on opsin tuning sites, including cases of divergent, parallel, conver- gent and reversed evolution, has been strong throughout the radiation of damselfish, emphasizing the importance of visual tuning for this group. The highest functional variation in opsin protein sequences was observed in the short- followed by the long- wavelength end of the visual spectrum. Comparative gene expression analyses of a subset of the same species revealed that with SWS1, RH2B and RH2A always being expressed, damselfish use an overall short-wavelength shifted expression profile. Inter- estingly, not only did all species express SWS1 – a UV-sensitive opsin – and possess UV-transmitting lenses, most species also feature UV-reflective body parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion Percula)
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-PIFSC-52 April 2016 doi:10.7289/V5J10152 Status Review Report: Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) Kimberly A. Maison and Krista S. Graham Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce About this document The mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment and to conserve and manage coastal and oceanic marine resources and habitats to help meet our Nation’s economic, social, and environmental needs. As a branch of NOAA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) conducts or sponsors research and monitoring programs to improve the scientific basis for conservation and management decisions. NMFS strives to make information about the purpose, methods, and results of its scientific studies widely available. NMFS’ Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS series to achieve timely dissemination of scientific and technical information that is of high quality but inappropriate for publication in the formal peer- reviewed literature. The contents are of broad scope, including technical workshop proceedings, large data compilations, status reports and reviews, lengthy scientific or statistical monographs, and more. NOAA Technical Memoranda published by the PIFSC, although informal, are subjected to extensive review and editing and reflect sound professional work. Accordingly, they may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. A NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS issued by the PIFSC may be cited using the following format: Maison, K. A., and K. S. Graham. 2016. Status Review Report: Orange Clownfish (Amphiprion percula).
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Trade in Marine Ornamental Species
    From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNEP World Conservation This report would not have been The authors would like to thank Helen Monitoring Centre possible without the participation of Corrigan for her help with the analyses 219 Huntingdon Road many colleagues from the Marine of CITES data, and Sarah Ferriss for Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Aquarium Council, particularly assisting in assembling information Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Aquilino A. Alvarez, Paul Holthus and and analysing Annex D and GMAD data Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Peter Scott, and all trading companies on Hippocampus spp. We are grateful E-mail: [email protected] who made data available to us for to Neville Ash for reviewing and editing Website: www.unep-wcmc.org inclusion into GMAD. The kind earlier versions of the manuscript. Director: Mark Collins assistance of Akbar, John Brandt, Thanks also for additional John Caldwell, Lucy Conway, Emily comments to Katharina Fabricius, THE UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION Corcoran, Keith Davenport, John Daphné Fautin, Bert Hoeksema, Caroline MONITORING CENTRE is the biodiversity Dawes, MM Faugère et Gavand, Cédric Raymakers and Charles Veron; for assessment and policy implemen- Genevois, Thomas Jung, Peter Karn, providing reprints, to Alan Friedlander, tation arm of the United Nations Firoze Nathani, Manfred Menzel, Julie Hawkins, Sherry Larkin and Tom Environment Programme (UNEP), the Davide di Mohtarami, Edward Molou, Ogawa; and for providing the picture on world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Petition for Revised State Water Quality Standards For
    PETITION FOR REVISED STATE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MARINE PH UNDER THE CLEAN WATER ACT, 33 U.S.C. § 1313(C)(4) BEFORE THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OCTOBER 18, 2012 Petitioner The Center for Biological Diversity is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the protection of imperiled species and their habitats through science, education, policy, and environmental law. The Center has over 450,000 members and online activists. The Center submits this petition on its own behalf and on behalf of its members and staff. The Center for Biological Diversity’s contact information is: Center for Biological Diversity 351 California St., Ste. 600 San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel: 415‐436‐9682 Fax: 415‐436‐9683 Respectfully submitted, ______________________ Emily Jeffers Staff Attorney Oceans Program [email protected] Right to Petition The right of an interested party to petition a federal agency is a freedom guaranteed by the first amendment: “Congress shall make no law … abridging the … right of people … to petition the Government for redress of grievances.” U.S. Const., Amend I. See also United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Ass’n, 389 U.S. 217, 222 (1967) (right to petition for redress of grievances is among most precious of liberties without which the government could erode rights). Under the Administrative Procedures Act (APA), all citizens have the right to petition for the “issuance, amendment, or repeal” of an agency rule. 5 U.S.C. § 553(e). A “rule” is the “whole or a part of an agency statement of general or particular applicability and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy.” 5 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]