Teacher's Guide to Animal Camouflage:The MATCH Box Project; Prototype Edition
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On Visual Art and Camouflage
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Faculty Publications Faculty Work 1978 On Visual Art and Camouflage Roy R. Behrens University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1978 The MIT Press Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/art_facpub Part of the Art and Design Commons Recommended Citation Behrens, Roy R., "On Visual Art and Camouflage" (1978). Faculty Publications. 7. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/art_facpub/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Leonardo. Vol. 11, pp. 203-204. 0024--094X/78/070 I -0203S02.00/0 6 Pergamon Press Ltd. 1978. Printed in Great Britain. ON VISUAL ART AND CAMOUFLAGE Roy R. Behrens* In a number of books on visual fine art and design [ 1, 21, countershading makes a 3-dimensional object seem flat, there is mention of the kinship between camouflage and while normal shading in flat paintings can make a painting, but no one has, to my knowledge, pursued it. I depicted object appear to be 3-dimensional. He also have intermittently researched this relationship for discussed the function of disruptive patterning, in which several years, and my initial observations have recently even the most brilliant colors may contribute to the been published [3]. Now I have been awarded a faculty destruction of an animal’s outline. While Thayer’s research grant from the Graduate School of the description of countershading is still respected, his book is University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee to pursue this considered somewhat fanciful because of exaggerated subject in depth. -
Adaptations for Survival: Symbioses, Camouflage & Mimicry
Adaptations for Survival: Symbioses, Camouflage & Mimicry OCN 201 Biology Lecture 11 http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/03/24_octopus.shtml Symbiosis • Parasitism - negative effect on host • Commensalism - no effect on host • Mutualism - both parties benefit Often involves food but benefits may also include protection from predators, dispersal, or habitat Parasitism Leeches (Segmented Worms) Tongue Louse (Crustacean) Nematodes (Roundworms) Commensalism or Mutualism? Anemone shrimp http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ Anemone fish http://www.scuba-equipment-usa.com/marine/APR04/ Mutualism Cleaner Shrimp and Eel http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ Whale Barnacles & Lice What kinds of symbioses are these? Commensal Parasite Camouflage • Often important for predators and prey to avoid being seen • Predators to catch their prey and prey to hide from their predators • Camouflage: Passive or adaptive Passive Camouflage Countershading Sharks Birds Countershading coloration of the Caribbean reef shark © George Ryschkewitsch Fish JONATHAN CHESTER Mammals shiftingbaselines.org/blog/big_tuna.jpg http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/cetaceans/orca_spyhopping-noaa.jpg Passive Camouflage http://www.cspangler.com/images/photos/aquarium/weedy-sea-dragon2.jpg Adaptive Camouflage Camouflage by Accessorizing Decorator crab Friday Harbor Marine Health Observatory http://www.projectnoah.org/ Camouflage by Mimicry http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/03/24_octopus.shtml Mimicry • Animals can gain protection (or even access to prey) by looking -
Countershading Prevents Organisms Above, Seeing This the Ears Assist in Heat Loss As They Species Below (Due to Its Dark Are Highly Vascularised
Bilby Butterfly Camel Long eyelashes help to keep sand The pattern and appearance on The sense of hearing and smell is out of the eyes, and nostrils in this species is used as a deterrent strong in this species. Their ears the shape of slits to prevent sand for predators. The two spots can are used to regulate heat and from entering the nasal cavity. be mistaken for two large eyes assist in heat loss in the warm Additionally, this species urine by a predator, therefore avoiding climate is highly concentrated to reduce predation water loss Dolphin Elephant Eucalyptus Tree Countershading prevents organisms above, seeing this The ears assist in heat loss as they species below (due to its dark are highly vascularised. The large Leaves hang downward to prevent colour). Contrastingly, if a total surface area to volume ratio excessive exposure to sunlight, predator is beneath this species, helps this species to maximise which also reduces water loss they are unable to distinguish this heat loss species swimming above due to its light colour underneath Fennec Fox Hummingbird Kangaroo This species has a fur colour This species cools down and similar to its environment to The small size of this species, lowers its body temperature by camouflage itself from other and the shape of the beak allows licking their forearms, as they predators. Additionally the large this species to reach far into the have a large capillary network highly vascularised ears help flowers’ centre to feed on the close to the surface of their skin. to lower body temperature to nectar This species also uses their tail as prevent excessive heating a counterweight for balance Katydid Mangrove Leaf Monstera This species lives in rainforests. -
Factors Affecting Counterillumination As a Cryptic Strategy
Reference: Biol. Bull. 207: 1–16. (August 2004) © 2004 Marine Biological Laboratory Propagation and Perception of Bioluminescence: Factors Affecting Counterillumination as a Cryptic Strategy SO¨ NKE JOHNSEN1,*, EDITH A. WIDDER2, AND CURTIS D. MOBLEY3 1Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708; 2Marine Science Division, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34946; and 3Sequoia Scientific Inc., Bellevue, Washington 98005 Abstract. Many deep-sea species, particularly crusta- was partially offset by the higher contrast attenuation at ceans, cephalopods, and fish, use photophores to illuminate shallow depths, which reduced the sighting distance of their ventral surfaces and thus disguise their silhouettes mismatches. This research has implications for the study of from predators viewing them from below. This strategy has spatial resolution, contrast sensitivity, and color discrimina- several potential limitations, two of which are examined tion in deep-sea visual systems. here. First, a predator with acute vision may be able to detect the individual photophores on the ventral surface. Introduction Second, a predator may be able to detect any mismatch between the spectrum of the bioluminescence and that of the Counterillumination is a common form of crypsis in the background light. The first limitation was examined by open ocean (Latz, 1995; Harper and Case, 1999; Widder, modeling the perceived images of the counterillumination 1999). Its prevalence is due to the fact that, because the of the squid Abralia veranyi and the myctophid fish Cera- downwelling light is orders of magnitude brighter than the toscopelus maderensis as a function of the distance and upwelling light, even an animal with white ventral colora- visual acuity of the viewer. -
Deceptive Coloration - Natureworks 01/04/20, 11:58 AM
Deceptive Coloration - NatureWorks 01/04/20, 11:58 AM Deceptive Coloration Deceptive coloration is when an organism's color Mimicry fools either its predators or its prey. There are two Some animals and plants look like other things -- types of deceptive coloration: camouflage and they mimic them. Mimicry is another type of mimicry. deceptive coloration. It can protect the mimic from Camouflage predators or hide the mimic from prey. If mimicry was a play, there would be three characters. The Model - the species or object that is copied. The Mimic - looks and acts like another species or object. The Dupe- the tricked predator or prey. The poisonous Camouflage helps an organism blend in with its coral snake surroundings. Camouflage can be colors or and the patterns or both. When organisms are harmless camouflaged, they are harder to find. This means king snake predators have to spend a longer time finding can look a them. That's a waste of energy! When a predator is lot alike. camouflaged, it makes it easier to sneak up on or Predators surprise its prey. will avoid Blending In: Stripes or Solids? the king snake because they think it is poisonous. This type There are of mimicry is called Batesian mimicry. In lots of Batesian mimicry a harmless species mimics a different toxic or dangerous species. examples of The viceroy butterfly and monarch butterfly were once thought to camouflage. Some colors and patterns help exhibit animals blend into areas with light and shadow. Batesian The tiger's stripes help it blend into tall grass. Its mimicry golden brown strips blend in with the grass and the where a dark brown and black stripes merge with darker harmless shadows. -
Antipredator Deception in Terrestrial Vertebrates
Current Zoology 60 (1): 16–25, 2014 Antipredator deception in terrestrial vertebrates Tim CARO* Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, and Center of Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Abstract Deceptive antipredator defense mechanisms fall into three categories: depriving predators of knowledge of prey’s presence, providing cues that deceive predators about prey handling, and dishonest signaling. Deceptive defenses in terrestrial vertebrates include aspects of crypsis such as background matching and countershading, visual and acoustic Batesian mimicry, active defenses that make animals seem more difficult to handle such as increase in apparent size and threats, feigning injury and death, distractive behaviours, and aspects of flight. After reviewing these defenses, I attempt a preliminary evaluation of which aspects of antipredator deception are most widespread in amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds [Current Zoology 60 (1): 16 25, 2014]. Keywords Amphibians, Birds, Defenses, Dishonesty, Mammals, Prey, Reptiles 1 Introduction homeotherms may increase the distance between prey and the pursuing predator or dupe the predator about the In this paper I review forms of deceptive antipredator flight path trajectory, or both (FitzGibbon, 1990). defenses in terrestrial vertebrates, a topic that has been Last, an antipredator defense may be a dishonest largely ignored for 25 years (Pough, 1988). I limit my signal. Bradbury and Vehrencamp (2011) state that “true scope to terrestrial organisms because lighting condi- deception occurs when a sender produces a signal tions in water are different from those in the air and whose reception will benefit it at the expense of the antipredator strategies often differ in the two environ- receiver regardless of the condition with which the sig- ments. -
Charity Ndlovu in 2013 and Completed It in 2015
Camouflage an Impressive Animal Certain types of octopuses can change the colour and pattern of their skin by controlling the size Survival Skill of their cells. Some animals change their colours with the seasons which helps them blend in with By Violah Makuvaza the environment at different times throughout the As one walks around the bush one may unsuspectingly year. This is a type of active camouflage known as stumble on a snake or fail to notice a butterfly on a concealing colouration. The Arctic hare and Arctic flower, a lizard on a rock or a mantid on a twig. This fox grow different coloured fur depending on the is because these animals camouflage themselves so season. In the Arctic hare the fur is brown or grey that they remain undetected in their environment. in summer to match the surrounding foliage and the Camouflage is a type of colouration or pattern that fur is white in winter to blend in with the snow. The helps an animal blend in with its surroundings and mammals “moult” is merely a replacement of fur not is a useful survival strategy that animals use to stay a change of skin as in amphibians and reptiles and can alive and safe. Both predator and prey animals use take weeks or months to grow and replace. camouflage to their advantage. Many animals are The flatfish and the stonefish can alter their colouration cleverly camouflaged or can move very quickly to blend in with the surrounding sand and rock to escape from their enemies. Predators blend in formation. -
For Camouflage Concealment of Facilities
Technical Note 446 The Use of for Camouflage Concealment of Facilities April 2015 A drilling rig sits atop the Roan Plateau in western Colorado. (image courtesy of Richard Compton) Suggested citation: Bureau of Land Management. 2015. The Use of Color for Camouflage Concealment of Facilities. Tech Note 446. Bureau of Land Management, Washington Office, Washington, DC. Production services provided by: Bureau of Land Management National Operations Center Information and Publishing Services Section P.O. Box 25047 Denver, CO 80225 BLM/OC/ST-15/004+8400 Acknowledgments Bureau of Land Management Tammie Adams, Writer/Editor, National Operations Funding and sponsorship for this publication were Center, Colorado provided by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Ray Brady, Manager, National Renewable Energy Management (BLM). Coordination Office Tom Lahti deserves special recognition for his leadership, Brad Cownover, BLM Chief Landscape Architect guidance, and analytical attention to detail during the (formerly), Washington Office critical periods of this project; Terry Del Bene for the Terry Del Bene, Archaeologist, Rock Springs Field idea and early efforts that led to this outcome; and Sherry Office, Wyoming (retired) Lahti for managing the project to completion. Jennifer Hare, Landscape Architect Intern, Special thanks is extended to Guy Cramer of Washington Office HyperStealth Biotechnology Corporation who graciously dedicated endless hours to the BLM, providing time, Kay Hopkins, Recreation Specialist, -
Tattici, Uniformi, Mimetismi, Ed Altre Facezie…
Tattici, Uniformi, Mimetismi, ed altre facezie… Breve guida a cura di EAF51_Bear V. 1.2. - Aprile 2013 Pag. 1 Indice Indice pag. 2 Introduzione pag. 3 Load Carrying Equipment (il tattico) pag. 4 Uniformi da combattimento pag. 18 Pattern mimetici pag. 23 Pag. 2 Introduzione Sono sempre stato appassionato di storia militare. Da anni utilizzo il simulatore di volo IL-2 Sturmovik, partecipando alle attività on-line dell’EAF – European Air Force (www.europeanaf.org) e del relativo Squadron italiano (www.eaf51.org) Da qualche anno, complici alcuni dei piloti virtuali dell’EAF, ho cominciato a giocare a softair. La pratica del softair, e l’esigenza di un adeguato equipaggiamento, mi ha portato a frequentare vari siti in Internet dove si discorre, tra l’altro, di mimetiche e accessori tattici. Molto spesso le descrizioni di divise, mimetiche, ed accessori sono imprecise, e spesso sbagliate. Un esempio per tutti è la designazione del mimetismo attualmente impiegato dall’US ARMY, spesso identificato come ACU. In realtà ACU, acronimo di Army Combat Uniform (uniforme da combattimento dell’esercito) identifica particolare taglio di uniforme, costituito da camicia con collo alla coreana, due tasche inclinate sul petto e due sulle parte superiore maniche, 8 tasche sui pantaloni (due ventrali, due posteriori, due sulle cosce, e due tasche caricatori Colt all’esterno del polpaccio). Il mimetismo digitale attualmente utilizzato dall’US Army si chiama invece UCP (Universal Camouflage Pattern) in genere anche denominato ACUPAT (Army Combat Uniform Pattern). Il diffuso utilizzo di queste imprecisioni mi ha spinto a provare di sistematizzare ed integrare in modo organico le informazioni di cui disponevo, cercando di identificare correttamente la tipologia delle uniformi, dei diversi mimetismi, dei Load Carrying Equipment, ed i loro acronimi. -
Wildlife Center Classroom Series: “Can You See Me Now?” Camouflage in Wildlife
Wildlife Center Classroom Series: “Can You See Me Now?” Camouflage in wildlife. Wednesday, September 11, 2013 Comment From Dori BONG, tht would be the clock :) Comment From CarolinGirl Ok, lunch in my lap( well, on a plate!). I am ready!! Comment From Dori and that would be me here woo hooing Comment From Guest WOO Hoo, I am here, lunch ready and buddy on cam and class about to start. Co en o a e ๏ ๏) Our kids are so excited for class! Raina Krasner, WCV Good afternoon everyone! Comment From CarolinGirl Hi "Teach"! Comment From Dori Howdy Raina, we are excited, can you tell Raina Krasner, WCV Me too! Comment From tinksmom/MO Hello Raina! Comment From 33mama Hi Raina! Happy Wednesday! Raina Krasner, WCV Happy Wednesday! Wildlife Classroom Series: “Can you see me now?” Camouflage in wildlife. Page 1 Comment From Guest Good afternoon. AN Comment From ♥ Jakermo ♥ I'm excited. Comment From moms43 in PA Hi Raina! Love your turtle! Raina Krasner, WCV Thank you. Raina Krasner, WCV So, have we intrigued you enough with our title? Can you see me now? Wildlife Center Classroom Series on Wednesday at 1:00 p.m.! Wildlife Center Classroom Series Wednesday at 1:00 p.m. Eastern! Raina Krasner, WCV Welcome to the September Wildlife Center Classroom Series! Wildlife Classroom Series: “Can you see me now?” Camouflage in wildlife. Page 2 Comment From ♥ Jakermo ♥ Yep, really like the title. Esp the owl. Raina Krasner, WCV Does anyone have any guesses about what we will be talking about today? Comment From Sweetpea Love your turtle Raina. -
084532A0.Pdf
53 2 NATURE [OCTOBER 27, 1910 1 other group. Mr. Thayer's later views are not ex ART THE COMRADE OF SCIENCE. pounded separately, but are to be found scattered in T has long been known that Mr. A. H. Thayer, the various parts of the volume, which must be carefully I discoverer of the great principle of countershad studied as a whole by any reader who would do ing in nature, was preparing a fully illustrated exposi justice to the author and his father. tion of his observations and theories, and that his son The value of obliterative countershading is well was helping him in the enterprise. The present beau illustrated by figures of two breeds of fowl in which tifully illustrated and finely printed work is the result. it is lacking. However closely such fowls may har The great discovery of the obliteration of apparent monise with the colour of a flat background, they solidity by means of countershading, first published must be rendered conspicuous against it by means of shadow, as is at once obvious in Fig. 1. A series of interesting photographs of models makes it clear that obliterative shading is even more important than markings for the purpose of conceal ment. Thus, the model in Fig. 2 represents a rela tively inconspicuous gap in the pattern of the back ground; that in Fig. 4, possessing the pattern, is by comparison a strikingly distinct and solid object. vVe ar2 thus led to conclude that the perfect obliteration represented in Fig. 3 depends in larger measure upon the principle illustrated in Fig. -
Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage Online
yiMmZ (Ebook pdf) Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage Online [yiMmZ.ebook] Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage Pdf Free Peter Forbes DOC | *audiobook | ebooks | Download PDF | ePub Download Now Free Download Here Download eBook #2917253 in Books 2011-11-15Original language:EnglishPDF # 1 7.70 x .90 x 5.00l, .75 #File Name: 0300178964304 pages | File size: 55.Mb Peter Forbes : Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage before purchasing it in order to gage whether or not it would be worth my time, and all praised Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage: 0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. ... really helped me in my research and was a great source of informationBy TimothyThis book really helped me in my research and was a great source of information.The book came quickly and was very fairly priced. It will most certainly remain inmy collection.2 of 2 people found the following review helpful. Camouflage in Art, War, and NatureBy Rob HardySome animals like to sport bright colors, as if they want to be seen. Others favor drab colors, as if they want to blend in and avoid recognition. There must be advantages to both strategies. Soldiers used to sport bright red clothing in the field, and now tend to go with grey and olive blotches, if they are in forest, and beige spotty patterns if they are on sand. The invisible hand of evolution is at work in the natural world and the visible one of tacticians is at work in the military one, both hands working on the vital competition of appearances.