DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE OE FORM 6000,2169 OFFICE OF EDUCATION ERIC ACC. NO. LIM; KM-1CMI ilt.bUMt. ED 034 093 ISDOCUMENT COPYRIGHTED? YES65NO0 CH ACC. NO. P.A.PUBL. DATE ISSUE ERICREPRODUCTION RELEASE? YESMNO AA 000 453 RIEAPR70 0 64 66 LEVELOF AVAILABILITY I g "0 "0 AUTHOR Standring, Gillian; Bernath, Robert TITLE Teacher's Guide to Animal Camouflage:The MATCH Box Project; Prototype Edition. SOURCE CODEINSTITUTION SOURCE MGG14325 SP. AG. CODESPONSORING AGENCY RMQ66004 EDRS PRICE CONTRACT NO. GRANT NO. 0.25;2.05 OEC-4-16-019 REPORT NO. BUREAU NO. BR-5-0710 AVAILABILITY JOURNAL CITATION DESCRIPTIVE NOTE39p.; Appendix toKresse, Frederick H.; Materials and Activities for Teachers and Children: AProject to Develop and Evaluate Multi-MediaKits for Elementary Schools DESCRIPTORS *Activity Units; *Animal Science;Creative Activities; Enrichment Activities; Environment; *Physical Environment;*Units of Study (Subject Fields) !DENT! Fl ER S *Materials and Activities for Teachers andChildren; MATCH Boxes ABSTRACT The Materials and Activities forTeachers and Children (MATCH Box) projectwas developed in 1965 to provide forthe relatively intensive treatment ofa subject over a short period through materials gearedto the elementary school level. Each MATCH Box contains materials,equipment, and activities that work together to foster the teaching/learning of specific subjects. ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE is a series of five, one-hour lessons coveringthe protective camouflage systems of insects and animals. The MATCH Box contains,among other things, slides and a shadow box with magnetic "animals". The students, study the variations in color, shape, and pattern of animal camouflageand learn to consider their results in terms of the particular relationship between thepredator, the prey, and the' background. The Box contains brief descriptions of eachslide to aid class discussion. The Shadow Box helps studentstl "see" camouflaged animals and they are given the opportunity to construct theirown dioramas. (SH) GP 0 70.390 t . ¶ - I ' " ' / t U . - ;; I k .' i Va'? : ' -' . ; - _) : 1 C * " J I? ' z ? e ''V1 i,: .. : . _ ::;': : ' ; \: :: : ; . .i : f : : - 4 J c . f çf' . _ , - - _)...,., - ' ' . ' - 1'.- ( Y ) " : s. -- : : : . ; ._. :; 1. c j, ' .- 1 '' .\ - - ( .! _ , V i' \ '. .' , .1 t '.J - '%_>- 4: : r, .: : : : . ti4 / :: : 1: -: : T' : : ; : :1 ; : , t -, I -. 1 .:;*c ) 1' ; ( .: _,- . : ; :-; L r . r . * + : $. ' ; , - ss L' :: , , '- t 1'_ ,' .' I . '$ " ' . '.1 1. *' . ,. \. ..: .- \ . ' : %_' 2 1 ' ' 1 ) r , * ' .- -. -:! --. I , : , ,. .. 4 ,' $ £ .. , t 4 1 ( .,. T . ; %-., ' :" '-:-- ,. - ,s - j ,' ' - t l _/ I , ' kFI :' kl_J.Ilk.M; . 'Th ' ' I 'n:: ' '- _!..t , j '/' ::i, ,J:::* .o .1]1 -i : : :' I 1 £\ I _ .,. I . 4 .' s.,- ' ( ; ';. I Ii: 1 i :: : ;I' ::;:L% I; : : : I - cJJ k ;T ';: 71? ' .-. ; ' ' tL7 ;7- () 7J ,, . , I. a .S4 54;"' .4** r , ;-s,4, ;, !'es'?' f aa ' s 1 , e..", , , r , , ' * . 1 - S4, g: ri : - . -S, yS '. 2,".'-,-,., 3 31 0 11::$1), 4-) 0'' ;'''-'t ,'5,' .-''' ' . ' . ' t..74' ' - . 'i'' .- '', . Ci$ -41:, - ''!1.#.51 I : Z. '. , I I - ro '4), 4) *. ", . cd o S S - '. ' 5 f , 4 1 : :'5:1- ',, * . (L), , al 43,- ',.' .. , , . r ,t 7 i ,,', 11 ' ' ,,, { ' t /". " , ., . .: -' - , -' , ,- : . -' 01- (1)" '' , ' - .. - :,'', '- ' - , . , , , . ,, , ,, , - ., ,- .,, I ;, . , . a S . t s .a, . ,, ' s , '5' e. :. ' ' '* , : 5 , ." , ',. ' .f'* ; ' i f. ; T ' 04,:- (t14 I, .' '.'I I T. ,, ;"' f C% ;(1),' I ,....r.,..'a . ' , . ' ,1. - ., e 4,' .. .', , , ' ,,,. / , ' 5,--.5-' .. " ' ' , ' ', '' ..;: '' ". II?. ',017-1 :,.:"'. , , 4 ,.,1 ' * ..!-.!'', " .1; ' ''* '` 'W,...4 ..' '' : ' " ' \,, -. ' ' s. ,'., . .4 ',- ' .' . -,", : -.- - '... -i:..''.., .' .:';. ',., ;.. , '. ;. .. ,. 7 ' -, ,, . ,,, ii ,,-1. ' 1 ' , 3. ''' ' ' 5 ,1f - ,, '... - :: ,, \ . .. ! k r ;;.:7 ' .'':' I? t .:, , i ,-,, ., ,1,,''' ;...' ' '":i r :': 1 O.,', ,, ," , N .,, ' :., ;!'.., a . ,...4;S I,. ; .7 L.:; ., ,.,. ; ,,:., .,.,,,, : , . _.. -,,:: ,:.- ',,,,,, 'e"-s''', . '' - '' ' '.. ,,, .. :!-r('''.; ,s..', a . ' ' '' . , q '0-t 0" ' , . L . 4. ''''`' Z'*-','*;';' - '.;* f '-*14.../''...-L,.. ' I''' ''''' .., . '1 ' '' ''' ,,-= 5,". ;.,, . ,,,,.. ' '' --;;-.:.i'... ' ' - ' ' '' ' ''' '' . ''' 1 ' It-,' ,,T;;,,,,,*,,,-,--:,.f.... - -.. 44.. - . '''' : ,-' .:2,',-2. .".`" :- -,, 4 . :.. " -: , . T ' ; I *". ' 4.,),' -. ,.--:'';',.. 7' -4' 4-,-1,'. .,IT -'.: ,:. _-,a, 5' f...`Z;.. ,'r'''' , " a . , * - 'T '; '''.**'':r: '' e 1.,;S'','''a *'','N''' ' \ ..;* e'I* ' "'eI:. ''''" 't ''.'" '''''*''' 't''Q', '1s '' ''...; '"':-'t' *.***1 ,T ''''I!,,,,iC ,'..'"r. ' . '',..,ff, .'''.,..' . , . F - ' ... - - '`*. e *.* ";-1_,' . ' . ' f ; * '', I I ::, *e : / ? ''' ' '' ' 1';'1",'.7, :::;''::*''' Y i**T'. '. 4*.(, f.'1",, t, . ' .*: . .''''., '''-' '''''..:/../'4'; :;,:;i:?' ;44;; '' :- 1' ' '"^,<.'"s.: ',1* 'e 4 ''';'. **4h.,.;.*,' '''',.''',,./I,'':', ..fT,'..-,','-,e,' , ,'f's. '''.; -', 1"`/. 2 - ,',H::, -,..1.; :':', i:*,* '.')?.."1:';'''' 1`.*.4 , ''. '-' l'':,;' *,' -*tH*Slq..11) '''''', % ?. f 11 f'` ' : t ', ' I S , , . I 3 3 43 . I 3 I. 5' ,S', 3 '' .' i'53:' :. f.''`:7i -':' 't ' V . 333 3'.3 , , , I, ' I.: '1r, j,,,e 4 ;.;.:,0, '1-.7.3'* i:','rki:15'0'5'37: 5,4) r 3 Z' '5: '' 3rI '' 3. C5 rr. ,,, i - . , . 1 ;',...;'," '','::::,.1.'''A*.:-.... ,,'1:11'st/),, '.,:.,,,.,-'' '4.-,:-.' .:,.;,,.,-...-.,<-,-..-.-.,--,-;,,:.-,,..,...,,..2, ,s,, L` s - - r `4,141';',, ' ' :*.,44,..;; .: ;7; ,, S' . ';N, ':I..: ,.. - .I., i '`.z 1 -,...,,, 7' ::, ':`, ..;,,7':'.:,,,,°,";': '7...'?;V).7/;14.41:17.! s.' 1 ',7-1, , . -i:,-"-.+' :s?..- *""' :'.- .. s s . ' ' , '' .- ' rt. ;St. ; " :1. ',." '''', '`..;' 4 : :,','' 1 : ,, : .,' '., ';'-:',-'4,-..4.)'-c,r."45,"''''. ;4.kitillra.-`4: ;,,:`;.7( ' ,,.' , , .,, ,. , S 4 1,,,.;7., ' ss , .:` *,-*!` s' , f, -:, , , 'S**Or,. ", ,:i7- : ;1.:,7-,-, ?3,.- s'' s' 7,;. 1%..41---,4,A4. 4S 5I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION i WELFARE OFFICE Of EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS Of VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE Of EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. Ala BY GILLIAN STANDRING ROBERT BERNATH TEACHER'S GUIDE TO 'ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE GRADES 2 AND 3 PROTC2YPE EDITION 0 THE MATCH BOX PROJECT "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPYIATED MATE US BEENduff:4d GRANTED BY TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION. FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER." CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS CAMOUFLAGE? USING THE BOX LESSON I: PREDATORS AND PREY LESSON II: ALL KINDS OF CAMOUFLAGE LESSON III: MIX AND MATCH ri) ISWW LESSON IV: SAVE THE YANG OF YING WOKEN LESSON V: MAKING DIORAMAS BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABOUT THE MATCH BOXPROJECT WHAT IS CAMOUFLAGE? The picture below shows a flock of whitegeese flying over the North Pole ina blizzard, eating saltines. Backgrourd and foreground have merged intoone and are totally indistinguishable. If this extreme were possible, the picture would illustrate camouflage at its finest! Though camouflage in nature can hardly achieve such a state of perfection, good camouflage does depend on a specific set of relationships between an object, its background, and the viewer. Camouflage does not exist in an animal by itself, nor in the background, nor in the sensory limitations of the hunter, but when a particular Eau= of relationships exists, an animal survives which would otherwise have been detected and attacked. There are several techniques of camouflage,some of which are described later in this introduction. The lessons in the Box emphasize only a few particularly common camouflage techniques: (1) color matchin (2) attern matchinbetween the an maana Its backgroun 'ttun tEllumairm, and (4) disru Live patterning to obsCure tree outline of e an mai. Camouflage exists when a certain combination of color, pattern, texture and form makes it difficult tL; to detect or recognize the identity of an object. Among animals it serves as a protection from the hunter's keen eye. In other cases, it serves to conceal an animal as it hunts its prey, Camouflage in nature is not perfecto It cannot make an animal completely invisible, but it does give both predators and prey a better chance in the struggle for survival, The camouflage relationship is not a static thing. Animals and their backgrounds change, and the alertness of a predator is not constant° For instance, arctic animals change the color of their coats according to the season so that they remain camouflaged throughout the year° Many animalss particularly insects and birds, show marked changes in color and pattern during their life cycles so that each life stage blends into its own particular environment° A few animals, such as the chameleons, show rapid color changes when they move from one background color to another° Many predatory (hunting) animals, particularly mammals, do not see in color, but in black and white and various shades of greyo Other animals, notably insects, see colors outside the parts of the light spectrum to which the human eye is sensitive° Therefore, an animal that seems to us to blend well into its background does not necessarily become camouflaged from all attackers, and, in turns we can see animals that would be concealed from some predators° There are other important kinds of camouflage besides those dealing with color° Camouflage is of two main types - concealment and disguise° Concealment means that an animal blends