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On Visual Art and Camouflage
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Faculty Publications Faculty Work 1978 On Visual Art and Camouflage Roy R. Behrens University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1978 The MIT Press Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/art_facpub Part of the Art and Design Commons Recommended Citation Behrens, Roy R., "On Visual Art and Camouflage" (1978). Faculty Publications. 7. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/art_facpub/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Leonardo. Vol. 11, pp. 203-204. 0024--094X/78/070 I -0203S02.00/0 6 Pergamon Press Ltd. 1978. Printed in Great Britain. ON VISUAL ART AND CAMOUFLAGE Roy R. Behrens* In a number of books on visual fine art and design [ 1, 21, countershading makes a 3-dimensional object seem flat, there is mention of the kinship between camouflage and while normal shading in flat paintings can make a painting, but no one has, to my knowledge, pursued it. I depicted object appear to be 3-dimensional. He also have intermittently researched this relationship for discussed the function of disruptive patterning, in which several years, and my initial observations have recently even the most brilliant colors may contribute to the been published [3]. Now I have been awarded a faculty destruction of an animal’s outline. While Thayer’s research grant from the Graduate School of the description of countershading is still respected, his book is University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee to pursue this considered somewhat fanciful because of exaggerated subject in depth. -
Una Historia Sobre La Evolución Humana Y Los Avances Tecnológicos
madera piedra metales materiales Una historia sobre textiles la evolución humana y los avances tecnológicos plásticos vidrio nanomateriales papel materiales Una historia sobre la evolución humana y los avances tecnológicos EXPOSICIÓN ONLINE EBOOK Organiza: Producción audiovisual y entorno web: Coordinación: © LOS AUTORES Universidad de Burgos Gonzalo Andrés López © UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS Coordinación audiovisual: y Rodrigo Alonso Alcalde Colabora: David Serrano Fernández Edita: Fundación Española para la Ciencia Documentación: Servicio de Publicaciones e Imagen y la Tecnología (FECYT). Ministerio Vídeo: Adán Ruiz Román Institucional de Ciencia e Innovación. David Serrano Fernández y Gonzalo de Pedro Andrés UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS y Fernando Muñoz Cifuentes Edificio de Administración y Servicios Comisariado: Asesoría científica: C/ Don Juan de Austria, 1 Gonzalo Andrés López Realidad virtual: Prehistoria: Marta Navazo Ruiz 09001 BURGOS – ESPAÑA y Rodrigo Alonso Alcalde Samuel Arias Tejedor Piedra:Verónica Calderón Carpintero [email protected] y Ángel Rodríguez Saiz Coordinación: Guión y locución: Madera: Smara Gonçalves ISBN: Jordi Rovira Carballido Samuel Pérez Gutiérrez Metales: Jesús Manuel Alegre Calderón 978-84-16283-95-8 (edición impresa) y Pedro Miguel Bravo Díez 978-84-16283-96-5 (ebook) Comité científico: Diseño web: Textiles: Juan José Martín García Prehistoria: Marta Navazo Ruiz David Serrano Fernández y Óscar Raúl Melgosa Oter Depósito Legal Piedra:Verónica Calderón Carpintero y Sonia Hurtado Manso Papel: Luis Santos y Ganges BU.-119-2020 y Ángel Rodríguez Saiz y Sonia Serna Serna Madera: Smara Gonçalves Administración y gestión: Vidrio: Pilar Alonso Abad Andrés López, G. y Alonso Alcalde, R. Metales: Jesús Manuel Alegre Calderón María Isabel Soto Muñoz Plásticos: José Miguel García Pérez, (Coords.) 2020: Materiales. -
Telas Que Estiran
APRENDA CORTE DE ROPA PARA ALTA COSTURA SISTEMA CyC Telas que estiran En el mercado existen textiles, como el género La fibra utilizada para combinar con los de punto principalmente (tejido de punto) que textiles es el Elastano o Spandex®, mejor solos o combinados con fibras elásticas (Lycra® conocido como Lycra®, es una fibra sintética o Spandex®) nos ofrecen características especia- muy conocida por su gran elasticidad. Fue les que son utilizadas en la industria textil para inventada en DuPont en 1959 por el químico confección de ropa deportiva o de calle. Este tipo Joseph Shivers. Combinada con el tejido de telas brindan al cuerpo un mayor ajuste sin de punto y otros textiles como: el algodón, perder libertad de movimiento, agregando otras lana, seda o nylon nos ofrecen una gran características como ajuste, mayor suavidad, variedad de productos para fabricar prendas transpiración y comodidad. que pueden presentar diferentes niveles de estiramiento y recuperación (elongación) dependiendo del porcentaje de Lycra® en Entre los tejidos, los géneros de punto se fabrican ellos utilizados. en telares planos o circulares y se pueden agrupar en cuatro categorías: Esta fibra revolucionó muchas áreas de la industria textil. Hoy en día es utilizada en todo tipo de prendas, y sobre todo en el ámbito a. Los tejidos de punto sencillos de peso deportivo gracias a su flexibilidad y ligereza; ligero, tienen la característica de que no esto nos permite confeccionar ropa para se estiran a lo largo pero sí a lo ancho diferentes actividades como por ejemplo la como el jersey, interlock o tricot. danza, la gimnasia, el ciclismo, la natación, el atletismo, aerobics, incluyendo ropa de calle o de diario. -
Adaptations for Survival: Symbioses, Camouflage & Mimicry
Adaptations for Survival: Symbioses, Camouflage & Mimicry OCN 201 Biology Lecture 11 http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/03/24_octopus.shtml Symbiosis • Parasitism - negative effect on host • Commensalism - no effect on host • Mutualism - both parties benefit Often involves food but benefits may also include protection from predators, dispersal, or habitat Parasitism Leeches (Segmented Worms) Tongue Louse (Crustacean) Nematodes (Roundworms) Commensalism or Mutualism? Anemone shrimp http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ Anemone fish http://www.scuba-equipment-usa.com/marine/APR04/ Mutualism Cleaner Shrimp and Eel http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ Whale Barnacles & Lice What kinds of symbioses are these? Commensal Parasite Camouflage • Often important for predators and prey to avoid being seen • Predators to catch their prey and prey to hide from their predators • Camouflage: Passive or adaptive Passive Camouflage Countershading Sharks Birds Countershading coloration of the Caribbean reef shark © George Ryschkewitsch Fish JONATHAN CHESTER Mammals shiftingbaselines.org/blog/big_tuna.jpg http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/cetaceans/orca_spyhopping-noaa.jpg Passive Camouflage http://www.cspangler.com/images/photos/aquarium/weedy-sea-dragon2.jpg Adaptive Camouflage Camouflage by Accessorizing Decorator crab Friday Harbor Marine Health Observatory http://www.projectnoah.org/ Camouflage by Mimicry http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/03/24_octopus.shtml Mimicry • Animals can gain protection (or even access to prey) by looking -
Marketing Introduction
Marketing Introduction Agenda • What is Lycra and Spandex • Why special adhesion is needed • Printing Under Armour, Nike and other performance wear • Printing volleyball uniforms • Printing yoga pants/leggings • Printing nylon outerwear • Optimizing printing costs What is Lycra, Spandex and Elastane Spandex, Lycra or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. It is a polyether- polyurea copolymer that was invented in 1958 by chemist Joseph Shivers at DuPont's Benger Laboratory Spandex and Lycra are brand names, but they are all elastane - Wikipedia • Capable of stretching up to 500% original size • Maintains shape • Works well with other fibers often with high content of polyester that will scorch • Printing must stretch and rebound with fabric • Best transfer to use – AquaTru® Heat Printing Performance Wear Common performance wear brands • Under Armour • Nike • Augusta • Sport-Tek Fabric content • 90/10 Poly/Elastane • 98/2 Poly/Elastane For any percentage of elastane, you need a heat transfer that will stretch and rebound Heat Printing Volleyball Uniforms Volleyball Uniforms AquaTru® Numbers • 3 sizes: 4”, 6” and 8” • 3 fonts: Champ, Inline and Avalon • 6 colors: white, black, gold, navy, red, and royal Heat Printing Leggings/Yoga Pants Larger sheet size allows you to print in one application - 19” long Other Products with Elastane-Swim Suits Other Products with Elastane-Compression Shorts Other Products with Elastane-Rash Shirts Heat Printing Nylon Outerwear Nylon - synthetic fibers that also require a specific adhesive Clean edge - no outline needed Optimizing Pricing Tips • Fill the sheet • Same color or colors • 2-3 teams with the same order Optimizing Pricing Next Webinar Comparing Heat Presses • Thursday, July 11 • 2:00 pm ET Thank You For Attending Do you have more questions? Stay in touch. -
Countershading Prevents Organisms Above, Seeing This the Ears Assist in Heat Loss As They Species Below (Due to Its Dark Are Highly Vascularised
Bilby Butterfly Camel Long eyelashes help to keep sand The pattern and appearance on The sense of hearing and smell is out of the eyes, and nostrils in this species is used as a deterrent strong in this species. Their ears the shape of slits to prevent sand for predators. The two spots can are used to regulate heat and from entering the nasal cavity. be mistaken for two large eyes assist in heat loss in the warm Additionally, this species urine by a predator, therefore avoiding climate is highly concentrated to reduce predation water loss Dolphin Elephant Eucalyptus Tree Countershading prevents organisms above, seeing this The ears assist in heat loss as they species below (due to its dark are highly vascularised. The large Leaves hang downward to prevent colour). Contrastingly, if a total surface area to volume ratio excessive exposure to sunlight, predator is beneath this species, helps this species to maximise which also reduces water loss they are unable to distinguish this heat loss species swimming above due to its light colour underneath Fennec Fox Hummingbird Kangaroo This species has a fur colour This species cools down and similar to its environment to The small size of this species, lowers its body temperature by camouflage itself from other and the shape of the beak allows licking their forearms, as they predators. Additionally the large this species to reach far into the have a large capillary network highly vascularised ears help flowers’ centre to feed on the close to the surface of their skin. to lower body temperature to nectar This species also uses their tail as prevent excessive heating a counterweight for balance Katydid Mangrove Leaf Monstera This species lives in rainforests. -
Factors Affecting Counterillumination As a Cryptic Strategy
Reference: Biol. Bull. 207: 1–16. (August 2004) © 2004 Marine Biological Laboratory Propagation and Perception of Bioluminescence: Factors Affecting Counterillumination as a Cryptic Strategy SO¨ NKE JOHNSEN1,*, EDITH A. WIDDER2, AND CURTIS D. MOBLEY3 1Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708; 2Marine Science Division, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34946; and 3Sequoia Scientific Inc., Bellevue, Washington 98005 Abstract. Many deep-sea species, particularly crusta- was partially offset by the higher contrast attenuation at ceans, cephalopods, and fish, use photophores to illuminate shallow depths, which reduced the sighting distance of their ventral surfaces and thus disguise their silhouettes mismatches. This research has implications for the study of from predators viewing them from below. This strategy has spatial resolution, contrast sensitivity, and color discrimina- several potential limitations, two of which are examined tion in deep-sea visual systems. here. First, a predator with acute vision may be able to detect the individual photophores on the ventral surface. Introduction Second, a predator may be able to detect any mismatch between the spectrum of the bioluminescence and that of the Counterillumination is a common form of crypsis in the background light. The first limitation was examined by open ocean (Latz, 1995; Harper and Case, 1999; Widder, modeling the perceived images of the counterillumination 1999). Its prevalence is due to the fact that, because the of the squid Abralia veranyi and the myctophid fish Cera- downwelling light is orders of magnitude brighter than the toscopelus maderensis as a function of the distance and upwelling light, even an animal with white ventral colora- visual acuity of the viewer. -
Deceptive Coloration - Natureworks 01/04/20, 11:58 AM
Deceptive Coloration - NatureWorks 01/04/20, 11:58 AM Deceptive Coloration Deceptive coloration is when an organism's color Mimicry fools either its predators or its prey. There are two Some animals and plants look like other things -- types of deceptive coloration: camouflage and they mimic them. Mimicry is another type of mimicry. deceptive coloration. It can protect the mimic from Camouflage predators or hide the mimic from prey. If mimicry was a play, there would be three characters. The Model - the species or object that is copied. The Mimic - looks and acts like another species or object. The Dupe- the tricked predator or prey. The poisonous Camouflage helps an organism blend in with its coral snake surroundings. Camouflage can be colors or and the patterns or both. When organisms are harmless camouflaged, they are harder to find. This means king snake predators have to spend a longer time finding can look a them. That's a waste of energy! When a predator is lot alike. camouflaged, it makes it easier to sneak up on or Predators surprise its prey. will avoid Blending In: Stripes or Solids? the king snake because they think it is poisonous. This type There are of mimicry is called Batesian mimicry. In lots of Batesian mimicry a harmless species mimics a different toxic or dangerous species. examples of The viceroy butterfly and monarch butterfly were once thought to camouflage. Some colors and patterns help exhibit animals blend into areas with light and shadow. Batesian The tiger's stripes help it blend into tall grass. Its mimicry golden brown strips blend in with the grass and the where a dark brown and black stripes merge with darker harmless shadows. -
Antipredator Deception in Terrestrial Vertebrates
Current Zoology 60 (1): 16–25, 2014 Antipredator deception in terrestrial vertebrates Tim CARO* Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, and Center of Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Abstract Deceptive antipredator defense mechanisms fall into three categories: depriving predators of knowledge of prey’s presence, providing cues that deceive predators about prey handling, and dishonest signaling. Deceptive defenses in terrestrial vertebrates include aspects of crypsis such as background matching and countershading, visual and acoustic Batesian mimicry, active defenses that make animals seem more difficult to handle such as increase in apparent size and threats, feigning injury and death, distractive behaviours, and aspects of flight. After reviewing these defenses, I attempt a preliminary evaluation of which aspects of antipredator deception are most widespread in amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds [Current Zoology 60 (1): 16 25, 2014]. Keywords Amphibians, Birds, Defenses, Dishonesty, Mammals, Prey, Reptiles 1 Introduction homeotherms may increase the distance between prey and the pursuing predator or dupe the predator about the In this paper I review forms of deceptive antipredator flight path trajectory, or both (FitzGibbon, 1990). defenses in terrestrial vertebrates, a topic that has been Last, an antipredator defense may be a dishonest largely ignored for 25 years (Pough, 1988). I limit my signal. Bradbury and Vehrencamp (2011) state that “true scope to terrestrial organisms because lighting condi- deception occurs when a sender produces a signal tions in water are different from those in the air and whose reception will benefit it at the expense of the antipredator strategies often differ in the two environ- receiver regardless of the condition with which the sig- ments. -
Nanogold and Nanosilver Hybrid Polymer Materials
NANOGOLD AND NANOSILVER HYBRID POLYMER MATERIALS By Maria Parry A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2013 Abstract Significant opportunities exist in both the scientific and industrial sectors for the development of new generation hybrid materials. These multifunctional hybrid materials favourably combine the often disparate characteristics of both precursor components in one material. As such, this field can be very innovative due to the many possible combinations of components providing the opportunity to create a wide variety of new generation materials with a range of known and as yet unknown properties. In this manner the research carried out in this PhD research programme combines particular polymer substrates with gold, silver or silver halide nanoparticles, generating multifunctional hybrid materials which exhibit novel and useful optical, antimicrobial and antifouling properties. As such, these hybrid materials are well suited for applications in the healthcare and biomedical devices, food and packaging, surface coatings and the personal hygiene industries. The novel approach developed and used for the production of these nanogold, nanosilver and nanosilver halide hybrid polymer materials did not use conventional external reducing or stabilising agents. Instead, for the nanogold and nanosilver hybrid polymer materials, the Au3+ or Ag+ ions were first absorbed into the polymer substrates (polyurethane, nylon 6,6, polyurethane K5000 latex paint base and amine coated polyethylene terephthalate) and then upon heating the nitrogen-containing functional groups in the polymer matrices reduced the metal ions to their respective metal nanoparticles Au0 and Ag0. -
No 2 | Volume 15 | 2020
No 2 | Volume 15 | 2020 Science & Military 2/2020 Dear readers, Let me take the opportunity to introduce myself to of the front right wheel rotational speed sensor and you as a new editor-in-chief of the Science & Military also ABS and ESP control unit occurred. journal. First of all, I would like to thank prof. Dipl. The following article “A theoretical view of Eng. Marcel Harakaľ, PhD. for his long-standing asymmetry in security and military sphere” by work he dedicated to the journal. Professor Harakaľ Radoslav Ivančík aims to clarify, define, and use the will continue to be a member of the editorial board. term asymmetry. Asymmetry in the military sphere Scientific papers are essential for promotion of represents the planning, organization and research. They profoundly influence improvement implementation of asymmetric actions (operations) and expansion of human knowledge. Not only do aimed at achieving own goals in a different way than research, drawing of scientific conclusions and the adversary. Asymmetry is reflected in the academic writing have a positive effect on authors’ assessment and view parties involved in asymmetric profiles - their prestige in the scientific world – but conflicts (asymmetric armed conflict, asymmetric they also improve reputation of institutes and approaches and operations, asymmetric threats - universities they work for. Results of research are weapons, information, operation, terrorism). mostly published in scientific journals that present the Organized crime is currently one of the most enormous information potential. That is why we want serious negative phenomena and threats in the world. to pursue continuous quality improvement regarding The new approach to research of organized crime the Science & Military journal. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,814,228 Onorato Et Al
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,814,228 Onorato et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 21, 1989 (54) WET SPUN HYDROXYETHYLATED (56) References Cited POLYBENZMIDAZOLE FIBERS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Frank J. Onorato, Phillipsburg; 3,851,025 11/1974 Ram .................................... 264/184 Michael J. Sansone, Berkeley 4,599,388 7/1986 Bower et al. ... ... 525/433 Heights; Arthur Schlask, Roselle 4,734,466 3/1988 Kindler et al....................... 525/433 Park, all of N.J. Primary Examiner-Lorraine T. Kendell Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lynch, Cox, Gilman & 73 Assignee: Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Mahan Somerville, N.J. 57) ABSTRACT 21 Hydroxyethylated polybenzimidazole fibers are pro Appl. No.: 28,354 duced by a wet jet/wet spinning or by a dry jet/wet spinning process. A spinning solution of hydroxye 22 Filed: Mar. 20, 1987 thylated polybenzimidazole is extruded vertically downward through a spinneret into a liquid coagulation (51) Int. Cl." ............................................... D02G 3/00 bath. The resulting fibers have pore sizes ranging from (52) U.S. Cl. ............................... 428/398; 210/500.28; about 5 angstroms up to about 100 angstroms and are 210/500.23; 264/41; 264/183; 264/184; quite useful as ultra filters for molecules with a broad 264/210.8; 428/376 range of molecular weight. 58 Field of Search ............... 428/364, 392,397, 398, 428/376; 264/183, 184, 41,210.8; 210/500.28 17 Claims, No Drawings 4,814,228 1. 2 ample, such polybenzimidazole polymers as poly WET SPUN HYDROXYETHYLATED 2,2'(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzinidazole and other simi POLYBENZMDAZOLE FIBERS larly structured polybenzimidazole polymers may not be used because the bridging groups between the reac BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 5 tive imidazole rings are sterically hindered, thereby 1.