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16 Textiles in Defence* Richard a Scott Defence Clothing and Textiles Agency, Science and Technology Division, Flagstaff Road, Colchester, Essex CO2 7SS, UK
16 Textiles in defence* Richard A Scott Defence Clothing and Textiles Agency, Science and Technology Division, Flagstaff Road, Colchester, Essex CO2 7SS, UK 16.1 Introduction To be prepared for War is one of the most effectual means of preserving Peace (George Washington, 1790)1 Defence forces on land, sea, or air throughout the world are heavily reliant on tech- nical textiles of all types – whether woven, knitted, nonwoven, coated, laminated, or other composite forms. Technical textiles offer invaluable properties for military land forces in particular, who are required to move, live, survive and fight in hostile environments. They have to carry or wear all the necessities for comfort and sur- vival and thus need the most lightweight, compact, durable, and high performance personal clothing and equipment. The life-critical requirements for protecting indi- viduals from both environmental and battlefield threats have ensured that the major nations of the world expend significant resources in developing and providing the most advanced technical textiles for military use. 16.2 Historical background Military textile science is not new, and one of the earliest documented studies can probably be credited to Count Rumford, or Benjamin Thompson. Rumford was an American army colonel and scientist who issued a paper in 1792 entitled ‘Philo- sophical Transactions’, which reported on the importance of internally trapped air in a range of textile fabrics to the thermal insulation provided by those fabrics.2 He was awarded the Copley Medal for his paper, as the significance of his discovery was recognised immediately. * Copyright MOD (1997) DCTA, Colchester, Essex CO2 7SS 426 Handbook of technical textiles 16.2.1 Pre-Twentieth century Up until the end of the 19th century military land battles were fought at close quar- ters by individual engagements. -
Wehrmacht Uniforms
Wehrmacht uniforms This article discusses the uniforms of the World uniforms, not included here, began to break away in 1935 War II Wehrmacht (Army, Air Force, and with minor design differences. Navy). For the Schutzstaffel, see Uniforms and Terms such as M40 and M43 were never designated by the insignia of the Schutzstaffel. Wehrmacht, but are names given to the different versions of the Modell 1936 field tunic by modern collectors, to discern between variations, as the M36 was steadily sim- plified and tweaked due to production time problems and combat experience. The corresponding German term for tunic is Feldbluse and literally translates “field blouse”. 1 Heer 1.1 Insignia Main article: Ranks and insignia of the Heer (1935– 1945) For medals see List of military decorations of the Third Reich Uniforms of the Heer as the ground forces of the Wehrmacht were distinguished from other branches by two devices: the army form of the Wehrmachtsadler or German general Alfred Jodl wearing black leather trenchcoat Hoheitszeichen (national emblem) worn above the right breast pocket, and – with certain exceptions – collar tabs bearing a pair of Litzen (Doppellitze “double braid”), a device inherited from the old Prussian Guard which re- sembled a Roman numeral II on its side. Both eagle and Litzen were machine-embroidered or woven in white or grey (hand-embroidered in silk, silver or aluminium for officers). Rank was worn on shoulder-straps except for junior enlisted (Mannschaften), who wore plain shoulder- straps and their rank insignia, if any, on the left upper sleeve. NCO’s wore a 9mm silver or grey braid around the collar edge. -
Camouflage Assessment: Machine and Human
Computers in Industry 99 (2018) 173–182 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers in Industry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compind Camouflage assessment: Machine and human a,c, a d a Timothy N. Volonakis *, Olivia E. Matthews , Eric Liggins , Roland J. Baddeley , a b Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel , Innes C. Cuthill a School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK b School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK c Centre for Machine Vision, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK d QinetiQ Ltd, Cody Technology Park, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX, UK A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 14 September 2017 A vision model is designed using low-level vision principles so that it can perform as a human observer Received in revised form 7 March 2018 model for camouflage assessment. In a camouflaged-object assessment task, using military patterns in an Accepted 15 March 2018 outdoor environment, human performance at detection and recognition is compared with the human Available online xxx observer model. This involved field data acquisition and subsequent image calibration, a human experiment, and the design of the vision model. Human and machine performance, at recognition and Keywords: detection, of military patterns in two environments was found to correlate highly. Our model offers an Camouflage assessment inexpensive, automated, and objective method for the assessment of camouflage where it is impractical, Observer modelling or too expensive, to use human observers to evaluate the conspicuity of a large number of candidate Visual search patterns. -
VOL 1, No 69 (69) (2021) the Scientific Heritage (Budapest, Hungary
VOL 1, No 69 (69) (2021) The scientific heritage (Budapest, Hungary) The journal is registered and published in Hungary. The journal publishes scientific studies, reports and reports about achievements in different scientific fields. Journal is published in English, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, German and French. Articles are accepted each month. Frequency: 24 issues per year. Format - A4 ISSN 9215 — 0365 All articles are reviewed Free access to the electronic version of journal Edition of journal does not carry responsibility for the materials published in a journal. Sending the article to the editorial the author confirms it’s uniqueness and takes full responsibility for possible consequences for breaking copyright laws Chief editor: Biro Krisztian Managing editor: Khavash Bernat • Gridchina Olga - Ph.D., Head of the Department of Industrial Management and Logistics (Moscow, Russian Federation) • Singula Aleksandra - Professor, Department of Organization and Management at the University of Zagreb (Zagreb, Croatia) • Bogdanov Dmitrij - Ph.D., candidate of pedagogical sciences, managing the laboratory (Kiev, Ukraine) • Chukurov Valeriy - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Biochemistry of the Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences (Minsk, Republic of Belarus) • Torok Dezso - Doctor of Chemistry, professor, Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry (Budapest, Hungary) • Filipiak Pawel - doctor of political sciences, pro-rector on a management by a property complex and to the public relations -
Camouflage Painting of Buildings
CAMOUFLAGE PAINTING OF BUILDINGS Romualdas Baušys, Konstantinas Stanislavas Danaitis Vilnius Gediminas technical university, Saulėtekio ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Paper deals with the building visual detection problem. Particular buildings which are important to government infrastructure must have additional security means including camouflage painting to disguise from aerial reconnaissance and observation. The approach for computer-generated camouflge pattern design is proposed. The novelty of the proposed method consists of the consideration of the camouflaged building and urban environment fusion effect in description of the multicolor camouflage effectivity. An analytical method for determination of building camouflage effectivity is presented. This method is constructed within the framework of visual detection probabilities. The proposed method is illustrated by the design of the camouflage drawing geometry and determination of the effectivity characteristics for prescribed observation range. Keywords: building, camouflage pattern design, efficiency analysis. Introduction that performs well over a range of backgrounds and con- ditions one would like a computer technique capable of The use of painted camouflage patterns on military optimising a camouflage pattern over all these possible hardware is a time-tested, cost effective and practical combinations. On the other hand, military applications of countermeasure against human vision and aided vision camouflage principles have traditionally fallen short of target acquisition systems in many combat scenarios. their potential, owing in large part to naïve interpretations Concealment includes hiding from view, making hard to of natural processes and the scientific basis of camou- see clearly, arranging obstructions to vision, deceiving flage. A lack of confidence in poorly-designed results has and disguising, and deception involving sound. -
Story/Photos: Michał Sitarski, Bartosz Szołucha
Story/photos: Michał Sitarski, Bartosz Szołucha www.fragoutmag.com ON 19-21TH OCTOBER 2016 IN PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC, THE 12TH EDITION OF CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION FOCUSING ON REPORT MODERN AND FUTURE ARMED FORCES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. In comparison to last two editions, when the exhibition was separated from the NATO Conference, Future Forces 2016 was way more attractive and the number of exhibitors raised. INVISTA CORDURA CORDURA brand is a well- known trademark in tactical and outdoor communities. Their durable and rugged fabrics based on Nylon 6.6 can be found in almost every part of tactical gear or hiking gear. Less people know that CORDURA fabrics can be also utilized in the combat uniforms, including the fire resistant clothing. During the Future Forces 2016 we have spotted a prototype combat shirt from USMC EFRCE com- bat uniform which will replace the currently used USMC FROG II ensemble. Other interesting piece was prototype combat uniform and tactical gear gear with fabrics dyed in Solution Dyed Nylon or SDN in short, where every yarn is dyed to the required color. This allows to achieve a single and unified color on completely different fabrics - there won’t be a difference in shades of FR uniform clothing and Cordura 500D webbing as it happens now, when older tech- nologies are used. The colorfastness of SDN fabrics is far ahead of standard fabrics. THERMOTEKNIX This British company specialized in the thermal cameras and devices, most famous from the ClipIR thermal clip-on which could be attached to almost every night vision device, debuted the prototype of FuseIR monocular device combining the image intensifier with thermal camera in single units. -
+ Incentive Program Military &
CELEBRATINGCELEBRATING 7676 YEARSYEARS PROVIDINGPROVIDING RCNRCN NEWSNEWS Your South Island Real Estate Experts Volume 64 Number 37 | September 16, 2019 newspaper.comnewwsspapaperr..com MARPAC NEWS CFB Esquimalt, Victoria, B.C. LookoutNewspaperNavyNews @Lookout_news LookoutNavyNews 250-474-4800 www.southislandhometeam.com FunFormation Day Sergeants Erik Sinclair and Rowan Eichel of 2483 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry Royal Army Cadet Corps clown around with a trio of entertainers from Vesta Fire Entertainment. See more photos on pages 12 and 13. Photo by Peter Mallett, Lookout We proudly serve the Canadian Forces Community As a military family we understand Healthy Beautiful Smile! your cleaning needs during ongoing service, deployment and relocation. www.mollymaid.ca Dr. Stephan Picard 250-382-1541 En (250) 744-3427 Français www.seaspan.com DowntownDentalVictoria.ca CALL US TODAY. 250.380.1602 [email protected] Aussi! 2 • LOOKOUT CELEBRATING 76 YEARS PROVIDING RCN NEWS September 16, 2019 DND historian seeking veterans from Operation Snowgoose Peter Mallett they adapted and responded to the oversaw the research project for 15 Staff Writer situation,” said MacFarlane. years. MacFarlane began his involve- DHH has a mandate within DND to ment three years ago and has inter- A Department of National Defence preserve and communicate Canada’s viewed approximately 40 subjects in historian from Ottawa will be visiting military history and foster pride in both Ontario and the Maritimes, but the base next month to interview vet- military heritage. The intention, says this will be his first visit to Victoria. He erans that served in Canadian Armed MacFarlane, is to educate Canadian says the sizable military community Forces peacekeeping operations in Armed Forces members and the and number of veterans living here Cyprus. -
Department of the Air Force Washington, Dc
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON, DC AFI36-2903_AFGM2019-01 15 April 2019 MEMORANDUM FOR DISTRIBUTION C MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs FROM: SAF/MR SUBJECT: Air Force Guidance Memorandum to AFI 36-2903, Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel By Order of the Secretary of the Air Force, this Air Force Guidance Memorandum immediately changes AFI 36-2903, Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel. Compliance with this Memorandum is mandatory. To the extent its directions are inconsistent with other Air Force publications, the information herein prevails, in accordance with AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management. This memorandum provides policy and guidance for all military personnel serving in the United States Air Force, Reserve and Guard components. The specific changes to AFI 36-2903 are listed in the attachment. The paragraphs listed replace the corresponding paragraphs in AFI 36-2903 or add new paragraphs. Failure to observe the mandatory provisions in paragraphs 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 of this memorandum by Regular Air Force military members, Air Force Reserve military members on active duty or inactive duty for training, and Air National Guard military members in Title 10 status is a violation of Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Air National Guard members in Title 32 status performing full-time National Guard duty or inactive duty for training, who violate the mandatory provisions of this instruction, may be held accountable through similar provisions of their respective State Military Codes. There are no releasability restrictions on this publication. Ensure that all records created as a result of the processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with Air Force Manual 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with Air Force Records Disposition Schedule in the Air Force Information Management System. -
Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES
C O R P O R A T I O N Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES Christopher Paul, Colin P. Clarke, Michael Schwille, Jakub P. Hlávka, Michael A. Brown, Steven S. Davenport, Isaac R. Porche III, Joel Harding For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1925z2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9997-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise from top left): Giorgio Montersino via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0); U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Adawn Kelsey; U.S. Air Force photo by Tech Sgt John Gordinier; U.S. Air National Guard photo by Master Sgt Andrew J. Moseley; Russian Ministry of Defence (CC BY 4.0); North Korean national media Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. -
GAO-12-707, WARFIGHTER SUPPORT: DOD Should Improve
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Requesters GAO September 2012 WARFIGHTER SUPPORT DOD Should Improve Development of Camouflage Uniforms and Enhance Collaboration Among the Services GAO-12-707 September 2012 WARFIGHTER SUPPORT DOD Should Improve Development of Camouflage Uniforms and Enhance Collaboration Among the Services Highlights of GAO-12-707, a report to congressional requesters Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Since 2002, the military services have The military services have a degree of discretion regarding whether and how to introduced seven new camouflage apply Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition guidance for their uniform uniforms with varying patterns and development and they varied in their usage of that guidance. As a result, the colors—two desert, two woodland, and services had fragmented procedures for managing their uniform development three universal. In addition, the Army is programs, and did not consistently develop effective camouflage uniforms. GAO developing new uniform options and identified two key elements that are essential for producing successful outcomes estimates it may cost up to $4 billion in acquisitions: 1) using clear policies and procedures that are implemented over 5 years to replace its current consistently, and 2) obtaining effective information to make decisions, such as uniform and associated protective credible, reliable, and timely data. The Marine Corps followed these two key gear. GAO was asked to review the elements to produce a successful outcome, and developed a uniform that met its services’ development of new camouflage uniforms. This report requirements. By contrast, two other services, the Army and Air Force, did not addresses: 1) the extent to which DOD follow the two key elements; both services developed uniforms that did not meet guidance provides a consistent mission requirements and had to replace them. -
Airborne Magazine - January/ April 2015
AIRBORNE MAGAZINE - JANUARY/ APRIL 2015 COLOPHON CONTENT 3.-4. The Airborne Magazine is a publication of the Wim Duyts leaves the Management of the Airborne Society of Friends of the Airborne Museum Museum Foundation - Paul Tirion Oosterbeek [SFAM) and appears three times per year. The objective is to promote the Airborne Museum, the SFAM and the history 4.News from Niall- Niall Cherry of the Battle of Arnhem. 4.-5. Editors: Tree for Sir James Cleminson, Part 2 - Niall Cherry Ors. Robert P.G.A. Voskuil, Wybo Boersma MBE Tessa Janssen The5. Weekend of the War Book' [Marketing @ Sales Airborne Museum) Marieke Helsen, Curator of the Airborne Museum. Saturday5. 30 May 2015 -'Experience Tour· - The Battle of Arn hem from the German perspective· Archiving and distribution of back numbers of the magazine: Wybo Boersma, Ede, [email protected] 6.'Iconic Images': the theme for Sunday 31 May- Marieke Helsen Translation: Peter Burton, London, UK 7. New photographic books- Wybo Boersma Design: Michal Kuscielek 7 .-8. Artefakt Design, Nuenen Tanno Pieterse passed away- Robert Voskuil Print: 8. Wedding Proson, Harderwijk Saturday 4 July 2015: Battlefield Tourto the Albert Canal and Fort Eben-Emael in Belgium E-mail address SFAM: [email protected] Telephone: 0318 639633 9.Parts of a Eureka beacon bought by the SFAM and donated to the Airborne Museum Postal address: SFAM, lvar Goedings, P.O. Box. 8047, 6710 AA, Ede, Speakers9. invited The Netherlands 10. Who can design a logo for the SFAM? 10. Book about the 'Denison Smock'- Wybo Boersma 11. Exhibition -'Van Huis en Haard -Airborne Memo ries", extended due to its success- Tessa Jansen 11.-14. -
Canadian Armed Forces Dress Instructions
National A-DH-265-000/AG-001 Defence CANADIAN ARMED FORCES DRESS INSTRUCTIONS (English) (Supersedes A-AD-265-000/AG-001 dated 2017-02-01) Issued on Authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff OPI: DHH 2017-12-15 A-DH 265-000/AG-001 FOREWORD 1. A-DH-265-000/AG-001, Canadian Armed Forces Dress Instructions, is issued on authority of the Chief of Defence Staff. 2. The short title for this publication shall be CAF Dress Instructions. 3. A-DH-265-000/AG-001 is effective upon receipt and supersedes all dress policy and rules previously issued as a manual, supplement, order, or instruction, except: a. QR&O Chapter 17 – Dress and Appearance; b. QR&O Chapter 18 – Honours; c. CFAO 17-1, Safety and protective equipment- Motorcycles, Motor scooters, Mopeds, Bicycles and Snowmobiles; and 4. Suggestions for revision shall be forwarded through the chain of command to the Chief of the Defence Staff, Attention: Director History and Heritage. See Chapter 1. i A-DH 265-000/AG-001 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................... i CHAPTER 1 COMMAND, CONTROL AND STAFF DUTIES ............................................................. 1-1 COMMAND ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 CONTROL .....................................................................................................................................................