Camouflage Assessment: Machine and Human
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Wehrmacht Uniforms
Wehrmacht uniforms This article discusses the uniforms of the World uniforms, not included here, began to break away in 1935 War II Wehrmacht (Army, Air Force, and with minor design differences. Navy). For the Schutzstaffel, see Uniforms and Terms such as M40 and M43 were never designated by the insignia of the Schutzstaffel. Wehrmacht, but are names given to the different versions of the Modell 1936 field tunic by modern collectors, to discern between variations, as the M36 was steadily sim- plified and tweaked due to production time problems and combat experience. The corresponding German term for tunic is Feldbluse and literally translates “field blouse”. 1 Heer 1.1 Insignia Main article: Ranks and insignia of the Heer (1935– 1945) For medals see List of military decorations of the Third Reich Uniforms of the Heer as the ground forces of the Wehrmacht were distinguished from other branches by two devices: the army form of the Wehrmachtsadler or German general Alfred Jodl wearing black leather trenchcoat Hoheitszeichen (national emblem) worn above the right breast pocket, and – with certain exceptions – collar tabs bearing a pair of Litzen (Doppellitze “double braid”), a device inherited from the old Prussian Guard which re- sembled a Roman numeral II on its side. Both eagle and Litzen were machine-embroidered or woven in white or grey (hand-embroidered in silk, silver or aluminium for officers). Rank was worn on shoulder-straps except for junior enlisted (Mannschaften), who wore plain shoulder- straps and their rank insignia, if any, on the left upper sleeve. NCO’s wore a 9mm silver or grey braid around the collar edge. -
VOL 1, No 69 (69) (2021) the Scientific Heritage (Budapest, Hungary
VOL 1, No 69 (69) (2021) The scientific heritage (Budapest, Hungary) The journal is registered and published in Hungary. The journal publishes scientific studies, reports and reports about achievements in different scientific fields. Journal is published in English, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, German and French. Articles are accepted each month. Frequency: 24 issues per year. Format - A4 ISSN 9215 — 0365 All articles are reviewed Free access to the electronic version of journal Edition of journal does not carry responsibility for the materials published in a journal. Sending the article to the editorial the author confirms it’s uniqueness and takes full responsibility for possible consequences for breaking copyright laws Chief editor: Biro Krisztian Managing editor: Khavash Bernat • Gridchina Olga - Ph.D., Head of the Department of Industrial Management and Logistics (Moscow, Russian Federation) • Singula Aleksandra - Professor, Department of Organization and Management at the University of Zagreb (Zagreb, Croatia) • Bogdanov Dmitrij - Ph.D., candidate of pedagogical sciences, managing the laboratory (Kiev, Ukraine) • Chukurov Valeriy - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Biochemistry of the Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences (Minsk, Republic of Belarus) • Torok Dezso - Doctor of Chemistry, professor, Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry (Budapest, Hungary) • Filipiak Pawel - doctor of political sciences, pro-rector on a management by a property complex and to the public relations -
Story/Photos: Michał Sitarski, Bartosz Szołucha
Story/photos: Michał Sitarski, Bartosz Szołucha www.fragoutmag.com ON 19-21TH OCTOBER 2016 IN PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC, THE 12TH EDITION OF CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION FOCUSING ON REPORT MODERN AND FUTURE ARMED FORCES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. In comparison to last two editions, when the exhibition was separated from the NATO Conference, Future Forces 2016 was way more attractive and the number of exhibitors raised. INVISTA CORDURA CORDURA brand is a well- known trademark in tactical and outdoor communities. Their durable and rugged fabrics based on Nylon 6.6 can be found in almost every part of tactical gear or hiking gear. Less people know that CORDURA fabrics can be also utilized in the combat uniforms, including the fire resistant clothing. During the Future Forces 2016 we have spotted a prototype combat shirt from USMC EFRCE com- bat uniform which will replace the currently used USMC FROG II ensemble. Other interesting piece was prototype combat uniform and tactical gear gear with fabrics dyed in Solution Dyed Nylon or SDN in short, where every yarn is dyed to the required color. This allows to achieve a single and unified color on completely different fabrics - there won’t be a difference in shades of FR uniform clothing and Cordura 500D webbing as it happens now, when older tech- nologies are used. The colorfastness of SDN fabrics is far ahead of standard fabrics. THERMOTEKNIX This British company specialized in the thermal cameras and devices, most famous from the ClipIR thermal clip-on which could be attached to almost every night vision device, debuted the prototype of FuseIR monocular device combining the image intensifier with thermal camera in single units. -
Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES
C O R P O R A T I O N Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES Christopher Paul, Colin P. Clarke, Michael Schwille, Jakub P. Hlávka, Michael A. Brown, Steven S. Davenport, Isaac R. Porche III, Joel Harding For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1925z2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9997-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise from top left): Giorgio Montersino via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0); U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Adawn Kelsey; U.S. Air Force photo by Tech Sgt John Gordinier; U.S. Air National Guard photo by Master Sgt Andrew J. Moseley; Russian Ministry of Defence (CC BY 4.0); North Korean national media Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. -
Assessment of Camouflage Effectiveness Based on Perceived Color Difference and Gradient Magnitude
sensors Letter Assessment of Camouflage Effectiveness Based on Perceived Color Difference and Gradient Magnitude Xueqiong Bai, Ningfang Liao * and Wenmin Wu National Laboratory of Colour Science and Engineering, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (X.B.); [email protected] (W.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-136-7121-0649 Received: 22 June 2020; Accepted: 16 August 2020; Published: 19 August 2020 Abstract: We propose a new model to assess the effectiveness of camouflage in terms of perceived color difference and gradient magnitude. The “image color similarity index” (ICSI) and gradient magnitude similarity deviation (GMSD) were employed to analyze color and texture differences, respectively, between background and camouflage images. Information entropy theory was used to calculate weights for each metric, yielding an overall camouflage effectiveness metric. During the analysis process, both spatial and color perceptions of the human visual system (HVS) were considered, to mimic real-world observations. Subjective tests were used to compare our proposed method with previous methods, and our results confirmed the validity of assessing camouflage effectiveness based on perceived color difference and gradient magnitude. Keywords: image processing; color appearance; camouflage effectiveness 1. Introduction Camouflage, which serves to blend objects into the background by using similar colors and patterns, has many applications in the fields of bionics and robotics, and for military purposes. Over the past few decades, elements of computer vision, statistical analysis, image processing, nanomaterials, human visual perception, and ergonomics have been introduced to camouflage research [1–5]. A good evaluation method to test the effectiveness of camouflage is very important—one which can provide an effective theoretical basis for camouflage research, predict the performance of camouflage in advance, and help to subsequently optimize the design of camouflage patterns. -
Bilder Einer Besseren Welt : Die Utopie Im Nichtfiktionalen Film
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 Bilder einer besseren Welt : die Utopie im nichtfiktionalen Film Spiegel, Simon Abstract: Seit Thomas Morus’ «Utopia» sind in den letzten 500 Jahren zahlreiche literarische Werke erschienen, die eine bessere Welt entwerfen. Im Film scheint die positive Utopie dagegen inexis tent. Die bisherige Forschung konzentrierte sich fast ausschließlich auf dystopische Spielfilme, da positive Szenar- ien den Anforderungen des Mediums angeblich zuwiderlaufen. «Bilder einer besseren Welt» wählt einen anderen Ansatz und nimmt, ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass auch literarische Utopien primär als Reaktionen auf eine missliche Gegenwart und nicht als unter haltendeErzählungen gedacht sind, mit dem Doku mentar- und Propagandafilm einen bisher kaum erforschten Bereich in den Fokus. Die Studie baut auf aktuellen Erkenntnissen der Utopie -und Dokumentar filmforschung auf und behandelt ein historisch und thematisch weit gefasstes Filmkorpus. Zu den unter suchten Werken gehören zionistische Propa- ganda filme,filmische Stadtutopien, sozialistische Zukunfts filmesowie Web- Videosder Terrororganisation Islamischer Staat. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23799/9783741000829 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-169556 Monograph Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) License. -
The Museum of Modern Art Roof Garden
The Museum of Modern Art Roof Garden New York, New York 2003-05 Ken Smith. Ken Smith Landscape Architect, New York, New York Axonometric view from northwest Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/thld_a_00280 by guest on 27 September 2021 Jacky Bowring Revealing Concealment: The Strange Case of the MoMA Roof Garden Beware: Whoever pretends to be a ghost will eventually turn into one. Roger Caillois ^33s' Who am I? If this once I were to rely on a proverb, then perhaps everything would amount to l<nowing whom I "haunt." Andre Breton 1928^ A curious garden has alighted on the newly made-over MoMA, "Nature creates similarities. One need only think of mimicry. the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Not visible from the The highest capacity for producing similarities, however, is gallery itself since it is on the roof Ken Smith's camouflage man's. His gift of seeing resemblances is nothing other than garden is modeled on the generic splotchy pattern of army a rudiment of the powerful compulsion in former times to uniforms and military machines. Smith's garden is presented become and behave like something else. Perhaps there is none as "ironic" and a "subversion of camouflage's function to of his higher functions in which his mimetic faculty does not hide or conceal."' Such commentary is intended to allude play a decisive role."^ to the artifice of the practice of landscape architecture, As a social practice, mimicry is inherently anthropomorphic, where the fal<e natural is used to disguise "ugly" elements a subjective rather than objective perception. -
Journal of Textiles and Polymers
Part A: English Edition Journal of Textiles and Polymers Vol. 9, No. 3, 21-28, July 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.48302/jtp.2021.136075 ORIGINAL PAPER Multi-dimensional Analytical Base Method for Evaluating Camouflage Patterns Elaheh Daneshvar, Mohammad Amani Tehrani*, and Fatemeh Zeighami Received: 12 December 2020, Accepted: 17 April 2021 Abstract- Precise evaluation of camouflage patterns is very a camouflage effect to safeguard the army forces in battles. important to achieve an effective protective cover. Recently, Although the early military uniforms had no camouflage researchers have focused on proposing computational pattern, the recently produced uniforms contain camouflage methods for camouflage evaluation using algorithms of patterns due to the development of military tactics [1]. image feature extraction. Although the available indexes Therefore, the military forces attempt to produce more determine the similarity of camouflage patterns to the successful camouflage patterns concerning the strategic environmental background, they generally suffer from a regions. In this regard, the evaluation of camouflage lack of quantified camouflage principles. The main idea of this paper is to propose a new evaluation metric by defining patterns is an important step to produce an effective seven camouflage factors to evaluate camouflage patterns. camouflage pattern [2]. Researchers proposed different To this end, several conceptual factors of camouflage quantitative metrics based on image feature extraction to that are vital for a camouflage pattern were defined. evaluate camouflage patterns [2-8]. Accordingly, if a pattern does not contain the mentioned Indeed, all the available evaluation methods of camouflage factors, it cannot be considered as an effective camouflage patterns are computable approaches based protective pattern. -
For Camouflage Concealment of Facilities
Technical Note 446 The Use of for Camouflage Concealment of Facilities April 2015 A drilling rig sits atop the Roan Plateau in western Colorado. (image courtesy of Richard Compton) Suggested citation: Bureau of Land Management. 2015. The Use of Color for Camouflage Concealment of Facilities. Tech Note 446. Bureau of Land Management, Washington Office, Washington, DC. Production services provided by: Bureau of Land Management National Operations Center Information and Publishing Services Section P.O. Box 25047 Denver, CO 80225 BLM/OC/ST-15/004+8400 Acknowledgments Bureau of Land Management Tammie Adams, Writer/Editor, National Operations Funding and sponsorship for this publication were Center, Colorado provided by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Ray Brady, Manager, National Renewable Energy Management (BLM). Coordination Office Tom Lahti deserves special recognition for his leadership, Brad Cownover, BLM Chief Landscape Architect guidance, and analytical attention to detail during the (formerly), Washington Office critical periods of this project; Terry Del Bene for the Terry Del Bene, Archaeologist, Rock Springs Field idea and early efforts that led to this outcome; and Sherry Office, Wyoming (retired) Lahti for managing the project to completion. Jennifer Hare, Landscape Architect Intern, Special thanks is extended to Guy Cramer of Washington Office HyperStealth Biotechnology Corporation who graciously dedicated endless hours to the BLM, providing time, Kay Hopkins, Recreation Specialist, -
Camouflage As the Additional Form of Protection During Special Operations
of the target (5mm) was obtained on 16 layers of dry of Article 56319А ballistic fabric with the impact en- fabric and on 8 layers of fabric impregnated with SiO2 ergy of 31 J. In this case non-perforation of the dry water suspension. At the same time the weight package was obtained on 32 layers, and of the STF- of the impregnated armor package increased by a fac- treated package – on 16 layers. Thus, in this case tor of 1.5, i.e. total gain by areal density was 25%. the gain by the areal density was also 25%. Fig.5 pres- Fig. 3shows the photos of rear surfaces of the dry ents the photos of the rear surfaces of the dry and STF- and impregnated 8-layer armor packages impacted treated 16-layer armor packages impacted by an ice- by a bayonet. pick. A similar experiment was conducted with an icepick impacting dry and STF-treated armor packages made Camouflage as the Additional Form of Protection during Special Operations A. Bartczak, K. Fortuniak, E. Maklewska, E. Obersztyn, M. Olejnik, G. Redlich Key Project No. POIG 01.03.01-00-006/08 entitled: „New generation barrier materials, protecting humans against the The Institute of Security Technology “Moratex” harmful environmental impact”. INTRODUCTION various operating activities and peacekeeping missions. The priority of the commanding officers The camouflaging materials used at present warrant must be to ensure protection of their staff throughout a wide range of masking possibilities. They are found all stages of the operations carried out, which should in two forms: as masking covers ensuring optical and be ensured thanks to the following undertakings: radiolocation camouflage and anti-thermal sets. -
Product Guide 2014 Premium Military Equipment
PREMIUM MILITARY EQUIPMENT PRODUCT GUIDE 2014 BRIEFING CONTENT Apart from his technical equipment, a soldier‘s most important combat item is his body. That is why we set out 6 Baselayer to develop gear to defend the body as well as possible, 8 Second Layer while increasing each individual‘s effectiveness. The geographical location of our firm, at the foot of the Alps 10 Combat Shirt has had a large influence on the choice of materials for 12 Instructor Shirt our entire product range. This is readily evident in many of the products appearing in the 2014 range. 16 Raider Shirt 18 Raider Pants Claw Gear - Premium Military Equipment 20 Stalker Shirt 22 Stalker Pants KEY 26 Operator Combat Pants 28 Enforcer Tactical Pants 2-way-stretch water repellent 32 Aviceda 34 Milvago 4-way-stretch wind proof 36 Harpia moisture wicking warming 40 Harpagus 42 Combat Insulation Light dries quickly water proof 44 Gloves 47 Headwear & three layer lightweight Protection membrane tough 50 Knives 51 Mission Sensor & compressible low noise Lightsticks 52 T-Shirts 54 Size Chart All prices are suggested retail prices including VAT. All rights, changes and errors reserved. 2 3 DEFEND YOUR BASE For our Baselayer series, we deliberately chose the Baselayer line of products from Cordura. This cloth which was specially developed for military and law enforcement has the qualities that we look for in a perfect soldier underwear. Colors: Black, Sandstone from € 36.90 130g/170g (Size M) BASELAYER SHIRT & LONG SLEEVE The perfect skin form shirt for year round use featuring “No Melt - No Drip“ performance. -
Tattici, Uniformi, Mimetismi, Ed Altre Facezie…
Tattici, Uniformi, Mimetismi, ed altre facezie… Breve guida a cura di EAF51_Bear V. 1.2. - Aprile 2013 Pag. 1 Indice Indice pag. 2 Introduzione pag. 3 Load Carrying Equipment (il tattico) pag. 4 Uniformi da combattimento pag. 18 Pattern mimetici pag. 23 Pag. 2 Introduzione Sono sempre stato appassionato di storia militare. Da anni utilizzo il simulatore di volo IL-2 Sturmovik, partecipando alle attività on-line dell’EAF – European Air Force (www.europeanaf.org) e del relativo Squadron italiano (www.eaf51.org) Da qualche anno, complici alcuni dei piloti virtuali dell’EAF, ho cominciato a giocare a softair. La pratica del softair, e l’esigenza di un adeguato equipaggiamento, mi ha portato a frequentare vari siti in Internet dove si discorre, tra l’altro, di mimetiche e accessori tattici. Molto spesso le descrizioni di divise, mimetiche, ed accessori sono imprecise, e spesso sbagliate. Un esempio per tutti è la designazione del mimetismo attualmente impiegato dall’US ARMY, spesso identificato come ACU. In realtà ACU, acronimo di Army Combat Uniform (uniforme da combattimento dell’esercito) identifica particolare taglio di uniforme, costituito da camicia con collo alla coreana, due tasche inclinate sul petto e due sulle parte superiore maniche, 8 tasche sui pantaloni (due ventrali, due posteriori, due sulle cosce, e due tasche caricatori Colt all’esterno del polpaccio). Il mimetismo digitale attualmente utilizzato dall’US Army si chiama invece UCP (Universal Camouflage Pattern) in genere anche denominato ACUPAT (Army Combat Uniform Pattern). Il diffuso utilizzo di queste imprecisioni mi ha spinto a provare di sistematizzare ed integrare in modo organico le informazioni di cui disponevo, cercando di identificare correttamente la tipologia delle uniformi, dei diversi mimetismi, dei Load Carrying Equipment, ed i loro acronimi.