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Wehrmacht Uniforms
Wehrmacht uniforms This article discusses the uniforms of the World uniforms, not included here, began to break away in 1935 War II Wehrmacht (Army, Air Force, and with minor design differences. Navy). For the Schutzstaffel, see Uniforms and Terms such as M40 and M43 were never designated by the insignia of the Schutzstaffel. Wehrmacht, but are names given to the different versions of the Modell 1936 field tunic by modern collectors, to discern between variations, as the M36 was steadily sim- plified and tweaked due to production time problems and combat experience. The corresponding German term for tunic is Feldbluse and literally translates “field blouse”. 1 Heer 1.1 Insignia Main article: Ranks and insignia of the Heer (1935– 1945) For medals see List of military decorations of the Third Reich Uniforms of the Heer as the ground forces of the Wehrmacht were distinguished from other branches by two devices: the army form of the Wehrmachtsadler or German general Alfred Jodl wearing black leather trenchcoat Hoheitszeichen (national emblem) worn above the right breast pocket, and – with certain exceptions – collar tabs bearing a pair of Litzen (Doppellitze “double braid”), a device inherited from the old Prussian Guard which re- sembled a Roman numeral II on its side. Both eagle and Litzen were machine-embroidered or woven in white or grey (hand-embroidered in silk, silver or aluminium for officers). Rank was worn on shoulder-straps except for junior enlisted (Mannschaften), who wore plain shoulder- straps and their rank insignia, if any, on the left upper sleeve. NCO’s wore a 9mm silver or grey braid around the collar edge. -
Camouflage Assessment: Machine and Human
Computers in Industry 99 (2018) 173–182 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers in Industry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compind Camouflage assessment: Machine and human a,c, a d a Timothy N. Volonakis *, Olivia E. Matthews , Eric Liggins , Roland J. Baddeley , a b Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel , Innes C. Cuthill a School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK b School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK c Centre for Machine Vision, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK d QinetiQ Ltd, Cody Technology Park, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0LX, UK A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 14 September 2017 A vision model is designed using low-level vision principles so that it can perform as a human observer Received in revised form 7 March 2018 model for camouflage assessment. In a camouflaged-object assessment task, using military patterns in an Accepted 15 March 2018 outdoor environment, human performance at detection and recognition is compared with the human Available online xxx observer model. This involved field data acquisition and subsequent image calibration, a human experiment, and the design of the vision model. Human and machine performance, at recognition and Keywords: detection, of military patterns in two environments was found to correlate highly. Our model offers an Camouflage assessment inexpensive, automated, and objective method for the assessment of camouflage where it is impractical, Observer modelling or too expensive, to use human observers to evaluate the conspicuity of a large number of candidate Visual search patterns. -
VOL 1, No 69 (69) (2021) the Scientific Heritage (Budapest, Hungary
VOL 1, No 69 (69) (2021) The scientific heritage (Budapest, Hungary) The journal is registered and published in Hungary. The journal publishes scientific studies, reports and reports about achievements in different scientific fields. Journal is published in English, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, German and French. Articles are accepted each month. Frequency: 24 issues per year. Format - A4 ISSN 9215 — 0365 All articles are reviewed Free access to the electronic version of journal Edition of journal does not carry responsibility for the materials published in a journal. Sending the article to the editorial the author confirms it’s uniqueness and takes full responsibility for possible consequences for breaking copyright laws Chief editor: Biro Krisztian Managing editor: Khavash Bernat • Gridchina Olga - Ph.D., Head of the Department of Industrial Management and Logistics (Moscow, Russian Federation) • Singula Aleksandra - Professor, Department of Organization and Management at the University of Zagreb (Zagreb, Croatia) • Bogdanov Dmitrij - Ph.D., candidate of pedagogical sciences, managing the laboratory (Kiev, Ukraine) • Chukurov Valeriy - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Biochemistry of the Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences (Minsk, Republic of Belarus) • Torok Dezso - Doctor of Chemistry, professor, Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry (Budapest, Hungary) • Filipiak Pawel - doctor of political sciences, pro-rector on a management by a property complex and to the public relations -
Tactical Concealment Mfg. Corp. Apparel, Supplies & Solutions for Military & Law Enforcement SNIPERS
Tactical Concealment Mfg. Corp. Apparel, Supplies & Solutions for Military & Law Enforcement SNIPERS ABLE OF ONTENTS TTABLE OF C CONTENTS SNIPER APPAREL Page 3 SNIPERMamba APPAREL Suit PagePage 3 4 MambaBoonieSkin Suit Sniper Hat PagePage 4 5 BoonieSkinViper Family Sniper Chart Hat PagePage 5 6-7 ViperViper Family Hood Chart PagePage 6-7 8 ViperViper Hood Backdrape PagePage 8 9 ViperViper Backdrape Ultra-lite PagePage 9 10 ViperCobra Ultra- Familylite Chart PagePage 10 11 CobraCobra Family Hood Chart PagePage 11 12 CobraROID HoodCobra Hood PagePage 12 13 ROIDCobra Cobra Hood Hood Ultra- lite PagePage 13 14- 15 CobraSuper Hood Cobra Ultra- lite PagePage 14- 1615 SuperKing Cobra PagePage 16 18 KingSniper Cobra Sleeves PagePage 18 19 SniperArmadillo Sleeves Family Chart PagePage 19 20 ArmadilloArmadillo Family Ultra-lite Chart Chaps PagePage 20 21 ArmadilloArmadillo Ultra-lite Light Duty Chaps Chaps PagePage 21 22 ArmadilloArmadillo Light Heavy Duty Duty Chaps Chaps PagePage 22 23 ArmadilloSidewinder Heavy Chest Duty Skid Chaps Plate PagePage 23 24 SidewinderSidewinder Chest Skid BibSkid Plate PagePage 24 25 SidewinderBOA and PythonSkid Bib Suspenders PagePage 25 26 BOAHeckens and Python Blast Mat Suspenders Page 26 Heckens Blast Mat GHILLIE SUIT KITS Page 27 GHILLIEICCD Kit SUIT # 6 KITS Page 27 ICCD Kit # 6 SUPPLIES & ACCESSORIES Page 28 SUPPLIESSpyder Mesh & ACCESSORIES PagePage 28 29 SpyderIndustrial Mesh Color Dye PagePage 29 30 IndustrialGSP Nylon Color Dye PagePage 30 31 GSPGhillie Nylon Garnish Comparison PagePage 31 32 GhillieMOSS Garnish Jute Comparison PagePage 32 33 MOSS1-Ply JuteJute PagePage 33 34 1-PlyStalk Jute Grass PagePage 34 35 StalkBristle Grass Weed PagePage 35 36- 39 BristleMisc. -
Story/Photos: Michał Sitarski, Bartosz Szołucha
Story/photos: Michał Sitarski, Bartosz Szołucha www.fragoutmag.com ON 19-21TH OCTOBER 2016 IN PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC, THE 12TH EDITION OF CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION FOCUSING ON REPORT MODERN AND FUTURE ARMED FORCES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. In comparison to last two editions, when the exhibition was separated from the NATO Conference, Future Forces 2016 was way more attractive and the number of exhibitors raised. INVISTA CORDURA CORDURA brand is a well- known trademark in tactical and outdoor communities. Their durable and rugged fabrics based on Nylon 6.6 can be found in almost every part of tactical gear or hiking gear. Less people know that CORDURA fabrics can be also utilized in the combat uniforms, including the fire resistant clothing. During the Future Forces 2016 we have spotted a prototype combat shirt from USMC EFRCE com- bat uniform which will replace the currently used USMC FROG II ensemble. Other interesting piece was prototype combat uniform and tactical gear gear with fabrics dyed in Solution Dyed Nylon or SDN in short, where every yarn is dyed to the required color. This allows to achieve a single and unified color on completely different fabrics - there won’t be a difference in shades of FR uniform clothing and Cordura 500D webbing as it happens now, when older tech- nologies are used. The colorfastness of SDN fabrics is far ahead of standard fabrics. THERMOTEKNIX This British company specialized in the thermal cameras and devices, most famous from the ClipIR thermal clip-on which could be attached to almost every night vision device, debuted the prototype of FuseIR monocular device combining the image intensifier with thermal camera in single units. -
Vol. 83 Friday, No. 198 October 12, 2018 Pages 51621–51814
Vol. 83 Friday, No. 198 October 12, 2018 Pages 51621–51814 OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER VerDate Sep 11 2014 21:41 Oct 11, 2018 Jkt 247001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\12OCWS.LOC 12OCWS khammond on DSK30JT082PROD with FR-WS II Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 198 / Friday, October 12, 2018 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office PUBLIC of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, under the Federal Register Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) Subscriptions: and the regulations of the Administrative Committee of the Federal Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Government Publishing Office, is the exclusive distributor of the official edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general (Toll-Free) applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published FEDERAL AGENCIES by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public Subscriptions: interest. Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions: Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the Email [email protected] issuing agency requests earlier filing. -
Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES
C O R P O R A T I O N Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES Christopher Paul, Colin P. Clarke, Michael Schwille, Jakub P. Hlávka, Michael A. Brown, Steven S. Davenport, Isaac R. Porche III, Joel Harding For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1925z2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9997-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise from top left): Giorgio Montersino via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0); U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Adawn Kelsey; U.S. Air Force photo by Tech Sgt John Gordinier; U.S. Air National Guard photo by Master Sgt Andrew J. Moseley; Russian Ministry of Defence (CC BY 4.0); North Korean national media Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. -
Body Painting Type Analysis Based on Biomimicry Camouflage
International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications 2020; 6(1): 1-11 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijaaa doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20200601.11 ISSN: 2472-1107 (Print); ISSN: 2472-1131 (Online) Review Article Body Painting Type Analysis Based on Biomimicry Camouflage Eun-Young Park Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea Email address: To cite this article: Eun-Young Park. Body Painting Type Analysis Based on Biomimicry Camouflage. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications. Vol. 6, No. 1, 2020, pp. 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20200601.11 Received: November 26, 2019; Accepted: December 20, 2019; Published: January 7, 2020 Abstract: The purpose of this study is to establish a method and find a possible way of applying biomimicry camouflage in body painting. This study seeks a direction for the future of the beauty and art industry through biomimicry. For this study, we analyzed the works by classifying camouflage body painting into passive and active camouflage sections based on the application of biomimicry to the artificial camouflage system. In terms of detailed types, passive camouflage was classified into general resemblance and special resemblance, and active camouflage into adventitious resemblance and variable protective resemblance, and expression characteristics and type were derived. Passive camouflage is the work of the pictorial expressive technique using aqueous and oily body painting products. The general resemblance was expressed as a body painting of crypsis and camouflage strategies. The special resemblance is a mimicry in which the human body camouflages the whole figure of living organisms or inanimate objects. -
Volume 19 Issue 1 E on TARGET?
February 2012 Issue $3.95 Cdn / $4.50 US Display until March 2, 2012 Publications Mail # 40069149 Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to Circulation Dept. 204-1066 Somerset St. W. Ottawa ON K1Y 4T3 february 2012 esprit de corps 1 HALIFAX SHIPYARDS NEW AD 2 volume 19 issue 1 e ON TARGET? Volume 19 Issue 1 Heaping medals on a Publisher Manager commander will not turn the Scott Taylor Julie Simoneau Scott Taylor publisher Libya mission into a success story Assoc. Publisher Circulation Avi Gavai Natasha Overduin Columnist Atlantic Rep I noted with interest that in the latest and air force flypast, a grateful Parliament Michael Nickerson Gord Crowe crop of Order of Canada recipients was acknowledged that Bouchard had been Contributing Editors none other than Lieutenant-General fast-tracked to receive the Meritorious Les Peate, Norman Shannon Charles Bouchard. All those who have Service Cross from the Governor General Reporters Jessica Campbell, Marlee Wasser hadI the honour to serve with Bouchard of Canada for his role in bringing down Special Events acknowledge that he was a capable the Libyan tyrant. Now, just one month Thérèse Darêche, Lale Eskicioglu helicopter pilot and competent com- later, he was named to the Order of Michèle Simoneau mander. Nonetheless, the sheer rapidity Canada for the same feat. Contributors in this issue of his nomination and selection gives his To provide just a little context, it must Col. Michel Drapeau, Joshua Juneau, Eric Leclerc, honour the whiff of a propaganda ploy. be noted that included in the same list Rick Leswick, Josh Libben, John P. -
Assessment of Camouflage Effectiveness Based on Perceived Color Difference and Gradient Magnitude
sensors Letter Assessment of Camouflage Effectiveness Based on Perceived Color Difference and Gradient Magnitude Xueqiong Bai, Ningfang Liao * and Wenmin Wu National Laboratory of Colour Science and Engineering, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (X.B.); [email protected] (W.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-136-7121-0649 Received: 22 June 2020; Accepted: 16 August 2020; Published: 19 August 2020 Abstract: We propose a new model to assess the effectiveness of camouflage in terms of perceived color difference and gradient magnitude. The “image color similarity index” (ICSI) and gradient magnitude similarity deviation (GMSD) were employed to analyze color and texture differences, respectively, between background and camouflage images. Information entropy theory was used to calculate weights for each metric, yielding an overall camouflage effectiveness metric. During the analysis process, both spatial and color perceptions of the human visual system (HVS) were considered, to mimic real-world observations. Subjective tests were used to compare our proposed method with previous methods, and our results confirmed the validity of assessing camouflage effectiveness based on perceived color difference and gradient magnitude. Keywords: image processing; color appearance; camouflage effectiveness 1. Introduction Camouflage, which serves to blend objects into the background by using similar colors and patterns, has many applications in the fields of bionics and robotics, and for military purposes. Over the past few decades, elements of computer vision, statistical analysis, image processing, nanomaterials, human visual perception, and ergonomics have been introduced to camouflage research [1–5]. A good evaluation method to test the effectiveness of camouflage is very important—one which can provide an effective theoretical basis for camouflage research, predict the performance of camouflage in advance, and help to subsequently optimize the design of camouflage patterns. -
7 X 11.5 Long Title.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-15257-0 - Animal Camouflage: Mechanisms and Function Edited by Martin Stevens and Sami Merilaita Excerpt More information 1 Animal camouflage Function and mechanisms Martin Stevens and Sami Merilaita 1.1 Introduction One cannot help being impressed by the near-perfect camouflage of a moth matching the colour and pattern of the tree on which it rests, or of the many examples in nature of animals resembling other objects in order to be hidden (Figure 1.1). The Nobel Prize winning ethologist Niko Tinbergen referred to such moths as ‘bark with wings’ (Tinbergen 1974), such was the impressiveness of their camouflage. On a basic level, camouflage can be thought of as the property of an object that renders it difficult to detect or recognise by virtue of its similarity to its environment (Stevens & Merilaita 2009a). The advantage of being concealed from predators (or sometimes from prey) is easy to understand, and camouflage has long been used as a classical example of natural selection. Perhaps for this reason, until recently, camouflage was subject to little rigorous experimentation – its function and value seemed obvious. However, like any theory, the possible advantages of camouflage, and how it works, need rigorous scientific testing. Furthermore, as we shall see below and in this book in general, the concept of concealment is much richer, more complex and interesting than scientists originally thought. The natural world is full of amazing examples of camouflage, with the strategies employed diverse and sometimes extraordinary (Figure 1.2). These include using mark- ings to match the colour and pattern of the background, as do various moths (e.g. -
Defeating Crypsis: Detection and Learning of Camouflage Strategies
Defeating Crypsis: Detection and Learning of Camouflage Strategies Jolyon Troscianko1*, Alice E. Lown1, Anna E. Hughes2, Martin Stevens1 1 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Abstract Camouflage is perhaps the most widespread defence against predators in nature and an active area of interdisciplinary research. Recent work has aimed to understand what camouflage types exist (e.g. background matching, disruptive, and distractive patterns) and their effectiveness. However, work has almost exclusively focused on the efficacy of these strategies in preventing initial detection, despite the fact that predators often encounter the same prey phenotype repeatedly, affording them opportunities to learn to find those prey more effectively. The overall value of a camouflage strategy may, therefore, reflect both its ability to prevent detection by predators and resist predator learning. We conducted four experiments with humans searching for hidden targets of different camouflage types (disruptive, distractive, and background matching of various contrast levels) over a series of touch screen trials. As with previous work, disruptive coloration was the most successful method of concealment overall, especially with relatively high contrast patterns, whereas potentially distractive markings were either neutral or costly. However, high contrast patterns incurred faster decreases in detection times over trials compared to other stimuli. In addition, potentially distractive markings were sometimes learnt more slowly than background matching markings, despite being found more readily overall. Finally, learning effects were highly dependent upon the experimental paradigm, including the number of prey types seen and whether subjects encountered targets simultaneously or sequentially.