rANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 1989/90 Board of Governors Board of Management as at 31 March 1990 as at 31 March 1990 Chairman Director -General Marmaduke Hussey Michael Checkland Vice -Chairman Deputy Director -General The Rt Hon Lord Barnett Pc John Birt National Governor for Northern Ireland Managing Director, World Service Dr James Kincade CBE John Tusa

National Governor for Wales Managing Director, Network Radio John Parry CBE David Hatch National Governor for Scotland Managing Director, Network Television Professor Sir Graham Hills Paul Fox CBE Governors Managing Director, Regional Broadcasting Sir Curtis Keeble GCMG Ronald Neil Dr John Roberts Director of Engineering P. D. James OBE Bill Dennay Bill Jordan Keith Oates Director of Corporate Affairs Howell James Watson Peat CBE JP and Lady Parkes JP retired from the Board on 31 July 1989 Director of Finance Ian Phillips Director of Personnel Roger Chase

Published for the British Broadcasting Corporation, Broadcasting House, London WIA IAA Produced by BBC Information Services Designed by Benjamin Rowntree Reports Limited Printed by Jolly & Barber Ltd, Rugby, Warwickshire © BBC 1990 Contents

I Chairman's Foreword 2 2 Director -General's Statement 4 3 Board of Governors' Review 6

4 News and Current Affairs 12 5 Network Television 18 6 Network Radio 30 7 Regional Broadcasting 40 8 World Service 54 9 Religion 64 IO Education 67

11 Policy and Research 70 12 Legal Affairs 73 13 Public Accountability 74 14 Personnel 77 15 Advisory Bodies 78 16 Engineering 80 17 Enterprises 84 18 Awards 88

19 Statistics 92

20 Finance 95

21 Financial Statements

Auditors' Report 97

Statement of Accounting Policies 98 Home Services Group Statement of Income and Expenditure 100 Balance Sheets 101 Consolidated Source and Application of Funds Statement 102 Notes to the Financial Statements 103 World Service Statement of Income and Expenditure 108 Balance Sheet 109 Source and Application of Funds Statement 110 Notes to the Financial Statements I I I

22 Index 114 Chairman's Foreword

Broadcasting Bill this year and the growth of satellite television and commercial radio channels underscore this sea -change. The BBC has welcomed this new broadcasting environment. Much has been achieved by everyone in the BBC over the past years and I believe that we are now a more confident and better- managed organ- isation. Our structures have been rational- ised. The Board of Governors and Board of Management work harmoniously together. Our staff has a much clearer idea of the BBC's objectives and they are better equipped to face the Nineties. Last summer's dispute, though, focused our minds on the challenges which confront the BBC. The fundamental issue we face is to reconcile an adequate and competitive BBC Chairman staff remuneration with the investment Marmaduke necessary to retain and continually to Hussey with a improve the quality of our programmes. bronze bust of The resolution of this equation, examined Lord Reith on in the `Funding the Future' report published the centenary of at the beginning of the year, will inevitably Reith's birth affect the way the BBC is structured and This has been a year of significant change staffed. The recommendations of that for the BBC and for the whole broadcasting report are a start, but senior management industry. This might easily have been will have to work hard to maintain the written in each of my three previous intro- momentum. ductions to the BBC's Annual Report to The guiding principle of the BBC must Parliament. But, after so many predictions, be what it always has been - to provide much guesswork and some false starts, we the widest range of quality programmes have finally seen in the last 12 months the right across the full range of licence -payers' real transformation of the broadcasting tastes, interests and enthusiasms, or, as landscape. the Charter outlines, to inform, educate The BBC began its life as a government - and entertain. protected monopoly and then, after the In the past year we celebrated an arrival of ITV, became part of a government - important anniversary - the centenary of protected duopoly. Now that comfortable the birth of Lord Reith. In 1924, when arrangement has gone once and for all, broadcasting technology was in its infancy, and the BBC is part, albeit the largest and John Reith defined with remarkable most wide -ranging part, of a multi -national, prescience the objectives of the BBC in a highly competitive and increasingly market - deceptively simple but telling sentence: directed industry. The passage of the `The BBC's role is to bring the best of

2 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Chairman's Foreword continued

everything to the greatest number of That represents extraordinary loyalty and homes.' affection for our programmes in all their I am proud to repeat Reith's words because diversity, nationally, regionally and locally I believe that BBC programmes in the past and, equally, extraordinary value for year have demonstrated beyond doubt our money. continuing commitment to his vision. The The licence fee, I believe, remains the BBC reported the historic events in Eastern best system available for ensuring that the Europe on television, radio and the World BBC retains its courage, integrity and Service with unrivalled authority and independence - independence from immediacy. There is still an enormous pressure from any source, political, hunger for unbiased news and information commercial or propagandist. In return for in this country and across the world. The this distinctive form of funding, the BBC World Service's trusted role in dissemi- must be ever conscious of the privilege nating truth in this year of European rev- and responsibility that goes with it. We olutions has been outstanding. The time must continue to offer licence -payers the has now come when the World Service highest quality programmes, enabling the should secure the appropriate funds to nation to speak to itself in a fair and un- augment its radio broadcasting with tele- biased manner, in news and information, vision transmissions. At home we are all entertainment and the arts. Critical to that conscious of the impact that the successful is not just quality but the objective and introduction of cameras to the House of impartial presentation of public issues Commons has made to political coverage across our entire output. Every time we on television and we welcome it. The fall below those high standards we weaken World Service equally should add cameras the argument for the retention of the licence to their microphones. fee. It is the joint responsibility of the What makes the BBC different from Board of Governors and the Board of every other broadcaster is its method of Management to ensure that we do not. funding. The licence fee is a unique con- tract between the broadcaster and the public, which listens to and watches BBC programmes for an average of nearly three Marmaduke Hussey hours a day, every single day of the year. Chairman

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 3 2 Director -General's Statement

but to fund programme development. Recognising the need for the BBC to consider these far -reaching concerns, the `Funding the Future' committee under Director of Finance, Ian Phillips, was set up, briefed to find savings in order to fund a more competitive pay strategy, but with- out detriment to our programme output. In tandem with `Funding the Future' - the main proposals of which are discussed in the Board of Governors' review and in the Finance section of this Annual Report - the consultants Peat Marwick McLintock were asked to undertake a wide- ranging examination of pay, grading and conditions of service. How the recommendations in the consultants' report are to be implemented is still being discussed, but I am committed to a BBC which makes quality programmes BBC As the much anticipated new market across the range of public service broad- Director-General environment for broadcasting developed casting and which recognises that such Michael through 1989, the BBC continued to show programmes are the result of creative Checkland the imagination and the will to change - people working together, who have to be and the determination to manage that motivated and rewarded fairly. change effectively. Regrettably, in the process of achieving It certainly was not without broad- this, some jobs will be lost, as they will also casting triumphs. News and current affairs be as a consequence of the steady increase were spurred by events in China and in programmes made by independent pro- Eastern Europe, and by the introduction ducers, in line with the requirements of of television cameras into the House of the Broadcasting Bill. Only by shaping a Commons. Drama struck a particularly leaner and better -run BBC will we be equal rich seam. Audiences were high. The to the challenges of the Nineties. Even so, professional recognition at the major such losses are painful and we are approach- awards ceremonies was overwhelming. ing these changes in as responsible and But it was not without challenges. decent a way as we can. There was the Broadcasting Bill and its There are many challenges facing us. many issues (see panel page 11). A pay From April next year, the BBC itself takes dispute last summer highlighted how some over from the Post Office the responsibility BBC rates of pay had fallen behind in the for the collection of the licence fee. From industry. Staff in key areas were being lost that date, the Government intends to set to new competitors. And, faced with the the level of the licence taking into account expanding broadcasting market, there was our ability to generate income from sub- the need not only to maintain programmes scription services - the sales of specialist

4 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989, 90 Director- General's Statement continued 2

professional, educational and entertain- for these has been included in the 1990 -91 ment packages delivered in encoded form budget. via the BBC's transmitters during the night As the decade progresses, the BBC's hours. We have set up a separate company service to local audiences will be increas- to market these packages and the income ingly important. We shall have to see what which we can attract will be welcome and happens to the regional component of useful; and it will help to underpin the Channel 3 as new franchises are awarded. licence fee. Channel 4 is a national channel as, it seems, Elsewhere, we continue to look ener- will be Channel 5. Cable's capacity to getically at all possible ways of exploiting generate local programming has yet to be our resources and skills. BBC Enterprises, seen in this country, and satellite systems the commercial arm of the Corporation, are not designed for regional opt -outs. But has doubled its turnover to £200 million, it will remain very much part of the BBC's a year ahead of the business plan it was responsibilities to cater for the strong sense set. We are pursuing sponsorship deals of local community that has always existed for sporting and artistic events, such as in the United Kingdom. the recent tie -up between the Young This year has been one of intense Musician of the Year and Lloyds Bank. We activity, but our strategy for the future is have shown our readiness to deal with the simple: to improve our management per- new channels by selling programmes to formance, to maintain the vigour and BSB and by sharing rights with it and with distinction of our programmes, and to give Sky - the most recent collaboration between value for money. When the time comes to the BBC and BSB was over Wimbledon discuss renewal of the BBC Charter at the last month. `Radio Times' is selling space end of 1996 everyone in the BBC is deter- to BSB for its programme listings. mined to show that we remain the bench- The whole purpose of our redirection mark of British television and radio of money and of all our commercial activi- production against whom all others must ties is to continue to support programmes be judged. We will all work to ensure that of range and quality across the spectrum. British broadcasting, in all its aspects, is In the last two years we have extended our seen to benefit from a strong BBC at its arts coverage and strengthened and restruc- centre, clear in its purpose and with a level tured our journalism - two major elements of funding that guarantees a future for of public service broadcasting - and in the public service broadcasting. light of events in Eastern Europe and the Not long ago, one of our Governors, approach of the Single Market we intend the novelist, P.D. James, described the to do more. Now, however, we intend to BBC as an organisation of `independence, protect the popular base of BBC television integrity and excellence' and said that we by putting more money into comedy and must hand this on to our successors. That drama, where despite its calibre the number is what we intend to do. of productions is too low, and into sport, where major contracts must be retained. Radio 5, which joins the network family in August, and our regional broadcasting Michael Checkland activities need to be supported. Provision Director -General

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989190 5 3 Board of Governors' Review

The year which saw the admission of television particularly objectionable since the arrangement cameras to the House of Commons will would apply only to the BBC; compliance in the undoubtedly prove one of the most memorable in case of Channel 3 companies was to be monitored the history of broadcasting. Not only was the by the Independent Television Commission. Even public for the first time able to see its elected before the publication of the Bill the BBC had representatives at work, but much of the attention accepted, subject to an interim review of cost and of the legislators was focused on broadcasting itself quality, the Government's target for independent as they planned what is widely regarded as the most productions of 25% of qualifying output (which thorough overhaul of the industry since it began excludes daily news and news -related programmes) nearly 70 years ago. Conscious of the obligations and the phased process of achieving it is already attending its role as - in the words of the White well advanced. Progress is recorded in our Annual Paper which preceded the Broadcasting Bill - the Report and the Board accepts responsibility, as with `cornerstone of British broadcasting', the BBC any other undertaking, for ensuring that the BBC spent much time preparing to meet the challenges fulfils its commitment. The appointment of an awaiting it. external supervisor would not only intrude upon Though many of the detailed provisions in the the proper function of the Board but would suggest Broadcasting Bill did not relate directly to the BBC, a disturbing lack of trust in its willingness or the measure as a whole envisages such a radical competence to guarantee that the requirement is reform of the structure and character of the industry fulfilled. as to affect profoundly every part of it. So even Right: BBC White when we were not addressing its specific proposals City: the rotunda in it formed the background to many of our the inner courtyard discussions about broadcasting issues in general. of the building The Bill's reforming mission may be directed chiefly at the commercial sector, but the BBC does not remain complacent about its own future. It has recognised throughout that any changes in the general broadcasting environment are liable to have immediate consequences for the way the BBC performs its function. Thus the debate on the implications for programme quality of the system for awarding Channel 3 franchises has been of prime concern to the BBC, since any weakening of commitment to high standards in the commercial sector would make the BBC's adherence to them more difficult to maintain. While looking forward Apart from the Bill itself, our main enthusiastically to the new world of broadcasting, preoccupation over the year was how to ensure we would not wish to surrender the virtues and that, in an expanding industry, the BBC continued achievements of the old. to provide a comprehensive public service while As the year ended and the Bill completed its maintaining its ability to compete successfully and committee stage, we reviewed its progress with to provide good value for money. After the first some reassurance and some apprehension. Details year of a three -year period during which the licence of our response to those parts of the Bill of most fee was to be linked to the Retail Price Index we had direct concern to the BBC are given at the end of a good understanding of the constraints which this this review (see panel page 11). We should, perhaps, financial discipline placed on management. As we stress our anxiety over the provisions in the entered the second, the strain which it imposed on Bill, as it left the committee, concerning `listed the loyalty and forbearance of staff became events', the licensing of programme listings to apparent. The unions' annual pay claim proved to outside publishers and the removal of the obligation be well in excess of what the BBC could afford on cable operators to carry the terrestrial television without damage to its output, and failure to reach channels. We were also deeply worried by the agreement on the claim led to a series of one -day proposal that the BBC's compliance with the strikes during the spring and summer. Notwith- requirement to commission a quota of programmes standing the hard work and professionalism of the from independent producers should be monitored many managers and editors who kept services on by the Office of Fair Trading. We found this the air, this action disrupted the production process

6 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Board of Governors' Review continued

and put pressure on resources. More important, it application for planning permission was already upset staff relations for a time when a strong sense of before the Hammersmith and Fulham Borough common purpose was needed to face the challenges Council. In the light of `Funding the Future', ahead. however, we felt obliged to re- assess this strategy, The industrial action served, however, to and as a result it has been changed in one major demonstrate the urgent need for a review of the respect as well as modified in more detailed ways. BBC's pay structure. The unions' claim was The proposal to build a radio centre has been designed in part to diminish the gap that had been reconsidered. Network Radio will stay at its historic growing over the years between the remuneration base, Broadcasting House, whose facilities will be of many categories of staff in the BBC and that of upgraded to meet the technical demands of radio their counterparts in the commercial sector. Against broadcasting at the turn of the century, when this background, the Director -General set up a occupation of the White City centre would have committee under the Director of Finance, Ian been due to occur. In its place on the site we would Phillips, to recommend ways of saving money in like to see a purpose -built headquarters for the order to fund a more competitive pay strategy and World Service, currently housed in increasingly strengthen the BBC's programme output. The expensive rented accommodation in Bush House, report of the Phillips committee, called 'Funding its lease on which expires in 2005. This proposal the Future', was presented in January and was would require the approval of the Foreign and considered at a special joint session of the Board of Commonwealth Office, which finances the World Governors and Board of Management, at the end of Service through a grant -in -aid, and of the Treasury, which measures calculated to save £75 million a which funds the grant. We believe, however, that year by 1993 were approved. the logic of this proposal is compelling. Meanwhile, the consultants Peat Marwick With regard to the second phase, we carefully McLintock were engaged to study the existing pay reconsidered the proposal for a purpose -built centre system and put forward options for reforming it. for the News and Current Affairs directorate, which They reported their preliminary conclusions in was formed in 1987 in order to bring all the BBC's March and were then invited to prepare detailed network journalism on television and radio under a recommendations, which we expect to consider in single management. We concluded that since the the early autumn. We have already, however, estab- reason for this development was to give greater lished the guiding principle, which is that any new editorial coherence to the BBC's journalism, such pay structure should apply across the Corporation a building was necessary, both to bring together but that managers will have greater flexibility in staff currently based in several locations around operating within it. London and to take advantage of developments in The proposals in 'Funding the Future' ranged the technology of newsgathering. We nevertheless from greater devolution of support services to felt that there was scope for economies in the Chinese students in amalgamating the North West and North East original scheme and it has been modified Tiananmen Square regions, reducing the number of English regions to accordingly. thank the BBC four (see Regional Broadcasting page 40). Perhaps The decision to build a News and Current the most radical concerned the White City Affairs centre is a vote of confidence in the BBC's development. The three-phase plan for this site journalism, and this confidence was amply originally envisaged a general corporate building vindicated during the year. The BBC's coverage on as the first phase, a News and Current Affairs television and radio of the democracy movement headquarters as the second and a centre for and its suppression in China in the spring of 1989 Network Radio as the third. The first-phase building attested to the organisation's unique capacity for was nearing completion as the year under review integrated working. The high professionalism of the ended and occupation was due to begin in the reporting was underpinned by an operation summer. While Broadcasting House will remain the involving television, radio, the World Service and corporate headquarters, the new building will BBC Monitoring. Our coverage of the events in chiefly accommodate staff from central Eastern Europe at the end of the year was as solidly directorates, together with a number of programme based. departments. This will enable the BBC to surrender These events demonstrated, yet again, the high several expensive leases in central London. regard in which the BBC, in the form of the World Architects had been engaged in May to prepare Service, is held throughout the world. The great detailed plans for the second phase, together with reliance which the demonstrators in Tiananmen an outline plan for the rest of the site, and an Square placed on information from the BBC was

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989j90 7 3 Board of Governors' Review continued

noted by foreign reporters and given graphic expression in a banner that said, simply, in English: 'Thank you BBC'. The collapse of the authori- tarian regimes in Eastern Europe revealed the respect which their populations, too, hold for the BBC. This has since been translated into requests to the World Service to organise training courses for their own broadcasters to help them adapt to the demands of serving a democratic system. With Right: The World money supplied by the Government's `know how' Service publicity bus fund for Eastern Europe, the first of a series of six - in Turkey, one of the week courses for Polish broadcasters was held in countries visited in February and March, and arrangements for similar the campaign to courses for Hungarians were under consideration at increase audiences the end of the year under review. During his visit to Below: President Britain in March, President Havel of Czechoslovakia publicity bus. The great impact which the World Havel of personally asked the BBC for his country to be added Service continues to have in other parts of the world Czechoslovakia to the list. was illustrated by research showing a regular breakfasts at The momentous events of the year also proved audience in Nigeria of nearly 15 million (shared Bush House with the enduring worth of the BBC's monitoring service roughly equally by English and Hausa programmes) John Tusa, in Caversham, where a new listening room together and eight million in Bangladesh (mostly Bengali). Managing Director, with a computerised text-handling system was These represent about one -fifth and one -eighth of World Service opened in February by the Duke of Kent. The these countries' adult populations. Much of the World Service's energy during the year, however, was directed towards preparing for its discussions with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office on its needs during the next funding trien- nium, which begins in April 1991. In fact, the World Service decided to take the opportunity of looking even further ahead, offering in addition to a detailed submission covering the triennium itself a prospectus for the rest of the century. The adoption, for the first time, of a 10 -year time -scale for overseas broad- casting was not only based on a conviction that in a fast -changing world there will continue to be ears listening for the trusted sound of Britain's voice: it reflected a judgment that in an increasingly com- petitive and sophisticated international broadcasting environment it is prudent to plan long -term. The submission was supported by ample evidence of the World Service's efficient management of its service, which is an invaluable source of news to resources and of the remarkable value for money the BBC, as well as to government departments which it provides, particularly in comparison with and other customers, was so overwhelmed with its competitors. As the year ended, discussions on information from the Soviet Union and Eastern the World Service's proposals were in train with Europe during the year that the monitoring staff the FCO. has had to be expanded. Meanwhile, we remained hopeful that the World Coincidentally, the year saw the 50th anniversary Service's proposal for a television news service for of the Polish service, an event recalling that earlier overseas viewers would come to fruition in the near and less benign period of upheaval in Europe to future. This did not, however, form part of the which many of the BBC's foreign language triennium submission since the Government had broadcasts owe their origin. Similar anniversaries already made clear it would not provide any funding were celebrated by the Serbo -Croat and Portuguese for this project. We regret this decision, for it services, the latter providing the occasion for the ignores the rapidly growing importance of television inaugural outing of the World Service's new as a medium of information throughout the world.

8 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989:'90 Board of Governors' Review continued

We also feel it is short -sighted, since the modest been supported by a study of the experiment investment being requested of the FCO to reach conducted for the Hansard Society. If, as we hope, those countries which, precisely because their the House agrees that the cameras should stay, we governments either could not or would not pay would consider it an important part of our service for foreign programmes delivered by satellite, are to licence -payers to continue offering regular and most likely to benefit from a televised news service broadly -based coverage. based on the BBC's values of accuracy and truth- Every year in broadcasting sees new fulness. The World Service has accordingly been developments, but perhaps in no area has there assessing with the help of the merchant bank J. Henry been such a range of innovation during the year Schroder Wagg the feasibility of a service that would than in the BBC's regions. Two new local radio be commercially self- supporting. As the year under stations - Wiltshire Sound and CWR (Coventry & review ended, work on a business plan was well Warwickshire Radio ) - went on the air, the latter advanced. immediately joining in a project started a few months It was a year of notable anniversaries and earlier by neighbouring Radios WM and Leicester milestones in the Home Services as well. BBC2 to provide a special service of ethnic minority was 25 years old, as was the respected science programming in the evenings. One notable feature programme, Horizon, which began life with that of this project is that it makes use of material from channel. The Archers reached its 10,000th edition the Hindi, Urdu and Bengali output of the World Radio WM's Asian with no sign that its appeal to the imagination of Service, so bringing to communities of Asian origin team listeners was diminishing, while the Queen presented Network Radio with a special medal on behalf of the Royal Agricultural Society of England to mark the 60th anniversary the previous year of more down-to -earth programmes about rural life. The Week in Westminster completed 60 years of distinguished service both to the public and to Parliament. This last anniversary, however, was inevitably somewhat overshadowed by what was undoubtedly the main programming development of the year - the admission of cameras to the House of Commons. Though this is still an experiment and at the time of writing the House of Commons had yet to decide whether to make the arrangements permanent, we believe the results have amply justified the hopes of those who have long argued for the Commons to follow the example of the Lords in this respect. Similarly, fears that the presence of cameras would distort the proceedings and change the character of debate do not seem to have been borne out. In addition to using pictures from the House in news and current affairs programmes, the BBC made space for televised in Britain up -to -date news about the countries from coverage of the House in the morning on BBC2 and which they or their families have come, as well as during the afternoon on Tuesdays and Thursdays, world news in general. while a weekly round -up programme was provided Meanwhile, local radio began preparing for the in each of the national and English regions. We are increased competition it must soon expect from confident that showing the Commons at work - commercial and community stations. In January, not only in the Chamber but in the committee the Regional Broadcasting directorate issued a rooms, which have sometimes afforded a fascinating `Charter for the 90s', a blueprint for BBC insight into the functioning of British democracy - broadcasting at the local level up to the end of the has made the Parliamentary process much more century. The challenge to local stations is to accessible to the public and has strengthened the maintain the support of their communities by link between voters and their representatives. Since following the high road of public service rather the end of the year under review our assessment has than the low road of easy listening. In facing the

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 9 3 Board of Governors' Review continued

challenge, however, they can take heart from the achievements has concerned us for some time, as results of research in the summer showing that the the three annual See For Yourself exercises attest. average weekly reach of BBC local radio is 25 %, or There is still some way to go before we can feel a total of 10 million listeners. This reach is second satisfied, but there have been a number of only to that of Radio 1, the most popular radio encouraging initiatives during the year. One is service, which reaches 30% in the same areas. 'Radio Goes to Town', a mobile exhibition which The BBC's strong commitment to regional during the summer visited four towns for a week at broadcasting was illustrated by the opening in a time to show people what BBC radio is about. A January of a new Broadcasting House in Bristol. similar tour is taking place this year. Network The ceremony was performed by Christopher Radio, together with its Engineering colleagues, has Patten, Secretary of State for the Environment and also been busy raising public awareness of FM MP for Bath, who paid tribute to the BBC's role in broadcasting, against the time when the BBC will be

strengthening the sense of local community. During required to surrender its Radio 1 and Radio 3 the year, also, plans were announced for a separate medium -wave frequencies for re- allocation to the daily television news magazine for the East commercial networks envisaged in the Broadcasting Midlands. This service, which will start next Bill. Internally, the BBC engaged a consultant to January, will come from Nottingham, where a advise on more efficient ways of communicating newsroom linked by computer with local radio policy decisions and other developments to staff. stations in the area has been set up. One innovation that has been widely welcomed is Among the national regions we noted with the closed circuit showing of interviews with the pleasure the opening in Cardiff of Ty Oldfield, a Director-General on such developments. former college just across the road from BBC At the end of this historic and sometimes Wales's headquarters, whose acquisition and troubling year we are conscious that tough refurbishment have not only brought greater challenges await us. We recognise, too, that there coherence to the BBC's operations in that city but may occasionally be lapses from the high standards have been more than compensated for financially which we set ourselves and which the public is Children listen by the sale of a more distant site. The year also saw entitled to expect of us. Given the vast output of when 'Radio Goes the start of work on a major new project in Belfast - the BBC it would be surprising if this was not the to Town' the Blackstaff building on a site close to case. We remain confident, however, that the BBC will be equal to the demands it will face and that it will continue to fulfil with distinction its unique responsibility both to the British public and to its audience of many millions abroad. We are proud of the great range and high quality of the BBC's programmes, and we are, above all, appreciative of the talent and commitment of staff at all levels, without whose professionalism and dedication to the BBC's values we would have no achievements to report. Two Governors, Watson Peat, the National Governor for Scotland, and Lady Parkes, retired in July after five years' service, depriving the Board of their dedication and experience. Sir Graham Hills was welcomed as Scotland's National Governor. During the year, we mourned the death of Lord Hill of Luton, the BBC's Chairman from 1967 Broadcasting House. Such projects represent not to 1972, and of Sir John Boyd, who had retired expansion but well -planned and ultimately from the Board in 1987. cost -saving consolidation. Finally, we should mention the progress made during the year on improving the BBC's own communication, both with the public and with its own staff. The paradox that an organisation whose business is communication should have difficulty in effectively communicating its own aims and

10 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 90 Board of Governors' Review continued 3

Implications of the Broadcasting Bill As the Broadcasting Bill completed its committee considers that licence -payers are entitled to its stage in March, a number of clauses had important services in all circumstances and should not be implications for the BBC. deprived of them or have to make special technical The proposal that the Office of Fair Trading arrangements to receive them. should monitor the BBC's quota of commissions In September 1989, the Home Secretary to independent producers is perhaps the most announced his intention to remove the exclusive worrying, for the reasons given in the Governors' enjoyment of copyright in weekly programme review. It is of particular concern, however, that listings, which in the case of the BBC are published the Government intends to remove protection in Radio Times, and to require broadcasters from 10 'listed' sporting events to which the BBC to license their use to other publishers. This and Independent Television have hitherto been intention was duly reflected in the Bill and, in guaranteed access. Because of existing contracts, accordance with the Government's proposal, the this could not happen in the short term, but in BBC has taken steps to establish a bureau in the time these events could be purchased exclusively UK to supply TV and radio listings (see Enterprises by a cable or satellite channel and disappear from page 84). nationally available services. However, the BBC was disturbed by a measure

The BBC believes that everyone should be able in the Bill which proposed that, in the event of a to view these events - the Grand National, the dispute with a publisher over payment for the Derby, the FA Cup Final (and the SFA Cup Final in copyright, the latter should be allowed to set his Scotland), FIFA World Cup Finals, Wimbledon, own price, pending adecision by the Copyright Test Match cricket (involving England), the Tribunal. Such an arrangement would be open to Commonwealth Games (held in the UK), the abuse and, after consultation, the Government Olympic Games, and the Boat Race. It believes undertook to look again at the concerns of rights' that the Bill should be amended to ensure that the owners. events are sold in the first place to a national broad- In committee, the Home Office Minister caster such as the BBC or ITV and not exclusively responsible for broadcasting also agreed to to a satellite or cable operator whose programmes reconsider the extensive powers given by the Bill are received by a minority of people. The BBC to the police, with the extension of the Obscene wants to ensure that all viewers keep their Publications Act and the Public Order Act to cover grandstand seats at these national events without broadcasting. As originally drafted, the Bill the need to purchase extra equipment. This would empowered the police to see material which had not only preserve the licence -payers' position but been or might be transmitted, and to make copies. also give the sporting bodies a less restricted The BBC argued that such powers should be market in which to sell television rights. limited to material already broadcast and should

In a Gallup poll for the BBC, three -quarters of be exercised only after an order was granted by a those members of the public questioned said they magistrate or, in Scotland, a sheriff. would be concerned if even one of the events The BBC welcomed the wording in the Bill became unavailable on existing terrestrial about the force to be given to the Broadcasting channels, with concern being higher among those Standards Council's code of practice, since it felt with a particular interest in at least one event the original proposals threatened to erode the (82 %). Large numbers of those interviewed responsibility of the BBC Governors for estab- watched 'at least the highlights' of them all. lishing and maintaining editorial standards in BBC The Bill's intention to relax the `must carry' programmes. Nevertheless, the Governors still rule, under which cable broadcasters would no have misgivings about the possible confusion, both longer have to transmit BBC' and 2, ITV and to the public and to the BBC's own programme Channel 4, as they now must do in addition to staff, about where the ultimate authority for their other services, also caused concern. The BBC standards lies.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989'90 Il 4 News and Current Affairs

The extraordinary events in China and latterly in Eastern Europe led to a year of remarkable foreign coverage. From the bloody events in Tiananmen Square to the euphoria of the crowds in East Berlin, BBC News and Current Affairs kept the public informed. Earlier decisions to invest in stronger newsgathering facilities in Europe and the Far East and in a specialist Foreign Affairs Unit were fully justified. In China, News and Current Affairs worked in an integrated operation with BBC World Service and with foreign broadcasting partners, with staff Right: showing courage and resourcefulness and using Brian Hanrahan: everything from bicycles to satellites to get the news memorable reports out. Martial law effectively outlawed journalism, from the Berlin Wall making it an offence to interview any of the Below: Kate Adie: protesting students, but the television and radio professionalism and teams reported round the clock, regardless of their bravery in Peking own safety.

this time from the streets of Bucharest, with a Panorama which shed fresh light on the birth of the Romanian revolution; he later received the James Cameron award for his contribution to journalism. The battle-torn streets of Romania put reporters and crews in great personal danger. Radio reporters Diana Goodman and Jane Peel - who in October had found herself in the middle of the San Francisco earthquake - spent Christmas night on the floor of a telephone exchange in Timisoara, because of a gun battle outside. In neighbouring Arad, communications supervisor Chris Cobb set up a mobile satellite dish on a hotel roof while under fire, and Michael MacMillan and his crew were kept under siege by the Securitate in a Timisoara hospital. In Georgia, Charles Wheeler - who last year was the Royal Television Society's television journalist of the year - examined the attack by Soviet troops on a nationalist demonstration in Tbilisi, his Bloody Sunday report for Panorama winning the RTS The BBC's coverage of the Tiananmen massacre international current affairs award. won a series of major awards, and the The tempo of news events made it difficult for professionalism and bravery displayed by Kate Adie film -based current affairs always to react at the in Peking won her individual recognition (see speed desirable, and plans had to be laid for Awards page 88). Panorama to extend its ability to run live editions. The collapse of the Eastern Bloc prompted Viewers and listeners turned to the BBC for memorable reports from Graham Leach on radio as their news in increasing numbers. During 1989, the Berlin Wall was breached and from Brian television's One O'Clock News averaged a 4.65 Hanrahan, among the celebrating Berliners, on million audience, compared with ITV's 2.3, the television news. Foreign Affairs Editor John Six O'Clock News averaged 8.2 million against ITN's Simpson - who made contributions to television 5.40pm broadcast of 6.1, and the Nine O'Clock news from China and traced the development of News averaged 7.9 million against ITN's 6.9 for the `democracy' movement in an acclaimed News at Ten. More than 12 million viewers tuned Panorama -again displayed his journalistic pedigree, into the Nine O'Clock News on the night of Nigel

12 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 News and Current Affairs continued 4

Lawson's resignation as Chancellor. Earlier in the year, BBC2's Euro election Matters of pronunciation programme attracted a peak audience of 3.3 million. During the turmoil in Eastern Europe, reporters But despite the critical acclaim and its and newsreaders were having to cope with domination of audience figures, BBC News and unfamiliar names of places and people by the score Current Affairs found itself under attack in some - and the BBC Pronunciation Unit came into its quarters, after a national newspaper alleged that own. coverage of Nigel Lawson's resignation was biased Whether the news had broken in Poland, and had been given a gloss `calculated to damage Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Germany or the Prime Minister'. The Director of News and one of the states in the Soviet Republic, the unit, Current Affairs, Ian Hargreaves, responded with its network of excellent informants as well as vigorously, pointing to the experience of the its pronunciation index - some 200,000 items journalists in the BBC's political and economic gathered over nearly 50 years -was rapidly able to units. When Radio 4's Today programme was also make authoritative recommendations. accused of anti- Government bias in a survey Set up in 1940 as a `temporary' replacement for commissioned by the same newspaper and other the pre -war Advisory Committee on Spoken English, the unit originally consisted of two linguists and a clerk. It now has a staff of five, who Left: Today: a give advice on the pronunciation of any word or balancing act for name. The unit's recommendations are mandatory Peter Hobday, upon staff announcers and newsreaders, advisory Brian Redhead and to other category of broadcaster. the programme's

In 1989, the unit dealt with over 1 1,000 other presenters enquiries - over 90% of them concerning proper names. Each day it issues a list of topical names to all BBC newsrooms, with the pronunciations

indicated in a modified spelling. Names in sport also present commentators with an immense challenge. In January 1990, the voices joined in, Deputy Director -General John Birt unit prepared a 40 -page list covering nearly 900 replied, pointing out that in 14 hours of live competitors in the Commonwealth Games. Each broadcasting a week, compiled in the hurly -burly of season, it compiles lists of the names of all the developing news events, the programme could football clubs taking part in the various European hardly balance one point of view with another on a competitions, and of the competitors in the World daily basis, but that it did so over time. Later, he Skiing Championships and at Wimbledon. wrote that the BBC took criticism seriously - and Other areas of broadcasting which benefit from learned from it when it was well aimed. the unit's efforts are Radio 3, for which booklets In the meantime, News and Current Affairs was have been prepared on musicians' names and on strengthening its coverage with new programmes musical titles, and Parliamentary broadcasting, and relaunches. The harder -edged Breakfast News, which is provided with pronunciation lists of which replaced Breakfast Time, settled into its stride members of both Houses and the names of and then held its audience against new competition constituencies. from Channel 4 Daily. Its business programme provides business and economic news from home and abroad; and for those wanting to catch up with examine the new Europe, had an uncertain start the news between the headlines, Ceefax was before finding its feet. Another innovation, Special redesigned to provide a complementary service, Assignment, began to give BBC correspondents at offering more information at the bottom of the home and abroad the chance to tackle the main screen and fuller details (see panel page 17). Public story of the week in the form of a 30- minute Eye - the third of the TV programmes developed to documentary. complement the specialist units - was launched, Radio current affairs had a year of wide- ranging presented by Peter Taylor, to cover a wide range of authority. The roots of China's political troubles social issues: football hooliganism, child care, abuse were exposed in Elizabeth Wright's six -part series, of the elderly, the poll tax. The Chinese People Stand Up - heard on the World On Radio 4, Europhile, which was created to Service as well as on Radio 4 - and Gordon Clough

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 l3 4 News and Current Affairs continued

History in the making: David Dimbleby at Westminster

Televising the House of Commons History was made when, after years of lobbying, to production teams in regional centres, serving the cameras were allowed into the House of 12 regional news magazines each evening. Commons, for the opening of the 1989 -90 There was much discussion of the 'rules of Parliamentary year. coverage' laid down by the House of Commons The BBC played a crucial role in setting up the when it voted to conduct the television remote control camera system - which is operated experiment. These rules were strongly criticised by an independent company - at the wish of the by the BBC for the restrictions they imposed on House. Installing the BBC's production facilities to the availability of reaction shots and other material handle Commons TV resulted in a frantic summer. needed to give a full impression of the workings of Temporary production offices and technical the House. After several weeks of coverage, the facilities were constructed at Central Hall, Commons committee overseeing the experiment Westminster, and in the College Mews studio agreed to relax the rules, thereby eliminating alongside Westminster Abbey. To drive the main most, though not all, of the problems. studio, a news outside broadcast unit was parked This relaxation indicated agrowing confidence in the Dean of Westminster's garden. among MPs that the experiment was proving

Like other broadcasters, the BBC receives a successful. Research conducted by a number of feed of pictures from the Chamber and edits the bodies also tended to confirm that Commons TV material for use. During the experimental first was awelcome innovation. year, a wide variety of special programmes was The House is expected to vote in July whether offered. Each weekday morning on BBC2, it wishes to make permanent the televising of its Westminster brought highlights of the previous proceedings. Meanwhile, the BBC is preparing to day's business and on Sundays, Westminster Week consolidate its now very considerable looked back over the business of the Lords and the Westminster operation in new, leased premises at Commons, including work in select and standing 4, Millbank, adjacent to the House. committees.

There was also a substantial amount of live Broadcasting by the political parties broadcasting, mainly on Tuesdays and Thursdays, Under the agreement between the broadcasting

featuring Prime Minister's Question Time and a authorities (BBC, IBA, S4C) and the political

wide spectrum of committees which attracted a parties, broadcasting time was again made healthy audience and much comment. available to allow nominated spokesmen to put All five English regions began their own 25- their point of view in party political terms. minute programme featuring local issues and MPs, In 1988, the Committee on Party Political and the national regions increased their Broadcasting agreed, without a meeting, that the Parliamentary coverage. From Central Hall, the allocation of party political broadcasts on special Regional Political Unit not only provided television for 1989 should be five each for the considerable amounts of material for new Conservative and Labour Parties, three for the programmes, but delivered up to 20 reports aday Social and Liberal Democrats, and one for the SDP.

14 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 News and Current Affairs continued 4

asked searching and timely questions about the

In the 15 months to 31 March 1990, the number Soviet Union in The Indissoluble Union. of party political broadcasts was as follows: On the domestic front, Nicholas Jones, the BBC's Labour Correspondent during Mrs United Kingdom Thatcher's early years, devoted a three -part (a) 1989(1.1.89- 31.12.89) documentary to The Thatcher Decade. File on 4 Television Radio probed Green politics, the state of the Labour Party 10 mins 5 mins R4 R2 and the changing face of Eastern Europe and Central Conservative 5 2 I America. Analysis was ahead of the news agenda

Labour 1 6 5 2 with its thinking on national sovereignty, and Open Social & Liberal Mind went to Rome and Istanbul to view the Democrats 4 3 I prospects for Christendom and Islam. I I SDP 1 - of the Radio 4 Debate (b) 1990 (1.1.90- 31.3.90) One memorable edition came from an open prison. Conservative 1 Radio's daily programmes continued to get the Labour 2 1 as SLD news first. James Naughtie consolidated his role World One; The World SDP presenter of The at and Tonight went on air earlier, as did The Financial Scotland and Wales World Tonight, which also broached a wider, less (a) 1989 (1.1.89-31.12.89) City -based agenda, re- inforcing the BBC's strong Television Radio commitment to covering business and the economy. Peter Sissons in the 10 mins 5 mins In television, both Newsnight and Question Time Question Time Plaid Cymru celebrated their 10th anniversaries and gained new chair

(Wales only) - 2 1

SNP (Scotland only) - 2 1 (b) 1990(1.1.90 -31.3.90) Plaid Cymru SNP

The Committee on Party Political Broadcasting decided that any party contesting 10 or more seats at the European elections in 1989 would be entitled to afive- minute television broadcast. The Conservatives, Labour, Social and Liberal Democrats, SDP, the Green Party, Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party all qualified for this extra broadcast.

Ministerial broadcasts In the year under review, there were no ministerial broadcasts under the terms of the Aide presenters, Jeremy Paxman joining Newsnight and Memoire of 1969. Peter Sissons arriving from Channel 4, not only to anchor the Six O'Clock News, but to take over as Budget broadcasts chairman of Question Time from Sir Robin Day (see In 1990, the sequence of Budget broadcasts were: panel page 17). Peter Jay became the new editor of Tuesday 20 March, the Rt Hon John Major MP the Business and Economics Unit, making an (Chancellor of the Exchequer) on his Budget immediate impact with coverage of John Major's (BBCI and 2, Radio 4); Wednesday 21 March, the first Budget. Newsnight, Panorama and the Nine Rt Hon John Smith MP (for the Opposition) in O'Clock News all came under new editorship. reply (BBCI and 2, Radio 4); Thursday 22 March, It was an historic year for Parliamentary coverage Alan Beith MP (for the Social and Liberal (see panel), with the experimental televising of the Democrats) in reply (BBCI and 2, Radio 4). Commons beginning as Radio 4's Week in Westminster celebrated its 60th anniversary. For the first time, the News Events Unit covered the Party conferences exclusively: ITN, TV -am and Sky News

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 15 4 News and Current Affairs continued

the `Funding the Future' inquiry concluded that the present programme development plan would be completed. The specialist units in radio were strengthened with three new chief correspondents (Niall Dickson, Health and Social Services Correspondent, leads radio's Social Affairs Unit; Diplomatic Breakfast News Correspondent Paul Reynolds leads the Foreign (with Nicholas Affairs Unit; and Economics Editor Dominick Witchell) settles into Harrod leads the radio end of the Economic and its stride Business Affairs Unit); a new accounting system was introduced to make more efficient use of all bought their core coverage of the conference resources; performance indicators were developed proceedings from the BBC. to help monitor financial performance; a While journalistic and technological activity far -reaching review of sound quality on radio news continued at a frantic pace, News and Current was started; and new ideas on automating aspects of Affairs was still being re- structured and in January, the TV news production system were explored. A

Northern Ireland restrictions The Home Secretary's restrictions on broadcast programmes about their campaign for the Euro interviews involving certain political organisations elections, but not about their local election in Northern Ireland have now been in force since failures. October 1988. The restrictions also mean that the voices of The BBC clearly recognises that the aim of the those who support the named organisations, of measures is to help defeat terrorism and it is aware which Sinn Fein is the most prominent, cannot be of the popular support they carry. But by being broadcast, although what they say can be reported applied so closely to the form and content of indirectly, subtitled or read by an actor. Their programmes, they alter the established voices can be heard only during election campaigns relationship between the Government and the and in other circumstances permitted under the news -gathering broadcasters and their audiences. regulations. A known supporter of a named The BBC believes that, within the broad and organisation, for instance, may be in the news as formal requirements which have traditionally an eyewitness to a crime or an accident - in which underpinned public service broadcasting, it should case the restrictions are judged not to apply. be free to determine its own programme policies By restricting broadcasters in their direct - and, indeed, the BBC operates strict rules dealings with elected representatives of the public, regarding the circumstances under which particularly MPs and local government councillors, terrorists should be given access to airtime. certain stories of great importance to local At the time the regulations were introduced, communities involving, for example, Sinn Fein the BBC warned that they would result in local councillors - of whom there are43 in incomplete and to some extent misleading Northern Ireland - become difficult to cover in a coverage of the Province. The local elections, balanced way (Radio Foyle, the BBC's local radio which were quickly followed by the European station in Londonderry, where Sinn Fein has five elections, threw the broadcasters' problems into seats on Derry Council, is the most affected). stark relief. The ban also requires broadcasters to filter the In the contest for local councils, candidates of historical record. An acclaimed BBC series on the one party could be heard on radio and television history of the Province made for schools' after entering nomination papers, but a few days broadcasting, has had to be altered for later they could not, because they were re- screening. Programmes made this year to mark disqualified from standing when they refused to the 20th anniversary of the troubles were unable renounce violence. Candidates of another party to rebroadcast footage to illustrate important who were heard during the campaign, became historical landmarks. restricted again once they had won. It was possible, The BBC continues to press for the restrictions after the local elections, to let Sinn Fein speak in to be lifted.

16 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989,90 News and Current Affairs continued 4

major review of career development was also undertaken. After a year of acknowledged success which put an enormous strain on many members of staff, News and Current Affairs is still striving towards one objective: to deliver to viewers and listeners the finest service of broadcast journalism they could wish for.

Ceefax increases news content A faster and more accessible Ceefax teletext service offering expanded news and information on BBC! and 2was launched in November 1989.

News now offers a special early morning

complement to BBC I 's Breakfast News, while later in the day special sections for politics, Parliament and world affairs are added to the extensive Ceefax general news menu. The improved news service, made possible by changes in transmission technology, includes a more logical paging structure, enhanced sports coverage, a more comprehensive Sharecheck Sir Robin bows out update from the Stock Exchange computer, and Sir Robin Day, for 30 years one of the country's improved weather, travel, and television and radio outstanding political broadcasters, bowed out of programme details. It also creates afirst with his last Question Time on 22 June 1989. His Screenflash on Ceefax page 650, which tells viewers departure marked the end not only of his decade what is coming up on both BBC channels. with the programme, but also of a 30 -year BBC The redesigned service sacrificed a number of career at the forefront of current affairs existing features to increase news and information broadcasting. content - something to which some users Joining the BBC from ITN, Sir Robin appeared objected. in 24 Hours, Tonight, and Panorama, where he There are now seven million teletext sets in earned his reputation as the man who redefined the UK, with up to 20 million potential users every the terms of the British political interview, day. Audience research shows that 75% of people providing many memorable encounters. who own teletext sets tune into Ceefax on BBC! Equally at home on radio, Sir Robin presented each week. It's Your Line on Radio 4 in the Seventies and The World at One from 1979 -88. But it was as the founding chairman of the new weekly Question Time, bringing politicians face to face with the Dews public, that he became identified as the primefocus for topical debate. aati 101 Headline 100 News PIN 102 Newswatc' 200 City (B6C2) 150 News4las!. 300 ;port 160 Politics 400 Special 91 170 Parliament 500 Travel (66C1) MI 160 World News 600 TV and Radio

BBC Annual Report and Accounts I989;'90 17 Network Television

Although political and economic issues were of Second World War and the French Revolution (see fundamental importance during the year, they did panel page 24) but of the birth of BBC2 25 years ago not deflect Network Television from its main and an acknowledgement that, after 20 years, Monty function, the provision of wide -ranging quality Python has become an institution. programmes for a national audience. Separately from the 'Funding the Future' review, Comedy and drama were particularly strong, Network Television set up its own inquiries into all with some very healthy ratings. In comedy, Bread aspects of programme- making, with action averaged 14 million viewers, the Blackadder series committees investigating how operational 11.5 million and In Sickness and in Health 11.4 improvements could be made while maintaining the Mother Love: million; in drama, Casualty averaged 11.7 million, range and quality of output. Independent Diana Rigg's Mother Love 8.6 million and The Paradise Club 7.7 consultants served on some committees and their portrayal scooped million. And the documentary series Around the expertise made an important contribution. several best actress World in 80 Days held an average audience of 10.1 Aware that its relationship with licence -payers awards million each episode. does not end with the final programme credit, Network Television instructed one committee to investigate its dealings with the public. Throughout the year the Television Service receives vast numbers of letters and phone calls, welcomes thousands of people as members of studio audiences, and provides helplines and fact sheets. These direct links with the public are to be strengthened significantly. As part of the BBC's equal opportunities policy, Network Television began several initiatives to increase on screen and in the workforce the representation of minority ethnic groups, women, and people with disabilities. Progress will be vigorously scrutinised.

Drama It was a year in which outstanding single dramas and compelling serials followed each other in quick succession. Under the new title Screen One, there was The Accountant, with the hugely versatile Alfred Molina as a small -time Jewish accountant whose big heart got him into terminal difficulty with the Mafia; One Way Out, a tale of obsession and deceit which worked on many levels and pitted Bob Peck and Denis Lawson against each other; and She's Been On Christmas Day - when for the first time the Away, which reunited writer Stephen Poliakoff and Queen's message was recorded on video and Dame Peggy Ashcroft, marked Sir Peter Hall's broadcast around the world by satellite - BBCtv's return to film directing, and won for its star and co- share was 59% compared with 41% for ITV and star Geraldine James the joint award as best actress Channel 4. Nearly 22 million people watched at the prestigious Venice Film Festival. Crocodile Dundee and over 21 million the Only Fools And there was First and Last, Michael Frayn's and Horses special. tale of a man who on his retirement tramps from Programmes attracted critical acclaim at home Land's End to John o'Groats, which brought from and abroad during the year (see Awards page 88) Joss Ackland a luminous performance in a part with more than 200 awards, including 14 winners in which Ray McAnally was filming at the time of his 19 categories at BAFTA. In addition, Paul Fox, death. Managing Director of Network Television, was There were other strong offerings in the autumn presented with a Founders' Award by the Emmy season, including the black comedy Blore, starring organisation for his contribution to television Timothy West as a perverted MP; Don Shaw's world -wide. dramatic picture of the wartime air commander It was a year for anniversaries - not only of the Bomber Harris; and, at Christmas, the atmospheric

18 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Network Television continued

comedy Ball -Trap on the Côte Sauvage, written by productions, but they were treated with discretion Above left: She's Andrew Davies. and judgment of context. The integrity of Dennis Been Away: Dame Screen Two followed in the winter with a dozen Potter's Blackeyes was unquestionable, but this Peggy Ashcroft (here original and ambitious films including Old Flames, study of the exploitation of a woman by the men with James Fox) a bizarrely funny contribution from Simon Gray, she meets was more explicit and aroused strong won the Venice Film starring Simon Callow and Stephen Fry, Drowning criticism. Artistically, the four -part series, which Festival best actress in the Shallow End (with Paul McGann), and Circles also marked Potter's directing debut, was generally award jointly with of Deceit (with Edward Fox). Some of the considered to be disappointing by the standards of co -star Geraldine contributions made demands upon the audience, one of the most original talents in television drama. James but all carried the torch for the single drama. Other offerings included Malcolm McKay's Above: Making The year featured a strong and varied collection trilogy A Wanted Man, which offered a dark study Out: sharp factory of serials with John Mortimer's Summer's Lease - of the psychopathic mind; David Pirie's adaptation comedy in a second shot in the beautiful hills of Tuscany - providing of John Mair's Thirties thriller Never Come Back; series the vehicle for a larger- than -life performance from The Justice Game; and Debbie Horsfield's sharp Sir John Gielgud; and Mother Love, giving Diana Rigg factory comedy Making Out, which returned for a the chance to create a character of such monstrous second series. attraction that it won her BAFTA's best actress Bergerac, All Creatures Great and Small, Howards' Bergerac: John award. Way - which suffered the sudden death of actor Nettles' Jersey Love was at the heart of a number of the works. Maurice Colbourne - and EastEnders remained detective still hugely Shalom Salaam handled the complex relationship hugely popular; Casualty increased its strength with popular between a Jewish boy and a Muslim girl in multi- tough stories and even bigger audiences, (and racial Leicester; Take Me Home explored the Brenda Fricker, one of the stars of the series, won doomed relationship between an older man and a an Oscar for best supporting actress in the cinema young married woman, with Keith Barron giving a film `My Left Foot'). poignant performance; Nice Work, adapted by It was a year of firsts for Television Drama. The David Lodge from his own novel, threw together a four -part The Ginger Tree was the BBC's first co- woman lecturer and an unhappy industrialist and production with NI-1K of Japan - and the first BBC drew assured performances both from newcomer drama shot in High Definition Television (see Haydn Gwynne and Warren Clarke. Andrea Engineering panel page 82). The first drama Newman's A Sense of Guilt, with Trevor Eve and commissions from the independent sector - the 10- another newcomer, Rudi Davies, provided some of part The Paradise Club with Leslie Grantham and the year's most sustained compulsive viewing. Don Henderson from Zenith, the eight-part Perhaps the most successful offering of the year Waterfront Beat from Mersey Television - came to with both critics and public was Jeanette the screen. And She's Been Away, released for Winterson's bitter -sweet and witty Oranges Are Not cinema viewing before television transmission, was the Only Fruit, the story of a young girl's sexual the first BBC film, and the only British entry, at the attraction to her best friend, set against a Venice Film Festival. In what is a new venture for background of evangelical intolerance. the BBC, three other films also opened theatrically. There were frank scenes in a number of these The year was marked by a wide range of work

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 l9 5 Network Television continued

from new writers: Michael Eaton (Fellow Traveller), `whingeing Porn', though he had returned home in Leigh Jackson (Drowning in the Shallow End) and time for the Christmas special. But there was Jeanette Winterson who with two other young another senior citizen on screen, the eccentric women new to television, producer Phillippa Giles Victor Meldrew, in David Renwick's One Foot in and director Beeban Kidron, were responsible for the Grave, and Richard Wilson made a big impact Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. in the part. The goings -on above and below stairs in You Light Entertainment Rang, M 'Lord ?, the new comedy from Jimmy Perry The Comedy Department built on its past successes and David Croft, set in a 1920s London residence and created some new hits in a year in which, on and blending the talents of Paul Shane, Jeffrey Christmas Day, Only Fools and Horses commanded Holland and Su Pollard from Hi- De-Hi! with those an audience.in excess of 21 million. With episodes of Donald Hewlett and Michael Knowles (It Ain't extended to 50 minutes the series was widely Half Hot, Mum) and Bill Pertwee (Dad's Army), regarded as the best ever, with an Appreciation proved instantly popular. Index of 88 and a top viewing figure of 18.9 There were farewells: to Three Up, Two Down, million. to Ever Decreasing Circles, to Sorry! and to Life Bread returned to the screen with two Without George. But 'Allo, 'Allo! and Don't Wait Up newcomers and a prodigal's return: Graham Bickley continued; in the spring of 1990, Joint Account, with and Melanie Hill took over as Joey and Aveline Hannah Gordon and Peter Egan, ran to a second and Victor McGuire as Jack rejoined the rest of the series of 10 episodes; and May to December, Boswell family round the kitchen table. Following produced by the independent Cinema Verity, these changes, ratings initially fell but audiences brought back the ill- assorted lovers played by soon returned, though not to the peaks of previous Anton Rodgers and Eve Matheson for successful years, and the Christmas special attracted 16.5 second and third series. million viewers. Another independent offering, Birds of a Feather, From left to right: Edmund Blackadder made a long- awaited return attracted big audiences and a certain amount of Blackadder Goes - this time emerging in a First World War dug -out controversy because of its frank and earthy Forth: a fourth step - in the fourth Richard Curtis and Ben Elton series, dialogue. Written by Laurence Marks and Maurice back into history for and Victoria Wood, switching from BBC2 to BBC1, Gran and teaming Pauline Quirke and Linda Rowan Atkinson also switched into situation comedy, writing and Robson as sisters Sharon and Tracy, the series, French and starring in six self-contained plays. from Alomo Productions, was such a hit that a Saunders: welcome The senior citizens of Last of the Summer Wine Christmas special was commissioned. return continued their adventures (there was a second Mel Smith and Griff Rhys Jones were back 'Allo, 'Allo! and series of First of the Summer Wine, too, chronicling together again, but dropping the Alas, switching Gorden Kaye: the more of their formative years) and In Sickness and in from BBC2 to BBC1, and going independent. Their public's cup of tea Health took Alf Garnett Down Under to become a own production company, Talkback, produced the

20 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989!90 Network Television continued 5

before the opening programme of the series to tell Left: Russ Abbot: a viewers that some of Dave Allen's material might firm favourite cause offence. Ben Elton attracted some criticism, though the majority of the audience was most complimentary about his unique style. Both achieved high ratings, with the Dave Allen series reaching audiences of up to 10 million. BBC2's roster of stars also continued to attract audiences, as well as critical acclaim. French and Saunders made a welcome return; Alexei Sayle reached a wider appreciation and collected an International Emmy; and Fry and Laurie, and Rory Bremner, maintained their levels of polish and intelligence. Light Entertainment Group again took the majority of the nominations at BAFTA in 1990.

Sport and Events The sporting year was blighted by Hillsborough and the death of 95 fans crushed in the stadium. BBC Sport had gone to cover a Match of the Day, the FA Cup semi -final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, and instead found its cameras trained on a harrowing news story which was being series and also four 15- minute comic plays, Small seen live by 16 nations in Europe, Africa and Asia. Doses, in which they starred on BBC2. But BBC viewers had the chance to witness In a major coup for BBC Comedy, the Comic triumphant sporting moments during the year. In Strip arrived on Two, with five black satires (one a April, Nick Faldo kept Britain's grip on the United two -parter), a style which had evolved considerably States Masters Golf Tournament, winning the from their early days. Also on Two, Comic Asides championship and taking the coveted green jacket introduced six new comedies of which three have from Sandy Lyle, the 1988 winner. He then played been taken up as series; the first of these, Mornin' a part in the European team's retention of the Ryder Sarge, written by its stars Tony Haase, Peter Cup at the Belfry in September, watched on the McCarthy and Rebecca Stevens, was seen in the final, dramatic Sunday by the largest golf audience autumn, with a second series planned. Tygo Road, ever recorded in this country - seven million. independently produced by Pola Jones Films, and Nick Faldo was voted sports personality of the KYTV - which uses the talents of Radio 4's Radio year in BBCtv's Sports Review of the Year. Across the Active team - came to the screen after the end of the Atlantic, Harry Carpenter, the BBC's boxing year under review. correspondent since 1962, who has covered every Jonathan Powell, Controller of BBC1, and Olympic Games since 1960, linked every major golf comedian Lenny Henry, in October launched a tournament since 1965 and every Wimbledon since project to attract new comedy writing talent, with 1967, was named international sportscaster of the the intention of reflecting more fully Britain's multi- year by the American Sportscasters Association. It cultural society. was only the second time the award had been made. In Variety, Russ Abbot, Paul Daniels, Bob In January, as a new decade of sport began, Monkhouse, Les Dawson and Michael Barrymore Television Sport provided the most comprehensive remained firm favourites on BBC 1; Noel Edmonds coverage of a Commonwealth Games on foreign and Jimmy Savile continued to deliver satisfying soil, with live broadcasts from Auckland throughout audiences; and Little and Large had a popular run. the night. Altogether, and at a cost of 2.2 million, Innovative comedy and new young talent were viewers were treated to 128 hours' viewing -a huge featured in Something for the Weekend. commitment to sport. There were periods of controversy during the Between the Masters Golf and the year, most seriously over Dave Allen's language Commonwealth Games, the BBC carried on that and subject matter. The BBC apologised and commitment with coverage of the FA Cup Final, admitted that a warning should have been broadcast Royal Ascot, Wimbledon, the Open Golf, the

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 21 5 Network Television continued

Ruins, a moving account of the survivors of the Armenian earthquake and their troubled outlook on the future. Archive footage was put to new and clever use in News '39, with Sue Lawley reading the news which, 50 years ago, led up to the declaration of the Second World War. The events of that time were analysed in eight programmes by Charles Wheeler, who showed how each country took The Road to Right: Boris Becker War. And in The Fatal Attraction of Adolf Hitler, - winner of the Christopher Andrew told a cautionary tale about Wimbledon men's a nation surrendering its will to a charismatic singles leader. Below: Inside Story: In a look back to more recent events, Clive behind the scenes at James, whose sense of humour regularly enlivened a Russian beauty Saturday nights with observations on what other competition countries' television reveals about them, turned his attention to the Eighties - an entertaining way of British Grand Prix, and the rest of the sporting seeing out the last two hours of the decade. On calendar. After 30 years of covering rugby union, Sunday nights in The Talk Show, he also provided a the BBC was outbid for the 1991 World Cup by forum for some thought -provoking debate. commercial television, but it renewed a number of Other studio -based shows such as Film '89 (and important sporting contracts - the Open Golf, Test '90), Holida '89 (and '90), and Crimewatch UK Cricket, the London Marathon and the Boat Race among them - ensuring that the BBC remains the biggest patron of sport in Britain. In 1989, the Events Department covered such annual ceremonies as Trooping the Colour, the Cenotaph Service and the Festival of Remembrance. Sadly, there were disasters to be reflected, notably the memorial service in Liverpool Cathedral in April for those who died at Hillsborough, and in the autumn the Royal Marines memorial service in Canterbury Cathedral for those bandsmen killed in the Deal bombing. In October there was the moving memorial service from Westminster Abbey for Lord Olivier.

Documentary Features This was a fertile and productive year. Michael Palin emulated the adventures of Phileas Fogg by going Around the World in 80 Days and, as he traversed oceans, continents and mutual misunder- standing, an increasing audience (reaching nearly 13 million) travelled with him. Many went on to buy the book, keeping it top of the best -seller list for 13 weeks and the series was nominated for seven BAFTAs, and won the RTS documentary series continued their long- standing popularity. award. In August, Crimewatch File: Operation Osprey, The single documentary was given a substantial which concerned itself with the police search for boost by two series of Inside Story, with insights into rapist Andrew Longmire who conducted a seven - subjects as diverse as Who Killed Martin Luther year terror campaign in the north-west, was watched King ?, the Miss USSR beauty competition, and the by 14 million people. The Vet, an account of George policing of London Underground. On BBC2, 40 Rafferty's hectic life in a country practice, regularly Minutes, in its ninth season, included Out of the drew audiences of over seven million. The early

22 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989; 90 Network Television continued 5

Around the World in 80 Days: Michael Palm - popular with viewers ... and readers evening l'eople series was a showcase for Frank took a detailed look at how, when and why human Bruno's warm and friendly personality. embryo research is carried out; and investigated A highlight of the summer was Families at War, how genetic manipulation is changing our three perceptive and honest programmes in which agricultural crops and the food we eat. reporter Peter Taylor probed deeply into the lives Tomorrow's World, still one of the world's most of those caught up in 20 years of conflict in popular science programmes, also reached its 25th Northern Ireland. The Province was also one of the anniversary and developed new strands within it. subjects of David Jessel's investigative Taking These include 2020, which looks at what science Liberties. This series continued to shed new light on and technology promises for the next generation; cases of injustice on behalf of ordinary men and and Venture, which examines the problems of women and included a powerful film on the plight turning an inventive idea into a strong business of Kurds seeking political asylum in Britain. proposition. Among an increasing number of independent This theme was developed in a new series which commissions was The Lane, about the life and began in the spring: The Troubleshooter, with Sir cultural diversity around Brick Lane in London's John Harvey Jones, the former head of ICI. He East End, 911 5, about work and the workplace, appraised six established companies at key points and the ever -popular Food and Drink. in their development and his often radical and contentious recommendations could have a Science and Features far -reaching effect on how British industry should In May 1989, BBC2's longest -running series, be run. Horizon, celebrated its 25th birthday and its The popular Bodymatters went on the road to anniversary programme reported on some of the centres of excellence, such as Stoke Mandeville key and controversial science issues it has covered Hospital, to show how medical and technical in that time. advances are being applied. The programme looked both backwards and Antenna, the monthly science series, was the first forwards, with excerpts from past reports on to report on BSE or `mad cow disease'; it also advances in medicine, the problems of environ- investigated genetic fingerprinting techniques, the mental pollution, the enormous impact of the extent of the use of toxic chemicals in the UK and, silicon chip and computers, and the potential - more esoterically, the possible existence of a form and the problems - of genetic manipulation serving of anti -gravity. as reminders of the radical changes to come in the new decade. Horizon returned in 1990 with a report on what we should expect of medicine in the year 2000;

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 23 5 Network Television continued

Anniversaries of war and revolution In a wide -ranging season across television and Out, with the veteran war correspondent and radio, the BBC marked the 50th anniversary of the former Managing Director of BBC Radio, Frank start of the Second World War. It will be a time of Gillard; Charlie Chester paid tribute to the songs sadness for many,' said Television Managing of wartime Britain; and Forces Sweetheart Dame

Director Paul Fox. For some it will bring a Vera Lynn appeared on Desert Island Discs. nostalgic smile, a memory of a small but personal There was also an evocation of wartime drama, part in history. For those born after the event, it Fifty Years On..., with Emlyn Williams' The Corn Is will be a time to learn what happened, and why.' Green, Dodie Smith's Dear Octopus- plays that A week of 15- minute newscasts, created from were running in the West End before the blackout archive film footage and radio bulletins from the dimmed the lights - William Fox's Willoughby's days leading up to the declaration of war on Phoney War, and Noel Coward's This Happy Breed.

3 September 1939, were shown on BBC I after And in a moving Morning Service, congregations the Nine O'Clock News, with Sue Lawley briefly in Coventry and Dresden, both destroyed in the resuming her role as newsreader. conflict, linked up to remember and celebrate News 39 was only one element in the season. their cathedrals rising from the devastated Other TV highlights included The Road to War, an remains of their cities. eight -part series written and produced by BBC In July, television and radio had already marked correspondent Charles Wheeler, which used new an historic landmark, the bicentenary of the historical research to challenge established beliefs French Revolution. As well as providing live as to why the world was swept into hostilities; a coverage of the parade through the streets of Paris, moving Everyman documentary on children BBC2 devoted four films to the events of 1789 -98, evacuated to safety in the Dominions and the USA bringing them alive by telling the story in the - narrated by Claire Bloom, herself evacuated to context of France today; and accompanied its America in 1941; and the drama Bomber Harris, the coverage with four dramatic monologues based on story of Air Marshal Sir Arthur Harris (powerfully letters, diaries and eye -witness accounts of the portrayed by John Thaw) who adopted the contro- time. Radio 3's Revolutionary drama included versial policy of saturation bombing of German Anouilh's Poor Bitos, Beaumarchais' Marriage cities in the belief that it would shorten the war. of Figaro, and Peter Weiss' The Marat /Sade; and The role played by the British cinema during Radio 4's serialisation of A Tale of Two Cities the war years was examined in Filming for Victory - marked the radio debut of Charles Dance. British Cinema 1939 -45, backing a Britain at War There was much else in drama, documentary,

season of film classics and, on a lighter note, a discussion, music and comedy and a number of series of Dad's Army was repeated. programmes crossed the Channel, including John Radio's contribution included an anthology of Dunn's (Radio 2), Question Time and Breakfast Time memories and broadcasts in The Day War Broke (BBC I) and Newsnight (BBC2).

Right: News 39: Sue Lawley turns back the clock Far right: Bomber Harris: powerful performance by John Thaw (here with Robert Hardy) as the controversial wartime figure

24 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Network Television continued

On BBC1, QED continued its popular run and its film The House that Bob Built got one of the largest postbags ever received by the BBC - over 50,000 letters. Another segment, Keyhole Surgery, which looked at time- and money- saving advances in operating techniques, won several awards. The department increased its independent output and in 1990 will commission a quarter of both Horizon and QED from outside the BBC, as well as a number of films for Antenna, and the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures.

Investigative and consumer programmes Far left: QED: The produced many significant reports and made House that Bob important contributions to the public interest Built - over during the year. Two programmes, however, one 50,000 letters involving a successful libel action against That's Above left: Life!, the other an on -air apology by Watchdog, Primetime: David illustrated the difficulties of these areas of Jacobs and team broadcasting and the need for the utmost rigour in target the older Topical Features dealing with contentious topics. viewer Network Television's newest department comple- Both series remained highly popular, the hard- Above: That's Life!: ted its first full year in 1989 -90 with a number of hitting Watchdog consolidating its viewing figures 16th consecutive important innovations behind it. and That's Life!, which completed its 16th season Family Matters, presided over by John consecutive season, attracting audiences of up to 12 Humphrys, tackled on film and in studio discussion million. It was a busy year for Esther Rantzen whose the problems facing families in the 1990s - trans- Hearts of Gold -which concentrates on the country's racial adoption, the ethics of keeping secret the unsung heroes and heroines - ran for a second identity of HIV positive children, the abduction of popular series. a child by one parent; and Primetime, with David The BBC's Community Programme Unit, which Jacobs, targeted the older viewer with the intention is part of Topical Features, continued its tradition of showing that life's possibilities do not have to of programmes made under the editorial control of end with the passing years. It quickly found an members of the public. appreciative audience. Its flagship, Open Space, covered topics ranging And there was Fifth Column, offering an from discrimination against fat people to nuclear alternative perspective on the news, and Behind the politics and frequently stories it tackled first became Headlines, a new daily discussion programme on the common currency of news and current affairs BBC2, which became best known for the weekly programmes. Split Screen, offering two opposing joust between Paul Boateng MP and Jeffrey Archer. views on a diversity of subjects, tackled such Kilroy!, the daily discussion programme on BBC1, matters as the smacking of children and the now being produced by an independent com- withdrawal of British troops from Northern pany, increasingly steered away from the softer Ireland, and challenged television issues. programme- makers on such issues as telethons, Topical Features was responsible for a significant news priorities and the Broadcasting Bill. number of specials, including Kilroy in the Middle The unit highlighted its year with four specials East; Forever Divided ?, a 90- minute discussion on which broke new ground: Child Slaves, A Fate Worse the politics of Northern Ireland; Trouble in Mind, a than Debt (the problems of Third World debt), No 70- minute investigation into mental illness, from Time to Say Goodbye (Jewish children who left Nazi the That's Life! team; See For Yourself, the BBC's Germany as refugees) and Inside Out (alternative own New Year accountability programme; and perspectives on army life, one made by officers, the Children in Need. other by enlisted men).

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 25 5 Network Television continued

tracking down the intensely private Iris Murdoch and reopening the file on P.G. W odehouse - but nothing could quite match that. On BBC2, The Late Show, which began in January 1989 with a wide brief to include all arts and the media in its four -nights-a -week transmission, showed increasing confidence and continued to justify the BBC's biggest commitment to arts programming for many years. The hardy perennial Arena expanded into new forms of programming: Anthony Wall's inventive four -part jazz documentary Slim Gaillard's Civilisation, which was followed by Animal Night - an evening of film, debate and archival plunder. Arena went to Russia to film an updated version of Goncharov's Oblomov, with roly -poly American actor George Wendt. Rhythms of the World Bookmark tracks continued to feature the best of global music down the private and Under African Skies provided an intimate and Iris Murdoch comprehensive portrait of black African music and performers. Music and Arts On BBC!, Omnibus, the most watched arts series Bookmark was responsible for perhaps the most on British television, took on a new look, with extraordinary screening of all BBC arts forays into difficult and contentious issues starting programmes. A portrait of the Czech playwright with an analysis of rape in the movies. Its broad and dissident Vaclav Havel had been shot range of film essays included the birth of Nabokov's clandestinely in Prague and transmitted in Britain Lolita, the art of Nazi Germany, and boxing as a early in the year under review. Nine months later subject for novelists, film- makers and painters. Havel was president of his country and Czech The BBC's commitment to the best of home- television asked for Paul Pawliskowski's film to be grown opera from major British companies sent to them express for national networking. continued with The Love for Three Oranges from Bookmark had scored some triumphs in its season - Opera North and the English National Opera's

Right: Prix Italia winner: Duke Bluebeard's Castle, with Robert Lloyd and Elizabeth Laurence Far right: Omnibus: The Leningrad Legend - the Kirov Ballet

26 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Network Television continued 5

acclaimed Hansel and Gretel. For the first time, the department made its own original opera production Prisoners of Conscience on film with stereo sound on Radio 3, and Leslie For the second year, BBC2 brought the weapon of Megahey's production of Bartok's Duke Bluebeard's public opinion to bear on oppressive governments Castle went on to win the Prix Italia. in the cause of Prisoners of Conscience. A live relay of Beethoven's Choral Symphony In support of the United Nation's Human from Berlin turned into a moving celebration when Rights Day, the series of five- minute programmes Leonard Bernstein, conducting musicians from East ran every evening for afortnight, with celebrities and West in the Berlin Freedom Concert, changed the including Alan Bennett, Dame Judi Dench, Sting well known `ode to joy' to Beethoven's original and Lenny Henry each highlighting the case of a concept `ode to freedom'. particular prisoner in South Africa, Sudan, Morocco, Peru, Israel, China, the Philippines, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Iraq and Syria. Left: Arena: It was a measure of the success of Prisoners of Slim Gaillard's Conscience's campaigning journalism, which is Civilisation endorsed by Amnesty International, that one of those whose cases were featured in the first series - as a result of which the BBC received 4,000 telephone calls and 7,000 letters - was able to attend the 1989 series' press conference. Ten cases of abuse of human rights, including torture, were featured in 1988. As the introductory programme of the second series showed, five of the victims were subsequently

released, a testimony to the astonishing impact of television and international opinion.

Youth Programmes A season of music documentaries focused on Set up to initiate programmes for the 16 -25 age great Russian composers, South America was group, the department extended its output, making investigated through its writers, artists and programmes for a wider range of viewers. musicians in the mammoth eight-part Made in Latin On BBC1, this diversification included the major America, and another ambitious series, The Magnum documentary series Move Over Darling which Story, featured some of the greatest photo-journalists looked at the subject of women and achievement of the century, even persuading the elusive master and was broadcast over one week to coincide with Henri Cartier -Bresson to appear on film. International Women's Day; a quiz entitled Style Towards the end of the year under review, Music Trial; a late -night music and comedy series, and Arts intensified its involvement in the coverage Paramount City; and a successful re -run on BBC2 of of sponsored events, and in a new agreement with a Sixties series, Jazz 625, which was repackaged to Lloyds Bank began a relationship that will provide appeal to a new audience. £1.3 million over a five -year period to extend the Also on Two, the DEF II strand continued with Young Musician of the Year competition into new a new series, A Rough Guide to Careers, presented by areas. In association with Lloyds, the BBC has already newcomers Caroline Hanson and Sheryl Simms. A presented its first instrumental Masterclasses. second series of Reportage began with a report on British Telecom chat -lines which resulted in a change

in Ol 1 hL standards after widespread press coverage. In a second series of Rough Guides, Sankha Guha and Magenta de Vine travelled to more major cities from Rio de Janeiro to Tokyo, providing a popular alternative to other travel programmes. Contemporary music series produced by Youth Programmes continued to cater for a wide range of musical tastes. They included the increasingly popular French -made Rapido, hosted by Antoine

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 27 Network Television continued

de Caunes; a third series of music documentaries, Children's Programmes That Was Then...This Is Now; an independent music The BBC increased its already considerable series, Snub; and second and third series of Behind commitment to children's television by extending the Beat which focused on black music. weekend broadcasting hours - Saturday mornings The Smash Hits Awards on BBC1 received a great on BBC1 now start at 7.30, an hour and a half deal of press coverage and healthy viewing figures before Going Live!; and during the autumn and early and the revival of Juke Box Jury on BBC2, hosted by winter months, BBC2 also began 7.30 transmission, Jools Holland, got a mixed reception. running through to midday. Variety was added to DEF II by repeating a Children's BBC maintained a high share of the number of dramas and documentaries from school audience, the more serious programmes, and community programme departments. The documentary series such as The Lowdown and Ipso strand also transmitted a second series of Facto, a new offering from Manchester, achieving discussions about personal belief (The A -Z of Belief, creditable figures in spite of strong competition. made by BBC Northern Ireland) and Gimme 8, a Drama, as always, provided the high spots, with series which presented an overview of TV Prince Caspian, the second part of The Chronicles of programmes enjoyed by young people in other Narnia, using some stunning and innovative effects countries. Youth Programmes also co- produced and holding viewers spellbound on Sunday evenings with School Television two specials on stress and leading up to Christmas. The period piece Little Sir memory Can't Cope and Can't Remember to coincide Nicholas, adapted from a long- forgotten 19th with examinations. century novel, and the contemporary thriller Troublemakers by Roger Parkes, were broadcasts of Reportage: high quality. DEF II's pioneering A new -look Grange Hill had some tough and current affairs controversial storylines and Byker Grove, programme with commissioned by the BBC from Zenith North, dealt Magenta De Vine realistically with contemporary life and issues and and Sankha Guha promised to develop into another long- running series. There were three new comedy dramas: Bluebirds, Alfonso Bonzo by Andrew Davies, and an alternative view of Robin Hood, Maid Marian and Her Merry Men, a winner at BAFTA. The writer was Tony Robinson who, having escaped from the part of Baldrick in Blackadder, also played the Sheriff of Nottingham. At the younger end, a new drama series, Happy Families, based on the classic picture books by Alan Albert, made excellent use of stylised studio sets and an integrated repertory cast. There were also new entertainment programmes for younger children, Animal Album, The Quack Chat Show with Keith Harris and Orville, and Bodger and Badger. And there were two new British animation series, Penny Crayon from Peter Maddox and Poddington Peas from Ian Green of Poddington Peas Plc. Manchester continued to provide Saturday morning programmes, and Bristol The Really Wild Show and a new venture, Wildside, one of the many programmes this year which featured children speaking for themselves. Increasingly, the audience had a voice on Children's BBC. Blue Peter had two new presenters during the year, the tall Scot John Leslie and Diane Louise Jordan who took over from Caron Keating in January. The programme mounted an extremely

28 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Network Television continued 5

Left: Independent production increases The Chronicles The BBC is on target to meet its commitment of of Narnia: commissioning 600 hours of programming from Prince Caspian - independent producers by the end of I990, 500 for more stunning the network and 100 for local transmission. It will effects then move in stages to meet the Government's wider target of 25% of independent production of qualifying programmes. The increase in independent productions is

being matched with a planned reduction in internal resources. A cost review by outside consultants has been commissioned to examine the comparative costs of in -house and independent productions. In 1989 -90 a variety of new programme series made by independent producers were seen on screen, among them dramas such as The Paradise successful appeal in aid of premature baby units, Club and Waterfront Beat, and entertainment collecting 28 million aluminium cans for recycling programmes such as Birds of a Feather and and raising £300,000. Challenge Anneka. Record Breakers celebrated its 18th birthday and The BBC is actively encouraging the Tony Hart continued to inspire young artists. development of the independent sector through- out the UK and is commissioning network Presentation programmes in the national and English regions as Presentation is responsible for the transmission and well as in London. During 1989 -90, for example, look of the two network channels. When either Cancer- the Good News was commissioned by BBC BBC1 or 2 is on air, an operational team with an Wales; Red Dwarf and Hudson and Halls by editorial presence ensures a seamless transition BBC Manchester; Byline and Connoisseur by BBC from programme to programme. The department Bristol; and Paddles Up by BBC Birmingham. makes the promotional trails for forthcoming programmes and a more creative policy and a Birds of a Feather: modern graphics style put many imaginative and down -to -earth expressive pieces of work on screen during the year. comedy with The department also informs viewers when Linda Robson and programmes are changed - and world events Pauline Quirke that dictated that BBC schedules were interrupted and attracted big timings altered on many occasions during 1989 -90. audiences The department's own programme output comprises One in Four, Behind the Screen, Points of View and But First This. It has also become well known for 'the broom cupboard' - the place from where the young presenters of Children's BBC introduce their programmes. Presentation is also responsible for the weather bulletins and national forecasts of which there are 80 a week across both channels.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 29 6 Network Radio

BBC Radio concentrated its efforts this year in remarkable 27 of the 33 prizes. Honours included making sure listeners will be able to locate its best drama award for Radio 3's The Bass Saxophone, networks in the explosion of new services predicted two Society of Authors awards - best dramatisation for this decade. for Radio 4's A Tale of Two Cities and best original Following the Government's requirement that script for The Rime of the Bounty - and the special two frequencies should be surrendered at some date award for services to radio for the BBC Radio from 1991 onwards, for the use of new operators, Drama Company (see Awards page 88).

the BBC arranged to give up its Radio 1 and Radio 3 But it was a year not without difficulties, with medium -wave frequencies, when these networks the decision being made to close the BBC Radio will then be exclusively on FM. But from August Orchestra, save for its Big Band section (see panel Bank Holiday Monday 1990, the BBC's new page 34), necessitated by savings required under the network, Radio 5, will be on air on what is now `Funding the Future' review. There was also the Radio 2's medium -wave frequency - making Radio 2 disappointment, again as a result of the review, that the first exclusively FM network. Network Radio would not, after all, be moving in In this potentially confusing situation, the BBC 1997 to a new headquarters at White City. bombarded the public with information - about But with relocation no longer an inhibition, wavelengths, about FM, about the need for a three- Network Radio set in motion wide -ranging band set if listeners wish to have access to all that improvements to Broadcasting House to meet its will be available to them. Over 250 major retailers role in the Nineties and looked forward to the in the 50 major UK cities took part in seminars to launch of Radio 5, the first new BBC network for help them help the customer. An advertising 23 years. campaign in local newspapers was mounted, `Radio This network will bring together all BBC radio's Times' geared itself to run full page FM-based sports coverage and educational output - pre -school, competitions, and an agreement was struck with primary, secondary, Open University, Continuing the Television Licensing Authority to include an Education - on one frequency, without the need for FM insert message in licence reminders, which other networks to interrupt their normal schedules during July, August and September 1990 will total for some of this programming, as happens now; and 6.5 million copies. it will broadcast parts of the BBC World Service Plans were also laid to insert an FM promotional output, as well as providing the country's first tape into new cars from Rover, Vauxhall and Ford, speech network for the young. the Post Office is pursuing an FM franking Many listeners were saddened by the deaths of

campaign during the summer, and British Telecom Radio 1 disc jockey Roger Scott and Radio 2 has enabled the BBC to start an FM helpline, commentator Peter Jones, for 25 years the voice of manned by experienced engineers who can give radio sport, who collapsed while covering the Boat callers individual advice. Meanwhile, on the BBC's Race. Peter Jones' contribution to broadcasting was airwaves, the message has been deliberately immense and he will be much missed. unrelenting, and the travelling `Radio Goes to At present, the BBC commands 70% of all radio Town' exhibition has been on the road (see panel listening. The Home Office believes that up to three page 36). national commercial networks, as well as hundreds As a backcloth to this promotional activity, BBC of community stations, will be in competition by engineers were re- engineering all the transmitters at the mid -Nineties. These new operators are likely to a cost of l6.5 million; building new fillers (4 build on some of the more popular elements of the million); and creating an FM network for Radio 1 BBC's output, but the restructured BBC networks ( 3.5 million) and an FM capability for Radio 4 in are determined that their standards will not be Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (2 million). lowered, and they remain committed to serving all It was a year of editorially strong and brave the manifold tastes of licence -payers. broadcasting, as the reports on the individual networks which follow indicate, and there was Radio 1 much public and critical recognition of the work In possibly the most ambitious project embarked done. A specially minted medal from the Royal upon by the network, presenter Simon Bates raced Agriculture Society of England marking 60 years of around the world in 78 days, raising hundreds of BBC farming programmes was presented to thousands of pounds for Oxfam. Managing Director David Hatch by the Queen; and, Accompanied by producer Jonathan Ruffle having received 63 of the possible 81 nominations and a borrowed satellite dish in two suitcases, the

for the 1990 Sony awards, BBC Radio collected a Radio 1 DJ crossed the Atlantic to South America,

30 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989;90 Network Radio continued

for the network, Radio 1 stayed open throughout Left: A race around the night to report on homelessness in major cities the world ... and including Tokyo, Sydney, Nairobi, New York back for a Sony and Moscow. A free advice booklet was made award for available. Simon Bates and A week's campaign backing lead -free petrol was his producer supported by the distribution of four million car stickers which encouraged motorists not only to make the sound move to unleaded fuel but also to Radio l's stereo service.

In the past 18 months, Radio 1 has won millions of new listeners in Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Midlands, the North West and Wales, which now are all served by new FM transmitters. The largest audience increases have come in the 25 -44 age group as the network moves away from Top 40 music towards more adult- orientated listening from albums and CDs. Over 17 million listeners a week tune to the network. travelled through Central America, the USA, Japan, During the year, Radio 1 consolidated its Singapore, Malaysia and India, and returned via the position as the premier broadcaster of rock and Middle East and Europe. pop and emphasised its policy for the Nineties of Using boats, trucks and trains for transport, airing more live concerts by combining resources producer and presenter sent back daily a live 30- with Irish station RTE to transmit U2's New Year's minute show about their travels and Oxfam's work Eve concert from Dublin - it was made available on in underdeveloped areas, as well as broadcasting stereo satellite link to all European countries and weekly programmes for the BBC World Service. reached the biggest listenership since the 1988

Back home during the same period, the Radio 1 Mandela celebration. In February, two unique Eric Roadshow was on its annual tour around the Clapton concerts at the Albert Hall were broadcast, coastline. Thanks to an excellent summer, over half a million people in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland participated in the on- the -road Greenwich time signal ends programmes. At I pm on 5 February 1990, an era ended. The Again the network's music service was pips introducing The World at One on Radio 4 were augmented by a comprehensive package of socially the last to come from the Royal Greenwich aware campaigns, with such old favourites as Action Observatory. Special and Which Way Now re- inforced by other For 66 years under an agreement with the series of particular interest to the audience. In June, Astronomer Royal, the Observatory transmitted Paul McCartney and other rock performers to Broadcasting House the six bursts of tone that including Sting and Peter Gabriel joined Radio l's marked the hour 65 times a week on Network environment week, to highlight issues such as the Radio. With the Observatory's move from destruction of the rain forests, the danger to the Hurstmonceux Castle in Sussex to Cambridge, the ozone layer, pollution, the greenhouse effect and service ceased. recycling. Listeners were able to write for a copy But the pips, transmitted for the last 33 years of the Radio 1 `Survival Kit' guide on how the from an enormous bank of caesium atomic clocks, individual can help protect the environment - continue to be heard exactly as in the past, which was printed on recycled paper. generated in Broadcasting House's basement by Another new campaign in the week running up the BBC's compact new rubidium atomic clocks to Christmas was Home and Dry, devoted to the which are linked by radio and satellite to problem of homelessness faced by young people. international atomic time standards. Supported by a donation from The Prince's Trust The accuracy of the signal depends on many and other agencies, Broadcasting Support Services factors such as transmission path and distance from set up a special helpline offering youngsters the loudspeaker. The BBC is achieving the same information and advice on finding somewhere to accuracy as Greenwich. live and on fair rents and, in an unusual undertaking

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 3 1 Network Radio continued

Radio 2 In a year which saw increased competition as new stations came on air, the network, with its mix of familiar, melodic music and personality presenters, retained its audience share with around one in five of all UK listeners. Many shows left the studio to make outside broadcasts, with Derek Jameson invited to such diverse places as Llanwrtyd Wells, Britain's smallest town, and Milton Keynes, Britain's 'most maligned city'. Gloria Hunniford joined forces with Alan Titchmarsh to visit stately homes and with Jeff Banks to describe the scenes at Royal Ascot. Meanwhile, Jimmy Young ventured as far as Hong Kong and John Dunn to the Vatican at the time of the Archbishop of Canterbury's visit. Ken Bruce ended his tenure of the morning request show by touring a Sheffield recycling plant, part of Radio 2's Springclean, a public service campaign to deal with rubbish. Earlier in the year, Above: News '90: backed by a major documentary presented by HealthCheck was a major health education campaign new news magazine Richard Skinner which examined the guitarist's which lasted a fortnight, involved all the main presented by importance as a musician over 25 years. Numerous presenters and featured OBs from across the Sybil Ruscoe and other documentaries called upon the network's country. The Children in Need auction again Allan Robb on music archive and another highly topical series was exceeded all expectations, culminating in the tour

Radio 1 the eight-part McCartney on McCartney with Mike de force of Radio 2's 24 -hour phone -in request Above right: Read. marathon; the 100 million penny appeal caught the Jakki Brambles: Elsewhere on the network, the weekly late -night public's imagination and tapped their generosity -

youngest Radio 1 satire The Mary Whitehouse Experience returned for the network alone contributed 1.25 million to the daytime presenter in a second series, this time with a repeat slot; Jeff Children in Need appeal. 20 years Young's dance music show was extended in Roger Royle celebrated five years presenting response to the increasing popularity of dance and Good Morning Sunday - with listeners seeking club music; and an experimental news programme, problem advice by the sackful - and welcomed News 90, was launched in the New Year to establish celebrity guests ranging from Billy Graham to whether the audience would like more background Natalie Cole. In September he leaves Radio 2 on the important events of the day. Sybil Ruscoe to become a school chaplain but will take over left the Breakfast Show to co- present News 90 and presenting Sunday Half Hour - and he will still was replaced by Jakki Brambles who continues to dispense wisdom on Pause for Thought. host the 5am Early Show. At 22 Jakki Brambles is Radio 2's news service, with stories either

the youngest daytime presenter on Radio 1 in 20 flashed as they came in or reported in the hourly years and the first female DJ in a daytime slot. Right: Sadly, the network lost DJ Roger Scott, who David Mellor, then died of cancer in October. Radio 1 broadcast a Minister for Health, special programme in tribute and at Christmas a joins Radio 2's memorial event at EMI's Abbey Road studios, Gloria Hunniford which was attended by listeners and colleagues as and Anne Robinson well as many famous musicians. Alan Freeman who to add his weight to hosted the programme said: 'Every one of us knows the HealthCheck what the greatest passion of Roger's life was - his campaign commitment to good music dominated everything. Richard Skinner replaced Roger Scott on the flagship magazine programme Saturday Sequence, and Bob Harris, who presented BBCtv's Old Grey

Whistle Test in the 1970s, joined Radio 1 to take over the late -night Sunday show.

32 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Network Radio continued 6

bulletins round the clock, became dominated by brought in comedians such as Griff Rhys Jones, Eastern Europe, but there were important home Jimmy Mulville and Nick Revell. Fletcher's Friends stories, including the Hillsborough football disaster and On the Air provided a nostalgic touch, Make which the much-missed Peter Jones had to describe 'em Laugh recalled humour from the movies, and with Alan Green, Jimmy Armfield and Pat Murphy Nobody Cried When the Trains Pulled Out looked in Sport on 2. back to child evacuation in the Second World There were happier sporting moments. The War. network broadcast Nick Faldo's US Masters victory Meanwhile, The News Huddlines remained as and the British Lions' successful Australian tour. topical as ever and put paid to the Eighties in Sport on 2 made new ground by presenting suitably irreverent fashion. programmes direct from the Five Nations Rugby Specialist music fans enjoyed a rich evening and Union Championship, and John Inverdale took the weekend variety including country, folk, big band racing team to the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe for and jazz. Notable anniversaries included the 30th the first time. Early morning presenter Chris Stuart birthdays of Sing Something Simple and Your Hundred joined the team in Auckland for the X1V Best Tunes. Commonwealth Games. The longest broadcast Live music played an important role in 1989 -90, belonged to Sunday Sport: Charles Colvile began at with the BBC Concert Orchestra not only providing 2pm covering summer events at home, but the rain Friday Night is Music Night and a spread of UK gala in Spain fell mainly on the World Athletics nights, but also touring Italy to great acclaim. Some Championships which did not end until 10pm! memorable concerts for David Jacobs' lunchtime There were fresh light entertainment shows on show were given by the BBC Radio Orchestra, but Radio 2 during the year. The Long Hot Satsuma its closure was announced as part of `Funding the featured Barry Cryer, Graeme Garden and Alison Future' economies, leaving only its Big Band Steadman; sit -corn McKay the New was set in the component to continue as it has in the past. wilds of Scotland; and Adrian Love's Time Cycle Autumn saw an artistic triumph, as a five -year project came to fruition: the complete canon of Gilbert and Sullivan operas was broadcast on Above: Sunday afternoons, winning large, appreciative Jimmy Young: live audiences. Not so appreciative were fans of the from Hong Kong temporarily displaced Benny Green and Alan Dell, Left: Artistic who picketed Broadcasting House demanding their triumph: Radio 2 return - which duly took place in January. broadcasts the entire The New Year also found Radio 2 under new Gilbert and Sullivan management as Frances Line took over as Network canon Controller from Bryant Marriott - now Controller Special Duties, Radio - and saw Saturday afternoon music for the first time as the network regained its FM transmitters from Radio 1. The remaining Sunday FM gap was closed in April, 21 weeks before Radio 2 becomes the first of the four BBC networks to move to FM only.

Radio 3 One of the great advantages of Radio 3 is that it can choose to break the mould of the schedules and present programmes in a different way. This was shown on a number of occasions during the year. Wagner's entire Ring of the Nibelung was broadcast over one weekend, admirably presented by Bryan Magee; the 80th birthday of Sir Isaiah Berlin was marked by an evening of programmes associated with him and his interests; an entire day was devoted to the 85th birthday of Sir Michael Tippett; and the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution was marked by a weekend about France

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 33 Network Radio continued

The Last Night of the Proms: Sir John Pritchard's final performance

The BBC orchestras In July 1989, the 95th Henry Wood Promenade whole range of British music are at the heart of Concerts season began and, as usual, five of the their repertory, but they also give outstanding BBC's six orchestras made a major contribution. performances of standard works. Of the five, the Symphony Orchestra, the All five have hectic schedules which include Philharmonic (based in Manchester), and the commercial recordings, public concerts and Welsh and Scottish orchestras broadcast only on foreign tours. Last year the Scottish Symphony Radio 3. The Concert Orchestra not only was in Greece; the Philharmonic in Eastern Europe contributes to Radio 3 but also to Radio 2 in and Brazil (the first visit by a BBC orchestra to Friday Night is Music Night and Melodies for You South America); the Welsh Symphony in Holland and last autumn was heard on that network and Spain; and the Concert in Italy; while the

performing the entire Gilbert and Sullivan canon Symphony Orchestra gave a world premiere of a of 13 operas. new work by Messiaen in Paris which it repeated The sixth BBC orchestra, the Radio Orchestra, in Milan the following day. heard in the David Jacobs' lunchtime sequence and These tours entail no cost to the licence -payer in its own three -hour evening showcase, is to be and enhance the reputation of the orchestras and disbanded in late 1990 because of 'Funding the the BBC. Future' economies, saving £I million from the £10 During the Proms, the BBC orchestras carry million which the BBC spends annually on its house the main burden, contributing nearly half the orchestras, though the 17- strong section which concerts -the Symphony Orchestra played 15 in already performs separately as the BBC Big Band is 1989, besides contributing 80 programmes to to continue. The closure, which is under discussion Radio 3 in the year, some 120 hours of music. with the unions, will reduce the total number of The Last Night of the Proms was planned to be

players employed by 39 to 41 I . the last appearance of Sir John Pritchard as The BBC Symphony Orchestra -the largest principal conductor of the Symphony Orchestra. and most versatile orchestra in Britain - the Sadly, it proved his final appearance in this Philharmonic, the Welsh, the Scottish and the country; already seriously ill, he died several Concert play an important and distinctive role in weeks later in San Francisco. Straightforward in British music, their contract status allowing them style, much respected by players, Sir John brought not only a wider repertory than other orchestras, distinction and high standards to his work and his but the necessary time for preparation and contribution to music will not be forgotten. rehearsal. The work of living composers and the

34 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Network Radio continued 6

which, in its turn, was linked with an important play series, Drama of the Revolution. Themes, linked series and seasons are an essential part of the network and an important way of relating disparate material to show the connections rather than the separateness of culture. The Scandinavian season contained more than 140 programmes. Two -thirds of Radio 3's music output, over 5,000 hours a year, is live music rather than recordings. The backbone of this comes from the BBC's own orchestras. Chamber music is another key element. Public or studio concerts are broadcast every day at lunchtime and draw appreciative live audiences as well as listeners. During the year, Radio 3 broadcast over 100 operas. Live relays from home and abroad are particularly appreciated by the audience, as are simultaneous transmissions with BBC Television. Above: Third Ear: Radio 3 also extends considerable patronage to James Naughtie young artists; every year the audition system brings interviews forward new talent, the best of which is offered a Luciano Pavarotti chance to broadcast. The sheer growth in the Left: Sir John number and quality of musicians world -wide puts a Gielgud reads special responsibility on music producers, but E. F. Benson's editorial judgment is at the heart of the network. It autobiography is often not understood how much preparation goes As We Were on into even a simple- seeming series such as Composer Radio 3 of the Week. As usual, there were a number of commissions and first performances of new music, most particularly in the Proms, which provided one of the most successful seasons in recent years with an 85% average attendance. The presence of foreign orchestras continued to grow - they gave 13 performances - with the high point, perhaps, being the visit of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Sir Georg Solti for his last European tour as music director. David Sawyer's imaginative radiophonic Swansong was the BBC music entry for the Italia Drama Now and The Sea Voyage by Carey Harrison Prize. Jazz continued to have a place in the and Josef Skvorecky's The Bass Saxophone Player schedules, to the irritation of some listeners, though were outstanding examples. Elsewhere, Peter Barnes Jazz Record Requests is among the most popular wrote a new series of monologues performed by programmes. A rationalisation of the brass band leading actors, and from the archive came Gielgud's policy led to fewer programmes but of enhanced 1948 performance as Hamlet and Ralph quality. Richardson's 1943 Peer Gynt. The drama output on Radio 3 found a new and Speech programmes included documentaries, important element: Critics' Choice, a monthly features, over 200 interval talks and the daily broadcast of a stage play highly praised but not programme Third Ear. Michael Charlton presented widely seen. The first months produced Simon a major series on the work of America's National Gray's The Holy Terror (formerly `Mellon'), Security Council, and Peter Hennessy a series on C.P.Taylor's Good, Dusty Hughes' Jenkins' Ear and premiership, with interviews with three living Alan Ayckbourn's Joking Apart. former prime ministers. New plays written for radio are the mainstay of Two series of the science programme Spectrum

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 35 6 Network Radio continued

covered a wide range of challenging new ideas in Radio 4 various fields, and The Birth of Babel in eight The network continued to build audiences for much programmes looked at the origins of language. The of the year, despite increasing competition from Archbishop of Canterbury's Cranmer Lecture was new speech -based services, particularly in the broadcast, as was a fascinating interview with Sir London area. Listening figures during the summer Alfred Ayer recorded shortly before his death. months were the highest for several years, an In the search for new subject matter, perhaps the encouraging response to the policy of enriching the most surprising success was a series of three talks schedule with new series in July and August, a time by Jeffrey Richards entitled Sexuality in the Middle when broadcasters traditionally rest on their laurels. Ages. An innovation was Poet of the Month, a poet In the autumn, there were major changes to reading not only from his own works but from Radio 4's late-evening programme pattern. They those who have influenced him, in a number of followed special research into listeners' preferences, short programmes spread over the calendar which endorsed the professional view that a lighter month. element in the editorial mix was desirable. The Unusually, the audience for Radio 3 is higher in World Tonight's large and loyal audience followed it the summer than in the winter, notably because of to its earlier placing, and series such as Frenchman's the influence of the Proms. But there is a seriously Creek and The Sittaford Mystery proved attractive committed audience that listens regularly and there listening in a new entertainment slot at l 1pm. is increasing evidence that it shares with The Book at Bedtime won new adherents in its programme- makers the determination that, despite later placing, but its appeal owed much to a more competition brought about by deregulation, the adventurous and distinctive commissioning policy. frontiers of Radio 3 should not be pulled back. The most controversial choice of book was Lady

Radio Goes to Town 'Radio Goes to Town', the BBC's most ambitious ever radio promotional campaign, took to the road in May 1989. A five -year, nationwide travelling show and exhibition, its aim is to promote all apsects of BBC Radio. During this year it concentrated on persuading listeners to switch to FM and publicised the BBC's newest network, Radio 5, which launches in August 1990. But' Radio Goes to Town' communicates the pleasure of sound, too, something reflected in the carnival atmosphere of its specially designed 'Big Top', and a number of network and local pro- in the reception hall at Broadcasting House), grammes have been transmitted from each offering a selection of archive recordings provided location. Radios I, 2, 3 and 4 and local radio by the Sound Library. Among the favourite items have taken part, and Engineering, Educational have been extracts from Dick Barton, The Navy Broadcasting Services, Recruitment and Personnel Lark, and Hancock's Half Hour, the signature tune have been on hand to promote BBC career of Children's Choice, and 'The fleet's lit up' opportunities. commentary by Tommy Woodruffe at the 1937 Between May and October, 'Radio Goes to review of the fleet. Town' visited Nottingham, Cardiff, Blackpool and During 1990, 'Radio Goes to Town' has already Milton Keynes, with visitors averaging 40,000- visited Ipswich, Glasgow and Torquay (April and 60,000 during each week -long stay. In Blackpool June), with Gateshead (July 23 -28), Blackpool over the August Bank Holiday, 136,000 people (August 4-11), Alton Towers, Staffordshire

were attracted. (August 23 -27), and Salisbury (September I -8) to One of the hits of the show has been the BBC's come. Wurlitzer jukebox (similar to the one which stands

36 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989,'90 Network Radio continued 6

Chatterley's Lover, broadcast in tandem with a two- hour dramatic reconstruction of the 1960 trial. Both Computerised travel service programmes attracted considerable public and The BBC has been providing traffic information critical acclaim and demonstrated the value of for more than 25 years, but with the tremendous careful labelling when explicit and exceptional growth in the volume of traffic, last summer it language is to be broadcast. launched a pilot scheme for a new national service There was a strong European flavour during the believed to be the most advanced of its kind in year. The bicentenary of the French Revolution Europe. was marked by a number of programmes and, in In less than four minutes, information sent to the Reith Lectures, the poet and historian Jacques the BBC Travel Unit can be processed and Darras drew upon aspects of life and culture on broadcast live on radio, locally or nationally - both sides of the Channel to reflect on the future of giving travellers the very latest news for road, Europe; as the Berlin Wall came down, it proved a rail, sea and air. timely series. The speed of the operation, which was The journalistic input of programmes from demonstrated in July 1989 to the then Transport News and Current Affairs gave the network Secretary, Paul Channon, is made possible by a immediacy, relevance and texture (see News and new computer system, developed by the BBC in Current Affairs page 12). conjunction with the Transport and Road Research Two of Radio 4's best -known programmes Laboratory. The computer connects sources such reached milestones during the year: The Archers as the Port of Dover and the Dartford Tunnel with celebrated its 10,000th edition with a day of special Broadcasting House. events and confirmed its place as the network's BBC Travel also feeds the Television Service premier attraction; and The Week in Westminster and is responsible for the Ceefax travel pages. marked its 60th anniversary with a fine programme Through four local radiostations - GLR, Radios by Robert Carvel on the origins and purpose of this Kent and Bedfordshire, and BBC Essex - BBC remarkable broadcasting institution. Travel is operating an experimental scheme using Hollywood actors belonging to the Los Angeles Radio Data System (RDS), which automatically Classic Theatre Works came to London to record switches a car driver away from the station being plays and generated a great deal of publicity for listened to so that travel information relevant to Radio Drama: Richard Dreyfuss and Amy Irving in the area being driven in can be given. It is Arthur Miller's The Price, broadcast in March 1989, estimated that between 20,000 and 30,000 car and Ed Asner and Joe Spano in Neil Simon's Plaza drivers in the country have RDS. Suite, broadcast in July. Clive Merrison and Michael Broadcasters from Europe have been to London Williams as Holmes and Watson created a splendid to observe BBC Travel at work. partnership in Conan Doyle's Sign of Four and a

The Archers: 10,000 editions and still going strong

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989,90 37 6 Network Radio continued

Radio 4's first off-air counselling service. The heart of Radio 4 remained good conversation, and the search for new styles continued. Robert Robinson went on the road to talk to a range of interest groups in Ad Lib, which replaced Stop the Week for a short run; Open Mind tackled topical issues; and BBC Wales developed a new week -ending format for the network with Tea Junction. The Radio 4 Debates were a very lively if traditional way of reflecting on public affairs and had the added value of making the network more visible at a time when its competitive edge needed to be as sharp as possible.

Above: Joe Spano series of popular classics, from Treasure Island to and Marsha Mason The 39 Steps, was much appreciated by listeners in Plaza Suite - during the Christmas period. part of a joint Many of the parts in these productions were Radio 4 venture played by members of the Radio Drama Company with the Los Angeles which celebrated its 50th year. A documentary, Classic Theatre Voices in the Air, recalled the genesis of this full -time Works group of actors and the talents of the present Right: Last Chance company were well displayed in a production of to See: Douglas The Beaux Stratagem. Adams (left) with Light entertainment had another difficult year as zoologist Mark experienced producers left for television outside Carwadine the BBC. Ideas were inevitably slower to come through but prospects looked much better. In this competitive climate, the network relied more heavily than usual on the tried and tested. Nonetheless, new series such as Winston by Peter Tinniswood, The House by Christopher Lee and The Year in Question, a knock -out quiz featuring teams from newspapers, were immediately successful. It was a good year for the Radio 4 feature. A season of programmes about the Second World War proved very popular and there was praise for Now That's What I Call Mali, a series in which Radio l's Andy Kershaw travelled rough in search of the music of French West Africa. Douglas Adams, author of The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy, went further afield to find exotic and threatened species for his series Last Chance to See, a neat blend of natural history and fun. Nearer home, Classes Apart dissected the social lives of West Country families and there were frank and intimate revelations of the sexual lives of the older generation in the widely admired series Will You Still Love Me ?, which provoked heavy demand for

38 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Network Radio continued 6

Children in Need and other appeals In August 1989, the BBC set up a trust to in fund -raising events. New local radiostation BBC administer the money raised by Children in Need, CWR, which did not come on air until 17 January the annual radio and television appeal which in a 1990 to serve Coventry and Warwickshire, opened decade has collected over £70 million to improve for the day and raised £143,000 - with workmen the quality of life for children who are disabled, still busy around staff in the building. handicapped or terminally ill, and those who are During 1989, 14,135 requests for money were disadvantaged through poverty and deprivation. made to Children in Need, of which 9,403 were

By becoming a trust and gaining charitable met from the 1988 fund. The smallest payment status, Children in Need is now exempt from tax was £50 to a group of mentally handicapped Girl payable on the interest which accrues while Guides needing a new games parachute; the applications for help are being considered. biggest was £300,000 to SENSE, the Deaf Blind The trust is chaired by John Parry, the BBC's Rubella Association, to help build afamily centre National Governor for Wales. Four of the other in Scotland. eight trustees come from the BBC; and four from With the help of BBC radio and television, the voluntary and statutory sectors: Sir Harold Comic Relief in 1988 -89 raised £23.6 million. In Haywood, chairman of the Central Appeals this year there was no full -scale appeal by the Advisory Committee; Dee Springer, director of charity - which itself is responsible for the the London Voluntary Services Council; Jane administration of donations - but BBC I presented Streather, assistant director of Newcastle Social five short documentaries on consecutive evenings Services; and Paul Sweeney, director of the showing how the money was spent. Comic Relief Northern Ireland Voluntary Trust. Red Nose Day will be back in 1991.

Children in Need - which began in 1927 as a An emergency appeal was broadcast during the five- minute radio appeal in Children's Hour and year, in aid of the victims of famine in Ethiopia. became an extended television event for the first Made on BBC Television and Radio, on ITV and time in 1980 -was previously the responsibility of through the national press, the appeal raised the BBC Board of Governors, acting on the over £10 million.

recommendations of a central and eight regional The total amount raised by The Week's Good committees, the work of which continues. Cause appeals on Radio 4 during the calendar year The appeal again surpassed itself on 17 1989 was £786,314. Notable results included the November 1989, raising yet another record on the St Martin's Christmas Appeal, £206,896; the night - nearly £17.5 million, compared with 1988's Muscular Dystrophy Group, £71,062; the Royal on- the -night record of £13 million. The final figure Star and Garter Home, £51,748; Alone in London, announced in February was {21,671,931. £49,821; PAFA Benevolent Fund, £28,978; the Anti - Again the 62 -hour television marathon, Slavery Society, £27,128; Disfigurement Guidance hosted by Terry Wogan and Sue Cook, was the Trust, {24,705; and Cecil Houses, £21,983. centrepiece of the appeal. It included an Esther The regular television appeals, including those Rantzen 40- minute special, Children of Courage, the broadcast in the national regions, raised a total of

cast of Bread performing Tom Stoppard's three - £346,970. The largest sums were for Queen minute version of Hamlet, and the newsreaders of Elizabeth's Foundation for the Disabled, £56,322;

BBCtv and ITN doing battle in a news quiz. And Development Trust for the Young Disabled, its highlight brought more than 5,000 children to £49,238; Camphill Village Trust, £37,403; Home the screen, linking up in choirs all over the country Farm Trust, £35,736; Leukaemia Care Society, to sing aspecial song marking Children in Need's £26,700; and Asthma Research Council, 10th TV birthday. £23,500. Children in Need is an event that involves the entire BBC at national, regional and local level. Children in Need publishes its own Annual Report

Radios I , 2, 3 and 4 had a busy appeals week and which can be obtained by sending a request and a regional television and local radio broadcasters large sae to BBC Children in Need, Broadcasting were out and about in their communities involved Support Services, PO Box 7, London W3 6XJ.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989190 39 7 Regional Broadcasting

Regional Broadcasting is a large part of the BBC: it in' to the BBC's national and worldwide news grid employs a quarter of its staff and spends a quarter at every level, and the charter emphasised this by of its money, making a wide range of programmes laying down a policy of a minimum 60 -40 speech to for local, regional and national audiences - over a music ratio between 6am and 6pm and up to 100% third of networked television and nearly 4,000 speech at peak periods of breakfast and `drive times'. hours of networked radio come from outside Each station has been set performance targets. London. The vital role Regional Broadcasting plays As a result of the economies made necessary was reaffirmed this year with the introduction of a by the `Funding the Future' review, the English new local radio charter and with developments in North West and North East regions were merged regional television to strengthen aspects of the into one, BBC North, under a single head of service it provides. broadcasting and one management team, and plans But it was a difficult year for the directorate were finalised for reducing the number of regional which needed to play its part in meeting the television opt -outs. In local radio, plans for BBC television quota for independents and in delivering Radio Dorset, which will be the 39th and last station far-reaching economies under the `Funding the in the English chain, were scaled down and its Future' review. Much careful strategic thinking was opening is to be delayed. The opening of the Reading required to strike the necessary balance. base of Radio Berkshire & Surrey, which was A development in Belfast, which will end the scheduled for October 1990, has been put back six need for expensive leased premises in the city, was months, to open at the same time as the Guildford started and radio studios in Swansea which had base. been closed for 20 years were reopened. The South The number of prestigious awards won during & West region's new headquarters building in the year was an ample indication of the contribution Bristol was opened, a new broadcasting centre for Regional Broadcasting makes to the BBC's output the East Midlands in Nottingham brought together and to its prestige. local radio and regional television - which got the go-ahead for an East Midlands television news The annual reports of the three National Broadcasting magazine - and the shell of the Southampton centre Councils which follow are submitted to the BBC was completed. And two more local radio stations - Chairman under Article 10 (8) of the Corporation's Wiltshire Sound (April 1989) and CWR, covering Charter. Coventry and Warwickshire Uanuary) - burst into life, with Radio Suffolk following in April 1990. SCOTLAND With the start of television broadcasting from To ensure that BBC Scotland's public service the House of Commons, the national regions broadcasting was being maintained at an invigorated their political coverage (and Wales' new appropriate level, and that its radio and television Parliamentary Unit began providing Welsh programmes were both adequate for Scotland in language reports for S4C) and the English regions the 1990s and vigorous enough to contribute to the launched weekly political programmes. networks, the Broadcasting Council began a More computerised joint radio and TV comprehensive review in autumn 1988. newsrooms were installed - soon information A significant increase in opt -out programmes gathered anywhere in the country will be instantly was thought to be essential if BBC Scotland was to available at every BBC newsdesk. An injection of respond to social and political circumstances and finance began to help Scotland increase its output compete in the expanding television market. The by 50 hours a year for its own audiences. And, as a Council's most ambitious recommendation, further demonstration of its belief in the therefore, was the preparation of a list of priorities importance of `grass roots' journalism, the BBC for daily television development. initiated its first regional training scheme in Bristol, Scottish management responded with a six-point for six young people from different parts of the plan to be achieved within the BBC's financial UK. constraints, and in July 1989, the National Under an editorial charter for local radio Governor, Watson Peat, was pleased to report to introduced in February 1990, journalistic standards the Council that the Board of Governors, well will be toughened and minorities, especially ethnic understanding the current debates within Scotland, groups, must be more strongly identified and supported the proposed measures. catered for (see panel page 53). Speech content is With the help and approval of the Director- local radio's strength, particularly its journalism General and the new Managing Director Regional which not only operates on the spot but is `locked Broadcasting, a financial strategy was devised and,

40 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Regional Broadcasting continued 7

almost immediately, the first phase of the plan was management objectives. However, the Council realised when Focal Point was extended. The current wished to see more comedy, more drama written affairs series, which includes the work of indepen- for Scottish audiences, and a further strengthening dent producers, has since enjoyed success with its of news and current affairs. Accordingly, a new contributions to network, the most notable being a editorial structure for Current Affairs Radio was meticulous and sober investigation of Rottweiler announced in spring 1990, and 10 short plays were dogs. commissioned, encouraging new Scottish writing Tenders for more independent programmes and contributing to Glasgow's celebrations as were advertised and the returns assessed by the European City of Culture. end of 1989; these included proposals for leisure, The innovations which brought Head On to the morning radio schedule, and revised afternoon programming, were not at first universally popular with the public, but by the beginning of 1990, research figures showed Radio Scotland's weekly reach at a highly satisfactory level not far behind ILR and Radio 1, the most popular stations. The revised schedule for Radio Scotland launched in spring 1990 re- inforced speech -based programmes for daytime listening, but for evenings introduced music programmes and a new team of young presenters. Left: The Justice Game: Denis Programme innovations Lawson in taut The Council took pleasure throughout the year in thriller the success of new approaches to programming on Gaelic, education, and a number of specialist both television and radio. Reporting Scotland, the subjects. flagship of television news and current affairs, was The Council watched with satisfaction the redesigned and an authoritative and youthful team success of drama which BBC Scotland contributed of presenters, Jackie Bird, Eddie Mair and Alan to network - Some Time in August, a film for Screen Douglas, brought a revitalised programme to a large Two; a second series of Play on One, which doubled and loyal audience. John Milne produced and its audience; and two series of The Justice Game. It presented News Gallery, a Sunday summary of was also pleased with the maturing of the situation weekly news and Parliamentary affairs, which comedy City Lights, which at its peak drew 1.8 provided a showcase for the talents of BBC million viewers in Scotland, and with Scotch and Scotland's Parliamentary Correspondent Ian Reporting Scotland: Wry, which continued its phenomenal record of MacWhirter and was an immediate success. And new presenters success at New Year, attracting half the nation. Kirsty Wark's established reputation for fair and Eddie Mair and The Gaelic Television Department changed its incisive interviewing was enhanced when she Jackie Bird programme priority from current affairs to young people's programmes and enjoyed great success with Brag. In spring 1989, under the title Gaelic Harvest, a festival of Gaelic programmes was scheduled across one week, the quality and diversity of the material drawing considerable acclaim. In autumn, the Mod was staged in Stornoway and there was praise for the imaginative coverage. Daytime programmes were part of the pattern of quiet success on network during the year. A second series of Garden Party was broadcast from the Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, and during the year Catchword showed its popularity with audiences of three million. When the Council was reviewing Radio Scotland's policy and programming, it warmly approved the existing output and clearly endorsed

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 41 7 Regional Broadcasting continued

interviewed the Prime Minister in a programme 1989 and was succeeded by Professor Sir Graham broadcast in March. Hills, Principal of Strathclyde University. Three The most consistently original and adventurous members retired: John Pollock, Professor Neil ideas came from Music and Arts Department MacCormick, and Sir Robert Cowan; and Council inspired by John Archer, a programme -maker of welcomed Ms Yvonne Strachan and Professor distinction and a welcome recruit to BBC Scotland. David Carter. Edinburgh Nights brought the best of the During the year, the Council met in Melrose, international festival to the British audience. A new London and Aberdeen, as well as Glasgow. magazine, Excess, observed the arts around Scotland The Litmus Test: with style and technical skill. Ashkenazy's return to WALES Michael Scott Moscow was recorded in the Soviet Union, but it At the beginning of the year, the Council received a presents on was a performance in Glasgow of the Te Deum by report on the completion of a major round of staff Radio Scotland Berlioz which produced a near-perfect combination cuts and savings, required as a result of the current of musical excellence and delightful viewing. licence fee settlement and to finance the transfer of Scottish music continued to be well served with television output to independent producers. Towards coverage of the premier fiddle and piobaireachd the end of the year, the Council discussed the impli- championships. cations for Wales of a new round of savings, as a Radio Scotland's young staff were no less active result of the 'Funding the Future' review. in bringing fresh thinking to productions. The Against this undoubtedly unsettled background, Litmus Test proved an immensely enjoyable and the year also saw major programme innovations accessible quiz on scientific topics, and the Business and successes in all sections of the output, as well as Programme added a dimension to BBC coverage of substantial developments in facilities for the developing Scottish economy. Work from two programme-making. Foremost among these was the promising newcomers compiling their first pro- reopening of the main radio studios in Swansea in grammes came to the attention of the Council: February after a period of over 20 years. The A Case of Ginger Beer, concerning a landmark legal ceremony was performed by BBC Chairman judgment, and River of Disappointment, a Canadian Marmaduke Hussey and marked a recognition of travelogue. the importance of Swansea's contribution to both A new series, Above the Belt, offered a lively radio and television output in Wales. account of events north of the central belt of The Government's Broadcasting Bill, published Scotland - and in so doing fostered the Council's late in 1989, contained a number of measures of policy of ensuring that all the regions of Scotland specific relevance to Wales. In particular, the are represented in programmes. Council welcomed the intention to maintain S4C Lesley Riddoch brought characteristic clarity of and to provide it with a stable source of income. thought and forthright reporting to a topical series, The Bill included a statutory requirement for The Fact Is..., and an historical perspective on the BBC to provide a minimum of 10 hours a week current problems was shaped in a first -rate produc- of programmes 'to meet the reasonable tion, The Scots of Ulster. requirements' of S4C, financed out of the BBC's The national interest was seen to have been well normal income, an output which was already being served by the small team which reported on provided following a request from the Government Scotland's achievements at the Commonwealth in 1980. Another measure proposed the removal of Games to a responsive audience. all restrictions on the broadcasting of advertisements during and around BBC Council matters programmes transmitted on the channel. After a review inspired by the Government White After discussion, the Council decided against Paper, the Council decided to reform Scotland's making representations on either of these matters. advisory bodies, winding up the Scottish Music Assuming that they become law, the practical Advisory Committee, the Gaelic Religious implications will have to be worked out as part of Sub -Committee, and the Piping Sub -Committee. the continuing dialogue between the BBC and S4C. The advisory committees to the four community The co- operation between the two organisations stations in Shetland, Orkney, Solway and Tweed from the outset has been an essential element in were dissolved but, with the help of the Council, S4C's success, and there is no reason to doubt that encouraged to form independent clubs styled this will continue. 'Friends of BBC Scotland'. The experience of a television service for Wales The National Governor, Watson Peat, retired in in the Welsh language has led to considerable

42 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Regional Broadcasting continued 7

pressure on the broadcasting organisations for more English sub -titles) also appeared in the channel's television programmes in English for Wales. While total audience top 10, an astonishing achievement. the Council recognises the depth of feeling on this The series Sioe Werin (The Folk Show), a unique subject and the concern felt for the long-term future blend of folk music and information about of Welsh identity in English, it is unable to offer antiques, was another to make an impact with S4C any hope of an increase. Nor has any practicable viewers, and the BBC-provided news programme Below left: 1996: proposal been made for providing a joint service in Newyddion benefited greatly from its joint futuristic police English analogous to that of S4C. presentation between Cardiff and Bangor and from investigation with The Council will continue to discuss this the increased contribution from the new facilities Keith Barron important issue and to participate in the public in Swansea. Below: Cardiff debate on it. Among the programmes made for the BBC Singer of the World: networks during the year were the futuristic thriller Russian baritone Television 1996, concerning an internal police investigation; a finiitri Hvorostrn sk\ Three major new series in English were introduced during the year. Time for Sport on Sunday mornings dealt with all major sporting events in Wales in a magazine format; together with the results programme Wales on Saturday, it ensured that BBC Wales continued to provide comprehensive coverage for an important section of the audience. Another essential service was strengthened when Farming in Wales began to be transmitted weekly for the first time. Produced in Bangor by the same unit as the popular Awyr lach (Fresh Air) series for S4C, it made innovative use of new technology and was received enthusiastically not only by the farming community in Wales, but by a much wider documentary series on Women in Politics; and two general audience. series on health matters, alcoholism and cancer. Wales in Westminster was the first regional The Cardiff Singer of the World for 1989 was Dimitri Parliamentary programme to be produced following Hvorostovsky, a bass singer from Russia who has the decision to allow television coverage of the already embarked on an impressive international House of Commons, giving a full account of political career. affairs from a Welsh perspective. BBC Wales also The most unusual experiment was a week of provided S4C with a weekly Parliamentary community television produced for residents in the programme, San Steffan, a task which faced some Cynon Valley in Mid -Glamorgan. An outside difficulties because of the linguistic aspects, but broadcast unit was installed at the leisure centre in which was tackled convincingly. Aberdare and two hours of programmes were The strength of the BBC contribution to S4C transmitted each evening, broadcast as BBC2 opt - was clearly demonstrated early in 1990 when its outs. There was unanimous praise for this special programmes consistently occupied nine or even 10 service in an area which has suffered considerable of the top 10 audience ratings. The most popular of industrial decline in the past decades. The these, the daily serial Pobol y Cwm (transmitted with community's new sense of identity and purpose was both demonstrated and re- inforced by this imaginative venture. Left: Pobol y Cwm: popular daily serial Radio made for S4C In November, Radio Cymru celebrated its 10th anniversary. The occasion was marked by a number of public events, by special programmes, and by the publication of a book of extracts from broadcasts of the past. Major changes were made in the programme schedules. A new weekday morning series, Heddiw (Today), brought a greater emphasis on news and current affairs - the joint presentation from Bangor

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 90 43 7 Regional Broadcasting continued

and Cardiff was greatly helped by means of an House, Belfast, in February 1990 marked the start internal teletext linking system devised by BBC on a development which will house a 6,500 sq ft Wales resource staff. The difficulty of attracting an television studio and office accommodation for audience to Radio Cymru in the middle of the production departments and support staff. It is due afternoon, following school programmes, was for completion in the early summer of 1991, when tackled by a new show featuring one of the most costly leases in several city premises will be popular Welsh broadcasters, Hywel Gwynfryn. terminated. The Broadcasting Council sees this And a new late -night series, Hwyrach, was development as a tangible expression of the BBC's introduced, consisting of a number of different commitment to public service broadcasting in shows on six nights a week, some made by Northern Ireland. independent producers. It is already clear that this The region's network of unattended radio series is reaching a new and enthusiastic audience. studios was extended to Armagh and will be During the year, audience figures for Radio followed by Ballymena, where suitable premises Wales reached an all -time high and the public have been acquired and installation work begun. perception was greatly strengthened. This was In April 1989, the Council was pleased to view achieved by means of a consolidation of the regular the new Studio 8 complex, which contains two sequence programmes and an enrichment of the identical self- operated studios, a talks studio, and a range of programmes. Particularly impressive were booth for FM transmissions. the quality and variety of features such as Long Headed Rats and Redundant Canaries and Stranger News and current affairs Things. Violence continued, with the murders of policemen, There was also a notable increase in programme - soldiers and civilians, and the IRA's continued making from different centres within Wales. The bombing campaign taking its toll on life and new arts programme, Firsthand, quickly established property. Two members of the region's staff faced a confident voice, while the commitment to en- a new hazard of threats to themselves and their couraging new writing in Wales was demonstrated families following their subpoena in the cases arising in the series Single Voices. Sir Harry Secombe out of the murder of two army corporals at delighted listeners with a series of readings from his Andersonstown in March 1988. A report by one of autobiography Arias and Raspberries. the region's journalists on apparent evidence of Radio Wales maintained its regular contribution collusion between some members of the security of individual features to Radio 4 and provided a forces and loyalist terrorists became a major news new Friday afternoon series, Tea Junction. story, with further allegations being brought and Contributions to Radio 2 included an extremely the eventual setting up of the Stephens enquiry. popular music series presented by Dennis O'Neill. 1989 saw the arrival of Peter Brooke as Secretary It was another busy year for the BBC Welsh of State, and much of Northern Ireland's political Symphony Orchestra. The highlights were two reporting centred on his thoughts on establishing a overseas tours, one to Amsterdam and Ghent (the framework for local political development. Anglo- Flanders Festival), the other to Spain. And there Irish issues continued to dominate and the thorny were three appearances at the Proms, as well as question of extradition took up substantial airtime. several concerts in the Royal Festival Hall. A A second year under the Government's contract was signed with Nimbus Records, which broadcasting restrictions came to an end, still has its headquarters in Gwent, for a series of creating dilemmas for journalists and throwing up recordings which will include music by Welsh new problems, but fair and accurate reporting was composers. maintained within the constraints. An electronic newsroom system (ENS) was The Council installed and offered significant operational During the year, the Council met at Cardiff, advantages, including links to Londonderry, Dublin Llandrindod Wells, Bangor and Swansea. Three and London. The region took advantage of the members retired at the end of 1989: Mrs Elan Closs timing of the scheme to carry out rebuilding works Stephens, Mr Hefin Davies and Councillor Tyssul in the radio current affairs production area, where Lewis. Welcomed as new members were Mrs Branwen the offices had remained largely unchanged for Jarvis, Mrs Jennifer Napier and Mr D.H.Davies. many years and were poorly suited to today's needs. In January 1990, coverage of the Andersonstown NORTHERN IRELAND events won a silver award at the New York Film A ceremony on the Blackstaff site near Broadcasting and Television Festival.

44 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 90 Regional Broadcasting continued

Television of the homeless resulted in donations and offers of Over the year, the region began to develop a range help which enabled BBC staff to organise Christmas of programmes relating more closely to the everyday dinners for 650 homeless people. concerns of the community and which reflected the The region continued to contribute music, more positive social and cultural aspects of life in drama, short stories, documentaries and editions of the Province. These included 29 Bedford Street, a Woman's Hour to Radios 3 and 4. Current issues monthly music and arts magazine; A Room with were examined and aspects of normal life in a View, for gardening enthusiasts; and regular Northern Ireland were reflected in the BBC's World coverage of events in Northern Ireland such as The Newtownards Air Show and The Ulster Motor Show. The region also maintained its commitment to specialist areas such as agriculture, religion, education and documentaries. Considerable controversy followed the screening of the first edition of a new live late -night programme called The Show - designed as an alternative to the traditional Saturday night chat programme - the satirical sketches in the mix of live band music and interviews offending a signifi- cant number of people. Certain adjustments were made and The Show has now found its audience and has just completed its second series. Service, and these opportunities were welcomed by Above left: Council. Sean Rafferty of Radio Ulster with Radio Foyle guests BBC Radio Foyle celebrated its 10th birthday in Above: 29 Bedford September, secure in the knowledge that in the Street: music and course of its first decade it had established itself as arts with John Kelly the most popular radio station in the north west. Council was pleased that the latest addition to the Left: Beyond the schedules was a programme about business in that Pale: with Prunella area. The Business Game, although aimed at a general Scales, Robert audience, has been welcomed by the business Lang and Ronald community. The station's latest contribution to Hines Radio Ulster is a series entitled Flashpoints. It examines the myths which have grown up around The Council congratulated television staff on major events in Irish history in the light of modern winning the BP arts journalism award with Playing historical research. Belfast; the Celtic Film and Television Festival award with Showbands; and the special feature Economy category at the San Francisco International Conscious of an ever -increasing need for economy, Television Festival with William Trevor's drama the region has been able to implement a scheme Beyond the Pale. which will allow significant savings to be made in the use of fuel and energy in its buildings. The BBC Radio has been partly able to defray the capital cost of the In September, Radio Ulster introduced new equipment with an energy grant from the Northern schedules, reflecting its commitment to Ireland Department of Economic Development. speech -based social action broadcasting. Break Out, a programme about disability presented by people The Council who are themselves disabled, and launched last year, During the year, the Broadcasting Council met in continued to develop. Get on Course pushed up Belfast and Londonderry. Dr Maurna Crozier, attendance at the Province's 27 colleges of further Sister Genevieve, Mr Bryan Johnston, and Mr education by between 10% and 30 %; a Debt Week Duncan Pollock retired. Mr Dennis Faulkner, Mrs persuaded hundreds of people to seek professional Mary McAleese, Mr Donagh O'Neill and Mrs Anne assistance; and a project which highlighted the plight Tannahill were appointed.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 45 7 Regional Broadcasting continued

Rosemary Kelly was appointed Secretary in were as successful as ever. The evergreen quiz A September, succeeding Virginia Hardy MBE, Question of Sport entered its 21st year and regularly who retired after 32 years' distinguished BBC continued to attract over 10 million viewers for service. BBC1. On the Line (BBC2) brought a current affairs approach to the sporting headlines and was ENGLISH REGIONS supplemented by extended specials such as Drugs, NORTH WEST Lies and Finishing Tape which prophetically Bi -media journalism, which enables staff in local examined drug abuse in sport on the eve of the radio and regional television to work in both, made Commonwealth Games. significant progress with the opening in October of A Question of Sport: a new computerised newsroom in Manchester for 21 years on screen GMR (Greater Manchester Radio) and regional TV magazine North West Tonight - which achieved a record 1.9 million audience in December and consistently outpaced its ITV rival. Regular feature strands, with a high level of viewer participation, supplemented the news coverage, and the environment campaign Clean Sweep won a special Civic Trust award; the BBC2 Friday opt -out provided a wide range of documentary, discussion and entertainment, including the real -life series Lovat Road, which in the autumn followed the lives of the inhabitants of a Preston street; and the new regional Parliamentary With the biggest outside broadcast fleet outside TV programme Northwestminster, which began in London, the region continued to provide coverage January 1990, quickly drew support from MPs. of darts, bowls and snooker for the networks, as BBC North West's four local radio stations well as technical support for many other sporting broadcast 18 hours a day with the help of a strand programmes. of shared programmes in the afternoon and evening, A highlight of the autumn on BBC2 was Eminent each station supplying its own hourly news bulletins Victorians, six film essays on leading figures of the and maintaining its distinctive local character with age such as Josephine Butler and Cardinal Newman, strong speech-based sequences. Radio Cumbria which gave novelist A.N.Wilson a striking proved itself 1989's most popular station in the television debut as writer and presenter. Open Air North of England, with an average weekly reach of (BBC1) returned for a fourth season, and the 40% - attracting more listeners than Radios 1 and 2 tradition of independent production was continued - and Radio Merseyside's coverage of the with further series of the futuristic comedy Red Hillsborough football disaster demonstrated the Dwarf (BBC2) and Hudson and Halls (BBC1), the station's identification with the feelings of the cookery entertainment programme. community. A significant contribution to youth The newsroom collaborated with BBC North programming on BBC2 was made with Reportage East on a special programme, After Hillsborough, in and the Rough Guides to cities series, and the prolific the wake of the tragedy. Children's Department output included the In Network Television, the BBC1 competition Saturday morning shows On the Waterfront and and series It's My City!, launched by the Prince of UP2U, the multi -faith Umbrella and the sports Wales in 1988, came to a climax in June with a live series Move It. gala awards show at the end of a week in which six The North West is the only region supplying documentaries showed the most imaginative programmes to all four radio networks and produces regeneration schemes in the short- listed cities more than 1,500 hours a year. It provides much of

(Glasgow, Belfast, Dundee, Sunderland, Liverpool the live concert music for Radio 1 as well as estab- and Leicester). Another major production, The Look lished strands such as The Chart Quiz and The Mike of Love, seen on BBC1 on New Year's Day, was a Read Collection; it makes specialist music pro- musical based on the songs of Burt Bacharach and grammes for Radio 2 (Paul Jones' Rhythm and Blues, Hal David, directed and choreographed by Gillian Nigel Ogden's The Organist Entertains), along with Lynne. comedy favourites like The Grumbleweeds; and The Travel Show and The Travel Show Guides through its regional orchestra, the BBC Philharmonic,

46 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Regional Broadcasting continued 7

Far left: Cat's Whiskers: Andy Crane presents radio's only entertainment programme for children Left: Red Dwarf - futuristic space comedy on BBC2 it contributes to Radio 3. economic prospects for the region in the single For Radio 4 during the year, the North West European Market. In November, the Portico Prize provided the massively popular Gardeners' Question for the best literary work set in or about the North Time (in its 42nd year) and The Gardening Quiz, West was awarded to Anthony Burgess for his novel further successful series of Conversation Piece and `Any Old Iron'. Round Britain Quiz and made a number of acclaimed contributions to Soundtrack. In Carry On Up the NORTH EAST 50s, Harry Thompson recalled some of the lighter Radio and television operations in Newcastle and social phenomena of that decade. Leeds were brought into a closer working File on 4, the flagship current affairs programme relationship, leading to a number of joint initiatives, made for the network, delivered incisive reports particularly in newsgathering. from all around the world and the team was Cameras are to be installed in local radio extended to form a special documentary unit to newsrooms at Humberside, Cleveland and Sheffield investigate major subjects from primary sources; to enhance the bi -media approach and these, the first such programme in December was The Zero together with additional inject points, will facilitate Option on the disposal of toxic waste. the fastest possible response to emerging news The Drama Department continued to be the stories. single biggest patron of new writing in the North, Regional television output was boosted in providing the network with over 40 single plays, January by the new Sunday Parliamentary series among them After Agincourt, which marked Bob North of Westminster, presented by Nigel Kay (also Hoskins' return to radio, My Mother Said I Never manager of Radio Sheffield). Should, the radio premiere of Charlotte Keatley's Both regional news magazines had a busy year. award -winner, and the classic serials V illette and Look North from Newcastle, which lost one of its Jim Davis. Waiting for Mrs Forbes won the Prix presenters, Tom Kilgour, who retired after 25 years Futura in Berlin. with the programme, covered a succession of major Cat's Whiskers, the only radio entertainment topics including the publication of the Butler -Sloss programme for children, began its third series with enquiry into the Cleveland child abuse controversy, a new presenter, Andy Crane, from BBC Children's the Monkseaton shootings, a fighter-plane crash Television. over the Tyne Valley and major environmental Manchester contributed strongly to all the issues relating to the burning of toxic waste and regular strands of religious programmes on Radios dumping in the North Sea. 2, 3 and 4 - Seeds of Faith, Prayer for the Day, Good Look North from Leeds covered the Hillsborough Morning Sunday and many more. disaster - for which Ian Young won the Royal BBC North West enhanced its presence in the Television Society news cameraman of the year region by involvement in a variety of community award - the Sheffield World Student Games and cultural events. Major exhibitions were controversy, the collision of two oil tankers off the mounted in Manchester, St Helens, Blackburn and coast of Humberside, and the complex local Windermere. In June, the Manchester Lecture was ramifications of the Salman Rushdie affair. delivered by Michael Heseltine MP on the All of these stories were given detailed coverage

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 47 7 Regional Broadcasting continued

by the region's six local radio stations as part of BBC North East's general emphasis on sharpening its journalism and improving its news and information services. Radio Leeds moved into a new all-electronic newsroom shared with television colleagues, and the newsroom and production offices at Radio Sheffield were fully renovated. A new shared evening service was launched in the summer, extending the stations' broadcasting hours to midnight, seven days a week, while allowing individual stations to opt out on medium wave for local sports coverage and for specialist ethnic minority programmes. Above right: Programme -making for Network Television The region's leading networked radio Everest: The continued to play a small but important role in the programmes, The Local Network on Radio 4 and Hardest Way - region. The Geordie accent returned in a powerful Listen to the Band on Radio 2, continued to win brave struggle to the new children's drama series Byker Grove, an healthy audiences each week. top by disabled independent production from Zenith North mainly Among the subjects given the light -heartedly John Hawkridge resourced by BBC Newcastle staff; two further quizzical Local Network treatment by David Clayton Below: Byker series totalling 40 programmes are now planned for and Neil Walker during the year were the effects of Grove: powerful the autumn of 1990 and 1991. The legendary fell - 1989's drought, house names, creches, time capsules, drama for children walker Alfred Wainwright went from St Bees Head and the rise of Britain's country and western in Cumbria across 190 miles of some of the North's cowboys. Around 40 different brass and military finest landscapes to Robin Hood's Bay in North bands were featured on Listen to the Band, the Yorkshire for Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk. highlight of which was a Christmas special attended Railway themes were developed in two by the `father' of the brass band movement, Harry programme strands during the summer - the Mortimer. independent series Awayday, in which celebrities Earlier in the year, 87- year -old Harry had such as Bernard Cribbins and Mike Harding achieved a lifetime's desire by conducting a brass - revisited their favourite railway lines; and, also from and- voices version of Handel's Messiah. The Newcastle, Michael Palin's witty review of the lost region's Network Radio team not only recorded art of the railway poster, The Art of Travel. the performance for Radio 2, but also created a Gardening interests were well represented by the documentary for Radio 4 about this remarkable Newcastle series The Allotment Show, attracting nearly three million viewers to BBC2 on hot July afternoons, and by the popular daytime phone -in Gardeners' Direct Line from Leeds, with its now regular series in the spring and late summer. A remarkable documentary, Everest: The Hardest Way, portrayed the struggle of disabled Bradford climber John Hawkridge to achieve a lifelong ambition to reach Mount Everest. Also from Leeds, The Home Front represented television's first in -depth look at the history and problems of 20th century British housing, seen through the eyes of architect Professor Patrick Nuttgens; and Tinniswood Country saw Peter Tinniswood return to the Northern cities which dominated his youth - Liverpool, Scarborough, Sale, Sheffield - in the Right: The Local company of the irrepressible Brandon family which Network: light- he created in the much -loved Seventies comedy hearted investi- series I Didn't Know You Cared. gations on Radio 4 A segment of the six -part The North Sea won the with David Clayton European Parliament prize at the Environmental and Neil Walker Film Festival in Lyons.

48 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Regional Broadcasting continued 7

and emotional achievement. Regional programmes concentrated on current Other notable programmes networked during affairs documentaries such as The Squad and the year included the musical documentaries Midlands Coal, as well as producing popular series Geraldo's Navy, A Beautiful Flower that Withered such as Biking Butler, a sequel to Birmingham and Died (about Judy Garland), and Christmas broadcaster Tony Butler's Boating Butler. Bursting through the Blackout - all on Radio 2. A six - The official opening by the Director-General of part locally written comedy series, The Blackburn the East Midlands Broadcasting Centre in Files, based on the adventures of a former South Nottingham marked another stage in the bringing Yorkshire coalminer turned private detective, was together of the region's radio and television heard on Radio 4. journalists. The introduction of a computer system linking newsrooms across the Midlands continued Below left: A boating BBC North East and North West regions were merged the process of collaboration among regional news Butler gets on his bike into BBC North under one head of broadcasting in staff, and a new fast -response vehicle made possible -a Midlands March 1990. live coverage of events from outside locations. regional TV Productions of Dostoyevsky's The Brothers programme MIDLANDS Karamazov and Ibsen's Pillars of Society were in the Below: First and It was BBC Midlands' strongest year in drama since region's strong tradition of radio drama. Lady Last: journey of Boys from the Blackstuff in 1982, with the Network Chatterley's Lover, read by Ian Hogg for Book at discovery with Joss Television Department producing Nice Work from Bedtime, also came from Pebble Mill and attracted Ackland David Lodge's own adaptation; First and Last, by and starring Joss Ackland; written Michael Frayn LANDS and The Man from the Pru, starring Jonathan Pryce END 1989 and Anna Massey. Over 500 networked television programmes NEW YORK year. SLES 28 came from Pebble Mill during the ONGSH,PS LIGHTHOUSE In addition, the Afro -Caribbean programmes unit continued its distinctive coverage of developments in southern Africa, with programmes such as Biko, Namibia - Stirring Sands, and South Africa Under the Skin. The Asian Programmes Unit reported on the Indian and Pakistan elections in Network East, presented the drama Tamas about partition, and produced two documentaries about the biggest film industry in the world, based on Bombay, The Bollywood Story. considerable attention. The Archers, with over seven The end of the 1980s was marked by Talk of the and a half million listeners, celebrated its 10,000th 80s, a series of 30 interviews with personalities who episode with a gala dinner at Pebble Mill and looked had made an impact on the decade, including forward to its 40th anniversary at the beginning of Sebastian Coe, Sir Clive Sinclair, Anita Roddick 1991. and Arthur Scargill. Documentaries included A The Princess Royal visited Pebble Mill to present Rose for Winter, an impression of Laurie Lee's the Radio 4 Enterprise awards. account of his return to Spain 15 years after the The opening of the Asian Network gave six hours Civil War, which won Spain's Golden Avocado of ethnic programming on Radio Leicester and award for its producer, John King; Silent Revolution, Radio WM on medium wave, and WM Heartlands two programmes examining the fundamental extended Radio WM's reach into the centre of changes in food production since the war; and Birmingham, helping the station to its highest I Want to Be Normal Again, a moving account of audience figures and overtaking its commercial two Parkinson's Disease sufferers undergoing rivals. experimental brain implant treatment. The opening in January of BBC CWR, serving A special performance of Mendelssohn's Coventry and Warwickshire, completed the chain oratorio, Elijah, given by the Birmingham of local radio stations in the Midlands. Radio Derby Symphony Orchestra to mark the city's centenary won a silver medal at the New York Radio Festival celebrations, was broadcast simultaneously on for its coverage of the MI aircrash. BBC2 and Radio 3 from the town hall, where the Management of local and Network Radio was work was first performed in 1846. brought under one head, Owen Bentley, with

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 ; 90 49 Regional Broadcasting continued

told the story of the environmental crisis facing Poland, the Medical Aid for Poland charity received an extra 60,000 in donations. A Nature special, Climate in Crisis, which dealt with global warming and the environmental threat facing the world, included an interview with the Prince of Wales. Another programme which provided great drama was Africawatch, the Bristol -based Natural New local radio History Unit's most ambitious live outside station BBC CWR: broadcast, which tracked the migration of the on air with wildebeest in the Masai Mara and was seen in four Anne Chinery and countries. Jim Lea Like all major natural history productions, Africawatch was made possible by extensive award -winning producer Peter Everett joining the co- production arrangements with other broad- Midlands team as Editor, Network Radio. casters. Land of the Eagle, an eight -part series on the natural history of North America which began SOUTH & WEST transmission in January, was a big, inspiring co- Christopher Patten, Secretary of State for the production with WNET of New York. Environment and MP for Bath, in January 1990 Survivors, which presented nature's view of the officially opened the new South & West head- world, and Lost Worlds, Vanished Lives, Sir David quarters building on the BBC's Whiteladies Road Attenborough's programme on fossils, were other site in Bristol. Paying tribute to BBC South & West major series. he said, `You exemplify one of the most important The children's programme, The Really Wild aspects of the BBC's history: the way in which it Show, won its third BAFTA award. both strengthens and represents our sense of Bristol's Television Features Department community'. delivered more than a dozen series to the networks, The new Broadcasting House includes an including the ever-popular Antiques Roadshow and important post-production centre which houses the Whicker's World; 10 x 10, which gave first -time film- latest film and videotape editing and dubbing Right: Africawatch: facilities and represents a major investment in migration of the Regional Broadcasting. wildebeest, filmed The region's local radio stations demonstrated by the Natural their involvement which their communities during History Unit the storms and flooding which struck at the turn of the year. All eight - including Wiltshire Sound, officially opened in April 1989 by the then Home Secretary, Douglas Hurd - delivered a sustained service of emergency and practical information when their listeners needed it most. Both the public and the emergency services expressed their gratitude. In quieter times, stations achieved some notable developments. Radio Devon moved into city centre studios in Plymouth and then used its medium -wave makers a chance to produce a programme; Notes in frequency to provide the city with a dedicated the Margin, which offered some personal reflections service. And Radio Bristol extended its opt -out on the Eighties; and Byline, which established itself service, Somerset Sound. as a series of personal documentaries. The Tony The region's new political programme Harrison Byline, a reflection in verse on the Salman Westminster South and West in January added a vital Rushdie affair, raised controversy; it was also dimension to the national televising of Parliament. nominated for a Prix Italia. Of the programmes made by the region for Television Victoriana again proved popular, network showing, the Nature series of specials, The with a reconstruction of The Victorian Kitchen. State of Europe, had a dramatic impact. After the On radio, Age to Age, the programme which first episode, presented by Michael Buerk, which relates the events of today to those of the past,

SO BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Regional Broadcasting continued 7

donated 27,000 in two days in response to an appeal. Later, Friday Report (the regional opt -out on BBC2) returned to Deal to report how the community was recovering from the outrage. In February, Friday Report won the Royal Television Society's award for the best regional current affairs programme with Condition Critical. Transmitted in the autumn of 1989, the film had given an early explanation of the issues behind the ambulance dispute which was to last more than five months. It was the second time in three years that the award went to the region: BBC East won in 1987 with Ruth's Story. Both early evening news magazines consolidated became an important and growing part of the their position during the year. A Saturday news and Above left: schedule. A revamped The Natural History sport service started from Elstree in November. Father Quinton: Programme and the Any Answers? phone -in Newsroom South East benefited from small studios subject of two programme grew in popularity. in Kent and Oxford and Look East was later able to programmes on The Network Radio Department produces some use a similar facility in Cambridge to improve BBC South West 850 programmes a year. Among its extensive serious coverage of the growing western part of BBC East's Above: Byline: music output were two specially commissioned editorial area. Norwich TV newsroom started to personal view from works, a string quartet by Elis Pehkonen and use the electronic news system which will soon be Enoch Powell in Rosanes Lieder by Patrick Piggott, a composer extended to the whole region. Moscow living in the region. The first broadcast performance In 1989, Norwich provided 30 single, half-hour of Rosanes Lieder by the Bournemouth Symphony programmes to the daytime network. Two major Orchestra in Bristol was a notable event. documentaries, A Family Apart, which dealt with a BBC South & West continued to invest in the Norfolk family facing up to a crippling disease, and future during the year. In Southampton, the new an Everyman special Going Home, the story of a building which will house Radio Solent and BBC Norwich couple who adopted two Colombian babies South was completed and its fitting-out has begun; and nine years later took them back to their roots, and work began on renovating and improving BBC were produced for BBC1 and 2. South West's studio and accommodation in In early 1990, Sue MacGregor of Radio 4's Today Plymouth. The region also launched its own training began presenting Around Westminster, the region's scheme for young journalists. new political programme from Elstree, which makes use of television pictures from the House of SOUTH & EAST Commons. As the storms of early 1990 battered Britain, BBC It was a year in which local radio staff appeared South & East's nine local radio stations from unexpected quarters. Radio Norfolk tackled implemented their well- rehearsed crisis the three East Anglian MEPs in Strasbourg and management schedules. Special news, travel and broadcast a three -hour live programme involving weather bulletins were broadcast as thousands of various European Community leaders and other homes were left without power, schools and UK MEPs in a two -way phone -in. Radio businesses closed early and rail commuters were left stranded. Everyman: Going Newsroom South East attracted a record audience Home - return to of nearly 2.5 million on a January night which saw Colombia for two its own Elstree studio windows shattered by the adopted children gales. In East Anglia the Look East audience peaked at almost one million as reporters and cameramen captured the scenes of devastation. Radio Suffolk's newsroom made its debut three months early to report events for television. The people of Kent used their local radio to air their feelings after the IRA bomb attack on the Royal Marines School of Music in Deal and

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989190 5I 7 Regional Broadcasting continued

controversial films: Summer of the Bomb, on why America used the atomic bomb on Japan; Fascist Legacy, a two -parter on atrocities allegedly corn - mitted by Italian forces; and, following the death of Hitler's deputy, Hess: An Edge of Conspiracy. Chronicle returned after an absence of four years, its offerings including The Skeletons of Spitalfield, The Portland Vase and Digging for Slaves. For the

bicentenary of the French Revolution , the region produced a number of BBC2 programmes including four dramatic monologues written by Peter Barnes, documentaries, the National Theatre of Brent's A Family Apart: in offbeat interpretation of events in France 200 years the shadow ofa ago, and live coverage of the Bastille Day celebration crippling disease - in Paris. the Willday family The South & East continued to be a major from Norfolk producer of quiz programmes: Mastermind, Going for Gold, Matchpoint, Turnabout, Four Square. Master Bedfordshire had a reporter in Hong Kong talking Chef is the latest addition to its output. to students from Bedford who had witnessed the Great Journeys saw famous travellers trekking Tiananmen Square massacre and Radios along the world's great highways. William Bedfordshire and Sussex accompanied relief Shawcross tried the Salt Road, Dame Naomi James convoys into post- Ceausescu Romania. crossed the South Pacific and Colin Thubron took The community help theme was continued by a China'a Silk Road. Edward Behr returned to China number of stations: BBC Essex launched a novel for the acclaimed Red Dynasty trilogy and, in the appeal to collect enough travel vouchers for one wake of Tiananmen Square, examined 50 years of seriously ill youngster to go to Disneyworld and Chinese history. The year also saw transmission of was able to send three. Radio Cambridgeshire set the first two series of Under the Sun, a major up Careline to deal with listeners' problems and anthropology strand commissioned for BBC2, and received 5,000 calls in 12 months. Radio Sussex of the South & East's first major independent produced major programme series on issues of production, the highly praised series Midas Touch, particular relevance to the county and Radio in which Anthony Sampson gave a world financial Oxford and Radio Northampton continued to give overview. active support to local music and young musicians Timewatch: Fascist - Northampton with its busaries and gala concert Legacy - two -part and Oxford as co- promoter of the annual Oxford special on alleged Music Festival and Young Musicians' Platform. wartime atrocities Radio Suffolk, which opened in April 1990, was the first of the region's local radio stations to begin broadcasting on FM only. A station covering Surrey and Berkshire will follow - building work is well under way at both Guildford and Reading. Out of local radio came the region's small but growing Network Radio Unit and such programmes as Roy's Recipes (Radio 2) and My Dear Jamal (Radio 4), along with features on Joe Loss and the boxer Freddie Mills. Leading politicians featured in the region's growing Network Television output. A Timewatch special, Night of the Long Knives, paralleled the Prime Minister's cabinet reshuffle with that of her predecessor, Harold Macmillan; and, from the opposite side of the political spectrum, examined the career of Denis Healey: The Man Who Did the Dirty Work. Timewatch also produced a number of

52 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Regional Broadcasting continued 7

Local radio strengthens its base Nearly 10 million people in England tune to BBC were able to hear the external Hindi service local radio stations every week, attracted to a evening news sequence; later in the month, service that is distinctively speech -based and listeners to Radio WM were able to tune to the increasingly so under a new charter laid down in Urdu service. Both stations are also now carrying early 1990. a range of other programme material from the Nowhere is that more vividly demonstrated Hindi, Urdu and Bengali services, including than in Northern Ireland, where Radio Foyle - specialist weekly programmes on sport, culture, voted local station of the year in the 1990 Sony science and medicine, as well as programmes for awards - has spoken to a divided community for children. 10 years. But there are many other examples - The venture meets a long- expressed wish by Radio Kent's appeal for the victims of the Deal Asians in Britain to have access to a comprehensive bombing in the autumn of 1989, or the service news service which the BBC's external virtually all stations gave during the gales and broadcasters provide for audiences in the floods of early 1990 when public transport was sub -continent. unpredictable, roads were blocked and schools The BBC's first LR station, Radio Leicester, closed. opened in 1967. Radio Dorset, the 39th station on There are many ways in which local radio shows air, will complete the long- planned chain, giving Far left: its commitment to its communities. Radio 90% of the population in England access to BBC BBC Hereford & Sheffield's hypothermia helpline, for instance, local output. Worcester's Jane established over the last few winters, has proved Audience research indicates that BBC local Garvey receives her so successful that Sheffield City Council has taken radio continues to be among the most listened -to Sony award for best over the project and appointed a co- ordinator, radio services. In a four -week period in August, breakfast show from while still using the station's airwaves to impart Radios Guernsey and Jersey were heard by at least Mike Smith the information. Radio York's blood donor project two- thirds of their respective island's population. Below left: Radio won a broadcasting industry award. Radio On the mainland the most popular stations, Radios Cambridgeshire Humberside's integrated campaigns to encourage Cornwall and Northampton reached 50 %, with reporter joins forces people to take up learning opportunities or set up Cumbria and Lincolnshire hitting 41% and Norfolk with the police to their own businesses brought the Open College 39 %. produce a `Driver four times the response to certain courses But as a result of the Broadcasting Bill, dozens, Survival' tape previously experienced. even hundreds, of new local commercial stations Below: BBC And local radio broke new ground in ethnic are likely to spring up in the coming years, creating Somerset Sound broadcasting when two stations for the first time more and more competition for audiences -which reporter captures a embraced 'mother tongue' output from BBC BBC local radio will meet by being clear about its quick word with World Service. function and by being increasingly relevant to the a pilot from From 17 October, listeners to Radio Leicester communities in which it is rooted. RNAS Yeovilton

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 53 8 World Service

International Broadcasting and Audience Research - April 1990 4' a 0

South Asia 53 million

o

North America. C. ibbean and Australasiá I million <

Far East 3 million

These are only estimates based on available research. Some major countries are not included in the merita 2 million estimates - Burma, China, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Somalia, Cuba and Iran. Some of the figures are in reality likely to be a lot higher, especially in the BBC World Service Global regular' audience in any language 120 million adults

Far East Regular means listening at least once a week

During his visit to Britain in March, Vaclav Havel, Ayatollah Khomeini, the Polish Communist Party's President of Czechoslovakia, told a group of BBC loss of office, and a disastrous explosion on the World Service broadcasters how grateful his trans -Siberian railway. country was for the 50 years of solid, reliable and authoritative programmes of the Czechoslovak Eastern Europe section. `It is very important that these broadcasts The BBC has broadcast to the countries of Eastern continue as part of Czechoslovakia's change to Europe since 1939 and to the Soviet Union since democracy,' he said. 1947. Despite periods of jamming, audiences have On the other side of the world, students always been substantial and listeners in the Soviet struggling for democracy in China in mid -1989 Bloc have trusted the London voice for its truth waved banners one of which was inscribed: `Thank and its accuracy. Among the leaders of the you BBC'. democracy movements were many faithful listeners The tributes highlight the part the World Service to the BBC. helped play in the two ferments of people-power The democratic awakening in East Germany that rose up in the year. caused many more people to tune to the German All 37 language services, the newsroom, BBC language service, which broadcast a link -up with a Monitoring and the support departments were leading member of the vanguard New Forum, Jens stretched. Monitoring, at Caversham, was the first Reich. Studio guests in Berlin and London par- to catch the events as they broke. News re- inforced ticipated in a new series of monthly discussions, its teams in the field and the broadcasters and in March an exhibition of the service's work restructured schedules and worked many extra was shown for the first time in East Germany. And hours to bring the momentous happenings to their correspondence increased significantly. audiences. As always during crises, listening Vaclav Havel's play Redevelopment went out increased sharply. in English when the president -to-be was in the On a single, astonishing day in June, the English thick of things in Prague. The Czech service schedule was rearranged to take a series of special produced a programme based on his drama Slum news programmes covering not only the crushing Clearance when he was in jail and, two days after of the uprising in China, but also the death of his release, interviewed him by telephone. In

54 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 World Service continued

2,500 International Broadcasting and Audience Research - April 1990

2,000

i , 500-

1,000

500

_.... V _ - - - - I------o - - - .o .o .o CO ln V CO VI V CO N V CO ln V CO tI, V ,O V CO .o .o .o .o 0 0 .o ó ó ó ó ó ó .mo 0 ri0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ó o o USA USSR China West BBC Egypt North East India Germany Korea Germany External broadcasting Estimated programme hours per week of some external broadcasters All figures at December January 1990, the head of the service was able to the first Western correspondents to get into visit President Havel in Prague Castle. Bucharest as the Ceausescu dictatorship The Hungarian service in June reported the crumbled, he spent three weeks in the country, reburial of Imre Nagy - Prime Minister during during which he filed 75 news despatches as well the 1956 revolution - and from September it as countless interviews and packages. focused on the start of the East German exodus The newsroom was quick to spot the through Hungary. After the dramatic breach of Romanian story developing - the trouble in the Berlin Wall in early November, it briefed its Timisoara was leading bulletins before any news audience on world reaction - including the agency copy had arrived; and the response to the comments from Hungary's disgruntled West upheavals in other areas of Eastern Europe was German neighbours. The Transylvanian equally effective. Again, the role of correspon- dimension meant that the Romanian revolution dents was vital. Misha Glenny, who became Central was a far-reaching story, with much material first Europe Correspondent only in April, provided available from Hungarian sources. particularly authoritative and comprehensive By December, the process of democratisation coverage from Prague, and Ben Bradshaw in Berlin sweeping through what had been Communist - another spring appointment - delivered a constant Europe appeared irreversible, and a new flow of graphic and weighty reports. Sallie Ecroyd magazine launched in Hungary included in its in Budapest and Jim Fish in Belgrade more than first issue transcripts from the BBC Hungarian proved the worth of their new posts. service programme The Westminster Model, An English service series, The Flight from which explained the British system of Communism, emphasised the significance of events Parliamentary democracy. in Eastern Europe. When the Romanian revolution erupted in When the World Service opened an exhibition December, Mark Brayne -a key figure earlier in in Warsaw, the change which had occurred over a the month when a World Service team went to decade was clearly emphasised - in 1979 a similar Malta for the Bush-Gorbachev summit, and at one was cancelled by nervous Polish authorities, on the Commonwealth summit in Kuala Lumpur in the eve of the opening. The exhibition ran for a the autumn - was quickly on the spot. One of fortnight at the Dziekanka Gallery and then went to

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 55 8 World Service continued

Krakow, Wroclaw, Poznan, Lodz, Gdansk and journalists from Hungary. Lublin. On 5 February 1990, Poland's Radio III started China live broadcasts of the two BBC early morning Polish While the democratic revolution in Eastern Europe news broadcasts, and Polish Radio began rebroad- achieved many of its aims, the attempt in China casting the main Polish evening news and current met savage repression. affairs programme in the spring. The scenes in Tiananmen Square were covered A dramatic moment occurred in the first by a team that combined journalistic skills, Bulgarian transmission after the overthrow of specialist knowledge and exceptional stamina - Todor Zhivkov. In a telephone call, a leading most notably, the current Peking correspondent, dissident member of the Communist Party, James Miles, his predecessor Mark Brayne (now Academician Sheludko, said he had first heard the the World Service Diplomatic Correspondent), news on the BBC and, in a voice shaking with Tim Luard and Simon Long. emotion, added that his reaction had been `tears, The opening of the Hong Kong relay station in tears of joy'. 1988 meant that a strong BBC signal was reaching In an interview, the Bulgarian Prime Minister Right: World Andrei Lukanov said: 'I have a high esteem for Service Diplomatic your programmes. Even if my personal views and Correspondent opinions do not always coincide 100% with those Mark Brayne talks put out by you, I still think that you are the most to students in objective, and certainly more objective than our Tiananmen Square own domestic media'. Perhaps the most striking tribute to the Russian service's continuing effectiveness was the dramatic increase in the number of letters received - up more than three times on 1988. The service's disc jockey, Sam Yossman, was again confirmed as one of its most popular personalities and during the year presented a special programme, which featured members of British pop groups, in support of the northern China and providing many more listeners Armenian earthquake appeal. to the Chinese service. An additional 30-minute The opening up of previously closed societies transmission was added the day after the 4 June did not lessen the hunger for BBC broadcasts: in massacre. The Chinese authorities started to jam Eastern Europe generally the demand for reliable, BBC broadcasts, but with limited success. objective information is, if anything, greater than A six -part series, The Chinese People Stand Up, during the past 40 years. In February The Spectator' set the events in Peking in the vivid context of the wrote: 'There is a huge need for popular re- education history of China since the communist take -over of here, much greater than that which faced the Allies power. Made in collaboration with Radio 4, it was in Germany after the war. Far from being wound presented by Elizabeth Wright, a diplomat in Peking down, the external services of the BBC and their during the Cultural Revolution, who now runs the sister services (Radio Free Europe, Deutsche Welle, World Service's Chinese section. etc) should be extended and funded more generously Before the crackdown in the People's Republic, than ever before.' the Chinese service's postbag had been 40,000 a The World Service was quick to respond to the year, but 14,000 fewer letters came in 1989 -90. immediate need to provide training for journalists from Eastern Europe. Language services Drawing on the 'know -how' fund provided by In Latin America, drugs, debt and the environment the British Government, the first batch of 36 broad- set the agenda for BBC broadcasts in Spanish and casters came to Britain from Poland to study the Portuguese, and Brazil's presidential candidates techniques of reporting pluralistic societies. discussed them in a widely publicised link -up Welcoming the scheme, the Polish Prime Minister between Radio Nova Eldorado in São Paulo and Tadeusz Mazowiecki (himself a former regular the Brazilian service in London, marking Brazil's contributor to the BBC Polish service) said: 'What first direct elections in 30 years. we need in Poland is the BBC style of journalism.' For the Spanish American service, Anglo- Similar training courses are envisaged for Argentine relations continued to be a running story,

56 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 World Service continued 8

culminating in a televised radio link -up between Britain and Iran following Khomeini's call for the London and Buenos Aires. Journalists and death of the author Salman Rushdie, left the BBC academics in the Bush House studio took part in an Persian service as one of the few means of direct hour-long debate with Argentine politicians communication between Britain and Iran. The including Nicanor Costa Mendez, Argentina's implications for Iran and for the world of the foreign minister during the Falklands conflict. Ayatollah's death were matters of wide interest and Radio America of Buenos Aires linked up in turn the service contributed its expertise to the reporting with Cablevision TV which networked the and analysis of them, in the BBC and outside. programme throughout Argentina. In Afghanistan, in the aftermath of the The release of Nelson Mandela was a major item withdrawal of Soviet forces - and most Western for all World Service languages, but for the African embassies - Lyse Doucet continued to report for service it meant the most comprehensive coverage of a single event ever attempted. Staff volunteered `Focus on Africa' to work overtime and five hours of live programming magazine: in Hausa, Somali, Swahili and English covered the published to mark event, reaction to it and analysis of its significance. the African service's A feature programme compiled from Mandela's 50th anniversary prison letters was given a Peabody award in the United States. The new transmitters on the Seychelles and on Ascension Island improved audibility considerably: there was evidence from grateful listeners and correspondence to the Swahili service doubled. The BBC local `stringer' in Kampala, Hussein Abdi, was arrested and imprisoned because his reports upset the Ugandan authorities. Listening throughout the African continent continued to grow. Independent surveys found, for instance, that the audience in Nigeria had risen to 8.6 million in Hausa and 7.2 million in English. A special magazine, `Focus on Africa', was pub- lished to mark the African service's 50th anniversary and, after research had shown that the BBC was not as well known in South Africa as in the rest of the continent, went on sale in the Republic. A mailshot of the magazine was sent to all radio and television dealers, as well as to prominent people. In Africa as a whole, both the Portuguese and the BBC from Kabul. The Pashto service carried a French services continued to attract attention from, live interview with President Najibullah in May. and interviews with, leading personalities. The Journalists and aid workers continued to testify French service started its own Topical Tapes to the effectiveness of the Pashto and Persian operation for African radio customers. services in reaching audiences in Afghanistan, both Leaders throughout the Arab world continued in government- and mujahideen -controlled areas. A to be regular patrons of the Arabic service, among special bilingual transmission of an hour a week in them King Hussein of Jordan, Sheikh Hamad of the Persian and Pashto was started in November to United Arab Emirates and Sheikh Khalifa, the broadcast material of practical, humanitarian and Crown Prince of Abu -Dhabi. During the year, the educational interest to refugees and displaced service spread its influence, with the Arab Network persons from Afghanistan. Also in November, the of America taking material which is being Pashto service's reporter in Peshawar, Hamid Elmi, rebroadcast by a station in the Washington DC was the first to draw the attention of the inter- area. national agencies to a group of 3,000 Afghans who The death of Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran, and had arrived otherwise unnoticed in Pakistan. the defeat of Rajiv Gandhi in India, demanded During the Indian election campaign in intensive coverage. November 1989, the Hindi service broadcast an The rupture of diplomatic relations between extra 30 minutes a day; the BBC's correspondents

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989190 57 World Service continued

Mark Tully and Satish Jacob were joined by growing international importance of these subjects journalists from the World Service, reporting both was recognised by the decision to run the successful in English and directly in Hindi and Urdu, helping series Global Concern and Health Matters all the to give the campaign coverage a sharp edge. After year. Our Common Future was a worldwide the defeat of Rajiv Gandhi's ruling Congress Party, broadcast to raise global awareness of environ- some of his supporters were inclined to blame what mental issues. was called the BBC factor' for their defeat, but the The annual season of plays, Globe Theatre, former prime minister was not among them. produced jointly with the domestic Radio Drama The Burmese service remained under constant department, scored some notable successes in its attack in Burmese official media. The lawyer U Nay fourth season, with commissions from modern Min, who had been arrested and detained a year for playwrights all over the world. A drama competition having allegedly passed false information to the attracted a vastly varied and exciting crop of more BBC, was sentenced by a military court in October than 900 scripts from 95 countries; the winning play, to 14 years' hard labour. Despite the heavy Truckin' Maggie by American Diane Ney, and the restrictions on reporting and the absence of a BBC entries of the two runners -up were broadcast. stringer in Rangoon, the evidence continued to Official biographer Martin Gilbert featured in a indicate sustained listening to BBC output. Right: Penelope From Sri Lanka, the BBC's correspondent Chris Wilton and Martin Nuttall, working in harrowing conditions, reported Jarvis star in for the English and Tamil services on the civil conflict Redevelopment by which has given the country one of the highest V aclav Havel - regular death tolls of any in the world. From March part of the 1990, the BBC was authorised to resume a weekly Globe Theatre 30- minute live broadcast to Sri Lanka in Sinhala, series restoring a language service which had been discontinued for reasons of economy in 1976. A number of special programmes marked the 40th anniversary of the Indonesian service, including a series of features which showed how domestic BBC radio during 1945 -50 reported Indonesia's struggle for independence. A video about the series was shown at prime time on Indonesia's national TV network. 10 -part series, Churchill at War, broadcast to World Service English coincide with the 50th anniversary of the outbreak The World Service in English mounted a series of of the Second World War, while three programmes programmes to mark the bicentenary of the French analysed The Lives of Joseph Stalin. More con- Revolution, centred on Hurrah for Revolution! temporary political figures were the subject of Revolutionary change was the theme of two other Leaders and Leadership, a series in which Geoffrey related series, Khomeini's Children and What Do Stern talked to prominent politicians, among them Muslims Believe ?, which both sought to bring about Helmut Schmidt, the former West German a better understanding of the Iranian revolution chancellor; Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of and the worldwide Islamic revival. Singapore; and Edward Heath. Benazir Bhutto, Newshour, the current affairs flagship, continued Prime Minister of Pakistan, attracted the greatest to do well. Audience research indicated it was number of calls in the World Service phone -in series attracting more listeners and holding their attention It's Your World. for longer. An extended edition of Twenty Four A programme to mark Ten Years of Mrs Thatcher Hours was launched on Sundays. included an exclusive interview with the British The corner of the output devoted to develop- Prime Minister who listens to, as well as appears ments in the United Kingdom, News About Britain, on, World Service. Mrs Thatcher was visiting was broadcast from locations around the country - Austria when the Thames pleasure boat, the Glasgow, Birmingham and Belfast. Marchioness, sank in August 1989 with heavy loss In February, the focus was on health, and in of life. Civil servants phoned her urgently with the March on the environment, with related series of news, to discover that she had heard it already on phone -ins and other special programmes. The the World Service.

58 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 World Service continued 8

successful TV cartoon series Muzzy in Gondoland Above: Helmut was screened from February 1990; in Romania, Schmidt talks to Follow Me was broadcast. Geoffrey Stern for In India, a major new radio series, Tiger's Eye, the Leaders and was prepared. In Japan, the basic English text book Leadership series BBC 648 `BBC Beginners' English' became well established Left: Pakistan's The pioneering and unique trilingual stream, with young adults. Prime Minister BBC 648, which serves north west Europe in three The department's interactive videodisc co- Benazir Bhutto languages - English, French and German - con- production with IBM and Vektor, The European takes part in the solidated its hold on a growing audience. Connection, was launched in Germany and versions live international BBC 648 was developed with more news in Swedish and French are in preparation. phone -in series summaries in the three languages, an early morning An important step towards closer contact with It's Your World review of the British press focusing on European Europe was made by appointing a BBC English subjects, and a scheme to promote schools links in representative in Italy to work with teachers and different countries, in association with leading learners, ensuring effective use of radio, video and educational bodies. audio materials. The German service took full advantage of the Once again the department was successful at the potential of 648. In May, listeners were able to put Duke of Edinburgh's language competition, questions to Franz Andriessen, European Commis- organised by the English Speaking Union, with sioner for External Affairs; and a November phone- prizes for The Carsat Crisis, a video course for in brought together the Federal Republic's science, and The Lost Secret, a video course for Ambassador to Britain, Baron Hermann von young adult learners. Richthofen, and Britain's Ambassador in Bonn, Sir Christopher Mallaby. Berlin was linked with Transcription London in a special bilingual discussion programme BBC Transcription continued its worldwide the weekend after the Berlin Wall was breached. diffusion of programmes and development of revenue, exploiting markets which for the first time BBC English contributed over 1 million towards operating The worldwide growing demand to learn English - costs. the key to so many jobs - meant BBC English had Japan continued to be the fastest growth area, full production schedules. It was a particularly where the demand for English programming is active year in Eastern Europe, with a major increasing rapidly as more commercial stations and conference organised in Budapest in conjunction networks start up. FM Tokyo renewed its rock with the British Council. Efforts were made to meet music agreement and also took several serious the needs of learners, and in the USSR the highly music programmes.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989190 59 8 World Service continued

bulletins. In Portugal, a survey showed an audience of some 400,000 for the late -evening half-hour which is relayed across the country on FM by an independent network. 'The German service increased its audience significantly by signing a new distributor, its material going to over 60 commercial stations in West Germany, and by having its programmes fed into the cable networks of Hanover and Vienna. In Finland, World Service was rebroadcast by 17 stations: 37 hours on FM, 50 hours on cable. The daily news and current affairs coverage was particularly appreciated by Finnish audiences during a journalists' strike on Finnish national radio and television and, over Christmas, during the Romanian uprising, when Finnish broadcasters cancelled news programmes on television for 48 hours and on radio for over 24 hours. Daily rebroadcasting of the Yugoslav service BBC English The rock music category flourished in the USA began on two stations in Slovenia. launches under the care of Westwood One Radio Networks The Greek service was rebroadcast by FM The European which also undertook distribution in Canada. stations and by Greek National Radio, but also Connection: the Serious music distribution in America was provided programmes on tape to a number of these first interactive increasingly competitive, with the syndication of stations. In Australia, the BBC was heard via a videodisc course orchestras competing for airtime, but WFMT satellite link for Sydney and programmes became teaching business Chicago continued to be successful with BBC available to all five major cities and their networks. English serious music packages. WFMT also gained a English broadcasts were placed on a cable considerable audience for other syndicated pro- network in Tokyo; four stations took material in grammes such as My Word and My Music, now Japanese. In the United States, World Service firm favourites in over 70 US stations. became potentially available in 44 million cabled The Radio 1 series McCartney on McCartney homes via C -Span. enjoyed great success, reaching huge audiences in The substantial Asian community in Britain 46 countries and getting network broadcasts in the welcomed being able to hear broadcasts in their USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Coverage own languages when BBC local radio stations in of the main British music festivals continued with the Midlands began to take feeds from the World concerts from Bath, Aldeburgh and Edinburgh and Service in Hindi, Urdu and Bengali. the biggest-ever release of some 24 hours of Proms concerts. Audience research As well as producing the regular nine weekly and Events in Eastern Europe and the USSR presented two monthly programmes, Topical Tapes offers exciting new opportunities for measuring audiences special programmes and series to its subscriber radio in the field, and random sample surveys were stations, syndicators and satellite distributors in undertaken in Lithuania, Estonia, Yugoslavia, over 50 countries. One series, Europe 92 - The Silent Hungary and Poland, which gave much -needed Revolution, examined the creation of the European feedback on listening habits in a time of change. Single Market. A new Topical Tape, Health Watch, But if the disappearance of information was launched and material for the English- language monopolies in time lessens the audience for teaching market achieved greater recognition and international output, rebroadcasting - the supply acquired major European distributors. of broadcasts to radio stations, usually via satellite, which then place them on their own airtime - can Rebroadcasting be a way of expanding them again. Five years ago, A feature of the year was a marked increase in the BBC audience for Portuguese was thought to be rebroadcasting. less than 1% of the adult population; since Arrangements with national networks and rebroadcasting was started, the combined audience individual stations took to 75 the tally of French for the BBC on short wave and on Portuguese radio FM stations taking BBC French service news has risen to almost 7 %.

60 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 World Service continued 8

In the Indian sub-continent, where information on the audience was mostly out of date, a national survey in Bangladesh showed the BBC to be almost as popular as All India Radio and dominating other international broadcasters, with more than eight million adults listening in Bengali at least once a week. A survey in Uttar Pradesh and Delhi again showed the BBC as the most popular international broadcaster in both Hindi and English. 1989 saw a record mailbag for the World Service, with well over half a million letters. Almost a fifth came from Burma (which receives the BBC in Burmese for a mere 71 hours a week). The largest increase was in mail from the USSR, up four times on the previous year.

Monitoring In a year of breathtaking international occurrences, BBC Monitoring at Caversham provided exclusive after exclusive, from China to the USSR. As the the nerve centre of the broadcasting operation, was The Duke of Kent post -war settlement in Eastern Europe collapsed completed and training for it began. The switching visits BBC and new parliaments and even new governments equipment, governed by computer, permits much Monitoring's new were set up, proceedings in many countries began greater flexibility for programme- makers. listening room to be broadcast in great detail, meaning a huge increase in work for monitors. Resources Coping with this upsurge in information was Britain spends less per thousand audience than any made easier when a new computer system, one of of its competitors in international broadcasting yet, the most sophisticated in the world, and a new from the evidence, provides the best menu of news, listening room to replace the one that had been in comment and entertainment that is available in the use since 1943, came into service. The new wing at global radio showcase. Caversham which houses them was opened by the A new budget system pioneered by World Duke of Kent in February 1990. Service is designed to shift resources from the fringe The upheavals in Eastern Europe have led to an departments to the central broadcasting core and increasing number of commercial organisations Value for Money scrutinies are ensuring that every buying information from BBC Monitoring; the new pound is used to full effect. computer has aided the development of tailored Six joint studies were completed during the year packages which augment revenue. involving line managers working in conjunction with external management consultants. These Engineering covered the Russian and the Latin American BBC engineers continued to make World Service services, Premises Administration Departmental transmission signals clearer and stronger. Organisation, Capital Project Management, Inter- The relay station on Ascension Island was national Broadcasting and Audience Research, enhanced with a pair of powerful 250 kW trans- and Transcription. In addition, a review of the mitters and work continued on a new 100 kW effectiveness and lessons learned from previous medium -wave sender in Lesotho, which will beam Value for Money scrutinies was undertaken the BBC into South Africa. internally, confirming that improvements in The complex of transmitters in Cumbria, performance were achieved; that underlying Skelton B, which had been on air since 1943, finally problems identified in the reviews were solved; and closed down; a new complex, Skelton C, will replace any wider lessons for other parts of World Service it. There was progress at Rampisham, Dorset, where learned. two 500 kW transmitters will replace the last 100 It is now planned to provide resources that kW models, completing a major project which will will enable managers to continue with Value for have put 10 500 kW transmitters on the site by the Money scrutinies as part of their normal in -house end of 1990. management activity. Partly to assist with this, some At Bush House, a replacement control room, 30 senior managers in the resources disciplines

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 61 8 World Service continued

completed an intensive training course organised the task of marketing and distributing the service by the London Management Centre, with the co- under contract with the BBC. operation of the Treasury's Central Unit on In March 1990, the BBC announced that it had Purchasing. reached outline agreement with the international At an operational level, further progress was news picture agency Visnews. The World Service is made with market testing the provision of in -house proposing to broadcast by satellite three 30-minute services. Although this exercise led to a significant programmes a day using material from Visnews, reduction in posts and a number of redundancies, a the American group NBC and BBC Television. constructive attitude was adopted by BETA, the staff union involved. The negotiations resulted in The future the elimination of residual demarcations between To prepare for the new triennium which begins in different categories of House Services staff. April 1991, a special team was set up to prepare the World Service case for funding the future - for the Financial problems next three year period and then for the next decade The World Service is funded in three -yearly periods - and it undertook an examination of every aspect based on forecasts that have to be made several of Bush House's work. Staffing, renumeration, years ahead. As with other publicly funded bodies, efficiency, effectiveness, broadcasting oppor- inflation proved a major problem in 1989 -90, the tunities, untapped audiences, the possibilities middle year of the triennium, far outstripping offered by new technology and many other ideas the provision made by the Treasury which was were explored. in any case less than that sought by the World The results have been presented to the Foreign Service. Office and form the BBC's case for the World The resultant shortfall during the year was met Service and for the level of funding which is by economies within World Service, but with required if the United Kingdom is to continue to inflation continuing at a high level, the gap in the have the world's most trusted, most influential and third year could only have been bridged by savage most listened to international broadcasting service. cuts in the prescribed output. The interim solution reached with the FCO and Treasury was the

` virement' of some £5 million from capital to operating costs. This entailed the postponement of a number of projects, though the most vital, such as redevelopment at the Skelton transmitter site, were kept to plan. The Foreign Affairs Committee showed itself sympathetic to the World Service's plight, publishing a report in July which asked the Government to help with the problem of the rent of Bush House and to look at ways of safe -guarding the grant -in -aid by providing a mechanism to correct the losses caused by inflation.

World Service television In February, BBC Chairman Marmaduke Hussey urged the Government to consider again the question of extra investment to fund a BBC World television news Service. `Surely the time has come to add images to the existing armoury of the World Service,' he said. Since the Government last declined to fund such a service, in March 1988, the BBC has undertaken a joint study with a leading merchant bank, J. Henry Schroder Wagg, on ways of getting the project off the ground commercially. Schroders has been asked to raise the necessary 10 million launch capital for a sales and distribution company which will have

62 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 World Service continued 8

BBC World Service and other major international broadcasters The table shows the hours in which the BBC broadcasts weekly, compared with the six countries which have the largest total output. These countries broadcast in other languages which the BBC does not. The two giants, USSR and USA, broadcast in 80 and 49 languages respectively. (Figures have been rounded to the nearest whole hour.)

West North BBC USA USSR China Germany Egypt Korea

English (world -wide) 205 387 310 130 82 54 64 Services to West & South Europe: French 12 92 32 5 9 23 German 21 69 18 335 7 12 Portuguese 12 - 14 11 6 - - Bulgarian 13 73 14 7 18 Greek 12 4 21 - 6 Romanian 18 113 35 7 18 Serbo-Croat 11 9 21 11 17 Slovene 6 4 4 - 5 Turkish 12 7 21 7 12 7 Services to East & Central Europe: Finnish 9 - 14 - Czech/Slovak 21 167 25 7 24 Hungarian 18 144 14 11 14 Polish 27 180 70 7 18 Russian 46 280 185 84 35 23 Services to Africa: French 23 33 91 28 24 14 23 Portuguese 12 11 14 7 8 Hausa 9 5 21 7 12 14 Somali 7 - 7 - 7 Swahili 9 5 21 11 20 14 Arabic Service 63 67 74 21 35 223 23 Services to South Asia: Bengali 9 14 16 7 6 7 Burmese 8 11 11 11 Hindi 14 14 18 14 5 7 Nepali 2 7 7 - - Pashto 8 21 28 7 6 7 Persian 13 25 56 11 12 14 Sinhala 1 - 7 7 - Tamil 3 - 7 7 - Urdu 10 14 21 7 5 11 Services to Far East: Chinese (Cantonese) 5 7 21 53 - - Chinese (Mandarin) 21 53 158 576 9 - 29 Indonesian 11 21 21 21 12 11 - Japanese 7 - 35 46 6 - 64 Malay 2 7 14 7 Thai 7 - 7 14 7 Vietnamese 9 14 21 84 - Services to Latin America: Brazilian 9 7 25 14 16 9 - Spanish 32 184 103 28 25 9 29

International Broadcasting & Audience Research -March 1990

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 63 9 Religion

Television of about six million. The image is perhaps cosy and The newly established pattern of year -round familiar, but that belies the reality of a programme documentaries on BBC1, alternating between that reflected Archbishop Tutu's mission to Everyman and Heart of the Matter, produced a wealth Birmingham, the work of the Church Urban Fund of good viewing and high audience appreciation. and the National Children's Home, and broadcast The breadth of subjects was wide and programmes movingly from Johannesburg - the first BBC always tried to get at issues relating to values, programme to be made there for some years. meaning and truth -a difficult task in a society Alongside these difficult issues went stories and where there is no longer any deep consensus about songs of faith from up and down the land, from ethics or religion. Falmouth to Nairn, Banbridge to Lincoln, and Everyman ranged from Tibet to Colombia, from Fleetwood to the House of Commons. the extinction of Buddhist culture to the endurance Elsewhere on BBC1, the audience was served of journalists faced by death threats from the by a variety of other programmes. These included drug barons. There were well- crafted films on Umbrella, a multi -faith series for children telling the forgiveness, life under occupation in Gaza, attitudes stories of the great faith traditions and exploring to AIDS, religious persecution in Romania, the what they mean to the lives of believers; and adult

First Easter: The Builder: Romanian Abbot Panaite with the medieval icon which he hid until recently from the Securitate

abortion debate, murder in the family, reconcili- study programmes such as Making Sense, dealing ation, the stories of ordinary people who hid Jews with the great issues of belief. Although these from the Nazis, the place of prayer, and the case for programmes are broadcast early on Sundays, the Muslim schools. An increasing proportion of the audience reaches as high as one million, while the series was made by independent producers. book accompanying the Making Sense series sold In Heart of the Matter, Joan Bakewell reported over 15,000 copies. on ethical issues of the moment, including the rights A further development in the year was the of refugees in Europe, the threat of porn -TV, counselling series Living with Dying, in which prisoners' rights, schism in the Church of England, Martyn Lewis dealt sensitively with death, dying gay `marriages' in Denmark, genetic engineering, and bereavement. The independent production Five the role played by the Church in East Germany as to Eleven brought prose and poetry with a purpose the Wall came crumbling down, and the rights of to the daytime schedule. And the interview series, women in Islam. When I Get to Heaven, hosted by the Bishop of The most watched programme continued to be Edinburgh, provided some memorable conver- Songs of Praise, which attracted substantial audiences sations featuring Patricia Routledge, David Hayman

64 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Religion continued 9

Bishop Barbara Harris, Dave Brubeck, Wendy Perriham and Rabbi Lionel Blue. Worship took the form, for the most part, of This Is the Day, which was broadcast live each Sunday from a viewer's home. There were notable editions which responded instantly in a thoughtful, Christian way to major weekend news events: the Hillsborough tragedy, the massacre in Peking, the release of Nelson Mandela. The programme's postbag reveals that it addresses real needs. There were a number of special services, including an Easter Eurcharist from Peterborough Cathedral, a celebration of the Cranmer anniversary from Lancaster Priory, and the first live outside broadcast from Belfast on Christmas Eve. The traditional messages from the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Pope at Easter were broadcast. During the month of Ramadan, Friday Prayers came from the London Mosque. On Radio 1, The Dream, a tribute to Dr Martin Politicians and On BBC2, the year began with The Cry, in which Luther King, was a particularly creative use of radio. House of Commons five contemporary composers were invited to The network was also at Greenbelt, the annual staff sing Songs of respond in music and pictures to the events of Holy Christian arts and music festival, and broadcast a Praise in Week. The series was an inventive piece of work. concert by Ladysmith Black Mambaza from South St Margaret's, In the wake of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Africa. Scruples, the ethical panel game, returned Westminster autumn visit to Rome, a Heart of the Matter special for another series, again hosted by Simon Mayo. was mounted, with Joan Bakewell interviewing On Radio 2, British black gospel music was Dr Runde at length on the moves to unity and their reflected and encouraged by the BBC's Gospel Music implications. The Last Gulag, a remarkable Festival, culminating in a lively concert by the Everyman special, recorded a day in the life of one winners. In different vein, Ruth Fortey from the of the last political prisons in the USSR and Midlands became BBC Choirgirl of the Year and revealed the terrible cost of belief. The Observer' performed on a number of programmes - on Radio wrote: 'Nothing like this has been seen or heard on 4 as well as Radio 2. television before.' Roger Royle continued to present Good Morning Christmas found BBC2 at King's College Chapel Sunday, one listener writing to say that his for a celebration that was less formal than usual: dedications, prayers and concerns made the whole Carols from Kings interspersed readings from the country 'one big parish'. Roger Royle took his bible and works of literature which illuminate the programme to scorching Scarborough for a summer meaning of Christmas. At Easter, The First Easter seaside special, to cold Bradford for harvest, and to was a testimony to the faith that endured in Poland, freezing Lapland (minus 22°C) to celebrate Romania, the USSR, East Germany and Czechoslo- Christmas, proving that fun and theology can mix. vakia through the years of Communist rule. On Radio 3, Choral Evensong was live every Everyman's A Time to Forgive, and The Cry were Wednesday, bringing the best of the choral worship both awarded prizes, first by the WACGUNDA tradition which exists in Britain's cathedrals. A Christian Television Festival, and then by the regular feature of Sunday evening was the Sunday Sandford St Martin Trust. Everyman was also Sequence which presented the finest music from shortlisted at the RTS and BAFTA. Christian and other religious traditions within the context of worship. Radio Worship on Radio 4 continued to be a mainstay Interest in religious broadcasting remained high in of religious programming. The Daily Service had Britain and this was reflected in continuing good some fine tuning with, again, a broadening of audiences. The majority of the output consisted of musical traditions as well as an increase in outside daily or weekly programmes supplemented by a broadcasts; flutes, violins, trumpets and saxophones strong schedule of occasional documentaries and were heard accompanying some of the best of features and there were elements of comfort as well today's contemporary hymns and songs, and the as controversy and challenge. BBC Singers contributed in strength to a programme

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989190 65 Religion continued

that listeners of all ages found valuable. The Hibbert Lecture on Radio 4 was given by An indication of the importance of the Daily Fr Bede Griffiths, a Benedictine monk who has lived Service in national life was seen at the time of the on an ashram in India for many years. He explored resignation of Nigel Lawson as Chancellor of the what happens when Western and Eastern Exchequor, one newspaper listing `48 hours that spirituality meet and the programme generated changed the political odds' and including in its hour- much listener interest. Former BBC Religious by -hour chronicle `10.45, the Morning Service on Affairs Correspondent, Rosemary Hartill, Radio 4 offered prayers for all those involved in the presented Writers Revealed, interviewing political events'. well-known authors such as John Mortimer, During Advent, the Sunday Service invited four Bernice Reubens and A.N.Wilson whose works are powerful preachers into the pulpit: Archbishop influenced by their beliefs. Derek Worlock, Bishop Barbara Harris (the first Among Christmas programmes, In Royal Anglican woman bishop), Bishop David Jenkins and Company was a portrait of the Chapel Royal and, in Professor John De Gruchy. Former Reith lecturer, a new departure, the Lent Talks were given by six Rev Dr Edward Norman met four more Turbulent people who were not Christians but who were Priests and discussed what motivated these invited to reflect on the Passion story leading to controversial clerics: Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Easter from their own perspective; they included Rabbi Meir Kehane, Fr Daniel Berrigan SJ, and Dr Pauline Cutting (well -known for her work in Rev Suzanne Fageol. Beirut's refugee camps), Chapman Pincher, Rabbi Representatives of major world faiths Hugo Gryn and Dr Marietta Higgs. contributed to a number of programmes. A The worship highlight of the year was the service prominent Sikh, Indarjit Singh, became a regular broadcast live simultaneously from Coventry on Thought for the Day and the affairs of the various Cathedral and the Kreuzkirche in Dresden on the faiths represented in Britain were regularly covered 50th anniversary of the outbreak of the Second in Sunday. Prayer for the Day also had multi -faith World War. contributions.

Heart of the Matter: Joan Bakewell interviews Nelson Mandela

66 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Education IO

The year kept Educational Broadcasting Services, BBC Education's policy and liaison department, at full stretch. Coming to terms with the requirements of the national curriculum and the massive in- service help now needed by the nation's teachers - particularly in science which became a compulsory subject in state primary and secondary schools - created a hectic workload. Then there was a major adult literacy and numeracy initiative (see panel page 68); the need for training and re-training adults as the Single European Market of 1992 approaches; and a new Copyright Act which opened up all the BBC's output to teachers and learners alike. And, hard on the heels of what all this entailed, there was the need to plan (Language File) and reflected national curriculum Landmarks: a for the imminent arrival of Radio 5, which offers proposals through a wider provision in modern School TV series for hugely exciting prospects of increasing educational languages (Quinze Minutes, Diez Temas, Lernexpress). 9 -11 year olds to output. New ventures included Sports- Science -a look at mark the 50th The direction of programme output was shaped scientific aspects behind sporting activity, and anniversary of the by these activities and guided by the Educational Techno - an insight into the world of design and Second World War Broadcasting Council and its programme commit- technology. The dramatic events in East Germany tees. and their effect on the country's young people were captured in an Issues special recorded from the Below: Questions: School Radio and Television Berlin Wall. School TV series A survey commissioned by the BBC and the ITV International co- funding continued to play an Bottom: Jane Asher, Association from the independent Broadcasting important part with, for example, a new geography regular storyteller Research Unit showed that 92% of primary series on the Soviet Union. on School Radio's teachers and 80% of secondary teachers use school In 1989, School Television won the Royal Listening Corner, television regularly as part of their teaching. A Television Society's award for primary school judges hundreds of separate BBC census of schools showed a high use programmes with Independence, from the Who-Me? entries in the of school radio - 93% of primary schools and 70% series. programme's story- of secondary schools are regular users. School Television's teacher training project, telling competition School Television expanded its programming INSET - which included units of programmes on during the year and offered support in all the main school management, modern language teaching, areas of the national curriculum at every age level. science at both primary and secondary levels, In primary, a strong emphasis on science and mathematics and religious education - proved itself technology led to the introduction of two new to be accessible, attractive and cost -effective in series, Science Challenge (7 -9 years) and Search Out helping teachers update their professional skills at a Science (9 -11 years). Both encouraged investigation time of major change in schools. It has been and problem solving and marked the beginning of a supported by finance from industry, educational four -year commitment by the BBC to science in charities and various government departments. primary schools -a commitment supported by The national curriculum's emphasis on listening extra funding from the Director -General. skills confirmed School Radio's role. It continued Religious Education also received increased to work to its strengths by providing a wide range support. A lively new series, Questions, introduced of programmes to support three key areas of the key religious concepts by arousing children's primary curriculum, where there is often a lack of natural curiosity about their own experiences and teacher expertise: movement, music and drama. In the world around them. The 50th anniversary of religious education, the two assembly series, the outbreak of the Second World War was noted Together and Something to Think About, were a major by Landmarks (9 -11 years), which included archive source of advice as teachers set about putting into film and present -day recollections of people in practice the collective worship requirements of the Britain and Europe who were children at the time. Education Reform Act. For secondary schools, School Television Secondary school output concentrated on provided more support in core areas such as English modern languages and resources for GCSE.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 67 io Education continued

Contact with the National Curriculum Council resulted in a number of successful in- service Adult literacy education programmes for teachers and a major A three -year basic skills initiative launched on initiative to provide resources to support cross - television and radio for adults with difficulties in curricular teaching in the primary sector. reading, writing and numeracy, is the largest single Meanwhile, a number of joint ventures with School venture ever undertaken by BBC Education. Television prospered, particularly in science where The BBC -led initiative, in partnership with the the series Active Science successfully complemented Department of Education and Science and the television's Search Out Science. Department of Employment, involved the During the year, School Radio was reorganised introduction of a City and Guilds Certificate and is to become Schools, Children & Youth Program- linked to the setting up of 60 open learning mes, Radio, reflecting the department's wider role centres, some in existing colleges and some in on Radio 5. It is now responsible not only for high street shops. providing programmes for use in schools, but The broadcasting elements of the £6 million drama, features and magazine programmes for venture, which offers to an estimated six million people the chance to step up to a higher level

of competence, involves a BBC investment of £2 million.

The campaign began on air in October, with a week of local radio promotion, followed by Radio 4 FM's Options: Using Your Word Power, six 30- minute programmes for tutors; and BBC! 's Stepping Up, eight 10- minute segments designed to stimulate interest in written and spoken word skills, featuring celebrities including Gilly Coman, Jasper Carrott, John Barnes and Alan Titchmarsh. These were followed in November by Options: Wordpower Writing, five 30- minute programmes on Radio 4 FM featuring stories written by and for people on basic skills courses; and by Step Up to

Wordpower, a 20 -part communications skills series on BBC!, presented by Chris Serle. Above: children and young people to hear in their own In 1990 -91, the emphasis will move from Independence from time. These new programmes will inform and communication skills to numeracy and in 1991 -92 the Who Me! series: entertain young audiences and greatly extend and radio and television will repeat broadcasts from winner of the RTS enrich the educational resources provided by the the previous two years. award for primary BBC. The Minister of State for Employment, Timothy school programmes To ensure that schools can continue to receive Eggar, described the project as being of great Right: Chris Serle educational programmes after the transfer from importance in helping to create the flexible and helps adults Step Up Radio 4 FM to Radio 5 AM, the BBC has made skilled workforce needed by the country. to Wordpower certain arrangements, including the provision of a free adaptor to schools which have FM -only receiving equipment, and the overnight repeat on Radio 3 FM of the daytime output.

Continuing Education Radio and Television Listeners to CE Radio were able during the year to follow series which ranged from health, fitness and pregnancy, to the working of Parliament and the City's financial institutions. An important contribution was made to the literary and numeracy initiative with two series of advice and material for tutors and, at a different level, a series on travel writing which attracted hundreds of entries to a competition. CE Radio

68 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 90 Education continued io

beginners' course in spoken Hindi and Urdu, Hindi Urdu Bol Chaal, marked the department's first venture into `community languages'. The popular DIY science series, Take Nobody's Word For It, carried off three TV awards: The Vermeer special - which reconstructed the room in the Dutch artist's painting The Music Lesson to demonstrate his use of the camera obscura in obtaining a `photographic' perspective - was runner -up in the prestigious Japan Prize, and won the RTS education award in the Take Nobody's adult /continuing education general category; and Word for It: the final programme in the series won a certificate DIY science series of merit at the Film and Television Awards of the for Continuing British Association for the Advancement of Education Science. looked back with a series on oral history and the origins of the Second World War - to coincide The Open University Production Centre with the 50th anniversary - and even further into It was a difficult year financially, with the increasing the past with The Riddle of the Stones; and looked rate of inflation outstripping the grant given by the forward with Time Will Tell, a series which university, but the mix of programme production predicted, with considerable accuracy, the momen- was maintained. tous events which followed in Eastern Europe Major new undergraduate courses included a months later. co- production with Turkish Radio and Television The understanding of religious faiths practised on Ottoman architecture, and televised dramas in Britain today was the subject of Behind the Ritual, included Faustus and Endgame, the Beckett play while Applying the Micro delved into new ways in involving Stephen Rea (from the original stage cast) which computers affect our daily lives. Those and Charlie Drake. The new Environment course wanting to learn or brush up a language had French, attracted external funding from the Worldwide German, Spanish or Italian to choose from, while Fund for Nature, the International Development new languages - Russian and Turkish - were added Research Centre, and the International Crop to the highly successful `Get By In'... range of Research Institute for the Semi -Arid Tropics. elementary language guides for visitors. The joint Continuing Education packs were produced for radio -television course book, 'A Vous La France', the National Curriculum Council, the National was placed sixth in the non -fiction paperback best- Council for Vocational Qualifications, and the seller list for the whole decade of the Eighties. adult literacy project. A video for the EC- funded In 1989 -90, CE Television embarked on three project on cancer prevention was recorded in part major undertakings: the adult literacy initiative, the at the Lisbon Colloquium on Prevention of Cancers Mosaic Project, and Who Cares? and is available to health workers in Europe and The Mosaic Project, concerned with equal groups concerned with health and safety policies. opportunities in multi -cultural Britain, examined As part of OUPC's work for outside agencies, discrimination and how it is being combated in the centre collaborated on its largest -ever housing, immigration, mental health and undertaking with a consortium of 15 local education counselling, and at industrial tribunals. Aimed at authorities (LEAP) to produce video, audio, print a general audience, the documentaries formed a and other materials for two projects, Management unique resource for trainers of professional and in Education for heads and senior staff, and Locally community groups and teachers in schools and Managed School for heads and governors. LEAP colleges, and were accompanied by comprehensive training materials are now being used by over one - notes. Who Cares? aimed to raise awareness of the third of authorities in their management training problems facing the six million people who look programmes. after the sick, handicapped or elderly at home. The The German language training pack was followed series was made in collaboration with a number of this year by Frankly Speaking, an introductory pack organisations including the DHSS and produced a on French for business use. large response from viewers. OUPC received the Golden Eagle award at Modern languages continued to be a staple of Cine 89 for Julius Caesar, part of its Shakespeare CE Television's output and in 1989 the 10 -part in Rehearsal series.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 69 I Policy and Research

POLICY ISSUES The Sadler enquiry PROGRAMME ISSUES Broadcasting in the Nineties In December, the Government asked Editorial issues The year was dominated by debate about Mr John Sadler, a former member of the Arising from the terrible scenes at the future shape of British broadcasting, Monopolies and Mergers Commission, Hillsborough, the violent suppression of as the Government translated its White to look into standards of cross -media the demonstrations in China and from Paper proposals into a Broadcasting Bill. promotion; the enquiry is expected to attacks on British security forces, As a result, the agenda for the Policy and last a year. Mr Sadler invited the BBC to sensitivity in the treatment of individuals Planning Unit (created in 1987 to advise give its views and the unit, in conjunction remained a major topic for policy Board of Management) was largely set by with BBC Enterprises, Network Tele- consideration. Westminster. vision and Network Radio, compiled an Discussion heightened the awareness The White Paper had proposed to early response. of news and other programmes to the assign overnight -use of one of the BBC's Pointing to the encouragement it had need of avoiding gratuitously explicit television channels to the Independent received from government in the scenes of violence and distress: pro- Television Commission for allocation to development of its commercial potential, grammes, for example, tried not to put a commercial user. The BBC, however, particularly in recent years, the BBC Chinese students into more danger from had evolved a strategy for a night -hours argued that the undoubted benefit to authority and, elsewhere, took pre- subscription service on both BBC1 and sales from promoting Enterprises' cautions against giving information, BBC2, including information and leisure products on its airtime was very much in verbally or in pictures, which might packages which would draw upon its vast the public interest as all profits are have helped terrorists. archives, and in July the Home Secretary returned to programmes and help A television technique known as endorsed this use. Following the minimise the licence fee. Furthermore, 'pixelation' or `mosaicing', used to mask appointment of a chief executive for the as Enterprises is established as a separate the identity of individuals in sensitive service, a business plan is being developed subsidiary company and promotion of situations, was seriously called into (see BBC Enterprises page 84). its activities comes under the supervision question. As a result of representations In December, the Broadcasting Bill of radio and television presentation staff, from viewers, extensive editorial was published and began its passage the BBC's editorial standards are not discussion and a special study, through Parliament. Its main purpose compromised by its commercial programme-makers were advised not to was to create a new structure for objectives. rely on this technique, in which the frame commercial broadcasting in the United or part of it is broken into small Kingdom both in television and radio, Regulation and transmission disjointed squares - and either to but certain clauses directly affected the In July, the Government announced a enhance it or in some situations to use BBC, and MPs were briefed on main decision to set up two national other methods. As a result, the technique areas of concern. transmission companies based on the was seen less often. existing BBC and IBA networks. While Regulation and funding the IBA operation is to be privatised, the Privacy and freedom The regulation of broadcasting was the BBC's will remain in the public sector, at Issues of privacy were prominent, partly big policy issue of the year in legislative, least until the Charter is due for renewal because of the deliberations of the economic and editorial terms. The unit in 1997. Much work was done, in collab- Government -appointed Calcutt published new factual programme guide- oration with Engineering and Finance, to Committee which, although dealing with lines, in a companion volume to the establish and agree with government the intrusions by print journalism, asked the general producers' guidelines (see panel framework for fair competition in a BBC whether it wanted to make a page 72) and it commissioned research mixed economy of this kind. The BBC's representation. The BBC did so on the from Oxford Economic Research Associ- concern is to manage broadcast trans- grounds that any law on privacy would ates and from Touche Ross on the key mission in a cost-effective way and to probably also apply to broadcasting, and elements in fair competition as far as minimise the proportion of licence argued that, as such matters require the BBC's commercial activities are income diverted from programme - delicate balances between public and concerned. In recent years, the BBC making. Where it can use its trans- private interests, they are best left to self- has done a good deal to realise the mission resources to generate income, regulation by reputable organisations. If commercial potential of its resources, from site rental agreements or services protection for privacy is not twinned from the sale of programmes and to users, it seeks to do so. At the end of with freedom of information, the public associated products to the sharing of its the year, discussions with the DTI and will not be given some information it transmitter sites. These activities create a OFTEL were continuing. ought to have and some individuals in useful additional source of funding and public positions will escape the proper it is important that trading practices are pressures of accountability. seen to be fair and in the public interest. Another editorial issue to disturb

70 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 90 Policy and Research continued II

broadcasters as well as newspaper Affairs panel, page 16). During the year journalists was the increased tendency of he continued to chair a fortnightly forum BARB to improve methods the courts to deliver very wide, restric- of senior editors, keeping the difficult Television viewing measurements will tive injunctions in connection with ward- issues arising in factual programme - become more comprehensive following ship cases. The BBC has a very protective making under constant review. a decision by BARB, the joint BBC -ITV attitude towards the young, particularly Broadcasters' Audience Research in painful circumstances, and it heeds Broadcasting research Board, to appoint two firms - AGB calls for anonymity when children are In anticipation of the Broadcasting Bill, Research and RSMB Television taken into care. But current wardship the British Market Research Bureau was Research -as joint contractors for injunctions are being drawn so widely commissioned for the second successive seven years from August 1991. that programmes cannot even report under year to establish the latest trends in The number of homes in the sample which local authority a case has public perceptions of BBC programme panel will be increased by nearly 50 %, occurred; worse, such court orders performance, both in absolute terms and enabling the viewing of demographic forbid programmes from trying to find relative to the competition. minorities to be more closely scruti- out about the cases. This seriously In 15 of 21 categories, the BBC was nised, and a new meter, capable of impedes public discussion of highly judged to offer the best programmes. monitoring Sky and BSB satellite important issues, notably at local and Two -thirds of respondents thought the services as well as existing channels, regional level, which can be addressed BBC outstandingly good with national will be introduced. without identifying or jeopardising those news coverage, and half or more held Also for the first time, the gender involved. that opinion of its plays, nature output, and age range of guest viewers in current affairs, sport, series, comedy and panellists' homes will be monitored - Untransmitted material chat shows. ITV was judged better for the information will be entered into Requests by the police for untransmitted regional news, films, soap operas, quizzes panellists' push- button handsets. And material - usually television pictures - and variety shows. it will be possible to identify timeshift have become common and raise editorial Paralleling this survey, Broadcasting viewing of programmes that have been questions in which the unit is closely Research department's summary of video- recorded and, for the first time, involved. The BBC understands the need the costs and the audience delivery of assess total audiences. The timeshift to prosecute criminal matters and does different TV programme strands com- audience is currently missing from not seek to impede investigation, but manded a high level of interest. It BARB's figures and probably accounts reporters, producers, camera crews and demonstrated, for example, that for about 4% of viewing. others already take risks in certain situ- television drama attracts the same RSMB will deal with the ations, such as violent demonstrations. audience as light entertainment, but at recruitment and maintenance of the Were newsgatherers seen as a ready three times the cost. Light entertainment panel and be responsible for quality source of information for the police, shows, features, documentaries and control procedures. AGB will be such situations could become even more education programmes cost similar sums responsible for the supply, installation dangerous; and if programme- makers to make, but a light entertainment show and maintenance of the electronic were prevented by threats and attacks generates on average three times as many metering equipment in homes, the from gathering their material, society viewers as features and documentaries - retrieval of data from the meters and would have less knowledge about inci- and six to eight times as many viewers as for the processing and distribution of it dents needing informed understanding. education programmes. to television companies, advertisers In virtually all cases where As the new commercial channels must and agencies. untransmitted material is sought, the concentrate on programme sectors that BBC requires the police to apply to a cost less to make, and /or deliver large judge for an order. Generally, the BBC audiences, there is a concern about the strated in its `Annual Review', which for furnishes transmitted material when economic realities they face and, para- the first time this year was published requested. doxically, how the viewer could find that by an outside company (John Libbey, increased channel choice leads to 14.50), in order to reach a wider Constant review programme choice narrowing. audience. The review includes a report Controller Editorial Policy, John The department was again extensively on public attitudes to the BBC and its Wilson, is the BBC's central point of involved in evaluating the BBC's See For funding, a survey submitted by the BBC reference for advice on all the above Yourself accountability activities. Its in its formal response to the broadcasting matters and on interpreting for pro- principal function, however, is to serve White Paper, which reveals that 71% gramme staff the restrictions imposed by management's and programme- makers' of those interviewed would prefer the the Government on coverage relating to needs on a daily basis and the range of licence fee as a future method of Northern Ireland (see News and Current the department's activity was demon- funding.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 71 I Policy and Research continued

A survey commissioned by Network by third parties. the LR chain. Television during the year showed that The main research preoccupation of The department's latest quinquennial 87% of interviewees were aware of the Network Radio during the period was time budget study, `Daily Life in the Late nine o'clock `watershed'. More than two - the public's use of wavebands for each of '80s', became available to schedulers as a thirds agreed that the time, before which the networks and the likely problems highly detailed source of information material unsuitable for children should that listeners will face as the medium - about people's availability to view tele- not be transmitted, was `about right'. Of wave frequencies are phased out or re- vision and, already, over 40% of the those who disagreed, most favoured a allocated. Pilot research was undertaken costs of this major work has been re- later time being set, with 10pm being the on behalf of Radio 5 and consultations couped by sales to ITV companies and most popular alternative. with the Association of Independent advertising agencies. A landmark among research Radio Contractors continued to explore During the year Dr Guy Cumberbatch undertaken for News and Current the need to set up an all- industry radio of Aston University was commissioned Affairs was a joint project with the IBA, audience measurement body along to repeat his 1986 content analysis of monitoring the televising of the House the lines of the television BARB television output, updating his views on of Commons both from the point of view model. the portrayal of violence; more broadly, of MPs and the viewing public. The New ground was broken with an he will also examine representations on department continued to perform the original survey of the musical tastes of the screen of women, ethnic minorities time -consuming role as guardian of listeners in four local radio editorial areas and the disabled. His analysis will involve professional standards in journalists' use and, by long- standing practice, pre- a sample of 4,000 hours across four of opinion polls, whether commissioned launch research was conducted at Radio months of 1990. by the BBC itself or made available to it Suffolk, the latest station about to join

Factual guidelines A volume of guidelines for the makers be determined by detail which differs of factual programmes was issued at the from case to case'.

beginning of 1990. The result of two The volume is a companion one to years of consultation, discussion and the general 'Producers' Guidelines' and drafting, it reflects many years of a successor to the 'News and Current programme- making wisdom and will Affairs' Index first issued in 1980. They be updated in the light of further ex- are also published in ring- binder format perience. for ready updating. Arranged in 86 alphabetical Copies were sent to all factual sections, the guidelines include programme- makers in the BBC and to anonymity in programmes, conflicts of nearly 100 universities and colleges interest, many aspects of the law, with courses in journalism and com- Northern Ireland, Scottish dimensions, munications. 'Guidelines for Factual the use of specialists, sexism and Programmes' is available to the public terrorism. 'They advise and guide and (price E5 plus El for post and packing) rarely prescribe,' states the foreword, from BBC World Service Shop, Bush because the proper course is often to House, PO Box 76, London WC2B 4PH.

72 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Legal Affairs 12

The Broadcasting Bill had its second On the employment front, the drew up the terms of the scheme and reading in the House of Commons on department undertook the defence of set up Educational Recording Agency 18 December 1989 and the BBC's Legal several applications to the Industrial Ltd to operate it, collect the revenue Adviser was involved in preparing the Relations Tribunal. from licences granted, and distribute response to it and drafting amendments The Commission of the European the money to the company's members to the clauses affecting the BBC. Community showed more interest in who include BBC Enterprises. The BBC's interest in Europe were BBC matters and a detailed response had Enterprises became the first plaintiff represented on the legal committee of to be prepared to a complaint by the to test in the courts a section of the new the European Broadcasting Union and Independent Television Association law, acting against a company, operat- its working parties. over the Football Association's agree- ing without its authority, which sold Sadly, as the year ended, the death ment granting the BBC UK TV rights receiving equipment used to decode the was announced of Antony Jennings, the for domestic FA matches and a number BBC TV EUROPE service. Enterprises' BBC's Legal Adviser for 12 years until of internationals until the end of the claim that its rights were infringed was ill health forced his retirement in early 1992 -93 season. unsuccessful in the first instance, but was 1989. A man held in deep affection and unanimously upheld by the Court of professional respect, he was succeeded Programme Contracts Department Appeal. The case is going to the House in November by Gareth Roscoe. The department issued some 200,000 of Lords. contracts during 1989 -90 to actors, In Ireland, Mr Justice Lardner Solicitor's Department musicians and other freelance contri- confirmed that the BBC was entitled to Much time was spent advising butors to television, radio and World copyright in its programme listings just production and editorial staff on media Service. as it was in England. At the end of April law and looking after the litigation arising One of the department's main tasks 1989, the European Court of Justice from programmes. There were fewer during the year was to reach agreement agreed to suspend the effect of the libel claims against the BBC than in with Equity, the actors' union, and the European Commission's decision - that recent years and in most cases settle- Musicians' Union, on a move from a the BBC's refusal to grant licences for ments were generally reached out residual basis of payment - based on seven -day listings was abusive - pending of court. A number of injunctions artists' fees - to a royalty basis - related an appeal. In the autumn, the Home threatened investigative and consumer to income received by the BBC - in Secretary announced the Government's programmes. connection with television programmes decision to remove from broadcasters In October, the BBC successfully sold for overseas broadcasting and other the right to deny publishers the oppor- resisted an application by a member of secondary uses. An agreement was also tunity of publishing seven -day listings, the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad reached with Equity and the MU which which led to the inclusion of draft clauses to stop the transmission of a programme gives the BBC greater freedom to repeat in the Broadcasting Bill. in the regional series Friday Documentary, performances. In the course of the year, discussions which dealt with the suspension of a took place on the renewal of the BBC's number of officers in the squad by the Copyright Department blanket agreement with the major West Midlands Chief Constable. The The Copyright, Designs and Patents societies which control the right to Court of Appeal unequivocally upheld Act 1988 came into force on 1 August broadcast and record copyright music the BBC's broadcasting right. 1989 and the implications occupied the and sound recordings and a new three - The year showed the readiness of the department through the year. year deal for television was reached with police to use the Police and Criminal Programme- makers were informed of the Mechanical Copyright Protection Evidence Act 1984 to gain access to the significant changes to the law at a Society. Negotiations were also success- journalistic material held by the BBC but dozen presentation and question -and- fully concluded with the Performing which it had not transmitted. Appli- answer sessions; an updated guide for Right Society, and continue with cations were resisted, with some success, producers was made available; and a Phonographic Performance Ltd, and at the Old Bailey and the Swindon, training pack consisting of a 40- minute British Phonographic Industry Ltd. Southwark and Guildford Crown video, with associated audio and written Agreements with the writers' unions Courts. material, was produced, primarily for on minimum rates and other terms and Round -the -clock legal advice to News News and Current Affairs. conditions for radio drama scripts were and Current Affairs programmes One of the changes in the legislation renewed, as was the agreement with the continued to be provided and the which benefits both educational estab- Music Publishers' Association on rates department helped in the preparation lishments and the BBC is the provision for music hire and the broadcasting of and presentation of the BBC's cases enabling off-air recordings for educa- operas, musicals and ballets. against complaints made to the Broad- tional purposes, subject to the terms of casting Complaints Commission. a licensing scheme. The department

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 198990 73 13 Public Accountability

At the heart of the BBC's public service ask their questions in the live programme older generation, began in November. role is accountability to its viewers and which Sue Lawley chaired, and raised The BBC maintained a high profile listeners. issues which ranged from the indepen- around the country during the year with The annual See For Yourself range of dence of the BBC to costume drama on its own `Radio Goes to Town' travelling programmes, now established after three TV and the future of the licence fee. exhibition (see Network Radio panel years, was further refined for the week Speak For Yourself had an average page 36) and with a presence at county of broadcasting in January 1990. Some audience of 3.4 million. shows, Motorfair '89, and the Ideal of the changes were in direct response to In the same week of activity, the Home Exhibition, from which numerous audience reaction to the previous year's controllers of the two television TV and radio programmes were broad- activity. networks, of the four radio networks, cast and where a colourful and inform- The flagship of these 20 hours of the national regions, and the heads of ative magazine about the BBC, also broadcasting throughout the UK was See broadcasting in the English regions, faced entitled `See For Yourself', was given For Yourself on BBC1, a 75- minute report questions in a series of phone -ins. All away to the thousands of people who to licence -payers presented by Terry regions carried a televised report on the visited the BBC stand. Wogan, in the form of short films about past year's output and performance in The BBC continued during the year aspects of the BBC's output: the complex their area. to give licence -payers the opportunity to logistics of transmitting Wimbledon A four -page review of the BBC's year question panels of senior executives tennis; profiles of Radio 3, Radio Foyle appeared in the Christmas double -issue about programmes and policy by in Northern Ireland, and the BBC World of `Radio Times', reaching a massive arranging five public meetings in Oxford, Services' Chinese section; the making of readership of 25 million. Exeter, Coventry, Galashiels and the hit comedy series Bread; and the Research on the reactions to all these Durham. Natural History Unit filming in Australia activities, and the public's perception of As in other forums, audiences with Sir David Attenborough. The the BBC, will help to determine how the expressed worry that competition with seventh film, showing the Television BBC will make itself accountable in the satellite channels would push the BBC newsroom at work, recorded feverish future. The two major areas of concern downmarket, and sought assurances that activity - it was the day Nigel Lawson to emerge from both letters and phone this would not happen. In Coventry a resigned as Chancellor. calls during this year's campaign were question concerning the BBC's political impartiality led to a response from BBC Governor Dr John Roberts who emphasised that, though members of the Board are appointed by the Home Secretary of the day, they remain independent of government. A distinctive identity is as important in broadcasting as in any other industry, and faced with mounting competition - within the next few years there will be Channels 3, 4 and 5, five BSB satellite channels and at least 11 Astra channels - the BBC continued vigorously to brand its services, a practice which began in earnest last year. A new family of logos linking the four existing radio networks More than 1,000 people sent in questions for Chairman Marmaduke Hussey and with the new Radio 5 which opens at the Director -General Michael Checkland in Speak For Yourself end of August 1990, was launched as the year ended, and strong new identities for The average audience for the whether the BBC would be able to BBC1 and 2 will be unveiled later in the programme was 5.4 million. maintain its high standards in the face of year. Well over 1,000 people took up the deregulation and increased competition, The effort which has gone into invitation to send in questions in advance and how sufficient funding will be external communications was matched about BBC programmes and policy to obtained. this year with major developments to put directly to the Chairman and As a direct result of a question put improve internal communications. A Director -General in Speak For Yourself, on screen to the Director -General during specialist in the field, seconded as a also on BBC1 in the same week; 35 of 1989's See For Yourself, Primetime, a tele- programme -maker to the BBC from IBM, those who wrote in were in the studio to vision afternoon programme aimed at the was asked to make recommendations

74 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989190 Public Accountability continued 13

and his report was distributed widely to telephone complaints about television series also received considerable staff, and their feedback incorporated, programmes, mainly relating to appreciation - an indication of the before being accepted by Board of Wimbledon tennis. The largest number difficulties faced by programme- makers Management. Like all managers in large, of complaints for a single programme in such indefinable areas as taste. complex companies, those in the BBC came at the very beginning of the year Byline: The Blasphemer's Banquet - will be expected to become better com- when over 450 callers rang because, a personal response by poet Tony municators with the staff who work with contrary to press billings, the Real Harrison to the Salman Rushdie affair - them. Madrid v AC Milan soccer match was provoked over 300 letters and calls In February 1990, a major advance not transmitted in Scotland. The tragedy before or after transmission, two- thirds in the flow of information between at Hillsborough stadium prompted of which registered appreciation, though management and staff took place when almost 300 calls, on the day itself and there were some complaints of blasphemy TELFAX, a high-speed teletext infor- during the following week, complaining from Muslims as individuals or groups. mation system for the Television Service about excessive coverage (particularly on Among other television programmes came into use, providing up -to -date news radio) or about premature speculation which drew appreciation were The Visit, about the BBC itself, such as press reviews concerning the causes of the disaster. Around the World in 80 Days, and the and comment, BBC statements and news A large number of complaints Elvis Presley film season. releases. involved claims of political bias. Two In another significant development, programmes, very different in character, the Director -General was interviewed on which marked 10 years of Mrs Thatcher's video after liaison meetings and major premiership, provoked strong reactions. announcements to explain corporate Mrs Thatcher's Children resulted in about decisions. These interviews were played 250 charges of bias, both for and against, internally to staff and subsequently were while 200 calls complained that the made available as both video and audio vaudeville-style Ten Glorious Years was cassettes. `puerile' - though 49 people rang to say how much they had enjoyed it. The Audience reaction appearance of Neil Kinnock on Wogan With the benefit of new technology, the during the European election campaign BBC's information offices at Television provoked bias charges. Centre and Broadcasting House, which Interviewing techniques came in for Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit: deal with phonecalls, and the Viewer and close scrutiny and many callers linked Charlotte Coleman and Geraldine McEwan Listener Correspondence section, which their dislike of certain interviewers with in one of the year's most popular dramas deals with letters, responded during the claims of political partiality. Some 120 year with increased efficiency to the viewers telephoned to complain of Almost 150 people, many identifying public's short- and long-term concerns. `intrusiveness' and `aggressiveness' in themselves as `Friends of John The number of unsolicited letters and Jonathan Dimbleby's interview with McCarthy', wrote asking the BBC to calls received centrally by the BBC Sir Geoffrey Howe in Panorama: Hong show photographs of hostages at the end remained at levels comparable with Kong -A Matter of Honour; and 255 com- of television news bulletins; around previous years at around 200,000 and a plaints followed Michael Buerk's inter- 2,000 letters and postcards were received weekly analysis of them continued to be view with Francis Maude in an edition of protesting at the lack of coverage of a circulated at senior level and to the Board the One O'Clock News. pro -life lobby of Parliament in late June, of Governors. The treatment of sexual themes many reflecting the views of the Society The single most common cause of continued to generate criticism, with for the Protection of the Unborn Child; complaint, as in other years, was unan- Dennis Potter's TV serial Blackeyes pro- and the decision to end the Telesoftware nounced scheduling and programme voking over 200 complaints about its service on Ceefax brought 600 complaints changes; often, these were the inevitable `gratuitous' sexual content and Oranges from users. result of over -runs in sporting events, Are Not the Only Fruit receiving criticism On radio, the broadcasts of Gilbert though scheduling changes such as the of its lesbian scenes as well as its alleged and Sullivan on Sunday afternoons, interruption of Antiques Roadshow to anti -Christian content, though the drama though praised in themselves, caused accommodate coverage of the release also amassed a wide range of calls and 400 complaints from the supporters of from gaol of Nelson Mandela prompted letters of appreciation, as did Summer's Alan Dell and Benny Green who were a very large number of calls. Lease, Mother Love and First and Last. necessarily rested from their Radio 2 Sports generally produced large Many viewers took exception to the slots; Nina Myskow, who stood in twice numbers of calls. In one week in July, language used by Ben Elton - the Man for Derek Jameson, provoked lively they accounted for over half of all from Auntie, and Dave Allen, but both correspondence, the majority critical;

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 75 13 Public Accountability continued

and the edition of Desert Island Discs appreciable aid to production and post- throughout the continent and broad- featuring Lady Diana Mosley provoked production. BBC staff are playing casting in English, German and Dutch. over 200 calls from listeners, most of important roles in several different Regular links with major broadcasters whom felt that, while she was entitled to projects. world -wide were maintained via the her opinions, this programme was not a Another initiative, Audiovisual Commonwealth Broadcasting Associ- suitable place to express them. Eureka, was launched, bringing together ation and the Asia -Pacific Broadcasting Particular praise was registered for the government representatives and profes- Union, and by direct programme co- transmission of Monteverdi's Vespers sionals to stimulate and strengthen operation with individual organisations. from Venice on Christmas Eve, and the European production in television and In the course of the year, the BBC's Morning Service from The Ark in Bristol; the cinema, and to provide a further offices in Paris and Delhi were and few radio drama offerings enjoy such forum for debate - there is already the transferred from International Relations a response as Second Honeymoon received. firmly established Technological Eureka, to News and Current Affairs. The New in which BBC engineers have made York office continued to be administered International Relations important contributions in efforts to by International Relations and was With rapidly developing technologies establish a European HDTV system. reorganised by its new head, Jonathan and fast -changing strategies and policies The BBC continued to play a leading Crane, to meet the needs of the Nineties. in broadcasting around the world, the role in Eurosport, a dedicated satellite It now serves as a flexible, responsive BBC and its role in the UK attracted sports channel broadcast by a con- production base for all television and very high interest from overseas. There sortium of 15 European television radio, and has helped considerably in were ministerial visits and large numbers organisations. By early 1990, Eurosport raising the BBC's profile in America. of delegations including parliamentary was reaching more than 17 million homes broadcasting commissions, media employees' groups, and broadcasting boards. Complaints and standards All of this interest was reflected in The Broadcasting Complaints and radio at network, regional and local the demand for BBC documents such as Commission is astatutory body which levels. the newly published `Guidelines for adjudicates on complaints of unfair The members of the Commission on Factual Programmes' and the continuing treatment or unwarranted infringe- 31 March 1990 were the Marchioness of demand for the `Producers' Guidelines'. ment of privacy in television and radio Anglesey (Chairman), Mr Henry During the year, the BBC reaffirmed programmes. Its powers are set out in McKenzie Johnston, Mrs J. Brigid Wells, its commitment to try to meet requests the Broadcasting Act 1981 and the Mr David Holmes, and Mr Tony for foreign broadcasters to attend BBC Cable and Broadcasting Act 1984; Christopher. The Secretary is Mr training courses, and for BBC staff to similar provisions are incorporated in Richard Hewlett, and the Commis- travel abroad to instruct and advise the Broadcasting Bill which was before sion's address is Grosvenor Gardens international colleagues. The entire cost Parliament at the time of writing. House, 35 & 37 Grosvenor Gardens,

of such training must be met by external In the year under review, the London SW 1 OBS Tel 07I- 630 -1966. or governmental agencies. Funding Commission adjudicated on 22 com- During the year, the BBC was remains difficult, but the dramatic events plaints concerning BBC programmes. invited to comment on the draft code in Eastern Europe and the appeals for Six were upheld, 10 dismissed, and six of practice which was drawn up by the assistance from newly liberated broad- partly upheld. Seventeen of the com- Broadcasting Standards Council and casters have helped to create a more plaints related to programmes on BBC I subsequently published in November enlightened understanding of the value and 2 (including one on BBC I Wales), 1989. of broadcast training. four to Radio 4, and one to BBC local The Council was set up by the The European Broadcasting Union, radio. One complaint was withdrawn Government in 1988. Its brief was to of which the BBC is a leading member, following agreement between the BBC draw up a code on, and monitor, also kept pace with the broadcasting and the complainant on a statement of standards of taste and decency and the revolution. The Community Directive apology. portrayal of sex and violence on on Broadcasting, designed to stimulate In accordance with the Commis- television and radio; and to consider the free flow of programmes and to lay sion's procedures, summaries of the complaints on these matters. down common standards in areas of taste adjudications were broadcast on the The Council, which is chaired by and decency, was formally adopted. The relevant channels and published in Lord Rees -Mogg (a former Vice - closer links forged during the debate on 'Radio Times'. The BBC also publicised Chairman of the BBC), is expected to the directive continued between broad- the work of the Commission through be given statutory status when the casters and the Commission, whose periodic announcements on television Broadcasting Bill becomes law. MEDIA 92 programme is providing an

76 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989!90 Personnel 14

Faced with increasing competition in the television experiment. marketplace, the BBC began a number of In August 1989, the BBC announced initiatives to attract, train and keep its details of its intention to improve the staff, which place it in the forefront of ethnic make-up of its workforce, to the broadcasting industry. reflect more fully Britain's multi- Employment conditions were cultural, multi -racial society. improved, maternity provisions ex- tended, and flexible working arrange- Employee Relations Division ments introduced, and there was an Pay rates were increased by 8.8% and increasing use of the career -break London Weighting by 350 from 1 July scheme. Conditions for health and safety 1989 in a 13 -month settlement which at work were also consolidated, a health followed the industrial dispute which promotion officer was appointed, and a took place from April to July. staff nursery at White City was com- The negotiations also produced a pleted. commitment to move to a more compet- intended to produce a series of infor- In a three -month period during the itive pay structure and, following advice mation booklets presenting health and summer, the unions took industrial from independent consultants, plans safety standards in an attractive format. action over pay with a series of strikes, were agreed for a significant change in During the year, provisions were the majority of 24 -hour duration, which the BBC's pay strategy to be imple- introduced to enable women with as disrupted radio and television schedules. mented during 1990 -93. In June 1989, little as one year's service to take up to However, while some programmes were the 'Funding the Future' committee was 29 weeks' maternity leave after the birth lost or curtailed, a service was set up to recommend ways of releasing of their baby. In June 1990, a new work- maintained. resources to fund these developments place nursery for the children of London- Initially, the BBC, constrained by the and their recommendations were based staff was due to open at White index -linked licence fee and the World approved in January 1990. City; it will provide 65 places when fully Service grant -in -aid, had applied an across - BBC pensions were increased by operational. A variety of childcare the -board increase of 7% in its pay pack- 7.7% in line with inflation recorded in arrangements have been set up or are age. When a settlement was reached with December 1989. being considered in the regions. A child- the help of ACAS, the unions, which To strengthen the BBC's health and care information exchange was held at had made a 16% claim, accepted 8.8% safety provisions, a committee com- Broadcasting House in February. to cover a 13 -month period. During the prising senior managers from all direc- For over 50 years, the BBC has course of the strike, the BBC set up its torates was set up to review and approve provided pre- retirement courses, but 'Funding the Future' review to seek ways corporate policy. The primary cause of these were expanded to two days, and there are plans to introduce a 'money Above: Trainee matters' seminar for staff aged 48 -50 to journalists on the encourage then to plan for their retire- Asian and Afro - ment. Caribbean Reporters A cycle of counselling skills Trust Scheme workshops was established, primarily for interview the personnel officers. Director- General Left: The new Corporate Management Development workplace nursery Division at White City The primary focus of the year was to increase the reach of management devel- opment activities throughout the BBC, of releasing resources for a more com- injury and dangerous occurrences at so that everyone's potential can be petitive pay structure (see Finance work remains the gap that exists between developed; to ensure that policies and page 95). policy and practice and the priority has practices in recruitment, equal oppor- In general terms, the local and been to heighten awareness of the need tunity, and training and development corporate negotiating machinery proved for safety and proper evaluation of risk. reflect the best professional practice; and effective in resolving disputes and To this end, a one -day foundation to increase the skills of the division's introducing change, such as computer- safety course for managers and produc- staff. ised newsrooms in regional centres and tion staff was developed to accelerate Development activities were extended the introduction of the Parliamentary basic safety training. In addition, it is to cover those at the top of the BBC - by

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 77 14 Personnel continued

the end of the financial year, 120 of the Re- inforcing the claim that the BBC is amended after the 1991 national census. most senior 240 managers had attended a an equal opportunities employer, the The development of practical actions seminar entitled Managing Performance initiatives started last year were devel- to ensure that the BBC affords equal in a Changing World. oped and new projects were started. The opportunities to women and people with In support of this, Corporate Manage- results of the BBC's ethnic monitoring disabilities is nearing completion, and ment Training department successfully exercise pointed the way to the setting almost all directorates now have an equal launched a new range of courses designed of targets for the composition of the opportunities officer and a committee to be linked to `The Next Five Years' - workforce in each directorate. structure for dealing with issues. the BBC's statement of strategic direction. By the year 2000, Network Tele- The department carried out pioneering vision, Network Radio, News and Occupational Health Department work, breaking new ground, for example, Current Affairs, and World Service A health promotion officer was with the highly popular career develop- (excluding the language sections) will aim appointed to provide staff with the ment workshop and the personal devel- for an ethnic composition of 8 %, while information and facilities needed for opment programme for women. the regions will aim for between 1% and them to take more interest in, and The number of people attending 7 %. Non -output directorates such as responsibility for, their own health care. management training courses doubled. Engineering, Personnel, Finance and Individual counselling, seminars, Furthermore, the work of the Office Corporate Affairs will aim for between training groups and exhibitions were all Technology Unit in training staff in word 10% and 13 %. These targets may be used to educate staff about a wide range processing and desktop publishing skills of topics including stress, smoking, continued to be in such demand that new alcohol and coronary heart disease. ways had to be found to meet it. Following the practice of other large A reference point for those wishing employers, the BBC introduced a formal to take responsibility for developing policy to help with problem drinking; their careers was set up. this recognises that specialised help is Policies and practices in recruitment required and focuses on rehabilitation. also came under scrutiny. A major report An information pack was made available led to significant changes in the way selec- to managers. tion procedures are carried out and these By the spring of 1990, a cervical and now reflect some of the best practices in Encouraging staff to look after their health: breast cancer screening programme for industry generally. The BBC's advertising an exhibition organised by Occupational all female staff was completed. work was placed with a new agency. Health Department

15 Advisory Bodies

In response to the Government's more appropriate for the BBC to receive General Advisory Council broadcasting White Paper and on the advice through the General Advisory Drama on radio and television was the recommendation of the Home Affairs Council and through other less formal focus of the Council's April meeting, Select Committee, the BBC carried out means such as seminars, conferences and with much of the discussion centring on during the year a review of its advisory discussion sessions arranged on an ad the high costs involved and whether pro- structure. hoc basis. ductions were put under any constraints The resulting report recommended As a result, the Engineering Advisory by joint financial ventures. Editorial that the role of the General Advisory Committee and the Central Music problems relating to the vast range of Council at the heart of the BBC's Advisory Committee met for the last BBC drama also drew much comment, advisory structure should be re- inforced, time, and the Consultative Group on and the financial and editorial difficulties and that its links with the other advisory Business and Industry, which had not of commissioning new work were raised. bodies should be strengthened. The met since 1988, was not reconstituted. The World Service came under report also concluded that in the areas Steps were taken to enhance the repre- consideration in July. A range of issues of music, business and industry, and sentation of these interests in the GAC. was aired, including the incidence of engineering and technology, it would be jamming of BBC programmes, the

78 BBC Annual Report and Accounts I989/90 Advisory Bodies continued 15

rationale behind continuing trans- convince members of the public that and the likely effect on religious broad- missions to Europe in French and scientific experimentation of this kind casting; it also considered the coverage German, competition from, as well as was either possible or permissible. of religion in news and current affairs. shared facilities with, other world Members were also disappointed by broadcasting organisations, and the Animal Night Debate, broadcast in Central Appeals Advisory Committee continuing discussions over World December as part of BBC2's Animal Advising both the BBC and the IBA, the Service funding by the Foreign and Night. Considering it at their meeting in committee met three times to give advice Commonwealth Office. This was a March, they felt that the main speakers on charity policy and on applications timely presentation and debate in the had been ineffective, although there had from charities for the regular five -minute light of imminent major political changes been some good contributions from the appeals broadcast on radio and in Eastern Europe. floor, and they regretted that an television. The proposed World Service opportunity had been lost to examine A sub -committee advised on the television news was on the agenda in some of the moral and ethical issues distribution in England of funds raised October, when the GAC made news associated with animal experimentation. by the Children in Need appeal; the and current affairs the subject of its Meeting formally three times during regional appeals advisory committees in meeting. A lengthy discussion ranged the year and once at an informal supper Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland over other matters including foreign with editorial staff from radio, members performed a similar task. In October news intake, political pressures and the reviewed the regular output of science 1989, the Children in Need Trust was wider use of regional reporters. Against programmes and continued to provide established, assuming responsibility for a summer of industrial unrest, the ideas and suggestions for programme the distribution of funds. problems of recruitment and retention items. of staff were raised, and the newly Central Music Advisory Committee revamped Ceefax teletext service was Rural and Agricultural Affairs The last meeting of the committee was discussed. Advisory Committee concerned with the future representation Turning its attention to light The committee noted the formation of of music in the BBC's advisory structure. entertainment, the February meeting the BBC's Countryside Unit and wel- At its meeting earlier in the year, found the dominant issue was the matter comed the executive editor to its discussion centred on the role of public of taste, an issue causing concern both meetings. During the year, it discussed a service music broadcasting in a rapidly within and outside the BBC. wide range of topics including broad- changing broadcasting environment. Many members commented on the casting research, the role of independent type of language used in light entertain- producers, and the Hyde Park Cele- Engineering Advisory Committee ment programmes and the need for close bration of Food and Farming Year 1989. This committee also met for the last time. monitoring by the BBC. It was recog- The Duke of Gloucester was guest of During the year it discussed a number nised that the margins of taste were honour at a working lunch in July 1989 of topics including High Definition Tele- notoriously difficult to define, but the where the theme `living and working in vision and the management of engin- BBC had to remain responsible to the the countryside' was discussed. eering research and development work. changing moods and boundaries of At the beginning of 1990, John Hearth public feeling, and the Council felt that CBE, the former chief executive of the Regional and Local Radio Advisory producers should continue to test the Royal and Agricultural Society of Councils water, rather than err on the side of England, became chairman, succeeding The chain of four regional and 37 local caution. Lord Carter who had given six years of radio councils plays a vital part in forging service. and maintaining links between the BBC Science Consultative Group and the communities it serves in There was widespread praise from Central Religious Advisory Committee England. During the year, the councils members for the scientific output of the The committee, which advises the BBC provided help and advice across radio radio and television departments, but and the IBA on matters of policy, met and television on a wide range of matters two programmes caused some concern. during the year under the chairmanship including programme support and pro- In April 1989, the group discussed of the Bishop of Liverpool. gramme policy, legal affairs and fund- the three -part drama First Born, and Drawing its members from the main raising. As in previous years, they agreed it would have preferred the series religious traditions in the United continued to provide valuable support to be labelled `science fiction' rather than Kingdom and including the chairmen of to the annual Children in Need appeal. `fiction'. While accepting the dramatic the religious advisory committees of conventions of the piece, there was Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, criticism, reiterated when the series was the committee gave particular attention repeated in the autumn, that it might to the provisions of the Broadcasting Bill

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 79 16 Engineering

After the Government stated its computer system for text handling was transmitter at Blaenplwyf. intention of moving the transmission provided for BBC Monitoring at Transmitters were commissioned for responsibilities of the BBC and the IBA Caversham, a much -needed facility three new local radio stations, Wiltshire into the private sector, considerable time especially in view of the increasing Sound, CWR (Coventry and Warwick- and effort were spent in providing infor- quantity and diversity of broadcasts shire Radio) and Radio Suffolk, and mation for the consultants appointed to monitored from Eastern Europe. work is under way on the two remaining advise on the best means of achieving Engineering's small energy stations - Surrey & Berkshire, and privatisation. On the evidence presented, management section continued to make Dorset - which will complete the chain the Government accepted that the BBC an impact out of all proportion to its in England. The new stations are FM- should retain control of its transmission size, effecting considerable economies only - they will have no medium-wave activities, at least until the present Charter across the BBC; planning is well under transmitters. expires at the end of 1996. way to take advantage of the opportun- During the year, a new digital In September, BBC Transmission ities that will come with the electricity transmission system was brought into headquarters staff moved from the industry's privatisation. operation carrying BBC national radio London area to a new purpose -built HQ services to the Channel Islands. Pre- in Warwick. Substantial economies have Transmission viously, signals were picked up at been made by the move, planned and Presenting a convincing case against the Alderney off air from high-power trans- executed in under two years, which also broadcasting White Paper's recommen- mitters on the mainland, but a new involved departmental reorganisation dation that the transmission responsi- international frequency plan requiring a and staff reductions. The new location bilities of the BBC should be moved into reduction in the power of signals directed has good access to major travel routes - the private sector with those of the IBA, towards France meant that off-air imperative for an organisation whose was a major concern during the year. reception was no longer viable. Fortun- responsibilities extend not only from one There was also the upheaval of the move ately, BBC engineers were able to design end of the country to the other, but to from London to Warwick. a system that allows the radio signals, in the four corners of the world. Despite these matters, the department digital form, to share an existing link to Major improvements were made to sustained its major effort of improving Alderney which carries television the FM transmission network during the FM coverage, the most spectacular services from the mainland. This method year, particularly for Radio 1 which now results being achieved for Radio 1, which affords considerable savings compared reaches more than three -quarters of the in December got high -power transmitters with conventional alternatives such as a population. at Blaenplwyf in west Wales, Sandale in satellite link or a submarine cable circuit. In April 1989, the Government Cumbria, Tacolneston in Norfolk and Work continued on improving the shelved plans for a sixth terrestrial Wrotham in Kent - the Wrotham trans- transmission networks for the television television service - good news for more mitter replacing a temporary installation services: 24 new relay stations came into than 350,000 people (about 0.7% of the at Crystal Palace. In addition, Radio 1 use and the re- engineering of the more UK population) still unable to receive transmitters at Holme Moss near elderly main and relay stations con- the existing four services because, as a Manchester, Sutton Coldfield near tinued, with transmitters being replaced result, the BBC, in co- operation with the Birmingham, and Wenvoe near Cardiff with modern, energy -efficient designs. IBA, has been able to resume plans to were switched to their permanent Work also proceeded on making a large build further relay stations. frequencies and brought up to full part of the transmission network ready

Important developments took place power. In February 1990, a new Radio 1 for the start of the NICAM 728 stereo during the year at studio centres around FM transmitter entered service at North service in the autumn of 1991. the country. In particular, the new East Hessary Tor in Devon, followed in April More improvements were made at Midlands broadcasting centre opened at by one at Pontop Pike in Durham. BBC World Service transmitting

Nottingham, and a new post -production The Radio 1 FM service now reaches stations. New antennas are being block, carefully styled to complement some 80% of the population. installed at the Atlantic relay station on the main accommodation, opened on the Improvements were also made to the Ascension Island and the Far Eastern BBC site at Bristol. It received a design other national FM services, with new relay station in Singapore. The commendation for its imaginative use of filler stations opening at Kirkconnel BBC-designed, fully automatic natural stone. (Dumfries and Galloway), Haslingden monitoring and control system used so The computerisation of newsrooms, (Lancashire), Chesterfield and Buxton successfully at Daventry, Rampisham, interconnected over a data network, con- (Derbyshire), Bow Brickhill (Beds and Hong Kong and the Seychelles is being tinued at regional and national centres Bucks), and Cornholme, Hebden Bridge installed at Ascension. and at local radio stations. On comple- and Todmorden (West Yorkshire). tion, the system will be one of the largest Radio 4 FM coverage in Wales received of its kind in the world. An advanced a big boost with the opening of a new

80 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Engineering continued 16

Television associated back -up. A completely new Parliament's decision in June 1989 to Work continued at Television Centre to production facility was provided for allow the proceedings of the House of provide post-production facilities on the London's regional television news pro- Commons to be televised for an exper- five technical levels of the new Stage V gramme, formerly provided at the Lime imental period, starting with the Queen's addition. Grove studios in London. Improved Speech in November, involved several The eight- storey building houses contribution arrangements for the pro- Engineering departments in an intensive technical facilities, office accommo- gramme include new single- camera installation programme. dation, and a new music recording studio studios at Oxford and Chatham, both Overseas, major bureaux in Paris, which entered service in July. The first controlled from Elstree. Moscow, Tokyo and Washington were completely new studio of its type to be In studios around the country there modernised. built by the BBC for a number of years, were numerous improvements in it has room for 40 musicians and the graphics facilities, and conversion from Radio design provides some control of the film operation to the new 4 -inch video Following the decision not to build a new acoustics, so that a wide range of musical recording format. Network Radio centre on the White City material can be handled with ease. In the East Midlands at Nottingham, site, a major new development plan for Comprehensive technical facilities are television operations were moved to join Broadcasting House in central London provided, including a 48-channel console local radio at York House, where a began to be formulated. with automation, and 2 -, 8 -, and 24-track television studio and editing suite were Aside from this, studios 8A and 3G audio recorders, all synchronised to added. New OB vehicles entered service re- entered service following major picture. A headphone monitoring system in the Midlands and the North East, and refurbishment, and three new one -man- gives musicians a warning if sound levels in the North West a new base for OB operated studios were commissioned, exceed prescribed limits. vehicles is being constructed at which will offer operational economy for Considerable work was completed at Manchester. In the South West a new appropriate productions. A new Travel Television Centre for the launch of post -production block was completed Centre was built to improve and speed NICAM 728 stereo. at Bristol and technical installation is up the dissemination of travel infor- New electronic graphics equipment progressing, finally replacing the wartime mation throughout the BBC using a was installed for the preparation of wooden huts in the car park. computer -based information system. A photo stills used for the links and trails major project to update the fire alarm presented at programme junctions, and a News and Current Affairs systems in Broadcasting House is under new network stills 'library' was brought News and Current Affairs is in the way, and installation of dry chillers for into use: pictures are stored in digital process of changing over to a new the air conditioning is complete. form, a much more flexible and acces- i -inch television recording format At Maida Vale, studios 4 and 5 were sible method of holding information (Betacam SP) for editing, transmission completely rebuilt to form one of the than the old system, which used 35mm and location shooting. Another country's most comprehensive music transparencies. innovation in location operations has recording studios; and the Radiophonic A transmission area was created for been the introduction of the Camcorder Workshop was again in the forefront of BBC Enterprises, controlling the pro- - combined camera and video cassette innovation - its two latest studios gramme feeds for two satellite-delivered recorder - with its potential for single - represent a radical departure in tech- television services to Europe. operator assignments. nology and layout and are attracting The BBC Television Theatre, which When News and Current Affairs in worldwide interest in the electronic started life 80 years ago as the Shepherds television and radio were combined, it music field. At the Royal Festival Hall, Bush Empire, was out of commission for became apparent that the separate ENS the BBC's installation was modernised; eight weeks during the year while build- (Electronic Newsroom Systems) would simpler concerts are now handled by a ing maintenance staff carried out essential not be able to accommodate the com- permanently installed 24-channel control repairs. A new cooling tower and chiller bined programme activities. This problem desk, while conventional and optical - plant were put in, the front of the theatre has now been overcome with the instal- fibre tie -lines to a new control point was restored to its original decor and the lation of three new computers at allow the use of a full -facility OB vehicle plaster ceiling of the auditorium was Television Centre which handle all script for more complex programmes. renovated. preparation, diaries and wire services. A major technical innovation was the Television production facilities at Improvements in Ceefax computer successful introduction of a mobile satel- Elstree underwent considerable expan- equipment have helped launch an im- lite system to relay stereo programmes sion. Studio A, formerly an unequipped proved teletext service. In particular, back to Broadcasting House from events stage used for filming or as a 'drive -in' faster access can be provided for pages all over the country. Making use of the facility was fully equipped as a general- most likely to be in demand at particular Eutelsat 1 satellite, the system econom- purpose studio, with five cameras and all times of the day. ically shares a transponder with tele-

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 81 I6 Engineering continued

H DTV progresses High Definition Television - HDTV - is broadcaster and viewer to progress in used for the crowd effects and the the next major development in a an 'evolutionary' way, similar to the commentaries were recorded in four medium that has progressed from 405 - progression that occurred in the languages. In fact, BBC HDTV provided line black- and -white to 625 -line colour. change -over from black- and -white to many Germans at the Berlin demon- HDTV will provide a wide -screen colour. In contrast, the Japanese system stration with their only opportunity to picture four times sharper than is 'revolutionary' and does not offer see Steffi Graf and Boris Becker win conventional television and with digital compatible advancement. their Wimbledon finals because, in sound equal to compact disc. One of the many key contributions Germany, Wimbledon was shown live The first full -scale HDTV made by BBC engineers to the HDTV only on cable networks. production to be seen in this country project has been the development of Among other assignments, the

was The Ginger Tree, screened on BBC I Digitally Assisted Television - DATV - Viennese night at the Proms and Tina in December 1989. Viewers, however, which allows the 1250 -line pictures to Turner on Top of the Pops have been could not appreciate HDTV's qualities be squeezed through 625 -line trans- covered in HDTV. Other productions - the four -part drama series, made in mission channels. Original work has planned included participation in an co- operation with the Japanese also been undertaken on the measure- Open University course on materials

broadcaster NHK using the 1 125 -line ment of detailed motion in every part sciences, Covent Garden opera, and system developed in Japan, was of the picture, using phase correlation further sports coverage. necessarily transmitted in conventional techniques. This will form the basis of A joint initiative by the European 625 -line format. many improvements in future picture Community, broadcasters and industry The BBC began work on HDTV quality. which will give economic access to research in the late 1970s and is a The BBC's first programme in HDTV programme- making facilities - leading member of Eureka 95, a HDTV was made at the Open Univer- mainly OB units - is nearing comple- European consortium which is sity to describe the principles of the tion. For its part, the BBC believes that co- ordinating massive European system to delegates at the International HDTV could form the basis of a future research resources in order to develop Broadcasting Convention in Brighton satellite-delivered BBC premium a 1250 -line HDTV standard. This in September 1988. High -definition subscription service. standard will be compatible with the screenings of the 1989 FA Cup Final The BBC presented HDTV to the present 625 -line production studios and the Wimbledon tennis finals were public for the first time at the Ideal and the MAC satellite television shown in August at an international Home Exhibition. The Duchess of Kent receivers that will soon be available in broadcasting convention in Berlin. was among the many thousands who the United Kingdom. The Eureka 95 In addition to the crystal -clear saw the demonstration. HDTV system, therefore, allows both HDTV pictures, surround sound was

vision signals. The radio signal is trans- mitted in digital form, a 3m receiving dish on the roof of BH completely obviating the need for expensive terrestrial circuits and allowing the BBC to control the whole operation from venue to studio. The satellite system is now the first choice for an outside broadcast stereo circuit and is used, on average, three times a week. At Birmingham, Studio 5 returned to service after refurbishment which included the construction of the new studio in what was the control room, and vice versa. The installation, previously mono, now has a modern control desk with 18 stereo channels and 111)T\ camera ii \\'rmhle for the 1989 Cup Final can handle a much greater variety of

82 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989'90 Engineering continued 16

programmes. New or refurbished This could be transmitted by satellite or In the transmission field a new low - national regional facilities completed terrestrial means, or possibly with a cost, compact, easily installed FM trans- included a new transmission suite for mixed approach. The practical introduc- mitter has been designed which will be Radio Ulster, and new presenter- tion of such a system is now the subject used in many of the low -power relay operated continuities for Radio of a co- operative European study under stations being built to improve FM Scotland. In Wales, work is proceeding the Eureka umbrella. BBC engineers are coverage throughout the country. New at Swansea on rebuilding the radio playing an important part in the project radio equipment has been designed to facilities, and in Bangor on a new and have already conducted transmission carry a high-quality music programme newsroom and television studio. In tests. from source to studio. Fifty of these Scotland, the Edinburgh Queen Street BBC engineers are also heavily systems, which make much more premises are being extensively involved with RACE (Research into efficient use of the frequency spectrum modernised. Advanced Communications in Europe), than earlier equipment, are in use in the Two new local radio stations opened a very large group of co- operative BBC. and Radio Derby was converted to stereo European projects established with the Designed by BBC engineers, a small operation. broad aim of producing an integrated medium -wave -to-FM adaptor will enable broad -band communications network schools having FM -only receiving Research and Development for the 1990s. One important RACE installations to receive schools' A large part of Research and investigation, which the BBC is leading, broadcasts on Radio 5 after 27 August Development's work is aimed at is the development of an optical /elec- 1990; 2,500 have been ordered for introducing new digital techniques or tronic system for routeing and switching distribution. refining existing digital systems. audio and video signals in the all- digital BBC-designed control systems have In digital form, a sound or picture studio centre of the future; this will be been supplied for HF transmitting signal is represented by a succession of required to handle multiple standards, stations in the Seychelles and on coded pulses (bits). In a correctly including HDTV (see panel). Ascension Island, and design work has designed system, the digital signal is A lot of research and development started on new control systems for virtually immune from distortion or effort ensures that the BBC is using the stations at Cyprus and Skelton corruption, and programmes can be sent most appropriate and economic tech- (Cumbria). over long distances, or can be almost niques for present -day production and The Television Service frequently endlessly recorded, edited and re- transmission. A typical example is the uses a `walking cameraman' to follow the recorded. The BBC pioneered digital BBC-designed digital audio interface action at such events as the FA Cup Final, systems in the early Seventies when they `transceiver' which will be used the signal from the camera being sent were introduced to distribute radio and extensively in studios in digital audio over a radio link to a static receiving television sound from studio to trans- applications. BBC engineers have point. In the past, there were naturally mitter. Ceefax which followed was the succeeded in incorporating all the problems in keeping down impairments first example of a digital signal broadcast necessary circuit functions on a single caused by multiple propagation paths, directly to the home. silicon chip which, as well as offering but BBC engineers have designed special More recent developments include small size and low -power consumption, antennas which, mounted on the mobile the RDS system, heralding the 'intelli- lends itself to low -cost volume produc- camera, overcome this problem. gent' FM radio, and NICAM 728 digital tion. stereo sound for television. Current developments include bit-rate reduction A one -man radio of video signals; digital editing of video camera with and audio programme material; and the specially developed transmission of television signals in antenna: a BBC digital form, where the BBC is playing a development which major role in conducting tests on alter- received an RTS native systems and is represented on the technology award committee that is drafting a worldwide standard. The compact disc has whetted the public's appetite for the quality that can be obtained from digitally coded sound, and the BBC has been investigating possible frequency allocations for a future digital audio broadcasting service.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 83 17 Enterprises

A year ahead of schedule, BBC Enter- TV movies from the Screen Two series. boom in cable television. In 1986, cable prises achieved the target set by the Significant among the developments television accounted for less than 10% Director -General of doubling turnover in Europe was a joint buying agreement of Lionheart's programme sales; that from the 1985 -86 base of 100 million. between the public broadcasters in proportion is now 55 %. Arts and This was thanks to another year of expan- Denmark, Sweden and Norway, who will Entertainment remains the largest sion which saw BBC Enterprises firmly have a first option deal on BBC pro- customer, with Discovery, Bravo and the established, both at home as a leading grammes. In Holland, buying for the Disney Channel demonstrating increased multi -media publisher, and abroad as various public broadcasters has also appetites for BBC programmes. The Britain's principal exporter and co- been centralised. Discovery Channel is developing the producer of television programmes. A three -year agreement was signed series `The Best of the BBC', which will The increasing scope of Enterprises' with the Israel Broadcasting Authority, draw from the vast supply of science, activities resulted in total business, covering 300 hours of programming history and natural history programming. including co-production deals, of including all 37 plays of the BBC In tandem with cable sales, pro- 214 million. Enterprises sales were 184 Shakespeare series. gramme sales to Public Television in the million, an increase of 19% over the For the first time, an agreement was USA, both nationally and to individual previous year. Pre -tax profits were up by signed with the Mexican state channel stations, continue undiminished. Recent 24% to £14.3 million. Imevision, for 300 hours drawn from successes for Lionheart include Forest Funding of over £45 million went drama, documentary and children's of Fear, a documentary on the co- directly into new BBC television and programmes. radio programme production by way of In Australasia, the Sydney office had re- invested profits and co- productions. a record year for programme sales and for training videos. In Australia, ABC Programme Sales Division continues to showcase the very best of One of the major highlights of the year BBC television across all areas of pro- was the conclusion of an arrangement gramming, while, despite the financial with British Satellite Broadcasting, the troubles of commercial broadcasters, the first ever made between BBC Enterprises Seven Network enjoyed great success and another UK broadcaster. The deal, with BBC comedy programmes, including worth £3.5 million, covers a large pack- 'Allo! 'Allo! and Blackadder. Television age of programmes which BSB will select New Zealand, subject to commercial EastEnders: popular in the United States from the huge archive of the BBC. competition for the first time, retained New arrangements were reached with its position as the BBC's leading customer existence between natives and the Bengal Equity, the actors' union, and with the in terms of programme hours purchased. tiger, sold to Nature, the adaptation of Musicians Union which will introduce In the USA, Lionheart Television, the the London stage play Road, sold to a royalty -based system of payment for BBC's wholly -owned sales and distri- KCET, and A Vision of Britain, Prince performers in BBC TV programmes bution company, returned to profitability Charles' personal view of architecture which are sold overseas. By simplifying and saw a significant demand for BBC and the environment, sold to PBS clearance procedures, this agreement will programmes, largely because of the network. make BBC programmes more easily In addition, two series, EastEnders and available to world markets and is expected Doctor Who and two mini-series The to result in increased sales. Singing Detective and Pennies from Heaven The continuing growth of new continue to sell to PBS stations through- channels, both terrestrial and satellite - out the United States along with a large delivered, in Europe presented many new catalogue of additional programming. opportunities for increased programme Sport, News and Current Affairs sales. BBC Showcase, the annual sales Sales continued its success in marketing forum and screening event held in items from the BBC's world-renowned Brighton, was the biggest yet, attracting coverage of sports events and topical nearly 300 international buyers, and programming. Sports Sales represents resulting in the initiation of sales worth over 30 sports federations; international a record 10.5 million. events including Snooker, Rugby League, Best selling programmes included Rugby Union and European Golf were Around the World in 80 Days, Mother marketed and packaged to meet the Love, Miss Marple, Blackadder, The needs of broadcast and non -broadcast Chronicles of Narnia and a range of Miss Marple: best seller customers around the world. In Japan,

84 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Enterprises continued 17

the contract was renewed for the supply Among the co- production agreements of BBC News every night to NHK's Direct concluded were the international Broadcast satellite channel. The range of documentary series Around the World in current affairs programming sold in- 80 Days with Arts and Entertainment; cluded items from Panorama, Newsnight the innovative wildlife spectacular and The Money Programme. Survivors with Coronet, ABC Australia BBC Library Sales is responsible for and Arts and Entertainment; major drama the licensing around the world of items series such as Portrait of a Marriage with and extracts from BBC programmes, WGBH, Not a Penny More, Not a Penny drawn from the archive of over 400 Less with Paramount /Revcom, and The million feet of film and 150,000 hours Ginger Tree, the BBC's first programme of videotape. One of the largest growth to be shot on High Definition, co- areas is the sale of footage for use in produced with NHK Japan and WGBH. TV commercials. An extract from The In Europe, a spectacular recording Really Wild Show featuring 'Cyril' the of Monteverdi's 'Vespers in Venice' Fast Forward: broke all expectations squirrel negotiating an obstacle course, was co-produced with Deutsche was used in the commercial for Carling Grammophon and Virgin. In preparation for the opening up of Black Label Lager which won the 1990 the listings market, a joint venture was Golden Break Award for the best per- Magazines Division set up with the US company TV Data to formance by an animal in a commercial. It was a most eventful year for BBC establish a bureau in the UK to supply Magazines. In September, the Home television and radio programme details Co- productions Secretary announced that the Broad- to publishers. During the year, BBC Co- productions casting Bill would contain clauses to 'Radio Times' is determined to retain negotiated a record 130 deals with co- make compulsory the licensing of 7 -day its position as the UK's premier tele- producers world -wide, worth 30 million, programme listings to other publishers. vision and radio programme related an increase of 50% on the previous year. However, he emphasised that broad- magazine in the new competitive market- For many major drama and documentary casters would retain their copyright in place that will be introduced when the series, drama films and other pro- the listings, and would be able to charge Broadcasting Bill becomes law. grammes, the finance flowing into BBC for their provision. 'Radio Times', which remains the productions through the department is When the clauses containing the largest circulation weekly magazine in vital. While the USA and Australia Government's proposals were published the UK, introduced a number of new retained their traditional positions as the in March, BBC Magazines issued a dis- design and editorial features, including largest contributors of co- production cussion paper setting out a number of the separation of radio and television finance, the importance of BBC as a possible options for the operation of the listings, better regional coverage, and worldwide co- producer increased with licensing system, and how charges could new regular specialist features and new partners in Europe and Japan. be made. writers. The year also saw a major increase in the number of titles published by BBC Magazines. 'Fast Forward' is a bright new weekly for 7- to 15 -year olds. Launched in September, it quickly broke all expec- tations for circulation and is currently selling over 250,000 copies a week. In February, 'Fast Forward' won first prize in the juvenile magazines section of the Star Products awards, sponsored by trade journal CTN. In October, a new monthly magazine, 'BBC Good Food', was launched. Pro- duced by BBC Magazines' subsidiary, Redwood Publishing, it is aimed at the growing consumer interest in food and drink, and linked to the wide output of BBC radio and television in this area. Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less: niujur an: u- prolution Sales have consistently exceeded targets,

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 85 17 Enterprises continued

necessitating the doubling of the print around the Christmas period. The best- tinues the successful marketing of a order within five months of the launch. selling title was Michael Palin's Around growing range of video -based products In November, BBC Magazines the World in 80 Days, which exceeded for educational and business use. BBC acquired publishers Hartog Hutton, who even the most optimistic predictions, sell- training videos have become established are producing a new quarterly magazine ing over 250,000 copies, and dominating among the leaders in the rapidly growing `Grandstand' - Britain's only general the hardback bestseller lists for an area of management training, with pack- sports magazine. Its superb photographs unprecedented period. Among other ages featuring leading `gurus', such as and contributions from BBC sports corn- strong titles from BBC Books were the Torn Peters, Philip Crosby and Rosabeth mentators and presenters have led to new edition of Delia Smith's `Complete Moss Kanter, and subjects ranging from enthusiastic reader response and success- Cookery Course', the second volume of interviewing skills to quality manage- ful sales. Hartog Hutton also publish `The War Diaries of Rene Artois' from ment. The approach of the Single Euro- `Insight' on behalf of W.H. Smith, and 'Allo! 'Allo!, `Great Journeys' and `The pean Market in 1992 has stimulated `Tracks' for Woolworths. Victorian Kitchen'. interest in the BBC language library of In February, a controlling interest was video and audio cassette packages. acquired in Hyde Park Publications, BBC Video built on its established publishers of `World', `Geographical strength as a leading label in the expand- Magazine', `Environment Now' and, on ing sell- through sector. In 1989, BBC behalf of Virgin Atlantic Airways, Video had more titles in the UK's top 100 `Upper Class'. Under the new name of than any other company, and was voted World Publications, the company will video company of the year by `Video form part of the BBC Magazines group. Business' magazine. The magazines fit well into the long-term Comedy continued as the most strategy of establishing BBC Magazines popular category, with the second and firmly in the natural history, environ- third series of Blackadder selling over ment and conservation sector, an area of half a million cassettes in six months. BBC programming strength, and, in The two Blackadder I cassettes, released magazine terms, already proven com- before Christmas, dominated the video mercially successful with the monthly charts, holding the number 1 and 2 `BBC Wildlife'. positions for several weeks. In order to provide the best possible In the sports arena, further successes distribution service to the news -trade of were scored in golf, rugby and football. all BBC Magazines titles, a new joint ven- New releases, such as `Desert Orchid - ture company, BBC Frontline, has been The Story So Far' and `Boys from Brazil established by BBC Magazines together - The BBC History of the Brazilian World with EMAP, the magazine, newspaper Cup Team' further strengthened the and exhibitions group, and Haymarket The Victorian Kitchen: successful step into BBC's position as the number one video Publishing Group. BBC Frontline will the past company for sport. Scotland's Rugby employ a dedicated retail sales force, and Union Grand Slam victory over England will handle a total of over 100 magazines Educational Publishing also had a was released on BBC Video within a representing a 17% market share. successful year, with the joint venture week of the final. Following the appointment of an with Longmans for publishing school Children were entertained with old Administrative Receiver to take over the text books providing seven new titles favourites and new friends, such as running of Focus Investments Ltd, the including `Poetry of War'. Barney, the lovable sheepdog, Moondial parent company of Focus Magazines BBC Soft, which produces a wide and The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe. which published `Clothes Show' maga- range of educational software linked BBC Records consolidated its success zine under licence, Redwood Publishing with BBC programmes, joined forces over recent years with a number of new has taken over the magazine with the with the Longman Logotron operation albums based on the soundtrack of several intention of relaunching it in autumn to become one of the largest educational major BBC television series, notably The 1990. software publishers. Existing popular Paradise Club and the pulsating music to titles from BBC Soft will form the basis be heard Under African Skies. Robert Consumer Products for the joint operation, and plans are in Parker's `Jazz Classics' continued to do All activities of the Consumer Products hand to develop new titles, either linked exceptionally well in the UK and Europe. Division showed sustained growth. with BBC educational output or 1989 also saw the launch of `The Vintage BBC Books had its best year to date, independent. Collection', a new series highlighting with sales reaching an all-time peak Education and Training Sales con- virtuoso classical performances from the

86 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Enterprises continued 17

past. The album of nostalgic music from out Western Europe. BBC Enterprises by the BBC Ceefax service to their pagers. the repeated BBC2 series Pennies from receive a subscription fee from each This `pocket newscaster' service, believed Heaven rapidly rose to the top of the decoder sold, and have successfully pur- to be the first of its kind in the world, compilation charts. sued legal action against manufacturers enables Mercury pager users to keep in The BBC Radio Collection - gems of `pirate' decoders who were marketing touch with world events as they happen. from the BBC's radio archives on attract- unauthorised decoders and not passing ively packaged audio cassettes - went on a fee to BBC TV EUROPE. Subscription Television from strength to strength. Now firmly BBC Enterprises has been allocated A new company, BBC Subscription established as the number one label in eight hours a day of prime -time broad- Television Ltd, was established to develop talking tapes, the Radio Collection has casting on the European Space Agency's subscription services outside normal sold over one million units through Olympus satellite. A schedule of special- transmission hours on BBC1 and BBC2. record stores and bookshops. The cata- ist and general programming, drawing In February, British Medical Television, logue increases monthly, with the best the first company to offer a daily service of BBC radio comedy, drama, readings downloaded onto the video recorders of and children's programmes. subscribing doctors, went into receiver- BBC Licensing continues to develop ship, principally because of technical rapidly. Merchandise which has been problems with the decoding receiver. licensed to outside manufacturers in- The company was subsequently bought cludes products linked with Neighbours, by Community Service Broadcasting, best -selling board games and a new range who are in discussion about the possi- of designer sportswear based on the BBC bility of restarting a medical service using Sport logo. Meanwhile, Edd the Duck BBC airtime. has become a megastar, thanks to the Despite this setback, the BBC is con- aggressive expansion of children's vinced that there is great potential for character licensing. specialist subscription television, and through the new company, is currently Broadcasting Services pursuing the development of a range of A new division, Broadcasting Services, services. Among the potential audiences was established to market and administer for subscription services are specialist the growing range of Enterprises' activi- Pennies from Heaven: selling in America - and professional groups such as doctors, ties in areas related to transmission and while the music album sells in Britain lawyers, farmers and the business com- new technology. munity; more general audiences with BBC TV EUROPE, the simultaneous particularly on the BBC's reputation for special interests like travel, sailing, theatre relay of the BBC television service, news and current affairs, educational and or music; and specific minority groups switched its transmissions on the instructional broadcasting is currently within the community. Subscription also Intelsat V satellite to the more powerful being developed for the Olympus service, has a number of applications in the field East Spot Beam. The use of this new which will be aimed at subscribing of education and training. As a success- transponder enables reception of the audiences throughout Europe. ful subscription service depends upon service throughout Europe, either via BBC Datacast is now firmly estab- the availability of a reliable decorder, cable or SMATV systems, or direct -to- lished as the premier commercial data priority is being given to the develop- home. Some half a million households broadcasting service, providing a nation- ment of a BBC decoder, which is planned throughout Europe now receive BBC TV wide communications system using the to be ready to support a selection of new EUROPE, which is based on BBC1 existing BBC television transmitter services to be launched in the spring of transmissions, with BBC2 programmes network. In a fraction of a second, 1991. replacing purchased material or feature computer data and other information films. Agreements with cable or SMATV can be sent to any part of the country operators have now been concluded in able to receive normal TV transmissions, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, using spare capacity on the broadcast France, Spain, Portugal, Cyprus, signal. The International Stock Exchange, Yugoslavia and Turkey. Bishopsgate Systems, Coral Racing and To receive BBC TV EUROPE on a Post Office Nu -Media are among users direct -to -home basis, viewers must have of Datacast. a satellite dish and receiver, and purchase An agreement was concluded with the special BBC TV EUROPE decoder, Mercury Paging, which enables Mercury which is available from stockists through- to broadcast the newsflashes provided

BBC Annual Report and Accounts I989Í90 87 18 Awards

If once again the BBC dominated the Hillsborough, which won a special major domestic awards ceremonies, it commendation in the regional current was, above all, Kate Adie's year. affairs category -a category won by BBC The BBC Television Chief News South and East's Friday Report: Condition Correspondent, who braved the bullets Critical, an examination of the problems in Tiananmen Square, won the Royal of the London ambulance service. Television Society judges' award for The BBC won six of the 10 RTS her outstanding contribution to the journalism honours, as well as a special advancement of television journalism; commendation. At BAFTA, the tally was the BAFTA Richard Dimbleby award for 14 wins from 19 categories (and four wins her reports not only from China, but in 11 categories in the craft awards); eight from the Iranian Embassy in London, from 12 categories at the Broadcasting from Northern Ireland and from Libya; Press Guild; and 9 from 11 at TRIC. the Broadcasting Press Guild's outstand- In drama, which did particularly well ing contribution award; and she was at festivals abroad as well as at home, the The Accountant in the Screen One series. named news personality of the year by the most successful productions were Mother The film - and Alfred Molina's performance Television and Radio Industries Club. Love and The Accountant. - won BPG, BAFTA and RTS awards The BBC's coverage of Tiananmen The four-part series Mother Love won Square collected BAFTA's news award, Diana Rigg the best actress award at Sue MacGregor being named as radio shared the RTS international award with BAFTA and the BPG, was voted best personality of the year. The BBC swept ITN, and, abroad, was awarded the BBC TV programme at TRIC, and helped the Board at Sony, winning 27 of the 33 Golden Nymph at the Monte Carlo writer Andrew Davies (also responsible categories. Among the winners were International Television Festival. In Simon Bates' Radio 1 Around the World radio, James Miles, the BBC's Peking Challenge, voted the best outside Correspondent, was named reporter of broadcast, and Northern Ireland's Radio the year in the Sony Awards for his Foyle, voted local station of the year. coverage of events surrounding The Sony gold award was conferred on Tiananmen Square for Radios 1, 2 and 4. Roy Hudd in recognition of his outstand- On Four, Today shared the award for the ing contribution to radio in Radio 2's best response to a news event for its The News Huddlines. coverage of the Romanian revolution A selection of the national and inter- and The Indissoluble Union report from national television and radio awards won Uzbekistan was the best documentary by the BBC during June 1989 -May 1990: feature. Also on Four, The World Tonight was voted best current affairs programme. JUNE It was a strong year for BBC News and BBC Look North cameraman, Ian ' oung Banff Television Festival (Canada): Current Affairs at the RTS. Panorama was named RTS cameraman of the year for Rockie Award for Best Performance won the international current affairs his coverage of the Hillsborough tragedy Special Maggie Smith Talking Heads: Bed award for Charles Wheeler's Bloody Among the Lentils. Sunday report on Tbilisi, Georgia (Jane for A Very Peculiar Practice and Ball -Trap The Royal Geographical Awards 1989: Corbin's The Poisoned Land, The Dying on the Côte Sauvage) to win BAFTA's best Cherry Kearton Medal and Award Sea having already picked up a special writer award. The Accountant, a film in Adrian Warren for wildlife films (BBC environmental award in Monte Carlo); the Screen One series, was voted both South & West). Peter Taylor's trilogy of documentaries, BAFTA's and the BPG's best single Families at War, which marked the 20th drama, with star Alfred Molina also Golden Prague International Television anniversary of the deployment of British being voted best actor by the BPG and Festival: Critics' Prize (Television troops in Northern Ireland, collected the the RTS. Dramatic Works Category) The Firm; home current affairs award; and Ian One of the most popular series of the Critics' Prize (Television Music and Pro- Young was named TV news cameraman year, Michael Palin's Around the World grammes with Music Themes Category) of the year for a portfolio which included in 80 Days, was voted the best docu- Arena: Woody Guthrie; Prize of the Czecho- pictures shot of the Hillsborough tragedy mentary by the BPG and the RTS slovak Television Viewers The Firm. at Sheffield Wednesday's football ground. documentary series. The Richard Cawston Award: The human cost of the tragedy was The BBC won both radio awards at Certificate of Merit The Money examined in a joint programme made by TRIC, Radio 4's Start the Week being Programme: Fortress Europe. BBC North West and North East, After voted best radio programme and Today's

88 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Awards continued 18

J R Freeman News Awards for Out- Medium Market Category) Mike Hurley Chicago International Film Festival: standing Work in Welsh Journalism: (Radio Humberside). Silver Hugo Award Gary Oldman The Radio News Journalist of the Year Firm; Gold Plaque Award Imogen Stubbs Gilbert John (Radio Wales); Television JULY The Rainbow. Current Affairs Journalist of the Year Society of Television Lighting Marian Wyn Jones (BBC Wales); Tele- Directors Award for Excellence in TV NOVEMBER vision News Cameraman of the Year Lighting: Chris Townsend and John 1989 International Emmy Awards (New David Jones (BBC Wales); Radio Current Mason The Chronicles of Narnia. York): Best Arts Documentary Omnibus: Affairs Journalist of the Year Penny Gwen -A Juliet Remembered; Best Popular Roberts (Radio Wales). SEPTEMBER Arts Programme Alexei Sayle's Stuff: Fun Samuel Beckett Award for Television with Magnets; International Council International Radio Festival of New Drama 1988: Best First Play for Founder's Award Paul Fox. York: Grand Award for Best Entertain- Television Blind Justice: The One about ment Programme Used Notes (Radio 2); 1989 Argos Awards for Consumer the Irishman. Gold Medal for Best Music Special Used Journalists: Radio Prize Lorna Birchley Notes; Gold Medal for Best Nostalgia Venice Film Festival: Best Actress (joint for an item on the cattle disease BSE in Format Pick of the Pops (Radio 1); winners) Dame Peggy Ashcroft and Face the Facts (Radio 4); Special Award Gold Medal for Best Talk /Interview Geraldine James She's Been Away; "La Paul Kobrak and David Berry for their Special Three at 30: Marvin Gaye (Radio 1); Navicella" and "Ciak d'Oro" She's Been Moneyfax campaign (Radio 1 and Gold Medal for Best Entertainment Away. Radio 4). Magazine Programme Hurley Burley 1989 Prix Italia: Prix Italia (Television (Radio Humberside); Silver Medal for DECEMBER Music Category) Duke Bluebeard's Castle; Best Health/Medical Category What's Royal Television Society Educational Special Commendation (Radio Music Love Got to Do with It? (Radio 1); Silver Television Awards: Primary School TV Category) Swansong (Radio 3); Special Medal for Programmes Dealing With a Category Who-Me ?: Independence; Adult Mention (Radio Ecology Category) National Issue Rhythm 'n' Booze: Our Continuing Education Category Take Kaleidoscope: Who Killed Press Heath? Favourite Drug (Radio 1); Silver Medal Nobody's Word For It. (Radio 4). for Best News Magazine Programme The Sandford St Martin Trust Religious Today (Radio 4); Silver Medal for Best OCTOBER Television Awards: Runner -up Breaking News Story Radio Derby's United Nations Association Media Everyman: As We Forgive Them; Merit coverage of M1 Kegworth air disaster; Peace Prize 1988: Exiles: Erich Fried. Award The Cry: Cry of Joy; Special Award Silver Medal for Best Culture /Arts for Contribution to Religious Television America: The Movie (Radio 4); Bronze 3rd International Audiovisual David Winter. Medal for Best Radio Personality (Major Programme Festival - FIPA 1989 Market Category) Steve Wright in the (Cannes): Best Actor the entire cast of One World Broadcasting Trust Afternoon (Radio 1); Bronze Medal for Journey's End. Awards: Premier Award Tim Best Commentary/Analysis Sport on 2 Grout -Smith Development 89 (BBC Sci -Tech 89: Medicine Award QED: (Compilation 1988) (Radio 2); Bronze World Service; Special Commendations Keyhole Surgery; British Gas Award (joint Medal for Best Newscast Series Six Andy Kershaw and Roger Lewis World winner) Horizon. O'Clock News (Radio 4); Bronze Medal Music: Andy Kershaw in Zimbabwe, Jan for Best Radio Personality (Small/ British Environment and Media Rogers Speak -Easy (BBC Radio Derby), Awards: National Radio Category the Kate Butler and Helen Eisler Mama Green One campaign (Radio 1). Punda (BBC South & West).

1989 Asia- Pacific Broadcasting Union 5th World Television Festival (Tokyo): Prize: The Dream (Radio 1); External Jury Award Shadow on the Earth. Broadcast Prize Nightly Letter election special (Urdu service, BBC World JANUARY Service). 11th Annual Network ACE Awards - American National Academy of Cable Royal Television Society Design Programming (Los Angeles): Best Awards: Make -up Design Shaunna Cultural /Performing Arts Special /Series Harrison Tumbledown; Production Omnibus: Irving Berlin- The Voice of the Design Bruce Macadie No 27; Graphic City; Best International Dramatic Design John Kennedy Inside Story.

Ro Hudd - Sony Gold Award winner

BBC Annual Report and Accounts I989'90 89 18 Awards continued

Series /Mini Series The Rainbow; Best 30th International Television Festival Minutes; Best Light Entertainment International Dramatic Special /Movie of Monte Carlo: Gold Nymphs (News Programme Clive James on the 80s; Best Sweet as You Are; Best International Reportage Category) news report from Comedy Series Blackadder Goes Forth; Theatrical Special /Series The Rivals; Best Kate Adie and her crew in Tiananmen Best News /Outside Broadcast Coverage International Educational /Instructional Square; (Television Film Category) One Tiananmen Square massacre (BBC Special /Series The Wolf in Your Living Way Out; Silver Nymph (Mini Series News); Best Actress Diana Rigg Mother Room (BBC South & West). Category) David Lodge Nice Work; Love; Best Light Entertainment Special Environmental Award Panorama: Performance Rowan Atkinson 32nd International Film and TV The Poisoned Land, The Dying Sea. Blackadder Goes Forth; Huw Wheldon Festival of New York: Gold Medal Award Omnibus: Art in the Third Reich; (Nature and Wildlife Category) Royal Television Society Journalism Best Children's Programme (Entertain- Supersense: Sixth Sense (BBC South & Awards 1990: Judges' Award Kate Adie ment /Drama) Maid Marian and Her West); Silver Medal (Breaking News for outstanding contribution to TV Merry Men; Best Children's Programme Story Category) coverage of the murder journalism; International News Award (Documentary /Educational) The Really of two British corporals in Andersons- (joint winner) BBC News Team for Wild Show (BBC South & West); town in March 1988 (BBC Northern coverage of Tiananmen Square; Inter- Writer's Award Andrew Davies; Richard Ireland). national Current Affairs Award Dimbleby Award Kate Adie; Fellowship Panorama: Tbilisi - Bloody Sunday; British Association for the of the Academy Paul Fox; Desmond Television News Cameraman of the Year Advancement of Science Film and Davis Award John Lloyd. Ian Young (BBC North East); Home Television Awards 1989: Technology Current Affairs Award Families at War: Anglo German Foundation Journalism Award QED: Keyhole Surgery; Certificate The Volunteer; Regional Current Affairs Prizes 1990: Electronic Media Award of Merit (joint winner) Take Nobody's Award Friday Report: Condition Critical Ben Bradshaw for his coverage of the Word For It. (BBC South & East); Special Commen- events leading up to the opening of the dation After Hillsborough (BBC North Berlin Wall (BBC World Service). West and BBC North East). APRIL British Sports Association for the BP /Industrial Society Awards for Disabled Media Awards 1990: Top Industrial Journalism: Radio Award Television and Radio Programme File on 4 (Radio 4) programme on the Downhill Struggle (BBC South & West). aftermath of the Piper Alpha disaster; Campaigning Journalist of the Year MARCH Helen Boaden File on 4; Television SmithKline Beecham Medical Radio Journalist of the Year David Lomax and Awards: Gold Certificate Sharon Banoff the Business Matters team for their report and Michael O'Donnell Relative Values on the Agnelli family and the Fiat Motor (Radio 4); Gold Award Special Zina Rohan Company. and John Newell Playing God (BBC World Service); Silver Certificate Sarah Rowlands Television and Radio Industries Club Never the Same Again (BBC Pebble Mill). Awards 1990: News Personality/ Presenter of the Year Kate Adie; BBC The Really Wild Show: winning its third 3rd Television Rencontres Européennes TV Personality of the Year Clive James; BAFTA award de Reims: Public Jury Award for Best Best BBC TV Programme of the Year Fiction Film Precious Bane; Professional Mother Love; Children's Programme of FEBRUARY Jury Award for Best Actress Janet the Year Going Live!; Science -based San Francisco International Film McTeer Precious Bane. Programme of the Year QED; New TV Festival: Golden Gate Award for Best BAFTA Craft Awards 1989: Best Video Talent of the Year Naked Video (BBC Broadcast Television Feature Beyond the Lighting Clive Thomas The Ginger Tree; Scotland); Theme Music of the Year Pale (BBC Northern Ireland). Best Sound Supervisor Graham Haines 'Carmina Valles' by Nigel Hess from Variety Club Awards 1989: BBC Love for Three Oranges; Best Film Editor Summer's Lease; Radio Personality of Television Personality Rowan Atkinson; Howard Billingham Around the World in the Year Sue MacGregor (Radio 4); BBC Radio Personality Simon Mayo and 80 Days: Oriental Express; Best Video Radio Programme of the Year Start the Sybil Ruscoe (Radio 1). Cameraman Ron Green The Ginger Tree. Week (Radio 4).

BAFTA Production and Performance Broadcasting Press Guild Awards: Best Awards: Best Single Drama The Single Drama The Accountant; Best Accountant; Best Factual Series 40

90 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 90 Awards continued 18

Documentary Series Around the World in Situation Comedy Blackadder Goes Forth; 80 Days; Best Children's Programme The Best Outside Broadcast Award Lord Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian and Olivier Memorial Service; Children's The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; Best Award (Factual) The Lowdown: Brave Performance by an Actor Alfred Molina Heart; Children's Award (Drama and The Accountant; Best Performance by an Light Entertainment) Maid Marian and Actress Diana Rigg Mother Love; Her Merry Men; Best Arts Programme Outstanding Contribution to Television Arena: Tales from Barcelona; Technique Kate Adie; Outstanding Contribution to Award Brendan Shore for sound on Radio Brian Matthew (Radio 2); Metamorphosis; Technology Award for Outstanding Programme Contribution Communications Innovation John Scott (joint winners) Andy Kershaw (Radio 1) for the one -man radio camera; Special and Week Ending (Radio 4). Gerry Anderson, Radio Ulster: Sony local Commendation (Drama) A Wanted Man. radio personality of the year Ohio State Awards: Social Sciences and Public Affairs Category Boy Soldiers (BBC Radio Reporter of the Year James Miles World Service). (BBC Peking Correspondent); Smash Hits Best National DJ Bruno Brookes Glaxo Science Writers' Awards: Best (Radio 1); Best Children's Programme/ Television Programme (Nature special) Programming /Series In the News (Radio 4); The State of Europe: A Poisoned Best Magazine Programme Country Inheritance (BBC South and West); Best Matters (Radio Gloucestershire); Best Radio Programme Beyond the Ark Education Programme /Programming/ (Radio 4) and It's Technology: Servant or Series The Health Show (Radio 4); Radio Master? (BBC World Service); Best Entry Academy Creative Award My Dog has in any Medium Wireless Therapy: Fleas (Radio 4); Local Station of the Improving Human Health in the 1980s Year Radio Foyle; Best Outside Broad- (Radio Scotland). cast The Radio 1 Around the World Sony Radio Awards: Best Documentary Challenge (Radio 1); Best Technical Feature (Music and Arts) Dear Miss Achievement Swansong (Radio 3); Pym, Dear Mr Larkin (Radio 4); Best Outstanding Service to the Community Classical Music Programme Tasting (joint winners) Face the Facts (Radio 4) Notes (Radio 3); Best Rock and Pop and Varying Degrees (Radio Ulster); Programme Not Fade Away -A Tribute Local Radio Personality Gerry Anderson Maid Marian and Her Merry Men: to Buddy Holly (Radio 1); Best Breakfast (Radio Ulster); Special Award for double award winner Show Breakfast Live (BBC Hereford & Service to Radio The Radio Drama Worcester); Best Documentary Feature Company; Gold Award for Outstanding (General) Never the Same Again (Radio 4); Contribution to Radio Over the Years Giles Cooper Awards: The five 1989 Best Daily News Programme Today Roy Hudd (Radio 2). winners of the coveted BBC /Methuen (Radio 4); Society of Authors Award Giles Cooper Awards - which aim to for Best Original Script The Rime of the MAY encourage established radio drama writers Bounty (Radio 4); Best Actress Marsha Montreux 1990 Awards: Golden Rose and to discover new ones - were Richard Mason Visitor from Hollywood (Radio 4); (Independent Category) Nigel Kennedy: Nelson Eating Words (Radio 4); Jennifer Best Actor Timothy West The Price Four Seasons (Zenith North and Picture Johnston O Ananias, Azarias and Misael (Radio 4); Best Drama Production The Music International); City of Montreux (Radio 4 /Northern Ireland); Elizabeth Bass Saxophone (Radio 3); Society of Prize (Independent Category) Carrott's Baines The Baby Buggy (Radio 4/ Authors Award for Best Dramatisation/ Commercial Breakdown (Celador Manchester); Craig Warner By Where Adaptation A Tale of Two Cities (Radio 4); Productions Ltd). the Old Shed Used to Be (Radio 3 /Bristol) Best Documentary Feature (News and and David Zane Mairowitz Stalin Sonata Royal Television Society Programme Current Affairs) The Indissoluble Union - (Radio 3). and Technology Awards 1989: Cotton, Chemicals and Corruption (Radio 4); Performance Awards Alfred Molina Best Current Affairs Programme The The Accountant and Virtuoso and Janet World Tonight (Radio 4); Best Response McTeer Precious Bane; Best Drama Serial to a News Event (joint winner) Today: Nice Work; Best Documentary Series The Romanian Revolution (Radio 4); Around the World in 80 Days; Best

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 91 19 Statistics

TELEVISION HOURS OF OUTPUT 1989/90 Regional Network Programmes service BBC1 BBC2 Total only Total Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours BBC productions Programmes produced in London 3,422 2,600 6,022 6,022 Programmes produced in the regions England - Midlands 262 290 552 283 835 - North East 77 98 175 441 616 - North West 52 53 105 423 528 - South & East 123 430 553 658 1,211 - South & West 7 15 22 379 401 Northern Ireland 69 120 189 522 711 Scotland 17 32 49 532 581 Wales 340 274 614 241 855 Total programmes produced in the regions 947 1,312 2,259 3,479 5,738 Total BBC productions (excluding Open University) 4,369 3,912 8,281 3,479 11,760

Independent productions 244 81 325 48 373 Purchased programmes 1,724 1,245 2,969 2,969 Open University 128 713 841 841 Total hours of broadcasting 6,465 5,951 12,416 3,527 15,943 Notes 1 Network transmission hours exclude trade test transmissions and Ceefax which amounted to 528 hours in 1989/90. 2 In addition to the regional service only, S4C transmitted 526 hours of BBC programmes.

RADIO HOURS OF OUTPUT 1989/90 Regional Network Programmes service Local Radio 1 Radio 2 Radio 3 Radio 4 Total only radio Total Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours

Programmes produced in London 7,573 8,307 5,085 6,262 27,227 27,227 Programmes produced in the regions England - Midlands 366 468 442 1,276 1,276 - North East 68 3 42 113 113 - North West 69 249 432 290 1,040 1,040 - South & East 10 2 12 12 - South & West 80 243 448 771 771 Northern Ireland 5 73 43 121 4,664 4,785 Scotland 31 202 54 287 6,173 6,460 Wales 7 212 44 263 9,054 9,317 Community stations 5,117 5,117 Total programmes produced in the regions 69 816 1,633 1,365 3,883 25,008 28,891 Total programmes produced in London and the regions 7,642 9,123 6,718 7,627 31,110 25,008 56,118

Local radio 178,833 178,833 Open University 63 126 189 189 Total hours of broadcasting 7,642 9,123 6,781 7,753 31,299 25,008 178,833 235,140

92 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Statistics continued 19

VIEWING AUDIENCES 1989/90 The average amount of viewing per head per week in 1989/90 was about 241 hours, of which BBC Television accounted for 49 %. Over the course of a typical week nearly everybody (99 %) who watches television views some BBC Television, the average for such BBC viewing being just over 12 hours a week. The table below shows, in per cent, the daily and weekly reach for the various channels, that is the proportion of the population viewing that channel at all during the week. The average amount of viewing per week is given in hours and minutes together with the percentage share of total viewing attracted by each channel. Reach % of population (aged 4 +) Viewing per head /week Share of viewing Daily Weekly Hrs:Mins

BBC1 66.4 92.1 9:24 38 BBC2 35.0 79.5 2:37 11 Any or all BBC 69.9 92.9 12:01 49 ITV 63.6 90.9 10:18 42 C4 /S4C 33.2 76.8 2:09 9 Any or all commercial 67.7 92.1 12:27 51 Any or all television 77.8 94.1 24:28 100 Source: BARB /AGB April 1989 /March 1990

AVERAGE AUDIENCES FOR A SELECTION OF BBC PROGRAMMES APRIL 1989 /MARCH 1990 Figures in millions of viewers. BBC1 Light Entertainment Sport Programmes for Children and Bread 13.2 Grand National 1989 11.9 the Family Only Fools and Horses 13.2 Commonwealth Games: Chronicles of Narnia 9.1 Victoria Wood 12.5 800m Final Highlights 10.7 Jim'll Fix It 7.2 Birds of a Feather 12.5 FA Cup Final 10.2 Grange Hill 6.0 Brush Strokes 12.0 Wimbledon: Women's Singles Little Sir Nicholas 6.0 9.5 Children's Royal Variety Final Rolf Harris Cartoon Time 5.9 Performance 11.9 Sports Review of the Year 9.4 Byker Grove 5.7 Blackadder Goes Forth 11.7 Boat Race 1989 8.4 Blue Peter 5.6 Challenge Anneka 10.4 General Interest Drama Antiques Roadshow 12.4 BBC2 Neighbours 17.6 Crimewatch UK 10.5 Wimbledon: Men's Singles Final 11.7 EastEnders 16.6 Around the World in 80 Days 10.1 World Cup Football: Poland v. England 7.6 Bergerac 12.6 Wildlife on One 9.7 Forty Minutes: Inside Broadmoor 6.8 Casualty 11.7 News 39 9.4 Hearts of Gold 7.3 World Snooker Final All Creatures Great and Small 10.9 Highlights (1989) 6.4 Take Me Home 10.4 News and Current Affairs Blackeyes 5.5 Miss Marple: Caribbean Mystery 10.3 Six O'Clock News 8.2 French and Saunders 5.4 Nine O'Clock News 7.9 Dead Lucky 5.0 Question Time 4.8 Food and Drink 5.0 Panorama 4.7 Comic Strip Presents 4.0 One O'Clock News 4.5 Naked Video 3.8 On the Record 1.6 Breakfast Time (peak) 1.2

AUDIENCE APPRECIATION Audience appreciation ratings from the BARB Television Opinion Panel are expressed on a scale from 0 to 100. Among programmes achieving an Appreciation Index of 75 or above from the Television Panel were: 85 Plus 80 Plus 75 Plus Precious Bane 'Allo, 'Allo! Chelworth Only Fools and Horses Summer's Lease Great Journeys Africawatch Red Dwarf III Kilroy Lost Worlds, Vanished Lives Casualty The Travel Show The Vet One Foot in the Grave Survivors Campion The Home Front Naked Video One Man and His Dog

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 93 19 Statistics continued

LISTENING AUDIENCES 1989/90 The total amount of listening, averaged over the whole population in 1989/90, was just under 10 hours per head per week. The BBC services accounted for a 68% share of this total and ILR and other non -BBC stations for the remaining 32 %. The table below shows the percentage of the population listening to each service on the average day or week (reach). The average amount of listening both by the population as a whole and by listeners, or patrons, to each service are also shown, together with the share of total listening achieved by each service. Listening Listening Reach % of population (aged 4 +) per head per week per patron per day Share of listening Daily Weekly Hrs: Mins Hrs:Mins

Radio 1 1F6 29 2:32 3:07 26 Radio 2 8.4 19 1:43 2:53 17 Radio 3 F3 5 0:12 2:14 2 Radio 4 7.7 15 1:07 2:04 12 Local Radio 5.2 17 0:57 2:37 9 National Regions F3 4 0:10 2:04 2

Any or all BBC 32.0 60 6:44 3:00 68

ILR 13.7 31 2:58 3:05 30 Other non -BBC 0.7 n/a 0:09 2:59 2

Any or all radio 43.9 74 9:52 3:12 100 Source: Daily Survey of Listening

SOME TYPICAL RADIO AUDIENCES Monday -Friday audiences represent a daily average figure. Figures in millions of listeners. RADIO 1 RADIO 2 RADIO 4 Simon Mayo (Mon -Fri) 3.8 Derek Jameson (Mon -Fri) 2.7 News 8am (Mon -Fri) 1.9 Top 40 (Sunday) 3.5 Melodies for You (Sunday) 2.0 Today 8.10am (Mon -Fri) 1.4 Simon Bates (Mon -Fri) 3.1 Jimmy Young (Mon -Fri) 1.9 The Archers Omnibus (Sunday) 1.1 Dave Lee Travis (Saturday) 3.1 Desmond Carrington (Sunday) 1.9 Any Questions? (Saturday) 0.8 Steve Wright (Mon -Fri) 2.6 Ken Bruce (Mon -Fri) 1.8 Desert Island Discs (Friday) 0.7 RADIO 3 Call Nick Ross (Tuesday) 0.7 Record Review (Saturday) 0.3 Woman's Hour (Mon -Fri) 0.5 Composers of the Week (Mon -Fri) 0.2 The Afternoon Play (Mon -Fri) 0.4 Morning Concert (Mon -Fri) 0.2

AUDIENCE APPRECIATION Audience appreciation of programmes is derived from the Listening Panel and expressed on a scale from 0 to 100. Among programmes achieving a Reaction Index of 80 and above were: RADIO I RADIO 2 RADIO 4 The Clapton Concerts Sport on 2 The News Quiz Dreams - Roy Orbison Tribute Desmond Carrington All Time Greats Face the Facts Dave Lee Travis - Weekend Shows Friday Night is Music Night The World This Weekend Adrian Juste Anne Robinson Smiley's People RADIO 3 Dame Myra Hess Proms 89 Handel in Rome The Importance of Being Earnest

94 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Finance 20

During the year under review, income from licences the 'Funding the Future' review, but the cost of went up slightly as more viewers converted from relocation from Broadcasting House and other monochrome to colour and the number of house- buildings in London, W 1, could not be financed. holds with a TV set increased. By 31 March 1990, On pay, the Corporation -wide Peat Marwick there were 18 million colour licences and McLintock consultancy survey, which also takes 1.7 million mono licences in force. During the year in grading and conditions of service, was begun, licence fees were £66 for colour and £22 for black looking particularly at comparisons with the private and white, but from 1 April 1990, in line with the sector. The results of the survey so far suggest that Retail Price Index, the cost of a colour licence fee pay in the BBC is not universally uncompetitive rose to £71 and mono to £24. and that the problem affects some skills and grades This RPI mechanism, introduced by the Home more than others. Office for a three year period, is due for discussion Implementation of the recommendations will during 1990/91. result in selective changes in pay rates and conditions As a result of the Broadcasting Bill, the BBC will to make the BBC more competitive in the Nineties take over the responsibility for the collection of and better able to keep the staff so vital to its ability licence fees from April 1991 and is looking very to maintain the range and quality of programming hard to see if alternative methods can save on the in an increasingly competitive market. £65m the Post Office currently charges annually for the service. BBC Enterprises Ltd The Government introduced two new schemes Enterprises' turnover reached record levels at £184m during the year which allow viewers to pay for their excluding £30m co-production finance raised for colour licence by direct debit in quarterly instal- BBC television. This was achieved through organic ments. Since the schemes were introduced they have growth, acquisitions and title launches by the rapidly been taken up for over 6% of licence renewals. diversifying Magazines division. Pre -interest profits Corporate cash reserves were depleted during were 17% upon 1988/89. the year but high interest rates increased overall A major deal with BSB, the sales of the Blackadder interest income slightly. programmes and videos and the series and book of Although this was the second year when Around the World in 80 Days illustrated the successful expenditure was controlled using a priority based growth in commercial activities. budgeting approach, costs continued to outstrip increases in the RPI and the Government's require- Capital expenditure ment for the BBC to commission a quota of TV The main area of investment was the development programmes from independent producers by 1993 at White City where £26m was spent on building began to apply an additional squeeze. works for Phase I and a further £4m on the planning In 1989/90, nearly 400 hours of independent and design of the subsequent phases of the site. television programmes were transmitted and £1 2m was spent on the extension and technical pressure to reduce in -house staff and resources has equipping of Television Centre to allow consoli- been maintained. dation of accommodation on the site and £12m was During last summer's industrial action, concern invested in the freehold purchase of previously leased that the BBC's rates of pay were uncompetitive led premises in West London. The development of to the major 'Funding the Future' review under Regional Broadcasting centres required expenditure Director of Finance Ian Phillips (see panel page 96). of £ 13m while the televising of Parliament experi- The six month inquiry which examined ways of ment has required a further £4m expenditure. In releasing resources for a more competitive pay addition, £15m was spent on the extension and structure, without affecting the range and quality replacement of the transmitter networks. of programmes, dominated the year. Much of the detailed plans for achieving the savings are still being World Service worked on and wherever possible will be achieved The BBC World Service Grants -in -Aid from the through natural wastage and retraining, but much Foreign and Commonwealth Office, determined on greater use of contracting out for support functions a three year cycle of which 1989/90 was the second such as cleaning, catering and security will inevitably year, were overtaken by inflation. The World Service lead to some job losses. also faced the ongoing challenge of achieving efficiency Abandoning plans to build a Network Radio improvements of at least 1.5% a year. The Grants - centre as Phase III of the White City project was in-Aid cover capital and operating expenditure for perhaps the most difficult decision reached under broadcasting in English and 37 foreign languages

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 90 95 20 Finance continued

'Funding the Future' Set up in the summer of 1989 to examine ways of Regional Broadcasting finding the money to improve pay, the 'Funding Merge the North East and North West regions the Future' committee invited and received into one region, while retaining separate hundreds of ideas from staff and carried out programme and advisory structures.

interviews at every level of the BBC. Achieve economies of Um a year by 1993 from In the context of the index linked licence fee network productions made in the regions and up and rising costs in the increasingly competitive to £3m from local radio. broadcasting industry, the review focused on Consider potential savings in local television defining the BBC's activities more sharply to and radio services in Scotland and Wales. prepare for the Nineties. On the basis of its Consider reducing the number of local opt -out recommendations, the Board of Governors programmes in England, combining these to cover approved measures that will result in savings of at larger regional areas.

least £75m a year by 1993. The most important decisions were: Engineering Subject transport services to tender, reduce the Network Radio costs of Architectural and Civil Engineering

Drop plans to develop a radio centre at White Department and close Ware central supply stores. City, saving £200m on capital expenditure. Close the BBC Radio Orchestra, except for its Central Support Areas Big Band section. Reduce the costs by at least 10 %.

Network Television Capital Spending Make savings of £25m a year by 1993 by measures The annual spend on Home Services capital projects including the contracting out of specific resources is to be reduced by 10 %. in both programme- making and administration.

Also as a result of the recommendations, the News and Current Affairs possibility of relocating some of the BBC's activities Save £5m a year by 1993 from productivity and away from the high cost South East is to be improved working methods. examined. Reduce the capital costs of the new White City News and Current Affairs centre.

and, separately, monitoring of domestic broadcasts grammes to overseas broadcasters by the from other countries. Broadcasting output grew to Transcription Service. The World Service's 7851 hours per week, the highest since the Second programme magazines in English 'London Calling' World War. and Arabic 'Huna London' both increased their During the year, the FCO, in co- operation with advertising and subscription income. the BBC and the Treasury, began to examine how Capital expenditure of 25m was principally inflation can be allowed for in the next three year devoted to new transmitters in the UK and at funding period. It also agreed to consider additional overseas relay stations and on improvements to the finance to meet an expected increase in rent for technical facilities in Bush House. The major part Bush House, the headquarters of the World Service. of the modernisation of the monitoring facilities at Increases in commercial revenue were achieved Caversham was also completed with the opening of from the sale of BBC English language teaching the new extension and the introduction of the materials and the sale of recordings of BBC pro- computerised text handling and publishing system.

96 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Financial Statements 21

Auditors' Report

chartered accountants PO Box 207 a member firm of 128 Queen Victoria Street Coopers London EC4P 4JX &ybrand &Lybrand telephone 071 583 5000 (International) telex 894941 Deloitte facsimile 071 -248 3623

To the Members of the British Broadcasting Corporation

We have audited the financial statements on pages 98 to 113 in accordance with auditing standards. In our opinion the financial statements, prepared on the basis set out in the statement of accounting policies, `form of accounts' on page 98, give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Corporation at 31 March 1990 and of its income and expenditure and source and application of funds for the year then ended.

Coopers & Lybrand Deloitte Chartered Accountants

London 28 June 1990

Deloitte Haskins & Sells, our Auditors, have merged their practice with Coopers & Lybrand and now practise in the name of Coopers & Lybrand Deloitte. They have signed their Auditors' report in their new name.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 97 21 Financial Statements continued

Statement of Accounting Policies Income (a) Home Services Group The British Broadcasting Corporation is a body corporate set up by Income receivable from the Home Office is that derived from television Royal Charter and operating under licence from the Home Office. broadcast receiving licences and represents the amount collected in the Its object is to provide a public service of broadcasting for general year less expenses, principally those of the Post Office, incurred in reception at home and overseas. In order to fulfil this object the. administering the licence fee system, in collecting the licence fees and Corporation receives income from the Home Office derived from in investigating complaints by the public of interference in broadcast television broadcast receiving licences to finance its Home Services, reception. The amount which the Home Office can pay to the Home from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Grants -in -Aid for its Services for any year cannot exceed the total amount voted by Parliament World Service and from the Open University a grant to provide for that year, and variations between income collected and the vote are audio -visual material associated with its courses. allowed for in the following year. The principal accounting policies adopted by the Corporation are Income received by the BBC Enterprises Group represents licence set out below. fees from the distribution of joint productions, agency fees from the distribution of programmes on behalf of the BBC and from other Form of accounts producers' titles and from the sale of magazines, books, videos, records The annual financial statements are prepared under the historical cost and tapes, character merchandising and income from exhibitions, convention and are in accordance with generally accepted accounting shops, data transmission and other facilities. principles including UK Statements of Standard Accounting Practice. The Open University Production Centre receives an annual grant The Home Services Group financial statements (on pages 100 to from the Open University and generates additional income from 107) are presented in the form of consolidated financial statements organisations in the educational field. including the BBC's commercially operated subsidiaries forming the

BBC Enterprises Group. With effect from 1 April 1989, the Open (b) World Service University Production Centre has also been consolidated and the Income is derived from Grants -in -Aid from the Foreign and comparative figures for 1988/89 have been restated. Commonwealth Office which cannot exceed the total amount voted The World Service receives specific Grant -in -Aid funding which by Parliament for the year. Sums received are intended to meet estimated is not available to fund other BBC activities and separate financial expenditure but unexpended receipts for the year are not liable to statements are therefore prepared for this service (on pages 108 to surrender. 113). Exchange differences BBC Enterprises Group Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are expressed in sterling at The consolidated financial statements of the BBC Enterprises Group are the rates of exchange ruling at 31 March. Surpluses and deficits arising made up to 31 March. Its trading profits are included as a contribution from the translation at these rates of exchange of assets and liabilities, to expenditure in the income and expenditure account of the Home together with exchange differences arising from trading activities, are Services Group and its assets and liabilities are included in the taken to the statements of income and expenditure. consolidated balance sheet. The profit and loss accounts of overseas subsidiaries are translated Goodwill, being the net excess of the cost of shares in subsidiaries into sterling at month-end rates. Exchange differences arising on over the value attributable to their net tangible assets on acquisition, consolidation are taken directly to reserves. is deducted from the operating reserve in the year of acquisition. Deferred taxation The Corporation provides deferred taxation calculated under the liability method to take account of timing differences between the treatment of certain items in the financial statements and their treatment for taxation purposes except to the extent that the Corporation considers it reasonable to assume that such timing differences will continue in the future.

98 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Financial Statements continued 21

Pensions Investment in programmes for future sale The UK Statement of Standard Accounting Practice on accounting for In the BBC Enterprises Group, investment in programmes for future pension costs has been adopted from 1 April 1989. From that date the sale is stated at cost, after writing off the costs of programmes that are charge to the income and expenditure account for pensions comprises considered irrecoverable, less accumulated amortisation. The the regular pension cost reduced by the amortisation of the scheme amortisation is charged against income over the average marketable surplus over the average remaining service lives of employees in the life, which is estimated to be five years. The cost and accumulated scheme. amortisation of `Investment in programmes for future sale' are reduced by the value of programmes fully amortised. Research and development Research and development expenditure is written off as incurred. Programme stocks The external cost of programmes for transmission in future years, Fixed assets consisting principally of artists' fees, facility and copyright fees, design Home Services and World Service expenditure on fixed assets above and scenic service costs, and acquisition costs is stated after deducting 1,000 is capitalised and depreciation is calculated so as to write off the contributions from other organisations and is carried forward and cost of fixed assets by equal annual instalments over the period of their charged to operating expenditure on first transmission of the estimated useful lives. For larger value schemes depreciation commences programme. from the date the asset is brought into service. Other assets are Staff costs and all other programme costs are charged to expenditure depreciated from the date the expenditure is incurred. Land is not in the year in which they are incurred. depreciated. The useful lives are estimated to be as follows: Consumable stocks Freehold and long leasehold buildings - 50 years Consumable stocks are stated at the lower of cost or net realisable Freehold and long leasehold building value. improvements - 15 years Short leasehold land and buildings - Unexpired term Litigation of the lease At any time, the Corporation is involved in a number of instances of Transmitters and power plant - 20 years litigation, for some of which the outcome is uncertain. In order to Broadcasting plant - 7 years ensure that any damages and costs which may be awarded against the Computers, fixtures and fittings and musical Corporation are adequately provided for in the financial statements, instruments - 5 years the Corporation makes specific provision against such costs. Motor vehicles - 4 years

Expenditure on BBC Enterprises Group fixed assets is depreciated Insurance reserve over lives between 3 and 5 years except buildings, which are depreciated It is the Corporation's policy to purchase insurance for significant over 40 years. losses, where possible, and to provide for the costs of uninsured Internal costs incurred on capital projects are included as part of the incidents and uninsurable excesses. In addition to these provisions, an cost of assets and depreciated accordingly. amount is set aside as an insurance reserve to meet the cost to the Home Services of unquantifiable future losses. Leased assets Assets held under finance leases are capitalised at the total amount of Capital reserve rentals payable under the leasing agreement, excluding finance charges, Each year an equivalent amount to the costs expended by the Home and depreciated in accordance with the asset lives set out above. Finance Services and World Service on capital assets over depreciation, adjusted charges are written off over the period of the lease on a reducing balance for disposals, is transferred to capital reserve so that, at the year end, basis. the amount of the capital reserve is equivalent to the net book value of fixed assets.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 99 21 Home Services Group

Statement of Income and Expenditure for the year ended 31 March 1990 1989/90 1988/89 Notes m m Income Licence income 1,236.8 1,151.4 Less: cost of collection 65.3 71.3 1,1715 1,080.1

Operating expenditure

1 Television 8371 760.1

1 Radio 296.6 264.5

1,133.7 1,024.6

Excess of licence income over operating expenditure 37.8 55.5 2 Trading profits of BBC Enterprises Group 12.2 10.4 3 Other income 28.9 25.9

4 Excess of income over expenditure before taxation 78.9 91.8 5 Taxation 11.7 12.1

Excess of income over expenditure after taxation 67.2 79.7 16, 17 Transfers to reserves 105.1 107.2

18 Deficit for the year transferred to operating reserve (37.9) (27.5)

100 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Home Services Group continued 21

Balance Sheets Group Home Services 31 March 31 March 31 March 31 March at 31 March 1990 1990 1989 1990 1989 Notes £m m £m £m Fixed assets 7 Tangible assets 6190 514.3 609.4 504.4 8 Investment in programmes for future sale 27.1 25.0 9 Investment in subsidiaries 0.3 0.3 10 Other investments 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 646.3 539.4 609.9 504.8

Current assets 11 Stocks 1312 105.7 1228 97.1 12 Debtors 1285 98.9 1223 96.3 13 Short term bank deposits and cash 1463 217.2 112.8 194.8 4060 421.8 357.9 38 &2

14 Creditors - amounts falling due within one year 249.7 227.0 1960 182.8

Net current assets 156.3 194.8 161.9 205.4 Total assets less current liabilities 802.6 734.2 771.8 710.2 14 Creditors - amounts falling due after more than one year 7.3 11.6 6.6 10.8 15 Provisions for liabilities and charges 35.7 27.5 33.3 25.0 759.6 6951 7319 674.4

Represented by 16 Insurance reserve 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 17 Capital reserve 609.9 504.8 6099 504.8 18 Operating reserve 144.9 185.5 117.2 164.8 759.6 695.1 7319 674.4

Approved by the Governors and Director -General on 28 June 1990

Marmaduke Hussey Chairman of the Board of Governors Michael Checkland Director -General

BBC Annual Report and Accounts I989Í90 101 21 Home Services Group continued

Consolidated Source and Application of Funds Statement for the year ended 31 March 1990 1989/90 1988/89 £m m Source of funds Excess of income over expenditure before taxation 78.9 91.8

Add back items not involving the movement of funds Depreciation and amortisation 62.3 49.1 Net book value of asset disposals 2.0 3.3 Exchange difference arising on consolidation (0.1) (0.2) Goodwill written off (2.4) (0.9) Minority interest in BBC Enterprises Group profits (0.2)

140.5 143.1

Application of funds Capital expenditure 156.8 146.4 Investment in programmes for future sale 14.3 13.4 Taxation 11.7 12.1 Increase in other investments 0.1 0.1

182.9 172.0

Net application of funds (42.4) (28.9)

Movement in working capital (Increase) /decrease in stocks (25.5) 1.4 Increase in debtors (29.6) (21.1) Increase in creditors 13.1 40.7 Increase in provisions 8.2 13.0 (33.8) 34.0

(76.2) 5.1

Net movement in liquid funds (Decrease) /increase in cash at bank and in hand including unpresented cheques (76.2) 5.1

102 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 Home Services Group continued 2i

Notes to the Financial Statements 3. OTHER INCOME Group 1989/90 1988/89 for the year ended 31 March 1990 m £m Net interest receivable 1. TELEVISION AND RADIO OPERATING EXPENDITURE - Home Services 21.0 19.6 Operating expenditure on the Television and - BBC Enterprises Group 2.1 1.2 Radio services is analysed as follows: 1989/90 1988/89 Agency commission 0.9 0.8 Share of loss of Listener Publications Limited (0.3) (0.5) m £m Other 5.2 4.8 Staff costs 543.5 493.1 28.9 25.9 Other direct programme costs including artists 345.1 320.5 Depreciation 47.9 38.3 In addition to the above there was 8.9m (1988/89 9.0m) of Other 215.7 188.9 Open University grants and £3.1m (1988/89 £1.3m) of other income Own work capitalised (18.5) (16.2) generated by the BBC Open University Production Centre, to cover 1,133.7 1,024.6 12.0m (1988/89 10.3m) operating costs. Comprising: Television 4. EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE BBC 1 457.8 426.3 This is stated after charging £265,400 (1988/89 £213,200) in respect of BBC 2 237.7 209.1 Auditors' remuneration and the following other items of expenditure: Regional services 118.9 101.6 Group Transmission and distribution 22.7 23.1 1989/90 1988/89 837.1 760.1 m £m Payments under operating leases Radio - plant and machinery 3.7 3.1 Radio 1 27.9 23.0 - other 12.8 11.6 Radio 2 49.9 44.1 Research expenditure written off 4.8 4.6 Radio 3 46.8 42.9 Radio 4 66.1 57.0 Regional services 41.2 38.5 5. TAXATION Local radio 46.2 42.2 Transmission and distribution 18.5 16.8 The Home Services Group is liable to taxation on profits derived from those activities carried on with a view to profit and on rent, 296.6 264.5 royalties and interest receivable. The charge for the year, based on a 1,133.7 1,024.6 rate of corporation tax of 35 %, comprised: Group The above analysis of expenditure between staff and other costs has 1989/90 1988/89 been reclassified and, accordingly, the comparative figures for 1988/89 m £m have been restated. Current year Corporation tax 14.4 13.0 Deferred tax (1.5) (0.9) 2. TRADING PROFITS OF BBC ENTERPRISES GROUP 1989/90 1988/89 Double taxation relief (0.4) (0.5) m £m 12.5 11.6 Turnover Overseas tax 0.4 0.5 Television sales 45.5 38.0 12.9 12.1 Magazine and book publishing 105.0 94.3 Prior year corporation tax (1.2) - Videos, records and tapes 26.5 17.1 11.7 12.1 Other activities 6.7 4.6 183.7 154.0 Expenditure Cost of sales 113.2 94.5 Distribution costs 28.5 24.9 Administrative and other costs 17.6 15.8 Amortisation of programme investment 12.2 8.4 171.5 143.6 Trading profit before interest 12.2 10.4

Turnover by geographic market United Kingdom 139.8 117.1 Rest of the World 43.9 36.9 183.7 154.0

The analysis of profit before taxation by class of business has not been disclosed as in the opinion of the Corporation this information would be seriously prejudicial to the Corporation's operations.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 103 21 Home Services Group continued

Notes to the Financial Statements continued Other Governors received fees in the following bands: 1989/90 1988/89 6. EMPLOYEES AND REMUNERATION Number Number (a) Staff costs Group Nil - £5,000 2 8 1989/90 1988/89 £5,001- £10,000 6 4 Em £m £10,001- £15,000 3 - Salaries and wages 479.8 430.6 (d) Higher paid employees Social security costs 39.4 34.1 The number of employees who received remuneration (excluding Other pension costs 48.5 50.0 benefits) in the following bands were: 5677 514.7 1989/90 1988/89 Number Number Comprising: Home Services 543.5 493.1 30,001- 35,000 733 385 BBC Enterprises Group 16.7 14.6 35,001- £40,000 301 147 Open University Production Centre 7.5 7.0 £40,001 - £45,000 151 66 45,001- £50,000 58 25 567.7 514.7 50,001- £55,000 37 14 55,001- 60,000 17 7 £60,001- £65,000 11 4 (b) Pensions £65,001- £70,000 6 1 Most employees are members of the BBC Pension Scheme, which 70,001- 75,000 2 2 provides salary related pension benefits on a defined- benefit basis. £75,001- £80,000 2 1 The scheme is subject to independent valuation by a professionally £80,001- £85,000 1 1 qualified actuary at least every three years, on the basis of which the £85,001 - £90,000 1 actuary certifies the rate of employer's contribution which, together £90,001- 95,000 1 with the specified contributions payable by the employees and £100,001 - 105,000 2 - proceeds from the scheme's assets, are sufficient to fund the benefits 105,001 -110,000 1 1 payable under the scheme. £120,001 -125,000 1 The latest actuarial valuation of the scheme was as at 1 April 1987, using the attained age method. The main long term assumptions were (e) The average number of persons that the annual rate of return on investments would exceed increases employed in authorised posts was: in earnings by 11% and exceed pension increases by 34-%. The 1989/90 1988/89 valuation showed that the market value of the scheme's assets was Average Average 2,131m and that the actuarial value of those assets represented 115% number number of the value of the benefits due to members, after allowing for expected future increases in earnings. Following the valuation the employees' Television 16,504 16,682 and employer's standard contribution rates were reduced to 61% and Radio 6,390 6,409 17% of pensionable salaries respectively. Home Services 22,894 23,091 After allowing for the cost of certain benefit improvements, the BBC Enterprises Group 969 1,047 pension charge in the Home Services Group financial statements for Open University Production Centre 354 355 1989/90 was 48.5m after deducting a proportion of the scheme surplus amortised over the average remaining service of the contributing 24,217 24,493 members. In previous years the pensions charge was calculated to be The above disclosure has been redefined so that 703 employees the actual contributions payable. (1988/89 724) in part time posts are included at management's estimate At 31 March 1990, a prepayment of is included in 4.1m debtors of their full time equivalent of 352 (1988/89 362). for the Group, representing the excess of the amounts funded during the year over the pensions charge. (c) Governors Home Services expenditure includes an amount of 106,371(1988/89 103,829) in respect of the annual fees (excluding benefits) of the members of the Board of Governors, determined by the Home Secretary with the approval of the Minister for the Civil Service. This amount includes £39,200 (1988/89 37,100) in respect of the Chairman who was the highest paid Governor.

104 BBC Annual Report and Accounts I989/90 Home Services Group continued 21

7. TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS Assets in the Land and Plant and Furniture course of buildings machinery and fittings construction Total (a) Group m £m £m £m £m Cost At 31 March 1989 224.9 412.6 11.4 93.7 742.6 Additions 49.6 64.0 2.5 40.7 156.8 Transfers 34.0 14.1 - (48.1) - Disposals (0.4) (3.0) (2.5) (5.9) At 31 March 1990 308.1 487.7 11.4 86.3 893.5 Depreciation At 31 March 1989 40.9 179.5 7.9 228.3 Charge for the year 7.2 41.2 2.0 50.4 Elimination in respect of disposals (04) (1.6) (2.5) (4.2) At 31 March 1990 48.0 219.1 7.4 274.5 Net book values At 31 March 1990 260-1 268.6 4.0 86.3 6190 At 31 March 1989 184.0 233.1 3.5 93.7 514.3

(b) Home Services Cost At 31 March 1989 219.0 404.6 8.5 93.7 725.8 Additions 49.6 62.4 1.9 40.7 1546 Transfers 34.0 144 - (484) - Disposals (0.4) (2.9) (2.5) (5.8) At 31 March 1990 302.2 478.2 7.9 86.3 874 6 Depreciation At 31 March 1989 40.1 175.3 6.0 221.4 Charge for the year 7.0 39.7 1.2 47.9 Elimination in respect of disposals (0.1) (1.5) (2.5) (4.1) At 31 March 1990 47.0 213.5 4.7 265.2 Net book values At 31 March 1990 255.2 2647 3-2 86.3 609.4 At 31 March 1989 178.9 229.3 2.5 93.7 504.4

Land and buildings at net book value comprise: Group Home Services 31 March 31 March 31 March 31 March 1990 1989 1990 1989 £m £m £m £m Freeholds 201.1 131.6 201.1 131.6 Long leaseholds 50.7 45.0 46.1 40.3 Short leaseholds 8.3 7.4 8.0 7.0 260.1 184.0 255.2 178.9

Fixed assets include the following amounts in respect of assets capitalised under finance leases: Net book values 1.2 1.5 0.2 0.6 Depreciation charge for the year 0.6 2.3 0.3 2.1

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989,90 105 21 Home Services Group continued

Notes to the Financial Statements continued 10. OTHER INVESTMENTS In the Home Services, other investments include the following 8. INVESTMENT IN PROGRAMMES FOR FUTURE SALE Group shareholdings in companies which, except where stated, are registered m in England and Wales: Cost % holding of At 31 March 1989 43.7 issued ordinary Company shares Additions 14.3 Written off during the year (7.2) Listener Publications Limited 50 50.8 House of Commons Broadcasting Unit Limited 50 Less: cost of programmes fully amortised at The financial statements of the above companies are made up to 29 July 31 March 1990 (5.6) and 31 July respectively each year and, accordingly, the Home Services At 31 March 1990 45.2 Group accounts include management's best estimate of the results of these companies to 31 March 1990. Amortisation The Home Services' interest in Listener Publications Limited, At 31 March 1989 18.7 including a loan of £0.8m, has been written down to nil. Charge for the year 11.9 Broadcasters Audience Research Board Limited 50 Amortisation on programmes written off during the year (6.9) Secuir SA (incorporated in Belgium) 16 23.7 Visnews Limited 11 Less: accumulated amortisation on programmes fully Multimedia Corporation Limited 5 amortised at 31 March 1990 (5.6) At 31 March 1990 18.1 11. STOCKS Group Home Services values 31 March 31 March 31 March 31 March Net book 1990 1989 1990 1989 At 31 March 1990 27.1 m £m m £m At 31 March 1989 25.0 Raw materials 10.7 11.1 7.8 7.9 Work in progress - programmes 46.7 24.6 45.8 24.0 9. INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES - other 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 The Home Services own 100% of the £250,000 issued share capital in Finished goods BBC Enterprises Limited, an unlisted company incorporated in Great - purchased programmes 40.6 43.2 40.6 43.2 Britain. BBC Enterprises Limited holds the following interests in - other programmes 35.3 23.9 35.3 23.9 companies which, except where stated, are registered in England and - other goods for resale 4.6 4.8 - - Wales: 138.9 108.5 130.5 99.9 % holding of issued ordinary Co- production Company shares contributions (7.7) (2.8) (7.7) (2'8) Lionheart Television International Inc. 131.2 105.7 122.8 97.1 (incorporated in Delaware, USA) 100 BBC Telecordiale (SARL) (incorporated in France) 100 12. DEBTORS Group Home Services BBC Subscription Television Limited 100 31 March 31 March 31 March 31 March Redwood Publishing Limited 77+ 1990 1989 1990 1989 World Publications Limited £m £m £m £m (previously Hyde Park Publications Limited) 76 Receivable within The interest in this company was acquired during the year one year for a consideration of El .8m. The Group's share of the net Trade debtors 82.3 65.8 44.1 34.6 liabilities on acquisition was £0.6m. Due from BBC Enterprises Hartog Hutton Publishing Limited 51 Group 10.1 4.9 Video World Publishing Limited 50 Prepayments 35.7 12.8 29.6 10.9 Since the balance sheet date, the remaining 50% of the 118.0 78.6 83.8 50.4 shares of this company have been acquired. Provision for doubtful Film & Television Completions plc 28 debts (6.9) (3.3) (3.6) (2.1) BBC Frontline Limited 23 1111 75.3 80.2 48.3 The Home Services also own 100% of the issued share capital of Receivable after more Opinion and Broadcasting Research (OBR) Limited. than one year Trade debtors 2.0 2.8 1.7 2.2 Loan to BBC Enterprises Group 25.0 25.0 Prepayments 15.4 20.8 15.4 20.8 128.5 98.9 122.3 96.3

106 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989!90 Home Services Group continued 21

13. SHORT TERM BANK DEPOSITS AND CASH 16. INSURANCE RESERVE 1989/90 1988/89 Group Home Services fin £m 31 March 31 March 31 March 31 March 1990 1989 1990 1989 Balance brought forward 4.8 4.8 £m £m £m £m Transfer from income and expenditure account Balance forward 4.8 4.8 Aggregate net bank balances 110.8 187.2 80.4 167.8 carried Unpresented cheques included in creditors 35.5 30.0 32.4 27.0 17. CAPITAL RESERVE 1989/90 1988/89 146.3 217.2 112.8 194.8 Em £m Balance brought forward 504.8 402.1 14. CREDITORS Group Home Services Transfer from operating reserve in respect 31 March 31 March 31 March 31 March of BBC Enterprises Group - 0.3 1990 1989 1990 1989 Transfer from income and expenditure account 105.1 102.4 Amounts falling due £m m £m £m within one year Balance carried forward 609.9 504.8 Unpresented cheques, bank loans and overdraft 35.6 30.3 32.4 27.0 18. OPERATING RESERVE Group Home Services Trade creditors 1989/90 1988/89 1989/90 1988/89 Programme creditors 51.1 37.0 50.9 36.5 Em £m Em £m Programme acquisitions 20.3 18.8 20.3 18.8 Salaries and wages 34.7 27.0 34.4 27.0 Balance brought forward 185.5 214.4 1648 199.7 Residual copyright payments 14.3 10.9 Transfer to capital reserve Others 37.2 37.5 19.6 21.0 in respect of BBC Enterprises Group (0.3) (0.3) 157.6 131.2 125.2 103.3 Goodwill written off (2.4) (0.9) Other creditors Exchange differences (0.1) (0.2) Capital 26.7 36.4 26.7 36.4 Minority interests (0.2) Taxation 12.9 14.2 7.7 10.1 Deficit for the year (37.9) (27.5) (47.6) (34.6) Home Office creditors 3.5 6.0 3.5 6.0 Balance carried forward 144.9 185.5 117.2 164.8 Obligations under finance leases 0.3 0.3 43.4 56.9 37.9 52.5 19. COMMITMENTS Group Home Services 31 March 31 March 31 March 31 March Accruals and deferred 1990 1989 1990 1989 income 13.1 8.6 0.5 (a) Purchases £m £m £m £m 2497 227.0 196.0 182.8 Contracted for but not Amounts falling due provided for after more than one year Fixed asset additions 70.1 75.9 70.0 75.8 Programme acquisitions 6.6 10.7 6.6 10.7 Purchased programmes 87.1 26.3 87.1 26.3 finance Obligations under 102.2 157.1 1024 leases 0.7 0.8 157.2 Others - 0.1 0.1 Authorised but not 7.3 11.6 6.6 10.8 contracted for Fixed asset additions 84.5 129.9 84.2 129.2

15. PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES AND CHARGES (b) Operating leases Deferred Payments to be made taxation Severance Insurance Other Total during the next year in (a) Group £m £m £m £m £m respect of operating lease commitments which At 31 March 1989 2.5 5.2 19.8 27.5 expire Utilised during Within one year 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.9 the year (1.7) (2.6) (4.3) In two to five years 7.0 5.9 6.4 5.8 Released during After five years 8.1 8.9 8.1 8.9 the year (0.1) (2.3) (2.4) 15.7 15.8 15.6 Provided during 16.4 the year 9.0 5.9 14.9 Comprising: 31 At March 11.6 11.8 11.5 1990 2.4 9.0 3.5 20.8 35.7 Land and buildings 12.2 Other 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 (b) Home Services 16.4 15.7 15.8 15.6 At 31 March 1990 9.0 3.5 20.8 33.3 LIABILITIES Other provisions include an amount to meet the estimated dilapidation 20. CONTINGENT costs of vacating various properties following a review of accom- At the year end, there were contingent liabilities in respect of modation needs and provision for the cost of removing asbestos at guarantees denominated in various currencies, equivalent to O.1m Television Centre. (1989 1.9m); mainly in respect of banking facilities of subsidiaries.

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 107 21 World Service

Statement of Income and Expenditure for the year ended 31 March 1990 1989/90 1988/89 Notes £m m Income - Grants -in -Aid Broadcasting 112.3 108.8 Monitoring 12.8 11.4

125.1 120.2

Operating expenditure Broadcasting 111.5 103.7 Monitoring 12.2 10.4

1 123.7 114.1

Excess of Grants -in -Aid over operating expenditure 1.4 6.1 2 Other income 6.6 5.7

Excess of income over expenditure before taxation 8.0 11.8 3 Taxation (0.5) 0.1

Excess of income over expenditure after taxation 8.5 11.7 10 Transfer to capital reserve 10.4 13.7

11 Deficit for the year transferred to operating reserve (1.9) (2.0)

108 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 World Service continued 21

Balance Sheet 31 March 31 March at 31 March 1990 1990 1989 Notes £m m Fixed assets 5, 6 Tangible assets 85.2 74.8

Current assets 7 Stocks 4.4 3.6 8 Debtors 4.7 3.9 Cash at bank and in hand 1.3 9.1 8.8

9 Creditors - amounts falling due within one year 12.6 10.4

Net current liabilities (3.5) (1.6) Total assets less current liabilities 81.7 73.2

Represented by 10 Capital reserve 85.2 74.8 11 Operating reserve (3.5) (1.6) 81.7 73.2

Approved by the Governors and Director -General on 28 June 1990

Marmaduke Hussey Chairman of the Board of Governors Michael Checkland Director -General

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 109 21 World Service continued

Source and Application of Funds Statement for the year ended 31 March 1990 1989/90 1988/89 £m fm Source of funds Excess of income over expenditure before taxation 8.0 11.8 Taxation refund /(charge) 0.5 (0.1)

Add back items not involving the movement of funds Depreciation 5.3 3.7 Net book value of asset disposals 0.2

13.8 15.6

Application of funds Capital expenditure 15.7 17.6

Net application of funds (1.9) (2.0)

Movement in working capital Increase in stocks (0.8) (0.6) (Increase) /decrease in debtors (0.8) 0.5 Increase in creditors 1.6 3.0

2.9

(1.9) 0.9

Net movement in liquid funds (Decrease) /increase in cash at bank and in hand (1.9) 0.9

110 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 World Service continued 21

Notes to the Financial Statements 4. EMPLOYEES AND REMUNERATION for the year ended 31 March 1990 (a) Governors Governors' remuneration is charged to the Home Services.

1. OPERATING EXPENDITURE 1989/90 1988/89 (b) Pensions £m £m Most World Service employees are members of the BBC Pension Staff costs Scheme described in the Home Services Group financial statements. - salaries and wages 60.1 54.4 The funding and accounting policies are the same as for the Home - social security costs 4.9 4.4 Services and the pension charge for the World Service was £6.7m - other pension costs 6.7 6.9 after deducting the World Service proportion of the scheme surplus. Other direct programme costs including artists 10.6 10.0 A prepayment of £0.5m is included in debtors representing the excess Depreciation 5.3 3.7 of the amounts funded during the year over the pensions charge. Other 38.5 37.1 (c) Higher paid employees Own work capitalised (2.4) (2.4) The number of World Service employees who received remuneration 123.7 114.1 (excluding benefits) in the following bands were: 1989/90 1988/89 The above includes £33,500 (1988/89 £29,700) in respect of Auditors' Number Number remuneration and the following other items of expenditure: 1989/90 1988/89 £30,001 - £35,000 53 36 £35,001 £40,000 26 6 Em £m - £40,001 - £45,000 6 1 Payments under operating leases £45,001 - £50,000 2 1 for land and buildings 3.2 3.1 £50,001 - £55,000 1 1 Research expenditure written off 0.2 0.2 £55,001 - 60,000 1 £70,001 - £75,000 1 2. OTHER INCOME 1989/90 1988,89 £80,001 - £85,000 1 - Cm £m (d) The average number of persons Foreign and Commonwealth Office relay employed in authorised posts was: 1989 90 1988/89 station contracts 0.8 0.8 Average Average Transcription service 1.1 1.0 number number Interest receivable - 0.1 Broadcasting 2,892 2,953 Other income 3.8 4.7 Monitoring 528 528 6.6 5.7 3,420 3,481

The above disclosure has been redefined so that 103 employees 3. TAXATION (1988/89 106) in part time posts are included at management's estimate The World Service is liable to taxation on profits derived from rent of their full time equivalent of 51 (1988/89 53). and interest receivable. The charge for the year, based on a rate of corporation tax of 35%, comprised: 1989/90 1988/89 Em £m Corporation tax Current year 0.1 0.1 Refund in respect of prior years (0.6) - (05) 0.1

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989 90 21 World Service continued

Notes to the Financial Statements continued

5. TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS Assets in the Land and Plant and Furniture course of buildings machinery and fittings construction Total m m m m m Cost At 31 March 1989 25.2 63.4 1.0 5.9 95.5 Additions 0.6 5.1 0.1 9.9 15.7 Transfers 0.4 13.0 - (13.4) - Disposals - (0.1) (0.2) (0.3) At 31 March 1990 26.2 81.4 0.9 2.4 110.9 Depreciation At 31 March 1989 3.7 16.3 0.7 20.7 Charge for the year 0.9 4.3 0.1 5.3 Elimination in respect of disposals - (0.1) (0.2) (0.3) At 31 March 1990 4.6 20.5 0.6 25.7 Net book values At 31 March 1990 21.6 60.9 0.3 2.4 85.2 At 31 March 1989 21.5 47.1 0.3 5.9 74.8

Land and buildings at net book value comprise: 31 March 31 March 1990 1989 fm £m Freeholds 13.1 13.8 Short leaseholds 8.5 7.7 21.6 21.5

112 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 World Service continued 21

6. INVESTMENTS 10. CAPITAL RESERVE 1989/90 1988/89 Included in fixed assets are the following investments of nominal m £m value: Balance brought forward 74.8 61.1 100% of the issued share capital of East Asia Relay Company, a Transfer from income and expenditure account 10.4 13.7 company incorporated in Hong Kong. Balance carried forward 85.2 74.8 45% of the issued share capital of Caribbean Relay Company, a company incorporated in Antigua.

11. OPERATING RESERVE 1989/90 1988/89 7. STOCKS 31 March 31 March Cm £m 1990 1989 Balance brought forward (1.6) 0.4 Cm £m Deficit for the year (1.9) (2.0) Raw materials 2.6 2.0 Balance carried forward (3.5) (1.6) Work in progress 1.2 0.9 Finished goods 0.6 0.7

4.4 16 12. COMMITMENTS 31 March 31 March 1990 1989 Stocks include actual stocks accounted for directly by the World Cm m Service together with a share of common stocks accounted for by the (a) Purchases Home Services. Contracted for but not provided for Fixed asset additions 13.6 17.0 8. DEBTORS 31 March 31 March Authorised but not contracted for 1990 1989 Fixed asset additions 15.2 26.0 £m Cm Receivable within one year (b) Operating leases Sundry debtors 3.6 3.2 Payments to be made during the next year Prepayments 1.2 0.8 in respect of land and buildings operating lease commitments which expire after five years 3.2 3.1 4.8 4.0 Provision for doubtful debts (0.1) (0.1) 3.9 4.7 13. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

At the year end the World Service had a contingent liability of £0.6m (1989 £0.6m), in respect of a dispute with building contractors involved 9. CREDITORS 31 March 31 March 1990 1989 in the modernisation at Caversham. m £m Amounts falling due within one year Bank loans and overdraft 0.6 Trade creditors Programme creditors 1.1 0.6 Others 6.8 6.1 7.9 6.7 Other creditors Capital 4.1 3 7 12.6 10.4

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1989/90 113 22 Index

The page numbers in blue refer to entries in the BBC Report and Accounts 1989/90; those in black refer to entries in the Guide to the BBC booklet.

AGB Research 71 Bush House 7, 61 Datacast, BBC 87; 44 ASIASAT (satellite) 58 Business and Economics Unit 15 Dates, BBC 47 -48 Acorn User, BBC 44 Day, Sir Robin 17 Addresses 30 -37, 41 -46 Cable and Broadcasting Act, 1984 76 Deaf, programmes for the 42 Advisory bodies 40-46, 78 -79; 3, 7 -9, 26 -29 Cable television 5, I1, 84 Dept. of Trade and Industry 70 Agricultural advisory bodies 26 -27 Calcutt Committee 70-71 Deputy Director -General 13; 22 Agricultural programmes 9, 30, 43, 45, 47 Cameras 81,83 Deutsche Welle 56 Aide Memoire 1969 15; 17 Cancer screening 78 Digital technology 83 Albert Hall 31 Cardiff /0 Digitally Assisted Television: See DATV Alcohol abuse 78 Ceefax 13, 17, 37, 75, 79, 81, 83, 87; 42, Director -General 4 -5, 6, 84; 22 All India Radio 61 43, 44 list 48 Amnesty International 27 Central Appeals Advisory Committee Director of Finance 4, 6 -7; 24 Anniversaries 9, 18, 22, 24, 30, 33 -34, 37, 79; 26 Disabled people 45, 69, 72; 33 43, 49, 52, 58, 65, 67 Central Music Advisory Committee 79 Doctors, service for 87 Annual Review of BBC Broadcasting Research Central Religious Advisory Committee Documentary programmes 22 -23, 38, 42 -52, Findings 72, 43 79; 26 58, 69; 31 -37, 40 Appeals 39; 44 Chairman, BBC 2 -3, 62; 18 Drama programmes 4, 5, 18-20, 35, 37-38, Appeals advisory bodies 79; 26 -27 list 48 41, 43, 47, 49, 52, 58, 69, 78; 31 -37, 40 Archives 24, 35, 36, 50 -51, 87; 45 Channel4 5 Drama script libraries 45 Archives Advisory Group 3 Channel 5 5 Duty Offices: See Information Offices Arts programmes 26 -27, 42, 44, 69 Charities 39, 79; 44 Asia- Pacific Broadcasting Union 76 Charter, BBC 5; 1,3 -4 ENS (Electronic Newsroom System) 44, 46, Asian Programmes Unit 49 text 4-11 49,77,80,81 Association of Independent Radio Charter for the '90s 9 -10 Eastern Europe 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 52, Contractors 72 Children 71 54 -59, 61, 67, 79 Audiences 60, 74-76; 41, 43, 46 `Children in Need' 25, 32, 39, 79 Economic and Business Affairs Unit 17 Audiovisual Eureka 76 Childrens programmes 28-29, 47, 48, 50; 40 Editorial policy 70 Auditions 43 China: See Tiananmen Square Education and Training Sales 86 44 Awards 12, 18, 19, 21, 22, 28, 30, 40, 44, 47, Clothes Show Magazine 86 Education Reform Act, 1988 67 48, 51, 57, 66, 67, 69, 88-91; 36 Coat of Arms, BBC back covers Educational advisory bodies 67; 26 -27 Comedy: See Light entertainment Educational broadcasting 30, 45, 67 -69 BARB 71, 106; 41, 43 Comic Relief 39 Educational Computing 44 BMTV: See British Medical Television Commercial services 44 -46 Educational Recording Agency Ltd. 73 BSB: See British Satellite Broadcasting Commonwealth Broadcasting Association 76 Electronic Newsroom System: See ENS Big Band, BBC 30, 33, 34, 96 Communication 10, 74-75 Elstree Centre 81 Blackstaff Building, Belfast 10, 44 Community Directive on Broadcasting 76 Employee Relations Div. 77 Books, BBC 86; 43 Community Programme Unit 25; 42 Engineering 61, 80-83, 96 Bristol 10, 40, 50 Community radio stations 3 I, 32, 33 Engineering Advisory Committee 79 British Market Research Bureau 71 Compact discs 83 Engineering Information Dept. 42 British Medical Television (BMTV) 87 Complaints 75 -76 Engineering recruitment 43 British Phonographic Industry Ltd. 73 Concert Orchestra, BBC 33, 34 Engineering Research Dept. 83; 45

British Satellite Broadcasting 4 -5, 71, 74, 84, Constitution, BBC 1 -17 English, BBC 59 95 Consumer programmes 25 English Regions 46-52; 34 -37 British Telecom 30 Continuing education programmes 30, English Speaking Union 59 Broadcasters' Audience Research Board: See 68 -69 40 Enterprises, BBC 4, 70, 81, 84 -87, 95, 96, BARB Continuing Education Advisory Committee 26 99 -107 passim; 30, 38, 44, 45 Broadcasting Act, 1980 11 Continuity 40 Equal opportunities 18, 69, 78 Broadcasting Act, 1981 76 Contracts 73 `Equity' 73, 84 Broadcasting Bill 2, 4, 6, I I, 42, 53, 70, 73, Controller, Editorial Policy 71 Ethnic minorities 9, 40, 48, 49, 53, 60, 69, 76, 85, 95 Controversial subjects 2 -3 72, 77, 78 Broadcasting Complaints Commission 73, Co- productions 85; 44 `Eureka' project 76, 82, 83 76; II Copyright Dept. 73 European Broadcasting Union 73, 76 Broadcasting House 7, 30, 81, 95; 30 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 67, 73 European Commission 73 Broadcasting House, Bristol 10, 40, 50 Copyright Tribunal Eurosport 76 Broadcasting in the '90s: Competition, Choice and Corporate HQ 7, 30, 81, 95; 30 Eurovision 46 Quality (White Paper) 6, 70, 72, 78 Corporate Management Development 77 -78 Eutelsat I (satellite) 82 -83 Broadcasting Research Dept. 71 -72; 4I, 43 Correspondence 18, 56, 61; 42 Events Unit 45 Broadcasting Research Unit 67 External broadcasting programme hours 40 Broadcasting Services 87 DATV 82 External Services: See World Service Broadcasting Standards Council I I, 76 Daily Life in the Late '80s 72 Broadcasting Support Services 31 Daily Survey of Listening 41 Fast Forward 85-86; 44 Budget broadcasts 15 Data Enquiry Service, BBC 44, 45 Film and Television Completions PLC 106

114 BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1 989/90 IndeX continued 22

: See also North, BBC It's Your BBC! 42 Film and VT Library 45 Northern Ireland 16, 44-46, 71, 83; 27, Films (publicity) 42 33, 42 Jamming 54, 78 Films on television 40 Number One 44 2, 9- 10, 39 Finance 62, 95 -96, 99 -113; Nursery, workplace 77 Language services 8, 5458 Foreign Affairs Unit 12, 17 7, 8, 9, 62, broadcasting hours 40 Foreign and Commonwealth Office OBR Ltd. 106 Lectures 41, 42 79, 96 OFTEL 70 Legal Adviser's Division 73 Foreign broadcasters 76; 46 Obscene Publications Act, 1964 I Libraries, BBC 44 -46 Freedom 70-71 Occupational Health Dept. 78 24, 33 -34, Library Sales 85; 44, 45 French Revolution (anniversary) Office of Fair Trading 6, II Licence and Agreement I 37, 52, 58 Office Technology Unit 78 68, 72 text II -17 Frequencies 30, 31, 33, 36, Offices overseas: See Overseas offices Licence fee 3, 4, 6, 95 Frontline, BBC 86, 106 Olympus 44 table 38 Funding 3, 70 Open University 30, 69, 82, 95; 30, 40 33, 34, Licensing, BBC 87; 44 Funding the Future 2, 4, 7, 16, 18, 30, Opinion and Broadcasting Research Ltd.: Light entertainment programmes 5, 20 -21, 40, 42, 77, 95 -96 See OBR 33, 38, 48, 79; 40 40, 43, 46, 51; 31, 34, 84, 106; 44 Opt -out programmes 26 Lionheart Television, BBC Gaelic Advisory Committee 35, 36 Listener Publications Ltd. 106 Gaelic broadcasting 41; 31 Orchestras, BBC 30, 33, 34, 35, 44, 46; 32, -79; 3, 7, 26 Literacy 68, 69 General Advisory Council 78 34 Local radio 9-10, 39, 40, 46 -52, 53, Good Food, BBC 85 -86; 44 Outside broadcasts 21 -22, 33, 43, 50, 81, 6 -11, 75, 96, 83; 34 -37 Governors, Board of 2, 3, 4, 5, 82 -83 Local Radio Advisory Councils 79; 3, 9, 104, III; 18 -21 Overseas offices 81; 44 27 -29 Grandstand 86; 44 Overseas visitors 76; 42, 46 London Calling 96 Grant -in -aid 7, 77, 96, 106 Oxford Economic Research Associates 70 Graphics 81; 43 MAC satellite television receivers 82 Greenwich time signal 31 Party political broadcasts 14 -15 70, 72, 76 Magazines, BBC 85; 30, 44 Guidelines for Factual Programmes Pay 2, 4, 6-7, 77, 95, 104, 111 Maida Vale 81 -82 Peat Marwick McLintock 4, 7, 95 Management, Board of 2, 3, 7, 75; 22 -24 HDTV 76, 79, 82, 83 Pensions 77, 104, I I I Management training 77 -78 Hansard Society 9 78 Performing Rights Society 73 Managing Performance in a Changing World Health and safety 77 Personnel 6 -7, 77 -78 Mechanical Copyright Protection Society 73 High Definition Television: See HDTV senior staff list 25 programmes 23, 43, 49, 53, 58, 69 22, 33, 46, 47, 66, 70, 75, 88 Medical BBC 34, 46; 34 Hillsborough 83; 28, 35 Philharmonic Orchestra, 45 Midlands, BBC 49-50, History of Broadcasting Unit Phillips Committee 6-7 of Ministerial broadcasts 15; 17 Home Affairs Committee (House Phone -ins 58 Monitoring, BBC 7, 8, S4, 61, 80, 108, Commons) 78 Phonographic Performance Ltd. 73 111; 46 Home Entertainment 44 Pips 31 `Mosaicing' 70 11, 73, 85; I -2 Home Office 106 Pixelation' 70 Ireland Multimedia Corporation Ltd. Home Secretary 's Notice on Northern Policy and Planning Unit 70 -72 Music advisory bodies 79 Restrictions, 1988 16 9, 13, 14 -16, 46, 47, 45 Political broadcasting 40 Music libraries Hours of output 30 -35, 42 -52, 50, 51, 58 -59; 31 -37, 40 2, 4, 6, 9, Music programmes 13, 26 -27, House of Commons, Televising of Popular Music Library 45 59; 32 -37, 40 14, 43, 51, 72, 81 Post Office 4, 30 Music Publishers' Association 73 Human rights, abuse of 27 Presentation 29 Musicians' Union 73, 84 Press Offices 26 -29, 4I -42 IBA 5, 1I, 70, 72, 79, 80; 13, 41 of Conscience 27 NBC 62 Prisoners Impartiality 3; 1 -3 70 -71 NICAM 81,83 Privacy Independent producers 4, 6, 29, 95 Awards Broadcasting Councils 40-46; 3, 7 -8 Prizes: See 2 -3 National 76 Independence 40-46 Producers' Guidelines, BBC 70, 72, 73 National Regions 7, 9 -10, 14, 39, Independent Television Association Programme Contracts Dept. 73 Natural History Unit SO; 36 Independent Television Commission 6 Division 84; 44 7, -39, 70, 72, 96; 3I -37, Programme Sales Affairs, Consultative Network Radio 30 Industrial and Business Programmes: See Television and Radio 40, 41 3 36, 44, 82 Group 46, 70, 72, Promenade Concerts 34, 35, 77 Network Television 18-29, Industrial relations 2, 4, 6 -7, 73, Pronunciation Unit 13; 45 73 96; 31-37, 40, 41 Industrial Relations Tribunal Public, relations with the 18; 41-46 News and current affairs 7, 12 -17, 37, 41-42, Information, BBC 4I -42 accountability 74-76 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 72, 79, 96; 40 Public Information Offices 26 -29, 4I -42 74; 41, 42 Current Affairs Index 72 Public meetings videodisc 59 News and Interactive 45 Public Order Act, 1986 II Audience News Information Research Units International Broadcasting and Publicity 4I -44 Five Years 78 Research 42, 46 Next 2 7-28 46 North East, BBC 7, 47-49; International Recordings Quiz programmes 52 : also North, BBC International relations 76; 42, 46 See 44 North, BBC 40, 49; 34 International Unit, Television Centre 83 West, BBC 7, 46-47; 27 RACE Irish language broadcasting 33 North

BBC Annual Report and Accounts 1 989/90 115 ISBN 0 -563 -36044 £5.50 II j11111111611,11,1141!

I GUIDE TO THE BBC 1990 BBC SERVICES BBC WORLD SERVICE

The BBC's services for the UK comprise two The BBC's World Service broadcasts in English complementary national television networks, 24 hours a day and in 37 other languages for a BBC1 and BBC2, and five national radio total of more than 780 hours a week. The Service networks, Radios 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Radio 5, has a regular audience figure of at least 120 which opens on 27 August 1990, will be devoted million a week. It is not financed by the licence to education and sport, together with a range of fee, but receives instead parliamentary grants-in- programmes with a strong youth appeal. Elements aid. The government decides the languages which of the BBC World Service will also be included. are broadcast and the length of time each one is In addition, the BBC has a strong regional on the air, but editorial control of the structure. In England there are four regions - programmes rests entirely with the BBC. the North, Midlands, South & East and South & West. The regions make programmes for their local audiences as well as contributing to the networks. Between them, they are also responsible for 37 local radio stations. In the national regions, BBC Scotland, BBC Wales and BBC Northern Ireland make TV and radio programmes both for their own local audiences and for the UK network channels.

Ccantent<.

I Constitution 1

2 Board of Governors 18

3 Board of Management 22 4 Senior Staff 25

5 Councils and Committees 26 6 Regions and Addresses 30 7 Financial Information 38 8 Analysis of Output 40

9 Public Services 41 IO Commercial Services 44

I I BBC Dates 47 Chairmen and Directors -General 48 Coat of Arms Inside back cover Constitution

The framework transition from the British Broadcast- to a greater measure of independence The BBC is a public corporation (a ing Company to the Corporation), it is in dealing with news, events and `body corporate') whose principal the primary constitutional document. opinions: areas of broadcasting then object is to provide broadcasting It lays down the powers and responsi- subject to many restrictions. services for general reception at home bilities of the BBC in meeting its objects When Lord Crawford's Committee and abroad. As an organisation, the of providing domestic radio and tele- of 1925 (appointed to advise on the Corporation is governed by a Royal vision and overseas broadcasting ser- future management and control of Charter which defines its objects, vices. It sets out the composition of the broadcasting) came to report it reflected powers and obligations, its consti- Board of Governors, their appointment approval of what had been done and tution and the sources and uses of its and tenure, and their duties. It requires recognised future possibilities: it revenues. A Licence and Agreement, the BBC to appoint National Broadcast- recommended that broadcasting should granted by the Home Secretary along- ing Councils for Scotland, Wales and henceforth be conducted by a public side the Charter, prescribes the terms Northern Ireland, a General Advisory corporation 'acting as trustee for the and conditions of the Corporation's Council and Regional and Local Radio national interest'. operations. Subject to the general law Advisory Councils, and gives it dis- In accordance with the Committee's of the land, and the provisions of the cretion to appoint other advisory bodies. recommendations, the entire property Charter and Licence and Agreement, The Charter also deals, in broad terms, and undertaking of the British Broad- the BBC has full editorial and with matters of employment and staff casting Company `as a going concern', managerial independence in its day -to- relations, and it requires arrangements together with its existing contracts and day programme and other activities. for obtaining from the public views and staff, were taken over by the British The powers, responsibilities and opinions of its programmes and for Broadcasting Corporation on 1 January obligations laid upon the Corporation considering criticism and suggestions 1927. are vested in the Board of Governors, so obtained. In its financial affairs, the The Licence and Agreement who exercise them through a perma- BBC is given authority in the Charter to The second constitutional document nent staff headed by the Director - receive funds provided by Parliament governing the BBC's activities (and as BBC's executive (in effect General, the chief the proceeds of the Licence doing so in greater detail) is the Licence officer, and the Board of Manage- Fee) and to use them in furtherance of and Agreement. The Corporation is ment. The 12 Governors - of whom its objectives. The Corporation is required to obtain this from the Home is Vice- one Chairman, another required to submit audited accounts, Secretary who, in 1974, took over Chairman, and three more are respec- as part of its annual report, for responsibility for broadcasting from tively National Governors for Scot- presentation to Parliament. Minister Posts and Tele- land, Wales and Northern Ireland the of communications (as that Minister in The foundations are appointed by the Queen The BBC had, in his turn, earlier taken over from (on the the constitutional position of the Council nomination of has remained broadly unaltered since the the Postmaster General). The major the day), Government of normally for first Charter in 1927. It was determined part of the Licence and Agreement five -year terms. Since these terms largely by the policy established by its (which arises from the Wireless and overlap, an element of continuity is predecessor, the British Broadcasting Telegraphy Acts) is concerned with the ensured in a changing membership. 1922 (when a broad- terms under which the BBC is allowed The are Company, between Governors not required to casting service in this country began) to establish and use transmitting their sole concern: make broadcasting and 1926. stations and apparatus for wireless a variety they are drawn from wide of The company had been formed, at telegraphy. Other important clauses background and experience, so as to the invitation of the then Postmaster reserve certain powers to the Home represent the wider public interest, as General, by the principal manufac- Secretary, in relation to programmes, well as being the ultimate authority for turers of wireless apparatus, who and further clauses deal with aspects of everything the BBC does. appointed as their General Manager programmes and with finance. Through its directorates, divisions Mr J. C. W. Reith (the late Lord Reith). Home Secretary and departments, the BBC is respon- The soon became widely The powers of the Company Clause 13(4) of the Licence the sible for the whole broadcasting was required, Under process, from the planning, com- known as `the BBC'. It Home Secretary: under Licence, to provide a service `to missioning and making of radio `may from time to time by notice the reasonable satisfaction of the Post- and television programmes and their in writing require the Corporation master General' who was the final arbiter technical and engineering infra- to refrain at any specified time or as to what might or might not be broad- structure, to at all times from sending any matter through transmission cast. The Company had no Charter. the air, means of its own or matters of any class specified in over by The BBC's policy during those years network of transmitters. It relies, that such notice'. was based on Reith's conviction This clause confers on the Govern- though, on lines and circuits leased or broadcasting had great potential not rented from British Telecom for the ment a formally absolute power to a medium links between studios and outside only as for entertainment, determine what the BBC may or may but as a source of information and broadcast sites and the transmitters. not broadcast and enables the Govern- enlightenment, universally available. ment to prevail where its view of the The Charter The goal was to be a public service Corporation's responsibilities and that into based on high standards and a strong The present Charter came force of the BBC itself are in conflict. The on 1 August 1981 and is for a period of sense of responsibility. The Company clause has never been invoked to ban 15 years, 31 1996. Like its to December relied on policy of absolute any specific programme, even at times previous BBC Charters since the first impartiality, on its record and on its and on subjects (such as Suez, the was granted in 1927 (so effecting the rapid progress to support its claims Falklands War and Northern Ireland)

BBC Guide Constitution continued

when some of the BBC's editorial the major differences between the press the terms of the Licence [Clause 1 3(7)]. decisions have been under the severest and the broadcasting media in Britain: It would not do so, under its long- criticism. In October 1988, however, newspapers are at liberty to 'editorialise' established rule of impartiality. This the clause was used to restrict broad- on any subject they choose, whereas policy is self-imposed; it has been cast coverage of statements supporting the broadcasting authorities are specifi- expressed in different forms over the terrorism in Northern Ireland. This cally prevented from doing so. years, and a Resolution of the Board of was the first exercise of the Govern- In addition to the duties and Governors dated 8 January 1981, which ment's power under Clause 13(4) responsibilities arising from its now forms an annex to the Licence directed at specific subjects or named constitution, the BBC is bound to and Agreement, reaffirms it once again. organisations. observe the laws of the land: and, like (The Resolution also recognises a duty The Corporation has always others engaged in the business of to ensure that, so far as possible, pro- vigorously defended its freedom, which communication, it must take account grammes should not offend against is rooted in its Charter obligations and of the following in particular: good taste or decency, or be likely to its duty to the public, to exercise The Representation of the People encourage crime and disorder or be independent judgment in its pro- Act (as it relates to the broadcasting offensive to public feeling.) grammes. This freedom dates back to of parliamentary and other elec- Careful safeguards have been built the time before the first Royal Charter. tions); The Race Relations Act; The up within the BBC to ensure the im- Sir William Mitchell -Thomson (later Magistrates Courts Act; The law partiality and the high programme Lord Selsdon) who, as Postmaster relating to contempt of court; The standards which the Board Resolution General, was responsible for the estab- law relating to defamation; The describes as the BBC's aim. A system lishment of the Corporation, expressed Broadcasting Act (in relation to of review and reference is underpinned the view that matters of domestic the Broadcasting Complaints by a set of comprehensive guidelines policy should be left to the free Commission); The Official Secrets on programme matters circulated to judgment of the BBC. This view was Act; The Data Protection Act. production and journalistic staff. approved by the House of Commons Finance The guidelines state: 'The notion at the time, reaffirmed in a lies at the very resolution The BBC relies on two principal of impartiality heart of the House in 1933, the BBC. No area is of of Commons sources of income: of programming and endorsed by successive Ministers exempt from it. The BBC serves the a) services for listeners and viewers in as a whole, recognising the on numerous occasions since. the Kingdom are financed nation United out differing tastes, views and perspectives The BBC's obligations of the revenue from the issue of in the millions of households which Clause 13 of the Licence lays a number television receiving licences; that is, the pay a licence fee. Programme makers of specific obligations on the BBC. cost is met by the consumer through aim to reflect, inform and stimulate Clause 13(2) requires it to `broadcast an the licence fee. The licence fee system this multiplicity of interests with impartial account by by since the BBC's day day, prepared has been in operation programmes of range, quality and professional reporters, of the proceedings beginnings in 1922 and has been diversity programmes which will of both Houses of Parliament'. This has endorsed by successive governments, - cater to people of any age, belief, race turned into a Licence obligation the which determine the level of the fee. or gender.' daily BBC began b) programme which the services for overseas listeners - the An essential ingredient of im- on its own initiative as long ago as 1945. World Service are financed by a - partiality is fairness the opportunity 13(3) requires the BBC to broad- -in -Aid - Clause Grant from the Treasury, that for all parties to controversy or debate cast official announcements whenever is, they are paid for by the tax -payer. to put their case. Balance and fairness revenue is generated by asked to do so by one of Her Majesty's Additional arise naturally out of the BBC's obli- Ministers. In practice, the purpose of the BBC's commercial operations (now gation to avoid expressions of editorial this clause is achieved without minis- grouped together in BBC Enterprises opinion; they ensure that the Corpor- terial intervention: major government Ltd, a wholly-owned subsidiary), but ation is not identified with any par- are likely be re- although a growing source finance, announcements to of ticular 'line' and they reinforce its ported naturally as a matter of news it remains a small proportion of the long -standing policy of impartiality. interest in normal news broadcasts, BBC's total income. There are, however, some impor- and other announcements, such as Clause 12 of the Licence in effect tant qualifications to the concept of police messages, reports of animal forbids the BBC to obtain revenue (or balance. Impartiality and balance are disease and the like, are arranged any consideration in kind) from the not synonymous and balance may not informally by the departments con- advertisements or broadcasting of always be the appropriate means of cerned with BBC commercial newsrooms. from sponsorship of pro- achieving impartiality. It is sometimes Clause 13(6) forbids the transmission grammes (In this content, the BBC's argued that every programme on a of television images of very brief dur- is giving publicity to policy to avoid controversial subject should be ation which 'might convey a message or any individual person or product, firm balanced within itself. This, however, influence the minds of an audience without or organised interest, except in so far is not normally the BBC's practice, their being aware, or fully aware, of what as this is necessary in providing effec- which is rather to ensure that the whole has been done'. This is a safeguard against tive and informative programmes.) range of significant opinions on a sub- subliminal advertising or indoctrination. ject is represented over a period of time. 13(7) BBC to refrain Controversy, impartiality and Clause requires the independence Balance within the single pro- from expressing its own opinion on above, the BBC does not gramme is required only where the current affairs or on matters of public As explained 'editorialise' or express a view of its circumstances and the issue under policy, other than broadcasting. it. Identification of This requirement underlines one of own on any matter of public controversy discussion demand or public policy. It may not do so under such occasions is a matter for careful

2 BBC Guide Constitution continued

editorial judgment. (Outside the need services of the BBC which are provided for instance the Advisory Group on for impartiality are `access' programmes primarily for reception in the countries the Social Vffects of Television (1971) such as Open Space, and series which they represent. In this, they are required and the Archives Advisory Committee overtly set out to present a personal to have full regard to the distinctive (1975), were set up for a specific task view and are clearly labelled as such: culture, language, interests and tastes and a limited period. the late James Cameron's One Pair of of the peoples of their countries. They Eyes remains the classic example.) may also advise the Corporation on any THE CHARTERS OF THE BBC, Secondly, it has never.been the other broadcasting matters which may 1927 -1986 policy the BBC to try to achieve affect the peoples in these countries. of 1927 The First Charter, which came a statistical balance within news Constitutionally, the Councils' link into force on 1 January 1927, was bulletins. Any attempt to do so, as the with the Corporation is through their granted after Parliamentary consider- news comes in, by day by who are the hour hour, Chairmen, Governors of ation of the report of Lord Crawford's day, be artificial and would BBC and National would quite bear the title of Committee of 1925 which followed an merely serve to distort it. Some news, Governor. earlier report by a committee under in any case, tends to be self -balancing The members of the National the chairmanship of Sir Frederick Sykes a are over period, through the reaction to Broadcasting Councils appointed (1923). The Crawford Committee one event or speech, fully reported by the Corporation on the recommen- recognised the need for a highly respon- when it happens, by another a few days dation of panels nominated for the sible body with an independent status by BBC's General later. (Only during election campaigns purpose the Advisory to develop broadcasting in the national is balance between the contending Council from among its own members. interest along the lines which had been parties observed day by day.) The con- Advisory and committees established. This resulted in the declar- cept impartiality needs one further councils of The BBC has been required, since the ation which has been reaffirmed and footnote: it does not imply absolute 1952 to a General endorsed by successive Ministers on basic Charter, appoint neutrality, nor detachment from Council, and (since 1947) numerous occasions, of the policy that moral and constitutional beliefs. For Advisory Advisory Councils in its regions in day -to -day control should be left to the example, the BBC does not feel obliged England. In the 1981 Charter the judgment of the Governors represent- to be as between and un- neutral truth Radio Advisory ing the Corporation, although Parlia- truth, justice and injustice, compassion appointment of Local Councils also became a requirement. ment must have the `ultimate control'. and intolerance. and cruelty, tolerance In fact, the General Advisory Council This Charter was granted for ten years. This is an reservation, important to 1934, when the BBC which goes back 1937 Second Charter granted after but not one detracts from the established it, on its own initiative, in BBC's overall determination to be Parliamentary consideration of the order to `secure the constructive criticism of Lord Ullswater's Committee impartial in its presentation of men Report controversial issues. and advice of representative and of 1935. The new Charter authorised women over the whole field of its activities'. Finally, it be the BBC to carry on the service `for the must stressed that the The BBC hoped at the same time that BBC's impartiality and its independence benefit of Our dominions beyond the members of the Council `would use their go hand in hand. Without genuine seas and territories under Our pro- influence in helping towards a fuller under- independence, there cannot be a genuine tection'. The BBC was thus charged aspiration to truthfulness and impar- standing of the BBC's problems and with the duty of carrying on the Empire policies on the part of the general public'. tiality, and the credibility which follows. The Ullswater Committee approved Service, which it had initiated on its Without these qualities no broadcast- own responsibility in 1932. the BBC's action, and the 1937 Charter the ing organisation will be recognised as empowered the Corporation to appoint This Charter also entrusted being truly independent and worthy of BBC with television broadcasting in trust. additional advisory committees. accordance with the recommendation The BBC has taken full advantage of Lord Selsdon's Television Com- of these powers to 'appoint persons or BROADCASTING 6L mittee of 1934, which was endorsed committees for the purpose of advising ADVISORY COUNCILS by the Ullswater Committee. The first the Corporation with regard to matters high -definition television service The connected with the broadcasting services, National Broadcasting Councils began from Alexandra Palace on In Scotland, Wales and Northern business, operations and affairs of the 2 November 1936. Ireland, responsibility for BBC Corporation' and at present appoints programmes is shared with National advisers to some 60 such bodies 1947 Third Charter granted after Broadcasting Councils. The Councils (committees and their membership are Parliamentary consideration of the have been established by the BBC listed on pages 26 -29). Some of these Government's White Paper on under Article 10 of its Charter; those advisory bodies - those concerned Broadcasting Policy of 1946. The BBC for Scotland and Wales were first set with agricultural and country matters, was authorised to provide broadcasting up in their present form under the 1952 music, religion and, of course, services for reception 'in other Charter, and were given responsibility educational broadcasting - have a long countries and places' outside the for television under the 1964 Charter. history, but over the years new ones British Commonwealth; this reflected In Northern Ireland, the National were established in response to the the fact that the Empire Service in Broadcasting Council, with a similar developing needs of broadcasting. A English had developed into a world- remit, came into being with the 1981 number, like the Science Consultative wide service in many languages. Charter. Group (1964), and the Consultative The Corporation was required in The Councils' main function is to Group on Industrial and Business this Charter to establish machinery for control the policy and content of those Affairs (1976), have become a regular joint consultation with the staff of the programmes in the radio and television part of the advisory machinery; others, Corporation.

BBC Guide 3 Constitution continued

The Charter was extended from the their disposal. The 1964 Charter 1983 A supplemental Royal Charter end of 1951 to 30 June 1952. allowed for the size of the Councils, granted the BBC borrowing powers of 1952 Fourth Charter granted after previously fixed at eight, tó be set at 150 millions, or up to £225 millions if Parliamentary consideration of the any number between eight and twelve. approved by the Secretary of State, for Report of Lord Beveridge's Committee The former requirement that three the operation of Direct Broadcasting of 1949 and of the Government's White members of each Council should be by Satellite. local Papers of July 1951 (Mr Attlee's chosen to represent authorities was administration) and of May 1952 dropped. ROYAL CHARTER (Mr Churchill's administration). In 1969 Supplemental Royal Charter ELIZABETH THE SECOND by the Grace of the second of these White Papers, the granted in order to take into account God of the United Kingdom of Great Government said they had 'come to the provisions of the Post Office Act Britain and Northern Ireland and of the conclusion that in the expanding 1969, whereby the powers formerly Our other Realms and Territories field of television provision should be exercised by the Postmaster General Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, made to permit some element of in relation to broadcasting became Defender of the Faith: competition'. The Licence which the vested in the Minister of Posts and TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL BBC acquired from the Postmaster Telecommunications. COME, GREETING! WHEREAS on the General in terms of this Charter was, 1973 twentieth day of December in the year accordingly, for the first time described In March the Government of our Lord One thousand nine announced its intention to extend the as a non -exclusive licence. Subse- hundred and twenty -six by Letters duration the BBC quently, the Postmaster General issued of current Charter made Patent under the Great Seal. Our (and also of the Television and Sound a broadcasting licence, for television Broadcasting Royal Predecessor His Majesty King only, to the Independent Television Acts governing the IBA) George the Fifth granted unto the Authority, which was set up under the by an additional five years, ending in British Broadcasting Corporation July 1981. Television Act of 1954. (hereinafter called 'the Corporation') In the White Paper on Television 1974 The new Labour Government a Charter of Incorporation: Policy of November 1953, the Govern- declared soon after taking office in AND WHEREAS on divers dates by ment said that the proposal that there March that the Charter would be Letters made Patent under the Great should be competition with the BBC extended by an additional three years, Seal, further Charters of incorporation was in no way a criticism of that body. ending in July 1979. Shortly afterwards and Supplemental Charters have been It had been made clear throughout that a Committee on the Future of Broad- granted unto the Corporation: the BBC would continue to be the main casting was set up under Lord Annan. AND WHEREAS the period of incorporation instrument for broadcasting in the In April the Government transferred of the Corporation will expire on the United Kingdom. the functions exercised by the Minister thirty -first day of July One thousand The BBC's Charter of 1952 provided of Posts and Telecommunications in nine hundred and eighty -one and it has for the establishment of National relation to broadcasting to the Secretary been represented unto Us by Our right Broadcasting Councils for Scotland of State for the Home Department. In trusty and well beloved Counsellor and Wales. June a supplemental Royal Charter was William Stephen Ian Whitelaw, This Charter ran until 29 July 1964. granted in order to take into account Member of Our Order of the 1964 Fifth Charter granted after the transfer of functions to the Secretary Companions of Honour, upon whom Parliamentary consideration of the of State. has been conferred the Decoration of Report of the Committee on Broad- 1976 A Royal the Military Cross, Our Secretary of supplemental Charter State casting 1960 under the chairmanship was granted, extending the Charter for the Home Department, that it is expedient that the of Sir Harry Pilkington and of the period for three years ending in July Corporation Government White Paper of 1962. 1979. should be continued for the period ending on the -first day The Charter on this occasion was In July 1978 the Labour Govern- thirty of December One thousand nine hundred for the first time granted for a period ment announced its intention of pro- and ninety -six: of twelve years, until 31 July 1976. viding the BBC with a new Royal AND WHEREAS in view of the Two changes proposed by the BBC Charter. The White Paper in which is by and approved by the Committee widespread interest which taken on this was announced also spoke of Our Peoples in broadcasting services Broadcasting were a incorporated into including within statute certain new and of the great value of such services the Charter. First, the BBC was constitutional arrangements for broad- as means of disseminating information, authorised to borrow up to 10 m. for casting in Britain, but there was a change education and entertainment. We temporary banking accommodation a of Government before such Bill could believe it to be in the interests of Our and up to 20 m. for capital expen- be presented. diture, subject Peoples in Our United Kingdom and to the approval of 1979 the the Postmaster General. A supplemental Royal Charter elsewhere within Commonwealth Secondly, the Broadcasting was granted, extending the Charter that the Corporation should continue two years ending in July services Councils for Scotland and Wales were period for to provide broadcasting 1981 and amending such licences and given powers in television similar to one article and pursuant to that as those they already possessed in radio. adding to another. agreements in behalf Our Secretary of State may from time to This meant that the content of 1981 A new Royal Charter was granted time grant to and make with the television programmes designed for the period ending on 31 December Corporation: primarily for Scotland and Wales is 1996. A new Licence and Agreement NOW KNOW YE that We, by Our now a matter for the Councils to decide came into force at the same time and Prerogative Royal and of Our especial within the limits of the resources at for the same period.

4 BBC Guide Constitution continued

grace, certain knowledge and mere emission and reception of wireless consent be specified, for reception in motion do by this Our Charter for Us, telegraphy by the methods and for such countries or places as may in or Our Heirs and Successors will, ordain the purposes aforesaid, and by any under such approval be designated; and declare as follows: methods for purposes ancillary or and for the purpose of receiving related to those wireless telegraphy conveying such 1. Incorporation purposes; The Corporation shall continue to be d) to hold the existing and to construct matter by such methods and for such or acquire and as may by such a body corporate by the name of The additional equipment purposes or under British Broadcasting Corporation with apparatus for the transmission and consent be permitted; reception of signals over wires or other i) to perform services in any part of perpetual succession and a common paths a seal with power to break, alter and provided by material substance the world for and on behalf of any renew the same at discretion: willing in Our United Kingdom, the Channel Department of Our Government in and ordaining that the Corporation Islands and the Isle of Man, and to use Our United Kingdom, and in particular shall and may sue and be the same for purposes ancillary or to provide, erect, equip and install, or sued in all related Courts and be capable in law to take to the purposes aforesaid; supervise the provision, erection, equip- and hold real and property e) for all the purposes aforesaid to ment and installation of stations, personal acquire and do all matters and things incidental from time to time from Our studios, apparatus, machinery, plant and Secretary of a other or pertaining to a body corporate, but State licence or licences equipment for transmitting and so that the Corporation shall apply for such period and subject to such receiving matter by wireless telegraphy the whole of its income solely in pro- terms, provisions and limitations as by the methods of telephony and tele- moting its objects. The Governors of he may prescribe, and to exercise vision, and to work or manage, or to the Corporation shall be the members the powers herein granted to the supervise the working or management thereof. Corporation in conformity in all of such stations, studios, apparatus, respects therewith and with any machinery, plant and equipment; 2. Term of Charter agreement or agreements which j) to provide to other bodies, whether This Our Charter shall come into may from time to time be made by within Our United Kingdom, the operation on the first day of August Our Secretary of State with the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man or One thousand nine hundred and Corporation, and not in any other elsewhere, by such means and methods eighty -one and (subject as herein manner whatsoever; as may be convenient matter to be provided) shall continue in force until f) to develop, extend and improve broadcast or distributed by such the thirty -first day of December One the Home Services and the External bodies whether or not by wireless thousand nine hundred and ninety -six. Services and to those ends to exercise telegraphy for reception in sound, licence in such visual visual images 3. Objects of the Corporation such or licences manner images or with by as The objects of the Corporation are as or such means and methods may sound, and to receive from such bodies follows: from time to time be agreed by the matter to be broadcast by stations of as a) To provide as public services, broad- Corporation and Our Secretary of the Corporation fir reception casting services of wireless telegraphy State, and to concur in any extension, aforesaid; by the method of telephony for general adaptation or modification of the k) to compile and prepare, print, reception in sound, by the method of terms, provisions or limitations of any publish, issue, circulate and distribute, television for general reception in visual such licence or licences as may to Our with or without charge, such printed images and by the methods of television Secretary of State seem fit; matter as may be conducive to any of and telephony in combination for g) to hold all other existing property of the objects of the Corporation; general reception in visual images with the Corporation and to acquire I) to establish and maintain libraries sound, in Our United Kingdom of additional property, whether such and archives containing material Great Britain and Northern Ireland, properties be within or without Our relevant to the objects of the Corpor- the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man United Kingdom, the Channel Islands ation, and to make available to the and the territorial waters thereof, and and the Isle of Man, and to equip and public such libraries and archives with on board ships and aircraft (such services use such properties for carrying out or without charge; being hereinafter referred to as `the any of the objects of the Corporation; m) to organise, provide or subsidise Home Services') and elsewhere within h) subject to the prior approval of concerts and other entertainments in the Commonwealth and in other Our Secretary of State and to the connection with the broadcasting countries and places overseas (such acquisition (subject as hereinafter services of the Corporation or for any services being hereinafter referred to provided) of any requisite licences, purpose incidental thereto; as `the External Services'); concessions, rights or privileges, to n) to collect news and information in construct any in any b) subject to the prior approval or acquire and establish, part of the world and manner of install, Our Secretary of State, to provide, as equip and use stations for that may thought fit and to establish public services, by means of wireless wireless telegraphy and apparatus for and subscribe to news agencies; telegraphy, other services whether or wireless telegraphy in countries or o) to acquire by registration, purchase not broadcasting services; places without Our United Kingdom, or otherwise copyrights in any matter the Channel Islands and the Isle whatsoever, c) to hold the existing and to construct of and any trademarks and or acquire and establish and install Man, or in space, for the purpose of trade names, and to use, exercise, additional stations for wireless providing, within the scope or ambit develop, grant licences in respect of, or telegraphy and apparatus for wireless of any such approval for the time being otherwise turn to account the same telegraphy in Our in force, and as may be permitted with a view to the furtherance of any United Kingdom, thereby or broadcasting the Channel Islands and the Isle of thereunder, of the objects of the Corporation; Man, and to use the same for the services by such method or methods p) for the purposes of any of the objects of wireless telegraphy as may in such of the Corporation or for any pur-

BBC Guide 5 Constitution continued

poses incidental thereto, to produce, Our Secretary of State, to establish may hereafter acquire out of moneys manufacture, purchase, acquire, use, companies whose objects include any paid to the Corporation out of aids or sell, rent or dispose of films and of the objects of the Corporation or supplies appropriated by Our United records (including tapes and any other whose business is capable of being Kingdom Parliament for any such devices from which visual images or carried on in such a way as to facilitate purpose, and shall not without such sounds may be reproduced) and or advance any of the objects of the prior approval turn to account or deal material and apparatus for use in Corporation, and to purchase or with any such property, interests or connection with such films and otherwise acquire stocks, shares or rights otherwise than for the purposes records: Provided that nothing herein securities of, and subsidise and assist, of the External Services; contained shall be deemed to authorise any such company; y) to enter into, make and perform the Corporation to display films or v) subject as hereinafter provided, to contracts of guarantee and indemnity play records for the entertainment of invest and deal with the moneys of of whatsoever kind which may be the public except as aforesaid; the Corporation not immediately necessary or convenient for carrying q) to apply for and obtain, purchase or required in such manner as the Cor- out the objects of the Corporation; otherwise acquire and turn to account poration may from time to time z) to do all such other things as the in any manner that may be thought fit determine; Corporation may consider incidental any Letters Patent or patent rights or iv) subject as hereinafter provided, to or conducive to the attainment of any any interest in any Letters Patent or borrow or raise or secure the payment of the aforesaid objects or the exercise patent rights, brevets d'invention, of money in such manner as the of any of the aforesaid powers of the licences, concessions, and the like Corporation shall think fit, and in Corporation. conferring any right, whether exclu- particular by mortgage or charge of all sive, non -exclusive 4. Restriction on Overseas or limited, to use or any parts of the property or rights Concessions any secret or other information as of the Corporation or by the issue of to any invention in relation any The Corporation shall not acquire any to debentures or debenture stock, charged licence, concession, right or privilege device or machine serving or calculated upon all or any of the Corporation's to serve any useful purpose in con- from or enter into any arrangement property or rights (both present and with the Government of any part of nection with any of the objects of future), and to purchase, redeem or pay the Corporation; the Commonwealth or the Govern- off any such securities: Provided that ment of any other country or place r) subject as hereinafter provided, to the Corporation shall not borrow or enter overseas, without having first obtained into any arrangement with any raise or secure the payment of money the approval of Our Secretary of State. Governments or authorities, supreme, upon any property, interests or rights municipal, local or otherwise, which now held by the Corporation which 5. Constitution may seem conducive to the Corpor- Our Secretary of State has decided in 1) The Governors of the Corporation ation's objects or any of them, and consultation with the Corporation that shall be such persons as shall from time to obtain from any such Government the Corporation is to use exclusively to time be appointed by Us, Our Heirs or authority any licences, rights, for any purpose of the External Services or Successorsin Council. There shall privileges and concessions which the or upon any property, interests or rights be twelve Governors or such other Corporation may think it desirable to which the Corporation has acquired or number as may from time to time be obtain, and to carry out, exercise and may hereafter acquire out of moneys ordered by Us, Our Heirs or Successors comply with any such arrangements, paid to the Corporation out of aids in Council. The Governors shall be licences, rights, privileges and supplies appropriated by Parliament appointed for such respective periods, concessions; for any such purpose; and provided not exceeding five years, as may be s) to establish and support or aid in that the aggregate amount of the moneys ordered by Us, Our Heirs or Successors the establishment or support of so borrowed, raised and secured and at in Council. associations, institutions, funds, trusts any one time outstanding shall not 2) One of such Governors shall be and amenities calculated to benefit exceed £75,000,000 or such greater nominated from time to time to be the employees or former employees of the sum up to a maximum of £100,000,000 Chairman of the Corporation and Corporation or the dependants or as may from time to time be approved another of such Governors shall relatives of such persons, and to grant by Our Secretary of State; be nominated from time to time to be pensions and allowances, to make x) to sell, improve, manage, develop, the Vice-Chairman thereof. Such payments towards insurances and to exchange, lease, mortgage, enfranchise, nomination shall be made by Us, Our subscribe or guarantee money for dispose of, turn to account or otherwise Heirs or Successors in Council and charitable or benevolent objects or for deal with all or any part of the property, may be made at the time when the any exhibition or for any public, general interests or rights of the Corporation: Governor nominated is appointed to or useful object; Provided that the Corporation shall the office of Governor or at any time t) to purchase, take on lease or in not, without the prior approval of Our while he holds that office. exchange, hire or otherwise acquire Secretary of State, sell, exchange, lease, 3) The Governors shall at all times any real and personal property and any mortgage, enfranchise or dispose of include, in addition to the Chairman interests, rights or privileges which the any property, interests or rights now and the Vice-Chairman of the Cor- Corporation may think necessary or held by the Corporation which Our poration, one person, to be designated convenient for the purposes of its Secretary of State has decided in as the National Governor for Scotland, business or the furtherance of its consultation with the Corporation that a second person, to be designated as objects, and in particular any land, the Corporation is to use exclusively the National Governor for Wales, and buildings, easements, apparatus, for any purpose of the External Services a third person, to be designated as machinery, plant and stock -in- trade; or any property, interests or rights the National Governor for Northern u) subject to the prior approval of which thè Corporation has acquired or Ireland. Each person to be designated

6 BBC Guide Constitution continued

as a National Governor shall have been out the consent of the Corporation and the Chairman, or, if he shall be inaccess- selected for appointment as Governor the Corporation shall resolve that his ible or the office of Chairman shall be by virtue of his knowledge of the culture, office be vacated. vacant, by the Vice -Chairman. The characteristics and affairs of Our People 6) As soon as may be reasonably Chairman or the Vice -Chairman, as in the country for which he is to be practicable after a vacancy among the the case may be, before deciding the designated as the National Governor Governors has arisen or at a convenient question, shall, if and so far as may be and his close touch with opinion in that time before such a vacancy will arise, reasonably practicable, consult with country. Such designation shall be the vacancy or approaching vacancy, the other Governors or such of them made by Us, Our Heirs or Successors and, if it involves the Chairmanship or as may be accessible to him, and as soon in Council and may be made at the Vice -Chairmanship of the Corporation as may be after taking his decision shall time when the Governor designated is or the National Governorship for Scot- report the question and his decision appointed to the office of Governor or land, Wales or Northern Ireland, the thereon to the other Governors. at any time while he holds that office. fact that it does so, shall be certified to 4) For the transaction of its business or 6. Us, Our Heirs or Successors by Our affairs, the Corporation may from time Secretary of State under his hand, to the to time appoint Committees of its 1) A retiring Governor shall be eligible for reappointment. end that We, Our Heirs or Successors members, or Committees of its in Council may with all convenient speed members and other persons, for such 2) The Governors, however appointed, proceed to the filling of the vacancy or purposes and on such terms and shall (during such time or times as the vacancy may broadcasting services herein-before approaching and, if involved, conditions as the Corporation the nomination of a Chairman or Vice - think fit. The conclusions of any such referred to shall be carried on by the Chairman of or on the Corporation) receive out of the funds the Corporation the Committee shall not be binding or moneys of the Corporation by way designation of a National Governor for Corporation unless adopted with or Wales or Northern Ireland. by the of remuneration for their services as Scotland, without amendment Corporation in meeting assembled. Chairman, Vice-Chairman, National 7. Governor for Scotland, Wales or 1) The Chairman of the Corporation, 8. General Advisory Council Northern Ireland, or other Governor or in his absence the Vice -Chairman 1) The Corporation shall appoint a (as the case may be) such sum or sums thereof, shall preside at the meetings General Advisory Council for the as Our Secretary of State may, with the thereof. purpose of advising the Corporation approval of Our Minister for the Civil 2) Subject to any regulations made by on all matters which may be of concern Service, from time to time determine. the Corporation under the next follow- to the Corporation or to bodies or 3) The Corporation may pay or make ing paragraph hereof, the Chairman, persons interested in the broadcasting provision for paying to or in respect of or an officer authorised by him so to services of the Corporation. any Governor out of the funds or do, shall summon all meetings of the 2) The said Council shall consist of a moneys of the Corporation such sum Corporation. Chairman and such other members as or sums by way of pension, allowances 3) The Corporation shall meet for the may be selected by the Corporation from or gratuities as Our Secretary of State transaction of its business and affairs, time to time so as to give the Council a may, with the approval of Our Minister and shall from time to time make such broadly representative character. for the Civil Service, from time to time regulations with respect to the summon- 3) The procedure of the said Council, determine. ing, notice, time, place, management including their quorum, shall be such 4) Each Governor may in addition and adjournment of meetings, and as they may from time to time receive out of the funds or moneys of generally with respect to the transaction determine. the Corporation the expenses properly and management of its business and 9. Advisory Bodies incurred by him in the performance of affairs, as the may think Other Corporation may to his office. to the following conditions The Corporation from time fit, subject - time appoint persons or committees 5) A Governor, however appointed, a) in to meeting in England, addition advising the shall cease to be a Governor of the the shall meet in Scotland, for the purpose of Corporation Corporation with regard to matters Corporation (and, if he is such, the Wales and Northern Ireland at such Chairman or Vice -Chairman thereof) may the connected with the broadcasting - intervals as to Corporation and a) if he shall at any time by notice in seem regard being had to services, business, operations appropriate, Each writing to Our Secretary of State resign its representative function; affairs of the Corporation. such person or committee shall be appointed his Governorship; b) the quorum for a meeting shall be with reference to such matters and on b) if his Governorship shall be termin- such number of Governors as Our ated by Us, Our Heirs or Successors in Secretary of State may from time to such terms and conditions as the Council; time in writing prescribe; Corporation may decide. c) if he shall hold any office or place in c) subject to sub -paragraph d) of this 10. National Broadcasting Councils which his interest may in the opinion paragraph, every question shall be 1) The Corporation shall appoint for of Our Secretary of State conflict with decided by a majority of votes of the the purposes of this Article three any interest of the Corporation; Governors present at the meeting and National Broadcasting Councils, to be d) if he shall become incapable by reason voting on that question. In the case of known respectively as the Broadcasting of mental disorder or bankrupt or shall an equality of votes on any question Council for Scotland, the Broadcasting make an arrangement with his creditors; the person presiding at the meeting Council for Wales and the Broadcasting or shall have a second or casting vote; Council for Northern Ireland. e) if he shall absent himself from the d) any question which cannot by reason 2) Each National Broadcasting Council meetings of the Corporation continu- of its urgency be decided at a meeting shall consist of - ously for three months or longer with- of the Corporation shall be decided by a) a Chairman, who shall be, in the

BBC Guide 1 7 Constitution continued

case of the Broadcasting Council for c) the function of tendering advice to fit, and any such committee may include Scotland, the National Governor for the Corporation in regard to all matters or consist of persons who are not Scotland, in the case of the Broadcasting relating to other broadcasting services members of the Council. Council for Wales, the National provided by the Corporation for general 8) Each National Broadcasting Council Governor for Wales, and, in the case reception, which affect the interests of shall make an annual report to the of the Broadcasting Council for Our People in that country; Corporation of their proceedings during Northern Ireland, the National Provided that each National Broad- the preceding financial year or residual Governor for Northern Ireland; and casting Council shall be subject to - part thereof of the Corporation. A b) not less than eight nor more than a) such reservations and directions as National Broadcasting Council may, twelve members, who shall be persons may appear to the Corporation to be and if requested so to do by the selected for appointment by the necessary from time to time in order Corporation shall, make special reports Corporation by a panel of the General to secure the transmission throughout to the Corporation during any year. Advisory Council nominated for that Our United Kingdom of Great Britain 9) Each National Broadcasting Council purpose by the General Advisory and Northern Ireland of broadcasts by may select and nominate for employment Council. Such persons shall be selected Us, Our Heirs or Successors, broad- by the Corporation such officers and after consultation with such repre- casts by Ministers of Our Government staff to serve wholly on the affairs of sentative cultural, religious and other in Our United Kingdom, party political the Council (including affairs of any bodies in Scotland, Wales or Northern broadcasts and broadcasts of national advisory committee) as may appear to Ireland, as the case may be, as the importance or interest; and the Council to be requisite for the panel of the General Advisory Council b) such reservations and directions as proper exercise and performance of think fit, with a view to securing may appear to the Corporation to be their functions and the Corporation a proper balance of representation necessary from time to time for reasons shall employ the officers and staff so on each Council. of finance or in the interest of due co- nominated and shall not without the 3) a) The Chairman of each National ordination and coherent administration concurrence of the Council terminate Broadcasting Council shall cease to be of the operations and affairs of the the employment of any such officer or such if he becomes the Chairman or the Corporation. member of staff: Provided that the Vice -Chairman of the Corporation or 5) If and whenever in the opinion of Corporation may decline to employ or when he ceases to be a Governor thereof. Our Secretary of State an emergency may terminate the employment of any b) The members, other than the shall have arisen in which it is exped- such officer or member of staff if he Chairman, of each National Broad- ient in the public interest that the is unwilling to accept the rates of casting Council shall be appointed for functions of the National Broadcasting remuneration or conditions of employ- such respective periods, not exceeding Councils or any of them under this ment which the Corporation would five years, as the Corporation may think Article shall be suspended, Our offer him if he were to be employed fit. Any such member who is appointed Secretary of State may by notices in or were employed otherwise than on for a period of less than five years shall writing to the National Councils or any the affairs of the Council, or if in be eligible for re- appointment for the of them and to the Corporation give the opinion of the Corporation and remainder of the period of five years directions accordingly and directions the Chairman of the General Advisory from the beginning of his appointment, so given shall have effect according Council it would be detrimental to the or for any shorter period. Otherwise to their terms during the currency of administration of the Corporation to any such member shall be eligible for the notices. Any such notices may be employ or continue to employ him. re- appointment provided that his re- modified or revoked in writing by Our 10) The Corporation shall afford to appointment takes effect not less than Secretary of State at such time or times each National Broadcasting Council one year after the expiration of his as shall in his opinion be expedient. the use of such accommodation and appointment. Any such member may 6) In the performance of their functions the services of such staff to be engaged at any time by notice in writing to the under this Article each National partly on the affairs of the Council Corporation resign his membership. Broadcasting Council shall perform (including affairs of any advisory The membership of any such member and observe all duties and obligations committee) as are requisite for the may at any time be terminated by notice imposed on and all directions given to proper performance of the functions in writing given to him by the the Corporation by or under this Our of the Council. Corporation. Charter or any licence or agreement 11) The Corporation shall pay to each 4) Each National Broadcasting Council granted or made by Our Secretary member of a National Broadcasting shall be charged with the following of State to or with the Corporation Council or any advisory committee functions which shall be exercised with so far as such duties, obligations and appointed by a Council such out -of- full regard to the distinctive culture, directions are capable of being per- pocket expenses as such member may language, interests and tastes of Our formed and observed by the Council. reasonably incur in the performance of People in the country for which the 7) a) Each National Broadcasting his functions. is Council shall have power to regulate Council established. 11. Regional and Local Radio a) the function of controlling the policy their own procedure and to fix their Advisory Councils and the programmes in the quorum: Provided that the Chairman content of 1) The Corporation shall appoint in may call a meeting of the Council Home Services which the Corporation each of its Regions from time to time whenever he thinks fit, and shall call a provides primarily for general reception in being in England a council to be when required so to in that country; meeting thereof known as the Regional Advisory b) such other functions in relation to do by any three members. of advising Council Council, for the purpose the said Services as the Corporation b) Each National Broadcasting the Corporation on the policy and the may from time to time devolve upon shall have power to appoint such content of the programmes which the the Council; and advisory committees as they may think

8 BBC Guide Constitution continued

Corporation provides primarily for Corporation provides primarily for from time to time all such broadcasting reception in the Region for which the reception in any of its Regions or, in services and facilities and to do all such Council are appointed, and on all the case of local sound programmes, acts and things as shall from time to matters relating to other broadcasting any of its localities, in England have time be required by or under any licence services of the Corporation which full regard to the interests of Our granted by Our Secretary of State to affect the interests of persons in that People in that Region or, as the case the Corporation or any agreement Region. may be, that locality. made by Our Secretary of State with 2) The Corporation shall also appoint 10) This Article shall apply to the the Corporation. Isle as Local Radio Advisory Councils in Channel Islands and the of Man 15. respect of all localities in England for it applies to England. It shall be the duty of the Corporation services which local sound broadcasting 12. Organisation to devise and make such arrangements are provided by the Corporation, and 1) The shall appoint such as appear to the Corporation to be best be Corporation each such Council shall appointed officers and staff as it may from time adapted to the purpose of bringing the for an area consisting either of one necessary for the work of the Corporation under more such to time consider such locality or of two or efficient performance of its functions constant and effective review from localities. The function of a Local Radio and transaction of its business. without the Corporation, and to that Council shall be to advise Advisory 2) The Corporation shall fix such rates end the Corporation shall provide the Corporation on the policy and of remuneration and conditions of suitable and sufficient means, which content of the local sound programmes employment for the officers and staff may include public meetings held in which the Corporation provides so employed as the Corporation shall different parts of Our United Kingdom, primarily for reception in the area for consider proper. Subject to the the Channel Islands and the Isle of are appointed. which the Council provisions of paragraph 9 of Article Man, for the representation to the 3) of each Advisory The Chairman 10 of this Our Charter and to any Corporation of public opinion on the Council shall be nominated by the the Corporation programmes broadcast in the Home members contract made between Corporation from among the and any such officer or member of Services and for consideration within thereof. staff, the may remove any the Corporation of criticisms and shall consist Corporation 4) Each Advisory Council officer or member of staff. suggestions so represented. of such number of members as the Corporation may determine who shall 13. 16. Financial. be persons chosen for their individual 1) It shall be the duty of the Corporation, 1) The Corporation is hereby qualities who are broadly representative except in so far as the Corporation is authorised, empowered and required - of the general public in the Region or, satisfied that adequate machinery exists a) to receive all funds which may be as the case may be, the area for which for achieving the purposes of this paid by Our Secretary of State out of the Council are appointed. paragraph, to seek consultation with moneys provided by Our United 5) The members of each Advisory any organisation appearing to the Kingdom Parliament in furtherance of Council shall be appointed for such Corporation to be appropriate with a the purposes of this Our Charter and respective periods not exceeding five view to the conclusion between the to apply and administer such funds years as the Corporation may think fit, Corporation and that organisation of in accordance with the terms and and on retirement they shall be eligible such agreements as appear to the conditions which may be attached to for re- appointment. Any such member parties to be desirable with respect to the grant thereof: and may at any time by notice in writing to the establishment and maintenance of b) to receive all other moneys which the Corporation resign his appointment. machinery for - may be obtained by or given to the 6) The procedure of each Advisory a) the settlement by negotiation of terms Corporation or derived from any Council, including their quorum, shall and conditions of employment of source not hereinbefore mentioned be such as they may determine: Provided persons employed by the Corporation, and to apply and administer such that the Chairman may call a meeting with provision for reference to moneys exclusively in furtherance of of the Council whenever he thinks fit arbitration in default of such settlement the purposes of this Our Charter and so to do, and shall call a meeting thereof in such casesas may be determined by in accordance with any terms and when required so to do by such number or under the agreements; and conditions upòn which such moneys of members as the Corporation may b) the discussion of matters affecting may have been obtained, given or determine. the safety, health and welfare of persons derived: Provided that the Corporation 7) The Corporation shall afford to each employed by the Corporation, and of shall not, without the prior approval Advisory Council the use of such other matters of mutual interest to of Our Secretary of State, receive any accommodation and the services of the Corporation and such persons, moneys as consideration for the such staff as are requisite for the proper including efficiency in the operation of provision of broadcasting services for performance of the functions of the the Corporation's services. general reception from those persons Council. 2) Where the Corporation concludes to whom such services are provided. 8) The Corporation shall pay to each such an agreement as is mentioned in 2) Subject to any such terms and member of an Advisory Council the preceding paragraph, or any conditions as aforesaid the Corpor- (including the Chairman thereof) such variation is made in such an agreement, ation may treat such funds and moneys out -of- pocket expenses as such the Corporation shall forthwith trans- either as capital or as income at its member may reasonably incur in the mit particulars of the agreement or the discretion. performance of his functions. variation to Our Secretary of State. 3) Except as in this Our Charter expressly provided, no funds or 9) In furtherance of the purposes of 14. Provision and Review of Services this Article the Corporation shall moneys of the Corporation derived The Corporation is hereby authorised, in any event be ensure that the programmes which the empowered and required to provide from any source shall

BBC Guide 9 Constitution continued

divided by way of profit or otherwise Account or Accounts and Balance or more Governors authorised for amongst the Governors of the Sheet or in appendices thereto. that purpose by a resolution of the Corporation. 3) The Chairman shall, on the Corporation and counter -signed by 17. completion of every such General the proper officer. Any notice, Report, Account or Accounts and 1) In the event of the Corporation appointment, contract, order or other exercising (otherwise than for the Balance Sheet, forthwith submit the document made by or proceeding from purpose of obtaining temporary same, together with the Reports for the Corporation which is not required banking accommodation and facilities) the same year or residual part thereof to be under seal shall be signed by the power hereinbefore contained of made under paragraph 8 of Article 10 such Governor Or such officer, or borrowing or raising money upon the of this Our Charter by the National by an officer of such class, as the Broadcasting Councils, to security of or otherwise charging all or Our Corporation may, in relation to any any part of its property or rights to Secretary of State to be considered specified document or any document which such power by him and presented to Our United of any specified class, from time to extends, it shall set Kingdom aside out of its revenue such sums as Parliament. time direct. 4) The Corporation shall at all 5) The proper officer of the Corporation will be sufficient to provide for the reasonable repayment of the amount so borrowed times upon demand give to shall be any officer duly authorised as or raised within such period in each Our Secretary of State and all other such by the Corporation. instance as the Corporation may persons nominated by him full liberty with to examine the accounts of the Cor- 20. the prior approval of Our Secretary of 1) The grant of this Our Charter is State determine. poration and furnish him and them with all forecasts, estimates, infor- made upon the express condition that 2) The Corporation shall make proper mation and documents which he or the Corporation shall strictly and provision for replacing or renewing faithfully observe and perform and any property of they may require with regard to the the Corporation. financial transactions cause to be observed and performed 3) The Corporation and engagements may set aside as a of the Corporation. the provisions prescribed therein or reserve or carry over out of its revenue thereunder, and also the provisions such sums as it may deem expedient, 19. General prescribed in or under any licence and may invest, deal with and apply 1) The Corporation may at any time which Our Secretary of State may from such sums in such manner as it may and from time to time apply for and time to time grant to the Corporation think conducive to its objects. accept a Supplemental Charter, or or contained in or prescribed under 18. Annual Report and Statement promote a Bill in Parliament, if it any agreement which Our Secretary of of Accounts appears to the Corporation that a State may from time to time make with Supplemental Charter or an Act of 1) The accounts of the Corporation. the Corporation Parliament shall be audited annually by an auditor is required for, or will be 2) If it is made to appear or appears to or auditors to be appointed by the conducive to, the carrying into effect Our Secretary of State either on the Corporation with the prior approval of any of the purposes or powers of representation of any person or body this Our Charter. politic or of Our Secretary of State, and a person corporate appearing to be 2) No shall not be qualified to be so act or proceeding of the interested or in any other manner Corporation, or of any Council or is reasonable appointed unless he is a member of a howsoever, that there body of accountants established in Committee appointed under the cause to suppose that any of the pro- Our United Kingdom and for the time provisions of this Our Charter, or of visions prescribed in or under this Our any sub -committees appointed by any in being recognised under section 161 (1) Charter or or under any such licence such shall be (a) of the Companies Act 1948. Council or Committee, or in or under any such agreement questioned on account of any vacancy (including any 2) The Corporation shall, once in every stipulations, directions or vacancies in the Corporation, or in instructions Secretary of State) year at least, prepare a General Report or of Our of its proceedings during the preceding such Council or Committee, or in such have not been observed, performed, financial year or residual part thereof sub -committee. given effect to or complied with by the of the Corporation, and attach thereto 3) No defect in the appointment of Corporation, Our Secretary of State an Account or Accounts of the Income any person acting as Chairman, may require the Corporation to satisfy and Expenditure of the Corporation, Vice-Chairman or Governor of the him that such provisions have been Corporation or as a member of any observed, performed, given effect to and a Balance Sheet, which Account or Council or Committee appointed by or complied with, and if within a time Accounts and Balance Sheet shall be member duly certified by the auditor or auditors the Corporation, or as a of specified by him the Corporation shall of the Corporation. The Corporation, any sub -committee appointed by any fail so to do Our Secretary of State such shall be may, if he fit, certify the same if required so to do by Our Secretary Council or Committee, thinks State after deemed to vitiate any proceedings of under his hand to Us, Our Heirs or of consultation with the the Council or Corporation, shall include in such Corporation or of such Successors, and upon such certificate Report such information relating to its Committee, or of such sub -committee being given it shall be lawful for Us, finance, administration and its work in which he has taken part, in cases Our Heirs or Successors, if We or They where the majority of members who shall be so by Letters made generally as Our Secretary State may minded, of are are from time to time specify in writing, parties to such proceedings duly Patent under the Great. Seal, absolutely and shall comply with any directions entitled to act. to revoke and make void this Our 4) Any instrument which, if made by a which may be given in writing by Charter, and everything therein con- Our would be to tained: Provided that the of State after consultation private person, required power of Secretary be under seal shall be under the seal revocation hereby reserved shall not with the Corporation, as regards the of the Corporation and signed by one have or be construed to have the effect information to be given in such

10 BBC Guide Constitution continued

of preventing or barring any proceed- favourable and beneficial sense for the aircraft. The Corporation also ings which may be lawfully taken to best advantage of the Corporation and undertakes to send programmes in annul or repeal this Our Charter. its successors, as well in all Our Courts the External Services for reception of Record as elsewhere by all and in such countries and places beyond 21. singular Judges, Justices, Officers, the seas as may be prescribed (after And We do further will and declare Ministers and other Our Subjects consultation with the Corporation and that on the determination of the said with the approval of the Secretary of expiring on the -first whatsoever, any non -recital, mis-recital term thirty or any omission, imperfection, State and My Lords) by the Govern- day of December One thousand other the defect, matter, cause or thing what- ment Departments concerned. nine hundred and ninety-six soever the in For the purpose of the Home shall to contrary thereof undertaking of the Corporation anywise notwithstanding. Services the Secretary of State is to pay cease, so far as the same may depend IN We have caused to the Corporation (out of moneys by WITNESS whereof upon or be carried on under or Letters to be made Patent. provided by Parliament) during the virtue of the powers and provisions these Our WITNESS at the term of the new Licence a sum or sums and contained, unless Ourself Westminster herein given July in the thirtieth year equal to the whole of the net licence We, Heirs or Successors, shall seventh day of Our Reign. revenue (as defined in clause 16(3)) or by writing under Our or Their Sign of our BY QUEEN'S such percentage or percentages thereof and WARRANT UNDER THE SIGN Manual declare to the contrary, as My Lords may from time to time shall authorise the continuance of the MANUAL Reproduced by permission of the determine. said undertaking under the provisions Controller of H.M. Stationery Office from The Secretary of State may from of this Our Charter or a further Royal Cmnd 8313 time to time direct that sums provided Charter for such further term, and for the purposes of the Home Services under such provisions and conditions LICENCE AND AGREEMENT may also be used for other purposes as We, Our Heirs or Successors, shall though not for the purposes of the think fit, and any term for which this Treasury Minute dated the 2 April, External Services. Sums provided for Our Charter is so renewed shall be 1981 the purposes of the Home Services may construed to be part of the term of this My Lords have before them a new of the 2nd not, without the approval Our Charter. Licence and Agreement dated Secretary of State, be used for the 1981, granted by Her Majesty's April purposes of a subscription 22. Dissolution and Winding -up Secretary of State for the Home It shall be lawful for the Corporation broadcasting service. Department to and concluded by him undertakes to pay to surrender this Our Charter subject with the British Broadcasting The Corporation to the sanction of Us, Our Heirs or to the Secretary of State for each Corporation. sum or sums as he Successors in Council, and upon such by the then financial year such The last Licence granted shall determine as the appropriate terms as We or They may consider fit, Postmaster General to the Corporation and to wind deal with contribution of the Corporation up or otherwise on 7th July 1969 was for a term ending the affairs of the Corporation in such towards the expenses of the Broad- on 31st July 1976, which was extended casting Commission set manner as may be approved by Our Licences dated 7th Complaints Secretary of State. by Supplemental up under the Broadcasting Act 1980. April 1976 and 8th March 1979 so as For the purposes of the External 23. to end on 31st July 1981. Services and other services performed the new Licence is from Upon the voluntary or compulsory The term of at the request of any Department of 1st 1981 to 31st December dissolution of the Corporation the August Her Majesty's Government the Secretary property and assets of the Corporation 1996, subject to revocation in the event or non -performance of State is to pay to the Corporation shall be applied in satisfaction of the of non -observance (out of moneys provided by Parlia- debts and liabilities of the Corporation by the Corporation of any of its of the term of the Royal ment) in each year and subject thereto shall be disposed conditions or those of the new Licence such sums as My Lords of in accordance with the directions of Charter of the Corporation. shall authorise. The Corporation is to Our Secretary of State. The new Licence authorises the to the Secretary of State such use the stations and deliver Corporation to account its expenditure on the 24. Approvals apparatus for wireless telegraphy of Where in this Our Charter any act or External Services and other services established and installed by the at such as he may thing is required to be done with the licences performed request Corporation by virtue of prescribe. approval of Our Secretary of State, granted by the Secretary of State and be in writing An Agreement dated 19th February such approval shall and in office, and to his predecessors 1954 (Cmnd 9089) relating to the may be given absolutely or subject to other stations and establish and install execution of certain defence work is such terms or conditions, as may to apparatus. Certain provisions are Our Secretary of State seem fit. the working continued in force during the con- incorporated concerning tinuance of the new Licence. 25. General Declaration of the stations. My Lords consider the terms of the Lastly, We do further will, ordain and Under the new Licence and new Licence and Agreement and the declare that these Our Letters or the Agreement the Corporation financial provisions made therein to be enrolment or exemplification thereof undertakes, unless prevented by satisfactory and on those grounds have shall be in and by all things good, firm, circumstances beyond its control, to authorised the Secretary of State for valid, sufficient and effectual in law send broadcast programmes in the Department to grant and according to the true intent and reception in the the Home Home Services for conclude it. meaning thereof, and shall be taken, British Islands, the territorial waters construed and judged in the most. thereof and on board ships and JOHN WAKEHAM J. A. COPE

BBC Guide 11 Constitution continued

Licence and Agreement Corporation the licence hereinafter broadcast announcement THIS DEED is made the second day of contained and the Secretary of State mentioning the sponsor or his April One thousand nine hundred and and the Corporation have agreed to goods or services; eighty-one BETWEEN HER MAJESTY'S enter into the arrangements hereinafter 'station' means station for wireless SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME expressed: telegraphy; DEPARTMENT of the one part and THE NOW in consideration of the premises 'station for wireless telegraphy' has BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION and of the matters hereinafter the same meaning as in the Wireless whose Chief Office is situate at appearing THIS DEED WITNESSETH and Telegraphy Act 1949; Broadcasting House, Portland Place in the Secretary of State and the 'subscription broadcasting service' the City of Westminster (hereinafter Corporation hereby covenant and means a service by virtue of which called 'the Corporation') of the other agree with one another and declare as the Corporation receives money or part: follows: - other valuable consideration in WHEREAS on the 20th December 1926 1. respect of the provision of by Letters made Patent under the Great broadcasting services for general IN these presents, except where Seal, a Charter of Incorporation the was subject or context otherwise reception from those persons to granted unto the Corporation for the requires whom such services are provided; purpose of carrying on a - broadcasting a) the following 'wireless telegraphy' has the same service within the British Islands: expressions have the meanings hereby respectively meaning as in the Wireless AND WHEREAS on divers dates by Telegraphy Act 1949; assigned to them, that is to say: Letters made Patent under the Great - b) 'apparatus' means apparatus for references to stations or a station Seal, further Charters of Incorporation or to apparatus are references to and Supplemental Charters have been wireless telegraphy; 'apparatus for wireless telegraphy' stations or a station or to apparatus granted from time to time: and the has the same of the meaning as in the Wireless Telegraphy Corporation. Secretary of State is applying to Her c) in relation to the Isle of Man or Majesty for the continuance of the Act 1949; 'British Islands' means England, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands references to Corporation for a further period Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands and the any Act are references to that Act beginning on the 1st August 1981 and as extended Isle of Man; 'Broadcasting Complaints to the Isle of Man or ending on the 31st December 1996 the Channel Islands. subject to such provisions and Commission' means the Broadcasting Complaints 2. conditions as may to Her Majesty seem fit: Commission set up under Part IV The said Deed dated the 7th July of the Broadcasting Act 1980; 1969 and the AND WHEREAS by a Deed dated the said Supplemental 7th 'Interference' in relation wireless July 1969 made between Her Majesty's to Deeds dated the 7th April 1976 and then Postmaster General of the one telegraphy has the same meaning as in the 8th March 1979 are hereby part and the British Broadcasting the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1949; determined and revoked as from Corporation of the other part Her 'International Telecommunication the beginning of the term of the Majesty's then Postmaster General Convention' means the licence granted by Clause 3 hereof. granted to the Corporation (subject to Convention signed at Malaga - 3. the terms, conditions and limitations Torremolinos on the 25th October Subject to the 1973 and the Regulations and terms, provisions therein contained) a licence for a term Additional Regulations in force and limitations hereinafter con- ending on 31st July 1976 to continue tained the Secretary of State, to use for the purposes stated thereunder, and includes any therein Convention and Regulations which in exercise of the powers conferred its then existing stations and 1 apparatus may from time to time be in force by section of the Wireless for wireless telegraphy and to establish, Telegraphy 1949 and now in substitution therefor or in amend- Act install and use for the said purposes vested in him, hereby grants to ment thereof: 'local means a additional stations and apparatus and authority' local authority within the meaning of the Corporation, for the term granting to the Corporation other beginning on the 1st August 1981 facilities: the Local Government Act 1972, a local authority within the meaning and ending on the 31st December AND WHEREAS the term of the said Deed 1996 a of the Local Government licence - was by Supplemental Deeds dated the a) to use for the purposes hereinafter (Scotland) Act 1973, a district 7th April 1976 and the 1979 8th March council in Northern Ireland, the stated the existing stations established extended so as to end on the 31st July by the Corporation by virtue of 1981: Common Council of the City of London and, without prejudice to licences granted by predecessors in AND WHEREAS by a resolution the dated the effect of the said Act of 1972, the office of the Secretary of State or by 8th January 1981 and annexed hereto the Secretary of State and to establish the Inner London Education Authority; Corporation has renewed the 'Secretary of State' means one of Her from time to time and use for the said assurances previously given in respect at such Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State; purposes additional stations of the general standards of programmes places as the Secretary of State may broadcast by the Corporation: 'sponsored programme' means any approve; matter which is provided at the AND WHEREAS it is deemed expedient b) to use for the said purposes the expense of any sponsor (that is, any that the said Deed dated the 7th July existing apparatus installed by the 1969 and the said Supplemental Deeds person other than the Corporation, Corporation by virtue of such licences, dated the 7th April 1976 and the 8th the Open University and the and to install from time to time and March 1979 should be determined as performers) for the purpose of use for the said being purposes additional hereinafter provided and that the broadcast for general apparatus at the stations of the reception is Secretary of State should grant to the and the subject of a Corporation and at such other places

12 BBC Guide Constitution continued

and in such vehicles, vessels and aircraft State shall so require by notice in the duty of the Corporation to comply as the Secretary of State may approve; writing given after such consultation as with any such directions. shall refrain c) to use the stations and apparatus aforesaid, the Corporation 7. or shall cease to use at aforesaid for emitting, sending, from adopting 1) The stations and apparatus shall be reflecting or receiving - or in relation to the stations whether subject to inspection and testing by any i) wireless telegraphy by the method of now existing or hereafter established person for the time being authorised telephony for the purpose of providing or such of them as may be specified in or nominated for the purpose by or on broadcasting services for general the notice such technical measures or behalf of the Secretary of State but reception in sound, and by the processes as may be so specified. such inspection and testing shall be so methods of television for general 3) If and whenever the Secretary of made and done as not to interfere with reception in visual images and by the State shall so require by notice in the Corporation in the general conduct methods of television and telephony in writing given after such consultation as and operation of any of the stations. the shall adopt combination for general reception in aforesaid, Corporation 2) The Corporation shall afford all visual images with sound, in - and use at or in relation to the stations requisite and proper facilities for such a) the British Islands and the whether now existing or hereafter inspection and testing and shall territorial waters thereof and on board established or such of them as may be provide or secure for the Secretary of ships and aircraft (such services being specified in the notice, such technical State or any person authorised or hereinafter referred to as 'the Home measures or processes as may be so nominated for the purpose by or on Services'); and specified, being measures or processes behalf of the Secretary of State the b) countries and places beyond the which in the opinion of the Secretary right, for the purposes aforesaid or for seas (such services being hereinafter of State are calculated to increase the any other purposes of these presents, referred to as 'the External Services'); coverage or to improve the strength or of entry from time to time into and on and quality either generally or in any area the stations and other premises of the ii) wireless telegraphy for the purpose or areas of the transmissions in the Corporation and any premises which of providing such other services, services provided by the Corporation may be in the possession or occupation whether or not broadcasting services, or any of them. of any person or persons other than State may as the Secretary of approve; 6. the Corporation. iii) wireless telegraphy for the 1) of may at any or related to the The Secretary State 8. purposes ancillary time by notice in writing - services aforesaid, and it is hereby The Corporation shall observe the a) require the Corporation to radiate provisions of the International declared that purposes ancillary or such of its broadcast transmissions as related to the Home Services may Telecommunication Convention and may be specified in the notice from a of any International Convention or include the emission or reception of tower or other installation wireless telegraphy (whether directly or mast, international agreement relating to belonging to the Independent broadcasting to which Her Majesty or indirectly) to or from countries and Broadcasting Authority (in this clause places beyond the seas. the Secretary of State may be or referred to as 'the Authority'); or become a party during the continuance 4. b) require the Corporation to permit of these presents. If and whenever, with a view to such of the Authority's broadcast extending the coverage or to improving transmissions as may be so specified 9. the strength or quality either generally to be radiated from a mast, tower or In order to prevent interference with or in any area or areas of transmissions other installation belonging to the the working or use of any station for in the Home Services or any of Corporation; or wireless telegraphy established or any them, the Secretary of State after c) require the Corporation to apparatus for wireless telegraphy consultation with the Corporation co- operate with the Authority in installed in the British Islands or the shall so require by notice in writing, providing and using an installation and territorial waters thereof or on board the Corporation shall establish and use to radiate such of the Corporation's any ship or aircraft by or for the such additional station or stations in broadcast transmissions as may be so purposes of the Post Office or any such place or places in the British specified from that installation; and it Department of Her Majesty's Govern- Islands as may be specified in the shall be the duty of the Corporation to ment in the United Kingdom or the notice. comply with any such notice. Government of any other part of the 2) Before giving a notice under this British Islands or for commercial 5. clause to the Corporation the Secretary purposes, and in particular with the 1) At each station, whether now existing the Corporation sending and receiving of any ship-and- height of State shall consult or hereafter established, the of and the Authority. shore messages or aircraft- and -ground the aerials, the types and frequencies 3) If, after a notice is given under this messages, the following provisions shall, of the waves emitted therefrom, the clause to the Corporation, a dispute without prejudice to the other pro- aerial power and directivity, and the between the Corporation and the visions of these presents, have effect: - characteristics of the modulating signals Authority arising out of the matters to 1) a) the Corporation shall comply with shall be such as shall be approved from which the notice relates is referred to all reasonable directions which shall time to time by the Secretary of State the Secretary of State by either body, be given to the Corporation by the after consultation with the Corporation. or it appears to the Secretary of State Secretary of State and with all rules The constancy and purity of the waves is such a he may and regulations made by the Secretary high that there dispute, emitted shall be maintained at as give such directions to the Corporation of State for observance by his licensees a as may be reasonably standard as he may think expedient for with respect to avoiding interference practicable. determining the dispute, and it shall be between one station or piece of 2) If and whenever the Secretary of

BBC Guide 13 Constitution continued

apparatus for wireless telegraphy and impartial account day by day prepared Corporation to plan and prepare its another such station or piece of by professional reporters of the programmes in the External Services apparatus; proceedings in both Houses of the in the national interest. b) the Secretary of State shall give United Kingdom Parliament. 6) The Corporation shall at all times consideration to any objections raised 3) The Corporation shall, whenever so refrain from sending any broadcast by the Corporation to any directions requested by any Minister of Her matter which includes any technical given by him as aforesaid and to any Majesty's Government in the United device which, by using images of very such rules or regulations as aforesaid, Kingdom at the Corporation's own brief duration or by any other means, but if the Secretary of State shall expense, send from all or any of the exploits the possibility of conveying a after consideration maintain such stations any announcement (with a message to, or otherwise influencing directions, rules or regulations his visual image of any picture or object the minds of, members of an audience decision shall be final and the mentioned in the announcement if it is without their being aware, or fully Corporation shall act in accordance sent from the television stations or any aware, of what has been done. therewith; of them) which such Minister may 7) The Corporation shall at all times c) the Corporation shall further, so far request the Corporation to broadcast; refrain from sending any broadcast as is reasonably practicable having re- and shall also, whenever so requested matter expressing the opinion of the gard to technical considerations, so use by any such Minister in whose opinion Corporation on current affairs or on the stations and apparatus as not to an emergency has arisen or continues, matters of public policy, other than cause any such interference as aforesaid. at the like expense send as aforesaid broadcasting and matter contained in 10. any other matter which such Minister programmes which consist only of No person acting on the Corporation's may request the Corporation to proceedings in either House of behalf or by its permission shall or broadcast: Provided that the Parliament or proceedings of a local shall be permitted or suffered by the Corporation when sending such an authority, a committee of a local Corporation to divulge any announcement or other matter may at authority or a committee of two or to person its (other than a properly authorised discretion announce or refrain from more local authorities. announcing that it is sent at official of Her Majesty's Government the request 14. of a named Minister. in the United Kingdom or a competent 1) The Secretary of may 4) The Secretary of State may from State from legal tribunal), or make any use what- time to time by notice in writing give ever of, any matter coming to his time to time by notice in writing require the to refrain directions to the Corporation as to the knowledge and not intended for Corporation at maximum time, the minimum any specified time or at all times from time, or reception by means of the stations or both the maximum and the minimum any of them or any of the Corporation's sending any matter or matters of any class specified in time, which is to be given in any day, apparatus for wireless telegraphy. such notice; and the week Secretary of State may at any time or or other period to broadcasts in 11. times vary or revoke any such the Home Services, and as to the hours notice. of the day in which such The stations and apparatus shall not The Corporation may at its discretion broadcasts without the prior approval of the announce or refrain from announcing are or are not to be given. 2) A direction under paragraph 1) Secretary of State be used by the that such a notice has been given or may Corporation or by its permission has been varied or revoked. be framed in any way, and in particular - a) may be confined to broadcasts from for the sending or emission of any 5) The Corporation shall send matter other than matter authorised programmes in those stations which transmit, or the External Services usually transmit, by this Licence to be sent or emitted to such countries, in such languages the same programme, or may be different for different thereby. and at such times as, after consultation stations, or for different programmes 12. with the Corporation, may from time to time be prescribed, with the broadcast from the same stations; The Corporation shall not without b) may make special provisions for the prior approval approval of the Secretary of State and of the Secretary the annual holidays and other special of State receive money or any valuable Treasury, by such Departments of occasions; Her Majesty's Government in the consideration from any person in c) may be confined to a specified day United Kingdom as may from time to respect of the sending or emitting, of the week, or may be different for or the refraining from sending or time be specified in writing by the different Secretary of State, and shall days of the week; and emitting, of any matter whatsoever by perform d) in imposing a such services by way maximum number of means of the stations or any of them, other of hours for any purpose, may allow for and shall not send or emit by means monitoring emissions of wireless telegraphy and programmes or items of specified kinds thereof any sponsored programme. recording matter being left out account in intended to be broadcast by wireless of determining the maximum, whether in all 13. telegraphy as circum- after such consultation stances or depending on the fulfilment 1) Unless prevented by circumstances as aforesaid may from time to time of specified conditions as regards pro- beyond its control, the Corporation be prescribed as aforesaid. The grammes or items so specified. shall send efficiently programmes in Corporation shall consult and 3) The Secretary of State may, whether the Home Services and the External collaborate with the Department so or not a direction under paragraph 1) Services from such stations as, after specified and shall obtain and accept consultation with the Corporation, the from them provides for exemptions, exempt the such information regarding Corporation from any requirement of Secretary of State may from time to conditions in, and the policies of Her time in relation to those Services Majesty's such a direction on any occasion or in Government aforesaid any circumstances. respectively in writing prescribe. towards, the countries so prescribed 2) The Corporation shall broadcast an and other countries as will enable the

14 BBC Guide Constitution continued

15. refunds thereof made by the Secretary United Kingdom shall have control The Corporation shall pay to the of State; over the transmission of any matter Secretary of State on the execution of c) less the expenses incurred by or on whatsoever by means of the stations or this Deed an issue fee of 18,000 in behalf of the Secretary of State in the any of them, it shall be lawful for the respect of the licence hereby granted, collection of such sums as are Secretary of State to direct and cause and on or before the 31st December in mentioned in sub -paragraphs (a) and the stations or any of them or any part each year from 1981 to 1995 inclusive (b) above, in the administration of the thereof to be taken possession of in a renewal fee of such amount as the licensing system, and in investigating the name and on behalf of Her Majesty Secretary of State may determine for complaints of interference by electro- and to prevent the Corporation from that year. magnetic energy affecting broadcasting using them, and also to cause the services within the British Islands. stations or any of them or any part 16. 4) Any account certified by any Under - thereof to be used for Her Majesty's 1) For the purposes of the Home Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the service, or to take such other steps as Services (subject as is and in manner Department of the Secretary of State he may think fit to secure control over hereinafter provided) the Secretary of of any sum payable by the Secretary of the stations or any of them, and in that State shall pay to the Corporation (out State to the Corporation under this event any person authorised by the of moneys provided by Parliament) clause shall for all purposes be final Secretary of State may enter upon the during the continuance of these and conclusive. stations or any of them and the offices a to the presents sum or sums equal 5) The Corporation shall pay to the and works of the Corporation or any whole of the net licence revenue (as Secretary of State for the financial year of them and take possession thereof defined in sub -clause 3) or to such ending with the 31st March 1981 and and use the same as aforesaid. percentage or percentages thereof as each subsequent financial year such 2) If and whenever the Secretary of the Treasury may from time to time sum or sums as the Secretary of State State shall exercise the powers determine: Provided that - may determine as the appropriate conferred on him by sub -clause (1) he a) the Secretary of State may from time contribution of the Corporation may deduct from the sums payable by to time direct that such sums may also towards the expenses of the Broad- him to the Corporation under the be used for such purposes (not being casting Complaints Commission. provisions of clauses 16 and 17 such purposes of the Home Services or the amounts as shall be appropriate having External Services) as he may specify; 17. regard to the extent and duration of and 1) For the purposes of the External the exercise of such powers, but the b) such sums shall not, without the Services and other services performed Corporation shall be entitled to receive prior approval of the Secretary of pursuant to clause 13 (5) and of any from the Secretary of State - State, be used for the purposes of a services performed by the Corporation a) compensation for any damage done subscription broadcasting service. at the request of any Department of to any property of the Corporation, 2) The sums payable by the Secretary Her Majesty's Government in the being damage directly attributable to of State to the Corporation under the United Kingdom (other than services the exercise of any such powers, and performed under clause 13 (13) the provisions of this clause shall be paid b) such sums as are required to defray by him in instalments of such amount Secretary of State shall pay to the any expenses which, regard being had and at such intervals (not being longer Corporation (out of moneys provided to the nature of the emergency, have than one month) as the Secretary of by Parliament) in each year during the been properly and necessarily incurred State shall think fit and any adjustment continuance of these presents such by the Corporation and for meeting between the parties shall be made as sums as the Treasury shall authorise. which revenue is by reason of the soon as conveniently possible. 2) The Corporation shall deliver to the exercise of such powers not otherwise 3) The expression 'net licence revenue' Secretary of State such accounts of its available to the Corporation. means expenditure on the External Services In such case the Secretary of State shall a) sums received by the Secretary of and on other services referred to in repay or allow to the Corporation such State in respect of the issue, under sub -clause (1) covering such periods proportionate part of the issue fee or section 1 of the Wireless Telegraphy and at such times as may from time to renewal fee payable by the Corporation writing by the Act 1949, of licences of a type which time be prescribed in under the provisions of clause 15 as are designed primarily to authorise the Secretary of State. shall be appropriate, regard being had reception of broadcast programmes, 18. to the extent and duration of the less the amount of any refunds thereof Sums paid by the Secretary of State to exercise of such powers. made by the Secretary of State; and the Corporation under the provision b) such proportion (if any) as may be 20. of clauses 16 and 17 shall be applied Any contract entered into by the agreed between the Secretary of State and administered by the Corporation and the Treasury to be proper of the Corporation for the purposes of these in accordance with any terms and presents shall secure the observance sums received by the Secretary of State conditions which may be attached to in respect of the issue as aforesaid of and fulfilment by the Corporation's the grant thereof by Parliament or by contractor of the obligations upon licences of a type which, although the Treasury. authorising the reception of broadcast contractors specified in any resolution programmes, are primarily designed 19. of the House of Commons for the time for a purpose other than such 1) If and whenever in the opinion of being in force applicable to contracts reception (not being licences the Secretary of State an emergency of Government Departments as if the authorising the relaying of broadcast shall have arisen in which it is Corporation were a Department for programmes by wire) after deducting expedient in the public interest that the purposes of such resolution. from such sums the amount of any Her Majesty's Government in the

BBC Guide 15 Constitution continued

21. authorities granted by the licence contained which shall then have 1) The Corporation shall not - hereinbefore contained or the benefit accrued to either of the parties) a) offer or give or agree to give to any or advantage of the covenants and absolutely cease, determine and person in Her Majesty's Service any provisions herein contained or, except become void. gift or consideration of any kind as an as may be provided in the Royal 2) Nothing in this clause shall be deemed inducement or reward for doing or Charter of the Corporation, assign or to prejudice or affect any statutory forbearing to do, or for having done or charge any sum or sums payable by the power of the Secretary of State. forborne to do any act in relation to Secretary of State to the Corporation the obtaining or execution of this or hereunder. 24. any other contract for Her Majesty's 1) Any approval required to be Service or for showing or forbearing to 23. obtained by the Corporation from the show favour or disfavour to any person 1) In any of the following cases, that is Secretary of State under the provisions in relation to this or any other contract to say: - of these presents shall be in writing for Her Majesty's Service; a) if at any time during the continuance and may be given absolutely or subject of these presents b) enter into this or any other contract the Corporation shall to such terms or conditions as the with Her Majesty or any Government not in the opinion of the Secretary of Secretary of State may think fit. Department in connection with which State have adequately performed the 2) Any notice given by the Secretary of commission has been paid or agreed to covenant on its part hereinbefore State to the Corporation under the be paid by the Corporation or on its contained to send efficiently pro- provisions of these presents may be behalf, or to its knowledge, unless grammes in the Home Services, and revoked or varied by any subsequent the before the contract is made particulars External Services; or notice in writing given by him. of any such commission and of the b) in case of any breach, non- observance or non -performance 25. terms and conditions of any agreement The Agreement dated the 19th for the payment thereof have been by or on the part of the Corporation of any of the provisions or conditions February 1954 and made between the disclosed in writing to an authorised Right Honourable Herbrand Edward officer of the Secretary of State. contained in the Royal Charter or the Dundonald Brassey Earl De La Warr 2) Any breach of this condition by the Charters of Corporation or in any document made or issued thereunder, then Her Majesty's Postmaster General Corporation or by anyone employed on behalf of Her Majesty of the one by the Corporation or acting on its or of any of the other covenants or the provisions or conditions contained part and the Corporation of the other behalf (whether with or without the part (which relates to the execution of knowledge of the Corporation) or the herein or in any document made or issued hereunder and on the part certain defence work) shall continue in commission of any offence by the force during the continuance of this Corporation or by anyone employed of the Corporation to be observed and performed, which shall not be Deed, and references therein to the by the Corporation or acting on its Licence therein mentioned shall be behalf under the Prevention of remedied, made good or desisted from within a reasonable time of the deemed to include reference to this Corruption Acts 1889 to 1916, in Deed and references therein to the relation to this or any other contract attention of the Corporation being drawn to the alleged breach, non- Postmaster General shall mean and for Her Majesty's Service shall entitle include the Secretary of State. the Secretary of State to determine observance or non -performance in the contract and recover from the question; or 26. Corporation the amount of any loss c) in case the Corporation shall pass a It is a condition of this Deed that the resulting from such determination and/ resolution for voluntary winding up or contract thereby made shall not be or to recover from the Corporation in case an Order shall be made by binding until it has been approved the amount or value of any such gift, the Court for the winding up of the of by a resolution of the House of consideration or commission. Corporation compulsorily or under Commons. 3) Any dispute, difference or question the supervision of the Court, or in IN WITNESS whereof the Secretary of arising in respect case a Receiver or Manager for any State has hereunto set his hand and of the interpretation debenture of this condition (except so far as the holders, mortgagee or other seal and the Corporation has caused its same may relate to the amount creditor shall be appointed or any corporate seal to be hereunto affixed recoverable from the Corporation debenture holders, mortgagee or other the day and year first before written. shall in under sub -clause (2) in respect creditor enter possession of any of any part of the Corporation's property; SIGNED SEALED AND DELIVERED loss resulting from such determination by Her Majesty's Secretary of of this contract), the right of the then and in any of the said cases the Secretary of State may at any time State for the Home Department: Secretary of State to determine the W.S.I. WHITELAW contract, or the amount or value of thereafter by notice in writing to the any such gift, consideration or Corporation revoke and determine in the presence of:- commission shall be decided by the these presents and the licences, powers ANTHONY BUTLER and authorities hereinbefore granted Secretary of State whose decision shall THE CORPORATE SEAL Of the be final and conclusive. and each and every of them, and thereupon these presents and the said British Broadcasting Corporation 22. licences, powers and authorities and was hereunto affixed in the The Corporation shall not without the each and every of them shall (subject presence of:- prior approval of the Secretary of State and without prejudice to any right of GEORGE HOWARD Chairman assign, underlet or otherwise dispose action or remedy for breach of any of IAN TRETHOWAN Director General of these presents or of the powers or the covenants and conditions herein

16 BBC Guide Constitution continued

Annex recognise that in an ever changing 4. The second category relates to more Resolution of the Board of Governors of society it is impossible to ensure that important and normally infrequent the British Broadcasting Corporation what is inoffensive to one person will occasions when the Prime Minister dated 8th January 1981 never offend another, they are or one of his /her most senior Cabinet determined to keep under constant colleagues wishes to broadcast to the The Board formally resolved to review the standards of all broadcast nation in order to provide information renew their public assurances programmes and the reactions of the or explanation of events of prime concerning programme standards in public to them, along with the systems national or international importance or the knowledge that Governments of all of control needed to maintain their to seek the co- operation of the public always recognised that Parties have broadcasting services at a high standard. in connection with such events. responsibility for the programmes Finally, the Board take note of the 5. The BBC will provide the Prime on broadcast by the Corporation rests need to ensure that proper proportions Minister or Cabinet Minister with the Board of Governors. of the recorded and other matter suitable facilities on each occasion in In so doing the Board recalled those included in the Corporation's this second category. Following such many statements (in Annual Reports programmes are of British origin and an occasion they may be asked to to Parliament and in speeches and British performance, and intend to provide an equivalent opportunity for have served policy documents) which maintain their longstanding practice of a broadcast by a leading Member of over the years to reassure Parliament supporting music and the arts by the Opposition and will in that event and the public that the Corporation's reflecting through broadcasting the do so. adherence to high standards remains work of those who engage in them 6. When the Opposition exercises this unchanged and that it seeks to improve throughout this country. right to broadcast, there will follow as them wherever possible. soon as possible, arranged by the BBC, by permission of the In particular the Board noted that Reproduced a broadcast discussion of the issues Office from the late Lord Normanbrook, as their Controller of H.M. Stationery between a Member of the Cabinet and Chairman, had given assurances to the Cmnd 8233. a senior Member of the Opposition Postmaster General (The Rt. Hon. nominated respectively by the Reginald Bevins, MP) in a letter dated MINISTERIAL BROADCASTS Government and Opposition but not 13th June 1964, and resolved to renew The agreement under which necessarily those who gave the them. Government and Opposition preceding broadcasts. An opportunity Accordingly, the Board reaffirm spokesmen are given facilities to to participate in such a discussion Aide their recognition of a duty to ensure broadcast is contained in an should be offered to a representative that programmes maintain a high Mémoire first drawn up in 1947 and of any other party with electoral general standard in all respects (and in revised in 1969. It sets out the support at the time in question on a particular in respect of content and arrangements for Ministerial scale not appreciably less than that of quality), and to provide a properly broadcasts: the Liberal Party at the date of this balanced service which displays a wide 1. In view of its executive Aide Mémoire. of the range of subject matter. They accept responsibilities the Government 7. As it will be desirable that such an that in order to serve the tastes and day has the right to explain events to Opposition broadcast and discussion needs of different audiences and, in the public or seek co- operation of the between Government and Opposition particular, to show concern for the public through the medium of should follow the preceding broadcast young, programmes must be placed at broadcasting. with as little delay as possible a request appropriate times. 2. Experience has shown that such for the necessary facilities by the The Board recall that it has always occasions are of two kinds and that Opposition should reach the BBC been their object to treat controversial different arrangements are appropriate before noon on the day following the subjects with due impartiality, and they for each. Ministerial Broadcast. This will enable intend to continue this policy both in 3. The first category relates to the BBC to arrange the Opposition the Corporation's news services and in Ministers wishing to explain legislation broadcast and the discussion as soon by the more general field of programmes or administering policies approved as possible. the co- operation dealing with matters of public policy. Parliament, or to seek 8. Copies of the scripts of these The Board accept that so far as of the public in matters where there broadcasts will be supplied to the possible the programmes for which is a general consensus of opinion. Leaders of the Government, the they are responsible should not offend The BBC will provide suitable Opposition and of other parties where against good taste or decency or be opportunities for such broadcasts of their they participate. likely to encourage or incite to crime within the regular framework 9. These arrangements will be reviewed or lead to disorder, or be offensive to programmes; there will be no right of annually. public feeling. While the Board reply by the Opposition.

BBC Guide 17 2 Board of Governors (as at 31 March 1990)

Chairman Lord Barnett is prominent in a number of public and Marmaduke Hussey was born in 1923 and educated at Rugby private companies and a trustee of the Victoria and Albert School and Trinity College, Museum. He is on the International Advisory Board of the Oxford (Honorary Fellow, computer company Unisys and a member of the Halle Com- February 1989). During the mittee. He is also President of the Royal Institute of Public Second World War he served in Administration (RIPA) and a trustee of Birkbeck College. Italy with the Grenadier Guards. He has been a Justice of the Peace in the county of In 1949 he joined Associated Lancashire since 1956 and is married with one daughter. He Newspapers, and became a was appointed Vice -Chairman of the BBC in August 1986. director in 1964. From 1967 to 1970 he was Managing Director National Governor for Northern Ireland of Harmsworth Publications and in 1971 he joined the Dr James Kincade is a consultant in education and was executive board of the Thomson Organisation. He was Chief headmaster of Methodist Executive and Managing Director of Times Newspapers Ltd College, Belfast, until 1988. He from 1972 to 1980, and a director from 1982 to 1986. He is a member of the Senate of became a director of the Colonial Mutual Group in 1982 Queen's University of Belfast, and was a director of M.K. Electrical Group plc from 1982 Chairman of the External to 1988, and of William Collins plc from 1985 to 1989. Relations Committee and a From 1985 to 1986 he was joint Chairman of Great Western member of the Standing Radio. Committee. He is also a Marmaduke Hussey is a member of the Board of the member of the Council for British Council, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Catholic Maintained Schools. Royal Marsden Hospital and a trustee of the Rhodes Trust Educated at Foyle College, Londonderry, and then and of the Royal Academy Trust. He was a member of the successively at Magee University College, Trinity College, Government Working Party on Artificial Limb and Dublin, Oriel College, Oxford, and Edinburgh University. Appliance Centres in England from 1984 to 1986 and in He saw wartime service in the RAF in India and Burma. 1987 became a member of the Management Committee and He was senior English master at Merchiston Castle Education Committee of the King Edward's Hospital Fund School, Edinburgh, from 1955 to 1961 and visiting professor for London. of philosophy at Indiana University in 1959. During His wife, Lady Susan Hussey, has been a Lady in Waiting 1961 -74 he was headmaster of Royal School, Dungannon. to the Queen since 1960. They have a son and a daughter. Dr Kincade is married and has a son and daughter and Marmaduke Hussey became Chairman of the BBC in several grandchildren. He was made a CBE in 1988. November 1986. He was appointed National Governor for Northern Ireland in August 1985. Vice -Chairman Lord Barnett, born in Manchester in 1923, was educated at National Governor for Wales the city's Jewish School and the John Parry was born in January 1934 and was educated at Central High School. A certified Leighton Park, Reading, and accountant from 1954 and senior Christ's College, Cambridge. He partner with J.C. Allen qualified as a veterinary surgeon (following a merger now known and established a practice in as Hacker Young) & Co of Brecon, Wales, in 1958. He has Manchester until 1980, he is held the post of president at both now a consultant to the firm. the British Veterinary From 1964 to 1983, Lord Association and the Royal Barnett had a long and distinguished parliamentary career as College of Veterinary Surgeons. MP for Heywood and Royton in Lancashire. During that Since 1969 John Parry has served on a number of time he was Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1974 -79), a agricultural advisory committees at national level and is a Privy Counsellor (1975) and a member of the Cabinet from member of the Agricultural and Food Research Council. He 1977 to 1979. He was also Chairman of the Public Accounts is a past chairman of BBC Wales' Agricultural Advisory Committee of the House of Commons from 1979 to 1983. Committee and a member of the BBC's Central Agricultural In 1982 he published Inside the Treasury. In 1983 he was Advisory Committee. He was made a CBE in 1985. elevated to the peerage. He is married with two children and lives in Brecon. He

18 BBC Guide Board of Governors continued 2

lists his hobby as field sports. He was appointed National From 1974 to 1976 he was first British Ambassador to Governor for Wales in January 1987. the German Democratic Republic. He held various appointments in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, National Governor for Scotland including Assistant Under Secretary of State (1971 -74) with Professor Sir Graham Hills was born in Essex in 1926. He is a responsibility for the management of the Diplomatic Service graduate of London University, at home and abroad. From 1978 to 1982 he was Ambassador with a BSc, PhD and DSc in to the Soviet Union. chemistry. He began his career Sir Curtis Keeble retired in 1982, but is currently a at Imperial College, London, and consultant to the FCO. He is also a member of the Council in 1962 was appointed professor of the Royal Institute of International Affairs; a member of of Physical Chemistry at the the Council of the School of Slavonic and East European University of Southampton, Studies of the University of London; and Chairman of the where he became Dean of Great Britain -USSR Association. Science and Deputy Publications: The Soviet State: the domestic roots of Soviet Vice -Chancellor. He took up his present appointment as foreign policy (ed) (Gower for Royal Institute of International Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Affairs 1985) and Britain and the Soviet Union 1917 -89 Strathclyde in December 1980. (Macmillan 1990). Sir Graham has held visiting professorships in Canada, Sir Curtis Keeble's recreations include sailing and skiing. the USA and Argentina. He has honorary degrees from the He is married with three daughters. He became a Governor Universities of Glasgow and Southampton, the Technical of the BBC in November 1985. University of Lodz, Poland and the University of Pavia, Italy. He is a Fellow of Birkbeck College and of the Royal Governor Academy of Music and Drama, and has been awarded the Dr John Roberts was born in 1928 in Bath. He was educated Polish Order of Merit and the Royal Norwegian Order of at Taunton School and Keble Merit. A Bruno Breyer medallist, he is the author of many College, Oxford, of which he scientific papers and is an authority in the fields of the was made an Honorary Fellow liquid state and electrochemistry. in 1981. He was subsequently a He is a former secretary of the Faraday Society and a Fellow of Magdalen and Merton former president of the International Society of Electro- Colleges, Oxford, and has been chemistry. Among his other positions he is a Fellow of the Warden at Merton since 1984. Royal Society of Edinburgh; a member of the Advisory In addition he has held academic Council on Science and Technology; a board member of the posts at Princeton, Yale and the Scottish Development Agency; a member of the Design University of South Carolina. From 1979 to 1985 he was Council; a member of the Council for National Academic Vice -Chancellor of Southampton University. Awards; a member of the Glasgow Action Group; and Dr Roberts was editor of the English Historical Review president of the Society of the Friends of Glasgow Cathedral. from 1967 to 1977 and has published a number of books Sir Graham, who was knighted in 1988, has been a Liberal including: The Mythology of Secret Societies, The Paris councillor, and he retains a keen interest in politics and Commune from the Right, The French Revolution, The Pelican political history. He was appointed National Governor for History of the World and The Triumph of the West. The last of Scotland in August 1989. these accompanied the BBC tv series of the same name which he wrote and presented. Governor Dr Roberts is married with one son and two daughters Sir Curtis Keeble was born in 1922. He was educated at and lists his recreation as music. He was appointed a Clacton County High School Governor of the BBC in April 1988. and London University (Queen Mary College), reading German. He served in the armed forces from 1942 to 1947 and was a member of the Diplomatic Service from 1947 to 1982. During that time he served in Washington (1954 -58) and also in West Berlin, Indonesia, Switzerland and Australia.

BBC Guide 19 2 Board of Governors continued

Governor Metalworkers' Federation, where he serves on the executive P.D. James (Mrs C.B. White) was born in 1920 and educated council; vice-president of the West Midlands Productivity at Cambridge High School for Association; and a member of the British Overseas Trade Girls. Board and the Royal Institute of International Affairs. A For 30 years she was engaged member of the Industrial Society Council and a member of in public service, first as an the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, he is administrator in the National also a member of the National Training Task Force and a Health Service from 1949 to governor of the London School of Economics and of 1968, and then in the Home Manchester Business School. Office as Principal, working with He has been awarded the City and Guilds Insignia Award the Police Department and the in Technology (Honoris Causa) 1989. Criminal Policy Department. She retired in 1979. A number Married to a nursing sister, Bill Jordan has three of her novels, which owe much to her experience, have been daughters and four grandchildren. He is a keen supporter of adapted for television - Cover Her Face, Shroud for a Birmingham City Football Club. He was appointed a BBC Nightingale, The Black Tower, Death of an Expert Witness, A Governor in August 1988. Taste for Death and Devices and Desires. In 1982 An Unsuitable Job fora Woman was filmed. Governor P.D. James, a member of the Crime Writers' Association Keith Oates was born in 1942 and educated at Kings School, and the Detection Club and chairman of the Society of Chester; Arnold School, Authors during 1984 -86, is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Blackpool; and the London Arts; a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and a School of Economics, where he member of its management committee; a member of the graduated in 1964 as a BSc(Econ) Arts Council and chairman of its literature advisory panel; in industry and trade. He was and a member of the board of the British Council and of its awarded a postgraduate diploma literature advisory committee. In 1986 she was made an in industrial administration at Associate Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge. In 1987 Manchester University in 1965 she was the chairman of the Booker Prize panel of judges. and in 1969an MSc in She resigned as a magistrate to make time for her other management accounting at Bristol University. commitments. Now the Finance and Administration Director of Marks The widow of a doctor, P.D. James was made an OBE in and Spencer, Keith Oates' first job, in 1965, was as a work 1983. She has two daughters and five grandchildren. Her study trainee with Reed Paper Group. The following year he hobbies are exploring churches and walking by the sea. She joined IBM as a financial analyst, rising to budgets and was appointed a BBC Governor in August 1988. planning manager. In 1973 he moved to Rolls-Royce as Group Financial Controller, in 1974 he became Controller Governor for Black & Decker Europe and in 1978 he joined the Bill Jordan, President of the Amalgamated Engineering Monaco -based industrial conglomerate Thyssen-Bomemisza Union since 1986, was born in as Corporate Controller. He was Vice-President of Finance 1936, educated at Barford Road when he went to Marks and Spencer in 1984 as the youngest Secondary Modern School, director on the main board. His responsibilities there Birmingham, and learnt his trade include being the founder Chairman of Marks and Spencer as a machine tool fitter. Financial Services. Before becoming a full -time Married with four children, Keith Oates is a member of union official in 1977, he was a the Hundred Group of Chartered Accountants and a shop steward and then a member of the CBI Council. He was elected a Fellow of the convener. As one of his union's Association of Corporate Treasurers in 1982. In 1987 he leading lay members, he served on its national committee was appointed a non -executive director of the building and and rule revision body. civil engineering company John Laing. He was appointed a Today, Bill Jordan is a member of the TUC General BBC Governor in August 1988. Council; the National Economic Development Council; the Engineering Industry Training Board; and chairman of the CSEU Engineering Committee. He is also president of the European Metalworkers' Federation in the Community; president of the British section of the International

20 BBC Guide Board of Governors continued 2

The following Governors retired in July 1989: The following Governors were appointed in May 1990: Dr Jane Glover is Artistic Director of the London Mozart Retired Governor Players, with whom she performs, records and travels Watson Peat was born in 1922 and educated at Denny Public extensively. She is also Musical Director of the London School, Stirlingshire. Choral Society and Principal Conductor of the Huddersfield Since wartime service with the Choral Society. As a freelance conductor she has worked Royal Signals in Europe and India, with all the major London independent orchestras and with he has served on a wide range of numerous orchestras in Europe and North America. From public bodies connected with 1985 until 1990 she was a Governor of the Royal Academy agriculture and farming, as well as of Music. running the family farm. Posts he Born in 1949, Dr Glover was educated at Monmouth has held include: chairman, and School for Girls and St Hugh's College, Oxford, where she subsequently president, of the gained a DPhil and in 1982 became a Senior Research Fellow. National Council of the Scottish Association of Young Farmers' She has been awarded honorary doctorates by several British Clubs; president of the Council of the NFU of Scotland; president universities. of the Council of the Scottish Agricultural Organisations Society; Her conducting debut, in 1975, was at the Wexford and chairman of the Scottish Advisory Committee of the Festival. Since then she has conducted at Glyndebourne, the Association of Agriculture. Royal Opera House and the English National Opera. She has From 1974 to 1983 Watson Peat was director of the meat taken part in television documentaries and series including wholesaling and processing firm FMC plc, and from 1974 to Orchestra (1983) and Mozart (1985). She is the author of 1977 a director of the Federation of Agricultural Co-operatives Cavalli (1978) and has contributed to various publications, (UK) Ltd. He was a member of Stirling County Council from including the New Monteverdi Companion (1986), the Musical 1959 to 1975. In 1972 he was awarded the CBE for services to Times and The Listener. From 1981 to 1985 she was a member agriculture. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Agricultural of the BBC's Central Music Advisory Committee. Societies in 1988. During the 1960s and 1970s Watson Peat presented Mrs Shahwar Sadeque, who is 47, was born in Bangladesh agricultural television programmes for BBC Scotland, Grampian and came to Britain in 1963 shortly after graduating with a and Tyne Tees and was chairman of the BBC Scottish first class honours degree in Physics from Dhaka University. Agricultural Advisory Committee from 1971 to 1974. She obtained an MPhil at Bedford College and then became Watson Peat is married with two sons and a daughter and is a a physics teacher at a secondary school in Sutton. In 1985 JP in Stirlingshire. He had been the BBC's National Governor for she took an MSc in information technology at Kingston Scotland since August 1984. Polytechnic and since then she has been involved in part- time research into the application of artificial intelligence Retired Governor and vision systems to manufacturing processes. Lady Parkes was born in 1925 and educated at Perse School for Mrs Sadeque is a member of the Commission for Racial Girls, Cambridge, and Leicester Equality and a member of the Home Office panel monitoring University. Before entering public the Development Programme on Educational Attainment life, she taught at Homerton and Racial Equality in Brent. A former member of various College, Cambridge, for nine years, Conservative Party bodies, including the Conservative from 1965 to 1974. Women's National Committee and the Bow Group Education Chairman of the London Standing Committee, she is the joint author of a Bow Group Diocesan Board of Education from publication, Education and Ethnic Minorities. She has also 1976 to 1980, and chairman of been involved in voluntary work at St George's hospital, governors of Whitelands College, and for OXFAM and UNICEF. She is married, with a London, from 1981 to 1987, Lady Parkes was a member of the daughter aged 26 and a son aged 19. Press Council from 1978 to 1984 and chairman of the BBC Radio London Advisory Council from 1979 to 1983. The following Governor has been appointed from August Lady Parkes is currently a member of the Secondary 1990: Examinations Council and chairman of their craft design and Lord Nicholas Gordon Lennox KCMG KCvo served as technology committees; and chairman of the National Curriculum Ambassador to Spain from 1984 to February 1990. He was Design and Technology Working Group. Head of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office News Depart- Married with a son and daughter, Lady Parkes had been a ment in 1973 and Assistant Under -Secretary responsible for Governor of the BBC since August 1984. Information and other Departments between 1979 and 1984.

BBC Guide 21 3 Board of Management

Director -General and Current Affairs. In this period he oversaw the launch of Michael Checkland was born in 1936 and educated at King The South Bank Show, The London Programme, Credo, and the Edward's Grammar School, London Minorities Unit. Five Ways, Birmingham, and In 1975 and 1976 he co -wrote an influential series of Wadham College, Oxford, articles for The Times with his former Weekend World where he graduated in modern presenter, Peter Jay, with the thesis that television news and history, becoming an Honorary current affairs programmes had a built -in "bias against Fellow in 1989. understanding ". From university he joined In the late 1970s, John Birt took leave of absence Parkinson Cowan Ltd, becoming from LWT to co- produce David Frost's post- Watergate internal auditor before moving interviews with Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger. In 1982 as accountant to Thorn Electronics Ltd in 1962. In 1964 he he became LWT's Director of Programmes. joined the BBC as senior assistant in the Cost Department. He has been a member of the Wilton Park Academic He became senior cost accountant in May that year, Head Council, the Media Law Group and the executive committee of Central Finance Unit in 1967, Chief Accountant of the of the Broadcasting Research Unit. BBC's Central Finance Services in 1969, and Chief John Birt is 45. Accountant, BBC Television in 1971. In June 1976 he became Controller, Finance, and in May Managing Director, World Service 1977 was appointed Controller, Planning and Resource John Tusa was born in Zlin, Czechoslovakia, in 1936. His Management, Television, a new post which took effect from family moved to England in 1939 October 1977. In January 1982, he was appointed to the new when his father was appointed post of Director of Resources, Television. managing director of the British He was appointed a director of Visnews Ltd in April subsidiary of the Bata Inter- 1980, became Deputy-Chairman in June 1982 and was national Shoe Company. John Chairman from April to September 1984. Tusa became a British citizen in In April 1985 Michael Checkland was appointed to a 1947. small group formed to review the BBC's existing activities in Educated at Gresham's the light of the licence fee settlement. In July 1985 he took School, he spent two years up a new post of Deputy Director -General, with responsi- national service in West Germany as a second lieutenant bility for resource management throughout the with the Royal Artillery before taking a first -class degree in Corporation. He was also responsible for the BBC's modern history at Trinity College, Cambridge. commercial activities and had specific responsibility for the John Tusa joined the BBC straight from university in central directorates of Engineering, Finance and Personnel. 1960 as a general trainee. After two years in radio, television He was appointed Director-General in February 1987. and the regions, he became a current affairs producer in the Michael Checkland is a director of BBC Enterprises Ltd. BBC External Services. In 1967 he started work as a freelance He is a vice -president and a Fellow of the Royal Television broadcaster. Later he presented both The World Tonight on Society. Radio 4, and Twenty Four Hours on BBC World Service; in 1979 he began his long association with the Newsnight Deputy Director-General programme on BBC2. In 1983 he was the Royal Television John Birt became Deputy Director-General of the BBC in Society's TV Journalist of the Year and in 1985 won BAFTA's May 1987. Richard Dimbleby Award. He was appointed Managing A Liverpudlian by birth, Director of the BBC's External Services in September 1986. he read engineering science at Besides his work for the BBC, John Tusa co- authored St Catherine's College, Oxford, The Nuremberg Trial (1983) and The Berlin Blockade (1988) before beginning his television with his wife Ann. career in 1966 with Granada. He produced Nice Time and became joint editor of World in Action. In 1971, he moved to LWT, where he produced The Frost Programme, before launching Weekend World, as its first executive producer in 1972. In 1974, he became LWT's Head of Current Affairs and in 1976 Controller of Features

22 BBC Guide Board of Management continued 3

Managing Director, Network Radio Managing Director, Network Television David Hatch was born in Hulme Walfield, near Congleton, Paul Fox cas was appointed Managing Director, Network Cheshire in 1939, the son of a Television, on 25 April 1988. parson. Paul Fox's television career He was educated at St John's, started with the BBC in 1950 Leatherhead, and Queens' as a scriptwriter on Television College, Cambridge, where he Newsreel. His posts included the took a degree in history and won editorships of Sportsview and of a distinction in the diploma of Panorama, Head of Current education. In 1963 he co- starred Affairs Group, and Controller with John Cleese, Graham BBC1 (1967-73). He then joined Chapman, Bill Oddie and Tim Brooke-Taylor in the Yorkshire Television as Director of Programmes and was Cambridge Footlights Revue, Cambridge Circus, which Managing Director from 1975 to 1988. He was a Director of transferred to the West End and then Broadway. ITN from 1977 to 1986 and Chairman from 1986 to 1988. He first worked for the BBC as an actor and writer for He was a Director of Channel Four from 1985 to 1988. His I'm Sorry I'll Read That Again. He also co-produced several television awards include the Royal Television Society's series. Cyril Bennett Award for his "outstanding contribution to He was a Radio Times journalist and researcher on television programming ", the International Emmy (1989) In Town Tonight before his appointment as a radio light for "his outstanding contribution to television" and the entertainment producer in 1965. Among the wide variety of BAFTA Fellowship (1990). In 1985, he became president of shows he originated and produced are Hello Cheeky, Week the Royal Television Society. He is Chairman of BBC Enter- Ending, Just a Minute, Frank Muir Goes Into ..., I'm Sorry I prises and a director of Listener Publications. He is an Haven't a Clue and the radio versions of Doctor in the House, honorary LLJ of the University of Leeds. What Ho! Jeeves, Brothers in Law and All Gas and Gaiters. David Hatch was executive producer, Programme Managing Director, Regional Broadcasting Development (1971 -74) and then Radio Network editor in Ronald Neil was appointed Managing Director, Regional Manchester (1974 -78). He became Head of Radio Light Broadcasting, in April 1989 and Entertainment in February 1978, was appointed Controller, took up the position on 5 June Radio 2 in November 1980 and then became Controller, 1989. Radio 4 in June 1983, where he remained for three years. The son of a Glasgow lawyer, He was Director of Programmes, Radio, from July 1986 to Ronald Neil was born in Glasgow August 1987, when he became Managing Director, Network in June, 1942 and educated at Radio. Glasgow High School. He worked He is Vice -Chairman of BBC Enterprises Ltd and on the in Glasgow and Aberdeen before boards of management of the Services Sound and Vision joining the BBC. Corporation, and Listener Publications. He is also Vice - He joined the BBC in Aberdeen 21 years ago as a regional President of the European Broadcasting Union's Radio radio and television reporter. He moved to the Current Programme Committee. Affairs Department in London in 1970 as a film director and producer on Nationwide, 24 Hours and Tonight, later editing That's Life and Newsnight. Ronald Neil was the founding Editor of Breakfast Time and the Six O'Clock News, and became overall Editor of BBC Television News in 1985. In 1987 he was made Deputy Director of News and Current Affairs and a year later became Director of News and Current Affairs.

BBC Guide 23 3 Board of Management continued

Director of Engineering Director of Finance Bill Dennay was appointed Director of Engineering in June Ian Phillips joined the BBC in July 1988 from the British 1987. Railways Board, where he was Born in 1935, Bill Dennay Director of Finance and Planning. joined the BBC as a technical Educated at Whitgift School, assistant in 1956 and in 1961 Croydon, he began his career as moved to the BBC's Engineering an articled clerk, qualifying as a Training Department as a chartered accountant in 1960. He lecturer. He became Assistant later worked in the Management Chief Engineer, Transmitters, in Services Department of the John 1978 and the following year was Lewis Partnership, and in 1969 appointed Chief Engineer, External Broadcasting. In 1984 joined the London Transport Executive, where he was he became Controller, Operations and Engineering, Radio, Director of Corporate Planning, Chief Business Officer and and in July 1985 was appointed Assistant Director of Group Planning Director. He became board member for Engineering. Finance at London Regional Transport in 1980. Mr Dennay holds a Dip.EE qualification and is a Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers and a member of the Director of Personnel Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers. He is a vice - Roger Chase took up his appointment as Director of president of the Institution of Electronics and Electrical Personnel, responsible for all Incorporated Engineers, and a vice -president of the Royal personnel and industrial relations Television Society. matters throughout the BBC, on

1 April 1989. Director of Corporate Affairs He was born in Portsmouth Howell James became Director of Corporate Affairs in in September 1928 and was September 1987. Born in educated at Gosport Grammar London in 1954, he was educated School. He did his National at Mill Hill School, and joined Service in the Royal Navy. the advertising agency Masius, He joined BBC Engineering in 1944. He was an assistant Wynne- Williams and D'Arcy in the Engineering Personnel Department and assistant to Mac Manus in 1973. For three Head of Equipment Department, Engineering Division years he worked on a variety of before becoming Head of Personnel Engineering (Radio and different advertising accounts Transmission) in 1964. In 1967 he was promoted to Head of before moving, in 1976, to Personnel Television Programme Services and in 1972 he Capital Radio where he ran the Promotions Department became Chief Personnel Officer, Television. He became and the Help A London Child charity. In 1982, he joined Head of Central Services Group in 1974 and Controller, TV -am, the commercial breakfast television company, as Personnel, Television in 1976. Head of Press and Publicity, before it went on air in 1983. In 1982 he was appointed Deputy Director of Personnel. Howell James was appointed special adviser to Lord Young, Minister Without Portfolio, in the Cabinet Office in 1985 and later that year moved with him to the Depart- ment of Employment. He was a special adviser there until June 1987 when he went to the Department of Trade and Industry. Howell James is on the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board.

24 BBC Guide Senior Staff 4

Senior Staff World Service The Secretary John McCormick Managing Director John Tusa The Deputy Secretary Towyn Mason. Deputy Managing Director David Witherow Controller Resources and Administration Christopher Irwin Policy and Planning Unit: Controller Overseas Services Peter Udell Head of the Policy and Planning Unit Patricia Hodgson Controller European Services Andrew Taussig Policy Wilson Controller Editorial John Controller English Services Elizabeth Smith Chief Political Adviser Margaret Douglas General Manager Monitoring Barry Whitehall Business Policy Adviser Mark Oliver Editor World Service News Bob Jobbins Group Resources Manager Henry Campion General Manager, Engineering Gordon Harold Head of Management Resources Robin McCron Chief Personnel Officer John Davis Head of Broadcasting Research Department Peter Menneer Chief Accountant Ernest Newhouse Legal Adviser's Division: Engineering Legal Adviser Gareth Roscoe Director Bill Dennay The Solicitor John Coman Deputy Director Charles Sandbank of Programme Contracts Head Jeremy Hill Chief Engineer Transmission Bert Gallon Head of Copyright Tom Rivers Chief Engineer Information and Training Phil Laven Network Television Head of Research Department Dr Bruce Moffat Managing Director Paul Fox CBE Chief Personnel Officer Brian Head Director Resources Cliff Taylor Chief Accountant Bernard Buist Controller BBCI Jonathan Powell Head of Engineering Information Department Henry Price Controller BBC2 Alan Yentob Personnel Managing Director Will Wyatt Assistant Director Roger Chase Controller, Production Resources Michael Lumley Head of Corporate Management Development Bob Nelson Personnel Controller Rob Murdoch Head of Corporate Personnel Policy Development Roger Johnson Controller Planning and Programme Services Keith Anderson Chief Accountant Julian Ekiert Finance Chief Engineer Peter Marchant Director lan Phillips Group Chief Accountant Martin Diamond Network Radio Chief Accountant Corporate Finance John Smith Managing Director David Hatch Director Resources Duncan Thomas Corporate Affairs Controller Radio I Johnny Beerling Director Howell James Controller Radio 2 Frances Line Controller Information Services Michael Bunce Controller Radio 3 John Drummond cas Controller International Relations Alan Hart Controller Radio 4 Michael Green Head of International Relations Paul Hodgson Controller Radio 5 Pat Ewing Head of Corporate Affairs and Press Relations Peter Rosier Chief Personnel Officer Chris Storey Head of Information Services Brian Clifford Chief Accountant Frank McGahern Head of Television Publicity Keith Samuel Head of Radio Publicity and Promotions Sandra Chalmers News and Current Affairs Head of Press and Publicity World Service Richard McCarthy Director Ian Hargreaves Head of Publicity and Public Relations News and Current Affairs Assistant Director Eric Bowman MBE Richard Peel Editor Radio Jenny Abramsky Head of Corporate Publicity and Promotions Richard Gilbert Editor Television Tony Hall Head of Press and Information Bob Dulson Resources Roy General Manager Vitty Head of Press and Public Relations Regional Broadcasting Chief Accountant Clive Timms Julia Shipston Chief Personnel Officer Jo Marsh Educational Broadcasting Regional Broadcasting Neil Controller Dr Eurfron Gwynne Jones Managing Director Ronald Head of Educational Broadcasting Services Brian Wright Controller Keith Clement Assistant Controller (Finance and Resources) Dick Bates BBC Enterprises Ltd Assistant Controller (News and Current Affairs) Robin Walsh Board of Directors: Chief Engineer Regional Broadcasting Resources John Elfes Chairman Paul Fox CBE Chief Personnel Officer Helen Griffiths Vice -Chairman David Hatch Chief Assistant, Regional Broadcasting Moyra Tourlamain Chief Executive James Arnold -Baker Controller Scotland Patrick Chalmers Director of Business Administration John Keeble Controller Wales Geraint Talfan Davies Director Programme Sales Keith Owen Controller Northern Ireland Rev Dr Colin Morris Director Magazines Dr John Thomas Head of Broadcasting Midlands David Waine Director, Consumer Products Nick Chapman Head of Broadcasing North John Shearer Director Finance Ken Wright Head of Broadcasting South & East Ian Kennedy Director Co- Productions Roger Laughton Head of Broadcasting South & West John Prescott Thomas Non- Executive Directors Michael Checkland, Gareth Roscoe

BBC Guide 25 5 Councils and Committees

Members at 31 March 1990 Rural and Agricultural Affairs Members of advisory bodies can be contacted through Chairman John Hearth CBE the appropriate secretary or manager of Press and Public Mr J. Caldwell, Mr A. Darby, Mrs A. Foster, Relations. Addresses are given below. Members of local Mr R. Grove -White, Mr T. Jones, Mr T. Keene, radio advisory councils can also be contacted through the Miss S. Longley, Mr L. Morrell OBE, Sir John Quicke, manager of the local radio station. These addresses are Mr M. Rees CBE, Prof C. Spedding, Mrs T. Wickham, listed on pages 31 -37. Mr B. Wookey. Appeals GENERAL ADVISORY COUNCIL Chairman Sir Harold Haywood Kcvo OBE Chairwoman Baroness Blackstone Mr R. Best, Mrs P. Bibby, Lady Crathorne, Dr R. Davie, Sir Eric Ash CBE FRS, Mr Ken Baddiley OBE, Mrs M. Garland OBE, Mr N. Hinton CBE, Mrs Fiona Ballantyne, Miss Dorothy Blenkinsop, The Hon A. Hoyer Millar, Mr C. Johnston, Ms L. Lazenby, Sir Walter Bodmer FRS, Mr Martin Brandon -Bravo MP, Prof J.P. Quilliam, Mrs N. Robertson, Mr P. Stokes, Mr Gerard Burns, Mrs Alexandra Burslem IP, Mr P. Sweeney, Cmdr T. Trick, Mr F. Trinder, Mr Menzies Campbell MP, Mrs Mary Clark -Glass, Miss P. Young CBE. Mr Patrick Conway, Dr Neil Cossons OBE, Science Sir Robert Cowan, Mrs Elizabeth Filkin, Mr Mark Fisher MP, Chairman Sir Eric Ash CBE FEng FRS Mrs Llin Golding MP, Prof Richard Griffiths, Prof M. Brady, Dr S. Brenner FRS, Dr R. Dawkins, Mr Martin Hammond, Dr Maurice Hayes, Prof R. Gregory CBE FESE, Dr J. Hampson, Dr L. Iversen FRS, Sir Harold Haywood, Mr David Hutchison, Mr Alby James, Prof D.F. Jackson OBE FESA, Prof R. Mackie, Prof Ian Kennedy, Rev David Lapsley, Mr Pravin Lukka, Prof P. Maitlis FRS, Dr B. Modell, Mr R. Peto FRS, Mrs Avril Macdonald, Baroness Masham of Ilion, Prof I. Shanks FRS, Prof L. Wolpert CBE FRS Dr Derec Llwyd Morgan, The Rt Hon Alfred Morris MP, Members of these be Miss Kate Mortimer, Mr Dipak Nandy, Sir Peter Newsam, bodies can contacted through: The Secretary BBC, Broadcasting House, London W IA IAA Sir Michael Palliser, Mrs Elizabeth Peacock MP JP, Mr David Schwarz, Prof Adrian Thomas, SCOTLAND Mr Surjit Singh Sokhi, Sir John Stradling Thomas MP, Mrs Rosalind Mary Thomas, Mr David Turner, Broadcasting Council for Scotland Mr Ronny Utiger, Mr Richard Wells. Chairman Prof Sir Graham Hills Religion Mrs M. Blythman, Mrs M. Dobie OBE, Prof D.C. Carter, Chairman The Rt Rev D. Sheppard, Bishop of Liverpool Mrs D. Littlejohn, Mrs K. Millar, Mr F. MacLennan, The Rev D. Alexander, Mr Rev N. Shanks, Mr A. Shiach, Mr N. Smith, Ms Y. Strachan C. Carras, Ms P. Chadwick, Religion Ms S.M.M. Cooper, Dr S. Darsh, Mr A. Das, Rev Prof D. Davies, Rev Dr D. English, Chairwoman Miss S.M.M. Cooper The Rt Rev Mgr C. Hollis, The Rt Rev P.A. Kelly, Rev J.W.A. Forbes, Rev H.G. White, Rev H. Alexander, Mr King, J. Rev E. Lake, Rev P. McKenna, Drew Mrs O'Neill, Mr W. Sneader, The Rt Rev G. McMullan, Very Forbes Rev P. Mohabir, Rabbi Dr J. Sacks, Rev M. Taylor, Rev G. Rev A. Wilkinson, Rev W.I. Cynwil Williams, Education Chairman Mr G. Rev Prof F. Young. Kirk Education Vice -chairman Mr H.A. Ashmall THE EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING Mr W.T. Beveridge, Mrs D. Dalton, Prof J. Duthie, Mr A. Inglis, P. Kimber, R. T. COUNCIL FOR THE UK Mr Mr Louden, Mr McCool, Chairman Sir Peter Newsam Mr J. McDonach, Miss M. MacLean, Mrs M. McPherson, Mr J. McVittie, Mr J. Martin, Mrs S. Mohamed, Mr W.T. Beveridge, Mr D.H. Blezard, Ms B. Campbell, Mr N. Paine, Mr B. Robertson, Ms A. Sharland, Mr P. Dines, Mr A.E. Dodd, Mr M.N. Duffy, Mr J. Everson, Mrs M. Sked, Mrs P. Slater, Cllr Mr D. Grover, Ms J. Hall, Mr G. Kirk, Mr J. Lambert, C.K. Soames, Cllr N. Toppin, R. Mr I.R. Lloyd, Mr R. MacGabhann, Ms M. McPherson, Dr G. Wilson, Mr Wilson Ms R. Michaels, Dr E. Midwinter, J. Agriculture Mr Phillips, Chairman Caldwell Mr J. Porter, Mrs I.R. Raphael, Mr M.E. Richardson, Mr John Mrs A. Borthwick, Mr D.B. Boyd, Mr J. Christie, Mrs A. Risman, Miss Roberts, J. G. Mrs Sallis, Miss M. Mr Mr C.C. Tipple, Mr A. Tuckett, Ms Mair Waldo Thomas, Corrie, R. Dennis, Mr I.A. Macmillan, Mr I.H.N. Wallace, Mr C.W. Warne, Mr J.F. Young. Mr D. Nelson, Mr I. Thomson, Mr H.D. Wilson. Continuing Education Committee Appeals Chairman Mr C. Chairwoman Mrs A. Risman Johnston Dr P.K. Buxton, Mrs S. Parry, Mr W. Howie, Mr R. Adams, Ms J. Alloway, Ms H. Aujla, Ms B. Bernard, Mrs S. Montgomery, Mrs R. Goodlad Mr D. Davies, Prof J.R. Durant, Ms D. Hall, Mr C. Hewitt, Gaelic Mr R. Hope, Mr A. Inglis, F. Dr Ledwith, Chairwoman Mrs A. Rennie Mr R. MacGabhann, Mr R. Mercer, Ms R. Morpeth, Mrs C. Cameron, Mr I. Kennedy, Mr A. MacArthur, Dr H. Richards, Ms J. Scribbens, Ms L. Tett, Mr Willetts, D. Rev. Fr Ms R. Wright. J.M.M. Macarthur, J.A. Macdonald, Mr H.A.M. Maclean, Mr R. McIver, The Rev Prof J.D. MacMillan, Mr D. Martin, Mrs C. Macdonald. Contact: The Secretary, BBC, Broadcasting House, Glasgow 012 SDG

26 BBC Guide Councils and Committees continued 5

WALES Appeals Broadcasting Council for Wales Chairman Mr P. Sweeney Chairman Mr J. Parry cas Dr I. Adamson, Dr N. Casey, Mr J. Conlon, Mr D. Fisher CBE, Prof J.O. Williams, Mr B.H.J. Draine, Mrs F. Hyslop, Mr G. Maguire, Lady Hooson, Captain N. Lloyd- Edwards, Dr R. Davies, Mr R. Mullan, Mrs A. McGinley, Dr D. Stevens, Mr A. Ward Mr D. Greensmith, Mr V. Williams, Mr J. OBE, Morris Contact: Miss P.A. Thomas, Mr D.H. Davies, Mrs B. Jarvis, The Secretary, BBC, Broadcasting House, Ormeau Avenue, Mrs J. Napier Religion Belfast BT2 8HQ Rev Cynwil Chairman The W.I. Williams NORTH WEST Father L. Bonsall, The Rev D. Bale, Mrs E. Gruffydd, Regional Advisory Council The Rev A. Meirion Roberts, The Rev J. Lewis, Chairwoman Mrs A. Burslem JP The Ven Dr Barry Morgan, Mrs N. Morgans, Mr G. Jones MBE, Prof P. Toyne, Mr A. Fordyce MBE JP, Miss R. Lewis, Mrs K. Delpak Education Mr P.N. Denson, Mr R. Wilson MBE JP, Dr S. Chatterjee, Mrs J. Hinnigan, Mr B. Charlton CBE, Chairman Mr J. Phillips Mr A. Humphreys, Mrs E. Edwards, Ms S. Medlyn, Vice -Chairman Mr K. Davies Mrs I. Conway, Ms L. Andrew, Mr D. Taylor, Ms S. Bowen, Mr L. Faircloth, Dr D. Hopkin, Mr G. Kinsella, Mr D. Norbury Mr Rh. Thomas, Mr B. Whettleton, Mr I. Lewis, Radio Cumbria Ms G. Roberts, Dr H. Richards Chairman Mr P.N. Denson Agriculture Mrs J. Barter, Mrs M. Atkinson, Mr D. Fiddler, Chairman Mr M. Rees CBE Mr S.H. Lindeman, P. Naylor, Mrs E. Kent, H. Mr Mr G. Smith, Mr D.H. Roberts, Mr Jones, Mr C.R. Greaves, Mr G.J. Pickup, Mr R.F. Wickings, R. Jones, Prof Hayes, Mr Howells, Mr J.D. R.M. Mrs D. Coan, Mrs B.E. Fawcett, Mr T.H. Richardson, Mrs S. Pugh, Mr J. Vaughan, Mrs P. Keen Mrs S. Gill, Mr R.W. Taylor, Mrs I. Ellis Appeals Lancashire Chairman Commander T.S. Trick Radio Chairman Mr A. Fordyce MBE JP Mr D. Gwynne Evans, Miss N. Hughes, Mr J. Chew, Mrs T. Holding, Mr A. Halim, Mrs J. Barberel, Mr G. Berry, Mrs N. Valintine, Ms J. Bevan, Mrs G. Holme, Mr D. Hollingdale, Mr K. Broom, Mrs A. Humphries, Mr E. Davies, Mr J.R. Williams, Mr R. Hook, Mrs P. Durkin, Mrs S. Halliwell, M.J. Walker Mr Mr N. Young, Mr K. Howarth Contact: Greater Manchester Radio The Secretary, BBC, Broadcasting House, Llandaff, Chairman Mr G. Jones MBE Cardiff CF5 2YQ Ms F. Done, Mr P. Hampson, Ms B. Gibbons, Mr P. Allen, Mrs H. Larkin, Mr N.C. Smith, Dr K.C. Malholtra, NORTHERN IRELAND Mr G. England, Ms W. Holland, Mr D. Smith, Broadcasting Council for Northern Ireland Mr C. Wharton, Ms M. Ryan Chairman Dr J. Kincade CBE Radio Merseyside Mrs M. Abernethy, Mr C. Cavanagh, Chairman Prof P. Toyne Mr T.D. Douglas MBE, Mr J. Flynn, Mr P. Kinsella, Ms L. Hobson, Mr C. Maddocks, Mr J.D.C. Faulkner CBE, Mrs A.S. Gibson, Mr G. Lloyd, Mr M. Honeybourne, Mr M. Catesby, Mrs M. McAleese, Mr D.G. O'Neill, Mrs A. Tannahill, Mr R. Sawyer, Mr K. Hatton, Ms R. McCarthy, Mr D. Wilson Rev N. Frayling, Mr M. Lyons, Ms J. Berry Religion Chairman Rt Rev Dr G. McMullan NORTH EAST Miss T. Abernethy, Rev L. Baxter, Rev D. Chillingworth, Regional Advisory Council Rev M. Collins, Rev W.D. Cupples, Chairwoman Miss D. Blenkinsop Sister Soubirous Fitzgerald, Pastor J. Rea Grant, Mr G. Allanson, Mrs R. Chowdhry, Mr J.M. Corner, Dr J.H. Gillespie, Rev E. Hewitt, Rev J. Kearney, Ms J. Creasey, Mr F. Davis, Miss J. Draycott, Dr J. Gosnold, Rev M.R. Patterson, Rev J.T. Magowan, Mr P. McCrossan Mr D. Graham cas, Ms C. Hart, Mr T. Hildred, Mr D. Hill, Education Mrs C. Imber, Mr G. Key, Mr F. Paterson, Mrs J. Rodgers, Chairman Mr J.F. Young Mr J. Tholen, Ms M. Wood Miss E.E. Carson, Mr J. Caves, Mr P.B. Collins, Radio Cleveland Mr J. Greenwood, Mr R. Hope, Mr J.G. Kelly, Chairman Mr J. Tholen Mrs C. Linehan, Mr R. MacGabhann, Mrs S. McGrogan, Mr D. Allan, Mrs M. Baigent, Mr K. Blackwood, Mr J.M. Smyth, Miss C.E. Steen, Mr I. Wallace, Mrs M. Blake, Mr R. Cook, Mrs M. Dack, Mr T. Elliott, Mr H.W. Young OBE Miss J. Kenyon, Mr N. Littlewood, Miss B. Murphy, Agriculture Mr A. Port, Mr D. Shand, Mr R. Simpson, Mr J. Trotter, Chairman Mr L.J. Morrell OBE Ms K. Williams Mr A. Colgan, Mr P. Donaldson, Mrs S. Evason, Dr H.I. Gracey, Mr I. Martin, Mr B. Mulholland, Mr J.B. McGahan, Mrs B. O'Hagan, Mrs E. Schierbeck, Mr T. Topping, Mr C. Tweed (Jun)

BBC Guide 27 5 Councils and Committees continued

Radio Humberside BBC Hereford & Worcester Chairman Dr J. Gosnold Chairwoman Mrs A. Turner Mr M. Baldwin, Mrs E. Bonner, Mrs G. Brant, Ms G. Alderton, Mrs M. Boyce, Mrs M. Campbell, Mrs C. Cammack, Mrs S. Cooke, Mr P. Cudbertson, Mr D. Davidson, Mr P. Deneen, Mr J. Ellerby, Mr R. Jones, Mr R. Kirk, Mr B. Nettleton, Mr A. Jancey, Mr J. Lawes, Mrs B. Lebbon, Mrs D. Nutbrown, Mr J. Philip, Miss S. Regan, Miss S. Matthews, Mr J. Mayall, Mr G. Mealand, Mr H. Sprinz, Mrs J. Watson Mr A. Morris, Mrs B. Price, Mr M. Watkins, Radio Leeds Mrs I. Wilton Acting Chairman Mr P. Edmondson Radio Leicester Miss L. Auty, Insp V. Clegg, Mrs V. Curtis, Mr G. Gooch, Chairman Mr J. Peacock Ms E. Harrison, Mr M. Pickersgill, Mr J. Piercey, Ms V. Arscott, Mrs C. Brock, Mrs J. Carswell, Mr D. Schulman, Mr M. Singh, Ms T. Thomas, Mrs M. Cruickshank, Mr D. Davies, Mrs S. Elliott, Mrs J. Walter, Mr R. Willoughby Mrs J. Gill, Mrs L. Green, Mr H. Harbottle, Mr G. Parmar, Radio Newcastle Mr E. Robinson, Mrs K. Thompson, Mr M. Walls Chairwoman Miss J. Draycott Radio Lincolnshire Ms S. Bashey, Mrs J. Coulson, Ms C. Kerr, Dr R.C.Y. Ng, Chairman Mr K. Grainger Mr I. Parker, Mrs J. Powell, Miss C. Prendergast, Mr G. Blades, Mrs A. Ching, Mrs S. Coupland, Mrs K. Ramsey, Mrs C. Shaw, Mr T. Stevens, Mr J. Farley, Mr T. Hoggart, Mrs M. Lacy, Rev R. Reiss, Mr P.R. Sword Mr C.R. Rennie, Mrs J. Westgarth, Mrs M. Williams Radio Sheffield Radio Nottingham Chairman Mr F. Davis Chairman Dr R. Jones Mrs V. Barraclough, Ms J. Bell, Mrs D. Dixon -Barrow, Mr M. Adlington, Mrs B. Brady, Mr D. Brown, Mrs I.Edwards, Mr R. Glentworth, Mrs E. Hall, Mr R. Cantrill, Mrs M. Dolby, Mr M. Hammond, Mr J. Harman, Mr P. Jones, Mrs J. Kendall, Mr S. Khan, Mr T. Holmes, Mrs L. Redgate, Mrs K. Smith, Mr D. Melloy, Mrs H. Smith, Mr P. Stafford, Miss S. Taylor, Mrs E. Teanby, Miss M. Unwin Mr N. Wilson, Mr G. Yapp Radio Shropshire Radio York Chairman Mr M. Gwynne Chairman Mr F. Paterson Mrs A. Aspinal, Mr J. Battye, Mrs P. Bennett, Mrs J. Brown, Mr W. Chaplin, Mr R. Parkinson, Mr W. Davies, Mr R. Ellison, Mr L. Jones, Mrs L. Leonard, Mrs J. Sanderson, Rev S. Stanley, Mrs J. Taylor, Mr G. Parkin, Mrs S. Trotman, Mr J. Williams Mr N. Taylor. Radio Stoke In April 1990 the North East and North West Regions were Chairwoman Mrs H. Robinson re- organised into one region, to be known as the North. One Mrs J. Azam, Cllr J. Birkin, Mr D. Brooks, Mr R. Evenson, Regional Advisory Council is being established to reflect the Mrs J. Furnival, Mr A. Goodson, Mr S. Hulstone, new regional management structure. The Chairwoman will be Mr P. Kelly, Mrs G. Pearson, Mr L. Scott, Mr G. Slater, Mrs S. Burslem; the Vice -chairwoman will be Miss D. Blenkinsop. Mr I. White, Cllr L. Wood JP All enquiries to Chief Assistant to Head of Broadcasting North, Radio WM BBC, New Broadcasting House, PO Box 27, Oxford Road, Chairwoman Mrs S. Sharif Manchester M60 1 SJ. Mr R. Barnes, Mr P. Bateman, Mrs J. Bradbury, Mrs K. Deu, Mr M. Dickins, Mr M. Hassan, MIDLANDS Mr M. Jones, Mr M. Kennedy, Mr W. Perry, Mrs I. Smith, Regional Advisory Council Ms B. Willis -Brown Chairman Mr K. Baddiley OBE Contact: Mr P. Allen, Mrs J. Blaney, Mrs A. Brown, Mr J. Dempsey, Manager, Press and Public BBC, Mr K. Grainger, Mr M.T. Gwynne, Lt Col J. Hetherington, Relations, Broadcasting Dr R.C.F. Jones, Mrs U. Khosla, Mrs M. Monahan, Centre, Pebble Mill Road, Birmingham Bs 7SA Mr J. Peacock, Mrs J. Reynolds, Mrs H. Robinson, SOUTH & WEST Mrs S. Sharif, Mr S. Sharma, Mr E. Smith, Mr J.R. Tarr, Mrs A. Turner, Mr G. Williams Regional Advisory Council BBC CWR Chairman Prof E.C. Wragg Chairman Mr R.J. Tarr Dr A.V. Antonovics, Mr P. Bryans, Mr A. Gibson, Mr A. OBE, Miss Mr B. Bradford, Mrs S. Bruce, Miss A. Craig, Gale H. Abley, Mrs V. Rayner, Mrs A. S. Mrs B. Farndon, Mrs C. Fell, Mr N.C. Hunter, Powell, Mr Weller, Mr G. Jones, Mr E. Hounslow, Mrs A. S. Mr A. Layton, Mr P. Lloyd, Mrs S. Minwala, Simpson, Mrs Emery-Wallis, F. Mr S. Wright Mr Watson, Mr E. Scott OBE, Ms S. Gabriel, Radio Derby Dr B. Sandhu, Mr I. Barclay, Mrs S. Wakelin, Mr J.Le Fondre, Mr R.F.P. Arnold Chairman Lt Col J. Hetherington Radio Bristol Mr P. Bestwick, Rev Ron Dale, Mrs A. Gregory, A. Gale OBE Mr D. Hale, Mr S.S. Moar, Canon R. Orchard, Chairman Mr Mrs N.R. Veitch, Mrs C. Vaughan, Mr I. Mr T. Roberts, Mrs J. Shimwell, Mrs R. South, Rogers, Mrs J. Thomas Mrs B. Roberts, Ms T. Mohiuddin, Dr R. Matthews, Mr O.S. Lynch, Mrs A. Ellis, Mrs J. Aland, Mrs B. Langdon, Mr B. Norris, Mrs V. Letham, Mr M. Sparrow

28 BBC Guide Councils and Committees continued 5

Radio Gloucestershire BBC Essex Chairman Mr G. Jones Chairman Mr V. Vant Mr C. Brown, Mr A. Cross, Mr N. Ebdon, Mr J. Gazzard, Mrs R. Teverson, Mrs C. Smith, Mr A. Nichols, Miss M. Headen, Dr J. Hunter, Mr T. Jones, Mr J. Littler, Mr D.J. Barker, Mr L. Reynolds MBE, Mr A. Hall, Dr G.C. Mathers, Mr M. Pountney, Mr A. Pugh Mrs M. Cowie, Mr T. Birdseye, Mr A. Kendrick, Wiltshire Sound Mrs S. Packard, Mr S.R. Murray Chairwoman Mrs A. Powell Radio Kent Mr F. Lockyer, Mrs S. Maconie, Mr K. Paton, Chairman Mr M. Collier Mr A. Edwards, Mr R. Hendry, Mrs J. Farthing, Mr M. Mahoney, Mr P. Amos, Mrs W. Chalklen, Mr R. Pattenden, Canon W. Andrew, Mr J. Wood, Canon A. Dawkins, Mr M. Relf, Mrs J. Stribbling, Mr H. Dimmock, Mr V. Archard, Mrs C. Drew Ms D. Coller, Mrs R. Shelley, Mr G. Davis, Mrs G. Knight, Radio Solent Mrs M. Manby, Mrs S. Mead, Mr C. Nelson Chairwoman Mrs S. Emery -Wallis GLR Mrs L. Ashman, Mrs J. Brodrick, Miss A. John, Chairman Mr N. Wapshott Mr D. James, Mr M. Millen, Mr J. Mullins, Mr S. Rye, Mrs B. Tay, Mr I. Harrington JP, Mr J. Brill, Ms D. Keane, Mr S. Soames, Mr G. Weech, Mrs M. Marshall, Mr C. Small, Mr G. Crooks Mr B. Harris, Mr D. Elliott Radio Norfolk Radio Devon Chairman Lord Walpole Chairman Mr F. Watson Group Capt Hoare AFC, Mrs S. Binnington, Mrs S. Richardson, Mrs A. Broom, Mr E. Nightingale, Mrs P.M. Maitland, Mrs S. Teedy- Smith, Mrs V. Bensley, Mr D. Williams, Mrs H. Mabon, Mrs J. Bailey, Mrs E. Stephenson, Mrs B. Barton, Mrs S. Revell, Mr W. Tanton, Mrs A. Pearson, Mr K. Dixon, Mrs T. Paines, Mrs I. MacDonald, Mr P. Nicholls, Mr G. Burgess QPM, Mrs A.Van Oppen Mr L. Addison, Mrs D. Braithwaite, Mr C. Burleigh, Radio Cornwall Mrs K. Currie Chairman Mr P.A. Weller Radio Northampton Mrs H. Shelley, Miss G. Savage, Rev J. Slee, Mr P. Ames, Chairman Mr R.L. Pestell Mrs D. Woolcock, Mr C. Chapman, Mrs D. Nelson, Mr R. Stubbs, Mrs A. Atkins, Ms M. Hamilton, Mr J. James, Mr J. Noble, Mr C. Robins, Mr R. Preedy OBE Mr L. Berruto, Mr J. Savani, Miss C.A. Bailey, Radio Jersey Mr J.B. Richards, Rev D. Cowan, Mrs E.M. Dicks, Chairman Mr J.Le Fondre Mr Jaymin Patell, Ms L. Coleman, Mr F. Smith, Jurat A. Vibert, Mrs S. Hart, Mr M.Le Brocq, Mr E. Whiteman, Mr R. Kensott, Mr J. Joyce, Ms J. Rowlands, Mr G.Le Feuvre, Mr N. Martin, Mrs A. Waring, Mr C. Wheatcroft Mr D. Pyper Radio Oxford Radio Guernsey Chairwoman Mrs J. Worswick Chairman Mr R.F.P. Arnold Mrs C. Parsons, Mr W. Smith, Mrs P. Goddard, Mr G. Ushaw, Mrs B. Hampton, Mrs D. Langlois, Mr R. Powell, Mrs B. Caporn, Ms C.A. Turley, Mrs J. Newnham, Mr R. Bougourd, Mrs J. Walden, Mrs M. Ironside, Mrs M. Lawley, Dr P.J. Teddy, Mrs C.S. Ellams, Mrs L.Le Maitre, Mr R.J. Hardwick, Mrs E. Charlier Mr R. Hudson, Mr B. Smith, Mr M. Oxdale, Mr N. Cambert, Contact: Mrs J. Feeney, Mrs M. Rogers Manager, Press and Public Radio Sussex Relations, BBC, Broadcasting Chairman Mr C. Spiller House, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BSS 2LR Mrs A. Walby, Mr R. Pye, Mr W. Burnett, Mr E. Shopland, Mr A.R. Moore, Mr A.E. Barnett, E.K. Eckersley, SOUTH & EAST Mr Regional Advisory Council Mrs P. Plummer, Mr P.J. Savage, Mr G. Chambers, Mrs J. Clarke, Mr D. Starkey, Mr T. Cable, Mrs S. Allen, Chairman Mr B. Little Mrs S. Crighton Lady Margaret McCarthy, Mr A. Perugi, Lady Valerie Solti, Mrs A. Styles, Mr J. Fearn, Mrs M. Fry, Mr J. Samuel, Contact: Mr R. Pestell, Mr V. Vant, Mr P. Roddis, Manager, Press and Public Relations, BBC, Elstree Centre, Lord Robin Walpole, Mr C. Spiller, Mrs J. Kitchin, Clarendon Road, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 IJF Mr N. Wapshott, Mrs J. Worswick, Mr B. Kandola Radio Bedfordshire Chairwoman Mrs J. Kitchin Mr D. Green, Mrs C.A. Szabo, Mr S. Filby, Mrs J. Harrison, Mr R. Perrone, Mr M. Khan, Mrs B. Carpenter, Mr E. Forrester, Mr S. Parkinson Radio Cambridgeshire Chairman Mr P. Roddis Mr D. Kent je, Miss H. Crowe, Mrs V. Leake, Mr D.P.R. Smith, Mr R. Joshi, Mr T. Gibson, Mr M.N. Firth, Mrs M. Huggins, Mr J. Stagg, Mr E. Clark, Mr S. Forrester, Mr A. Rowe

BBC Guide 29 6 Regions and Addresses

BBC CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS AND BBC RADIO Broadcasting House, London WIA IAA Telephone 071 580 4468 Cables Broadcasts, London Telex 265781 BBC HQ G

0 BBC TELEVISION Television Centre, Wood Lane, London W I2 7RJ Telephone 081 743 8000 Cables Telecasts, London Telex 265781 BBC HQ G

BBC WORLD SERVICE PO Box 76, Bush House, Strand, London WC2B 4PH Telephone 071 240 3456 Cables Broadbrit, London Telex 265781 BBC HQ G BBC Monitoring, Caversham Park, Reading, Berkshire RG4 8TZ Telephone 0734 472742

OPEN UNIVERSITY PRODUCTION CENTRE Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6BH BBC NORTHERN IRELAND Telephone 0908 274033 Ae Telex 826485 BBC OUP G BBC ENTERPRISES Woodlands, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 OTT Telephone 081 743 5588/081 576 2000 Cables Telecentre, London Telex 934678/265781 BBC ENT G BBC Magazines, 35 Marylebone High Street, London W I M 4AA Telephone 071 580 5577

BBC SOUTH & EAST BBC MIDLANDS O

Regional HQ Regional Television National Regional Radio Local Radio

_ Proposed new Local Radio Station

Note: This map shows the stations as at 31 March 1990 in each region. It does not everywhere reflect editorial boundaries or broadcast coverage, especially in television. D 0

30 BBC Guide BBC Scotland 6

Shetland National Headquarters Broadcasting House, Queen Margaret Drive, Glasgow G12 8DG Telephone 041 330 2345 Broadcasting House, 5 Queen Street, a Edinburgh EH2 13F Telephone 031 243 1200

INVERNESS Broadcasting House, Beechgrove Terrace, Aberdeen AB9 ZZT ABERDEEN Telephone 0224 625233 Orkney BBC SCOTLAND 5th Floor, 66 The Nethergate, Dundee DD14ER dp Telephone 0382 202481 Q Community and area stations C BBC Highland, 7 Culduthel Road, Inverness l V s 4AD Telephone 0463 221711 EDINBURGH Radio nan Gaidheal Rosebank, Church Street, Tweed Stornoway PA87 2LS Telephone 0851 5000 Radio nan Gaidheal, Solway Clydesdale Bank Buildings, Portree, Skye IV519EH Telephone 0478 2005 Regional Television Play On One; the successful comedy BBC Orkney, Castle Street, BBC Scotland produces around 600 series Naked Video and City Lights; Kirkwall, Orkney KW 1510F Telephone hours of opt -out programmes each Saturday Night Clyde, The Garden Party 0856 3939 year. Reporting Scotland, the nightly and Catchword. BBC Scotland produces BBC Shetland, Brentham House, news magazine provides complete around 250 hours of network Lerwick, Shetland ZE1 OLR Telephone 0595 4747 coverage of Scottish affairs and is television programmes each year. Scotland's only national television BBC Solway, Elmbank, Radio Scotland Lovers' Walk, Dumfries DG11NZ news service. Other news and current BBC Radio Scotland is Scotland's only Telephone 0387 68008 affairs programmes include Left, Right national radio network. As well as its BBC Tweed, Municipal Buildings, and Centre and Focal Point. studios at Broadcasting House in High Street, Selkirk TD7 4BU BBC Scotland also provides Telephone 0750 21884 Glasgow, Radio Scotland has a television coverage of party political network of studios and contribution conferences in Scotland, the Scottish points covering the whole of the Trades Union Congress and the country from Shetland to Solway. Church of Scotland General Controller BBC Scotland Radio Scotland provides a wide and Assembly. varied range of programming including Patrick Chalmers Television programmes for Scottish, national and international Scotland include series such as current affairs, music, drama and Sportscene, Superscot, Testimony, Excess, documentaries. High Spirits and The Beechgrove Garden. Radio nan Gaidheal, the Gaelic BBC Scotland also produces a number language service, broadcasts 1,400 of programmes in Gaelic, including hours of programmes each year. Dotoman and Brag. Network Radio Network Television Radio Scotland provides a range of Programmes produced for the programmes for the networks networks by BBC Scotland include including music, drama, drama series such as The Justice Game documentaries and features. and a series of single plays for BBC1 -

BBC Guide 31 6 BBC Wales

National Headquarters Community stations Broadcasting House, Llantrisant Road, Radio Clwyd, The Old School House, BANGOR Radio Clwyd Llandaff, Cardiff CF5 2YQ Glanrafon Road, Mold, Telephone 0222 572888 Clwyd CH7 IPA Broadcasting House, Meirion Road, Telephone 0352 59111 Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2BY Radio Gwent, Powys House, Telephone 0248 370880 Cwmbran, Gwent NP44 IYF Telephone 06333 872727 32 Alexandra Road, Swansea SAI 5DZ Telephone 0792 654986 BBC WALES

Controller BBC Wales SWANSEA Radio Gwent Geraint Talfan Davies CARDIFF J

Cardiff is the centre of the biggest Network Television Music broadcasting operation outside Television network productions from The BBC Welsh Symphony Orchestra London. Total number of staff is BBC Wales in 1989 included Heartland has an international reputation and around 1,300 with just over another and Unexplained Laughter for Play on recently undertook tours of the USSR 100 employed at the other centres in One and 1996 for the Screen One slot. and Spain. Within the last couple of Wales - Bangor, Mold, Swansea and years it has also toured both East and Regional Radio Cwmbran. West Germany as well as performing, The two radio services, Radio Cymru with the BBC Welsh Chorus, in Regional Television in Welsh and Radio Wales in English Finland and Amsterdam. BBC Wales produces around 18 hours each produce 80 hours of programmes BBC Wales music, however, a week of television programmes. a week both running a continuous extends beyond the orchestra. The Wales Today provides the nightly news dawn to dusk service with Radio Cardiff Singer of the World competition on BBC Wales with Week In Week Out Cymru having late night programmes is held every other year at St David's providing current affairs support. On for young people. In addition, listeners Hall, Cardiff -the last having been held Fridays BBC Wales also has its weekly in Clwyd and Gwent are able to receive in 1989. programme from Parliament, Wales 13 hours a week of locally originated in Westminster. Features and programmes provided by Radio Clwyd documentaries with a Welsh flavour and Radio Gwent. are catered for in Between Ourselves and Network Radio Sport in Wales on Saturday and Time BBC Wales makes an increasing for Sport. contribution to Radios 1, 2, 3 and 4 Ten of the weekly total of 18 hours including drama, music and religious of programmes are made for S4C, programmes and such features as the making BBC Wales the biggest series Out of Order and T Junction for provider of programmes for the Welsh Radio 4. language channel. One of the BBC Wales's plays for S4C, Lliwiau, won the Fiction and Drama prize at the Celtic Film Festival in 1989. Pobol y Cwm, the first daily British drama serial which is recorded on the day of transmission, is by far the most popular programme on S4C. BBC Wales also provides the entire S4C news service and parliamentary coverage.

32 BBC Guide BBC Northern Ireland 6

National Headquarters Broadcasting House, Ormeau Avenue, Belfast BT2 8HQ

Radio Foyle Telephone 0232 244400 BBC NORTHERN IRELAND Community station BELFAST. Radio Foyle, 8 Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7NE Telephone 0504 262244/5/6

Controller BBC Northern Ireland Rev Dr Colin Morris

In addition to BBC Northern Ireland Regional Radio and BBC Radio Ulster Headquarters BBC Radio Ulster generates around 90 in Belfast, and BBC Foyle based in hours per week, providing a complete Londonderry, there are local studios news, current affairs, music and in Newry, Coleraine, Enniskillen, magazine service for Northern Ireland Omagh and Armagh. and now featuring an early afternoon Regional Television strand of programmes dealing with community, family health and Output includes Inside Ulster, the disability issues. nightly news magazine and Spotlight, Radio Foyle is the local radio opt - the weekly current affairs programme. out station servicing the Londonderry Other regional output includes The area, broadcasting for about 30 hours Show - live from the Joker Club, a late per week. Radio Foyle is home to the night mixture of the irreverent and the Irish Language Unit which also radical; A Taste of Ireland, Tomorrow's broadcasts on Radio Ulster. Farm, Study Ireland, Ulster in Focus, Working Holidays and the television Network Radio arts programme 29 Bedford Street. BBC Radio Ulster contributes to network radio Network Television throughout the year with both plays and live and recorded BBC2 output has included a second concerts and recitals for Radio 2 and series of A -Z of Belief for Def II. Three Radio 3 -a total of 58 music films from BBC Northern Ireland were programmes in 1989. For Radio 4 there also shown in the BBC2 Screenplay are regular contributions to Morning series - Chinese Whispers, The Hen Story and A Book at Bedtime. During House and Beyond the Pale. 1989, 28 locally produced plays were broadcast on Radios 3 and 4.

BBC Guide 33 6 BBC North

Regional Headquarters New Broadcasting House, Oxford Road, Manchester Mho ISJ Telephone 061 200 2020 BBC Television (Leeds), Broadcasting Centre, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9PX NEWCASTLE _ Radio Newcastle Telephone 0532 441188 Radio Cumbria BBC Television (Newcastle), Broadcasting Centre, Barrack Road, Radio Cleveland Newcastle upon Tyne NE99 2NE (Furness) Telephone 091 232 1313 VII.'v BBC NORTH Radio Cleveland, PO Box 1548, Radio York Radio Lancashire Broadcasting House, Newport Road, LEEDS C Middlesbrough, Cleveland TSI 5DG Radio Leeds RadioHumberside Telephone 0642 225211 Radio Merseyside MANCHESTER GMR Radio Cumbria, Hilltop Heights, Radio Sheffield London Road, Carlisle, Cumbria CAI 2NA Telephone 0228 31661 Radio Furness, Broadcasting House, Hartington Street, Barrow -in- Furness, Cumbria LA I4 5FH Telephone 0229 36767 A local radio service opting out of Radio Cumbria Regional Television Local Radio Radio Humberside, news Local radio across the region's 10 Output includes three nightly 63 Jameson Street, Hull HUI 3NU programmes: Look North from stations totals over 65,000 hours a year, Telephone 0482 23232 Newcastle, Look North from Leeds and including shared evening programmes Radio Lancashire, North West Tonight from Manchester, east and west of the Pennines. 20 -26 Darwen Street, Blackburn, all on BBC1; two weekly parliamentary Lancashire BB2 2EA Network Radio programmes on BBC2 on Sundays - Telephone 0254 62411 Network radio generates over 1,700 North of Westminster (Leeds /Newcastle) Radio Leeds, Broadcasting House, hours a year to all four national and Northwestminster (Manchester); Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9PN networks, including some programmes Telephone 0532 442131 and regional opt-out programmes on from Leeds and Newcastle. Series Friday nights on BBC2 from all three GMR (Greater Manchester Radio), include BBC Radio's current affairs PO Box 90, New Broadcasting House, centres. flagship File on Four, Gardeners' Oxford Road, Manchester M60 ISJ Telephone 061 200 2020 Network Television Question Time, The Local Network and Output from Manchester totals a wide range of features, drama, sport Radio Merseyside, 55 Paradise Street, Liverpool LI 3BP 600 plus occasional and religious programmes. Popular around hours, Telephone 051 708 5500 programmes from Leeds and music and light entertainment include Entertains, Radio Newcastle, Newcastle. BBC1 series include Open Pop of the Form, The Organist Broadcasting Centre, Barrack Road, Air, A Question of Sport, Gardeners' Listen to the Band and Martin Kelner. Newcastle upon Tyne NE99 IRN Direct Line (Leeds) and children's Telephone 091 232 4141 Music shows such as Move It, Roland Rat, and The BBC Philharmonic Orchestra is Radio Sheffield, Ashdell Grove, Chucklevision. BBC2 programmes 60 Westboume Road, Sheffield sio 2QU based in Manchester under principal include The Travel Show, The Travel Telephone 0742 686185 conductor Edward Downes. Show Guides, Reportage and Rough Radio York, 20 Bootham Row, Guides to Europe /The World. York YO3 7BR Telephone 0904 641351 Independent productions include Red Dwarf, Eminent Victorians, That's Showbusiness and Byker Grove (Newcastle). Head of Broadcasting BBC North John Shearer

34 1 BBC Guide BBC Midlands 6

Regional Headquarters BBC CWR, 25 Warwick Road, Broadcasting Centre, Pebble Mill, Coventry CV 12WR Lincc$nshire B5 7QQ Radio Stoke,-Radio Birmingham Telephone 0203 559911 Telephone 021 414 8888 NOTTINGHAM Radio Derby, PO Box 269, 'Radio Nottingham Radio Derby East Midlands Broadcasting Centre, 56 St. Helen's Street, Derby, DEI 3HL Radio Shropshire Radio Leicester/ York House, Mansfield Road, Telephone 0332 361111 .' Nottingham NGI 3JB BBC / BBC Hereford & Worcester, BIRMINGHAM CWR Telephone 0602 472395 Radio WM Hylton Road, Worcester W R2 5 W W Telephone 0905 748485 BBC Hereford & Worcester 43 Broad Street, Hereford HR491-IH BBC MIDLANDS Telephone 0432 355252 Radio Leicester, Epic House, Charles Street, Leicester LEI 3SH Telephone 0533 516688 Regional Television Local Radio Radio Lincolnshire, PO Box 219, Output from Pebble Mill and East BBC in the Midlands has completed its Radion Buildings, Newport, Lincoln LN1 3XY Midlands Broadcasting Centre, local radio network across the region Telephone 0522 511411 Nottingham includes the nightly with the opening of BBC CWR, serving Radio Nottingham, PO Box 222, Midlands Today news programme, as Coventry and Warwickshire, bringing York House, Mansfield Road, well as the Friday BBC2 opt -outs which the total number of stations to nine. Nottingham NGI 3HZ include Crimewatch Midlands and Local radio in the region broadcasts a Telephone 0602 415161 series such as Biking Butler, Birmingham total of more then 52,000 hours a year. Radio Shropshire, PO Box 397, and The Balloon. On Sundays, Midlands 2 -4 Boscobel Drive, Shrewsbury, Network Radio at Westminster goes out live. Independent Shropshire sYI 3TT Output for the networks includes Folk Telephone 0743 248484 productions have included The Twins on Two, The Sunday Show and Charlie and Rubbish. Radio Stoke, Conway House, Chester for Radio 2; Thursday Cheapside, Hanley, Network Television lunchtime and Friday evening Stoke -on -Trent Sr1 1J] Telephone 0782 208080 BBC1 output includes Daytime Live, concerts from Pebble Mill, as well as Country File, The Clothes Show and Telly orchestral and chamber music for Radio WM, PO Box 206, Broadcasting Centre, Pebble Mill Road, Addicts. Radio 3; The Archers, Fanning Today, Birmingham B5 7SD Output on BBC2 includes On Your Farm, Enterprise, A Book at Telephone 021 414 8484 Gardeners' World, Chelsea Show Bedtime, Morning Story, drama (The coverage, First Time Planting, Top Gear, Brothers Karamazov, Pillars of Society) Lombard RAC Rally, East, Ebony, and a wide range of documentaries for Gardens by Design and Black Britain. Radio 4. Head of Broadcasting BBC Midlands Drama output on BBC1 and BBC2 David Waine last year included Nice Work, First and Last, The Man from the Pru, Shalom Salaam, Vote For Them, and A Master of the Marionettes. Independent contributions to Daytime Live have included Drive for Life, and The Macdonalds Child of Achievement Awards, and to network television, Star Gala and Paddles Up.

BBC Guide 35 6 BBC South & West

Regional Headquarters Gloucestershire BBC Bristol and BBC West, BBC Wiltshire Sound Broadcasting House, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2LR BRISTOLY Telephone 0272 732211 Radio Bristol BBC South, South Western House, BBC SOUTH & WEST SOUTHAMPTON Canute Road, Southampton SO9 IPF Radio Solent Telephone 0703 226201 Radio Dorset Radio Devon BBC South West, Broadcasting House, Seymour Road, Mannamead, Plymouth PL3 5BD 'PLYMOUTH Telephone 0752 229201 Radio Cornwall _Radio Guernsey Radio Bristol, 3 Tyndalls Park Road, Bristol BS81PP Radio Jersey Q Telephone 0272 741111 Somerset Sound, 14-15 Paul Street, Taunton TAl 3PF Telephone 0823 252437. A local radio service, opting out of Radio Bristol Radio Cornwall, Phoenix Wharf, times. Bristol's Television Features Regional Television Truro, Cornwall TRI 1UA South & West's three regional Department produces the enormously Telephone 0872 75421 television stations, BBC West, based successful Antiques Roadshow and Radio Devon, PO Box 100, St Davids, in Bristol, BBC South, in Southampton, Whicker's World. It also has an Exeter, Devon EX4 4DB and BBC South West, in Plymouth, impressive record in documentaries Telephone 0392 215651 produce some 750 hours of television whether observational, like Police, or Radio Gloucestershire, London Road, each year including the nightly news more personal like the Byline series. Gloucester GLI 1SW magazines Points West, South Today, Special features such as the Victorian Telephone 0452 308585 and Spotlight and the Friday night Kitchen have proved popular. Radio Guernsey, Commerce House, opt -out programmes. The parliamentary Les Banques, St Peter Port, Local Radio Guernsey, Channel Islands programme Westminster South & West The region's eight local radio stations, Telephone 0481 28977 covers the whole region. Radio Bristol, with its sister service Radio Jersey, Broadcasting House, Network Television Somerset Sound, Radio Gloucestershire, Rouge Bouillon, St Helier, Channel Islands The network production centre BBC Wiltshire Sound and Radios Jersey, Telephone 0534 70000 in Bristol is the home of the world - Solent, Devon, Cornwall, Jersey and Solent, South Western House, famous BBC Natural History Unit. Guernsey, produce more than 55,000 Radio Canute Road, Southampton SG94PJ Regular series include Wildlife on One hours of broadcasting every year. BBC Telephone 0703 631311 and The Radio Dorset, which is still to be with Sir David Attenborough BBC Wiltshire Sound, Natural World on BBC2. In addition launched, will complete the chain of Broadcasting House, there are special series like the BBC Local Radio stations. 56 -58 Prospect Place, innovative Supersense and Land of the Swindon SNI 3RW Network Radio Telephone 0793 512715 which gave the first Eagle, Network Radio from Bristol adds up comprehensive account of the natural to more than 850 new programmes history of North America, plus special each year. These include familiar outside broadcasts such as the live favourites Any Questions? and Down nature watches. On BBC2, the Head of Broadcasting Your Way, plus relative newcomers environmental series Nature, presented BBC South & West such as Punters and Age to Age. There by Michael Buerk, maintains a watchful John Prescott Thomas is also an impressive list of drama and on the world around us. The eye music credits. children's programme, The Really Wild Show, has won a BAFTA award three

36 BBC Guide BBC South & East 6

Regional Headquarters Radio Bedfordshire, Hastings Street, BBC South & East, Elstree Centre, Luton, Bedfordshire Lui 513A Clarendon Road, Borehamwood, Telephone 0582 459111 NORWICH Hertfordshire WD6 1JF Telephone 081 953 6100 Radio Cambridgeshire, Radio Norfolk Broadcasting House, 104 Hills Road, BBC SOUTH & EAST Radio Northampton BBC East, St Catherine's Close, Cambridge CB2 ILD o Radio Cambridgeshire All Saints Green, Norwich NR1 3ND Telephone 0223 315970 Telephone 0603 619331 Radio Suffolk BBC Essex, 198 New London Road, Radio Bedfordshire Chelmsford, Essex CM2 9AB

Radio Oxford Cl BBC Essex Telephone 0245 262393 ELSTREE Radio Kent, Sun Pier, Chatham, GLR / Kent ME4 4EZ O Radio Kent Telephone Surrey 0634 830505 & Berkshire GLR (Greater London Radio), 35a Marylebone High Street, Radio Sussex London WIA 4LG Telephone 071 224 2424 Radio Norfolk, Norfolk Tower, Surrey Street, Norwich NR1 Regional Television Local Radio 0603 617411 Output includes weekday evening South and East's 10 local radio stations Radio Northampton, Abington Street, news and current affairs magazines generate 60,000 hours per year. The Northampton NNI 2BE such as Newsroom South East from latest station, BBC Radio Suffolk, began Telephone 0604 239100 Elstree and Look East from Norwich, broadcasting in April 1990. A station Radio Oxford, 269 Banbury Road, Saturday news and sports bulletins covering Surrey (Guildford) and Summertown, Oxford 0x2 7DW from each centre, as well as Friday Berkshire (Reading) is due on air in Telephone 0865 311444 evening regional programmes on the next 12 months. Radio Suffolk, Broadcasting House, BBC2. Around Westminster is produced St. Matthew's Street, Ipswich, Network Radio from Elstree at lunchtime on Sunday Suffolk IPI 3EP South and East has a newly formed Telephone 0473 250000 for the whole region. network radio unit which produces Radio Sussex, Marlborough Place, Network Television material commissioned for Radios 2 Brighton, East Sussex BNl 1TU BBC 1: 60 hours a year including Going and 4. Radio 2: A Life of Song and Roy's Telephone 0273 680231 for Gold, Mastermind, Four Square, Recipes. Radio 4: Words from the Front Behind the Myth - Hirohito, Everyman - Line, My Dear Jamal, Lureland Waltz, `Pedro and Blanca ... Going Home'. Freddie Mills - Last Shot. BBC2: 83 hours including Timewatch, Head of Broadcasting Chronicle, Building Sights, Under the BBC South & East Sun, Armada, Power Behind the Throne, Ian Kennedy French Revolution, Great Journeys, Different Drummer, Healey: The Man Who Did the Dirty Work, Gift of the Gab, Night of the Long Knives, The Last African Flying Boat, Red Dynasty, Uncertainties, The Midas Touch, One Day, A Year in the Life ... 20 Years On.

BBC Guide 37 !Nnalysis of Income

COMPARISON OF UK WITH OTHER EUROPEAN COLOUR TV LICENCE FEES

Netherlands t 55

France 59

Italy "t 59

Ireland ' 61

United Kingdom 66

Switzerland " t 75 GROWTH IN LICENCE VOLUMES West Germany 't 84 Numbers of licences at 31 March each year Norway 104

Finland 108

Belgium 't 109

Sweden 117

Austria t 126

Denmark t 138 8

6 Figures in pounds sterling as at I January 1990 z 4 * Licence fee income supplemented by advertising t Separate radio licence 2

Year: 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Turnover 180 in Cm

BBC ENTERPRISES: 160 TURNOVER AND PROFIT GROWTH In addition to Enterprises turnover,

140 co- production finance generated for BBC programmes rose to £30m in 1989 /90, taking total earnings to 120 Profit over £210m in Lm 16

100 Turnover

12 80

Trading profits

60 8 -

40

20

ti I ¡ (/ (/ f/ f/ f/ f/ 79/80 80/81 81/82 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 86/87 87/88 88/89 89/90

38 BBC Guide Analysis of Expenditure 7

HOW THE LICENCE INCOME WAS SPENT IN 1989/90

Network Radio Costs and costs per hour of Lm Transmission transmitted programmes and distribution 41.2

Licence fee collection 65.3 Cost, Cost hour Re- equipment 1051 Lm 0000 etworks 190.7 iii".. Radio 1 27.9 3.6 Regional Broadcasting 206.3

Radio 2 49.9 5.5 BBC2 237.7

457.8 Radio 3 46.8 7.0

Net other income (29.4) Radio 4 66 I 8.7

Deficit for year (37.9) 1907 6I I,236a

NETWORK TELEVISION COSTS PER HOUR Direct costs of produced and purchased programmes

Cost' hour L000

Sport 32

Purchased programmes 37

Parliamentary broadcasting 40

News and daily news related programmes 48

Religion 71

Children's programmes 74

Features, documentaries and current affairs 82

Music 89

Continuing education 113

School broadcasting 130

Light entertainment 135

Drama 426

79

BBC Guide 139 8 Analysis of Output

TELEVISION NETWORKS ANALYSIS OF TRANSMITTEDOUTPUT 1989/90 WORLD SERVICE OUTPUT Weekly hours of language transmissions BBC! BBC2 Total Hours Hours Hours English (world -wide) 2041 Features, documentaries and BBC English (language lessons) 681 current affairs 1,014 1,384 2,398 19.3 Services to West & South Europe: Sport 494 761 1,255 10.1 French (Europe) 121 Light entertainment 596 225 821 6.6 German 21 Children's programmes 504 73 577 4.6 Portuguese (Europe & Africa) 121 School broadcasting 556 556 4.5 - Bulgarian 121 Drama 298 121 419 3.4 Greek 101 Continuing education 150 103 253 2.0 Romanian 171 Religion 131 36 167 1.3 Serbo -Croat 101 Music 4 55 59 0.5 Slovene 51 Weather 73 27 100 0.8 Turkish 12 3,264 3,341 6,605 53.1 Services to East & Central Europe: News and daily news related programmes 956 268 1,224 9.8 Finnish 81 Czech /Slovak 21 Parliamentary broadcasting 121 121 1.0 Hungarian 171 Purchased programmes: Polish 261 Feature films and series 1,493 1,184 2,677 21.6 Russian 46 Children's series and cartoons 231 61 292 2.4 Services to Africa: Overseas sport 168 81 249 2.0 French (Africa) 22+ Continuity 225 182 407 3.3 Hausa 81 Open University 128 713 841 6.8 Somali 7 81 6,465 5,951 12,416 100.0 Swahili Arabic Service 63 Services to South Asia: RADIO NETWORKS ANALYSIS OF TRANSMITTED OUTPUT 1989/90 Bengali 91 Burmese 71 Radio 1 Radio 2 Radio 3 Radio 4 Total Hindi 14 Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours % Nepali 1+ Features, documentaries and Pashto 1 17.2 current affairs 200 586 579 4,018 5,383 Persian 1221 Sport 767 383 45 1,195 3.8 Sinhala I Light entertainment 49 316 5 324 694 2.2 Tamil 3 Children's programmes - - 22 22 0.1 Urdu 10 School broadcasting 484 484 1.5 to the Far East: Drama 6 169 842 1,017 3.2 Services 21 Continuing education 14 184 198 0.6 Chinese (Mandarin) - Chinese (Cantonese) 51 Religion - 54 101 242 397 1.3 101 Music 7,194 6,899 5,107 157 19,357 61.9 Indonesian Japanese 7 7,443 6,358 6,318 28,747 91.8 8,628 Malay 11 Thai 7 News 199 402 186 1,050 1,837 5.9 Vietnamese 81 Continuity 93 174 259 526 1.7 Open University 63 126 189 0.6 Services to Latin America: 81 7,642 9,123 6,781 7,753 31,299 100.0 Portuguese (Brazil) Spanish 311 Total hours 7851

40 BBC Guide Public Services 9

AUDIENCE MEASUREMENT current affairs, documentaries, drama Head of Press and Information, Television and education, it is central to the Television Centre, Wood Lane, This is carried out under the auspices accountability mechanisms to know London W 12 7RJ of BARB, the joint BBC /ITV Broad- which programmes give the greatest Telephone 081 5761865 casters' Audience Research Board. viewer satisfaction regardless of overall Head of Press and Public Relations, Audits of Great Britain is the data audience size. Many programmes from Regional Broadcasting, supplier to BARB, under a seven-year the genres listed obtain outstandingly Broadcasting House, London WIA IAA contract to July 1991. high appreciation scores among their Telephone 071 927 5404/5408 The system is based upon a panel relatively small audiences. Editor Picture Publicity, Television of about 3,000 private households, Radio Listening Panel to yield estimates of domestic TV Centre, Wood Lane, London W12 7RJ The purpose of this panel is to obtain viewing meter Telephone 081 576 7638 across the UK. A the views of listeners to specific BBC records for each set when it is switched Network Radio programmes. Reporting Press Offices on and to which channel it is tuned, is weekly and based on a 3,000 sample Chief Press Officer, Television Centre, minute by minute. Through a handset, size, representative of listeners to the Wood Lane, London W12 7RJ when are individuals record they BBC national networks across the UK. Telephone 081 5761865 viewing by means of a personal button a Enquiries from journalists are dealt on keypad, again minute by minute. PUBLICITY AND INFORMATION a with in London by press officers at the Overnight, central computer calls up BBC co- and sets Information ordinates following addresses: both of data through the telephone maintains contacts with the press, line. At the data processing stage, the through its press and publicity offices. BBC Press Office, Television Centre, information relating to sets is linked It provides factual information about Wood Lane, W12 7RJ to that for individuals. What panel London programmes and policies, arranges Telephone 081 5761865 (5 lines) members and their visitors are press facilities and offers a (8.30am- midnight Monday to Friday; watching is picture across all channels thereby service to newspapers at home and l0am -11pm Saturday and Sunday) established. Films BBC, abroad. about the booklets International Press Office, Bush House, Radio and posters, lectures by staff and public Strand, London WC2B4PH This is carried out through BRD's meetings are among Information day, Services' other activities which also Telephone 0712572941/2945/2947 Daily Survey of Listening. Every (9am-6pm Monday to Friday) 1,000 people aged four and over are include public relations and liaison interviewed in their homes about their with organisations in the field of social This office looks after overseas previous day's listening. The findings concern. journalists and the London corres- a pondents of foreign newspapers and are aggregated over month to provide Head of Corporate Affairs and Press average figures for each station by day also deals with British press enquiries of week. Individual local radio stations Relations, about the World Service. Broadcasting House, London W IA IAA a Outside London, press enquiries are researched twice year, in the Telephone 071 580 4468. spring and in the autumn. are dealt with as follows: Head of Television Publicity, England AUDIENCE REACTION Television Centre, Wood Lane, Midlands Region: Manager, Press and Television Opinion Panel London W I2 7RJ Public Relations, Pebble Mill, Complementary to the TV audience Telephone 081 576 7789 Birmingham B5 7QQ measurement is BARB system the Head Radio Publicity and Telephone 021 414 8888 Television Opinion Panel for which of the BBC's Broadcasting Research Promotions, North Region: Broadcasting House, London WIA IAA Manager, Press and Public Relations, department acts as data supplier. Telephone 927 This enhanced service, launched in 071 4331 New Broadcasting House, March 1986, involves sending a Head of Publicity and Public Relations, Oxford Road, Manchester M60 IS) self-completion booklet to a national News and Current Affairs, Television Telephone 061 200 2020 panel of viewers, with a weekly Centre, Wood Lane, London W12 711) South & East Region: effective sample size of 3,000, Telephone 081 743 8000 exts 3216/3863 Manager, Press and Public Relations, an equivalent national Children's Head of Press and Publicity, Elstree Centre, Clarendon Road, Panel, and 500 sample -size panels for World Service, Bush House, Strand, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 I)F each region taken in rotation on a WC2B4PH Telephone 081 953 6100 monthly basis. London Telephone 071 257 2877/2937 TOP provides a weekly measure of South & West Region: programme appreciation (an A 1 or Head of Corporate Publicity and Manager, Press and Public Relations, appreciation index) for all programmes Promotions, Broadcasting House, with an audience of about one million 4 Cavendish Square, London WIA IAA* Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2LR and above. In addition, more detailed Telephone 071 580 4468 ext 7402 Telephone 0272 732211 questions about viewers' response to *From end of year BBC White Coy, 201 Wood Lane, Scotland individual programmes are asked on a London W12 7TS selected Telephone 081 752 5252 Head of Information, basis. Broadcasting House, Given the narrower appeal of Queen Margaret Drive, many programmes on all four channels, including arts programmes, Glasgow 012 8130 Telephone 041 330 2345

BBC Guide 4, 9 Public Services continued

Wales TICKETS FOR BBC SHOWS of a programme with groups or Senior Press Officer, Members of the public are admitted individuals. The unit itself makes Broadcasting House, Llantrisant Road, to audience shows by ticket only. documentaries on issues of social Llandaff, Cardiff CF5 2YQ Applications are accepted six weeks concern. Telephone 0222 572888 before the date required. They should Members of the public wishing to Northern Ireland indicate the type of show preferred, make a programme with the unit Press and Publicity Officer, the number of tickets required and the should contact: Broadcasting House, Ormeau Avenue, ages of any children in the party. The Community Programme Unit, Most BBC TV BBC Belfast BT2 8HQ shows have a Television, Television Centre, Telephone 0232 244400 minimum age limit of 14 (with the Wood Lane, London W12 8QT exception of some children's shows FILMS, TALKS AND PUBLIC where the minimum age is 10). Visitors SUBTITLING MEETINGS to London should give the exact Over 30 hours of peak -time dates The BBC offers films and talks of their stay and a London programmes a week are subtitled about various aspects of address. All applications should for the benefit of deaf and hard -of- its work to enclose an clubs, societies and organisations. sae. hearing people. The range extends Details from Corporate Publicity, For television audience shows from Blue Peter to Horizon, and from please apply to TV Ticket Unit, BBC, EastEnders to Wildlife on One. These BBC Information, 4 Cavendish Square, London W 12 7SB. For radio audience subtitles are broadcast on page 888 of London W1A IAA shows A number of public meetings, please apply to: Radio Ticket Ceefax. Unit, BBC, London W1A4WW. entitled It's Your BBC!, are held The up and down the country every year, minimum age limit for radio SOS MESSAGES viewers shows is 10 but it is raised to 14 for The BBC will broadcast SOS messages at which and listeners are some invited to question top BBC executives adult comedy shows. and certain police messages where about programmes and policies. Every effort is made to meet all other means have been tried These meetings are widely advertised requests as soon as possible, but no unsuccessfully. Such messages may be locally and on radio, television and guarantees can be given. put out on the radio networks (generally Ceefax. Radio 4) or by the local radio station VISITOR LIAISON in the area concerned. PROGRAMME COMMENTS AND BBC Television receives some 7,000 Messages asking for relatives to ENQUIRIES visitors a year. Besides visitors, get in touch with a sick person are By letter: Manager, journalists and engineers from over- accepted for broadcasting where a Viewer and Listener Correspondence, seas, British groups including the doctor or hospital verifies that the police, armed forces, the professions, patient is dangerously ill. Such Broadcasting House, London W 1A IAA institutions and associations are messages, for which there is no charge, By phone: Information Office (Radio) welcomed. are put out only once, before the lam Telephone 071 580 4468 Enquiries Visitor Liaison, Room A413 or 6pm news. Information Office (Television) Centre House, BBC Television, Appeals for witnesses of accidents Telephone 081 743 8000. Wood Lane, London W12 7SB are accepted from the police and are Enquiries from overseas listeners: normally broadcast by the appropriate International Broadcasting and OVERSEAS VISITORS local radio station. Messages about Audience Research, Every year several thousand broad- lost property are not broadcast except casters and others with specialised where there is danger to life (eg, from BBC, Bush House, London WC2B 4PH Telephone 071 257 2963 professional interests in broadcasting an escaped wild animal or dangerous visit the BBC from all over the world. drugs that have been lost or stolen). General enquiries about reception: Visiting journalists and engineers Requests must come from the police. Engineering Information Department, are looked after by World Service Requests for broadcasting messages Broadcasting House, London W1A IAA Publicity and Engineering Information may be made in person, by letter or by Telephone 071 927 5040 Department respectively. telephone to: All other enquiries Senior Assistant Enquiries 1A about radio reception: (Liaison), Broadcasting House, London W IAA Telephone 0345 010 313 Telephone 071 580 4468 International Relations, BBC, (calls charged at local rate) Telex 265781 Broadcasting House, London W 1A IAA Telephone 071 927 5029 Broadcasting House, Ormeau Avenue, Telex 265781 Belfast BT2 8HQ Telephone 0232 244400 COMMUNITY PROGRAMME UNIT Broadcasting House, Llandaff, This unit is responsible for programmes made with the involvement of members Cardiff CF5 2YQ Telephone 0222 572888 of the general public, usually as a direct response to a request. In some Broadcasting House, productions, groups or individuals Queen Margaret Drive, are given technical facilities and Glasgow GI2 8DG professional advice to make their own Telephone 041 330 2345 programmes. In others, the unit shares responsibility for the style and content

42 BBC Guide Public Services continued 9

WEATHER SERVICES programmes are normally half-hour Enquiries concerning employment and The weather forecasts broadcast on series. Scripts and proposals should be training schemes in non -engineering BBC Radio and Television are sent to: categories in radio and television prepared from data supplied by the Script Editor, Light Entertainment should be addressed to: Meteorological Office, a branch of the (Radio), BBC, Room 107, 16 Langham Corporate Recruitment Services, BBC, Ministry of Defence. Major forecasts Street, London WIA IAA. Please write Broadcasting House, London WIA IAA. on the networks are presented by for a free leaflet concerning layout, professional forecasters employed by length, etc before submitting material. ENGINEERING the Met Office and selected by the BBC Television scripts, clearly typed, Qualified electronic engineers are for their ability as broadcasters. Local should be submitted (sae) to: recruited regularly for opportunities in radio and regional television also carry Head of Television Script Unit, BBC, Radio, Television, News and Current area forecasts. Television Centre, Wood Lane, Affairs and Transmission Operations W12 7RJ. as well as for the World Service. Radio London The unit will not consider the Vacancies also occur occasionally in The most extensive service of weather manuscripts of unpublished novels, the Regional Centres. In addition, information is carried on Radio 4, with stories, biographies, etc. Typescripts applicants over 18 with A level maths full general forecasts preceding each which have a specific local interest may and physics can be considered for major news bulletin and shorter fore- be submitted to the appropriate BBC training leading to an engineering casts at times. Shipping forecasts other regional office. post. A number of graduates with non- are broadcast four times a day. The A guide for writers, Writing for the technical degrees are also recruited to normal pattern is: General forecast, BBC, is by BBC Free follow a training course which leads to R4 1255, published Books. LW 0600, 0655, 0755, 0857, leaflets on writing for radio drama and an engineering post. Graduates with 1755, 2159, 0026 (approx); Shipping for television are available from good honours degrees in electrical R4 LW 0555, 1355, 1750, 0033. drama the appropriate above. Please engineering or applied physics are Inshore forecasts are broadcast at addresses enclose a stamped addressed envelope. appointed as Graduate Trainees in 0038 (Radio 4) and 0655 (Radio 3). for Radio 3 Research, Design and Equipment Warnings of icy roads, or Serious music scores fog, heavy should be addressed to: and Transmission Engineering changes in prolonged rain and sudden Music, BBC, Departments. the weather likely to cause danger or Editor, Contemporary Broadcasting House, London W 1A IAA. Graduates and applicants over 18 serious inconvenience are broadcast at Auditions for full -time professional can also be considered for posts as short notice on Radios 2 and 4. When artists are arranged regularly. technical operators (cameras, sound, fog on motorways is a threat to safety, Applications for serious music videotape recording) and will receive immediate warnings are broadcast on auditions should be addressed to: training in order to qualify for more Radios 1 and 2. Listeners to all networks positions. are directed to the summary of motor- Auditions Clerk, senior Radio 3 Music Department, BBC, Further details from: way fog alerts broadcast on Radio 2 after Broadcasting House, London W1A IAA, Head of Engineering and Technical the news summary on the hour and and for drama auditions to: Operations Recruitment, BBC, repeated hourly while the fog persists. Auditions and Promotions Assistant, Broadcasting House, PO Box 2BL, Television Radio Drama Department, BBC, London W IA 2BL. Regular forecasts, presented by Broadcasting House, London W IA IAA. weathermen, are placed after news Monthly auditions are held for BROADCASTING RESEARCH programmes on BBC I and BBC2. professional singers for the deputy list The BBC Broadcasting Research BBC Breakfast News includes a series of the BBC Singers; application should Department publishes each year a of weather spots in regular placings be made to the Chorus Manager (see summary of its main results called the throughout the programme, BBC below). Annual Review of BBC Broadcasting Television uses the world's most Auditions are arranged at various Research Findings (price 14.50 plus sophisticated electronic graphics times during the year for amateur postage and packing). This, and weather system. singers who wish to become members information about methods of BBC Weather information is a regular part (unpaid) of the BBC Symphony broadcasting research, can be obtained of the BBC's teletext service, Ceefax. Chorus. Written applications to: from: Chorus Manager, BBC, BBC Broadcasting Research SCRIPTS, SCORES, AUDITIONS Broadcasting House, London W1A IAA. Information Desk, Room C313, Original scripts and scores will be Woodlands, 80 Wood Lane, considered by readers and BBC RECRUITMENT London W12 M. programme departments. Although Vacancies in production and supporting Measurement of television the BBC takes every care of the material services are frequently filled through audiences and of viewers' opinions it receives, writers and composers are internal competition. When open to of BBC and ITV programmes, is strongly advised to retain a copy of external candidates advertisements are undertaken through the Broadcasters' everything they submit. Material placed in selected national newspapers Audience Research Board, the limited should be submitted as follows: and journals. The BBC also advertises, company set up by the BBC and the Radio plays, complete scripts, where appropriate, in regional and ITV Association. BARB's address is: or a brief synopsis with specimen local newspapers. A summary of Glenthorne House, dialogue, clearly typed to: vacancies open to external candidates Hammersmith Grove, London W6 061D. Script Editor, Drama (Radio), BBC, appears, on a daily basis, on Ceefax Broadcasting House, London WIA IAA. page 696. Radio Light Entertainment

BBC Guide 143 9 Public Services continued

APPEALS FOR CHARITY with by correspondence. Charges The BBC's service, Ceefax, offers Registered charities may be considered are made for certain services. Holds 600 pages of news and information on for a broadcast appeal on BBC Radio files of correspondence, minutes of BBC! and BBC2. Home and foreign or Television. Applicants for appeals meetings, news bulletins, scripts, press news, sports news and results, City and should write to: cuttings and programme information financial news, weather and road, rail Appeals Assistant, covering the whole range of the BBC's and air information are up -dated Broadcasting House, London WIA IAA; work from 1922. Correspondence throughout the day. or, where appropriate, to Secretary, files after 1962 are not available for Ceefax is broadcast at all times Northern Ireland; Appeals Organiser, research. The centre is a major source when BBC Television transmitters are Scotland; or Secretary, Wales. for social history as well as on eminent on the air, usually from 6am. See SOS messages for addresses. figures in politics, the arts, broad- Ceefax offers subtitles for the deaf casting and entertainment. and hard -of-hearing with an increasing BBC WRITTEN ARCHIVES CENTRE number of BBCtv programmes. Caversham Park, Reading, TELETEXT An information leaflet about Berkshire R04 817 Teletext is an additional broadcast Ceefax can be obtained from: Telephone 0734 472742 ext 280/281/282 service of written information which Room 7013, BBC, Television Centre, Open to external researchers by prior can be received on any TV set fitted Wood Lane, London W 12 7R1. appointment. Enquiries can be dealt with a teletext decoder.

10 Commercial Services

BBC ENTERPRISES LTD BBC International Unit Radio Times (45p) weekly BBC Enterprises is the commercial arm Television Centre, Wood Lane, Fast Forward (35p) weekly of the BBC, a wholly owned subsidiary London W12 7RJ Number One (50p) weekly selling programmes and programme - Telephone 081 576 1173 BBC Wildlife (£1.60) monthly related material throughout the world Telex 265781 World (£1.80) monthly and reinvesting the profits in new Cables Telecasts London BBC Good Food (£1.00) monthly productions. Fax 081 743 4033 Technical facilities. Grandstand (95p) quarterly Established in 1960, BBC Enter- BBC Acorn BBC TV Co- productions User (£1.50) monthly. prises became a limited company Other titles include the BBC Sports Year Woodlands (address as head office) in 1979. In 1986 the company series and Educational Computing. Telephone 081 743 8000 underwent a major reorganisation Fax 081 749 9973 Overseas and merged with BBC Publications; offices Canada: BBC Education and Training in 1987 BBC TV Co- productions Business Administration Sales, Cineville, 65 Heward Avenue, joined, bringing all the BBC's Woodlands (address as head office) Suite 111, Toronto, M4M 2T5 principal commercial operations BBC Ontario TV EUROPE; Olympus; Telephone (416) 585 2583/4/5. together. The company's head office BBC Datacast; Data Enquiry Service: Australia: BBC Enterprises Ltd, is: a fee -based information research Suite 101,80 William Street, Woodlands, 80 Wood Lane, service drawing mainly on the BBC's Sydney, New South Wales 2011 London W12 OTT information resources for clients from Telephone (02) 358 6411 Telephone 081 743 5588 or 081 576 2000 outside the Corporation. Telex BBCORP (71) 20705 Telex 934678 and 935963 Enquiries 071 927 5998 Fax 23585440 Cables Telecentre London BBC Television USA: BBC Lionheart Television, Fax 081 749 0538 Subscription Ltd Woodlands (address as head office) 630 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2220, Programme Sales Division Consumer Products Division New York NY 10111 Woodlands (address as head office) Telephone 212 541 7342 Woodlands (address as head office) sales; sales Telex 0230 3710854 TV TV development; sport, Home Entertainment; BBC Records news and affairs sales. Fax 212 956 2399 current and BBC Video; BBC Books; Training; Library Sales Education and LIBRARY AND INFORMATION Mills, BBC Licensing. Reynard Windmill Road, RESEARCH SERVICES Brentford, Middlesex T W89NF BBC Magazines Through its network of libraries, Telephone 081 568 7986 35 Marylebone High Street, archival collections, specialist services, Telex 265781 London w I M 4AA international databases, and cuttings Cables Film and Telecentre London 580 5577 libraries (with a stock of 20 million videotape. Telephone 071 Fax 071 935 6780 classified cuttings and a daily accession

44 1 BBC Guide Commercial Services continued IO

rate of some 2,000 new cuttings from list of future events, a monthly available from any other source may the national and provincial press) the anniversaries list and a monthly be hired by outside users subject to Library and Information Research retrospective diary of events. any copyrights being cleared. Services provide a wealth of back- Publications: catalogues of chamber ground information. The Research Engineering Research Department Library, Subject Specialist and keyboard music, songs, choral Libraries have a holding of some (Engineering), Kingswood Warren, music (all currently out of print). 250,000 books and substantial Orchestral catalogue (4 vols) available. Tadworth, Surrey KT206NP numbers of periodicals, maps and Books, Enquiries 071 927 4439. Acts, Bills, White Papers and similar periodicals and reports on publications. radio and television engineering and Television Library Services related subjects. On -line access to Television Film and Videotape Some of this material is for internal computer databases. Library, South Block, Reynard Mills use only, but much it is of available to Industrial outside organisations, researchers and Subject Specialists Unit (Industrial Estate, Windmill Road, Brentford, TWB 9NF others. Access is usually indirect, by Affairs, Science and Social Affairs), Middlesex For BBC users only, but a number of individual enquiry or as a regular Woodlands, 80 Wood Lane, programmes are available for sale or service on a commercial basis W12 OTT through London hire by other organisations for the BBC Data Enquiry Service (see Background information; latest and training BBC Enterprises). developments; access to computer education purposes, databases; bibliographies; contacts. through BBC Enterprises, Woodlands, Broadcasting House 80 Wood Lane, London W12 OTT Research Library, Henry Wood House, Pronunciation Unit, Purchase of selected complete films: Langham Place, London WIA IAA Broadcasting House, London W IA IAA 081 576 2000. Purchase of items and Holds books and pamphlets; British The unit provides an advisory service footage of film and videotape material: and foreign current newspapers and for all BBC broadcasters on problems BBC Enterprises Library Sales periodicals with extensive back of pronunciation, both English and Enquiries 081 758 8444/5. files. Special collections: music and foreign, occurring in English -language dance, broadcasting and government broadcasts. Guides published. Popular Music Library, Western publications. House, 99 Great Portland Street, History of Broadcasting Unit, London W IA IAA News Information Research Unit, 1 -2 Marylebone High Street, Covers all aspects of popular music Broadcasting House, London W1A IAA London WIA lAR from the 19th century to the present 20 million press cuttings from The unit assists in the compilation of day. Holds manuscript and printed British newspapers and magazines, the official history of the BBC and orchestral arrangements of light and plus government publications. undertakes related historical research. popular music, song copies and Index to Radio news bulletins. albums, vocal scores, piano and West London OTHER BBC LIBRARIES instrumental solos. Access to the Research Library, Woodlands, Radio Drama Script Information Unit, public by prior arrangement. Music Broadcasting House, London W IA IAA hire scheme in operation. Copies of 80 Wood Lane, London W12 oTT General stock. Special collection of, Scripts of all programmes produced the microfiche index on sale. and indexes to, cinema and drama by Radio Drama Department: plays, Enquiries 071 927 4584. material. features, poetry and readings, from Reference section holds books, 1922; 60,000 scripts, mostly on periodicals, press cuttings. Research Art and Design Research Library, microfilm. The scripts are mainly service available. Scenery Block, Television Centre, for internal use but are also sent Enquiries 071 927 4154. Wood Lane, London 1112712J to radio stations all over the Sound Library, Broadcasting House, Stock of illustrated books on all world. Researchers are welcome by London W 1A IAA subjects; emphasis on fine art, appointment only. A fee is charged. architecture and design. Illustrations Enquiries 071 927 5495. (i) Sound Archives - 250,000 collection. individually catalogued recordings Television Drama Script Library on disc and tape covering the whole News Information Research Unit, (Television Script Unit), Television range of broadcasting Lime Grove, London W12 7RJ Centre, Wood Lane, London W12 7RJ (ii) Current Recordings -a changing British newspaper and magazine press Comprehensive indices to all drama stock of 90,000 tapes containing 60,000 cuttings. Special collections of productions. Copies of BBC Television radio programmes or inserts for newspaper headlines and political drama scripts can be consulted, by programme making cartoons. appointment only. Charges payable. (iii) Sound Effects -a collection of News Information Research Unit, Send sae for leaflet. some 20,000 recorded sound effects on Television Centre, Wood Lane, Enquiries 081 576 1390. CD, disc and tape (iv) Radio Programme Index, Block C, London W12 7RJ Music Library, Yalding House, British newspaper and magazine press 156 Great Portland Street, Woodlands, 80 Wood Lane, London Wl2OTT cuttings. Index to BBC Television news London WIN 6AJ broadcasts. Collection An index by title, subject and of 21 million items contributor of domestic radio Corporate Services including scores, parts, books and programmes. Events Unit, Woodlands, periodicals covering the whole serious music repertoire. Primary object of the (i) and (iii) are open to external 80 Wood Lane, London W12 OTT library is researchers. Licensing of recordings The unit issues a weekly and monthly the supply of music for broadcast performance. Material not for commercial, educational and

BBC Guide 45 IO Commercial Services continued

private use. facilities are also available for hire. Unit books radio facilities in Britain Enquiries 071 927 4853. Enquiries The Business Manager, for foreign broadcasters, either on a International Recordings and Radioplay BBC Transcription, Kensington House, reciprocal basis or, in the case of most Richmond Way, London WI4OAX commercial stations, for a fee. Music Library, 16 Langham Street, Telephone 081 895 6108 Enquiries 071 927 5124/5126 London WIA IAA A wide range of music items and Telex 265781 Telex 265781 complete radio programmes selected Cables Broadcasts London Television from broadcasting organisations and Fax 081 749 9269 The International Operations unit sources all over the world. Television other TRANSCRIPTS AND RADIO TAPES at Centre co-ordinates Not open to the public. Contact programme relays via Eurovision and with overseas broadcasting Transcripts and tapes of programmes staff, for personal reference purposes only satellite both into and out of the UK. particularly in music production and may be obtained by writing to: It arranges facilities for foreign tele- programming, welcome. vision in UK as well The Transcript and Tape BBC, broadcasters the Unit, as for BBC producers abroad, and also Broadcasting House, London WIA IAA. BBC MONITORING sells BBC technical facilities on behalf While the BBC does its best to meet BBC Monitoring is part of the of BBC Enterprises. requests, it is always possible to BBC World Service. Jointly with its not Telephone 5761173 do so for copyright and contractual 081 US partner it monitors broadcasts Fax 081 743 4033 reasons, or because a tape or script no from about 130 countries. Information Telex 267099 BBC IU G and documentation from this joint longer exists. The BBC acquires only broadcasting rights in much of the Training operation is available in a fast material it uses and it year BBC runs a range teleprinted newsfile and two cannot therefore Each the of publications, the Summary of World legally make copies for third parties. training courses for overseas broad- Broadcasts (SWB) and World In most cases a basic enquiry fee casters, course subjects including and a charge for the material is made, engineering, television production, Broadcasting Information (WBI). to help meet costs. educational television and radio The newsfile provides a global training, management and service of up to 12,000 words daily and production, BBC TOPICAL TAPES journalism. Arrangements can also be is available round clock. SWB, the The BBC Topical Tapes are original weekly made to hold courses overseas or to published six days a week, cames about more 100,000 words in each issue, presented programmes in English, made for local second consultants to provide use by world. general training advice. In certain cases in four parts: radio stations around the USSR; Eastern Europe; Some 250 tapes are airmailed each aid funding may be obtainable. Far East and Middle East; Africa and week to subscribers in 50 countries. General enquiries Chief Assistant, Each a Latin America. part publishes of International BBC, separate Weekly Economic Report. The range programmes covers inter- Relations, national current affairs and finance, Broadcasting House, London W IA IAA The SWB is also available in machine- books, science and technology, Telephone 071 927 5029. readable form. WBI is published Training). weekly development techniques, international (See also Television giving programme schedules and social and health and news. SWB, personalities broadcasting The themes. Topical Tapes are available for TELEVISION TRAINING WBI and the teleprinted newsfile can educational use overseas and in the UK. Television Training Department is be by and special bought subscription, Enquiries: Business Assistant, responsible for all formal production services can be provided by contract. BBC Topical Tapes, PO Box 76, and direction training in the Television all regarding For enquiries Bush House, Strand, Service and also holds one long marketing and sales: London WC2B 4PH production course for overseas broad- Marketing and Sales Manager, Telephone 071 257 2756 (24 -hour) casters. However, as production BBC Monitoring, Caversham Park, Telex 265781 methods in many countries now do not Reading, Berkshire RG4 8TZ as closely of the Telephone Fax 071 836 5195 correspond to those 0734 472742 BBC as they did in the past it is Telex 848318 BBC'S WORLD SERVICE common for small training teams to Fax 0734 461954 AUDIENCE MEASUREMENT run courses on -site in television Measurement of overseas audiences to stations abroad. BBC TRANSCRIPTION the BBC's World Service in English Enquiries about television BBC Transcription, a division of and 37 other languages is undertaken production training at home and World is responsible for BBC Service, by International Broadcasting & overseas to: Head of Television the sale of BBC Radio programmes to Audience Research department. Training, BBC Elstree Centre, overseas broadcasters in over 100 Clarendon Road, Borehamwood, countries. Information on this and international media in general is retained by the Hertfordshire WD6 1)F. In maintaining a addition to IBAR Library, open to external The Department produces tapes, programme library of over 7,000 hours, researchers by prior appointment. manuals and films illustrating most the service also provides a regular Telephone 071 257 2963 aspects of television and production supply of new radio programmes Charges are made for certain services. training. All of these products can be covering drama, serious and light purchased. music, light entertainment, rock and FACILITIES FOR FOREIGN Enquiries Publications and Marketing, pop music, education, religion, and a BROADCASTERS Television Training Department, range of talks, features and magazine Radio BBC Elstree Centre, Clarendon Road, items. Studio and mobile recording BBC International Relations Facilities Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 IJF.

46 1 BBC Guide BBC Dates ii

1922 1941 18 October British Broadcasting Company formed 14 January V campaign broadcasts begin in Belgian Service 1 November Broadcast receiving licence (10s) introduced 1944 14 November First daily programmes from 2L0 in London 7 June D Day. War Report starts 14 December J.C.W. Reith appointed General Manager of BBC 1945 1923 8 May VE by 8 First outside broadcast (from Covent Garden) Day, broadcasts Churchill and George VI January 29 Regional broadcasting resumed. Start of Light 18 January Postmaster-General grants BBC licence to July broadcast Programme 1 May Savoy Hill Studios opened 1946 28 September Radio Times first published 1 June Combined radio and TV licence introduced 1924 7 June Television service resumes 29 September Start of Third Programme 4 April Broadcasting for schools begins 1950 1925 12 February Formation Broadcasting 27 Daventry LW transmitter opened of European Union July 27 August First live television from the Continent (Calais) 1927 1953 1 January British Broadcasting Corporation established 2 June Television for first time; replacing the Company. Sir John Reith Director -General of coronation ceremony television audience exceeded radio audience 15 January First running commentary broadcast under a new agreement with the press (Rugby International England 1954 v Wales) 6 June -4 July First European exchange of television 5 March Ban on broadcasting of controversial material programmes with eight countries taking part lifted 1955 1929 2 May VHF transmitter opened at Wrotham 16 January The Listener first published 10 October Start of colour television test transmissions 20 August First BBC transmission of Baird's 30 -line experimental television 1957 25 December Queen's Christmas message televised for first 1930 time 9 March Start of Regional scheme offering alternative radio programme 1958 1 October Ampex video -recording equipment used by BBC 1932 for first time 1 May Broadcasting House becomes BBC headquarters 1959 19 December Empire Service inaugurated on short-wave 18 June Cablefilm used for first time 25 December First Round -the- Empire Christmas Day programme with broadcast by King George V 1960 1936 29 June First transmission from BBC Television Centre 2 November Inauguration of BBC television service (world's 1962 first regular high definition service) 11 July First live television from US by Telstar satellite 11 December King Edward VIII's abdication broadcast 28 August Start of experimental stereophonic radio 1937 transmission 12 May George VI's coronation procession televised. First 1964 use of TV outside broadcast van 20 April Start of BBC2 transmissions on 625 lines 1938 1967 3 January First BBC foreign language service begins (Arabic) 25 June Our World first live satellite worldwide programme 30 June Sir John Reith leaves BBC televised 27 September Start of European Service (news in French, 1 July BBC2 transmissions in colour using PAL system German and Italian) (first regular service in Europe) 1939 15 August Marine etc Broadcasting (Offences) Act came into operation suppressing pirate radio 1 September Television Service closed down for defence reasons; Home Service replaces National and Regional 30 September Radio 1 introduced. Other networks renamed programmes Radios 2, 3 and 4 8 November Start local with 3 September Broadcasts by Neville Chamberlain and George of radio experiment VI on the declaration of war introduction of Radio Leicester 1940 1968 12 October First use BBC 7 January Forces Programme begins of advanced standards converter to relay 19 May Churchill's first broadcast as Prime Minister Olympic Games from Mexico to Europe in colour 18 June General de Gaulle's first broadcast to France 1969 15 October Bomb explodes in Broadcasting House during 21 July Neil Armstrong's landing on the moon televised 9pm news bulletin 15 November Colour service extended to BBC1 and ITV

BBC Guide 47 II BBC Dates continued

1970 CHAIRMEN OF THE BBC 4 April Radio networks reorganised to introduce more generic broadcasting Lord Gainford was the first Chairman of the British Broadcasting Company in 1922 and the first Vice-Chairman 1971 of the British Broadcasting Corporation when it was formed 1 February Abolition of radio only licence on 1 January 1927.

1972 Earl of Clarendon 1 January 1927 -May 1930 19 January End of Post Office control of broadcasting hours J.H. Whitley 2 June 1930 -3 February 1935 1974 Viscount 29 1935 August 1935 23 September Regular Ceefax service starts Bridgeman March -14 1975 R.C. Norman 3 October 1935 -18 April 1939 9 June - 4 July Experiment of broadcasts from Parliament Sir Allan Powell 19 April 1939 -31 December 1946

1978 Lord Inman 1 January 1947 -22 April 1947 3 April Start of regular radio broadcasts from Parliament Lord Simon of Wythenshawe 9 June 1947 -31 July 1952 1981 Sir Alexander Cadogan 1 August 1952 -30 November 1957 1 June Broadcasting Complaints Commission starts work 1982 Sir Arthur fforde 1 December 1957 -31 January 1964 1 November BBC Welsh language programmes transferred Sir James Duff 26 February 1964 -13 May 1964 to Sianel 4 Lord Normanbrook 14 May 1964 -15 June 1967 1983 Lord Hill of Luton (Dr Charles Hill) 17 January Breakfast Time television transmissions begin 1 September 1967 -31 December 1972 1985 Sir Michael Swann (later Lord Swann) 23 January Start of six month experiment in televising House of Lords 1 January 1973 -31 July 1980 1986 George Howard (later Lord Howard of Henderskelfe) 1 August 1980 -31 July 1983 1 April All BBC commercial activities brought together in a single organisation, BBC Enterprises Ltd Stuart Young 1 August 1983 -29 August 1986 3 July Peacock Report on financing BBC published Marmaduke Hussey 6 November 1986- 27 October Daytime Television service launched 13 November BBC Violence on Television report released 1987 DIRECTORS -GENERAL OF THE BBC 14 January Government announces future licence fee to be linked J.C.W. Reith (later Lord Reith) 1 January 1927 -30 June 1938 to the Retail Price Index He was appointed the first General Manager of the British 8 October Home Secretary announces setting up of new Broadcasting Standards Broadcasting Company in December 1922. Within a year, he Council to handle complaints from was re- designated Managing Director of the Company. public about television sex and violence 30 November Work begins on new BBC headquarters at Frederick Ogilvie (later Sir Frederick Ogilvie) White City site 1 October 1938 -27 January 1942 1988 Robert W. Foot (Joint Director -General) 3 January See For Yourself broadcast for the first time on 27 January 1942-6 September 1943 BBCI Sir Cecil Graves (Joint Director -General) 1 September BBC External Services changes its name to BBC 27 January 1942 September 1943 World Service -6 8 November Government White Paper: Broadcasting in the Robert W. Foot 6 September 1943 -31 March 1944 '90s: Competition, choice and quality, published W.J. Haley (later Sir William Haley) 1989 1 April 1944-30 September 1952 6 February Publication of the BBC's response to the Sir Ian Jacob 1 December 1952 -31 December 1959 Government's White Paper on Broadcasting 1 March BBC issues new comprehensive guidelines for Hugh Carleton Greene (later Sir Hugh Greene) producers 1 January 1960-31 March 1969 21 November Experimental televising of House of C.J. (later Sir Charles Curran) Commons began Curran 1 April 1970 -30 September 1977 7 December Broadcasting Bill published Ian (later Sir Ian Trethowan) 1990 Trethowan 1 October 1977 -25 July 1982 1 January BBC Subscription Television Ltd created as a separate company within BBC Enterprises Alasdair Milne 26 July 1982 -29 January 1987 25 January Funding the Future report presented Michael Checkland 26 February 1987-

48 BBC Guide BBC COAT OF ARMS

The first Royal Charter to the BBC came into force on The supporters of the Coat of Arms are on each side an 1 January 1927. This effected the transition of the BBC eagle (symbolising speed) with a bugle hung around its neck from the British Broadcasting Company to the British (representing public proclamation). Broadcasting Corporation. The BBC's motto, 'Nation shall speak peace unto In March 1927, the Kings of Arms, the three senior nation', was based on the verse from the Book of Micah heralds at the College of Arms, granted the BBC the right to (chapter 4, verse 3) and Book of Isaiah (chapter 2, verse 4): its own Armorial Bearings (Coat of Arms, Crest, Supporters 'Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall and Motto). they learn war any more.' It was adopted at the same time as The heraldic description of the BBC's Coat of Arms in the Coat of Arms was granted under Letters Patent by the the original Grant is: College of Arms in March 1927. Arms: Azure, a Terrestrial Globe proper encircled In 1934 the motto was changed to 'Quaecunque', meaning by an Annulet Or and seven Estoiles in orle 'Whatsoever'. This was taken from St Paul's Epistle to the Argent. Philippians - chapter 4, verse 8: 'Whatsoever things are Crest: On a Wreath of the Colours, a Lion passant true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are Or, grasping in the dexter forepaw a just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are Thunderbolt proper. lovely, whatsoever things are of good report: if there be any Supporters: On either side an Eagle, wings addorsed virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.' proper collared Azure pendent therefrom a Although the College of Arms accepted 'Quaecunque' as Bugle Horn stringed Or. an alternative motto, the original motto is the one used on An approximate translation of the heraldic language on the Coat of Arms and most commonly used by the BBC the BBC's Armorial Bearings would be that the coat of today. arms consists of the terrestrial globe on an azure shield, In 1987 when the new four -colour BBC logo and livery representing the ether, with the seven other planets in the was first introduced, the Coat of Arms was revitalised under sky around it. (Of course, there would now be eight other the supervision of Arundel Herald of the College of Arms. planets but Pluto was not discovered until 1930, after the The new Armorial Bearings are completely faithful, Arms had been granted, designed and registered.) The globe historically and heraldically, to the original Grant. and the universe reflect the scope and breadth of the The colour version of the Coat of Arms, printed on Corporation. the back cover of this Guide and the Annual Report, The crest is a lion, holding in his right forepaw a incorporates the three colours representing the BBC's three conventional thunderbolt with lightning flashes, which is a national regions: blue for Scotland, red for Wales and green heraldic method of representing broadcast transmissions. for Northern Ireland. The lion indicates that the Corporation is British.

Published by the British Broadcasting Corporation, Broadcasting House, London WA IAA. Produced by BBC Information Services. Designed by Benjamin Rowntree Reports Limited. Printed by folly & Barber Ltd, Rugby, Warwickshire. © BBC 1990.