Desiderius Erasmus Greek New Testament
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A Book Or a Tree? a Textual Variant in Revelation 22: 19
A Book or a Tree? A Textual Variant in Revelation 22: 19 Kevin L. Barney Erasmus On or about October 28, 1466, a boy was born in Rotterdam to Roger Gerard and a woman we know only as Margaret, the daughter of a physician. His birth name was Gerard Gerardson after his father, but he later would take upon himself the name by which he is known to history, Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus. Erasmus was both the name of a saint and the Greek word meaning “desired.” Desiderius was simply the Latin equivalent of Erasmus, and Roterodamus was Latin for “of Rotterdam,” the city with which he would always be closely associated, although he only lived there for the rst four years of his life. Although he was born out of wedlock, he was loved and cared for by his parents until their untimely deaths from the plague in 1483; Erasmus was only a teenager. Now orphaned, he received from the Catholic Church the nest education available to a young man in his day. Not only did he become an outstanding Latinist, but he also managed to learn Greek by studying day and night for three years. He constantly begged his friends in his letters for books and for money to pay his teachers. Erasmus was the rst to publish the New Testament in Greek, something he did in 1516. (The New Testament had already been printed in Greek two years earlier as part of the Complutensian Polyglot, but that work was not actually published until 1520 because the editors had to wait for the Old Testament portion to be nished and sanctioned by Pope Leo X.)1 Erasmus’s project began in 1512 when he undertook a new translation of the New Testament into Latin, declaring, “It is only fair that Paul should address the Romans in somewhat better Latin.”2 Erasmus was a superb Latin stylist, and he knew it (only one with tremendous condence in his Latin skills would dare to emend Jerome’s Vulgate, the established Bible at the time). -
The Greek New Testament, Stephens 1550
Public Domain pdfs brought to you by http://bibletranslation.ws/palmer-translation/ JESUS BUY THE TRUTH AND SELL IT NOT Prov. 23:23 THY WORD IS TRUTH John 17:17 This text is The Greek New Testament Textus Receptus (Stephanus 1550) Prepared for the Web by Richard T. Dodds for Christian Hospitality Any feedback, including reports of errors found, would be welcome: mail to [email protected] THE COMPLETE NEW TESTAMENT th#v [Rou;y. ]Wbh'd de' e]ge;nnhse to'n ]Iessai;. 6 ]Iessai' de' e]ge;nnhse to'n Dabi'd to'n basile;a. Dabi'd de' o[ basileu'v e]ge;nnhse to'n Solomw#nta e]k th#v tou# Ou]ri;ou. 7 Solomw'n de' e]ge;nnhse to'n [Roboa;m. [Roboa'm de' THS# KAINHS# e]ge;nnhse to'n ]Abia;. ]Abia' de' e]ge;nnhse to'n ]Asa;. 8 ]Asa' de' e]ge;nnhse ; to'n ]Iwsafa;t. ]Iwsafa't de' e]ge;nnhse DIAYHKHS to'n ]Iwra;m. ]Iwra'm de' e]ge;nnhse to'n ]Ozi;an. 9 ]Ozi;av de' e]ge;nnhse = to'n ]Iwa;yam. ]Iwa;yam de' e]ge;nnhse APANTA to'n /Acaz. /Acaz de' e]ge;nnhse to'n ]Ezeki;an. 10 ]Ezeki;av de' e]ge;nnhse to'n Manassh#. Manassh#v de' e]ge;nnhse to'n ]Amw;n. ]Amw'n de' e]ge;nnhse to'n ]Iwsi;an. 11 ]Iwsi;av de' e]ge;nnhse MATTHEW to'n ]Ieconi;an kai' tou'v a]delfou'v au]tou#, e]pi' th#v metoikesi;av Babulw#nov. -
The Impact and Influence of Erasmus's Greek New Testament
HISTORICAL STUDIES The Impact and Influence of Erasmus’s Greek New Testament PETER J. GOEMAN Abstract Although often eclipsed by the giants of the Reformation, Desiderius Erasmus had a notable influence on the Reformation and the world that followed. Responsible for five editions of the Greek New Testament, his contributions include a renewed emphasis on the Greek over against the Latin of the day, as well as influence on subsequent Greek New Testaments and many translations, including Luther’s German Bible and the English King James Version. In God’s providence, Erasmus provided kindling for the fire of the Reformation.1 “ he name of Erasmus shall never perish.” Time has proved these words, spoken by one of his friends in the early 1500s, to be true. Today, Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam is recognized as a key figure—especially in regard to his influence on Bible translation and textual criticism. Although his fame has been Tsuperseded by the heroes of the Reformation, many of them were benefi- ciaries of his hard work. The Reformers owed him much. In the English- speaking world, the average person may not know Erasmus’s name, yet those who read the Bible today are indebted both to his contribution and to those he influenced. 1 I would like to thank my friends and colleagues Abner Chou and Will Varner for reading an earlier version of this article and providing valuable feedback. 69 70 UNIO CUM CHRISTO ›› UNIOCC.COM Much has been written about Erasmus’s life, and this article will focus on his work on the Greek New Testament. -
How We Got Our Bible: Christian History Timeline Philip W
How We Got Our Bible: Christian History Timeline Philip W. Comfort EARLY DEVELOPMENT c. 1400–400 B.C. Books of the Hebrew Old Testament written c. 250–200 B.C. The Septuagint, a popular Greek translation of the Old Testament, produced A.D. 45–85? Books of the Greek New Testament written 90 and 118 Councils of Jamnia give final affirmation to the Old Testament canon (39 books)* 140-150 Marcion’s heretical “New Testament” incites orthodox Christians to establish a NT canon 303-306 Diocletian’s persecution includes confiscating and destroying New Testament Scriptures c. 305-310 Lucian of Antioch’s Greek New Testament text; becomes a foundation for later Bibles 367 Athanasius’s Festal Letter lists complete New Testament canon (27 books) for the first time 397 Council of Carthage establishes orthodox New Testament canon (27 books) c. 400 Jerome translates the Bible into Latin; this “Vulgate” becomes standard of medieval church ENGLISH VERSIONS FROM LATIN c. 650 Caedmon, a monk, puts Bible books into verse c. 735 >Historian Bede translates the Gospels 871-899 King Alfred the Great translates the Psalms and 10 Commandments 950 The 7th-century Lindisfarne Gospels receive English translation 955-1020 Aelfric translates various Bible books c. 1300 Invention of eyeglasses aids copying c. 1325 Both Richard Rolle and William Shoreham translate psalms into metrical verse 1380-1382 John Wycliffe and associates make first translation of the whole Bible into English 1388 John Purvey revises Wycliffe Bible 1455 Gutenberg’s Latin Bible—first from press ENGLISH -
The Four-Hundredth Anniversary of the Publication of the First Greek New Testament (Illustrated). Bernhard Pick 129
^be ©pen Court A MONTHLY MAGAZINE S>evotc^ to tbe Science ot 'Relfdiont tbe IReliaion of Science, anb tbe Bxtension ot tbe Itelidioud parliament fbea Founded by Edwabo C. Hegeles. VOL. XXX. (No. 3) MARCH, 1916. NO. 718 CONTENTS: FACB Frontispiece. Erasmus (After a Painting by Holbein). The Four-Hundredth Anniversary of the Publication of the First Greek New Testament (Illustrated). Bernhard Pick 129 Desiderius Erasmus and his Significance for the Reformation. C. K. Ogden . 148 The Danger to Civilisation. Bertrand Russell , 170 Thou That Nearest Prayer (Poem). Helen Coale Crew 181 British Treatment of German Missionaries 183 Our Thermometer. Paul Carus 187 Mr. Mangasarian Misunderstands 188 Book Reviews and Notes 191 XTbe (^pen Court publisbing CompaniS CHICAGO Per copy, 10 cents (sixpence). Yearly, $1.00 (in the U.P.U., 5s. 6d.). Entered u Second-Class Matter March s6, i897t at the Post Office at Chicago, III., under Act of March' 3. t%jt Copyright by The Open Court Publishing Company, 1916 ^be ^^cn Court A MONTHLY MAGAZINE S>evotc^ to tbe Science ot 'Keifdion» tbe IReligfon of Science, anb tbe £XiCndion ot tbe Itelidious parliament Ibea Pounded by Edwaso C. Hegelek. VOL. XXX. (No. 3) MARCH, 1916. NO. 718 CONTENTS: fAGS Frontispiece. Erasmus (After a Painting by Holbein). The Four-Hundredth Anniversary of the Publication of the First Greek New Testament (Illustrated) . Bernhard Pick 129 Desiderius Erasmus and his Significance for the Reformation. C. K. Ogden . 148 The Danger to Civilisation. Bertrand Russell 170 Thou That Nearest Prayer (Poem). Helen Coale Crew 181 British Treatment of German Missionaries 183 Our Thermometer. -
A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. by Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Vol. II. Author: Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener Release Date: June 28, 2011 [Ebook 36549] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PLAIN INTRODUCTION TO THE CRITICISM OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, VOL. II.*** A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament For the Use of Biblical Students By The Late Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. Prebendary of Exeter, Vicar of Hendon Fourth Edition, Edited by The Rev. Edward Miller, M.A. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of New College, Oxford Vol. II. George Bell & Sons, York Street, Covent Garden London, New York, and Cambridge 1894 Contents Chapter I. Ancient Versions. .3 Chapter II. Syriac Versions. .8 Chapter III. The Latin Versions. 53 Chapter IV. Egyptian Or Coptic Versions. 124 Chapter V. The Other Versions Of The New Testament. 192 Chapter VI. On The Citations From The Greek New Tes- tament Or Its Versions Made By Early Ecclesiastical Writers, Especially By The Christian Fathers. 218 Chapter VII. Printed Editions and Critical Editions. 231 Chapter VIII. Internal Evidence. 314 Chapter IX. History Of The Text. -
Printers: New Cultural Actors in Europe Beginning in the Late fifteenth Century
Humanists and Europe Printers: new cultural actors in Europe beginning in the late fifteenth century Catherine KIKUCHI ABSTRACT Printing was born in Germany with the production of the Gutenberg Bible, although printers set up shop across all of Europe beginning in the first decades of the century. They specialized, organized, and collaborated with merchants and bookshops. This new industry was particularly concentrated in merchant cities and university towns. Their editorial strategies sought to reach an increasingly broader audience which was not limited to persons of letters, although important printers worked with the Humanists for the diffusion of high quality revised editions. Their collaboration involved ancient texts, such as the Greek editions of Aldus Manutius, as well as religious texts, the Bible in particular. Printing was thus a driver of religious and intellectual renewal, but was also suspected of conveying harmful and heretical ideas; with the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, printers were increasingly controlled by political and religious authorities, a control that some of them were able to circumvent. The invention and diffusion of printing The birth of printing in Europe is dated as 1452, when Johann Gutenberg produced the 42-line Bible in Mainz with the help of Peter Schöffer and funding from Johann Fust. This invention takes its place in the long-term history of technology, stretching from Chinese and Korean printing methods to engraved Bibles for the poor in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The true change with Gutenberg was not so much the press itself, but the use of movable type. Furthermore, the success of printing was also due to its connection with important merchants who invested in this new art, such as Johann Fust. -
Text Criticism Worksheet True Or False Decide Whether Each of the Following Statements Are True Or False
LG1200‐50 | New Testament Greek [email protected] Text Criticism Worksheet True or False Decide whether each of the following statements are true or false. T or F 1. We have no autographs (i.e. manuscripts written by the authors themselves and their scribes) of the New Testament. 2. The Nestle‐Aland 27th ed. text is the original Greek text of the New Testament. 3. Some of the differences between NT manuscripts are due to errors made when the scribe’s eye accidently skipped a word or a line. 4. If text critics determine that a scribe attempted to smooth out the style of a passage or correct its grammar, they will probably decide to use the smoothed out version. 5. Of the three text families, the Alexandrian family of manuscripts is usually thought to be the most faithful to the original. 6. The Textus Receptus, or received text, is usually thought to be the most faithful to the original. 7. Papyri (signaled by the script letter î) are the oldest manuscripts we have. 8. Another word for manuscript is “witness.” 9. The codex Alexandrinus is not in the Alexandrian family of texts. 10. The more manuscripts we have that testify to a particular reading, the more likely that reading is the original. 11. Some of the differences between NT manuscripts are due to error made when the scribe replaced one word with another that sounded similar. 12. As a general rule, when trying to decide between two manuscripts, the shorter reading is to be preferred. Types of Evidence The text critic analyzes both external evidence and internal evidence to determine which reading of a particular disputed text is to be preferred. -
The King James Version of the Bible a Valley Bible Church Position Paper
The King James Version of the Bible A Valley Bible Church Position Paper www.valleybible.net The King James Version was completed in 1611 as an attempt to have the Church of England use one Bible translation rather than the several which were in use at the time. As the years went by it became the primary version used in the English speaking world for hundreds of years. It is an excellent, literal translation that has served the church well for many years. The translators provided a great service to the church by producing such a fine work in light of their limited resources. Yet over time language changes. This is one reason for the popularity of more modern translations such as the New American Standard Bible, the New King James Version and the New International Version. Many have found the King James Version to be written in a style and with vocabulary that has become archaic. Not only has the style become difficult for today's reader, many of the words have lost or changed their meaning (e.g. suffer, quick, allege, let, conversation). This becomes more significant when we learn of the KJV translators desired the Word of God to be readable for the common person. They write in the preface to the first edition, "But we desire that the Scripture may speak like itself, as in the language of Canaan, that it may be understood even of the very vulgar [common person]." Yet others have grown up reading the King James Version and prefer its style over all other translations, though they are not opposed to other translations. -
Humanism and Hebraism: Christian Scholars and Hebrew Sources in the Renaissance
Humanism and Hebraism: Christian Scholars and Hebrew Sources in the Renaissance Kathryn Christine Puzzanghera Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in Religion April 2016 © 2016 Kathryn C. Puzzanghera, All Rights Reserved This thesis is dedicated to the glory of God Who gave us reason, creativity, and curiosity, that they might be used AND To the mixed Protestant-Catholic family I was born into, and the Jewish family we chose Table of Contents Chapter I: Christian Humanist Hebraism in Context .................................... 1 Christian Thought and Biblical Exegesis ......................................................................... 8 Jewish-Christian Dialogue and Anti-Semitism .............................................................. 17 Scholastics and Humanists in dialogue .......................................................................... 29 Christian Hebraists: Medieval Exegetes, Renaissance Humanists, and Protestant Reformers ....................................................................................................................... 43 Renaissance Hebraists: Nicholas of Lyra, Johannes Reuchlin, and Philip Melanchthon ........................................................................................................................................ 55 Chapter II: Nicholas of Lyra ...........................................................................58 Nicholas in Dialogue: Influences and Critiques ............................................................. 71 Nicholas’s -
Erasmus' Latin New Testament
A Most Perilous Journey ERASMUS’ GREEK NEW TESTAMENT AT 500 YEARS CURATED BY RICHARD M. ADAMS, JR. JULY 15, 2016 — SEPT 15, 2016 PITTS THEOLOGY LIBRARY 1 A Most Perilous Journey: Erasmus’ Greek New Testament at 500 Years “I have edited the New Five hundred years ago, the great Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus Testament, and much of Rotterdam (1466-1536) published the first Greek New Testament besides; and in order to and a new Latin translation, a landmark event in the development do a service to the reading of the Bible and a sign of the emphasis on returning ad fontes (“to public I have thought the sources”) that characterized developing reforms of the church. nothing of a most perilous This exhibit celebrates the milestone by displaying all five editions of journey, nothing of the Erasmus’ Greek New Testament produced during his lifetime, allowing expense, nothing at all of visitors to trace how the text changed over the decades of Erasmus’ the toils in which I have work. Alongside these rare Erasmus editions, items in the exhibit worn out a great part of highlight the changing form of the Bible in the sixteenth century my health and life itself.” and the development of Erasmus as a scholar and his philological and theological work in this critical time of reform. In response to receiving Erasmus’ first edition of the Greek New Testament, his friend John Colet (1466-1519), Dean at St. Paul’s Cathedral, wrote, “The name of Erasmus shall never perish.” We welcome you to this exhibit, celebrating the fact that after 500 years the sentiment remains strong. -
The Intellectual Properties of Learning
The Intellectual Properties of Learning The Intellectual Properties of Learning A Prehistory from Saint Jerome to John Locke JOHN WILLINSKY The University of Chicago Press chicago and london The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2017 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission, except in the case of brief quotations in critical articles and reviews. For more information, contact the University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th St., Chicago, IL 60637. Published 2017 Printed in the United States of America 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1 2 3 4 5 isbn- 13: 978- 0- 226- 48792- 2 (cloth) isbn- 13: 978- 0- 226- 48808- 0 (e- book) doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226488080.001.0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Willinsky, John, 1950– author. Title: The intellectual properties of learning : a prehistory from Saint Jerome to John Locke / John Willinsky. Description: Chicago ; London : The University of Chicago Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2017038019 | isbn 9780226487922 (cloth : alk. paper) | isbn 9780226488080 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Learning and scholarship—History. | Learned institutions and societies—History. | Intellectual property. | Universities and colleges— Europe—History. Classification: lcc az231 .W 55 2018 | ddc 001.2—dc23 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017038019 ♾ This paper meets the requirements