Pune Rapid Assessment
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RAPID ASSESSMENTS OF FIVE INDIAN CITIES PUNE Contributing to: 1 Published 2nd November 2017 at a national workshop entitled “District Energy in Cities Initiative in India” - launching the Initiative’s activities in India and announcing the pilot city of Thane. Report authors: Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency (C2E2): Dr. Zhuolun Chen ICLEI: Nikhil Kolsepatil, Keshav Jha, Tejas Shinde, Soumya Chaturvedula, Emani Kumar UN Environment: Benjamin Hickman, Parimita Mohanty, Lily Riahi Reviewers and contributors: The Carbon Trust. Danfoss. Dr. Alaa Olama. Empower. Energy Efficiency Services Limited. International Finance Corporation. Thermax. Consultations between the project team and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Ministry of Power, Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the Bureau for Energy Efficiency proved invaluable in designing the District Energy in Cities Initiative’s activities in India and the approach and methodology for undertaking district energy assessments in Indian cities. The project team appreciates the vision shown by the Pune Municipal Corporation for agreeing to be a part of the District Energy in Cities Initiative. We are grateful for all the support extended by the Municipal Corporation and its departments to this exercise, in particular the Water Supply Department, Electrical Department, Town Planning Department, Buildings Department. We extend our sincere thanks to administrators, government departments and stakeholders including the Pune Smart City Development Corporation Limited, Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited – Pune office, Prayas (Energy Group), R.S Kulkarni and Associates, Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE) - Pune Chapter, Panchshil Realty, Amanora Park Town, Magarpatta City, AG Constructions, and Pune Premium Properties, whose inputs and contribution to data collection have been invaluable to the successful completion of the district cooling rapid assessment in Pune and the compilation of this document. The Initiative The District Energy in Cities Initiative is a multi-stakeholder partnership coordinated by UN Environment, with financial support from the Global Environment Facility and the Governments of Denmark and Italy. As one of six accelerators of the Sustainable Energy of All (SEforAll) Energy Efficiency Accelerator Platform, the Initiative is supporting market transformation efforts to shift the heating and cooling sector to energy efficient and renewable energy solutions. Over 46 organizations, including industry associations, manufacturers, utilities, financiers, non-government groups, as well as 45 champion cities across the world have partnered with the District Energy in Cities Initiative to support local and national governments implement district energy policies, programs and project pipelines that will accelerate investment in modern district energy systems. India is one of the pilot cities in India and Thane, the Initiative’s first pilot city in India, was selected as a result of these rapid assessments. The Initiative is working in partnership with Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), the National Coordinating Agency of the Initiative in India. For more information and contact details please visit districtenergyinitiative.org 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8 2. Background on district cooling ................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Scope and approaches of the rapid assessment .............................................................. 10 3. City Overview........................................................................................................................... 11 3.1. Introduction to the City ................................................................................................... 11 3.2. Location and Natural Environment .................................................................................. 12 3.2.1. Geographical Location ................................................................................................ 12 3.2.2. Climate ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.3. Soil Conditions ............................................................................................................ 15 3.2.4. Surface and Groundwater Availability ......................................................................... 15 3.2.5. Air Quality .................................................................................................................. 17 3.2.6. Energy consumption ................................................................................................... 18 3.2.7. Greenhouse gas emissions .......................................................................................... 18 3.3. Socio Economic Status .................................................................................................... 18 3.3.1. Population .................................................................................................................. 18 3.3.2. Local Economy and Real Estate Growth ...................................................................... 19 4. Stakeholder Mapping ............................................................................................................... 21 5. City Strategies and Initiatives ................................................................................................... 27 5.1. Pune Smart City .............................................................................................................. 28 5.2. Pune’s Solar City Master Plan .......................................................................................... 33 5.3. Pune’s Voluntary Initiatives ............................................................................................. 35 6. Local Policies and Legal Framework ......................................................................................... 38 6.1. Planning Authority and Framework ................................................................................. 38 6.2. Building Regulations & Certifications ............................................................................... 44 6.3. Legislation relating to Space Cooling ............................................................................... 47 6.4. Incentives and Subsidies ................................................................................................. 49 6.5. Demonstration Projects .................................................................................................. 50 6.6. Project Financing ............................................................................................................ 51 7. Applicable Business Models for District Cooling ....................................................................... 53 8. Barrier Analysis for implementation of District Cooling in Pune ................................................ 55 9. Space Cooling in Pune .............................................................................................................. 57 9.1. The eXtent of air-conditioning in Pune ............................................................................ 57 9.2. The operation of air-conditioning in Pune ....................................................................... 59 3 9.3. Impacts of cooling on electricity consumption ................................................................ 62 9.4. Sector-wise Analysis of Cooling Demand ......................................................................... 65 10. Opportunities for District Cooling in Pune ........................................................................... 69 10.1. Real estate development ................................................................................................ 69 10.2. Prospects of renewable and innovative technologies ...................................................... 71 11. Techno-economic analyses of district cooling in Pune ......................................................... 72 11.1. Development of evaluation tool ...................................................................................... 72 11.2. Assumptions used in Pune .............................................................................................. 74 11.3. Analysis of generic project archetype .............................................................................. 78 11.4. Selection of Probable Project Sites .................................................................................. 80 11.5. Site 1: Aundh-Baner-Balewadi Area (brownfield/redevelopment) ................................... 80 11.5.1. Site 1: Collected data and site details ...................................................................... 81 11.5.2. Site 1: How district cooling could be developed in the Aundh-Baner-Balewadi Area 82 11.6. Site 2: Blue Ridge, Hinjewadi (Brownfield site) ................................................................ 89 11.6.1. Site 2: Collected data and site details ...................................................................... 89 11.6.2. Site 2: Delivering district cooling in IT townships and SEZs .....................................