S,s. ,^ ,M-,td rally'.; •••? /''?'„ •"•'":X-, . "t^ To Mum 12a i •5 \ 'f^ P •: • o c1« <> ^jLine vlH ••^''^ m ^j ,, ^^ , Mula Mutha river NH-i Vi.- €»JIFTBI3 Chapter - 3 Study area, Data base and Methodology Data is the backbone of any research Pune the city, selected for the study of urban sprawling is one of the fast developing urban agglomerations in Asia and ranks eight at national level (Census 2001). It has grown manifolds over the past two decades in terms of population, area and habitation. The city limits have expanded considerably and areas like Aundh, Kothrud and others were mere villages a decade ago have emerged as one of the fastest growing suburbs. From the cosmopolitan areas of the camp to the traditional city area and the Deccan- the educational hub, Pune in all of its localities offers everything a society needs. The growth and development of the city is likely to continue in the coming decades and therefore there will be a need for judicious planning and management, while improving the existing infrastructural facilities. In order to monitor this rapid development, it is essential to go for modem tools and sophisticated techniques such as Remote Sensing and GIS, to prepare and continuously update the existing land use maps and other relevant informations. 3.1 Geographical setting: Pune city lies between latitudes 18°25'N and 18°37'N and longitudes between 73°44'E and 73° 57'E and cover an area of 243.96 sq.km. It is located in a saucer shaped basin at an average altitude of 560m from m.s.l. Surrounded by a series of low hills at different altitudes, Pune lies in a slight hollow on the banks of the rivers Mula and Mutha, on the Deccan Plateau. The ground slope rises gradually from the river, with RL 530 mtr (1750 ft) towards the hills with the highest RL 697 mtr (2300 ft) at the Vetal Hill. The slopes become steeper close to the hills. The topography of the region consists of hills, undulating lands, river plains etc. There is a continuous hill range on the south of the study area, which is a part of the Western Ghats. Geologically this area overlain by the Deccan trap (The volcanic plateau formed through fissure eruptions during upper cretaceous period, with step like slope is called Deccan trap). Geomorphologically, the land on the North of the Khadakwasla 41 dam is a valley fill. Similar a valley fill is located on the east, along the Mula -Mutha River. These are fertile lands having 8 feet deep topsoil. Due to the presence of numerous gullies, the plateau is dissected. The slope analysis reveals that the land between Mula-Mutha River and Mutha right bank canal has 0-3% slopes. These are rolling lands with gentle slopes towards river. Similarly land adjacent to the Mula River on the west has 0-3% slope. These are suitable lands for agriculture. On the south and West, the slopes vary from 6%-12%, 12-25% and more than 25%. In the south, apart from a small pocket of land adjacent to the Khadakwasla dam most of the lands have more than 6% slopes. Hill slopes start from 25% and above are present on the south and west of the study area (Sharad Mahajan, 2002). Lying between the Indrayani River in the north and Katraj Lake in the south, the city is very fortunate in having a number of rivers flowing through it. The Mutha River enters the city from southwest, the Mula River from northwest and the Pawna River from the north. The old city of Pune, and the cantonment area are situated on the right bank of Mutha River. At the southwestern comer of the area is the Khadakwasla Lake. River Mutha flowing off this lake traverses through the area with a northeasterly course having the villages Khadakwasla, Nanded, Wadgaon Bk., and Hingne Khurd. The valleys on its southern bank are Kopre, Kondhave Dhavade, Shivane and Warje is on its northern bank. Beyond village Hingne Khurd, the river flows with a northwesterly course through the city of Pune, which changes to a westerly course after its confluence with Mula. To the west of Dapodi, the Mula and the Pawna join the Mutha River near the Sangam Bridge and these rivers then take an almost eastward course and leave the study area on the east of Mundhawa village. Pune has a very good water supply coming from the three dams at Panshet, Varasgaon and Khadakwasla constructed on the Mutha River. 3.1.1 Climate The climate of Pune is typical monsoon. The temperature ranges from 15°C to 35°C. Except for a brief spell in summer, it is pleasant through out the year. The average rainfall is 70 cm with most rain falling during the southwest monsoon period i.e., from June to September. During southwest monsoon period, the Arabian Sea current of southwest monsoon gives comparatively less rainfall than Mumbai as Pune is situated in the leeward side of westernghats. 42 ^ ,4 -^ •••/J \ r?^ J] C3 c Id o c .o 5 o S- t o s 00 CD O 3 O C/3 INDIA • MAHARASHTRA AAAHARASHTRA - PUNE DISTRICT PUNE DISTRICT- PUNE CITY N T T Fig 3.2 Study area - Pune city 44 0) > c 03 E c ^ 0 S 2 CO CD 0 3 0) ^ 3 ;o CL CO 'n* Q) -ii: H _CD CD c E to c £: 0 CD H CD Q. 0 IT} !5 •0 CO C/3 ^ 3 m ^ O ^ CM m c o o CO CD o> J£ _co ^CoD CO' ^ CO T— ffi CD > 0 CD 3 jr 0 •3 0 IS •5 0 0 0 >. '^ E CD t^ T3 0 CD C2. 0 CD <CD C 0 0 C CD CD Ol CD Q 0 ID _I c at 0 CO Z s CM > CD E 3 CO •0 :5 00 CO (J) CO 5 E CO CD •0 01 CO C .n. CD -^ cn '" r^ _l Plate 3. 2 FCC of study area extracted from IRS 1 D LISS III Image 46 Plate 3. 3 IRS P 6 LISS IV Image with Pune City Boundary 47 '• ^«r'i, T stem J Plate 3. 4 FCC of Study area extracted from IRS P 6 LISS IV Image 48 1 1 73° 45' 73° 55' 18° 1—.- A /Sangamwadi 18° 35' \ 35' r y^ • Kirkee Yerwada \ cant Aundi Ghole ^ ^^ Road Dhdepatil Road / —) Kasba ) Peth f KatveRoad B^avani Pune f-Peth 1 Cant 18° 18° \ 30' ^ Hadapsar /- 30' \ Warje ^^l^^l / /\ ^m ^^H Bibvewadi \ Tllak ««i^ ^^ife- / I I Sahakanagar 1 N 5 Km 73° 45' 73° 55' 1 1 Fig 3. 3 Administrative wards of Pune City 49 Fig 3.4 Fringe Villages (Newly added to PMC limit) of Pune City 1. Balewadi 9, Wadgaon Budruk 17. Mohammadwadi 2. Baner 10. Ambegaon Khurd 18. Hadapsar (partly) 3. Bavdhan Khurd 11. Hingne Khurd 19. Kharadi 4. Warje 12. Dhankawadi 20. Wadgaon sheri 5. Shivne (Partly) 13. Katraj 21. Kalas 6. Kothrud (Partly) 14. Kondhwa Budruk 22 Dhanori 7. Wadgaon Khurd 15. Kondhwa Khurd 23 Ambegaon Budruk 8. Dhayari 16. Undri (Partly) 50 73" 45' 73° 55' J 8° Pavrfa river 18° 35' 35' Pashan lutha river <e Sangap JI8° Q>1 Muthf right bank carta! 30' A^" ^^;^ Katrej lake I 5 Km 73° 45' 73° 55' I Fig 3.5 Rivers and Lakes of Pune City 51 I 1 73" 45' 73° 55' _18» Sangamwadi 18° 35' 35'' Kirkee Yerwada cant Ghole Road Dhoie patil Road Kasba Peth Karve Road Bhavani Pune Peth Cant J8» 30" Had Bibvewadi Tilak Road Satiakanag C inag^^ N T Jkm 73» 45' 73° 55' Bevation Range in Mtrs ^B 700 - 720 I I 640-660 I I 580-600 pn 680 - 700 I I 620-640 CZl 560-580 I I 660 - 680 I I 600-620 IH 540 - 560 Fig 3.6 Relief Map of Pune City 52 /\/ Railway line /\/ Major roads Fig 3.7 Transportation Map of Pune City (With relief features as background) 53 Plate 3.5 Mula River Plate 3.6 Mutha River Plate 3.7 Khadakwasia Dam 54 Plate 3.8 Sangam of Mula and Mutha rivers Plate 3.9 Pashan Lake Plate 3.10 Katraj Lake 55 I 1 73° 45' 73° 55' 18° '35' 35' 18° 18_° 30' 30' /N 5 Km 73M5' 73° 55' I I Fig 3.8 Pune City - Its Neighbourhoods (Relief and Traasp<irtation lines are shuwn in the background) 56 3.2 Familiarization of study area: To acquaint the reader with the environment of the study area, the city was divided into seven neighbourhoods and each one was briefly described to understand the morphology and land use pattern in general. 3.2.1 City: The area of the old city also called the gaothan area is the original nucleus of Pune city. The city area comprises 18 peths or wadas named after the days of the week such as, Mangalwar peth, Somwar peth, Kasba peth, Narayan peth, Ganesh peth, Bhavani peth, Guruwar peth. Nana peth, Shaniwar peth, Ravivar peth, Budhwar peth, Navi peth and Sadashiv peth. Bibewadi, Market yard and Shankersheth, and Satara road are later extensions. There are also bazaars that dot the city and are held on specific days of the week. These weekly gatherings function like periodic markets, where fruits, vegetables, spice, and garments are sold here. Traditional architecture like Vishram Baug wada and the British style Phule market co-exist in the city area. Comprising of areas from Navi peth, Swargate till Bhavani peth, Bibewadi and Katrej, it includes busy thoroughfares like Laxmi road, Tilak road, Shankarsheth road and Satara road.