CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION OF METROPOLITAN REGION (PMR) CHAPTER II

INTRODUCTION OF (PMR)

2.1. General introduction of PMR

2.2. Physiography

2.3 Climate

2.4 Soil

2.5 Hubs of the city

2.6. Population

2.7. Landuse pattern

2.8. Industries

2.9. Occupational structure

2.10. Residential zone

2.11. Trade and commerce

2.12. Intracity and intercity transportation facility

2.13. Pune's economy

2.14. Resume CHAPTER H INTRODUCTION OF PUNE METROPOLITAN REGION 2.1. Introduction: Fast growth, in terms of population and industries has become unique features of this metropolitan city. Obviously, it has shown great deal of impact on social, political and economic setup of the region. The development of this region has its roots in its geographical set up. Therefore present study attempting to understand impact of IT industry should start with geographical set up of the region. 2.2. General introduction of PMR: Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR) consists of Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), Municipal Corporation (PCMC), (PCB), and Cantonment Board (KCB), Cantoment Board (DCB) and villages having area of 1,340 Km2 in Haveli Tehsil of according to 2001 census. (Fig. No. 2.01. 2.03) 2.3. Physiography: The location of the region in absolute terms can be described as between 18° 25' N and 18° 37' N latitudes and 73° 44' E and 73° 57'E longitudes. The city is situated at the western margin of the Deccan plateau which lies on the leeward side of the Sahyadries. The mean sea level is from 500 to 1400m. This historical town Pune has favourable site at the confluence of Mula and Mutha rivers. These rivers along with two other rivers viz. Pavana and Indrayani are responsible for bringing the water resource to the region from heavy rainfall areas of western ghat. The area is the part of upper Bhima basin. The highest point within the city is the (800 m) whereas the highest point of the urban area is the fort (1400 m). It may be interesting to include the description of physiographic features of the region. This is briefly given below. 2.3.1. The Northern Low Lying Hills: As observed in the figure (Fig. No. 2.02) the steeply sloping hills are observed near Dhanori, Lohgaon, Keshanala. The hilly area is popularly known as a Dighi fringe range. The rest of the hills on the northern side of the slope of gentle sloping hills with the average relative relief are only 300-400 ft and the height is upto 3000 ft. The hills are made up of Basaltic rock.

'15 2.3.2. Southern hill ranges: The southern boundary of the study area is characterized by the continuous hill range. These hill ranges have steep to gentle slopes. The altitude varies between 560 and 640 mts. 2.3.3 South western ranges: The south western ranges act as the divider between Mula- in the north and Shivganga basin in the south. This range is marked by plateaux which has a great historical background. This is called as Sinhgad, a famous tourist spot near Pune city. This region also has the number of deep valleys with narrow valley base. This area has a number of spurs and valleys adding the beauty of the landscape. ( Fig.No.2.02) 2.3.4. Plain region: Apart from southern hilly ranges rest of the city area is almost plain. This is the reverine plain of Mula-Mutha and Pavana. Mula-Mutha river is meandering within the Pune city and then flowing towards east. The soil cover all along the areas of Pune and PMC is good and hence the city is having beautiful parks and good tree cover. The growth of both the cities have been observed to be in the flood plain regions e.g. , Vadgaon etc. The eastern part of industrial area has been developed and in the recent past IT Parks have been developed. Northern plain region is occupied by Pimpri-Chinchwad area later on because a big industrial town. The villages on north western side in the plain interrupted by small hills have attracted the IT industries. It may be remarked here that the topography drainage and other site factors have been favourable in historical period as well as in the recent past to allow the growth of PMR in various directions controlled by topography. It may be stated here that the shape of the region is mainly governed by the topographic factors.(Fig. No.2.04) 2.4. Climate: Climate of the city can be considered as pleasant because of maximum temperature in the month of May is less than 40° C and winters are not severe. This region lying in the monsoon semi arid zone and hence marked by the vegetation cover ranging from moist deciduous to dry deciduous. It receives rainfall from June to September. Annual average rainfall is about 700 mm according to IMD. '16 -r Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) of Pune Metropolitan Region

o '3

Legend Height in meters (ASL)

<500 500 - 550 | 550-600 m 600-650 •• •

1 —1 1 1 1 73°45'0"E 73°48'30"E 73°52'0"E 73o55'30nE 73°59'0"E

(Fig. No. 2.02)

'17 Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR) based on SOI Toposheet (1980)

0 2.5 5Km

1 1 1 1 73°45'0"E 73°48'30"E 73°52'0"E 73°55'30"E 73°59'0"E

(Fig. no. 2.03)

'18 2.5. Soils: The soils of this region belong broadly to three classes black, red and brown. The soils on the hill slopes are poor, shallow and grow only inferior millets. Mostly on the hill slopes soil are reddish brown and yellowish brown. The black soil is mainly found along the river bank and the streams. 2.6. Hubs of the city: Occupationally Pune is diversified metropolitan city with industrial and commercial activities and high profile regarding defence, educational and administrative services. The original old city shows importance even if expansions have been observed extensively. It is also the hub for market centre for agriculture goods grown in the district as well as in the distant areas. It is wholesale market centre for agriculture goods. Pune is an historical city showing the remnants of old rulers like . Temples on the , Chatushringi hills etc. are the places like , Shaniwarwada the visible signs of old rulers. Osho international commune has been established about 30 years back. Thus the city has a great historical and administrative backgrounds and the advantage of nearness to one of the oldest industrial centre of that is Mumbai. Obviously the expansion of Mumbai industrial centers has chosen the city as its supporting industrial area beyond . Eventually Pune became industrial hub to cater the services to Region and establish interaction not only to Indian cities but also to the cities in the western developed area. Its international status has attracted by many multinational corporate who have chosen Pune, as the profitable investment centre. With this background Pune has been developed as IT hubs. This has geared up the growth of PMR in all possible directions, even beyond the southern Hill ranges. It has one important locational advantage of having larger hinterland with high level of accessibility. In the last three decades it is emerge as the city of great opportunities and hence an important social, economic, political and cultural centre in the state and the country as well. 2.7. Population: Extraordinary growth of population is well appreciated in the fifth chapter. Here in this part of the report attempt has been made to give brief idea of population in different regions of PMR according to census 2001. ^19 Relief Map Of Study Area

/j 0%V

'

/&> ' *\^^^ ( \^wu

mSL1^ L2£j^5^ ^^> p* ^/^j^t,

/^^^^^^y^^•r-v ^VTSKSR?' C^^ny fir*8L ^$^^>r Jw&}^ l xr^rH^Sfii^^Ji

N Legend A Contours 0 2.5 5 Km. • = 20 meter 1 i i

1 1 1 1— 1 ' 73°45'0"E 73°48'30"E 73°52'0"E 73°55'30"E 73°59'0"E

(Fig. no. 2.04)

'20 The Pune city gradually expanded during the British rule with the formation of Pune Municipality and the establishment of Pune, Khadki and Dehuroad cantonments. After the post independence period the city expanded explosively. The physical growth of the city in the 180 yrs? period (1817-1997), from a mere SKnvto 669.30 Km2which is 130 times the original area. Between 1991 & 2001, Pune's urban population has grown from 25 lakh to 37 lakh and reached to about 50 lakh in 2011 (Census 2011). Population of Pune Municipal Corporation has reached to 31 lakh where as in Pimpri Chinchwad it is 17 lakh in 2011 (Census 2011). 2.8. Landuse pattern: Pune metropolitan region was established in July, 1967. Pune urban area or agglomeration as recognized by central government includes the areas under Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad corporations. Pune, Khadki and Dehu cantonments and a few semi-urbanized villages on the periphery. The total Pune urban area is about 669.3 s Km2 The total area of Pune metropolitan region is 1605 Km2 The study area is Pune Metropolitan area. The area, under settlement has increased 2-4 times during the period of 30 yrs. The areas under agriculture and grassland-scrubs have been decreased by 31% and 39% respectively. The area under hills and forest and some hill slopes are encroached by the settlements. This shows that the increasing population of Pune city has created a lot of pressure on available land in the city. Thus, the expansions of the city's limits are increasing and adjacent villages are merging into the PMC limit. In 1997, 23 villages had been added to the old municipal limit and the total area of Pune city had increased from 145.92 a; krn to 243.96 ^ km2: The landuse pattern shows that around 43 % area is residential, 2% under commercial zone, 4% under industrial zone and 16% under public, semi public and recreational zone. Inspite of rules banning the construction activity on hill tops and slopes the encroachment of settlement in such areas has been observed in the last decade. This indicates the pressure of growth on environmentally sensitive areas. (Table No.2.01) 2.9. Industries: At present the Industrial development is concentrated in the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) area. All the state, central, semi-government offices and commercial centers with high population density are located in Pune city. Besides

21 Table No. 2.01 I a ml use Pattern of PMR 2001 Sr. No. Land use Pattern 2001 Area in (%) 1 Residential 42.52 2 Commercial 1.61 3 Industrial 4.05 4 Public and semipublic 6.83 5 Public utilities 0.57 6 Transport 13.04 7 Reserve forest and Agriculture 11.91 8 Water bodies 5.95 9 Hills and Hill slopes 5.11 10 Recreational 8.41 Total 100 (Source: Census 2001)

LANDUSE PATTERN 2001

• Residential _^m^^ • Commercial a Industrial

a Public and semipublic ^1 • Public utilities ^^5 • Transport ^^% ^^ /\ / • Reserve forest and \ / \ / Agriculture \ 1 \\ / D Water bodies • Hills and Hill slopes V/JV^ • Recreational

(Fig. No. 2.05)

22 Table no. 2.02. Industries in PMR Sr. Industrial Area Completion Area Zoning Distance Sector no. Status Ha. PSI from Pune. Km. 1 Pimpri Chinchwad 100% 1225 A 18 Auto, Auto MDC components

2 Rajiv Gandhi Info 100% 87 A 15 IT, ITES Tech Park Hinjewadi Phase-I 3 Rajiv Gandhi Info 80% 218 A 16- BT Teeh Park Hinjewadi / Phase-H

4 Rajiv Gandhi Info 0% land 350 A 16 IT, ITES Tech Park Hinjewadi acquisition / Phase-IH(SEZ) in process 5 Rajiv Gandhi Info Proposed 400 A 16/ IT, ITES Tech Park Hinjewadi Phase-IV 6 knowledge 100% 27 A PMC Software Park

7 Talawade Info Tech 60% 75 A 18 IT Park /

8 Talegaon floriculture NA B 37 . Floriculture Park

9 industrial 40% 925 C 55^. White goods area 10 Chakan industrial 40% 258 C 30 Auto, Auto area components

11 Jejuri NA 118 C 48 Mixed profile

12 Bharat forge SEZ Proposed 1800 *• 40 Auto, Auto components

(Source: MIDC Pune 2009)

23 Pune Municipal Corporation Area (PMC) and the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC), the Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR) also includes the Cantonment Boards of Pune, Khadki and Dehu. The growth of the various industries in Pune is the major reason of the growth of PMC. The proposed industrial establishments in and around PMR (Fig. No. 2.06). IT parks are located in the outskirts of PMC and PCMC area. PCMC is a house of majority of the industries. Pimpri-Chinchwad is the major industrial zone which is at the periphery of Pune Metropolitan Region. The development of PCMC as auto hubs is attributed to the active industrial setups of about 3200 production units. During the period of 1962- 1990. Bajaj, Tata Motors, DGP Hinoday, Philips India Ltd. and Centura Enka were the some of the high manufacturing companies which facilitated the development of Pune City and Pune Municipal Corporation region. Hadapsar, Kondhwa, Kharadi, Wadgaonsheri (Pune Nagar Highway road) are the industrial locations in Pune city. The manufacturing industries are located at Hadapsar and Kondhwa and the IT industries are located in the Kalyaninagar, Hadapsar (Cyber city ), Kharadi, and Wadgaonsheri. 2.10. Occupational structure: Occupation structure is changed from secondary to tertiary and quaternary activities from primary activities. Industries, trade and commerce activities and number of educational centers in Pune attract people from the other states of India and other countries, into the city. After 19j)0_jndustrialization was the major reason for the growth of population in PMC and PCMC region and the establishment of Information Technology (IT) industry in the last decade.(Table No. 2.03) Table No. 2.03 Workforce participation of PMR - sector wise Sr.No Sector 2001 (%)

1 Primary Sector 1.32 ^

2 Household Industry 3.28

3 Other Workers . 95.4 "

Total Main Workers 100

(Source: Census 2001) 24 73°45'0"E 73«48'30"E 73°52'0"E 73°55'30"E 73°59'0"E (Fig. no. 2.06)

25 Workforce participation ratio for PMC at 34.08% (Census 2001) has shown an increase from 1991 (Table 2.02). Since category wise break up of workforce participation is not available for Census 2001, Census 1991 figures are evaluated here. Employment is mainly seen in the service sector, which also includes IT sector, (30 % of the total working population) followed by manufacturing and processing industry (25 %) and trade and commerce activities (22 %). 2.11. Residential zone: During the period of 1817 to 1997 the Pune urban area has grown from 5 Krn^_ to 669.3 Km2. According to 2001, about 43% of total area of Pune Metropolitan region is under residential. The residential areas in PMC limit divided into three groups viz. The central city, the suburban areas and the fringe villages. The central city area was used for residential and mixed with the other uses viz. commerce, administration, and small scale industries. Due to increasing population redevelopment plan was proposed in which 23 fringe villages were merged in the PMC limits in 1997. In all the rapidly growing urban centers where there expected rate of migration causing great demand for living space. To meet the needs and solving the problem of space is a new problem faced by the government is speedy migration and great demand for living space made available. The problem of space is growing seriously every day. The pressure on basic amenities and the high occupancy rate are also noted in the area. The central city was famous for Wada house structure is now replaced by the new modern cement buildings. The land values in PMC limits are soaring. The new modern designs of townships with the modern amenities have been introduced and developed because of the demand of the people. 2.12. Trade and commerce: A large proportion of the city's population thrives on wholesale and retail trade and commerce. The city serves as the regional wholesale market for food grains and other commodities. It also serves as the market centre for agricultural produce such as green peas, wheat, rice, pulses, oilseeds, maize, etc., which are cultivated in the rural hinterland. Pune also functions as a distributing centre for agricultural implements, fertilizers, drugs and medicines, iron and steel, cement and minerals,, petroleum products and forest products such as timber, and readymade garments and textiles. Presently, Central Business District (CBD) comprises areas of Camp (MG Road, East Road), , Laxmi road (Tilak Road, Bajirao Road), , 26 Shivajinagar, Deccan, FC Road, JM Road, and Ahmednagar Road. Main commercial activities observed in these areas are corporate offices or headquarters for manufacturing and service units, business process outsourcing centers, call centers, banking, insurance, retail trading, shopping malls, entertainment, cinema theatres, health services, educational institutions, hotels and restaurants etc. 2.13. Intracity and intercity transportation facility: -"Presently the city's transport requirements are managed by Pune Municipal Transport (PMT) and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Transport (PCMT). PMT and PCMT operate 849 buses and 212 buses respectively in PMR (as of March 31st, 2004). In addition of the above, about 7,500 buses (as on March 31st, 2002) are registered in Pune to cater to the needs of a large number of industries, offices, and the nearby region. About 6 lakhs passenger trips per day are catered by public transport. Large numbers of auto-rickshaws 57086 also operate in the city to cater to the intra-city travel needs of passengers. An auto rickshaw is a substitute to serve areas or localities with inadequate bus service and they offer a relatively cheap source of transport. 'Pune is well-connected by rail to Mumbai, Hyderabad, , Miraj- Kolhapur, and Goa. Such rail services are also used by people to work to nearby places. The Mumbai Pune Express way connects the commercial and cultural capital of India. Pune is also well-connected by air via Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, and Bangalore. The airport is situated at Lohgaon area, about 10 km from the city. The small but well maintained airport operates about 20 ^ arrivals and 20 departures domestic flights every day. It also has international flights, operated by Air India to Dubai and India to Singapore. Pune is serviced by Air Sahara, Jet Airways, Spice Jet, Air Deccan and Indian Airlines for Pune-Mumbai, Pune-Banglore, Pune-Delhi, Pune-Ahemdabad, Pune- Hyderabad, Pune-Chennai sectors. 2.14. Pune's economy: Pune is the 8th metropolitan city of India and the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai. Presently Pune is emerging as a pioneer educational hub with the well equipped educational facilities. Majority of the population is Hindu. Pune represent the centre of Maharashtrian culture. IT is the place where cultural

27 Transportation Network in Pune Metropolitan Region

to

Legend •X" Airport Main Roads MM Railway Line Major Rivers

1 1 1 73°45'0"E 73°48'30"E 73°52'0"E 73°55'30"E 73°59'0"E (Fig. no. 2.07)

2S values and modernization goes hands in hands. Pune is upcoming as the most developed centre for IT development, widens the gates for new employment opportunities and every year huge number of people from different parts of city and the world come here with different hopes and wishes. So the cultural diversity is observed in the city. Pune has encouraged the establishment the industrial centre for automobile industry. Bajaj Auto, Tata Motors, Kinetic Engineering and many other industries are located here. The development of IT sector in India opens the doors for development of software industries at Pune. Various major Indian software companies have their office located at Pune like TCS, Infosys, Wipro^Satyam, KPIT Cummins, Persistent Systems and Kanbay Software have their branches in Pune. Pune also known as 'Tech City' and progressing in the business and service sector. The growing population increasing the demand of houses. The market of residential and commercial sector is growing. Real estate in Pune was developed because of the development in commercial, residential or retail sector. Pune is the educational hub with the many Government and Private institutes and universities and also popular for its cultural activities like Classical Music, Spirituality,Drama, Sports, Literature, Foreign language learning and Administrative, Economics, Social Science studies. 2.15. Resume: This chapter has documented some of the geographical aspects of the study area that is Pune Metropolitan Region. It is necessary to any geographical study to understand location physiographic and socio economic set up of the study area. This chapter has given the idea regarding physiographic location, climate, soil, landuse pattern, transportation, industries, occupation structure etc. The data regarding area under various urban functions has been used to compute availability per capita area in each functional zones such indices have been computed for PMC, PCMC, DCB, KCB, PCB and the comparison of such indices is also useful for further studies. With this preliminary background of the study area the present work should also understand establishment and growth of IT industry in the region will be presented in the next chapter.

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