CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION OF PUNE METROPOLITAN REGION (PMR) CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION OF PUNE METROPOLITAN REGION (PMR) 2.1. General introduction of PMR 2.2. Physiography 2.3 Climate 2.4 Soil 2.5 Hubs of the city 2.6. Population 2.7. Landuse pattern 2.8. Industries 2.9. Occupational structure 2.10. Residential zone 2.11. Trade and commerce 2.12. Intracity and intercity transportation facility 2.13. Pune's economy 2.14. Resume CHAPTER H INTRODUCTION OF PUNE METROPOLITAN REGION 2.1. Introduction: Fast growth, in terms of population and industries has become unique features of this metropolitan city. Obviously, it has shown great deal of impact on social, political and economic setup of the region. The development of this region has its roots in its geographical set up. Therefore present study attempting to understand impact of IT industry should start with geographical set up of the region. 2.2. General introduction of PMR: Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR) consists of Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC), Pune Cantonment Board (PCB), and Khadki Cantonment Board (KCB), Dehu Cantoment Board (DCB) and villages having area of 1,340 Km2 in Haveli Tehsil of Pune district according to 2001 census. (Fig. No. 2.01. 2.03) 2.3. Physiography: The location of the region in absolute terms can be described as between 18° 25' N and 18° 37' N latitudes and 73° 44' E and 73° 57'E longitudes. The city is situated at the western margin of the Deccan plateau which lies on the leeward side of the Sahyadries. The mean sea level is from 500 to 1400m. This historical town Pune has favourable site at the confluence of Mula and Mutha rivers. These rivers along with two other rivers viz. Pavana and Indrayani are responsible for bringing the water resource to the region from heavy rainfall areas of western ghat. The area is the part of upper Bhima basin. The highest point within the city is the Vetal hill (800 m) whereas the highest point of the urban area is the Sinhagad fort (1400 m). It may be interesting to include the description of physiographic features of the region. This is briefly given below. 2.3.1. The Northern Low Lying Hills: As observed in the figure (Fig. No. 2.02) the steeply sloping hills are observed near Dhanori, Lohgaon, Keshanala. The hilly area is popularly known as a Dighi fringe range. The rest of the hills on the northern side of the slope of gentle sloping hills with the average relative relief are only 300-400 ft and the height is upto 3000 ft. The hills are made up of Basaltic rock. '15 2.3.2. Southern hill ranges: The southern boundary of the study area is characterized by the continuous hill range. These hill ranges have steep to gentle slopes. The altitude varies between 560 and 640 mts. 2.3.3 South western ranges: The south western ranges act as the divider between Mula-Mutha river in the north and Shivganga basin in the south. This range is marked by plateaux which has a great historical background. This is called as Sinhgad, a famous tourist spot near Pune city. This region also has the number of deep valleys with narrow valley base. This area has a number of spurs and valleys adding the beauty of the landscape. ( Fig.No.2.02) 2.3.4. Plain region: Apart from southern hilly ranges rest of the city area is almost plain. This is the reverine plain of Mula-Mutha and Pavana. Mula-Mutha river is meandering within the Pune city and then flowing towards east. The soil cover all along the areas of Pune and PMC is good and hence the city is having beautiful parks and good tree cover. The growth of both the cities have been observed to be in the flood plain regions e.g. Dhayari, Vadgaon etc. The eastern part of Hadapsar industrial area has been developed and in the recent past IT Parks have been developed. Northern plain region is occupied by Pimpri-Chinchwad area later on because a big industrial town. The villages on north western side in the plain interrupted by small hills have attracted the IT industries. It may be remarked here that the topography drainage and other site factors have been favourable in historical period as well as in the recent past to allow the growth of PMR in various directions controlled by topography. It may be stated here that the shape of the region is mainly governed by the topographic factors.(Fig. No.2.04) 2.4. Climate: Climate of the city can be considered as pleasant because of maximum temperature in the month of May is less than 40° C and winters are not severe. This region lying in the monsoon semi arid zone and hence marked by the vegetation cover ranging from moist deciduous to dry deciduous. It receives rainfall from June to September. Annual average rainfall is about 700 mm according to IMD. '16 -r Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) of Pune Metropolitan Region o '3 Legend Height in meters (ASL) <500 500 - 550 | 550-600 m 600-650 •• • 1 —1 1 1 1 73°45'0"E 73°48'30"E 73°52'0"E 73o55'30nE 73°59'0"E (Fig. No. 2.02) '17 Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR) based on SOI Toposheet (1980) 0 2.5 5Km 1 1 1 1 73°45'0"E 73°48'30"E 73°52'0"E 73°55'30"E 73°59'0"E (Fig. no. 2.03) '18 2.5. Soils: The soils of this region belong broadly to three classes black, red and brown. The soils on the hill slopes are poor, shallow and grow only inferior millets. Mostly on the hill slopes soil are reddish brown and yellowish brown. The black soil is mainly found along the river bank and the streams. 2.6. Hubs of the city: Occupationally Pune is diversified metropolitan city with industrial and commercial activities and high profile regarding defence, educational and administrative services. The original old city shows importance even if expansions have been observed extensively. It is also the hub for market centre for agriculture goods grown in the district as well as in the distant areas. It is wholesale market centre for agriculture goods. Pune is an historical city showing the remnants of old rulers like Peshwas. Temples on the Parvati hill, Chatushringi hills etc. are the places like Sarasbaug, Shaniwarwada the visible signs of old rulers. Osho international commune has been established about 30 years back. Thus the city has a great historical and administrative backgrounds and the advantage of nearness to one of the oldest industrial centre of India that is Mumbai. Obviously the expansion of Mumbai industrial centers has chosen the city as its supporting industrial area beyond Western Ghats. Eventually Pune became industrial hub to cater the services to Maharashtra Region and establish interaction not only to Indian cities but also to the cities in the western developed area. Its international status has attracted by many multinational corporate who have chosen Pune, as the profitable investment centre. With this background Pune has been developed as IT hubs. This has geared up the growth of PMR in all possible directions, even beyond the southern Katraj Hill ranges. It has one important locational advantage of having larger hinterland with high level of accessibility. In the last three decades it is emerge as the city of great opportunities and hence an important social, economic, political and cultural centre in the state and the country as well. 2.7. Population: Extraordinary growth of population is well appreciated in the fifth chapter. Here in this part of the report attempt has been made to give brief idea of population in different regions of PMR according to census 2001. ^19 Relief Map Of Study Area /j 0%V ' /&> ' *\^^^ ( \^wu mSL1^ L2£j^5^ ^^> p* ^/^j^t, /^^^^^^y^^•r-v ^VTSKSR?' C^^ny fir*8L ^$^^>r Jw&}^ l xr^rH^Sfii^^Ji N Legend A Contours 0 2.5 5 Km. • = 20 meter 1 i i 1 1 1 1— 1 ' 73°45'0"E 73°48'30"E 73°52'0"E 73°55'30"E 73°59'0"E (Fig. no. 2.04) '20 The Pune city gradually expanded during the British rule with the formation of Pune Municipality and the establishment of Pune, Khadki and Dehuroad cantonments. After the post independence period the city expanded explosively. The physical growth of the city in the 180 yrs? period (1817-1997), from a mere SKnvto 669.30 Km2which is 130 times the original area. Between 1991 & 2001, Pune's urban population has grown from 25 lakh to 37 lakh and reached to about 50 lakh in 2011 (Census 2011). Population of Pune Municipal Corporation has reached to 31 lakh where as in Pimpri Chinchwad it is 17 lakh in 2011 (Census 2011). 2.8. Landuse pattern: Pune metropolitan region was established in July, 1967. Pune urban area or agglomeration as recognized by central government includes the areas under Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad corporations. Pune, Khadki and Dehu cantonments and a few semi-urbanized villages on the periphery. The total Pune urban area is about 669.3 s Km2 The total area of Pune metropolitan region is 1605 Km2 The study area is Pune Metropolitan area. The area, under settlement has increased 2-4 times during the period of 30 yrs. The areas under agriculture and grassland-scrubs have been decreased by 31% and 39% respectively. The area under hills and forest and some hill slopes are encroached by the settlements.