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Zur Aktue Llen Diskussion Über Die Chomatenos-Akten Zu Stefan Nemanjić Und Seinem Bruder Sava

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Zur Aktue Llen Diskussion Über Die Chomatenos-Akten Zu Stefan Nemanjić Und Seinem Bruder Sava Зборник радова Византолошког института L, 2013 Recueil des travaux de l’Institut d’études byzantines L, 2013 UDC: 929.52:94](497.11)"12":930.1 DOI: 10.2298/ZRVI1350549P GÜNTER PRINZING (Gutenberg – Universität, Mainz) HATTE STEFAN I. VON SERBIEN EINE TOCHTER NAMENS KOMNENE? ZUR AKTUE LLEN DISKUSSION ÜBER DIE CHOMATENOS-AKTEN ZU STEFAN NEMANJIĆ UND SEINEM BRUDER SAVA Dieser Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit dem von Vlada Stanković verfassten Artikel „Stefan Nemanjić i njegov brat Sava u spisima Dimitrija Homatina“ (2012) auseinander. Anhand der Chomatenos-Akten (Nr. 1, 3,10,13 und 86) versuchte Stanković, neue Aufschlüsse darüber zu gewinnen, auf welche Weise und mit welchen Ergebnissen sich die politische und kirchliche Kommunikation zwischen Epiros und Serbien im Zeitraum 1215–1219/20 vollzog. Dabei gelangte er, wie die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, wiederholt zu voreiligen, fragwürdigen oder unhaltbaren Ergebnissen. Auch die von ihm – in kritischer Absicht – aufgeworfene Frage nach dem Namen der Tochter von Stefan Nemanjić wird nun nochmals erörtert und endgültig so entschieden, wie dies bereits in der Chomatenos-Edition des Verfassers geschah: Der Name Komnene, mit dem sie in der einzigen Quelle zu ihrer Person (Akten Nr. 1 und 3) bezeichnet wird, ist ihr Familienname, also kein Vor- oder Taufname. Dieser bleibt unbekannt. Schlüsselwörter: Demetrios Chomatenos, Großžupan/König Stefan Nemanjić, König Radoslav. Erzbischof Sava, Erzbistum Ohrid, Theodoros Doukas. This contribution examines the article “Stefan Nemanjić i njegov brat Sava u spisima Dimitrija Homatina” by Vlada Stanković (2012) critically. On the basis of Chomatenos fi les (nos. 1, 3, 10, 13 and 86), he tried to obtain new details about in what way and with what results political and ecclesiastical communication between Epiros and Serbia took place in the period 1215–1219/20. In the course of this, as this present study shows, he repeatedly reached rash, questionable or untenable conclusions. Also the question raised by him – with a critical intention – about the name of Stefan Nemanjić’s daughter is now once again discussed and fi nally decided in such a way as this was already done in the present author’s edition of Chomatenos: The name Komnene, by which she is designated in the only source on her person (fi les nos. 1 and 2), is her family name and thus not her fi rst or baptismal name. The latter remains unknown. 550 ЗРВИ L (2013) 549–571 Keywords: Demetrios Chomatenos, Grand Župan/King Stefan Nemanjić, King Radoslav, Archbishop Sava, Archbishopric of Ohrid, Theodoros Doukas. Die Diskussion, auf die angespielt wird, betrifft einige Fragen oder Aspekte aus dem Themenfeld der epirotisch-serbischen Beziehungen zu Beginn des 13. Jahrhunderts, darunter auch die im Titel hervorgehobene, doch erst am Ende dieses Beitrags behandelte Namensfrage bezüglich einer Tochter des Großžupans Stefan Nemanjić, der später als König Stefan I. Prvovenčani (der Erstgekrönte) (1217–1228) in die Geschichte einging. Das besagte Themenfeld ist schon seit langem so inten- siv erforscht worden, dass man meinen könnte, ihm seien kaum noch neue Aspekte abzugewinnen. Das wiederum ist nicht zuletzt mehreren Beiträgen zu verdanken, die Ljubomir Maksimović, der mit diesem Band geehrte profunde Erforscher der Geschichte des Byzantinischen Reiches wie auch der mittelalterlichen Geschichte Serbiens und seiner Nachbarländer, verfasst hat.1 Doch im Rahmen der 2010 in Belgrad abgehaltenen „Fünften National-Konferenz serbischer Byzantinisten“, die dem Gesamtthema Vizantija na Balkanu gewidmet war und speziell „Das Erzbistum Ohrid in der byzantinischen Welt“ in den Blick nahm, hat sich Vlada Stanković an- hand einschlägiger Texte aus dem Aktencorpus der Ponemata diaphora des Ohrider Erzbischofs Demetrios Chomatenos2 nochmals mit dieser Thematik befasst. Das besondere Interesse des Belgrader Kollegen galt dabei sowohl den Schreiben, die sich explizit an den Serbenherrscher Stefan Nemanjić und dessen Bruder Rastko, den späteren Mönch (und ersten Erzbischof Serbiens) Sava, richteten, als auch den we- nigen erzbischöfl ichen Schreiben an Adressaten außerhalb Serbiens, die sich inhalt- lich auf die Politik gegenüber Serbien beziehen.3 Nach einem kurzen Überblick über den Forschungsstand4 und der verständlichen Feststellung, der bekannte Protestbrief 1 B. Ferjančić, ˗ Lj. Maksimović, Sveti Sava između Epira i Nikeje, ed. S. Ćirković, Sveti Sava u srprskoj istoriji i tradiciji, Beograd 1998, 13–25 (Res.: Saint Sava between Epiros and Nicaea), Lj. Maskimović, Byzantinische Herrscherideologie und Regierungsmethoden im Falle Serbien, edd. C. Scholz ˗ G. Makris, Polypleuros nous. Miscellanea für Peter Schreiner zu seinem 60. Geburtstag, Leipzig 2000, 174–192; Idem, La Serbie et les contrées voisines avant et après la IVe croisade, ed. A. Laiou, Urbs capta. The Fourth Crusade and its Consequences. La IVe Croisade et ses conséquences, Paris 2005, 269–282; Idem, Serbia’s View of the Byzantine World (1204–1261), edd. J. Herrin ˗ G. Saint-Guillain, Identities and Allegiances in the Eastern Mediterrranean after 1204, Farnham, UK ˗ Burlington, VT 2011, 121–131; Idem, Sučeljavanje o prožimanje dvaju svetova (Res.: Confrontation and Coalescence of Two Worlds), ZRVI 43 (2006) 11–23; Idem, “Vizantinizmi” kralja Stefana Radoslava, ZRVI 46 (2009) 139–147 (Res.: The “Byzantinisms” of King Stefan Radoslav). – Eine serbische Version der deutsch, französisch oder englisch verfassten Artikel (außer dem zuletzt genannten) fi ndet sich in der von T. Živković besorgten Aufsatzsammlung des Jubilars: Lj. Maksimovic, Vizantijski svet i Srbi / The Byzantine World and the Serbs, Beograd 2008, 381–394, 159–177 und 417– 232. 2 Demetrii Chomateni Ponemata diaphora, ed. G. Prinzing, Berlin ˗ New York 2002 (im folgenden: Ponemata). 3 V. Stanković, Stefan Nemanjić i njegov brat Sava u spisima Dimitrija Homatina, edd. B. Krsmanović ˗ Lj. Maksimović ˗ R. Radić, Vizantijski svet na Balkanu/Byzantine world in the Balkans, vol. I., Belgrad 2012, 111–118 (mit Resümee: Stefan Nemanjić and his brother Sava in the acts of Demetrios Chomatenos), hier 112f. 4 Ibid., 112 (mit Anm. 3). Der dort gegebene Überblick ist, wie auch die Literaturangaben zuvor in 111, Anm. 1, unvollständig: Ergänze hier G. Prinzing, Studien zur Provinz- und Zentralverwaltung im Machtbereich der epirotischen Herrscher Michael I. und Theodoros Dukas, Teil I – II, Epeirotika Chronika 24 (1982) 73–120, bzw. 25 (1983) 37–112, und Idem, Das Kaisertum im Staat von Epeiros: Propagierung, Stabilisiserung und Verfall, ed. E. Chrysos, Πρακτικά Διεθνούς Συμποσίου για το Δεσποτάτο της Ηπείρου GÜNTER PRINZING: Hatte Stefan I. von Serbien eine Tochter namens Komnene? … 551 des Chomatenos an Sava (Akte Nr. 86) sei bereits hinreichend intensiv untersucht worden,5 nennt Stanković in seiner Einleitung sechs Akten der Ponemata diaphora, die er in drei Abschnitten (im folgenden Hauptteil 1–3 genannt) genauer betrachten wolle. Den Hauptteilen 1–3 des ganzen Artikel liegen also die Akten entsprechend zugrunde, die noch in der Einleitung unter den nun folgenden Punkten 1–3 genannt werden: 1. Die Akten, die an den serbischen Großžupan bzw. König Stefan Nemanjić adressiert sind, und zwar die Nrn. 10 und 13;6 2. dann die an andere Adressaten gerichteten Akten, die sich auf zustande ge- kommene oder auch nicht realisierte Eheprojekte Stefans II. Nemanjić beziehen: Dafür wären hier vor allem die Akten Nr. 1 und 3 (am Rande auch Nr. 2) zu nennen gewesen,7 doch eigenartigerweise erfolgt hier nur ein Verweis auf die Akte Nr. 1, nicht aber auf die Akte Nr. 3,8 auf die sich die Diskussion weiter unten im Hauptteil 2 ausschließlich bezieht.9 Und schließlich (Άρτα, 27–31 Μαΐου 1990) / The Despotate of Epirus, Proceedings of the International Symposium «The Despotate of Epirus» (Arta, 27–31 May 1990), Arta ̶ Athens 1992, 17–30; und in (Stanković) 112, Anm. 3 ergänze C. G. Pitsakis, Questions „albanaises“ de droit matrimonial dans les sources juridiques byzanti- nes, ed. Ch. Gaspares, Οἱ Αλβανοί στο μεσαίωνα / The Mediaeval Albanians, Athens 1998, 177–194, esp. 191–194; A. Ducellier, Balkan Powers: Albania, Serbia and Bulgaria (1200–1300), ed. J. Shepard, The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500–1492 (künftig: Shepard, CHBE), Cambridge 2008, 779–802; G. Prinzing, Zu den persönlich adressierten Schreiben im Aktencorpus des Ohrider Erzbischofs Demetrios Chomatenos, edd. M. Kokoszko ˗ M. J. Leszka, Byzantina Europaea. Księga jubileuszowa ofi arowana profesorowi Waldemarowi Ceranowi, Łódź 2007, 469–492, und Idem, Nochmals zu den adressierten Briefen des Demetrios Chomatenos, ed. S. Kotzabassi ˗ G. Mavromatis, Realia Byzantina, Berlin, New York 2009, 223– 245. 5 Stanković, Stefan Nemanjić, 112 (mit Anm. 4). Zu dem Brief an Sava und seiner dort hervorge- hobenen, von Georg Ostrogorsky 1938 besorgten, nun überholten Edition vgl. Ponemata, 18*, 179*-182* (Regest, mit Bibliographie) und 358*f. sowie 296–302 (Text), ferner Maksimović, Serbie, 281; Prinzing, Zu den persönlich adressierten Schreiben, 473, 475, 483 und 487–489; Ducellier, Balkan Powers, 785; I. Iliev, Ochridskijat archiepiskop Dimitŭr Chomatian i Bŭlgarite, Sofi ja 2010, 95 und 106, und zuletzt G. Prinzing, The autocephalous Byzantine ecclesiastical province of Bulgaria/Ohrid. How independent were ist archbishops?, Bulgaria Mediaevalis 3 (2012) 353–383, hier 362f. (mit Anm. 23). Was indes die Datierung der in Nikaia vorgenommenen Weihe Savas zum Erzbischof betrifft, so könnte sie – worauf Stanković, ibid., kurz hinwies – nach der begründeten, aber nicht
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