Burundi - Rwanda Interconnection of Electricity Grids Project

Home , Burundi, Gitega, Gitega Province, Ruhango District

Language: English Original: French

PROJECT : BURUNDI - RWANDA INTERCONNECTION OF ELECTRICITY GRIDS PROJECT

COUNTRY : MULTINATIONAL (BURUNDI – RWANDA)

SUMMARY OF THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

Date : AUGUST 2018

Team leader Humphrey N. Acting Division Manager RDGE.1 6078 RICHARD Moussa KONE Electrical Engineer, RDGE.1 8256 Consultant Anita NUGU Procurement Specialist, SNFI.1 8362 Consultant Mamadou Financial Management RDGE.4 8243 DIOMANDE Specialist, Team Members Abdoulaye COBI 7214 Country Programme Officer TANDINA Environmental and Social SNSC 5749 Project Gisèle BELEM Safeguard Specialist, Team Consultant, Jin Jason Financial Analyst, RDGE.1 8323 SEUNG-SOO Consultant Interim Division Humphrey N. RICHARD RDGE.1 6078 Manager Resident Daniel NDOYE RDGE.0 7001 Representative Deputy Director Nnenna NWABUFO RDGE.0 8343 General Director General Gabriel NEGATU RDGE.0 8232 Sector Director Batchi BALDEH PESD 4036

SUMMARY OF THE COMPREHENSIVE RESETTLEMENT PLAN (CRP)

Project Title: Transmission line (110/220 kV) Kigoma- Butare- SAP code: P-Z1-F00-077 Ngozi-Gitega Country : BURUNDI Category: 1 Department : RDGE Division RDGE-1

1. INTRODUCTION

This document summarizes the Comprehensive Resettlement Plan (CRP) of the Electricity Interconnection Project linking Rwanda (Kigoma-Butare) to Burundi (Ngozi-Gitega). The interconnection of Burundian and Rwandan electricity grids by connecting the Gitega, Ngozi, Butare and Kigoma localities is part of the Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Programme Interconnection of Electric Grids Project known by its English acronym NELSAP. The total planned length of the 110-220 kV line is 140.7 km, comprising 61.5 km in Rwanda and 79.2 km in Burundi. The building of two new transformer substations and the expansion of two existing ones is also planned. In accordance with the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group’s Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) and national regulations, the project has been classified in Category 1 due to its nature, the number of people affected by the line corridor, and the land required for the construction of the new sub-stations.

An ESIA was prepared in 2012 to cover the entire project in both countries. However, following the suspension of cooperation by the Federal Republic of Germany with the Republic of Burundi in June 2015, KfW withdrew from the Project on the Burundian side, while the project's preparation and implementation were pursued on the Rwandan side. Subsequently, the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Burundi project was updated in 2017, without data of the bio-physical and socio-economic environment being updated. In addition, two Resettlement Action Plans were prepared in 2017 for Rwanda and Burundi. Burundi's was developed on the basis of the 2015 census and inventory data. Following the AfDB’s recent involvement in the project, including financing the Burundian section of the line, the Bank has requested and financed ESIA, ESMP and CRP updates for the Burundian party, to get the documents comply with ISS requirements. In the case of the CRP, the main objectives were to update census and inventory data and to identify livelihood improvement activities.

This CRP summary was prepared in accordance with ISS requirements. It presents the project’s impacts in terms of resettlement as currently identified, outlines the resettlement principles and arrangements as well as compensation and resettlement activities for people affected by the project, identifies activities for the improvement of the livelihoods of vulnerable people and establishes a rough budget and indicative implementation schedule.

2. PROJECT RATIONALE AND DESCRIPTION

2.1. Project Rationale The proposed Kigoma-Butare-Ngozi-Gitega 110/220 kV transmission overhead line between Rwanda and Burundi is part of the NELSAP regional transport programme that aims to link five countries in the Nile Equatorial Lakes region, namely Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. With regard to the line that is the subject of this project, the general objective is to contribute to efforts at improving the population’s livelihood as well as the quality of the economic and social development framework through the increased availability of electrical energy at affordable cost.

The project is in line with priorities set out in the Country Strategy Papers for Burundi and Rwanda. This refers to Burundi's 2010-2015 Strategic Framework for Growth and Poverty Reduction, which remains effective because the crisis situation has not allowed for the adoption of a new strategic framework. For Rwanda, it is the Second Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS II). The development of energy infrastructure is one of the pillars of the national strategies of both countries. Indeed, Burundi and Rwanda face major economic and social development challenges resulting from various constraints, including the structural deficit and very high energy costs, among other things. Electricity access rates in both countries are low, at about 10% in Burundi and 30% in Rwanda in 2016. The Burundi-Rwanda Interconnection Project is one of the priority integration projects that will optimize the use of energy resources by integrating production and transmission infrastructure in the East African region.

2.2. Project Description In Burundi, this will involve (i) constructing a 220 kV line from the Rwanda/Burundi border to Ngozi (Mwumba Municipality) and Ngozi to Gitega (single phase); (ii) constructing a 220/30 kV sub-station at Ngozi and integrating it with the existing 30 kV distribution network; (iii) expanding the 110 kV Gitega sub-station by installing a 110 kV busbar and two additional 110 kV feeders at Ngozi; and (iv) integrating the line with the Bujumbura grid control centre.

In Rwanda, it will consist in (i) constructing a 220 kV line from Kigoma to Butare, and from Butare to the Rwanda/Burundi border (single phase); (ii) expanding the existing 110 kV sub-station in Kigoma; (iii) building a 220/30 kV substation in Butaré and integrating it with the existing 30 kV distribution network; and (iv) integrating the line with the Kigali grid control centre.

The total length of the transmission line to be constructed is about 140.7 km (79.2 km in Burundi and 61.5 km in Rwanda). The project will include the following components:

A. Construction of Transmission Line ▪ Lines ▪ Substations

B. Project Management ▪ Functioning National Project Implementation Unit; ▪ Works control and supervision; ▪ CRP implementation (including Information-Education-Communication (IEC) campaigns); and ▪ Financial audit.

Electricity transmission line between Rwanda and Burundi

The project’s different components are as follows:

Route

The transmission line will be designed as a line with a 220 kV circuit, initially operated with only 110 kV, and subsequently upgraded to 220 kV. The length of the planned transmission line will be 140.7 km, with 61.5 km of the line corridor in Rwanda and 79.2 km in Burundi. These are the Kigoma-Butare section (44.6 km) and the Butare-Burundi border section (16.9 km). On the Burundian side, the transmission line includes the Ngozi-Gitega section (62.7 km) and the Rwandan border-Ngozi section (16.5 km).

Right-of-way

The transmission line’s right-of-way is a strip of land used by power utilities to build, operate, maintain and repair transmission line facilities. The right-of-way must generally be free of unauthorized structures that may interfere with a power line. As the line will eventually be upgraded to 220 kV, a 30-meter right-of-way has been defined, in accordance with national guidelines, fifteen meters on each side of the centre of the line. The right-of-way will also serve as a security buffer. This land will remain the property of its current owners. Agricultural activities will be allowed in the right-of-way, with the exception of trees for commercial purposes over 5 meters high that may interfere with power lines and maintenance activities.

Pylons

The pylons will consist of corner pylons, which are required when the transmission line changes direction, and alignment pylons to support the line between corner pylons as required, depending on the topography. The pylons will vary between 30 m and 40 m in height, depending on the landscape and type of pylon. The maximum area required for the permanent procurement of each pylon (foundations) will be 100 m² (10 m x 10 m) per pylon. 49 pylons are planned in Rwanda and 54 in Burundi.

Sub-stations

In Burundi, the new Ngozi (Vyegwa) sub-station will be constructed and positioned near the existing industrial area, covering an area of 2.5 ha. The chosen site is located on land allocated to REGIDESO by the Urban Planning Department. The connection in Gitega will be provided through the existing 110 kV sub-station, which will be rehabilitated and expanded for this purpose. The exact extent of the Gitega sub-station extension has not been designed in detail, but should be about 3 ha. The land already belongs to REGIDESO. No homes will be affected.

Access Roads and Borrow Site

Access roads and material borrow sites will be required. For roads, some will be required on a temporary basis for construction, and others on a permanent basis to facilitate access for maintenance and inspection purposes. Existing borrow sites could be used, but it may also be required to open new sites. The identification of the location and detailed design of access roads and borrow sites will be done by the works Contractor.

2.3. Project Area of Influence Socio-economically, the study area in Burundi covers the central part of the country and crosses the Ngozi, Kayanza and Gitega provinces. The bio-physical study area covers the line corridor and sub- station sites and their immediate environment. Socio-economically, the study area in Rwanda is located in the southern province, which extends from Kigoma in Ruhango District to Gisagara District (Burundi border). It crosses the Ruhango, Nyanza, Huye and Gisagara districts. In Burundi, the study area covers the central part of the country and crosses the Ngozi and Gitega districts. The municipalities concerned are Mwumba, Ngozi (Ngozi Province), Muhanga (Kayanza Province), Mutaho, Bugendana, Giheta and Gitega (Gitega Province).

Administrative Map of Burundi Line Route in Burundi

The provinces and municipalities concerned by the project are presented in the following table. These municipalities include 42 hills and 78 sub-hills.

Provinces and Municipalities Crossed by the Line Province Municipalities Ngozi Mwumba Ngozi Kayanza Muhanga Gitega Mutaho Bugendana Giheta Gitega

The project is located in the most populated area of Burundi. The table below presents the demographic situation in the 4 municipalities crossed by the power line.

Demographic Situation in the Study Area Municipalities Population Density % of men % of women Total (per km2) Mwumba 80,259 624 49 51 Ngozi 121,157 657 50 50 Muhanga 64,705 518 46.3 53.7 Mutaho 68,874 455 49 51 Bugendana 108,387 383 52.2 47.8 Giheta 78,560 469 47.1 52.9 Gitega 134,117 425 46.5 53.5

3. POTENTIAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS

3.1. Projected Works The following works are likely to generate negative and positive impacts on the project's host environment.

• Clearing the right-of-way and access roads: removal of shrubs and cutting of trees over 5 meters in height in the 30-meter corridor will be required. Additional clearing beyond that may be required for access roads during construction to accommodate the transportation of building material and personnel from the nearest road position to the transmission line corridor.

• Erection of pylons: 30- to 40-meter steel lattice towers will be erected at regular intervals of 300 meters to support overhead conductors. Each steel pylon will be supported by 4 concrete foundation slabs measuring 2 x 2 m x 2.5 m deep; the total size of the pylon shall not exceed 100 m2 (10 x 10 m).

• Construction of sub-stations: The expansion of the Kigoma sub-station will cover about 2.5 hectares while the construction of the Butare sub-station will require an area of 2.75 ha. On the Burundi side, a new substation will be built in Ngozi, near the existing industrial area, covering an area of 2.5 ha. The Gitega sub-station will be rehabilitated and expanded and the Kigoma sub-station will be expanded.

3.2. Resettlement Reduction Measures Burundi and Rwanda have high population densities with 350 and 285 inhabitants per km2 respectively in Rwanda and Burundi in 2012. Given this context, one of the project’s main objectives was to mitigate resettlement impacts through an analysis of routing and design alternatives based on this objective.

Pylon Design

In order to implement the proposed project, the highest priority has been given to minimizing the necessary resettlement activities. As a result, a pylon design with all conductors arranged at the same level was rejected. This type of pylon would require a wider hold with consequences for resettlement. The type of pylon selected has a three-level conductor with the shortest possible arms crossed to minimize the required right-of-way.

These pylons will be between 30 and 40 m high, depending on the landscape structure and type of pylon (e.g. the tension tower). The dominant reach would be about 300 m. For the total length of the 141.7 km line, approximately 460 pylons will be required. The vertical clearance of the proposed line in relation to the roads will be 9 m and 8 m for pedestrian areas. The minimum clearance for overhead lines will be 5 m and 4.5 m for telecommunication lines.

Choice of Conductors

2 x 240/40 steel-reinforced aluminium (ACSR) conductors will be used in place of 1 x 570 ASTER AAAC (All Aluminium Alloy Conductor) heavy conductors. The latter would require much heavier machines for stringing, which would result in wider access roads and improved bridges, etc. This would affect the extent of resettlement activities as dwellings are often very close to roads.

Choice of the Transmission Line Route

Five technical alternatives for the Rwanda - Burundi interconnection were studied: • Variant 1: Kigoma (Rwanda) - Rwegura (Burundi), direct connection, no intermediate substations; • Variant 2: Kigoma (Rwanda) - Butare (Rwanda) - Rwegura (Burundi), direct connection to the Butare substation in Rwanda; • Variant 3: Kigoma (Rwanda) - Butare (Rwanda) - Ngozi (Burundi) - Rwegura (Burundi), with substations in Butare and Ngozi, Bujumbura is not inside the 110/220 kV ring; • Variant 4: Kigoma (Rwanda) - Butare (Rwanda) - Ngozi (Burundi) - Gitega (Burundi), with substations in Butare and Ngozi, Bujumbura inside the 110/220 kV ring; • Variant 5: Kigali Airport (Rwanda) - Kigoma (Rwanda) - Butare (Rwanda) - Ngozi (Burundi) - Gitega (Burundi), with substations in Butare and Ngozi, Bujumbura inside the 110/220 kV ring. The variants involving Rwegura would require crossing the Kibira National Park of which about 16% consists of primary tropical mountain forest and lies adjacent to two large tea plantations, one in Teza and the other in Rwegura. Moreover, the forest’s sacred nature, even before the colonial period, contributed to its conservation. Therefore, it was decided not to cross such a protected area (variants 1 to 3). The extension of the line to the Kigali airport sub-station (variant 4) has been postponed; this sub- station does not yet exist. Finally, the interconnection variant from Kigoma to Gitega via the Butare and Ngozi sub-stations was selected.

Location of Sub-stations

For the Ngozi sub-station, various possible sites were studied. A first option, 1a, had to be rejected because the site is an old cemetery. Recently established graves were found near this site. Option 1b was identified as the more feasible option. The site is very well connected to a large road that can also be plied by large trucks. It is partly covered by eucalyptus trees of little ecological value and does not require resettlement as the site is occupied by government facilities.

3.3. Positive Impacts During the works and in the operational phase, one of the main positive expected outcomes is the creation of about 50 jobs in the construction phase, 35 of which are semi-skilled, and 5 in the operational phase. Construction work will also contribute to the transfer of skills to local workers. In addition to direct jobs, the presence of the site will result in the supply of different goods and services for the needs of workers.

In the operational phase, the project will supply electricity to about 720,000 people in targeted rural and urban areas by 2025, which will help to improve the well-being of beneficiaries, create conditions for increased income-generating activities and improve the quality of public services (health and education) in the communities served.

3.4. Negative Impacts From a socio-economic perspective, the project could disrupt communities in the following areas: • The physical and economic resettlement of people located in the 30-meter transit corridor of the transmission line and on sites targeted for sub-stations; • The quality of life, health and safety of residents and employees during the works; • Social cohesion in view of potential tensions between workers and residents, disruption of women's livelihood activities and friction associated with resettlement; • Cultural heritage with the possible disruption of sites that are unidentified at this stage; and • Temporary degradation of the landscape during the erection of pylons. In terms of resettlement, the project will result in temporary and permanent land acquisition and access restrictions. The release of the line right-of-way will result in temporary losses as well as access restrictions during the works, while the erection of the pylons and the construction of permanent substations and access roads will result in permanent occupation of land. The works will result in physical displacement and economic loss for 1,561 households totalling 6,712 people in the seven municipalities crossed by the project, as detailed in the following table.

Summary of project impacts

Project Potential Impacts Duration of Number of Component Impact Households Affected in 2018 Right-of-way of the Loss of residential Permanent 121 transmission line structures Loss of crops Temporary 625 Loss of ancillary structures Permanent 196 Loss of commercial trees Permanent 843 Angle of pylons Loss of residential Permanent 3 structures Loss of land Permanent 53

Loss of crops Permanent 22 Substations Loss of residential Permanent 0 structures Loss of land Permanent 1 Loss of crops Permanent or 0 temporary

Overall, according to the census and inventories conducted in 2018, the project will have the following impacts: • Total number of households affected: 1,561 • Total number of people affected: 6,712 • Number of households requiring physical relocation (loss of principal residence): 124 • Number of ancillary structures affected (kitchens, toilets, animal pens, etc.): 196 • Number of households that will permanently lose land: 53 • Number of households that will lose more than 20% of their total productive farmland: 2

In the course of updating census and inventory data in July 2018, the main observation is the reduction in the number of houses affected in the line corridor from 168 to 121. Overcrowding in the project area leads to rural exodus, with the outcome that many young people are looking for employment in other provinces, including in the capital Bujumbura. Young people who leave, abandon their homes built out of non-durable material. When they prolong their stay without maintaining their houses, the houses collapse and are, for the most part, not renewed. As for perennial crops, land and trees, there has not been much change.

Overall, 196 structures are affected by the project. 121 can be considered primary residences, the vast majority being dwellings only, but also for combined commercial and accommodation uses (1) and others combined with kitchens (36). All other affected structures are ancillary structures including kitchens, toilets and livestock/poultry sheds, businesses (2) and a spiritual house (1).

Prior to the project’s implementation, in cases where the principal residence is not affected, it will be possible to move the ancillary structure outside the right-of-way. The census and inventories carried out in 2018 have made it possible to locate sections of the route that could be slightly displaced in order to further minimize resettlement.

Lastly, periodic access required for the maintenance and inspection of the right-of-way and transmission lines could result in additional temporary loss of access and crop damage. Any maintenance contract should consider these potential periodic losses and the risk of unforeseen damage to crops outside the right-of-way during construction. These losses will also have to be compensated.

4. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

4.1. National Legal Framework on Land and Resettlement

The Constitution of Burundi

The 2018 Constitution provides that every person has the right to property, guarantees equal rights and equal protection to all Burundians, regardless of sex. Article 36 of the Constitution further provides that "no one shall be deprived of their property except in the public interest and in the cases and manner prescribed by law, subject to fair compensation and prior judgement having the force of res judicata."

The Land Code of the Republic of Burundi (1986)

According to the Land Code of the Republic of Burundi, Law No. 01/008 of 01/09/1986, land is held as public land (public and private property). Rural land falls under customary tenure and urban land under lease. The State has an important right to the management of national land ownership for the public interest in order to ensure economic and social development according to the law. The State provides for specific laws on land management and real estate investment for certain land categories or specific areas.

The private domain of the government is land that the government can offer for a project or that it can offer of its own free will. The public domain of the government includes national parks, reserves and other lands held in trust by the government and is not usually subject to project allocation. When resettling vulnerable people, the government allocates land from its private domain. The Land Code also provides for resettlement procedures.

Estimates are usually made by a Commission composed of the three main Ministries of Lands, Agriculture and Infrastructure. Monetary or physical (in kind) compensation must take place before a person eligible for compensation can move. Where compensation is in kind or land-for-land, the Ministry of Lands continues to be involved in the process, since the duty to determine land for resettlement falls under its purview. The law provides that affected persons must receive land of the same size as acquired land. In cases where the acquired land is located in an urban area, the value of the land is considered and a land of proportional value is allocated to the affected person.

When the compensation is monetary, the role of the land authorities ceases at the estimates stage. Local authorities are responsible for monitoring the progress of monetary compensation. Minimum compensation amounts are set for different ministries. If it is a government project, the ministry responsible for the environment will be responsible. If the compensation is paid for land in a rural area, the Land Management Directorate is in charge and if the resettlement takes place in an urban area, the Urban Development and Housing Department is responsible.

Land Code of the Government of Burundi (2011)

Law No. 1/13 of 9 August 2011 to amend the Land Code of Burundi resulted in the "new Land Code." It brought major changes to the previous one of 1986. The main objective of the Land Code amendment was to secure land resources. It thus provided for the formalization of non-written rights, as well as the safeguard and regularization of written land rights. The text sought to reconcile the legitimacy of land tenure practices by local actors with the legality of legislative and regulatory texts. This legal framework aimed to regulate land conflicts burdening Burundi and contribute to peacebuilding.

This amendment also aimed to clarify the status of various lands and define the different statutes, principles and legal regimes governing them. The new Code modernized the land law and introduced better consideration for special status lands like swamps and peasant farms. Lastly, it was intended to strengthen decentralized land management and make it accessible to the entire population: for example, the land certificate issued at the municipality (at a low cost) will serve as a land security document. Other novelties include the possibility of obtaining land by foreign natural or legal persons, the authorities and competences in the allocation of concession or authorization to transfer state lands and the establishment of a National Land Commission.

The land code recognizes public and private land. Under the law, all land that is not used is considered state land. Temporary occupancy rights are available on lands classified as private lands.

The 2011 Land Code also recognizes the legitimacy of land rights acquired and held under customary law. Under customary law, land is usually owned individually and by households rather than by lineage. However, the Code also states that all rights claimed must be registered. Unregistered customary rights do not have the protection of formal law.

Provisional Statement of Public Utility (DPUP)

The DPUP sanctions stages in the preparation and decision of expropriation. It is published and subjected to the appreciation of the population and the PAPs in order to obtain their adherence and involvement in all phases of the resettlement process.

Expropriation Decree or Ordinance

This decree sanctions all stages of damage assessment and acceptance by the project-affected people. It is posted in municipal offices and the ministry concerned and published in the Official Bulletin of Burundi. It will then be notified to interested parties through meetings with project-affected people to let them know their options, including their actions, whether or not they accept one of the options offered. The following scenarios may occur: • In the event of acceptance: preparation of amicable transfer deeds, initiation of payment arrangements and schedule, and resettlement as provided for in the CRP; • In case of refusal, application of procedures provided for in the event of disputes as specified in the CRP. The majority of these activities are the responsibility of the Government and take a minimum of two (2) months. Public meetings can be entrusted to an NGO for greater transparency and fairness. Expropriation of land is provided for in Article 407 and Ministerial Decree No 720/304 of 20 March 2008. This decree provides guidelines for compensation based on market value and land replacement.

4.2. Institutional Framework Responsibility for resettlement lies with the following ministries and organizations:

Ministry of Environment, Agriculture and Livestock (MEAE): This Ministry, under the Directorate of Land Management, Rural Engineering and Land Protection, is responsible for land expropriation and resettlement in rural areas when land is not located in a wetland area. This Ministry is also responsible for land registration and titling.

Ministry of Water, Energy and Mines (MEM): The MEM is the supervisory ministry of REGIDESO. Its mission is, among other things, to plan and supervise rural development actions through hydraulics and electrification; promote renewable energies; and provide planning, construction and management of water and energy infrastructure jointly with other relevant ministries.

Water and Electricity Production and Distribution Directorate (REGIDESO): REGIDESO as the Water and Electricity Production and Distribution Directorate is controlled by the State. Its role is to ensure the production, transmission, distribution and marketing of electricity and drinking water in urban areas and rural centres. Implementation of the CRP for this Project will include a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) within REGIDESO, composed of Project Engineers and specialists from the Environmental and Social Department.

Land Commission: Prior to implementation, the Land Commission assesses the compensations and reviews the CRP on the basis of public consultation outcomes for the budgeting of compensations. It is responsible for forwarding the finalized CRP to regional authorities (sector chiefs, hill chiefs) and the Minister of Finance for CRP approval by the Ministr(y)ies responsible for the project and the Ministry of Finance.

Municipal Authorities: Municipal authorities in the project area are the coordinating bodies for resettlement activities. The municipalities will assist with the consultation of local stakeholders, review and sign all documents (compensation agreement, compensation request, reports, etc.), transfer compensation payments to PAPs, take overall responsibility for building the resettlement structures, and monitor implementation of the CRP. 11

Working Groups of the Municipality: To specifically coordinate resettlement activities, municipal intervention forces are created in each municipality. These include representatives of the various municipal departments such as property valuation, infrastructure, social affairs and the environment. They act as key implementing bodies for CRP activities at municipal level, in coordination with the REGIDESO Project Implementation Unit (PIU). They also lead the coordination of livelihood restoration programmes.

Local Resettlement Committees: A number of Local Resettlement Committees (CLRs) are being established in the hills and villages. They are made up of municipal experts and community representatives, including land officials and agronomists, affected hill leaders, village leaders from affected villages, as well as at least three representatives assigned by the project to each village concerned; including at least one woman and one potentially vulnerable person. CLRs will participate in the compensation, valuation and signing process. They will play a role in resolving grievances at village level. They will participate in project monitoring and also play a key role in identifying potentially vulnerable households.

4.3. AfDB Operational Safeguard for Involuntary Resettlement Overall, the project’s implementation must meet the requirements of the Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) through its five operational safeguards: • Operational safeguard 1: Environmental and social assessment; • Operational safeguard 2: Involuntary resettlement - land acquisition, displacement and compensation of the population; • Operational safeguard 3: Biodiversity and ecosystem services; • Operational safeguard 4: Prevention and control of pollution, greenhouse gases, hazardous materials and efficient use of resources; • Operational safeguard 5: Working conditions, health and security. The other relevant Bank policies and guidelines remain applicable as soon as they are triggered under the ISS. These are mainly: • Bank Gender Policy (2001) - Bank Group Strategy on Gender 2014-2018 (2014); • Framework for Enhanced Engagement with Civil Society Organizations (2012); • Policy on Disclosure and Access to Information (2012); • Handbook on Stakeholder Consultation and Participation in AfDB Operations (2001) • The Bank's Population Policy and Implementation Strategy (2002); • Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures for Bank Operations (2015). This CRP was prepared in accordance with the requirements of OS2. The specific objectives of this OS are to: (i) avoid involuntary resettlement as much as possible, or minimize its impacts when involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, after all alternative project designs have been considered; (ii) ensure that displaced persons are genuinely consulted and have the opportunity to participate in the planning and implementation of resettlement programmes; (iii) ensure that displaced persons receive substantial resettlement assistance, so that their standard of living, income-generating capacity, productive capacities, and overall livelihoods are improved beyond what they were before the project; (iv) provide clear guidance to borrowers on the conditions that must be met with regard to involuntary resettlement issues in Bank operations, in order to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement and resettlement, to actively facilitate social development and to build a viable economy and society.

4.4. Differences between OS2 and National Legislation A gap analysis was undertaken between national requirements and OS2 requirements, which led to the development of mitigation strategies for land access and resettlement. The analysis of the discrepancies between the OS2 requirements and national regulations shows divergences on a few points, including the following: • Avoidance or minimization of resettlement: not considered by law, but required by OS2; • The deadline for eligibility: it is not discussed at national level but must be set as required by OS2; • Illegal occupants: not covered by legislation while OS2 advocates for resettlement assistance; • Estimated value of land: rate fixed by regulation and valid for several years unlike the market value recommended by OS2; • Livelihood improvement: not considered by law but required by OS2 especially with regard to vulnerable people; • Monitoring and evaluation: not required by law but required by OS2. 5. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

5.1. Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) A SEP was prepared for the project and is being implemented. The objective of the SEP is to ensure that adequate information is provided to project-affected persons and other stakeholders in a clear and timely manner and that these groups have the opportunity to voice their concerns and opinions so that they can influence the project’s decisions. The main stakeholders encountered as well as the communication activities carried out are presented in the following section.

Community involvement and input in the decision-making process to date has been ensured through the mechanisms below.

Initial Visits and Transect Walks

Site visits were conducted all along the transmission line during the initial scoping and preparation for the ESIA, and included transect walks with community leaders and members. This contributed to the initial identification of stakeholders and potential impacts, while providing a first opportunity to raise awareness about the project.

Meetings with Local Government Agencies

REGIDESO, as the project promoter, organized meetings with the municipal authorities of Mwumba, Ngozi, Muhanga, Mutaho, Bugendana, Giheta and Gitega, as well as with local hill authorities to discuss project objectives, key impacts, questions and concerns. The role of municipalities and village committees in the land access and resettlement process was also explained.

Public Meetings

REGIDESO led the organization of public consultation meetings with local communities. The public consultations were held mainly during the following periods: • During the project feasibility study in 2012; • When developing the ESIA in 2012; • When preparing the scope of the CRP in May 2015;

• During the socio-economic survey in August - September 2015; • During the public consultation forums and discussion groups in August 2015; and • When updating the CRP, ESIA and ESMP in July-August 2018 The meetings of 2015 brought together a hundred people in Burundi in all municipalities crossed by the line. Additional consultations were conducted during the CRP update exercise in July 2018. These meetings were held with municipal administrators, sector service heads, hill chiefs and focus group consultations with affected people and surrounding communities. Finally, submission and validation meetings were organized by REGIDESO following the finalization of the ESIA and the CRP in August 2018. The 2018 meetings were held in Ngozi, Gitega, Muhanga and Ngozi, Bugendana and Kayanga and brought together about 100 additional people.

5.2. Concerns Expressed during Consultations The main issues and concerns raised to date are summarized in the following table:

Concerns Raised during Public Consultations

Themes Concerns

Employment Community expectations for a high level of employment, coupled with the fear that the limited local skill base will lead to exclusion. The employment of local youth is considered a priority. Compensation Concerns about the cash compensation estimates, which should be at prevailing market rates. Resettlement Concerns about the impacts and appropriate compensation measures for economic and physical displacement. Livelihoods and Concerns about loss of access to water points, schools, cropland and pastures. Community Development Rural Electrification Community willingness to see rural electrification as a benefit of the project. Schedule Concerns about the project schedule and timing of compensatory payments. Community Communities expressed the need for adequate consultation and community Consultation and outreach before and during project construction. Cohesion

In addition to these concerns, the 2018 consultations resulted in additional demands for the electrification of affected villages and the development of income generating projects. The project envisions to electrify community health and education infrastructure with solar energy. The detailed assessment of this sub-project will be carried out during project implementation on the Burundi side. Compensation concerns were considered in the CRP and employment and gender issues were considered in the ESMP and also in the CRP income-generating activities.

5.3. Future Stakeholder Engagement All engagements will be jointly undertaken by the authorities and municipal working groups, REGIDESO and the teams of consultants. The main public consultation periods will be during the following activities: (i) follow-up surveys; (ii) development of livelihood plans and in-depth surveys of land availability; (iii) signature of waiver on compensation and estimates; (iv) consultations and sensitization on relocation and construction; and (v) support to restore livelihoods and assistance to vulnerable people.

Consultation methods will include: public meetings, key informant interviews, socio-economic and asset tracking surveys, discussion groups, informal consultations and dissemination of CRP information in community media outlets. These activities will be undertaken mainly by the Community Liaison Officers (CLOs) who will be supported by the other actors in charge of the CRP implementation and monitoring. 14

A preliminary stakeholder consultation and disclosure schedule, covering all activities related to planning for land access and resettlement issues, CRP disclosure and implementation, has been prepared.

The project will maintain an active record of all public consultation and disclosure documents collected throughout the project, which will be available for public review upon request. REGIDESO, the Project Implementation Unit, will ensure that all consultation and disclosure activities are properly documented and will publish all documentation locally.

6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

The project is located in the three provinces of Ngozi, Kayanza and Gitega. The total number of municipalities concerned is seven, including 42 hills and 78 sub-hills. The population characteristics of these 8 municipalities are described below.

Distribution by Age

The age distribution shows a high proportion of the population under 30 years of age. Only 4% of the population is over 60 years old.

Age Distribution of the Affected Population Age Total Percentage 1 – 15 2,874 38 16 – 30 2,200 30 31 – 45 1,109 15 46 – 60 937 13 61 – 90 332 4

Marital Status

The majority of project-affected persons over the age of 16 are married (53%), 42% are unmarried and 4% are widowed.

Marital Status of PAPs Marital Status Percentage Single 42 Married or cohabiting 53 Divorced or separated 1 Widow(er)s 4

Level of Education

Nationally, 24% of young people have no formal education and 62% have not completed primary education. With regard to formal education, the majority of PAPs have primary education, which compares favourably with national figures.

Education Level of Affected People Level of Education Number out-of-school 95 Pre-primary 1177 Primary 3762 TVET 43 Elementary 277 Secondary 445 Higher 70

Housing

Overall, 121 houses are affected by the project. The other structures are for commercial use and accommodation combined; used for accommodation only or combined with kitchens. All other structures affected are ancillary structures including kitchens, toilets and livestock/poultry sheds, shops and a spiritual house.

Use of Affected Structures Type of Structures Affected Number of Units House 121 Residence/kitchen combination 26 Toilet 36 Kitchen only 11 Livestock/poultry 3 Trade 2 Residence/business combination 1 Spiritual house 1

Livelihoods

In Burundi, more than 90% of the population is involved in agricultural production. Subsistence crops account for 87% of total production. Access to land is becoming increasingly limited as a result of increasing population pressure that is gradually reducing the amount of land available per household. This situation has already led to overexploitation of land, soil degradation and degradation of food production, which has led to the problem of food insecurity observed in recent years. Agriculture is focused mainly on self-sufficiency and involves the combination of several food crops on a single plot.

This mixed cropping is based on bananas, legumes, cereals and tubers. Cash crops grown mainly on tea plantations are carried out as monoculture by government businesses, private businesses and smallholder farmers.

The survey revealed that most PAPs depend on farming activities. The crops identified include bananas, beans, potatoes and wheat, among others. Beans are the crop most commonly affected by the project, followed by bananas, as shown in the table below.

Type of Crops Affected Crop Percentage Bananas 14.8 Beans 15.7 Peas 1.2 Peanuts 2.0 Maize 3.7 Potatoes 0.5 Sweet potatoes 0.1

Cassava 0.2 Cocoyams 0.6 Sorghum 0.3 Soya 0.1 Wheat 0.1 Cabbages 0.3 Other economic activities include trade (on a very small scale), livestock and handicrafts. It should be noted that some PAPs have a temporary or permanent salaried job.

Burundi's high population density is reflected in the very small average size of agricultural plots, which is about 0.5 ha per household. Historically, land is inherited and has resulted in the sub-division of family farms among the sons. In terms of area of affected farms (for those that will lose land), the distribution is shown in the following Table. This shows that the majority (64%) of farms are less than half a hectare and almost all have less than one hectare. Size of Farms in the Project Area Area of the farm (m2) Number % 400-700 4 8.3 701-1000 2 4.2 1001-1500 5 10.4 1501-2000 9 18.8 2001-2500 3 6.3 2501-3000 2 4.2 3001-5000 6 12.5 5001-8000 6 12.5 8001-11000 8 16.7 11001 and above 3 6.3

For livestock (cattle, sheep and goats), Table 8 below shows the levels of ownership and the number of households in each category.

Livestock Ownership

Number of Livestock Number of Owner % of PAPs Heads Households 0 316 47.2 1 – 10 218 32.6 11 – 20 97 14.5 21 – 30 24 3.6 31 – 40 10 1.5 41 – 50 4 0.6

In terms of jobs, 14.2% of PAPs have a permanent job and 23.6% said they have a temporary job. In terms of income, more than 50% of PAPs reported earning less than 400,000 Burundian francs (BIF) per year or about EUR 224.

Land Tenure

During the survey, 86% of households confirmed that they hold land that has been formally sub-divided, with legal documents relating to the property (land titles) available. 13.6% of households indicated that they rented the land where they live and do not have legal documentation. The project will need to follow up with these households to ensure that they continue to have access to land following the resettlement process.

Vulnerability

The categories of vulnerable people considered in the project are: (i) sharecroppers; (ii) households headed by women; (iii) households headed by elderly people (over 65 years of age); (iv) households of orphans or headed by young people; (v) households that will lose more than 20% of their land; and (vi) households headed by people with disabilities. In the study area, the 2018 census identified vulnerable households. Potentially Vulnerable Households

Vulnerability Criterion Number of Households Households headed by widows 180 Households headed by people with chronic illness 66 Households headed by people over 65 105 Households headed by orphans 74 Households headed by persons with disability 92 Households that will lose more than 20% of land 2 Total 519

About 33% of affected households are therefore vulnerable.

7. ELIGIBILITY AND COMPENSATION

The eligibility criteria and the method of determining losses and their compensation consider the AfDB’s OS2 principles, as well as legislation in force in Burundi regarding compensation in case of expropriation for reasons of public utility (Land Code supplemented by Ministerial Ordinance No. 720/CAB/304/2008). All compensation will have to be settled before relocation or occupation of the land.

7.1. Eligibility and Deadline Households affected by the project are eligible for compensation and other assistance if they have a "legitimate interest" with regard to "real estate" established in the project area (i.e. in the case of buildings) at the time of the interruption of entitlement. The impacts identified as eligible for compensation are:

• Loss of housing; • Loss of land; • Loss of crops and trees; • Loss of livelihood; and • Loss of ancillary and commercial structures

The categories of affected persons eligible for compensation are landowners with and without tenure rights, tenants, sharecroppers, livestock breeders, traders and service providers. The types of losses associated with each category are loss of material goods, loss of access to material goods, loss of wages, rent or sales revenue, and loss of public, private or cultural infrastructure. The deadline for the cancellation of compensation rights was July 2018.

7.2. Compensation and Assistance Criteria Asset valuation methods will consider legislative requirements, AfDB standards, expert opinion and stakeholder consultation. Therefore, assets should be valued on the basis of replacement cost, at market rates and without depreciation.

Best practice suggests compensation in kind preferably to cash compensation because of the risks associated with cash compensation, such as potential deprivation and increased vulnerability. However, in the case of the Project, resettlement in kind (for example, the construction of a house or replacement land) may not be offered due to the lack of alternative land available near the project area and Burundi in general. During consultations, the majority of affected households opted for cash compensation while some preferred compensation in kind. The possibility of offering compensation land in the study area will be assessed when updating the data before implementation. Moreover, vulnerable people will receive assistance for the restoration and improvement of their livelihoods.

The eligibility and compensation matrix summarizes the principles that will be used for resettlement and livelihood assistance.

Eligibility and Compensation Matrix

Loss Category PAP Category Basic Right Packages/Assistance Farmland: Permanent Holder of a registered Hold a registered fund with Cash compensation for land and all loss of agricultural title deed. the relevant authorities before real estate developments on affected land. the deadline lands, such as soils and soil improvement infrastructure

Occupant of untitled Before the deadline, hold Cash compensation for land and all land: land held unregistered land, usually or real estate developments on affected according to custom locally recognized, that can lands, such as soil improvement and not yet registered be verified infrastructure.

Assistance with the registration of the legal title

Leased land: Leased the land before the Tenant cash compensation for real Land rights obtained deadline, in accordance with estate investments that have been temporarily under a a lease agreement recognized made by the tenant. usual tenancy by the landowner and agreement customary authorities. Residential land: Title holder Hold a registered fund with Cash compensation for the land Permanent loss of the relevant authorities before residential land. the deadline.

Untitled Lands: Land Before the deadline, hold Cash compensation for the land held under customary unregistered land, usually or Assistance with the registration of ownership and not locally recognized, that can the legal title registered be verified. Facilities: loss of real Residence: habitable The locally recognized owner Cash compensation at full estate assets. houses used as of a habitable home replacement value without permanent principal permanently used as a depreciation residence residence before the deadline. Recovery of authorized material

Compensation in kind if possible Non-residential The locally recognized owner Cash compensation at full structures: of a non-residential structure replacement value without commercial premises, by the deadline depreciation walls, fences, Recovery of authorized material enclosures, etc.

Loss Category PAP Category Basic Right Packages/Assistance Crops and commercial Crops: removal or The recognized owner of Cash compensation at replacement trees: Loss of crops destruction of standing crop before the value at prevailing market rates and commercial trees. temporary crops. deadline. For trees, depending on tree type and age, PAPs need to be informed to allow for harvesting before relocation Commercial trees The recognized owner of a Cash compensation at full permanent crop before the replacement value at prevailing deadline market rates

PAPs need to be informed to allow for mature crops to be harvested before relocation. Loss of income Business owner Business owner registered Re-establishment compensation before the eligibility deadline equals to three months of income

Tenant of commercial Tenant of a commercial space Re-establishment compensation space equals to three months of income Disturbance and Physically affected Occupation of the main Disturbance and transportation relocation assistance households (owner habitable residence before the allowance equal to 5% of total occupant or tenant) eligibility deadline compensation (amounts must be revised to ensure that this is sufficient in all cases) Vulnerable Households identified as Additional assistance to vulnerable households vulnerable before the households eligibility deadline Loss of livelihood Farmers Farmer (owner or tenant) Eligible for the livelihood with more than 20% of the restoration assistance programme land permanently affected by the Project

Those with less than one hectare are also considered

Disorientation Households affected All physically resettled Temporary assistance measures by housing loss households Ensure that relocating households can resettle on their own land or in neighbouring villages to keep their old habits.

This initial matrix of rights was discussed at meetings conducted by REGIDESO in August 2018. It has been adjusted following this validation.

8. LIVELIHOODS AND COMPLEMENTARY INITIATIVES

Based on the predominant livelihoods in the project area, initiatives related to agricultural practices will be the key element of the livelihoods improvement programme. The programme will also have financial and commercial management as well as micro-finance components.

8.1. Agricultural Programme The agricultural programme is the main mechanism for restoring livelihoods, with the aim of contributing to food security and income generation of affected people. The programme will focus on: (i) providing increased access to key agricultural inputs to improve productivity; (ii) increasing the availability and quality of agricultural services; and (iii) getting farmers to adopt improved cultivation systems, thanks to a favourable social and political environment. Concrete actions to be implemented under this programme include input supply, strengthening of agricultural extension services, strengthening of farmers' participation in government initiatives, vaccination of animals and the use of pasture quality improvement techniques, crop diversification, seed selection and the use of organic manure. This programme will target farmers.

8.2. Financial Management Training Programme Households affected by the project will receive cash compensation based on the choice made by PAPs and the absence of replacement land. For many households this will be an important input of money that they are not used to managing. Therefore, it is important that all affected households have access to financial management services and basic business training, to ensure that households understand that cash compensation should be used to restore lost property and must be held safely.

This programme will provide training to PAPs to improve their knowledge of resource use and management. Training in setting up a business or petty trading and market-oriented production strategies will also be offered. The training will be complemented by facilitating access to bank accounts for both men and women. This programme will target PAP representatives who have received financial compensation.

8.3. Micro-finance Programme Limited financing to undertake income-generating activities can be a major impediment to improving household livelihoods. The livelihoods programme proposes the establishment of a micro-credit system, focused on helping less privileged households with low incomes or savings. The aim will be to set up a micro-credit revolving fund system to facilitate the emergence of income-generating activities. This programme will target vulnerable households and be undertaken by an NGO specialized in the domain. Its operating procedures will be detailed before implementation.

The municipal working groups have the main responsibility for implementing programmes aimed at restoring livelihoods and providing assistance to vulnerable people. The livelihoods programme should be undertaken in partnership by identifying existing government agencies, NGOs and community groups undertaking such initiatives. These may be existing community programmes in Burundi run by government agencies or NGOs.

8.4. Complementary initiatives Temporary Difficulty and Vulnerability

Temporary assistance measures for people in difficulty will be developed to target households identified as needing additional support for a period of time during the transition. The objective of temporary assistance to vulnerable households will be to provide a safety net until these households become self- sufficient and can resist the economic strains resulting from land acquisition and resettlement.

Solar Electrification

Since the affected population will not benefit from electricity as part of the 110-kV line project, a solar electrification programme is envisaged as a complementary initiative to the project. During discussions in 2018 with affected local authorities and households, the electrification of schools and health centre with solar energy was prioritized by the population as a complementary initiative to the project. The surveys identified 9 schools, 1 health centre and 2 trading centres for which solar electrification would be considered. A provision of EUR 83,000 will be included in the project for this electrification work and will be supported by the project. A detailed study of this electrification programme will be carried out to clarify the feasibility and costs.

Protection of the Cultural Heritage

To date, the project has not identified any sites of cultural significance and has avoided cemeteries, graves or shrines through careful selection of the route. However, a spiritual site was identified in asset surveys that may require resettlement. Therefore, even if a Heritage and Cultural Management Plan is not warranted at this stage, the project will investigate the possibility of avoiding this site, failing which it will initiate a consultation process for the relocation of the spiritual site well before the works. In addition, the project will develop and implement a procedure for fortuitous discoveries of archaeological resources during the construction phase.

9. ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR CRP IMPLEMENTATION

The overall coordination of CRP implementation will be provided by REGIDESO, which will oversee all resettlement planning and coordinate all issues related to compensation. Given the importance of the project, REGIDESO will collaborate with other government agencies as needed, and local authorities of municipalities within the project area, which will assist with coordination and implementation. An NGO specialized in the subject could be recruited to ensure the implementation of the CRP. REGIDESO will establish a special Project Implementation Unit (PIU) for the Project, bringing together technical, social and environmental staff. REGIDESO will recruit a health and safety expert and a resettlement expert for this purpose. To coordinate activities at district and sector levels, two types of committees will be established: the Municipal Working Group and Local Resettlement Committees (at municipal/hill/village level as appropriate).

The municipal working groups are made up of municipal experts and community representatives. They will include land managers and agronomists, affected hill leaders, village leaders from affected villages, and at least three project-affected representatives from each affected village, including at least one woman and one potentially vulnerable person.

Local Resettlement Committees will participate in the compensation, assessment and signing process and will play a role in grievance review at village level. They will take part in the participatory monitoring of the project. They will also play a key role in identifying potentially vulnerable households.

The overall organizational framework for CRP implementation is summarized in the following table:

Organizational Framework for CRP Implementation

Institution Roles and Responsibilities REGIDESO • Supervise the CRP implementation • Supervise the formation of Local Resettlement Committees (CLR) • Provide all compensation packages according to the CRP • Provide livelihoods and support for vulnerable people • General monitoring and evaluation of resettlement implementation Specialized NGO • Implementation of the RAP Municipal • Assist in stakeholder consultation Authorities • Review and sign all compensation documentation • Make compensatory payments to PAPs • Follow the proper implementation of the CRP Municipal Working • Provide support to the implementation of CRP-related activities Groups • Participate in the implementation of livelihood improvement programmes PAP • Engage in project consultation forums • Participation in the valuation and signing of assets • Participation in monitoring and evaluation Construction • Fair compensation for crops and trees damaged during construction Company • Equitably distribute jobs to women and men and prioritize vulnerable households and affected households • Disseminate information on the dangers of HIV/AIDS • Offer advice to workers and communities on anti-social behaviour • Solicit the services of an archaeologist for the identification of any finds during pylon construction • Restore all temporary construction works at the end of the project

Land Agent • Land measurement Agronomist • Property Assessment • Valuation of crops and trees • Participation in the CRP implementation Land Commission • Interface with the municipality's land services • Public awareness • Approval of land expropriation • Ensuring that grievance mechanisms meet legislative requirements Local Resettlement • Public awareness Committees • Participation in the CRP implementation • Coordination of monitoring data collection activities

10. GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES

The complaints and claims mechanism offers the opportunity for any PAP or any concerned person to express his/her grievances concerning the resettlement and compensation procedure at no cost. The project mechanism has three components: (i) resolution mechanisms at project level through the Local Resettlement Committees; (ii) the Mediation Committee with the Working Groups; and (iii) referral to the courts.

10.1. Resolution Mechanisms at Project Level Local Resettlement Committees (CLRs) or/village chiefs as committee members will register complaints in oral or written form. CLRs will receive training from the PIU on complaint management. The local REGIDESO office will record the claims made during routine meetings and regular consultation visits to the affected villages. All claims will be registered with the PIU and entered into the database. Claims that have not been resolved at village level will be reviewed by REGIDESO. Upon 23 receipt of the complaint, REGIDESO will initiate an investigation into the complaint and strive to respond to the PAP within seven days of submission of the complaint. When a grievance cannot be resolved with the PAP through these mechanisms, the Mediation Committee will be used.

10.2. Mediation Committee If the complainant is dissatisfied with measures taken by REGIDESO following the complaint, mediation may be initiated. The Mediation Committee will include the following persons: (i) a representative of the Working Group at municipal level; (ii) a REGIDESO representative as an observer; (iii) three representatives of affected persons, including at least one woman, selected from local resettlement committees and/or from community organizations, elders, customary authorities; and (iv) a representative of an NGO or religious organization present in the project area.

The Committee’s main function will be to arbitrate and negotiate on the basis of a transparent and fair hearing of the parties to the dispute. The committee can recommend solutions to issues such as compensation, the provision of resettlement assistance or land disputes. The Mediation Committee will meet on the basis of recorded complaints and disputes. The complainant will be invited to the Mediation Committee, which will attempt to propose a solution acceptable to both parties (REGIDESO and complainant). All agreements reached will be signed by the stakeholders and the designated chairperson of the Mediation Committee, which will be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the agreement and include all references to applicable laws.

10.3. Referral Before the Courts The Tribunal or Court of competent jurisdiction, depending on the type of litigation, remains a way of settling complaints in the event of non-resolution using the two preceding mechanisms.

11. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

11.1. Resettlement Budget An indicative budget, based on asset surveys carried out to date, Government benchmarks and market prices for resettlement projects in the study area is estimated at EUR 1,902,111 or FIB 3,579,678,669.

Compensation amounts for houses, crops, trees and land were calculated based on unit prices applied to resettlement projects in the area. For housing, 3 categories have been defined: unsustainable, semi- durable and sustainable, for which market prices have been estimated. Prices of land, crops and trees were estimated on the basis of the market price in the study area. Costs related to such activities as assistance measures or livelihood improvements are based on the number of vulnerable households and the costs applied in similar projects. It should be noted that costs for the recruitment of the relocation expert are included in REGIDESO's capacity building measures in the ESMP and are supported by the project. Rural electrification is also the responsibility of the project. The total CRP cost will be borne by the State of Burundi.

Indicative resettlement budget

Activities Costs (BIF) Costs (EUR) Recruitment of a resettlement expert PM PM Final assessment of affected goods and property 70,000,000 33,557 Compensation for land 778,500,000 373,202 Compensation for buildings and facilities 1,240,000,000 594,439 Compensation for crops 350,000 143,815 Compensation for trees 552,787,780 264,999 Loss of income 100,000,000 47,938 Temporary support 25,000,000 11,984 Improvement of livelihood 500,000,000 239,693 Solar electrification (studies and implementation) PM PM Implementation of the RAP 150,000,000 71,907 Monitoring and evaluation 62,580,000 30,000 Sub-total 3,409,217,780 1,811,534 Contingency (5%) 170,460,889 90,577 Total 3,579,678,669 1,902,111 Exchange rate as at 31 July 2018: EUR 1 = BIF 2086

The final compensation budget will be updated once the final route has been confirmed and the final assessment of affected property completed.

11.2. CRP Implementation Schedule The CRP implementation schedule is based on the commencement of construction work on the line in the last quarter of 2019 as shown in the table below.

Schedule

Task 2018 2019 S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D Detailed design Refine livelihood programmes Refine assistance programmes for vulnerable people Carry out follow-up surveys Finalize estimates Signature process Payment of compensation and support Resettlement of households Starting livelihood programmes Beginning of the transmission line construction

12. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING

12.1. Internal Monitoring Monitoring will consist of: (a) internal monitoring by REGIDESO as an integral part of management jointly with affected communities; and (b) external monitoring by consultants appointed by REGIDESO jointly with the Government and affected communities.

Monitoring will be carried out through the following activities: daily monitoring of resettlement activities, standard surveys, community participation and analysis of complaint logs. The main monitoring indicators selected are presented in the following table.

Key monitoring indicators

Aspect Monitored Activity and Specific Monitoring Parameters Frequency Implementation of the CRP Progress made in the technical validation of the assets concerned Monthly and signing of compensation agreements between the PAP and REGIDESO: % completed Payment of compensation and delivery of livelihood restoration measures: % completed Overall Restoration of % of total payments/livelihoods completed, in progress, not started Monthly Livelihoods and Incomes When livelihood restoration measures are applied to all affected groups of people What is the indicator? % of households affected by financial training completed, in progress, not started Consultation and Grievances Number of complaints received by category Monthly % of complaints processed in relation to complaints received

12.2. External Follow-up An external audit will be carried out by an external party to the project implementation team to assess implementation compliance and CRP requirements. Resettlement completion verification will be assigned to validate REGIDESO’s compliance with commitments outlined in the CRP and, more generally, compliance with AfDB national procedures on involuntary resettlement.

12.3. Evaluation Reference documents that will be used as a benchmark for the evaluation will be: • This CRP; • Relevant Burundian regulations; and • African Development Bank (AfDB) policies, especially OS2; The evaluation objectives will be: • Overall assessment of implementation compliance with the objectives and methods outlined in the CRP; • Evaluation of implementation compliance with the laws and regulations of Burundi, as well as with OS2; • Evaluation of the procedures implemented for compensation, displacement and resettlement, • Evaluation of the adequacy of compensation and accompanying measures in relation to the losses incurred, • Evaluation of the impact of livelihood improvement programmes; • Proposal of corrective actions to be taken eventually; 26

The evaluation will use the documents and material from the internal monitoring. In addition, the evaluators will carry out site visits and conduct surveys with stakeholders and persons affected by the project. The evaluation should be undertaken in two stages: immediately after the completion of resettlement operations and, if possible, two years after the completion of resettlement operations.

12.4. Reporting REGIDESO will produce monthly CRP implementation reports for submission to relevant national authorities and the AfDB. External monitoring and evaluation reports will also be submitted to the AfDB.

13. CONCLUSION

This document represents the updated Comprehensive Resettlement Plan for the Burundian part of the Rwanda-Burundi Power Interconnection Project. The document contains a record of the procedures, actions and commitments formulated and adopted to compensate and support individuals and households affected by the project, in accordance with the laws of Burundi and applicable African Development Bank policies and standards on involuntary resettlement.

14. REFERENCES AND CONTACTS

Théogène HABAKUBAHO, 2018. Kigoma-Butare (Rwanda) - Ngozi-Gitega (Burundi) 110/220 kV power transmission line - Update of the Comprehensive Resettlement Plan - Burundi

Questions should be referred to:

For REGIDESO:

Néhémie Niyongingo, Project Coordinator: [email protected] Audace Ntisumbwa, Expert in Environmental and Social Issues: [email protected]

For the AfDB:

Humphrey N. RICHARD, Acting Division Manager: [email protected] Moussa KONE, Consultant, Electrical Engineer: [email protected] Felix OKU, Senior Environmental Expert: [email protected] Gisèle BELEM, Social Safeguards Consultant: [email protected]