FALL/WINTER 2013, Vol. XV, No. 3/4 HarvardA Journal of Asian StudiesAsia Affiliated with the HarvardQuarterly University Asia Center INSIDE: BEN HAMMER · Textual Scholarship in Ancient Chinese Studies JEONGHOON HA · Why South Korea Ratified the Treaty on the Non- NON ARKARAPRASERTKUL · Traditionalism and Shanghai’s Alleyways Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1975 DAVID HOPKINS · Kessen Musume MICHA’EL tanCHUM · India’s Not-So-Splendid Isolation HELEN MACNAUGhtan · The Life and Legacy of Kasai Masae: SHARINEE JAGTIANI · ASEAN and Regional Security The Mother of Japanese Volleyball NORI KATAGIRI · Great Power Politics: China and the United States SCott MORRISON · Islamic Banking in the Maldives Harvard Asia Quarterly FALL/WINTER 2013, Vol. XV, No. 3/4 EdIToR-IN-chIEF Alissa Murray MANAgINg EdIToR Jing Qian dEPuTy EdIToR-IN-chIEF Rachel Leng AREA EDITORS chINA AREA head Editor: Justin Thomas Xiaoqian hu Shuyuan Jiang JAPAN AREA head Editor: danica Truscott Kevin Luo hannah Shepherd KOREA AREA head Editor: Keungyoon Bae Rachel Leng Xiao Wen SOUThEAST ASIA AREA head Editor: Soobin Kim Purachate Manussiripen ching-yin Kwan SOUTh ASIA AREA head Editor: yukti choudhary Gerard Jumamil Wishuporn Shompoo The Harvard Asia Quarterly is a journal of Asian studies affiliated with the harvard university Asia center. ABouT ThE harvard uNIVERSITy ASIA cENTER Established on July 1, 1997, the harvard university Asia center was founded as a university-wide interfaculty initiative with an underlying mission to engage people across disciplines and regions. It was also charged with expanding South and Southeast Asian studies, including Thai Studies, in the university’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The center sponsors a number of seminars, conferences, lectures, and programs during the academic year, including the annual Tsai Lecture, the Modern Asia, Southeast Asia, and Islam in Asia seminar series, the Ezra F. Vogel distinguished Visi- tors Program, and the Asia Vision 21 conference. In addition to its award-winning Publications Program, the center issues a weekly bulletin featuring Asia-related events at harvard and in the greater Boston area, as well as an online newsletter. For more information on the harvard university Asia center, visit http://asiacenter.harvard.edu. ABouT ThE HARVARD ASIA QUARTERLY The Harvard Asia Quarterly is a professional academic journal of Asian studies affiliated with the harvard university Asia center. We publish four times a year on multidisciplinary topics related to issues in East, South, central, and Southeast Asia. We remain dedicated to facilitating scholarly exchange within the academic community by publishing highly re- searched and well-documented articles relevant to the discourse on contemporary Asia. In maintaining short publication cycles, we seek to provide timely commentary on the issues relevant to Asian studies today. For more information on the Harvard Asia Quarterly, visit http://www.asiaquarterly.com. For inquiries and corrections, email [email protected]. ABOUT ThE ASIA cENTER PublicatioNS PRogRAM The publications program of the harvard university Asia center oversees three series: the harvard contemporary china Series, active since 1985 and now nearing 20 titles; harvard East Asian Monographs, initiated in 1956 and now totaling about 360 published titles; and the harvard-yenching Institute Monograph Series, with nearly 90 titles. Since the begin- ning of academic year 2012–2013, the Asia center publications program has published more than 30 new titles. cover Photo: Bigstockphoto.com. Article cover Photos (unless otherwise credited): Bigstockphoto.com. I. hISToRIcAL PERSPEcTIVES The Importance of Textual Scholarship in Ancient Chinese Studies 4 BEN HAMMER II. MODERN SocIETy Traditionalism as a Way of Life: The Sense of Home in a Shanghai Alleyway 15 NON ARKARAPRASERTKUL Kessen Musume: Women and Japan’s Record Industry at War 26 david HOPKINS The Life and Legacy of Kasai Masae: the Mother of Japanese Volleyball 38 HELEN MACNAUGhtan Islamic Banking in the Maldives: Banking Law, Prudential Regulation 47 and Corporate Governance of a New Sector SCott MORRISON III. INTERNATIoNAL RELATIoNS: ASIA ANd BEYONd Why South Korea Ratified the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 56 Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1975: Implications for the Future of Non-Proliferation Efforts JEONGHOON HA India’s Not-So-Splendid Isolation in Central Asia: 66 The Impact of Strategic Autonomy in the Emerging Asian Regional Architecture MICHA’EL tanCHUM Hits and Misses: ASEAN and Regional Security Southeast Asia 73 SHARINEE JAGTIANI Great Power Politics in the Asia Pacific: Scenarios and Strategies 80 between China and the United States NORI kataGIRI ThE IMPortancE oF TEXTuAL SchoLARShIP IN ANcIENT chINESE STudIES BEN HAMMER · ShANdoNg uNIVERSITy Abstract In 1998 a mainland Chinese publishing house special- izing in ancient books published a book entitled Wen Zhi All the various branches of classical Chinese studies 《文致》. Wen Zhi is a literary anthology originally com- have an important common denominator, and that is they all piled at the end of the Ming Dynasty during the reigns of begin with Chinese texts. Whether our discussions favor an- Emperors Tian Qi and Chong Zhen by a scholar named Liu cient literature, history, or philosophy, the ancient text is the Shi Lin 刘士麟. It contains more than eighty works from first and most important obstacle that one must overcome. over sixty authors, from the Han Dynasty up to the Ming. Since the texts that we base our research on are hundreds if not In the preface to this new 1998 edition, the editor thousands or years old, they present to us unique problems wrote that this was an “unknown, lost work that is difficult to of understanding and interpretation. Textual scholarship, or come by” (一部难得的明人不传秘笈) which he recovered documentology, is the field that deals specifically with textual accidentally while on a trip in South Korea. He brought his problems, helping us both to identify the problems in ancient new discovery back to China and promptly had it published texts (whether they be mistakes or particularly obscure pas- in the form of a modern book. sages), as well as confidently navigate our way through them. Unfortunately for the editor, not only is this not a Though textual scholarship is an often under-appreciated and “lost” book, it is not even rare. In fact it can be found in doz- under-utilized branch of study, a basic understanding of its ens of public archives throughout China. If we pick up just methods and reference books is in fact a necessary compli- one, common reference book, A Catalogue of Superior Versions ment to any “higher” discussions. This article introduces just of Chinese Books 《中国古籍善本书目》and search for Wen such basic principles and reference tools of documentology Zhi, we will find that there are nine different versions of this that consistently prove to augment the sinologist’s chosen book located in one hundred different institutions in main- field of research. land China. These do not include the less-than-superior edi- ••• tions stored in countless library stacks or other editions pos- sessed by private and overseas collectors. And if that were not enough, the public library in the city where the publishers 4 hARVARd ASIA QuARTERLy 15.3/4 (2013) | The Importance of Textual Scholarship in Ancient Chinese Studies The Importance of Textual Scholarship in Ancient Chinese Studies | hARVARd ASIA QuARTERLy 15.3/4 (2013) 5 and editor are located contains at least two of these editions. Let us begin with a brief explanation of documentol- This is a telling example of someone in the field of an- ogy and follow up with examples to illustrate why it is not cient Chinese studies who was unaware of the importance of only helpful but indispensable to us. bibliographic research. While historians, philosophers, and classicists expound Bibliographic research is but one part of the textual on a work’s deeper meaning, the documentologist’s job, as the scholarship arsenal with which we need to arm ourselves in name suggests, has at its center the document itself. Anyone order to overcome any textual issues or problems that may who engages in the research of ancient China and its texts arise with every Chinese text we encounter. As sinologists must approach each new project first as a documentologist, who wish to understand and explicate myriad aspects of second as a philosopher, historian, or literary critic. China’s rich cultural history, we are first faced with the texts. There are two levels to documentological work. The As numerous as they are ancient, Chinese texts present us first level attempts to ascertain the various versions of a text. with many layers of obstacles which lie between the ancient This level has three main disciplines: bibliography 目录学, author’s original intent and the message that we read and per- bibliology 版本学, and textual collation 校勘学. The collec- ceive today. tive goal of these three disciplines is to find the most reliable The simple childhood game of “Telephone” or “Grape- version of the text we wish to study and use. Reliable here vine” illustrates well this point. A random sentence is whis- means most faithful to an ancient or original version, so that pered from one participant to the next until the final person in what we comment and philosophize on is in fact a fair repre- the chain reveals aloud the message that was finally received, sentation of the author’s/authors’ original, and not a distor- only to hear how far it has strayed from the originator’s. This tion of their words and ideas. is an example of the corruption and distortion inherent in the Once one or more quality versions have been estab- process of transmission. If this corruption is extrapolated to lished and located, we then engage in a critical analysis of the a text being copied and recopied over the course of hundreds written content of the text to obtain a correct understanding and even thousands of years, among the hands of scholars and of what we are reading.