DOCSLIB.ORG

Complete Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Complete Dissertation VU Research Portal The Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits Kamsma, M.J. 2010 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Kamsma, M. J. (2010). The Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits: An Ethnographic Study of Jewish Businesses Across Borders. VU Vrije Universiteit. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 The Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits An Ethnographic Study of Jewish Businesses Across Borders Cover design: S. Nestorovski Printed by Ridderprint BV ISBN 978-905335260-1 © 2010 by Theo Kamsma, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Contact: [email protected] All rights reserved. Save exceptions stated by the law, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permisssion from the author, application for which should be addressed to the author. ii Vrije Universiteit The Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits An Ethnographic Study of Jewish Businesses Across Borders Academisch proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. L.M. Bouter, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen op woensdag 28 april 2010 om 15.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Mattheus Joseph Kamsma geboren te Nijmegen promotor: prof.dr. H. Dahles copromotoren: dr. J.B.M. Koning prof.dr. A. Reid iv Ithaca Your mind should ever be on Ithaca. Your reaching there is your prime goal. But do not rush your journey anywise. Better that it should last for many years, And that, now old, you moor at Ithaca at last, A man enriched by all you gained upon the way, And not expecting Ithaca to give you further wealth. For Ithaca has given you the lovely trip. Without her you would not have set your course. There is no more that she can give. If Ithaca seems then too lean, you have not been deceived. As wise as you are now become, of such experience, you will have understood what Ithaca stands for. Constantine P. Cavafy (1911) v vi Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................. xi 1. Introducing the Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits...................................................... 13 1.1 Academic Relevance .......................................................................................................................13 1.2 The Straits.........................................................................................................................................19 1.3 The First Line of Investigation; Allegories..................................................................................21 1.4 The Second Line of Investigation; Networks and Complexity ................................................23 1.5 The Research Questions and Chapter Outline of the Thesis ...................................................25 2. Theorising the Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits.......................................................29 2.1 Theorising Diaspora........................................................................................................................29 2.2 The Straits Jewish Diasporascape .................................................................................................30 2.3 When a ‘Terra Incognita’ Becomes a NoGo Area....................................................................34 2.4 The Complexity Turn: MovementDriven Social Science ........................................................41 2.5 The Spatial Topologies of Region, Networks and Fluids..........................................................46 2.6 The Topology of Fire and Matters of Absenced Otherness.....................................................49 2.7 ‘History Matters’ and Path Dependence......................................................................................51 2.8 Researching the Straits Jewish Diasporascape as a Complex System......................................53 3. Researching the Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits.....................................................57 3.1 Making up for Wasted Time..........................................................................................................57 3.2 Access: Hello, my Name is Theo and I am not Jewish..............................................................59 3.3 Tool Maintenance............................................................................................................................63 3.4 Multiple Identity and ‘Method Assemblage’................................................................................65 3.5 Startup of the Project ....................................................................................................................69 3.6 Multisited Research without Multisited Research Permits .....................................................72 3.7 Data Processing and Key Informers ............................................................................................75 3.8 The Research Process: Historizing and Mixing Methods .........................................................78 3.9 Methods: Where the Reflexive and Complexity Turn Meet .....................................................82 4. Depicting the Hinterland of the Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits ...........................87 4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................87 4.2 Jewish Presence in between Myth and Reality ............................................................................88 4.2.1 Early Tracks and Traces........................................................................................................88 4.2.2 Jews in the Early Colonial Times.........................................................................................92 4.2.3 Marranos..................................................................................................................................94 4.2.4 Jews of Islam and Jews of Christianity................................................................................95 4.3 Central Node Singapore .................................................................................................................98 4.3.1 The Baghdadi Jewish Trade Diaspora.................................................................................98 4.3.2 Opium......................................................................................................................................99 4.3.3 A New influx: Ashkenazic Jews.........................................................................................101 4.3.4 Another New influx: Jews from the Homeland Israel ...................................................103 4.3.5 Modern time Jewish Singapore ..........................................................................................105 4.4 Oscillations between Messianic and Orthodox Judaism in Minahasa...................................107 4.4.1 Christian Minahasa and Jewish Progenitor Abraham Fontein......................................107 4.4.2 The Businesses of Abraham Fontein................................................................................108 4.4.3 Abraham Fontein’s Offspring............................................................................................110 4.4.4 The Manadonese Jewish Community ...............................................................................114 4.4.5 Israeli Jewish Presence in Manado ....................................................................................117 vii 4.5 The Jewish Cemetery and Penang Heritage ..............................................................................118 4.5.1 Penang, the Pearl of the Orient .........................................................................................118 4.5.2 The Jewish Cemetery at Yahudi Street .............................................................................120 4.5.3 Redirected Discussions......................................................................................................123 4.5.4 A New Re-direction.............................................................................................................125 5. Enacting the Jewish Diasporascape in the Straits: Diamond Trader Networks ......... 127 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................127
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Focus on Congregation Emanu-El the SCRIBE
    Volume XXXII • 2012 THE SCRIBE THE JOURNAL OF THE JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Featured in this issue Artistic Expressions of Spirituality Focus on Congregation Emanu-El THE SCRIBE THE JOURNAL OF THE JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Artistic Expressions of Spirituality Focus on Congregation Emanu-El Volume XXXII • 2012 This issue of The Scribe has been generously supported by: the Cyril Leonoff Fund for the Jewish Historical Society of British Columbia; the Yosef Wosk Publication Endowment Fund; Dora and Sid Golden and family; Betty and Irv Nitkin; and an anonymous donor. Editor: Cynthia Ramsay Publications Committee: Betty Nitkin, Perry Seidelman and archivist Jennifer Yuhasz, with appreciation to Josie Tonio McCarthy and Marcy Babins Layout: Western Sky Communications Ltd. Statements of fact or opinion appearing in The Scribe are made on the responsibility of the authors alone and do not imply the endorsements of the editor or the Jewish Historical Society of British Columbia. Please address all submissions and communications on editorial and circulation matters to: THE SCRIBE Jewish Historical Society of British Columbia 6184 Ash Street, Vancouver, B.C., V5Z 3G9 604-257-5199 • [email protected] • http://www.jewishmuseum.ca Membership Rates: Households – $54; Institutions/Organizations – $75 Includes one copy of each issue of The Scribe and The Chronicle Back issues and e xtra copies – $20 plus postage ISSN 0824 6048 © The Jewish Historical Society of British Columbia is a nonprofit organization. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted without the written permission of the publisher, with the following exception: JHSBC grants permission to individuals to download or print single copies of articles for personal use.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDIA RELEASE for Immediate Release CELEBRATING OUR
    MEDIA RELEASE For Immediate Release CELEBRATING OUR RACIAL AND RELIGIOUS HARMONY WITH NEW GUIDED WALKS BY THE NATIONAL HERITAGE BOARD The Singapore Town Plan, showing Queen, Waterloo and Bencoolen Streets to be part of a “European Town”, late-19th century. Despite being originally designated as a European quarter, significant numbers of Eurasians, Chinese, Indians, Jews, Malays, amongst other communities, also settled in the area. Image courtesy of National Museum of Singapore, National Heritage Board Singapore, 14 November 2019 – Along Waterloo Street, a devotee from the Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple walks two doors down to the neighbouring Sri Krishnan Temple to offer prayers. This is a common sight in the area, where temples, churches, a mosque and a synagogue are all within a stone’s throw of one another. These houses of worship stand as testaments to the diverse communities who lived, worked and played side by side around Queen, Waterloo and Bencoolen Streets in Singapore’s Bras Basah.Bugis precinct, exemplifying the values of understanding and openness that have allowed them to exist and thrive together. 2 With the launch of a new programme titled Harmony Walks by the National Heritage Board (NHB), Singaporeans will be able to embark on free guided walks along Queen, Waterloo and Bencoolen Streets and learn more about the commonalities shared by diverse communities in the areas of religion, culture and built heritage. Harmony Walks comprises three guided walks that will cover the following designated areas: • Harmony Walks: Queen, Waterloo and Bencoolen Streets • Harmony Walks: Telok Ayer (To be launched in 2020) • Harmony Walks: South Bridge Road (To be launched in 2020) 3 The first of the three walks is Harmony Walks: Queen, Waterloo and Bencoolen Streets, which covers a total of seven religious institutions – Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple, Sri Krishnan Temple, Maghain Aboth Synagogue, Cathedral of the Good Shepherd, Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Kum Yan Methodist Church and Masjid Bencoolen.
    [Show full text]
  • 15 Zile În Armenia Ghetsimani Construită În Secolul Al Şaptesprezecelea Pe Locul Altei Vechi Biserici Care a Fost Distrusă Jurnal De Călătorie De Cutremurul Din 1679
    Primul Genocid al secolului XX EDITORIAL nerecunoscut nu este cel mai bun moment” Desigur, jocurile politice, stra- după un veac de la aceste crime tegice şi „pragmatismul” au fost oficial încă nici contra umanităţii săvârşită de şi sunt încâlcite, sucite, capri- după 100 de ani turci contra armenilor în urma cioase, contradictorii, încren- căreia au fost ucişi sălbatic în găturile şi aspiraţiile comune Turcia lui 1915, un milion şi de interese mondiale, mes- Un articol scris de un român. jumătate de creştini armeni. chine, cinice şi nemiloase fac Un articol scris de un om care În ciuda opoziţiei permanente ca sănătatea morală a lumii în- gândește despre umanitate, a unor state, aceleaşi mereu, tregi de astăzi din aceste cauze umanism și adevăr. Un articol indiferenţa este abandonată să aibă mult de suferit fiind ast- scris de o conștiință care nu se tardiv şi un număr de peste 23 fel previzibile noi măceluri ale lasă intimidat sau manipulat de ţări (ex. Franţa, Germania, unor etnii, noi genocide. de Realpolitik și interesele ge- Italia, Polonia, Belgia, Olanda, otrategice ale marilor puteri. Grecia, Slovacia, Cipru, Argen- A nu-i recunoaşte martiriul Un articol scris de un ardelean tina, Uruguay) au votat pentru celor 1.500.000 de sfinţişori, care vrea să fie el însuși. Ceea adevăr, dreptate şi omenie. mucenici (nu 40… ci 1,5 mil- ce atrage toată simpatia, soli- ioane…) sfinţi, ucişi de mo- daritatea și prietenia mea. Dacă cu adevărat, s-ar fi luat hamedani acum zece decenii măsuri energice legale şi efec- înseamnă indiferenţă şi con-
    [Show full text]
  • A Farewell to Alms
    A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World Draft, 1 October 2006 Forthcoming, Princeton University Press, 2007 He is a benefactor of mankind who contracts the great rules of life into short sentences, that may be easily impressed on the memory, and so recur habitually to the mind --Samuel Johnson Gregory Clark University of California Davis, CA 95616 ([email protected]) 1. Introduction…………………………………….. 1-13 The Malthusian Trap: Economic Life to 1800 2. The Logic of the Malthusian Economy…………. 15-39 3. Material Living Standards……………………….. 40-76 4. Fertility………………………………………….. 78-99 5. Mortality………………………………………… 100-131 6. Malthus and Darwin: Survival of the Richest……. 132-152 7. Technological Advance…………………………..153-179 8. Preference Changes………………………………180-207 The Industrial Revolution 9. Modern Growth: the Wealth of Nations………… 208-227 10. The Problem of the Industrial Revolution……….. 228-256 11. The Industrial Revolution in Britain, 1760-1860…. 257-293 12 Social Consequences of the Industrial Revolution.. 294-330 The Great Divergence 13. The Great Divergence: World Growth since 1800.. 331-364 14. The Proximate Sources of Divergence…………... 365-394 15. Why Isn’t the Whole World Developed?.................. 395-420 16. Conclusion: Strange New World………………… 421-422 Technical Appendix……………………………... 423-427 References……………………………………….. 428-451 ii 1 Introduction The basic outline of world economic history is surprisingly simple. Indeed it can be summarized in one diagram: figure 1.1. Before 1800 income per person – the food, clothing, heat, light, housing, and furnishings available per head - varied across socie- ties and epochs. But there was no upward trend. A simple but powerful mechanism explained in this book, the Malthusian Trap, kept incomes within a range narrow by modern standards.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Hamerkaz
    50883_Book_r3:50883_Book_r3 9/16/09 2:21 PM Page 1 F ALL 2 0 0 9 E DITION HAPPY NEW YEAR 5770 HAMERKAZ A PUBLICATION OF THE SEPHARDIC EDUCATIONAL CENTER SECuring Our Jewish Future 50883_Book_r3:50883_Book_r3 9/16/09 2:21 PM Page 2 BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Jose A. Nessim, Founder & President MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD W o r l d E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e Ronald J. Nessim, Chair Sarita Hasson Fields Raymond Mallel Freda Nessim By Ronald J. Nessim Steven Nessim Prof. Eli Nissim There has been significant and exciting changes at the SEC over the past two Dr. Salvador Sarfatti years. Let me update you on some of them. Neil J. Sheff Marcia Israel Weingarten Larry Azose, World Executive Director In the fall of 2007, we hired Larry Azose as our full-time executive director. Larry has a rich Sephardic background, brings organizational skills to the SEC and is S E C J e r u s a l e m C a m p u s 200% committed to our cause. We are fortunate to have him. Rabbi Yosef Benarroch, Educational Director [email protected] Our executive committee which I am proud to chair has been meeting monthly in Israel Shalem, Administrative Director Los Angeles. The executive committee has made great progress in revitalizing the [email protected] SEC and each member has assumed primary responsibility in one or more areas such as finance, Israel programs and our Jewish day school initiative. S E C C h a p t e r s Los Angeles• Argentina• New York• Montreal It is our intent over the coming months to create Advisory Committees consisting World Executive Offices of community leaders in our local chapters.
    [Show full text]
  • A Special Issue to Commemorate Singapore Bicentennial 2019
    2019 A Special Issue to Commemorate Singapore Bicentennial 2019 About the Culture Academy Singapore Te Culture Academy Singapore was established in 2015 by the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth to groom the next generation of cultural leaders in the public sector. Guided by its vision to be a centre of excellence for the development of culture professionals and administrators, the Culture Academy Singapore’s work spans three areas: Education and Capability Development, Research and Scholarship and Tought Leadership. Te Culture Academy Singapore also provides professional development workshops, public lectures and publishes research articles through its journal, Cultural Connections, to nurture thought leaders in Singapore’s cultural scene. One of the Academy’s popular oferings is its annual thought leadership conference which provides a common space for cultural leaders to gather and exchange ideas and best practices, and to incubate new ideas. It also ofers networking opportunities and platforms for collaborative ideas-sharing. Cultural Connections is a journal published annually by the Culture Academy Singapore to nurture thought leadership in cultural work in the public sector. Te views expressed in the publication are solely those of the authors and contributors, and do not in any way represent the views of the National Heritage Board or the Singapore Government. Editor-in-Chief: Tangamma Karthigesu Editor: Tan Chui Hua Editorial Assistants: Geraldine Soh & Nur Hummairah Design: Fable Printer: Chew Wah Press Distributed by the Culture Academy Singapore Published in July 2019 by Culture Academy Singapore, 61 Stamford Road #02-08 Stamford Court Singapore 178892 © 2019 National Heritage Board. All rights reserved. National Heritage Board shall not be held liable for any damages, disputes, loss, injury or inconvenience arising in connection with the contents of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2021
    SINGAPORE TERRORISM THREAT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2021 2 3 OVERVIEW The terrorism threat to Singapore remains high. Global terrorist groups like the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Al-Qaeda (AQ) have proven resilient and adaptable, despite their leadership losses and setbacks in recent years. Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, they have stepped up their recruitment and propaganda efforts on social media, encouraging their supporters worldwide to conduct attacks. 2. The enduring appeal of ISIS violent ideology is seen among the self- radicalised cases dealt with in Singapore in the past two years, the majority of whom were ISIS supporters. While Islamist terrorism remains the key concern, other emergent threats such as far-right extremism can also potentially propel at- risk individuals towards violent radicalism. In December 2020, Singapore detected its first self-radicalised individual who was inspired by far-right extremist ideologies. 3. There is currently no specific and credible intelligence of an imminent terrorist attack against Singapore. However, since the last Report issued on 22 January 2019, the Internal Security Department (ISD) has averted terrorist attacks by two Singaporean youths targeting places of worship in Singapore. These cases underscore the very real threat of lone-actor attacks by self-radicalised individuals. EXTERNAL TERRORISM THREAT ISIS Continues to be Primary Threat 4. Despite losing its last territorial stronghold in March 2019, ISIS remains an active insurgent force in Syria and Iraq. It reportedly still has some 10,000 fighters in the conflict zone and tens of millions of dollars in cash reserves. Over the past year, ISIS has escalated its insurgent activities in the conflict zone, taking advantage of the security vacuum left by reduced military operations due to COVID-19 and the reduction in US troops in Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities 469190 789811 9 Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore
    Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities Inter-religious harmony is critical for Singapore’s liveability as a densely populated, multi-cultural city-state. In today’s STUDIES URBAN SYSTEMS world where there is increasing polarisation in issues of race and religion, Singapore is a good example of harmonious existence between diverse places of worship and religious practices. This has been achieved through careful planning, governance and multi-stakeholder efforts, and underpinned by principles such as having a culture of integrity and innovating systematically. Through archival research and interviews with urban pioneers and experts, Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities documents the planning and governance of religious harmony in Singapore from pre-independence till the present and Communities Practices Spaces, Religious Harmony in Singapore: day, with a focus on places of worship and religious practices. Religious Harmony “Singapore must treasure the racial and religious harmony that it enjoys…We worked long and hard to arrive here, and we must in Singapore: work even harder to preserve this peace for future generations.” Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore. Spaces, Practices and Communities 9 789811 469190 Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities Urban Systems Studies Books Water: From Scarce Resource to National Asset Transport: Overcoming Constraints, Sustaining Mobility Industrial Infrastructure: Growing in Tandem with the Economy Sustainable Environment:
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2017
    ANNUAL REPORT 2017 VISION SPH REIT aims to be a premier retail real CORPORATE estate investment trust in Singapore and Asia Pacific, with a portfolio of quality PROFILE income-producing retail properties. SPH REIT is a Singapore-based Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) established principally to invest, directly MISSION or indirectly, in a portfolio of income-producing real estate which is used primarily for retail purposes in To be the landlord of choice for our tenants Asia-Pacific, as well as real estate related assets. and shoppers and be committed in our delivery of quality products and services. To SPH REIT was listed on the Singapore Exchange provide Unitholders of SPH REIT with regular Securities Trading Limited (“SGX-ST”) on 24 July and stable distributions, and sustainable 2013 and is sponsored by Singapore Press Holdings long-term growth in distribution per unit and Limited (“SPHL” or the “Sponsor”), Asia’s leading media organisation, with publications across multiple net asset value per unit, while maintaining languages and platforms. an appropriate capital structure. CONTENTS 02 Financial Highlights 07 Statement by Chairman and CEO 10 Year In Review 12 Trust Structure 13 Organisation Structure 14 Board of Directors 19 Management Team 21 Property Management Team 24 Operations Review 32 Financial Review 38 Unit Price Performance 40 Portfolio Overview 48 Market Overview 54 Corporate Social Responsibility 58 Investor Relations 60 Risk Management 63 Corporate Governance 81 Financial Statements 127 Statistics of Unitholdings 129 Interested Person Transactions 130 Notice of Annual General Meeting Proxy Form Corporate Directory INUNISON | INSYNC 1. As at 31 August 2017, SPH REIT comprises with a total 223,097 sq ft of medical suite/ two high quality and well located office NLA (“Paragon Medical”); and commercial properties in Singapore totalling 910,395 sq ft Net Lettable Area (“NLA”) with THE CleMentI Mall, a mid-market an aggregate appraised value of S$3.278 suburban mall located in the centre of billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Apr–Jun 2013
    VOL. 9 iSSUe 1 FEATURE APr – jUn 2013 · vOL. 9 · iSSUe 1 From Garden City to Oriental, Utai, Mexican: The Story of Icons of Learning: The Redesign of Gardening City the Singapore Jewish Community the Modern Library 04 10 24 01 BIBLIOASIA APR –JUN 2013 Director’s Column Editorial & Production “A Room of One’s Own”, Virginia Woolf’s 1929 essay, argues for the place of women in Managing Editor: Stephanie Pee Editorial Support: Sharon Koh, the literary tradition. The title also makes for an apt underlying theme of this issue Masamah Ahmad, Francis Dorai of BiblioAsia, which explores finding one’s place and space in Singapore. Contributors: Benjamin Towell, With 5.3 million people living in an area of 710 square kilometres, intriguing Bernice Ang, Dan Koh, Joanna Tan, solutions in response to finding space can emerge from sheer necessity. This Juffri Supa’at, Justin Zhuang, Liyana Taha, issue, we celebrate the built environment: the skyscrapers, mosques, synagogues, Noorashikin binte Zulkifli, and of course, libraries, from which stories of dialogue, strife, ambition and Siti Hazariah Abu Bakar, Ten Leu-Jiun Design & Print: Relay Room, Times Printers tradition come through even as each community attempts to find a space of its own and leave a distinct mark on where it has been and hopes to thrive. Please direct all correspondence to: A sense of sanctuary comes to mind in the hubbub of an increasingly densely National Library Board populated city. In Justin Zhuang’s article, “From Garden City to Gardening City”, he 100 Victoria Street #14-01 explores the preservation and the development of the green lungs of Sungei Buloh, National Library Building Singapore 188064 Chek Jawa and, recently, the Rail Corridor, as breathing spaces of the city.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of World Civilization. 3 Cyclus (1450-2070) New Time ("New Antiquity"), Capitalism ("New Slaveownership"), Upper Mental (Causal) Plan
    The history of world civilization. 3 cyclus (1450-2070) New time ("new antiquity"), capitalism ("new slaveownership"), upper mental (causal) plan. 19. 1450-1700 -"neoarchaics". 20. 1700-1790 -"neoclassics". 21. 1790-1830 -"romanticism". 22. 1830-1870 – «liberalism». Modern time (lower intuitive plan) 23. 1870-1910 – «imperialism». 24. 1910-1950 – «militarism». 25.1950-1990 – «social-imperialism». 26.1990-2030 – «neoliberalism». 27. 2030-2070 – «neoromanticism». New history. We understand the new history generally in the same way as the representatives of Marxist history. It is a history of establishment of new social-economic formation – capitalism, which, in difference to the previous formations, uses the economic impelling and the big machine production. The most important classes are bourgeoisie and hired workers, in the last time the number of the employees in the sphere of service increases. The peasants decrease in number, the movement of peasants into towns takes place; the remaining peasants become the independent farmers, who are involved into the ware and money economy. In the political sphere it is an epoch of establishment of the republican system, which is profitable first of all for the bourgeoisie, with the time the political rights and liberties are extended for all the population. In the spiritual plan it is an epoch of the upper mental, or causal (later lower intuitive) plan, the humans discover the laws of development of the world and man, the traditional explanations of religion already do not suffice. The time of the swift development of technique (Satan was loosed out of his prison, according to Revelation 20.7), which causes finally the global ecological problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 56, Winter 2009 Page 1 of 27
    Armenian Voice: Issue 56, Winter 2009 Page 1 of 27 Winter 2009 Issue 56 CONTENTS • CAIA NEWS ◦ CAIA Registers as UK Online Centre & Takes Part in Family Learning Festival Celebrations ◦ CAIA Holds Successful AGM ◦ CAIA Volunteers Recognised ◦ CAIA Awayday: A New Decade, A New Strategy ◦ A Big Thank You! ◦ CAIA MC Member Wins Award ◦ Talk About Yerevan British Embassy ◦ Elections & Voting ◦ Dramatic Reading - Queen Shushanik ◦ Happy New Year & Merry Xmas ◦ Offer Of Help by Ealing Councillors ◦ Finding Work Training ◦ Financial Capability Training ◦ Training In Job Search Skills ◦ Tastes Of Armenia • ARMENIAN SENIOR CITIZENS AT HAYASHEN ◦ Fit As A Fiddle Programme ◦ Forthcoming Events ◦ Armenian Senior Citizens Christmas Party Feast ◦ Seaside Outing to Worthing ◦ Aid Kashatagh • ARMENIAN COMMUNITY PRE SCHOOL GROUP ◦ Annual Summer Project http://caia.org.uk/armenianvoice/56/index.htm 11/09/2010 Armenian Voice: Issue 56, Winter 2009 Page 2 of 27 ◦ Christmas Party • HAYASHEN YOUTH CLUB ◦ Highlights From The Past Few Months • COMMUNITY NEWS ◦ Gifts To Armenian Children ◦ Kev Orkian Wins Event UK's "The Next Big Thing" ◦ Armenian Eurovision Artists In Concert ◦ Candidate Of Armenian Heritage In UK's Next Parliamentary Elections ◦ Gomidas Institute Reception ◦ Was There An Armenian Genocide? ◦ Majority Of Eligable MPs Now Recognise Armenian Genocide ◦ Sergei Paradjanov Festival, 22 February – 9 May ◦ Documentary on Genocide Denial Screened At UCL ◦ Arshile Gorky: A Retrospective - Tate Modern, London ◦ Genealogy: Piecing Together The Past - Liz
    [Show full text]